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The development of new and better optimization and approximation methods for Job Shop Scheduling Problems (JSP) uses simulations to compare their performance. The test data required for this has an uncertain influence on the simulation results, because the feasable search space can be changed drastically by small variations of the initial problem model. Methods could benefit from this to varying degrees. This speaks in favor of defining standardized and reusable test data for JSP problem classes, which in turn requires a systematic describability of the test data in order to be able to compile problem adequate data sets. This article looks at the test data used for comparing methods by literature review. It also shows how and why the differences in test data have to be taken into account. From this, corresponding challenges are derived which the management of test data must face in the context of JSP research.
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Für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Unternehmen hat der Kontinuierliche Verbesserungsprozess (KVP) eine hohe Bedeutung. Hinsichtlich der Qualität und Quantität der Beiträge für den KVP durch die Mitarbeitenden stoßen Unternehmen, insbesondere KMU, jedoch auf vielfältige Herausforderungen. Diesen Problemen können Unternehmen durch das KVP-Tool begegnen, welches im Projekt „Adaptive Spielifizierung im KVP“ entwickelt wird. Durch die Digitalisierung und Spielifizierung des Prozes- ses im KVP-Tool wird die kontinuierliche Beteiligung nachhaltig durch intrinsische Anreize gefördert. Die Neuartigkeit des Projektes ergibt sich aus der Adaptivität der Spielifizierung, also die Wechselwirkung zu den Nutzenden. Dabei werden zwei Aspekte fokussiert: unterschiedliche Spielertypen und Marktdynamik.
The development of new and better optimization and approximation methods for Job Shop Scheduling Problems (JSP) uses simulations to compare their performance. The test data required for this has an uncertain influence on the simulation results, because the feasable search space can be changed drastically by small variations of the initial problem model. Methods could benefit from this to varying degrees. This speaks in favor of defining standardized and reusable test data for JSP problem classes, which in turn requires a systematic describability of the test data in order to be able to compile problem adequate data sets. This article looks at the test data used for comparing methods by literature review. It also shows how and why the differences in test data have to be taken into account. From this, corresponding challenges are derived which the management of test data must face in the context of JSP research.
Modern production infrastructures of globally operating companies usually consist of multiple distributed production sites. While the organization of individual sites consisting of Industry 4.0 components itself is demanding, new questions regarding the organization and allocation of resources emerge considering the total production network. In an attempt to face the challenge of efficient distribution and processing both within and across sites, we aim to provide a hybrid simulation approach as a first step towards optimization. Using hybrid simulation allows us to include real and simulated concepts and thereby benchmark different approaches with reasonable effort. A simulation concept is conceptualized and demonstrated qualitatively using a global multi-site example.
Existing factories face multiple problems due to their hierarchical structure of decision making and control. Cyber-physical systems principally allow to increase the degree of autonomy to new heights. But which degree of autonomy is really useful and beneficiary? This paper differentiates diverse definitions of autonomy and approaches to determine them. Some experimental findings in a lab environment help to answer the question raised in this paper.
Dieses Buch bietet eine Einführung in die Wirtschaftsinformatik in kommentierter Form. Es richtet sich in erster Linie an Studierende der Betriebswirtschaftslehre und der Wirtschaftsinformatik.
Band 1 beinhaltet eine Betrachtung der nachfolgenden Themenpunkte: Der erste Abschnitt gibt eine Einführung in die Bedeutung der Wirtschaftsinformatik als Wissenschaftsfach und damit verbunden in ihre praktische Anwendungsorientierung. Der folgende Abschnitt liefert einen Überblick über die der Informatik zugrunde liegenden Konzepte und Techniken von Computer-Hardware und -Software sowie Begriffsbestimmungen und Beschreibungsmerkmale der Daten, Datenhaltung und -speicherung. Ein weiterer Abschnitt ist dem Komplex Netzwerke und Internet gewidmet. In kompakter Form werden Grundlagen der Netze und Netzwerkdienste erklärt. Das Thema Datenmodellierung bildet den Schwerpunkt dieses Bandes. Die Vorgehensweise zur Erstellung und Bearbeitung von Modellen wird in sehr ausführlicher Form dargelegt. Den Abschluss bildet die Verbindung zwischen Datenbanken und betrieblichen Anwedungssystemen.
Dieses Buch bietet eine Einführung in die Wirtschaftsinformatik in kommentierter Form. Es richtet sich in erster Linie an Studierende der Betriebswirtschaftslehre und der Wirtschaftsinformatik. Zu Beginn dieses Bandes wird eine Einführung in die Funktionalität einer Oracle-Datenbank am Beispiel der Version Oracle 10g XE als frei verfügbare Version des relationalen Datenbanksystems Oracle 10g gegeben. Der thematische Schwerpunkt im Band 2, die Datenbankabfragesprache SQL, baut auf dem Teil der Datenmodellierung des Bandes 1 auf. Zum besseren Verständnis der Zusammenhänge ist ein durchgehend verwendbares Beispiel gewählt worden. An Hand dieses Beispiels werden sowohl Begriffe als auch Zusammenhänge in der Umsetzung vom relationalen Datenmodell zur Datenbank erläutert. Im Detail werden sowohl Syntax als auch Semantik der Datenbeschreibungssprache SQL erläutert.
