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Rezensiertes Werk: von der Krone, Kerstin: Wissenschaft in Öffentlichkeit. Die Wissenschaft des Judentums und ihre Zeitschriften. - Berlin: de Gruyter 2012. X, 539 S. - (=Studia Judaica, Bd. 65) Thulin, Mirjam: Kaufmanns Nachrichtendienst. Ein jüdisches Gelehrtennetzwerk im 19. Jahrhundert. - Göttingen: vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2012. 424 S., 14 Abb., 6 Karten, 6 Tabellen. - (=Schriften des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts, Bd.16)
Rezensiertes Werk: Timm, Erika; Birnbaum, Eleazar und Birnbaum, David(Hg.): Ein Leben für die Wissenschaft/A Lifetime of Achievement. Wissenschaftliche Aufsätze aus sechs Jahrzehnten von Salomo A. Birnbaum/Six Decades of Scholarly Articles by Solomon A. Birnbaum. 2 Bde. - Berlin – Boston: De Gruyter 2011. Band 1, 540 S., Band 2. XXVII, 458 S.
The nutrition of animal consumers is an important regulator of ecological processes due to its effects on their physiology, life-history and behaviour. Understanding the ecological effects of poor nutrition depends on correctly diagnosing the nature and strength of nutritional limitation. Despite the need to assess nutritional limitation, current approaches to delineating nutritional constraints can be non-specific and imprecise. Here, we consider the need and potential to develop new complementary approaches to the study of nutritional constraints on animal consumers by studying and using a suite of established and emerging biochemical and molecular responses. These nutritional indicators include gene expression, transcript regulators, protein profiling and activity, and gross biochemical and elemental composition. The potential applications of nutritional indicators to ecological studies are highlighted to demonstrate the value that this approach would have to future studies in community and ecosystem ecology.
In this study three new maps of Moho depths beneath the Arabian plate and margins are presented. The first map is based on the combined gravity model, EIGEN 06C, which includes data from satellite missions and ground-based studies, and thus covers the whole region between 31 degrees E and 60 inverted perpendicular E and between 12 degrees N and 36 degrees N. The second map is based on seismological and ground-based gravity data while the third map is based only on seismological data. Both these maps show gaps due to lack of data coverage especially in the interior of the Arabian plate. Beneath the interior of the Arabian plate the Moho lies between 32 and 45 km depth below sea level. There is a tendency for higher Pn and Sn velocities beneath the northeastern parts of the plate interior with respect to the southwestern parts of the plate interior. Across the northern, destructive margin with the Eurasian plate, the Moho depths increase to over 50 km beneath the Zagros mountains. Across the conservative western margin, the Dead Sea Transform (DST). Moho depths decrease from almost 40 km beneath the highlands east of the DST to about 21-23 km under the southeastern Mediterranean Sea. This decrease seems to be modulated by a slight depression in the Moho beneath the southern DST. The constructive southwestern and southeastern margins of the Arabian plate also show the Moho shallowing from the plate interior towards the plate boundaries. A comparison of the abruptness of the Moho shallowing between the margins of the Arabian plate, the conjugate African margin at 26 degrees N and several Atlantic margins shows a complex picture and suggests that the abruptness of the Moho shallowing may reflect fundamental differences in the original structure of the margins. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
In a systematic approach we synthesized a new series of fluorescent probes incorporating donoracceptor (D-A) substituted 1,2,3-triazoles as conjugative -linkers between the alkali metal ion receptor N-phenylaza-[18]crown-6 and different fluorophoric groups with different electron-acceptor properties (4-naphthalimide, meso-phenyl-BODIPY and 9-anthracene) and investigated their performance in organic and aqueous environments (physiological conditions). In the charge-transfer (CT) type probes 1, 2 and 7, the fluorescence is almost completely quenched by intramolecular CT (ICT) processes involving charge-separated states. In the presence of Na+ and K+ ICT is interrupted, which resulted in a lighting-up of the fluorescence in acetonitrile. Among the investigated fluoroionophores, compound 7, which contains a 9-anthracenyl moiety as the electron-accepting fluorophore, is the only probe which retains light-up features in water and works as a highly K+/Na+-selective probe under simulated physiological conditions. Virtually decoupled BODIPY-based 6 and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) type probes 35, where the 10-substituted anthracen-9-yl fluorophores are connected to the 1,2,3-triazole through a methylene spacer, show strong ion-induced fluorescence enhancement in acetonitrile, but not under physiological conditions. Electrochemical studies and theoretical calculations were used to assess and support the underlying mechanisms for the new ICT and PET 1,2,3-triazole fluoroionophores.