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This volume discusses the impact of human rights law on other fields of international law. Does international human rights law modify other fields of international law? Contributions focus on possible spillover effects of human rights on international economic or international criminal law. Does international human rights law have a streamlining effect on international law as a whole? This might be identified as a process of constitutionalisation. In this book, human rights can be understood as one of the core principles of international legal order and thus have an effect on the general law of treaties or on the settlement of disputes.
Although human rights law is a relatively young field of international law, its content and core values today are of major importance for the interpretation of international law as a whole. As we witness a redefinition of sovereignty as a responsibility of states towards the people and a shift to greater relevance of the individual in international law in general, it is a logical consequence that human rights have an impact on other areas of international law.
The in-memory revolution
(2015)
This book describes the next generation of business applications enabled by SAP's in-memory database, SAP HANA. In particular, the authors show the substantial changes introduced in S4/HANA by switching to SAP HANA. Using numerous examples and use cases from the authors' wealth of real-world experience, it illustrates the quantum leap in performance made possible by the new technology. The book is written by two of the most prominent actors in the area of business application systems: Hasso Plattner, co-founder of SAP and inaugurator of the Hasso Plattner Institute at the University of Potsdam, and Bernd Leukert, member of the Executive Board and the Global Managing Board of SAP. This clearly structured, highly illustrated book takes an exciting new technology and presents the practicality and success of first mover applications.
This paper reviews theoretical and empirical evidence of asset price movements impact on the real economic activity. A key channel is the wealth effect on consumption. Fluctuations in stock prices and housing prices influence the households wealth and could have important impacts on households consumption. In addition, stock prices may affect corporate sector investments and property prices may affect building activity. Here, the method of cointegration is used to estimate the wealth effect and the investment effect in aggregate time series for Germany after the Reunification in 1990. Moreover, we discuss the role of asset prices in the monetary policy strategy of the ECB.
The ill-posed inversion of multiwavelength lidar data by a hybrid method of variable projection
(1999)
In ihren Beiträgen verbinden die Autoren grundsätzliche philosophische Überlegungen zur grundlegenden Bedeutung von Menschenwürde für die Menschenrechte mit konkreteren Forderungen, wie mit der Befriedigung lebensnotwendiger Bedürfnisse umzugehen und was zur Beendigung von Armut notwendig ist. Ihre rechtlichen und politischen Argumente stützen sich auf jüngere Rechtsprechung regionaler Gerichtshöfe und internationaler Menschenrechtsorgane. Sie berufen sich auf die Verpflichtungsdimensionen der Menschenrechte und fragen nach der Verantwortlichkeit für deren Umsetzung. Die Autorinnen kommen aus Universitäten in Deutschland, der Schweiz, den Niederlanden und dem Vereinigten Königreich.
The homotopy classification and the index of boundary value problems for general elliptic operators
(1999)
West of Potsdam’s city center lies the Golm Campus, the largest campus of the University of Potsdam. Its different buildings tell of the numerous institutions that were established at this site over the years: From the mid-1930s, the Walther Wever Barracks were located here. From 1943, it housed the Air Intelligence Division of the German Airforce Supreme Commander. In 1951, a training institution of the Ministry of State Security moved in, which existed until 1989 under different names. In July 1991, the newly founded University of Potsdam took over the premises, which are now part of the Potsdam-Golm Science Park.
The book takes you on a historic journey of the place and invites you to take a walk across today’s campus. The book includes over 110 photos and a detailed map.
