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Spätholozäne Landschaftsentwicklung in Westchina : zwei Fallbeispiele aus der Provinz Qinghai
(2004)
Zusammenfassung Neuere archäologische Forschungsergebnisse belegen, dass seit der frühen Bronzezeit ein intensiver kultureller und wirtschaftlicher Austausch zwischen West- und Südostchina bestand. Es war anzunehmen, dass die Grundlage dieses Austausches vergleichsweise weit entwickelte Landnutzungsaktivitäten waren. Geoarchäologische Untersuchungen über die Umweltauswirkungen der bronzezeitlichen Landnutzung in Westchina fehlen bisher. An zwei Fallbeispielen in der Provinz Qinghai, den archäologischen Fundplätzen Lajia und Fengtai, wird aufgezeigt, dass dort die wirtschaftliche Wertschöpfung auf vergleichsweise intensiver Landnutzung basierte. Die damit verbundene Zerstörung der natürlichen Vegetation ermöglichte katastrophale Erosionsereignisse, die zum Niedergang beider Siedlungen führten. Abstract Late Holocene Landscape Development in Western China ; Two Case Studies from Qinghai Province Recent archaeological research results show that an intensive cultural as well as economic exchange took place between Western and South-Eastern China since early Bronze Age. It can be assumed, that the exchange based on comparatively well developed land use activities. Geo-archaeological investigations concerning the environmental impact of Bronze Time land use in Western China are missing so far. Two case studies about the archaeological sites Lajia and Fengtai located in Qinghai Province show, that the creation of economic value based on comparatively intensive land use. The associated clearing of natural vegetation caused disastrous erosion events, which led to the decline of both settlements.
Quantitative Analysen magmatischer Gesteine mittels reflexionsspektroskopischer Infrarot-Messungen
(2004)
The assessment and the significance of attachment in young children with Down-syndrome (DS) is scientifically controversial. Data from 16 young children with attachment classification at the mental age of 13-15 months (about 24 months chronological age) indicate meaningful relations between quality of attachment and behavior in Bayley test situations (IBR) during the first 5 years of life. Not until late in the preschool years was language and social- cognitive development of the securely attached children measurably advanced relative to that of insecurely attached children. It appears that quality of attachment is reflected first in children's social-emotional behavior and only later in developmental achievements
Deuteration effects on the vibronic structure of the emission and excitation spectra of triangular [4]phenylene (D3h[4]phenylene) were studied using laser-excited Shpolskii spectroscopy (LESS) in an octane matrix at 4.2 K. For correct assignment of the vibrational modes, the experimental results were compared with calculated frequencies (B3LYP/6-31G*). CH vibrations were identified by their characteristic isotopic shifts in the spectra of deuterated triangular [4]phenylenes. Two CC stretching modes, at 100 cm–1 and 1176 cm–1, suitable as probes for bond strength changes in the excited state, were identified. The isotope effect on the internal conversion rates of triangular [4]phenylene was evaluated from measurements of temperature dependent lifetime. Isotope dependency and the magnitude of the internal conversion rates indicate that internal conversion in triangular [4]phenylene is most likely induced by CH vibrations. The results obtained by LESS and lifetime measurements were compared with PM3 PECI calculations of the excited state structure. The theoretical results and the relation between ground and excited state vibration energies of the 1176 cm–1 probe vibration indicate a reduction of bond alternation of the central cyclohexatriene ring in the excited state.
Daniel Lerner’s „The Passing of Traditional Society“ of 1958 is still one of the most famous American studies in the field of modernization research. This article gives a deeper insight into the background of the emergence of the study. The author describes Lerner’s theoretical and empirical work and its connection to the policy of his time. A classic today in modernization theory, Lerner’s study was initially merely a request for the Voice of America to investigate the use of media in the Middle Eastern region –modernization or development did not yet play a significant role. The article shows how the direction of the study changed from its original intention into a political opinion research and thus into a political propaganda tool.
Objectives: Prevalence rates and sex differences in depression, anxiety, and eating disorders and associations with recalled childrearing practices. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on self-report scales: Questionnaire of Recalled Parental Rearing Behavior (German version of EMBU), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Fragebogen zur Depressionsdiagnostik nach DSM-IV (German version of the Inventory to Diagnose Depression), and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT). 707 university entrants with an average age of 20 years were tested. Results: Point prevalence rates of 6.2 % for depression, 5.2 % for anxiety disorders, and 6.9 % for eating disorders. Higher rates in females for all of the three disorders. Significant associations of sociodemographic and biographical factors with the recalled parental rearing behavior and mental disorders was found. After controlling the impact of factors such as sex, parental divorce, or the occurrence of chronic physical disease the recalled parental rearing behavior proved to be a significant variable especially for depression (lack of warmth by the father, rejection/punishment and control/overprotection by the mother), but also for anxiety (control/overprotection by the father and rejection/punishment by the mother) and eating disorders (control/overprotection by the mother)
Classical writers either glorified the Celts and their cult officials, the druids, thereby demonstrating "soft primitivism", or they vilified them ("hard primitivsm"). Both types of primitivism reflect the self-assessment of the classical cultures concerning their own identity and the level of their cultural status rather than providing hard-core information about Celts and druids. Outside the archaeological evidence there is no reliable information about these. And even the archaeological evidence is very much open to controversial interpretation This situation leave much room to personal speculation, high-flung imagination and even fantasy. TRI