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- Wang, Carol A. (1)
- Wang, Chaolong (1)
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- Wong, Charlene (1)
- Wong, Tien-Yin (1)
- Worley, Kim C. (1)
- Wu, Yuanqing (1)
- Wuttke, Matthias (1)
- Xu, Liang (1)
- Xu, Yizhe (1)
- Yang, Qiong (1)
- Yasuda, Masayuki (1)
- Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M. (1)
- Yu, Zhi (1)
- Zafarmand, Mohammad Hadi (1)
- Zeggini, Eleftheria (1)
- Zhang, Haitao (1)
- Zhang, Weihua (1)
- Zhao, Jianhua (1)
- Zhou, Kaixin (1)
- Znassi, Nadia (1)
- Zonderman, Alan B. (1)
- Zou, Xiaoyan (1)
- de Geus, Eco J. C. (1)
- de Geus, Eco J. C. N. (1)
- de Haan, Hugoline G. (1)
- den Hoed, Marcel (1)
- van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M. (1)
- van Kampen, Antoine H. C. (1)
- van Schaik, Barbera D. C. (1)
- van Zuydam, Natalie R. (1)
- van der Zee, Maurijn (1)
- von Haeseler, Arndt (1)
Language
- English (7)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (7)
Keywords
- alleles (1)
- biobanks (1)
- birth weight (1)
- duration of gestation (1)
- fetus (1)
- genetics (1)
- genome-wide association study (1)
- genotype (1)
- mothers (1)
- offspring (1)
A catalog of genetic loci associated with kidney function from analyses of a million individuals
(2019)
Wuttke, Matthias ; Li, Yong ; Li, Man ; Sieber, Karsten B. ; Feitosa, Mary F. ; Gorski, Mathias ; Tin, Adrienne ; Wang, Lihua ; Chu, Audrey Y. ; Hoppmann, Anselm ; Kirsten, Holger ; Giri, Ayush ; Chai, Jin-Fang ; Sveinbjornsson, Gardar ; Tayo, Bamidele O. ; Nutile, Teresa ; Fuchsberger, Christian ; Marten, Jonathan ; Cocca, Massimiliano ; Ghasemi, Sahar ; Xu, Yizhe ; Horn, Katrin ; Noce, Damia ; Van der Most, Peter J. ; Sedaghat, Sanaz ; Yu, Zhi ; Akiyama, Masato ; Afaq, Saima ; Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh ; Almgren, Peter ; Amin, Najaf ; Arnlov, Johan ; Bakker, Stephan J. L. ; Bansal, Nisha ; Baptista, Daniela ; Bergmann, Sven ; Biggs, Mary L. ; Biino, Ginevra ; Boehnke, Michael ; Boerwinkle, Eric ; Boissel, Mathilde ; Böttinger, Erwin ; Boutin, Thibaud S. ; Brenner, Hermann ; Brumat, Marco ; Burkhardt, Ralph ; Butterworth, Adam S. ; Campana, Eric ; Campbell, Archie ; Campbell, Harry ; Canouil, Mickael ; Carroll, Robert J. ; Catamo, Eulalia ; Chambers, John C. ; Chee, Miao-Ling ; Chee, Miao-Li ; Chen, Xu ; Cheng, Ching-Yu ; Cheng, Yurong ; Christensen, Kaare ; Cifkova, Renata ; Ciullo, Marina ; Concas, Maria Pina ; Cook, James P. ; Coresh, Josef ; Corre, Tanguy ; Sala, Cinzia Felicita ; Cusi, Daniele ; Danesh, John ; Daw, E. Warwick ; De Borst, Martin H. ; De Grandi, Alessandro ; De Mutsert, Renee ; De Vries, Aiko P. J. ; Degenhardt, Frauke ; Delgado, Graciela ; Demirkan, Ayse ; Di Angelantonio, Emanuele ; Dittrich, Katalin ; Divers, Jasmin ; Dorajoo, Rajkumar ; Eckardt, Kai-Uwe ; Ehret, Georg ; Elliott, Paul ; Endlich, Karlhans ; Evans, Michele K. ; Felix, Janine F. ; Foo, Valencia Hui Xian ; Franco, Oscar H. ; Franke, Andre ; Freedman, Barry I. ; Freitag-Wolf, Sandra ; Friedlander, Yechiel ; Froguel, Philippe ; Gansevoort, Ron T. ; Gao, He ; Gasparini, Paolo ; Gaziano, J. Michael ; Giedraitis, Vilmantas ; Gieger, Christian ; Girotto, Giorgia ; Giulianini, Franco ; Gogele, Martin ; Gordon, Scott D. ; Gudbjartsson, Daniel F. ; Gudnason, Vilmundur ; Haller, Toomas ; Hamet, Pavel ; Harris, Tamara B. ; Hartman, Catharina A. ; Hayward, Caroline ; Hellwege, Jacklyn N. ; Heng, Chew-Kiat ; Hicks, Andrew A. ; Hofer, Edith ; Huang, Wei ; Hutri-Kahonen, Nina ; Hwang, Shih-Jen ; Ikram, M. Arfan ; Indridason, Olafur S. ; Ingelsson, Erik ; Ising, Marcus ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. ; Jakobsdottir, Johanna ; Jonas, Jost B. ; Joshi, Peter K. ; Josyula, Navya Shilpa ; Jung, Bettina ; Kahonen, Mika ; Kamatani, Yoichiro ; Kammerer, Candace M. ; Kanai, Masahiro ; Kastarinen, Mika ; Kerr, Shona M. ; Khor, Chiea-Chuen ; Kiess, Wieland ; Kleber, Marcus E. ; Koenig, Wolfgang ; Kooner, Jaspal S. ; Korner, Antje ; Kovacs, Peter ; Kraja, Aldi T. ; Krajcoviechova, Alena ; Kramer, Holly ; Kramer, Bernhard K. ; Kronenberg, Florian ; Kubo, Michiaki ; Kuhnel, Brigitte ; Kuokkanen, Mikko ; Kuusisto, Johanna ; La Bianca, Martina ; Laakso, Markku ; Lange, Leslie A. ; Langefeld, Carl D. ; Lee, Jeannette Jen-Mai ; Lehne, Benjamin ; Lehtimaki, Terho ; Lieb, Wolfgang ; Lim, Su-Chi ; Lind, Lars ; Lindgren, Cecilia M. ; Liu, Jun ; Liu, Jianjun ; Loeffler, Markus ; Loos, Ruth J. F. ; Lucae, Susanne ; Lukas, Mary Ann ; Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka ; Magi, Reedik ; Magnusson, Patrik K. E. ; Mahajan, Anubha ; Martin, Nicholas G. ; Martins, Jade ; Marz, Winfried ; Mascalzoni, Deborah ; Matsuda, Koichi ; Meisinger, Christa ; Meitinger, Thomas ; Melander, Olle ; Metspalu, Andres ; Mikaelsdottir, Evgenia K. ; Milaneschi, Yuri ; Miliku, Kozeta ; Mishra, Pashupati P. ; Program, V. A. Million Veteran ; Mohlke, Karen L. ; Mononen, Nina ; Montgomery, Grant W. ; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. ; Mychaleckyj, Josyf C. ; Nadkarni, Girish N. ; Nalls, Mike A. ; Nauck, Matthias ; Nikus, Kjell ; Ning, Boting ; Nolte, Ilja M. ; Noordam, Raymond ; Olafsson, Isleifur ; Oldehinkel, Albertine J. ; Orho-Melander, Marju ; Ouwehand, Willem H. ; Padmanabhan, Sandosh ; Palmer, Nicholette D. ; Palsson, Runolfur ; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. ; Perls, Thomas ; Perola, Markus ; Pirastu, Mario ; Pirastu, Nicola ; Pistis, Giorgio ; Podgornaia, Anna I. ; Polasek, Ozren ; Ponte, Belen ; Porteous, David J. ; Poulain, Tanja ; Pramstaller, Peter P. ; Preuss, Michael H. ; Prins, Bram P. ; Province, Michael A. ; Rabelink, Ton J. ; Raffield, Laura M. ; Raitakari, Olli T. ; Reilly, Dermot F. ; Rettig, Rainer ; Rheinberger, Myriam ; Rice, Kenneth M. ; Ridker, Paul M. ; Rivadeneira, Fernando ; Rizzi, Federica ; Roberts, David J. ; Robino, Antonietta ; Rossing, Peter ; Rudan, Igor ; Rueedi, Rico ; Ruggiero, Daniela ; Ryan, Kathleen A. ; Saba, Yasaman ; Sabanayagam, Charumathi ; Salomaa, Veikko ; Salvi, Erika ; Saum, Kai-Uwe ; Schmidt, Helena ; Schmidt, Reinhold ; Ben Schottker ; Schulz, Christina-Alexandra ; Schupf, Nicole ; Shaffer, Christian M. ; Shi, Yuan ; Smith, Albert V. ; Smith, Blair H. ; Soranzo, Nicole ; Spracklen, Cassandra N. ; Strauch, Konstantin ; Stringham, Heather M. ; Stumvoll, Michael ; Svensson, Per O. ; Szymczak, Silke ; Tai, E-Shyong ; Tajuddin, Salman M. ; Tan, Nicholas Y. Q. ; Taylor, Kent D. ; Teren, Andrej ; Tham, Yih-Chung ; Thiery, Joachim ; Thio, Chris H. L. ; Thomsen, Hauke ; Thorleifsson, Gudmar ; Toniolo, Daniela ; Tonjes, Anke ; Tremblay, Johanne ; Tzoulaki, Ioanna ; Uitterlinden, Andre G. ; Vaccargiu, Simona ; Van Dam, Rob M. ; Van der Harst, Pim ; Van Duijn, Cornelia M. ; Edward, Digna R. Velez ; Verweij, Niek ; Vogelezang, Suzanne ; Volker, Uwe ; Vollenweider, Peter ; Waeber, Gerard ; Waldenberger, Melanie ; Wallentin, Lars ; Wang, Ya Xing ; Wang, Chaolong ; Waterworth, Dawn M. ; Bin Wei, Wen ; White, Harvey ; Whitfield, John B. ; Wild, Sarah H. ; Wilson, James F. ; Wojczynski, Mary K. ; Wong, Charlene ; Wong, Tien-Yin ; Xu, Liang ; Yang, Qiong ; Yasuda, Masayuki ; Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M. ; Zhang, Weihua ; Zonderman, Alan B. ; Rotter, Jerome I. ; Bochud, Murielle ; Psaty, Bruce M. ; Vitart, Veronique ; Wilson, James G. ; Dehghan, Abbas ; Parsa, Afshin ; Chasman, Daniel I. ; Ho, Kevin ; Morris, Andrew P. ; Devuyst, Olivier ; Akilesh, Shreeram ; Pendergrass, Sarah A. ; Sim, Xueling ; Boger, Carsten A. ; Okada, Yukinori ; Edwards, Todd L. ; Snieder, Harold ; Stefansson, Kari ; Hung, Adriana M. ; Heid, Iris M. ; Scholz, Markus ; Teumer, Alexander ; Kottgen, Anna ; Pattaro, Cristian