This book presents new research results on the challenges of local politics in different European countries, including Germany, the Netherlands, the Nordic countries and Switzerland, together with theoretical considerations on the further development and strengthening of local self-government. It focuses on analyses of the most recent developments in local democracy and administration. “Most ‘local government’ books are written by believers. This book is different for its realistic visions of futures of local government. It shows how autonomy, digitalization, marketization, and amalgamation could be functional or dysfunctional, and also how this is affected by links to politics, and impacted by intergovernmental relations. This is a must read for all believers in local government.” —Geert Bouckaert, KU Leuven Public Governance Institute, Belguim “The twenty chapters of this book provide a timely and thought-provoking addition to our understanding of local self-governance in eight countries in Northern and Central Europe. This book was completed shortly before the Corona-crisis crashed in. But the lessons to be learned from this volume will doubtlessly prove important in fully exploiting local government’s potential in facing the challenges of the difficult times ahead.” —Bas Denters, Professor of Public Administration, University of Twente, Netherlands “Very inspiring book that covers the most important aspects of local self-government within a comparative framework. As we might have expected, there is no general trend, no single best model but a variety of functionally equivalent settings and patterns. The book gives insight into the diversity and richness of local government, its very essence, actual challenges and transformations, and puts subnational policy making in a multi-level perspective of governance.” —Andreas Ladner, Professor for Political Institutions and Public Administration at the IDHEAP, University of Lausanne, Switzerland “Covering eight countries, this ambitious volume compares developments in local governments across Europe. Local governments are on the front-line when it comes to responding to wicked issues like climate change and migration, yet face major challenges in terms of financial and human resources. Using rich empirical evidence, the volume presents a nuanced analysis of trends. No one direction emerges for Europe’s local governments, but a rich seam of innovation is revealed covering political participation and public administration alike. Local governments have the potential to engage citizens in meaningful ways and deliver effective and responsive services, but this requires clear local leadership and support rather direction from the centre.”
This book explores the cultural and religious politics of the contemporary food movement, starting from the example of Jewish foodies, their zeal for pig (forbidden by Jewish law), and their talk about why ignoring traditional precepts around food is desirable. Focusing on the thought of Michael Pollan, Jonathan Schorsch questions the modernist, materialist and rationalist worldview of many foodies and discusses a lack of attention to culture, tradition, and religion.
Creating fonts is a complex task that requires expert knowledge in a variety of domains. Often, this knowledge is not held by a single person, but spread across a number of domain experts. A central concept needed for designing fonts is the glyph, an elemental symbol representing a readable character. Required domains include designing glyph shapes, engineering rules to combine glyphs for complex scripts and checking legibility. This process is most often iterative and requires communication in all directions. This report outlines a platform that aims to enhance the means of communication, describes our prototyping process, discusses complex font rendering and editing in a live environment and an approach to generate code based on a user’s live-edits.
During the phases of mobile warfare, the ethnically and religiously very heterogeneous population in the border regions of the multi-ethnic empires suffered in particular. Even if the real military situation in the course of the war hardly gave cause for concern, the image of disloyal ethnic and national minorities was widespread. This was particularly the case when ethnic groups lived on both sides of the border and social and political tensions had already established themselves along ethnic or religious lines of conflict before the war. Displacements, deportations and mass violence were the result. The genocide of the Armenian population is the most extreme example of this development. This anthology examines the border regions of the Ottoman, Russian and Habsburg empires during the First World War with regard to radical population policy and genocidal violence from a comparative perspective in order to draw a more precise picture of escalating and deescalating factors.
Since spring 2014 the relations between the EU and Russia are stuck in an Ice Age. From a Western point of view, especially the annexation of Crimea by Russia and the intervention in the conflict in Ukraine are responsible. The EU has frozen their relations to Russia and applied sanctions against it. Russia reacted in the same way. Can this vicious circle be broken without betraying the values of the EU? This book presents the analysis and ideas of social scientists from Germany, Poland and Russia. The reasons for this crisis are seen quite differently but all try to find a way out of the current confrontation.
