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Business processes are regularly modified either to capture requirements from the organization’s environment or due to internal optimization and restructuring. Implementing the changes into the individual work routines is aided by change management tools. These tools aim at the acceptance of the process by and empowerment of the process executor. They cover a wide range of general factors and seldom accurately address the changes in task execution and sequence. Furthermore, change is only framed as a learning activity, while most obstacles to change arise from the inability to unlearn or forget behavioural patterns one is acquainted with. Therefore, this paper aims to develop and demonstrate a notation to capture changes in business processes and identify elements that are likely to present obstacles during change. It connects existing research from changes in work routines and psychological insights from unlearning and intentional forgetting to the BPM domain. The results contribute to more transparency in business process models regarding knowledge changes. They provide better means to understand the dynamics and barriers of change processes.
Faced with the triad of time-cost-quality, the realization of production tasks under economic conditions is not trivial. Since the number of Artificial-Intelligence-(AI)-based applications in business processes is increasing more and more nowadays, the efficient design of AI cases for production processes as well as their target-oriented improvement is essential, so that production outcomes satisfy high quality criteria and economic requirements. Both challenge production management and data scientists, aiming to assign ideal manifestations of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to a certain task. Faced with new attempts of ANN-based production process improvements [8], this paper continues research about the optimal creation, provision and utilization of ANNs. Moreover, it presents a mechanism for AI case-based reasoning for ANNs. Experiments clarify continuously improving ANN knowledge bases by this mechanism empirically. Its proof-of-concept is demonstrated by the example of four production simulation scenarios, which cover the most relevant use cases and will be the basis for examining AI cases on a quantitative level.
Konzeption, Erstellung und Evaluation von VR-Räumen für die betriebliche Weiterbildung in KMU
(2023)
Der Beitrag adressiert die Erstellung von Virtual-Reality gestützten (Lehr- und Lern-) Räumen für die betriebliche Weiterbildung im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes. Der damit verbundene Konzeptions- und Umsetzungsprozess ist mit verschiedenen Herausforderungen verbunden: einerseits ist Virtual-Reality ein vergleichsweise neues Lehr- und Lernmedium, womit wenig praktische Handreichungen zur praktischen Umsetzung existieren. Andererseits existieren theoretisch-konzeptionelle Ansätze zur Gestaltung digitaler Lehr- und Lernarrangements, die jedoch 1) oft Gefahr laufen, an den realen Bedürfnissen der Praxis „vorbei“ zu gehen und 2) zumeist nicht konkret Virtual-Reality bzw. damit verbundene Lehr- und Lernumgebungen adressieren. In dieser Folge sind Best-Practice Beispiele basierend auf erfolgreichen Umsetzungsvorhaben, die nachfolgenden Projekten als „Wegweiser“ dienen könnten, äußerst rar. Der Beitrag setzt an dieser Stelle an: basierend auf zwei real existierenden betrieblichen Anwendungsfällen aus den Bereichen Natursteinbearbeitung sowie Einzel- und Sondermaschinenbau werden Herausforderungen und Lösungswege des Erstellungsprozesses von Virtual-Reality gestützten (Lehr- und Lern-)Räumen beschrieben. Ebenfalls werden basierend auf den gemachten Projekterfahrungen Handlungsempfehlungen für die gelingende Konzeption, Umsetzung und Evaluation dieser Räume formuliert. Betriebliche Beschäftigte aus den Bereichen Aus- und Weiterbildung, Management oder Human Ressources, die in eigenen Projekten im Bereich Virtual Reality aktiv werden wollen, profitieren von den herausgestellten praktischen Handreichungen. Forschende Personen sollen Anregungen für weiterführende Forschungsvorhaben erhalten.
Accelerating knowledge
(2019)
As knowledge-intensive processes are often carried out in teams and demand for knowledge transfers among various knowledge carriers, any optimization in regard to the acceleration of knowledge transfers obtains a great economic potential. Exemplified with product development projects, knowledge transfers focus on knowledge acquired in former situations and product generations. An adjustment in the manifestation of knowledge transfers in its concrete situation, here called intervention, therefore can directly be connected to the adequate speed optimization of knowledge-intensive process steps. This contribution presents the specification of seven concrete interventions following an intervention template. Further, it describes the design and results of a workshop with experts as a descriptive study. The workshop was used to assess the practical relevance of interventions designed as well as the identification of practical success factors and barriers of their implementation.
Already successfully used products or designs, past projects or our own experiences can be the basis for the development of new products. As reference products or existing knowledge, it is reused in the development process and across generations of products. Since further, products are developed in cooperation, the development of new product generations is characterized by knowledge-intensive processes in which information and knowledge are exchanged between different kinds of knowledge carriers. The particular knowledge transfer here describes the identification of knowledge, its transmission from the knowledge carrier to the knowledge receiver, and its application by the knowledge receiver, which includes embodied knowledge of physical products. Initial empirical findings of the quantitative effects regarding the speed of knowledge transfers already have been examined. However, the factors influencing the quality of knowledge transfer to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge transfer in product development have not yet been examined empirically. Therefore, this paper prepares an experimental setting for the empirical investigation of the quality of knowledge transfers.
In nowadays production, fluctuations in demand, shortening product life-cycles, and highly configurable products require an adaptive and robust control approach to maintain competitiveness. This approach must not only optimise desired production objectives but also cope with unforeseen machine failures, rush orders, and changes in short-term demand. Previous control approaches were often implemented using a single operations layer and a standalone deep learning approach, which may not adequately address the complex organisational demands of modern manufacturing systems. To address this challenge, we propose a hyper-heuristics control model within a semi-heterarchical production system, in which multiple manufacturing and distribution agents are spread across pre-defined modules. The agents employ a deep reinforcement learning algorithm to learn a policy for selecting low-level heuristics in a situation-specific manner, thereby leveraging system performance and adaptability. We tested our approach in simulation and transferred it to a hybrid production environment. By that, we were able to demonstrate its multi-objective optimisation capabilities compared to conventional approaches in terms of mean throughput time, tardiness, and processing of prioritised orders in a multi-layered production system. The modular design is promising in reducing the overall system complexity and facilitates a quick and seamless integration into other scenarios.
This paper presents an exploratory study investigating the influence of the factors (1) intermediary participation, (2) decision-making authority, (3) position in the enterprise, and (4) experience in open innovation on the perception and assessment of the benefits and risks expected from participating in open innovation projects. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The result of this paper is an empirical evidence showing whether and how these factors affect the perception of potential benefits and risks expected within the context of open innovation project participation. Furthermore, the identified effects are discussed against the theory. Existing theory regarding the benefits and risks of open innovation is expanded by (1) finding that they are perceived mostly independently of the factors, (2) confirming the practical relevance of benefits and risks, and (3) enabling a finer distinction between their degrees of relevance according to respective contextual specifics.
Die Herstellung von Produkten bindet Energie sowie auch materielle Ressourcen. Viel zu langsam entwickeln sich sowohl das Bewusstsein der Konsumenten sowie der Produzenten als auch gesetzgebende Aktivitäten, um zu einem nachhaltigen Umgang mit den zur Verfügung stehenden Ressourcen zu gelangen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein lokaler Remanufacturing-Ansatz vorgestellt, der es ermöglicht, den Ressourcenverbrauch zu reduzieren, lokale Unternehmen zu fördern und effiziente Lösungen für die regionale Wieder- und Weiterverwendung von Gütern anzubieten.