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is responsible for a public health burden with multi-systemic complications. Through transancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and independent replication (n = 1,046,070), we identified 264 associated loci (166 new). Of these,147 were likely to be relevant for kidney function on the basis of associations with the alternative kidney function marker blood urea nitrogen (n = 416,178). Pathway and enrichment analyses, including mouse models with renal phenotypes, support the kidney as the main target organ. A genetic risk score for lower eGFR was associated with clinically diagnosed CKD in 452,264 independent individuals. Colocalization analyses of associations with eGFR among 783,978 European-ancestry individuals and gene expression across 46 human tissues, including tubulo-interstitial and glomerular kidney compartments, identified 17 genes differentially expressed in kidney. Fine-mapping highlighted missense driver variants in 11 genes and kidney-specific regulatory variants. These results provide a comprehensive priority list of molecular targets for translational research.
Warrington, Nicole ; Beaumont, Robin ; Horikoshi, Momoko ; Day, Felix R. ; Helgeland, Øyvind ; Laurin, Charles ; Bacelis, Jonas ; Peng, Shouneng ; Hao, Ke ; Feenstra, Bjarke ; Wood, Andrew R. ; Mahajan, Anubha ; Tyrrell, Jessica ; Robertson, Neil R. ; Rayner, N. William ; Qiao, Zhen ; Moen, Gunn-Helen ; Vaudel, Marc ; Marsit, Carmen ; Chen, Jia ; Nodzenski, Michael ; Schnurr, Theresia M. ; Zafarmand, Mohammad Hadi ; Bradfield, Jonathan P. ; Grarup, Niels ; Kooijman, Marjolein N. ; Li-Gao, Ruifang ; Geller, Frank ; Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh ; Paternoster, Lavinia ; Rueedi, Rico ; Huikari, Ville ; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan ; Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka ; Cavadino, Alana ; Metrustry, Sarah ; Cousminer, Diana L. ; Wu, Ying ; Thiering, Elisabeth Paula ; Wang, Carol A. ; Have, Christian Theil ; Vilor-Tejedor, Natalia ; Joshi, Peter K. ; Painter, Jodie N. ; Ntalla, Ioanna ; Myhre, Ronny ; Pitkänen, Niina ; van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M. ; Joro, Raimo ; Lagou, Vasiliki ; Richmond, Rebecca C. ; Espinosa, Ana ; Barton, Sheila J. ; Inskip, Hazel M. ; Holloway, John W. ; Santa-Marina, Loreto ; Estivill, Xavier ; Ang, Wei ; Marsh, Julie A. ; Reichetzeder, Christoph ; Marullo, Letizia ; Hocher, Berthold ; Lunetta, Kathryn L. ; Murabito, Joanne M. ; Relton, Caroline L. ; Kogevinas, Manolis ; Chatzi, Leda ; Allard, Catherine ; Bouchard, Luigi ; Hivert, Marie-France ; Zhang, Ge ; Muglia, Louis J. ; Heikkinen, Jani ; Morgen, Camilla S. ; van Kampen, Antoine H. C. ; van Schaik, Barbera D. C. ; Mentch, Frank D. ; Langenberg, Claudia ; Scott, Robert A. ; Zhao, Jing Hua ; Hemani, Gibran ; Ring, Susan M. ; Bennett, Amanda J. ; Gaulton, Kyle J. ; Fernandez-Tajes, Juan ; van Zuydam, Natalie R. ; Medina-Gomez, Carolina ; de Haan, Hugoline G. ; Rosendaal, Frits R. ; Kutalik, Zoltán ; Marques-Vidal, Pedro ; Das, Shikta ; Willemsen, Gonneke ; Mbarek, Hamdi ; Müller-Nurasyid, Martina ; Standl, Marie ; Appel, Emil V. R. ; Fonvig, Cilius Esmann ; Trier, Caecilie ; van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M. ; Murcia, Mario ; Bustamante, Mariona ; Bonàs-Guarch, Sílvia ; Hougaard, David M. ; Mercader, Josep M. ; Linneberg, Allan ; Schraut, Katharina E. ; Lind, Penelope A. ; Medland, Sarah Elizabeth ; Shields, Beverley M. ; Knight, Bridget A. ; Chai, Jin-Fang ; Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope ; Bartels, Meike ; Sánchez, Friman ; Stokholm, Jakob ; Torrents, David ; Vinding, Rebecca K. ; Willems, Sara M. ; Atalay, Mustafa ; Chawes, Bo L. ; Kovacs, Peter ; Prokopenko, Inga ; Tuke, Marcus A. ; Yaghootkar, Hanieh ; Ruth, Katherine S. ; Jones, Samuel E. ; Loh, Po-Ru ; Murray, Anna ; Weedon, Michael N. ; Tönjes, Anke ; Stumvoll, Michael ; Michaelsen, Kim Fleischer ; Eloranta, Aino-Maija ; Lakka, Timo A. ; van Duijn, Cornelia M. ; Kiess, Wieland ; Koerner, Antje ; Niinikoski, Harri ; Pahkala, Katja ; Raitakari, Olli T. ; Jacobsson, Bo ; Zeggini, Eleftheria ; Dedoussis, George V. ; Teo, Yik-Ying ; Saw, Seang-Mei ; Montgomery, Grant W. ; Campbell, Harry ; Wilson, James F. ; Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M. ; Vrijheid, Martine ; de Geus, Eco J. C. N. ; Hayes, M. Geoffrey ; Kadarmideen, Haja N. ; Holm, Jens-Christian ; Beilin, Lawrence J. ; Pennell, Craig E. ; Heinrich, Joachim ; Adair, Linda S. ; Borja, Judith B. ; Mohlke, Karen L. ; Eriksson, Johan G. ; Widen, Elisabeth E. ; Hattersley, Andrew T. ; Spector, Tim D. ; Kaehoenen, Mika ; Viikari, Jorma S. ; Lehtimaeki, Terho ; Boomsma, Dorret I. ; Sebert, Sylvain ; Vollenweider, Peter ; Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. ; Bisgaard, Hans ; Bonnelykke, Klaus ; Murray, Jeffrey C. ; Melbye, Mads ; Nohr, Ellen A. ; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. ; Rivadeneira, Fernando ; Hofman, Albert ; Felix, Janine F. ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. ; Hansen, Torben ; Pisinger, Charlotta ; Vaag, Allan A. ; Pedersen, Oluf ; Uitterlinden, Andre G. ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; Power, Christine ; Hypponen, Elina ; Scholtens, Denise M. ; Lowe, William L. ; Smith, George Davey ; Timpson, Nicholas J. ; Morris, Andrew P. ; Wareham, Nicholas J. ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Grant, Struan F. A. ; Frayling, Timothy M. ; Lawlor, Debbie A. ; Njolstad, Pal R. ; Johansson, Stefan ; Ong, Ken K. ; McCarthy, Mark I. ; Perry, John R. B. ; Evans, David M. ; Freathy, Rachel M.
Birth weight variation is influenced by fetal and maternal genetic and non-genetic factors, and has been reproducibly associated with future cardio-metabolic health outcomes. In expanded genome-wide association analyses of own birth weight (n = 321,223) and offspring birth weight (n = 230,069 mothers), we identified 190 independent association signals (129 of which are novel). We used structural equation modeling to decompose the contributions of direct fetal and indirect maternal genetic effects, then applied Mendelian randomization to illuminate causal pathways. For example, both indirect maternal and direct fetal genetic effects drive the observational relationship between lower birth weight and higher later blood pressure: maternal blood pressure-raising alleles reduce offspring birth weight, but only direct fetal effects of these alleles, once inherited, increase later offspring blood pressure. Using maternal birth weight-lowering genotypes to proxy for an adverse intrauterine environment provided no evidence that it causally raises offspring blood pressure, indicating that the inverse birth weight-blood pressure association is attributable to genetic effects, and not to intrauterine programming.
