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The Prussian geologist Leopold von Buch was a lifelong friend of Alexander von Humboldt and had a significant influence on Humboldt’s geological ideas. In a talk, held in Berlin in 1831, which is published here for the first time, von Buch presented the Duria Antiquior of 1830 by the English geologist Henry De La Beche. The Duria Antiquior is widely regarded as the earliest depiction of a scene of prehistoric life from deep time. The print raised new questions about the processes of geohistorical change. The talk reveals that Leopold von Buch was a true scientist of the Romantic Age. His descriptions of geohistorical organismic transformations are taken from pictorial examples of organismic transformation from the classical literature. The talk also illustrates how influential English geologists were for geo-historical reconstructions in Germany.
1. Motivation and introduction 2. International asset allocation 2.1 Risk and return drivers in international asset allocation 2.2 Passive and active investment approaches 2.3 Is international diversification advantageous? 3. Case 4. Interaction levels of the exchange rate dimension 4.1 Role of the reference currency 4.2 Decision on hedging exchange rate risks 4.3 Role of the investment currency 4.4 Role of the investment claim 5. Conclusion
1. Introduction of China’s bank reform 1.1 Stage 1 (1978–1993): Rebuilding the financial system 1.2 Stage 2 (1994–1997): Regulating the financial system 1.3 Stage 3 (1998–2002): Deepening reform of state-owned commercial banks 1.4 Stage 4 (2003-present): Public listing of state-owned banks 2. The roles of SWF in China’s bank reform 3. Future challenges
1. Introduction 2. The role of banks and what is different in banks? 3. Corporate Governance and risk management 4. Risk taking and executive board composition 5. Compensation structures – how to improve models for banks? 6. Banking supervision and regulation 7. Reform of European institutions for financial stability
1. Introduction 2. The architecture of the financial market regulation in Europe prior to the crisis 3. The new architecture of the financial market regulation in Europe 4. Actual issues of the political discussion on further needs to adapt the regulation and the structure of the financial markets in Europe 5. A brief summary
1. Porter strategic competitive analysis 2. A Porter analysis of the competitive advantage of banks in business lending and proprietary trading 3. Summary, competitive advantage of banks in business lending and proprietary trading 4. JPMorgan’s “London Whale” speculation 5. A common misapprehension about hedged positions in corporate debt 6. Conclusion
Banking System in Russia
(2013)
1. Introduction 2. The growth of China’s SMBs and the changes of the banking market structure – a land of small- and medium-sized companies 2.1 The characteristics of China’s banking market structure 2.2 The growth of China’s SMBs 2.3 The changes of China’s banking market structure 3. The opportunities and challenges facing SMBs in China 3.1 Opportunities 3.2 Challenges 4. Conclusion
1. Introduction 2. Analysis of implementation of the Basel III in China 2.1 Implementation of capital adequacy rules 2.2 Implementation of leverage ratio rules 2.3 Implementation of liquidity management rules 3. Suggestions for further development of China’s banking industry 3.1 Promoting capital structure adjustment and broadening capital supplement channels 3.2 Transforming business models and developing intermediary and off-balance business 3.3 Increasing the intensity of risk management and refining its standards
1. Abstract 2. Introduction to the main monetary policy tools in China 2.1 Reserve requirements 2.2 Open market operations 2.3 Interest rate policy 2.4 Credit policy and window guidance 2.5 Real estate credit control 3. Loosening monetary policy and its effect on the banking 3.1 Loosening monetary policy measures 3.2 The effect of the expansionary monetary policy on the banking 4. Sound monetary policy with tight trend and its effect on banking 4.1 Main measures of the sound monetary policy with tight trend 4.2 The effect of sound monetary policy with tight trend on banking 5. Conclusion
The German Banking System
(2013)
Kotzo shel yod by Y. L. Gordon (1832–1892) – one of the prominent intellectuals of the Jewish Enlightenment period – is a well-known Hebrew poem. This poem is characterized by a daring, sharp criticism of the traditional Jewish institutions, which the author felt required a critical shake-up. Gordon’s literary works were inspired by the Jewish Ashkenazi world. This unique and pioneering literary work was translated into Judeo-Spanish (Ladino). The aim of this article is to present the Sephardic version of Gordon’s poem. The article will attempt to examine the motives behind the translation of this work into Ladino, the reception of the translated work by its readership and the challenges faced by the anonymous translator who sought to make this work accessibleto the Ladino-reading public, in the clear knowledge that this version was quite far removed from the Ashkenazi original from which it sprang.
In this article we analyze several examples of the syntactic structure ansí un...(Eng. such a...) apparently calqued from the German expression so ein... that can be found in different Judeo-Spanish texts since the second half of 19th Century. Although the eldest examples appeared in Judeo-Spanish translations of German novels, published in Vienna – what suggests that they could be mere cases derived from a kind of translation too attached to the original –, we can also find more examples in Sephardic texts produced outside the German speaking area (Bosnia, Bulgaria, etc.), not being necessarily translations of a German original. Dealing with all these cases, we will try to trace (and explain) the spread of the ansí un syntactic structure in modern Judeo-Spanish prose.
The political and social changes with which the 19th century began in the Balkans after a great part of their territories were taken over by the Austrian Empire, also resulted in social and intellectual activity and created a new framework in the relationship with the Ottoman Empire. Vienna turned into the shelter of many citizens from the Balkans who then became the transmitters of innovation to their co-citizens through their contact with central European culture. In this sense, the members of Jewish communities participated as much as members of other ethnical and social groups. The most prominent of these Jews was Israel Hayim de Belogrado (‘of Belgrade’), who developed an important intellectual work in the Austrian capital between 1813 and 1837. He even reformed Judeo-Spanish spelling and introduced new methodologies for learning Hebrew as a second language, based on the use of a trilingual nomenclature (Hebrew, Judeo-Spanish, German) when presenting the lexical repertoire.
Academic entrepreneurship
(2013)
Research on entrepreneurial motivation of university scientists is often determined by quantitative methods without taking into account context-related influences. According to different studies, entrepreneurial scientists found a spin-off company due to motives like independency, market opportunity, money or risk of unemployment (short-term contracts). To give a comprehensive explanation, it is important to use a qualitative research view that considers academic rank, norms and values of university scientists. The author spoke with 35 natural scientists and asked professors and research fellows for their entrepreneurial motivation. The results of this study are used to develop a typology of entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial scientists within German universities. This paper presents the key findings of the study (Sass 2011).