Audit - and then what?
(2019)
Current trends such as digital transformation, Internet of Things, or Industry 4.0 are challenging the majority of learning factories. Regardless of whether a conventional learning factory, a model factory, or a digital learning factory, traditional approaches such as the monotonous execution of specific instructions don‘t suffice the learner’s needs, market requirements as well as especially current technological developments. Contemporary teaching environments need a clear strategy, a road to follow for being able to successfully cope with the changes and develop towards digitized learning factories. This demand driven necessity of transformation leads to another obstacle: Assessing the status quo and developing and implementing adequate action plans. Within this paper, details of a maturity-based audit of the hybrid learning factory in the Research and Application Centre Industry 4.0 and a thereof derived roadmap for the digitization of a learning factory are presented.
Subject-oriented learning
(2019)
The transformation to a digitized company changes not only the work but also social context for the employees and requires inter alia new knowledge and skills from them. Additionally, individual action problems arise. This contribution proposes the subject-oriented learning theory, in which the employees´ action problems are the starting point of training activities in learning factories. In this contribution, the subject-oriented learning theory is exemplified and respective advantages for vocational training in learning factories are pointed out both theoretically and practically. Thereby, especially the individual action problems of learners and the infrastructure are emphasized as starting point for learning processes and competence development.
Industry 4.0, based on increasingly progressive digitalization, is a global phenomenon that affects every part of our work. The Internet of Things (IoT) is pushing the process of automation, culminating in the total autonomy of cyber-physical systems. This process is accompanied by a massive amount of data, information, and new dimensions of flexibility. As the amount of available data increases, their specific timeliness decreases. Mastering Industry 4.0 requires humans to master the new dimensions of information and to adapt to relevant ongoing changes. Intentional forgetting can make a difference in this context, as it discards nonprevailing information and actions in favor of prevailing ones. Intentional forgetting is the basis of any adaptation to change, as it ensures that nonprevailing memory items are not retrieved while prevailing ones are retained. This study presents a novel experimental approach that was introduced in a learning factory (the Research and Application Center Industry 4.0) to investigate intentional forgetting as it applies to production routines. In the first experiment (N = 18), in which the participants collectively performed 3046 routine related actions (t1 = 1402, t2 = 1644), the results showed that highly proceduralized actions were more difficult to forget than actions that were less well-learned. Additionally, we found that the quality of cues that trigger the execution of routine actions had no effect on the extent of intentional forgetting.
Willentliches Vergessen
(2019)
Dieser Beitrag im Journal Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. stellt dar, wie willentliches Vergessen die Anpassung an notwendige Veränderungen für Individuen, Gruppen und Organisationen verbessert und wie willentliches Vergessen bewusst und gezielt gestaltet werden kann.
Damit Verhalten in Folge einer notwendigen Veränderung angepasst wird, reicht es nicht aus, dass Menschen wissen was zu tun ist, willens und in der Lage sind ihr Verhalten zu verändern. Eine Veränderung gelingt nur dann, wenn nur noch das neue Verhalten zur Anwendung kommt und nicht mehr das Alte, wenn das alte Verhalten vergessen wird. Der notwendige Prozess des willentlichen Vergessens ist durch Entfernen von Hinweisreizen, die die Erinnerung des zu Vergessenden und durch Platzierung von Hinweisreizen, die die Aktivierung des Neuen auslösen, gestaltbar.
Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die förderliche Wirkung von Hinweisreizen auf willentliches Vergessen dar, stellt sie im Rahmen des Berichts einer experimentellen Studie unter Beweis und gibt praktische Implikationen, wie für Individuen, Gruppen und Organisationen willentliches Vergessen gestaltet werden kann.
Accelerating knowledge
(2019)
As knowledge-intensive processes are often carried out in teams and demand for knowledge transfers among various knowledge carriers, any optimization in regard to the acceleration of knowledge transfers obtains a great economic potential. Exemplified with product development projects, knowledge transfers focus on knowledge acquired in former situations and product generations. An adjustment in the manifestation of knowledge transfers in its concrete situation, here called intervention, therefore can directly be connected to the adequate speed optimization of knowledge-intensive process steps. This contribution presents the specification of seven concrete interventions following an intervention template. Further, it describes the design and results of a workshop with experts as a descriptive study. The workshop was used to assess the practical relevance of interventions designed as well as the identification of practical success factors and barriers of their implementation.