Beaumont, Robin N. ; Warrington, Nicole M. ; Cavadino, Alana ; Tyrrell, Jessica ; Nodzenski, Michael ; Horikoshi, Momoko ; Geller, Frank ; Myhre, Ronny ; Richmond, Rebecca C. ; Paternoster, Lavinia ; Bradfield, Jonathan P. ; Kreiner-Moller, Eskil ; Huikari, Ville ; Metrustry, Sarah ; Lunetta, Kathryn L. ; Painter, Jodie N. ; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan ; Allard, Catherine ; Barton, Sheila J. ; Espinosa, Ana ; Marsh, Julie A. ; Potter, Catherine ; Zhang, Ge ; Ang, Wei ; Berry, Diane J. ; Bouchard, Luigi ; Das, Shikta ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Heikkinen, Jani ; Helgeland, Oyvind ; Hocher, Berthold ; Hofman, Albert ; Inskip, Hazel M. ; Jones, Samuel E. ; Kogevinas, Manolis ; Lind, Penelope A. ; Marullo, Letizia ; Medland, Sarah E. ; Murray, Anna ; Murray, Jeffrey C. ; Njolstad, Pal R. ; Nohr, Ellen A. ; Reichetzeder, Christoph ; Ring, Susan M. ; Ruth, Katherine S. ; Santa-Marina, Loreto ; Scholtens, Denise M. ; Sebert, Sylvain ; Sengpiel, Verena ; Tuke, Marcus A. ; Vaudel, Marc ; Weedon, Michael N. ; Willemsen, Gonneke ; Wood, Andrew R. ; Yaghootkar, Hanieh ; Muglia, Louis J. ; Bartels, Meike ; Relton, Caroline L. ; Pennell, Craig E. ; Chatzi, Leda ; Estivill, Xavier ; Holloway, John W. ; Boomsma, Dorret I. ; Montgomery, Grant W. ; Murabito, Joanne M. ; Spector, Tim D. ; Power, Christine ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Ritta ; Bisgaard, Hans ; Grant, Struan F. A. ; Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. ; Jacobsson, Bo ; Melbye, Mads ; McCarthy, Mark I. ; Hattersley, Andrew T. ; Hayes, M. Geoffrey ; Frayling, Timothy M. ; Hivert, Marie-France ; Felix, Janine F. ; Hypponen, Elina ; Lowe, William L. ; Evans, David M. ; Lawlor, Debbie A. ; Feenstra, Bjarke ; Freathy, Rachel M.
Genome-wide association studies of birth weight have focused on fetal genetics, whereas relatively little is known about the role of maternal genetic variation. We aimed to identify maternal genetic variants associated with birth weight that could highlight potentially relevant maternal determinants of fetal growth. We meta-analysed data on up to 8.7 million SNPs in up to 86 577 women of European descent from the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium and the UK Biobank. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) and analyses of mother-child pairs to quantify the separate maternal and fetal genetic effects. Maternal SNPs at 10 loci (MTNR1B, HMGA2, SH2B3, KCNAB1, L3MBTL3, GCK, EBF1, TCF7L2, ACTL9, CYP3A7) were associated with offspring birth weight at P< 5 x 10(-8). In SEM analyses, at least 7 of the 10 associations were consistent with effects of the maternal genotype acting via the intrauterine environment, rather than via effects of shared alleles with the fetus. Variants, or correlated proxies, at many of the loci had been previously associated with adult traits, including fasting glucose (MTNR1B, GCK and TCF7L2) and sex hormone levels (CYP3A7), and one (EBF1) with gestational duration. The identified associations indicate that genetic effects on maternal glucose, cytochrome P450 activity and gestational duration, and potentially on maternal blood pressure and immune function, are relevant for fetal growth. Further characterization of these associations in mechanistic and causal analyses will enhance understanding of the potentially modifiable maternal determinants of fetal growth, with the goal of reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with low and high birth weights.