The Eu Timescape
(2012)
The equivalence of Darmois-Israel- and distributional-method for thin shells in general relavitity
(1996)
Content: I. The nature and form of international law 1. The acceptance of the existence of an international legal order 2. The legal position of the individual in international law II. Obligations of states in the protection of international human rights 1. Treaty-based human rights obligations 2. The nature of treaty-based human rights obligations 3. The ”absolute” and ”objective” character of human rights treaty obligations 4. Human rights conventions as self-contained regimes 5. The problem of characterisation of human rights obligations of states III. Human rights obligations arising from general principles of international law 1. Obligations erga omnes and human rights norms 2. The outlawing of genocide as obligation erga omnes 3. Protection from slavery as obligation erga omnes 4. The outlawing of acts of aggression as obligation erga omnes 5. Protection from racial discrimination as obligation erga omnes 6. The basic rights of the human person as obligation erga omnes 7. Jus Cogens and the search for peremptory norms of human rights 8. International crimes and human rights norms 9. The relationship between the concepts: erga omnes, jus cogens, international crime and human rights IV. International instruments for the coercive enforcement of state obligations to ‘respect and ensure’ human rights 1. Countermeasures as consequences of breach of treaties in international law 2. Application of reprisals for the enforcement of treaty-based human rights obligations 3. Intervention for the protection of human rights in international law 4. Intervention by the Security Council for the protection of human rights: the situation before the East-West détente 5. Humanitarian intervention after the end of the Cold War 6. The legal nature of ECOWAS intervention in the Liberian Civil War 7. The legality of NATO’s intervention in Kosovo 8. Some instances of intervention with mixed motives V. Non-forceful measures for the enforcement of states’ human rights obligations 1. Economic and financial pressure as means of enforcing states’ obligation to respect and observe human rights 2. The application of the clausula rebus sic stantibus for the protection of human rights 3. The enforcement of human rights through the World Bank 4. The enforcement of human rights through the ILO 5. Diplomatic recognition as an instrument for securing a state's respect and promotion of human rights 6. Refusal to comply with an extradition agreement as a means of enforcing a state’s human rights obligations 7. Denial of immunity as a means of enforcing a state’s human rights obligations 8. Publicity as an instrument for the enforcement of human rights VI. Judicial enforcement of state obligations to ‘respect and ensure’ human rights 1. Enforcement of human rights through International Criminal Tribunals 2. The International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia 3. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 4. The International Special Court of Sierra Leone Résumé
After promising beginnings towards transformation, in 1991 the Bulgarian economy fell into deep crisis in the period from 1995 to 1997. Social policy, already overstrained due to the demands of transition, was unable to cope effectively with the rapidly spreading state of emergency. The following essay analyses the development of the social indicators and instruments of social security in the years 1990 to 1998. In addition to unemployment and unemployment insurance, the issue of pensions and poverty will also be examined.
The effect of worker representation on employment bebaviour in Germany: another case of -2.5%
(2004)
In current practice, business processes modeling is done by trained method experts. Domain experts are interviewed to elicit their process information but not involved in modeling. We created a haptic toolkit for process modeling that can be used in process elicitation sessions with domain experts. We hypothesize that this leads to more effective process elicitation. This paper brakes down "effective elicitation" to 14 operationalized hypotheses. They are assessed in a controlled experiment using questionnaires, process model feedback tests and video analysis. The experiment compares our approach to structured interviews in a repeated measurement design. We executed the experiment with 17 student clerks from a trade school. They represent potential users of the tool. Six out of fourteen hypotheses showed significant difference due to the method applied. Subjects reported more fun and more insights into process modeling with tangible media. Video analysis showed significantly more reviews and corrections applied during process elicitation. Moreover, people take more time to talk and think about their processes. We conclude that tangible media creates a different working mode for people in process elicitation with fun, new insights and instant feedback on preliminary results.
The aim of the work was to present the results of the analyses economic standing of the partnership companies which lease agricultural real estate from Agricultural Property Agency of State Treasury (APA) in 1996 and 1997. The analyses proved poor economic condition of the firms under investigation and especially their low level of stabilisation (the index of total debt was in 1996 equal to 0.88 and in 1997 to 0.96) and the low level of their solvency.
