Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (117)
- Postprint (16)
- Other (5)
- Conference Proceeding (4)
- Preprint (2)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (1)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
- Review (1)
Keywords
- eye movements (15)
- Eye movements (12)
- scene viewing (9)
- attention (6)
- spatial frequencies (6)
- Reading (5)
- saccades (5)
- eye-movement control (4)
- Bayesian inference (3)
- Computational modelling (3)
- color (3)
- dynamical model (3)
- fixation locations (3)
- gaze-contingent displays (3)
- object search (3)
- reading (3)
- Computational modeling (2)
- Fixational eye movements (2)
- Mathematical model (2)
- Microsaccades (2)
- Perceptual span (2)
- Working memory (2)
- central and peripheral vision (2)
- central fixation bias (2)
- cognitive-control (2)
- corpus dataset (2)
- decision-theory (2)
- dynamical models (2)
- e-z reader (2)
- human behaviour (2)
- ideal-observer model (2)
- landing positions (2)
- microsaccade (2)
- microsaccades (2)
- mobile eye-tracking (2)
- modeling (2)
- psychology (2)
- real-world scenarios (2)
- saccade generation (2)
- saliency (2)
- scene memorization (2)
- scene perception (2)
- spatial statistics (2)
- tunnel vision (2)
- ADHD (1)
- Adaptive control (1)
- Assessment (1)
- Attention (1)
- Background texture (1)
- Bayesian estimation (1)
- Bayesian modeling (1)
- Bayesian sensorimotor (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- Cognitive eye movements (1)
- Computational models (1)
- Covert orienting (1)
- Dyslexia (1)
- Endogenous attention (1)
- Ensemble Kalman (1)
- Eye movements during reading (1)
- Fixation duration (1)
- Foveal load hypothesis (1)
- Gaze-contingent displays (1)
- Human behaviour (1)
- Inhibition of return (1)
- Initial Interview (1)
- Levels of processing (1)
- MCMC (1)
- Memory (1)
- Microsaccade (1)
- Mind wandering (1)
- Motor control (1)
- Motorik (1)
- Multisensory (1)
- Nichtlineare Dynamik (1)
- Parsing difficulty (1)
- Polyrhythmen (1)
- Posner cueing (1)
- Preview (1)
- Pronominal anaphora (1)
- Reading comprehension (1)
- Saccade latency (1)
- Saccade planning (1)
- Saccadic facilitation effect (1)
- Saliency (1)
- Scene viewing (1)
- Sentence comprehension (1)
- Sequential data assimilation (1)
- Serial recall (1)
- Short-term memory (1)
- Signal detection theory (1)
- Skipping (1)
- Spatial frequencies (1)
- Sport Psychology (1)
- Stochastic epidemic model (1)
- Superior colliculus (1)
- Surprisal (1)
- Sustained attention (1)
- Visual attention (1)
- Visual fixation (1)
- Visual scanpath (1)
- Visual search (1)
- Visual system (1)
- Visual working memory (1)
- Word boundaries (1)
- Z-reader model (1)
- Zoom lens model of attention (1)
- accuracy (1)
- audition (1)
- background texture (1)
- categorization (1)
- central and peripheral (1)
- central-tendency bias (1)
- computational modeling (1)
- control (1)
- distributed processing (1)
- dynamic models (1)
- eccentricity (1)
- eye movements and reading (1)
- filter (1)
- fixation (1)
- fixation duration (1)
- fixation durations (1)
- fixations (1)
- gaze (1)
- heartbeat (1)
- individual differences (1)
- individual differences; (1)
- influence (1)
- integration (1)
- interindividual differences (1)
- kognitive Prozesse (1)
- likelihood (1)
- likelihood function (1)
- mental chronometry (1)
- model (1)
- model comparison (1)
- model fitting (1)
- motor control (1)
- natural scenes (1)
- oculomotor (1)
- oculomotor control (1)
- pair correlation function (1)
- parafoveal-on-foveal effects (1)
- point process (1)
- psychophysics toolbox (1)
- range effect (1)
- reading eye movements (1)
- saccade latency (1)
- saccadic accuracy (1)
- saccadic facilitation effect (1)
- scleral search coils (1)
- sequential attention shifts (1)
- skipping (1)
- skipping costs/benefits (1)
- spatial correlations (1)
- swift (1)
- task (1)
- task dependence (1)
- task influence (1)
- tracking (1)
- video-oculography (1)
- vision (1)
- visual attention (1)
- visual scanpath (1)
- visual search (1)
- word recognition (1)
- words (1)
Institute
- Department Psychologie (119)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (15)
- Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften (6)
- Institut für Mathematik (5)
- Department Linguistik (2)
- Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften (2)
- Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät (2)
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Dynamik komplexer Systeme (2)
- Referat für Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit (2)
- Extern (1)
When we fixate our gaze on a stable object, our eyes move continuously with extremely small involuntary and autonomic movements, that even we are unaware of during their occurrence. One of the roles of these fixational eye movements is to prevent the adaptation of the visual system to continuous illumination and inhibit fading of the image. These random, small movements are restricted at long time scales so as to keep the target at the centre of the field of view. In addition, the synchronisation properties between both eyes are related to binocular coordination in order to provide stereopsis. We investigated the roles of different time scale behaviours, especially how they are expressed in the different spatial directions (vertical versus horizontal). We also tested the synchronisation between both eyes. Results show different scaling behaviour between horizontal and vertical movements. When the small ballistic movements, i.e., microsaccades, are removed, the scaling behaviour in both axes becomes similar. Our findings suggest that microsaccades enhance the persistence at short time scales mostly in the horizontal component and much less in the vertical component. We also applied the phase synchronisation decay method to study the synchronisation between six combinations of binocular fixational eye movement components. We found that the vertical-vertical components of right and left eyes are significantly more synchronised than the horizontal-horizontal components. These differences may be due to the need for continuously moving the eyes in the horizontal plane in order to match the stereoscopic image for different viewing distances.