Beaumont, Robin N. ; Warrington, Nicole M. ; Cavadino, Alana ; Tyrrell, Jessica ; Nodzenski, Michael ; Horikoshi, Momoko ; Geller, Frank ; Myhre, Ronny ; Richmond, Rebecca C. ; Paternoster, Lavinia ; Bradfield, Jonathan P. ; Kreiner-Møller, Eskil ; Huikari, Ville ; Metrustry, Sarah ; Lunetta, Kathryn L. ; Painter, Jodie N. ; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan ; Allard, Catherine ; Barton, Sheila J. ; Espinosa, Ana ; Marsh, Julie A. ; Potter, Catherine ; Zhang, Ge ; Ang, Wei ; Berry, Diane J. ; Bouchard, Luigi ; Das, Shikta ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Heikkinen, Jani ; Helgeland, Øyvind ; Hocher, Berthold ; Hofman, Albert ; Inskip, Hazel M. ; Jones, Samuel E. ; Kogevinas, Manolis ; Lind, Penelope A. ; Marullo, Letizia ; Medland, Sarah E. ; Murray, Anna ; Murray, Jeffrey C. ; Njølstad, Pa ̊l R. ; Nohr, Ellen A. ; Reichetzeder, Christoph ; Ring, Susan M. ; Ruth, Katherine S. ; Santa-Marina, Loreto ; Scholtens, Denise M. ; Sebert, Sylvain ; Sengpiel, Verena ; Tuke, Marcus A. ; Vaudel, Marc ; Weedon, Michael N. ; Willemsen, Gonneke ; Wood, Andrew R. ; Yaghootkar, Hanieh ; Muglia, Louis J. ; Bartels, Meike ; Relton, Caroline L. ; Pennell, Craig E. ; Chatzi, Leda ; Estivill, Xavier ; Holloway, John W. ; Boomsma, Dorret I. ; Montgomery, Grant W. ; Murabito, Joanne M. ; Spector, Tim D. ; Power, Christine ; Ja ̈rvelin, Marjo-Ritta ; Bisgaard, Hans ; Grant, Struan F.A. ; Sørensen, Thorkild I.A. ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. ; Jacobsson, Bo ; Melbye, Mads ; McCarthy, Mark I. ; Hattersley, Andrew T. ; Hayes, M. Geoffrey ; Frayling, Timothy M. ; Hivert, Marie-France ; Felix, Janine F. ; Hyppo ̈nen, Elina ; Lowe, William L. , Jr ; Evans, David M. ; Lawlor, Debbie A. ; Feenstra, Bjarke ; Freathy, Rachel M.
Genome-wide association studies of birth weight have focused on fetal genetics, whereas relatively little is known about the role of maternal genetic variation. We aimed to identify maternal genetic variants associated with birth weight that could highlight potentially relevant maternal determinants of fetal growth. We meta-analysed data on up to 8.7 million SNPs in up to 86 577 women of European descent from the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium and the UK Biobank. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) and analyses of mother–child pairs to quantify the separate maternal and fetal genetic effects. Maternal SNPs at 10 loci (MTNR1B, HMGA2, SH2B3, KCNAB1, L3MBTL3, GCK, EBF1, TCF7L2, ACTL9, CYP3A7) were associated with offspring birth weight at P < 5 Â 10 À8 . In SEM analyses, at least 7 of the 10 associations were consistent with effects of the maternal genotype acting via the intrauterine environment, rather than via effects of shared alleles with the fetus. Variants, or correlated proxies, at many of the loci had been previously associated with adult traits, including fasting glucose (MTNR1B, GCK and TCF7L2) and sex hormone levels (CYP3A7), and one (EBF1) with gestational duration. The identified associations indicate that genetic effects on maternal glucose, cytochrome P450 activity and gestational duration, and potentially on maternal blood pressure and immune function, are relevant for fetal growth. Further characterization of these associations in mechanistic and causal analyses will enhance understanding of the potentially modifiable maternal determinants of fetal growth, with the goal of reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with low and high birth weights.