The development of the Polish telecommunications administration in the years 1989/90 to 2003 is marked by the processes of liberalisation and privatisation the telecommunications sector underwent during that period. The gradual liberalisation of the Polish telecommunications sector started as early as 1992. In the beginning, national strategies were pursued. The most important of these was the creation of a bipolar market structure in the local area networks. In the second half of the 1990ies the approaching EU membership accelerated the process of liberalisation and consequently the development of a framework of regulations. EU standards are more directed towards setting out a legal framework for regulation than prescribing concrete details of administrative organisation. Nevertheless, the independent regulatory agencies typical for Western Europe served as a model for the introduction of a new regulatory body responsible for the telecommunications sector in Poland. The growing influence of EU legislation changed telecommunications policy as well as administrative practices. There has been a shift of responsibilities from the ministry to the regulatory agency, but the question remains, if the agency gained enough power to fulfil its regulatory function. In the following the legislative framework created by the EU in telecommunications policy will be described and the model of independent regulatory agencies, as it is typical for most EU countries, will be introduced. Some categories for the analysis of the Polish regulatory system will be deduced from the discussion on the regulations of telecommunication in the established EU-Nations (see Böllhoff 2002 and 2003, Thatcher 2002a and 2002b, Thatcher/Stone Sweet 2002). Subsequently the basic features of Polish telecommunication policies in the 1990ies and its effects on the telecommunications sector will be outlined. In the third chapter the development of organisational structures on the ministerial level and within the regulatory agency will be examined. In the forth chapter I will look at the distribution of power and the coordination of the various authorities responsible for telecommunication regulations. The focus of this chapter is on the Polish regulatory agency and its relationships with the ministry, with the anti-monopoly office and with the Broadcasting and Television Council. In a conclusion, the main findings will be summed up.
The decolonizing pen : cultural diversity and the transnational imaginary in Rushdieïs fiction
(2001)
Despite its many challenges and limitations the concept of in situ upgrading of informal settlements has become one of the most favoured approaches to the housing crisis in the ‘Global South’. Due to its inherent principles of incremental in situ development, prevention of relocations, protection of local livelihoods and democratic participation and cooperation, this approach is often perceived to be more sustainable than other housing approaches that often rely on quantitative housing delivery and top down planning methodologies. While this study does not question the benefits of the in situ upgrading approach, it seeks to identify problems of its practical implementation within a specific national and local context. The study discusses the origin and importance of this approach on the basis of a review of international housing policy development and analyses the broader political and social context of the incorporation of this approach into South African housing policy. It further uses insights from a recent case study in Cape Town to determine complications and conflicts that can arise when applying in situ upgrading of informal settlements in a complex local context. On that basis benefits and limitations of the in situ upgrading approach are specified and prerequisites for its successful implementation formulated.
This collection contains 13 papers presented in the workshop on the "The Celtic Languages in Contact" organised by Hildegard L. C. Tristram at the XIII International Celtic Congress in Bonn (Germany), July 23rd - 27th, 2007. The authors of two papers from another section also contributed their papers to this volume, as they deal with closely related issues. The time-span covered ranges from potential pre-historic contacts of Celtic with Altaic languages or Nostratic cognates in Celtic, through the hypothesis of Afro-Asiatic as a possible substrate for Celtic, Latin and Gaulish contacts in Gaul, the impact of Vulgar Latin on the formation of the Insular Celtic Languages as a linguistic area (Sprachbund), to various contact scenarios involving the modern Insular Celtic languages as well as English and French. The final paper reflects on the political status of the modern Insular Celtic languages in the Europe of the 27 EU countries.
What is "Celtic"and what is universal in the "Celtic Englishes"? This was the central concern of the fourth and final Colloquium of studies on language contact between English and the Celtic languages at the University of Potsdam in September 2004. The contributions to this volume discuss the "Celtic" peculiarities of Standard English in England and in Ireland (North and South). They also examine the perceived "Celticity" of personal names in the "Celtic" countries (Ireland, Wales, Cornwall, Brittany). Moreover, they put emphasis on specific grammatical features such as the expression of perfectivity, relativity, intensification and the typological shift of verbal word formation from syntheticity to analycity as well as the emergence of universal contact trends shared by Celtic, African and Indian Englishes. Thus, the choice of contributors and the scope of their articles makes Celtic Englishes IV an invaluable handbook for scholarly work in the field of the English - Celtic relations.
