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This book offers a clear, critical, and comprehensive overview of theoretical and experimental work on information structure. Different chapters examine the main theories of information structure in syntax, phonology, and semantics as well as perspectives from psycholinguistics and other relevant fields. Following the editors’ introduction the book is divided into four parts. The first, on theories of and theoretical perspectives on information structure, includes chapters on topic, prosody, and implicature. Part II covers a range of current issues in the field, including focus, quantification, and sign languages, while Part III is concerned with experimental approaches to information structure, including processes involved in its acquisition and comprehension. The final part contains a series of linguistic case studies drawn from a wide variety of the world’s language families
Recht und Psychologie – zwei Materien, die sich in kaum einem Lebensbereich so unmittelbar begegnen wie im Sport. Ein Charakteristikum des modernen Profifußballs liegt in der affektiven und spekulativen Dimension des Sportspiels Fußball. Das Verhalten aller unmittelbar und mittelbar Beteiligten ist psychologischen Einflüssen ausgesetzt, die zu Sondersituationen führen. Das betrifft die Vereine mit Spielern und Organen ebenso wie die Verbände als Organisatoren des Spielbetriebs und die Zuschauer. Die rechtliche Gestaltung und Beurteilung muss auf die psychologischen Implikationen und deren Rahmenbedingungen (Leistungsdruck, Medienaufmerksamkeit, Begeisterung, Zufall) spezifisch reagieren und das psychologische Moment mit aufnehmen.
Auf der Potsdamer Tagung wurden praxisorientierte Problemfragen aus dem Bereich des nationalen und internationalen Sportrechts zur Diskussion gestellt. Die Referenten haben in kurzen Referaten Rechtsprobleme aus ihrer Praxis, Ideen und Thesen dazu präsentiert und diese im Plenum diskutieren lassen. Die aufschlussreichen Ergebnisse enthält der vorliegende Tagungsband.
Diskussionsbericht zum Vortrag von Werner Schroeder „Ablösesummen und Spielertransfer nach Bosman‘‘
(2016)
Der Sportrechtevermarktungsvertrag als Gewinnabschöpfungsmodell bei Fußballvereinen in der Krise
(2016)
Drawbacks of proactivity
(2016)
The benefit of proactive work behaviors for performance-related outcomes has been well established. However, this approach to studying proactivity has not yet acknowledged its potential implications for the actor’s well-being. Drawing on the fact that resources at work are limited and that the workplace is a social system characterized by interdependencies, we proposed that daily proactivity could have a negative effect on daily well-being. We furthermore proposed that this effect should be mediated by work overload and negative affect. We conducted a daily diary study (N = 72) to test the potential negative effects of proactivity on daily well-being. Data was collected across 3 consecutive work days. During several daily measurement occasions, participants reported proactivity, work overload, negative affect, and fatigue. They also provided 4 saliva samples per day, from which cortisol was assayed. Based on the 4 samples, a measure of daily cortisol output was produced. Multilevel analyses showed that daily proactivity was positively associated with higher daily cortisol output. The positive association of daily proactivity with bedtime fatigue was marginally significant. There was no support for a mediating effect of work overload and negative affect. Implications for theory-building on the proactivity–well-being link are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
The onset of modern central Asian atmospheric circulation is traditionally linked to the interplay of surface uplift of the Mongolian and Tibetan-Himalayan orogens, retreat of the Paratethys sea from central Asia and Cenozoic global cooling. Although the role of these players has not yet been unravelled, the vast dust deposits of central China support the presence of arid conditions and modern atmospheric pathways for the last 25 million years (Myr). Here, we present provenance data from older (42-33 Myr) dust deposits, at a time when the Tibetan Plateau was less developed, the Paratethys sea still present in central Asia and atmospheric pCO(2) much higher. Our results show that dust sources and near-surface atmospheric circulation have changed little since at least 42 Myr. Our findings indicate that the locus of central Asian high pressures and concurrent aridity is a resilient feature only modulated by mountain building, global cooling and sea retreat.
In this study, we investigated the scale sizes of equatorial plasma irregularities (EPIs) using measurements from the Swarm satellites during its early mission and final constellation phases. We found that with longitudinal separation between Swarm satellites larger than 0.4°, no significant correlation was found any more. This result suggests that EPI structures include plasma density scale sizes less than 44 km in the zonal direction. During the Swarm earlier mission phase, clearly better EPI correlations are obtained in the northern hemisphere, implying more fragmented irregularities in the southern hemisphere where the ambient magnetic field is low. The previously reported inverted-C shell structure of EPIs is generally confirmed by the Swarm observations in the northern hemisphere, but with various tilt angles. From the Swarm spacecrafts with zonal separations of about 150 km, we conclude that larger zonal scale sizes of irregularities exist during the early evening hours (around 1900 LT).