Horikoshi, Momoko ; Yaghootkar, Hanieh ; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. ; Sovio, Ulla ; Taal, H. Rob ; Hennig, Branwen J. ; Bradfield, Jonathan P. ; St Pourcain, Beate ; Evans, David M. ; Charoen, Pimphen ; Kaakinen, Marika ; Cousminer, Diana L. ; Lehtimaki, Terho ; Kreiner-Moller, Eskil ; Warrington, Nicole M. ; Bustamante, Mariona ; Feenstra, Bjarke ; Berry, Diane J. ; Thiering, Elisabeth ; Pfab, Thiemo ; Barton, Sheila J. ; Shields, Beverley M. ; Kerkhof, Marjan ; van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M. ; Fulford, Anthony J. ; Kutalik, Zoltan ; Zhao, Jing Hua ; den Hoed, Marcel ; Mahajan, Anubha ; Lindi, Virpi ; Goh, Liang-Kee ; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan ; Wu, Ying ; Raitakari, Olli T. ; Harder, Marie N. ; Meirhaeghe, Aline ; Ntalla, Ioanna ; Salem, Rany M. ; Jameson, Karen A. ; Zhou, Kaixin ; Monies, Dorota M. ; Lagou, Vasiliki ; Kirin, Mirna ; Heikkinen, Jani ; Adair, Linda S. ; Alkuraya, Fowzan S. ; Al-Odaib, Ali ; Amouyel, Philippe ; Andersson, Ehm Astrid ; Bennett, Amanda J. ; Blakemore, Alexandra I. F. ; Buxton, Jessica L. ; Dallongeville, Jean ; Das, Shikta ; de Geus, Eco J. C. ; Estivill, Xavier ; Flexeder, Claudia ; Froguel, Philippe ; Geller, Frank ; Godfrey, Keith M. ; Gottrand, Frederic ; Groves, Christopher J. ; Hansen, Torben ; Hirschhorn, Joel N. ; Hofman, Albert ; Hollegaard, Mads V. ; Hougaard, David M. ; Hyppoenen, Elina ; Inskip, Hazel M. ; Isaacs, Aaron ; Jorgensen, Torben ; Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina ; Kemp, John P. ; Kiess, Wieland ; Kilpelainen, Tuomas O. ; Klopp, Norman ; Knight, Bridget A. ; Kuzawa, Christopher W. ; McMahon, George ; Newnham, John P. ; Niinikoski, Harri ; Oostra, Ben A. ; Pedersen, Louise ; Postma, Dirkje S. ; Ring, Susan M. ; Rivadeneira, Fernando ; Robertson, Neil R. ; Sebert, Sylvain ; Simell, Olli ; Slowinski, Torsten ; Tiesler, Carla M. T. ; Toenjes, Anke ; Vaag, Allan ; Viikari, Jorma S. ; Vink, Jacqueline M. ; Vissing, Nadja Hawwa ; Wareham, Nicholas J. ; Willemsen, Gonneke ; Witte, Daniel R. ; Zhang, Haitao ; Zhao, Jianhua ; Wilson, James F. ; Stumvoll, Michael ; Prentice, Andrew M. ; Meyer, Brian F. ; Pearson, Ewan R. ; Boreham, Colin A. G. ; Cooper, Cyrus ; Gillman, Matthew W. ; Dedoussis, George V. ; Moreno, Luis A. ; Pedersen, Oluf ; Saarinen, Maiju ; Mohlke, Karen L. ; Boomsma, Dorret I. ; Saw, Seang-Mei ; Lakka, Timo A. ; Koerner, Antje ; Loos, Ruth J. F. ; Ong, Ken K. ; Vollenweider, Peter ; van Duijn, Cornelia M. ; Koppelman, Gerard H. ; Hattersley, Andrew T. ; Holloway, John W. ; Hocher, Berthold ; Heinrich, Joachim ; Power, Chris ; Melbye, Mads ; Guxens, Monica ; Pennell, Craig E. ; Bonnelykke, Klaus ; Bisgaard, Hans ; Eriksson, Johan G. ; Widen, Elisabeth ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Uitterlinden, Andre G. ; Pouta, Anneli ; Lawlor, Debbie A. ; Smith, George Davey ; Frayling, Timothy M. ; McCarthy, Mark I. ; Grant, Struan F. A. ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; Timpson, Nicholas J. ; Prokopenko, Inga ; Freathy, Rachel M.
Birth weight within the normal range is associated with a variety of adult-onset diseases, but the mechanisms behind these associations are poorly understood(1). Previous genome-wide association studies of birth weight identified a variant in the ADCY5 gene associated both with birth weight and type 2 diabetes and a second variant, near CCNL1, with no obvious link to adult traits(2). In an expanded genome-wide association metaanalysis and follow-up study of birth weight (of up to 69,308 individuals of European descent from 43 studies), we have now extended the number of loci associated at genome-wide significance to 7, accounting for a similar proportion of variance as maternal smoking. Five of the loci are known to be associated with other phenotypes: ADCY5 and CDKAL1 with type 2 diabetes, ADRB1 with adult blood pressure and HMGA2 and LCORL with adult height. Our findings highlight genetic links between fetal growth and postnatal growth and metabolism.