The Celtic Englishes III
(2003)
The Celtic Englishes II
(2000)
The Celtic Englishes I
(2003)
The volumes in the present series deal with "The Celtic Englishes" and explore the linguistic outcome of the (historical as well as contemporary) contact between the English language and the indigenous languages of the British Isles and Ireland, i.e. the Insular Celtic languages such as Irish (Gaelic), Scottish Gaelic, Manx (Gaelic), Welsh, Cornish and, by extension, Breton. These form the native languages of the so-called "inner colonies" of England (Hechter) and provided the basis for the rise of the "Celtic Englishes" during and after the shift of the population from their Celitc source languages to English as their target language over a number of centuries. The "Celtic Englishes" were also transported to the "outer colonies," notably to North America (USA and Canada), Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and, by Irish missionary activities in the 19th and 20th c., West Africa. The contributions to this series of volumes explore the different types of the "Celtic Englishes" from various linguitic perspectives (phonological, grammatical, lexical; synchronic, diachronic; diastratic; etc.). The methodologies used also vary between traditional dialectological approaches, philology, structuralism, functional linguistics, corpus analysis, typology and universal grammar. Because of its advanced analycity, the typological separation of Middle English from the other Germanic languages is also explored and the question raised whether the English language as such does not have to be considered as the outcome of language contact between the native Britons, who spoke varieties of the Brittonic branch of the Celtic languages and who shifted to English during the three or four centuries after the Anglo-Saxon Conquest. Volume four is to appear in 2006. See: http://www.celtic-englishes.de/
This book compares local self-government in Europe. It examines local institutional structures, autonomy, and capacities in six selected countries - France, Italy, Sweden, Hungary, Poland, and the United Kingdom - each of which represents a typical model of European local government. Within Europe, an overall trend towards more local government capacities and autonomy can be identified, but there are also some counter tendencies to this trend and major differences regarding local politico-administrative settings, functional responsibilities, and resources. The book demonstrates that a certain degree of local financial autonomy and fiscal discretion is necessary for effective service provision. Furthermore, a robust local organization, viable territorial structures, a professional public service, strong local leadership, and well-functioning tools of democratic participation are key aspects for local governments to effectively fulfill their tasks and ensure political accountability. The book will appeal to students and scholars of Public Administration and Public Management, as well as practitioners and policy-makers at different levels of government, in public enterprises, and in NGOs.
The attractiveness of foreign direct investment in Russia and Ukraine : a statistical analysis
(1999)
In this paper a comparative exploration of the potential for foreign investment and real inflow to Russia and Ukraine are examined. The analysis showed that primarily both countries enjoyed significant comparative advantages in attracting foreign capital. Since the foundation of independent states in 1992 attractiveness began to diverge dramatically. This difference is clearly explained by the determination of the Russian government to reform the economy earlier than the Ukrainian government. The transition to a market economy is closely connected with the development of a favorable investment climate in both countries. It includes the foundation of a stable system of property rights and a conducive legal environment.
The Apache Modeling Project
(2004)
This document presents an introduction to the Apache HTTP Server, covering both an overview and implementation details. It presents results of the Apache Modelling Project done by research assistants and students of the Hasso–Plattner–Institute in 2001, 2002 and 2003. The Apache HTTP Server was used to introduce students to the application of the modeling technique FMC, a method that supports transporting knowledge about complex systems in the domain of information processing (software and hardware as well). After an introduction to HTTP servers in general, we will focus on protocols and web technology. Then we will discuss Apache, its operational environment and its extension capabilities— the module API. Finally we will guide the reader through parts of the Apache source code and explain the most important pieces.
Anthropocene has become an environmental buzzword. It denotes a new geological epoch that is human?dominated. As mounting scientific evidence reveals, humankind has fundamentally altered atmospheric, geological, hydrological, biospheric, and other Earth system processes to an extent that the risk of an irreversible system change emerges. Human societies must therefore change direction and navigate away from critical tipping points in the various ecosystems of our planet. This hypothesis has kicked off a debate not only on the geoscientific definition of the Anthropocene era, but increasingly also in the social sciences. However, the specific contribution of the social sciences disciplines and in particular that of political science still needs to be fully established.
This edited volume analyzes, from a political science perspective, the wider social dynamics underlying the ecological and geological changes, as well as their implications for governance and politics in the Anthropocene. The focus is on two questions: (1) What is the contribution of political science to the Anthropocene debate, e.g. in terms of identified problems, answers, and solutions? (2) What are the conceptual and practical implications of the Anthropocene debate for the discipline of political science?
