Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (2239)
- Doctoral Thesis (348)
- Postprint (226)
- Review (30)
- Other (27)
- Conference Proceeding (15)
- Habilitation Thesis (14)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (13)
- Preprint (7)
- Part of a Book (1)
Language
- English (2921) (remove)
Keywords
- nanoparticles (28)
- self-assembly (22)
- DNA origami (20)
- Nanopartikel (19)
- biomaterials (19)
- block copolymers (15)
- Conformational analysis (14)
- SERS (14)
- ionic liquids (14)
- photochemistry (14)
- fluorescence (13)
- polymer (13)
- LIBS (12)
- Palladium (12)
- Selbstorganisation (12)
- polymerization (12)
- singlet oxygen (12)
- nanostructures (11)
- ring-opening polymerization (11)
- synthesis (11)
- Fluorescence (10)
- Ionic liquids (10)
- Nanoparticles (10)
- Polymer (10)
- conformational analysis (10)
- crystal structure (10)
- electrochemistry (10)
- fluorescent probes (10)
- luminescence (10)
- metathesis (10)
- ruthenium (10)
- FRET (9)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (9)
- NMR (9)
- NMR spectroscopy (9)
- RAFT (9)
- Synthetic methods (9)
- adsorption (9)
- carbohydrates (9)
- gold nanoparticles (9)
- hydrogel (9)
- thermoresponsive (9)
- water (9)
- Adsorption (8)
- Arenes (8)
- DFT calculations (8)
- Hydrogel (8)
- NICS (8)
- Theoretical calculations (8)
- Through-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS) (8)
- click chemistry (8)
- crystallization (8)
- ionic liquid (8)
- isomerization (8)
- polymers (8)
- Anisotropy effect (7)
- DNA radiation damage (7)
- Kinetics (7)
- Ring current effect (7)
- SAXS (7)
- X-ray structure (7)
- anomalous diffusion (7)
- azobenzene (7)
- biomaterial (7)
- block copolymer (7)
- density functional calculations (7)
- dissociative electron attachment (7)
- energy storage (7)
- living cells (7)
- low-energy electrons (7)
- porous materials (7)
- potassium (7)
- shape-memory effect (7)
- surface chemistry (7)
- surfactants (7)
- Aromaticity (6)
- Carbohydrates (6)
- Click chemistry (6)
- Dynamic NMR (6)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (6)
- Leguminosae (6)
- Oxygen heterocycles (6)
- Polymerchemie (6)
- Synthese (6)
- Synthesis (6)
- X-ray (6)
- biodegradable polymers (6)
- carbon nitride (6)
- catalysis (6)
- copper (6)
- crown compounds (6)
- heterocycles (6)
- hydrogels (6)
- ion mobility spectrometry (6)
- mass spectrometry (6)
- morphology (6)
- photocatalysis (6)
- polyelectrolyte (6)
- polyzwitterion (6)
- porous carbon (6)
- quantum dots (6)
- radical polymerization (6)
- silver nanoparticles (6)
- spectroscopy (6)
- stimuli-sensitive polymers (6)
- surface modification (6)
- surface plasmon resonance (6)
- Biomaterial (5)
- Block copolymers (5)
- Blockcopolymer (5)
- Blockcopolymere (5)
- EPR (5)
- Heterocycles (5)
- Janus emulsions (5)
- Lactams (5)
- Lactones (5)
- Metathesis (5)
- Organic Chemistry (5)
- Quantum chemical calculations (5)
- Raman spectroscopy (5)
- Ruthenium (5)
- X-ray diffraction (5)
- anthracenes (5)
- arenes (5)
- atomic force microscopy (5)
- biomass (5)
- biomineralization (5)
- charge transfer (5)
- chitosan (5)
- copolymers (5)
- dynamic NMR (5)
- electron transfer (5)
- green chemistry (5)
- heteroatoms (5)
- heterogeneous catalysis (5)
- hybrid materials (5)
- magnetic nanoparticles (5)
- membranes (5)
- metal-organic frameworks (5)
- micelles (5)
- microcontact printing (5)