An lterative algorithm for the estimation of the distribution of mislocated fixations during reading
(2007)
Messung von Blickbewegungen
(2006)
We explore the interaction between oculomotor control and language comprehension on the sentence level using two well-tested computational accounts of parsing difficulty. Previous work (Boston, Hale, Vasishth, & Kliegl, 2011) has shown that surprisal (Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008) and cue-based memory retrieval (Lewis & Vasishth, 2005) are significant and complementary predictors of reading time in an eyetracking corpus. It remains an open question how the sentence processor interacts with oculomotor control. Using a simple linking hypothesis proposed in Reichle, Warren, and McConnell (2009), we integrated both measures with the eye movement model EMMA (Salvucci, 2001) inside the cognitive architecture ACT-R (Anderson et al., 2004). We built a reading model that could initiate short Time Out regressions (Mitchell, Shen, Green, & Hodgson, 2008) that compensate for slow postlexical processing. This simple interaction enabled the model to predict the re-reading of words based on parsing difficulty. The model was evaluated in different configurations on the prediction of frequency effects on the Potsdam Sentence Corpus. The extension of EMMA with postlexical processing improved its predictions and reproduced re-reading rates and durations with a reasonable fit to the data. This demonstration, based on simple and independently motivated assumptions, serves as a foundational step toward a precise investigation of the interaction between high-level language processing and eye movement control.
In real-world scene perception, human observers generate sequences of fixations to move image patches into the high-acuity center of the visual field. Models of visual attention developed over the last 25 years aim to predict two-dimensional probabilities of gaze positions for a given image via saliency maps. Recently, progress has been made on models for the generation of scan paths under the constraints of saliency as well as attentional and oculomotor restrictions. Experimental research demonstrated that task constraints can have a strong impact on viewing behavior. Here, we propose a scan-path model for both fixation positions and fixation durations, which include influences of task instructions and interindividual differences. Based on an eye-movement experiment with four different task conditions, we estimated model parameters for each individual observer and task condition using a fully Bayesian dynamical modeling framework using a joint spatial-temporal likelihood approach with sequential estimation. Resulting parameter values demonstrate that model properties such as the attentional span are adjusted to task requirements. Posterior predictive checks indicate that our dynamical model can reproduce task differences in scan-path statistics across individual observers.
Portal Wissen = Excellence
(2023)
When something is not just good or very good, we often call it excellent. But what does that really mean? Coming from the Latin word “excellere,” it describes things, persons, or actions that are outstanding or superior and distinguish themselves from others. It cannot get any better. Excellence is the top choice for being the first or the best. Research is no exception.
At the university, you will find numerous exceptional researchers, outstanding projects, and, time and again, sensational findings, publications, and results. But is the University of Potsdam also excellent? A question that will certainly create a different stir in 2023 than it did perhaps 20 years ago. Since the launch of the Excellence Initiative in 2005, universities that succeed in winning the most comprehensive funding program for research in Germany have been considered – literally – excellent. Whether in the form of graduate schools, research clusters, or – since the program was continued in 2019 under the title “Excellence Strategy” – entire universities of excellence: Anyone who wants to be among the best research universities needs the seal of excellence.
The University of Potsdam is applying for funding with three cluster proposals in the recently launched new round of the “Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments.” One proposal comes from ecology and biodiversity research. The aim is to paint a comprehensive picture of ecological processes by examining the role of single individuals as well as the interactions among many species in an ecosystem to precisely determine the function of biodiversity. A second proposal has been submitted by the cognitive sciences. Here, the complex coexistence of language and cognition, development and learning, as well as motivation and behavior will be researched as a dynamic interrelation. The projects will include cooperation with the educational sciences to constantly consider linked learning and educational processes. The third proposal from the geo and environmental sciences concentrates on extreme and particularly devastating natural hazards and processes such as floods and droughts. The researchers examine these extreme events, focusing on their interaction with society, to be able to better assess the risks and damages they might involve and to initiate timely measures in the future.
“All three proposals highlight the excellence of our performance,” emphasizes University President Prof. Oliver Günther, Ph.D. “The outlines impressively document our commitment, existing research excellence, and the potential of the University of Potsdam as a whole. The fact that three powerful consortia have come together in different subject areas shows that we have taken a good step forward on our way to becoming one of the top German universities.”
In this issue, we are looking at what is in and behind these proposals: We talked to the researchers who wrote them. We asked them about their plans in case their proposals are successful and they bring a cluster of excellence to the university. But we also looked at the research that has led to the proposals, has long shaped the university’s profile, and earned it national and international recognition. We present a small selection of projects, methods, and researchers to illustrate why there really is excellent research in these proposals!
By the way, “excellence” is also not the end of the flagpole. After all, the adjective “excellent” even has a comparative and a superlative. With this in mind, I wish you the most excellent pleasure reading this issue!