Overall, this book contributes to the Anthropocene debate by providing novel theoretical and conceptual accounts of the Anthropocene, engaging with contemporary politics and policy-making in the Anthropocene, and offering a critical reflection on the Anthropocene debate as such. The volume will be of great interest to students and scholars of political science, global environmental politics and governance, and sustainable development.
Technological Competition, Employment and innovation policies in OECD countries : with 20 tables
(1998)
Technical report
(2019)
Design and Implementation of service-oriented architectures imposes a huge number of research questions from the fields of software engineering, system analysis and modeling, adaptability, and application integration. Component orientation and web services are two approaches for design and realization of complex web-based system. Both approaches allow for dynamic application adaptation as well as integration of enterprise application.
Commonly used technologies, such as J2EE and .NET, form de facto standards for the realization of complex distributed systems. Evolution of component systems has lead to web services and service-based architectures. This has been manifested in a multitude of industry standards and initiatives such as XML, WSDL UDDI, SOAP, etc. All these achievements lead to a new and promising paradigm in IT systems engineering which proposes to design complex software solutions as collaboration of contractually defined software services.
Service-Oriented Systems Engineering represents a symbiosis of best practices in object-orientation, component-based development, distributed computing, and business process management. It provides integration of business and IT concerns.
The annual Ph.D. Retreat of the Research School provides each member the opportunity to present his/her current state of their research and to give an outline of a prospective Ph.D. thesis. Due to the interdisciplinary structure of the research school, this technical report covers a wide range of topics. These include but are not limited to: Human Computer Interaction and Computer Vision as Service; Service-oriented Geovisualization Systems; Algorithm Engineering for Service-oriented Systems; Modeling and Verification of Self-adaptive Service-oriented Systems; Tools and Methods for Software Engineering in Service-oriented Systems; Security Engineering of Service-based IT Systems; Service-oriented Information Systems; Evolutionary Transition of Enterprise Applications to Service Orientation; Operating System Abstractions for Service-oriented Computing; and Services Specification, Composition, and Enactment.
The European Values Education (EVE) project is a large-scale, cross-national, and longitudinal survey research program on basic human values. The main topic of its first stage was "work" in Europe. Student teachers of several universities in Europe worked together in multicultural exchange groups. Their results are presented in this issue.
The European Values Education (EVE) project is a large-scale, cross-national, and longitudinal survey research programme on basic human values. The main topic of its second stage was religion in Europe. Student teachers of several universities in Europe worked together in multicultural exchange groups. Their results are presented in this issue.
The European Values Education (EVE) project is a large-scale, cross-national, and longitudinal survey research programme on basic human values. The main topic of its second stage was family values in Europe. Student teachers of several universities in Europe worked together in multicultural exchange groups. Their results are presented in this issue.
Oidium pedaliacearum sp. nov. (; O. sesami, nom. inval.) and Podosphaera macrospora comb. et stat. nov. (; Sphaerotheca alpina f. macrospora) are introduced, and the taxonomy and distribution of Erysiphe celosiae is discussed. New host species and new collections of Erysiphe cruciferarum (on Cleome hassleriana), E. flexuosa (on Aesculus hippocastanum), E. hedwigii (on Viburnum carlesii), E. heraclei (on Tinguarra montana), E. cf. macleayae (on Macleaya cordata), E. prunastri (on Prunus cerasifera), E. sedi (on Sedum aff. spectabilis), E. trifolii (on Trigonella caerulea), Golovinomyces cichoracearum (on Argyranthemum pinnatifidum subsp. succulentum), G. cf. hydrophyllacearum (on Nemophila menziesii), G. orontii (on Nolana spp.), G. cf. orontii (on Tiarella cordifolia), Neoerysiphe cumminsiana (on Bidens cf. ferulifolia), Oidium clitoriae (on Clitoria ternatea), O. cf. hortensiae (on Philadelphus coronarius), O. pedilanthi (on Pedilanthus tithymaloides), Oidium (Pseudoidium) sp. (on Utricularia alpina), Podosphaera sp. (on Bergia capensis), Sawadaea bicornis (on Acer platanoides) and S. tulasnei (on Acer ginnala and A. tatarica) are recorded from France, Germany, Greece and Mexico.