Chipman, Ariel D. ; Ferrier, David E. K. ; Brena, Carlo ; Qu, Jiaxin ; Hughes, Daniel S. T. ; Schroeder, Reinhard ; Torres-Oliva, Montserrat ; Znassi, Nadia ; Jiang, Huaiyang ; Almeida, Francisca C. ; Alonso, Claudio R. ; Apostolou, Zivkos ; Aqrawi, Peshtewani ; Arthur, Wallace ; Barna, Jennifer C. J. ; Blankenburg, Kerstin P. ; Brites, Daniela ; Capella-Gutierrez, Salvador ; Coyle, Marcus ; Dearden, Peter K. ; Du Pasquier, Louis ; Duncan, Elizabeth J. ; Ebert, Dieter ; Eibner, Cornelius ; Erikson, Galina ; Evans, Peter D. ; Extavour, Cassandra G. ; Francisco, Liezl ; Gabaldon, Toni ; Gillis, William J. ; Goodwin-Horn, Elizabeth A. ; Green, Jack E. ; Griffiths-Jones, Sam ; Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P. ; Gubbala, Sai ; Guigo, Roderic ; Han, Yi ; Hauser, Frank ; Havlak, Paul ; Hayden, Luke ; Helbing, Sophie ; Holder, Michael ; Hui, Jerome H. L. ; Hunn, Julia P. ; Hunnekuhl, Vera S. ; Jackson, LaRonda ; Javaid, Mehwish ; Jhangiani, Shalini N. ; Jiggins, Francis M. ; Jones, Tamsin E. ; Kaiser, Tobias S. ; Kalra, Divya ; Kenny, Nathan J. ; Korchina, Viktoriya ; Kovar, Christie L. ; Kraus, F. Bernhard ; Lapraz, Francois ; Lee, Sandra L. ; Lv, Jie ; Mandapat, Christigale ; Manning, Gerard ; Mariotti, Marco ; Mata, Robert ; Mathew, Tittu ; Neumann, Tobias ; Newsham, Irene ; Ngo, Dinh N. ; Ninova, Maria ; Okwuonu, Geoffrey ; Ongeri, Fiona ; Palmer, William J. ; Patil, Shobha ; Patraquim, Pedro ; Pham, Christopher ; Pu, Ling-Ling ; Putman, Nicholas H. ; Rabouille, Catherine ; Ramos, Olivia Mendivil ; Rhodes, Adelaide C. ; Robertson, Helen E. ; Robertson, Hugh M. ; Ronshaugen, Matthew ; Rozas, Julio ; Saada, Nehad ; Sanchez-Gracia, Alejandro ; Scherer, Steven E. ; Schurko, Andrew M. ; Siggens, Kenneth W. ; Simmons, DeNard ; Stief, Anna ; Stolle, Eckart ; Telford, Maximilian J. ; Tessmar-Raible, Kristin ; Thornton, Rebecca ; van der Zee, Maurijn ; von Haeseler, Arndt ; Williams, James M. ; Willis, Judith H. ; Wu, Yuanqing ; Zou, Xiaoyan ; Lawson, Daniel ; Muzny, Donna M. ; Worley, Kim C. ; Gibbs, Richard A. ; Akam, Michael ; Richards, Stephen
Myriapods (e. g., centipedes and millipedes) display a simple homonomous body plan relative to other arthropods. All members of the class are terrestrial, but they attained terrestriality independently of insects. Myriapoda is the only arthropod class not represented by a sequenced genome. We present an analysis of the genome of the centipede Strigamia maritima. It retains a compact genome that has undergone less gene loss and shuffling than previously sequenced arthropods, and many orthologues of genes conserved from the bilaterian ancestor that have been lost in insects. Our analysis locates many genes in conserved macro-synteny contexts, and many small-scale examples of gene clustering. We describe several examples where S. maritima shows different solutions from insects to similar problems. The insect olfactory receptor gene family is absent from S. maritima, and olfaction in air is likely effected by expansion of other receptor gene families. For some genes S. maritima has evolved paralogues to generate coding sequence diversity, where insects use alternate splicing. This is most striking for the Dscam gene, which in Drosophila generates more than 100,000 alternate splice forms, but in S. maritima is encoded by over 100 paralogues. We see an intriguing linkage between the absence of any known photosensory proteins in a blind organism and the additional absence of canonical circadian clock genes. The phylogenetic position of myriapods allows us to identify where in arthropod phylogeny several particular molecular mechanisms and traits emerged. For example, we conclude that juvenile hormone signalling evolved with the emergence of the exoskeleton in the arthropods and that RR-1 containing cuticle proteins evolved in the lineage leading to Mandibulata. We also identify when various gene expansions and losses occurred. The genome of S. maritima offers us a unique glimpse into the ancestral arthropod genome, while also displaying many adaptations to its specific life history.
Tiscareno, Matthew S. ; Mitchell, Colin J. ; Murray, Carl D. ; Di Nino, Daiana ; Hedman, Matthew M. ; Schmidt, Jürgen ; Burns, Joseph A. ; Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. ; Porco, Carolyn C. ; Beurle, Kevin ; Evans, Michael W.
We report observations of dusty clouds in Saturn's rings, which we interpret as resulting from impacts onto the rings that occurred between 1 and 50 hours before the clouds were observed. The largest of these clouds was observed twice; its brightness and cant angle evolved in a manner consistent with this hypothesis. Several arguments suggest that these clouds cannot be due to the primary impact of one solid meteoroid onto the rings, but rather are due to the impact of a compact stream of Saturn-orbiting material derived from previous breakup of a meteoroid. The responsible interplanetary meteoroids were initially between 1 centimeter and several meters in size, and their influx rate is consistent with the sparse prior knowledge of smaller meteoroids in the outer solar system.
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