- molecular rods (5)
- nanocomposite (5)
- oxidative stress (5)
- palladium (5)
- perovskite solar cells (5)
- peroxides (5)
- plasmonics (5)
- poly(lactic acid) (5)
- quantum chemical calculations (5)
- sensors (5)
- sodium (5)
- sulfur (5)
- surface (5)
- thermoresponsive polymers (5)
- 3D printing (4)
- Antiplasmodial (4)
- Biaryls (4)
- Bioraffinerie (4)
- Chitooligosaccharides (4)
- Chitosan (4)
- Cross-coupling (4)
- Crystal structure (4)
- Cytotoxicity (4)
- DFT (4)
- DNA (4)
- DNA Origami (4)
- DNA strand breaks (4)
- Degradation (4)
- Density functional calculations (4)
- Elektrokatalyse (4)
- Europium (4)
- Gold nanoparticles (4)
- HPLC (4)
- ICSS (4)
- IR-MALDI (4)
- Katalyse (4)
- Korrosion (4)
- Langmuir monolayer (4)
- Lumineszenz (4)
- Molecular dynamics (4)
- NCA (4)
- PCA (4)
- Photochemistry (4)
- Polymers (4)
- RAFT polymerization (4)
- Raman (4)
- Structure elucidation (4)
- TSNMRS (4)
- Tenside (4)
- Water (4)
- Zinc (4)
- antifouling (4)
- antiplasmodial (4)
- arsenolipids present (4)
- calcium phosphate (4)
- carbon (4)
- carbon nitrides (4)
- catalysts (4)
- cod-liver (4)
- composites (4)
- copper(II) (4)
- corrosion (4)
- cytotoxicity (4)
- degradation (4)
- dye removal (4)
- electron paramagnetic resonance (4)
- electrospinning (4)
- emulsion polymerization (4)
- enzyme (4)
- fatty-acids (4)
- glucose oxidation (4)
- gold (4)
- hemocompatibility (4)
- hydrolysis (4)
- identification (4)
- infection pathway (4)
- iron (4)
- kinetics (4)
- lanthanides (4)
- liposomes (4)
- lower critical solution temperature (4)
- macrocycles (4)
- manganese (4)
- membrane (4)
- mesenchymal stem cells (4)
- methyl orange (4)
- methylene blue (4)
- microfluidics (4)
- microgels (4)
- microparticles (4)
- minerals (4)
- models (4)
- multiblock copolymer (4)
- nachhaltige Chemie (4)
- nanolenses (4)
- nanoparticle (4)
- nanotriangles (4)
- oxidation (4)
- photooxygenation (4)
- photophysics (4)
- physiological consequences (4)
- poly(ethylene glycol) (4)
- polymer chemistry (4)
- polyzwitterions (4)
- poröse Materialien (4)
- proteins (4)
- radicals (4)
- selectivity (4)
- shape memory (4)
- soil (4)
- sorption (4)
- structure elucidation (4)
- sustainable chemistry (4)
- systems (4)
- thermoresponsiv (4)
- thin films (4)
- visible-light (4)
- water treatment (4)
- water-soluble polymers (4)
- wettability (4)
- zinc (4)
- ATRP (3)
- Absorption (3)
- Alkylpyridinium salts (3)
- Antifouling (3)
- Bacteria (3)
- Base pairing (3)
- Bioelectrocatalysis (3)
- Biomasse (3)
- Biomimetic (3)
- Birch reduction (3)
- C-C coupling (3)
- Carbene ligands (3)
- Cellulose (3)
- Chitooligosaccharide (3)
- Conformational equilibrium (3)
- Copper (3)
- Cryo-SEM (3)
- Cycloaddition (3)
- Diodenlaserspektroskopie (3)
- Direct electron transfer (3)
- EPR spectroscopy (3)
- Electrochemistry (3)
- Electrospinning (3)
- Energiespeicher (3)
- Energy (3)
- FhuA (3)
- Fluoreszenz-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer (3)
- Förster resonance energy transfer (3)
- GIAO (3)
- Gas phase electron diffraction (3)
- HRTEM (3)
- Hyaluronic acid (3)
- Hydrogenation (3)
- Imaging (3)
- Immunoassay (3)
- Ionic Liquid (3)
- Ionic liquid (3)
- Kohlendioxid (3)
- Kohlenhydrate (3)
- Kohlenstoff (3)
- Kohlenstoffnitriden (3)
- Kolloid (3)
- LCST (3)
- Langmuir monolayers (3)
- Laser (3)
- Light scattering (3)
- Magnetic properties (3)
- Mass spectrometry (3)
- Massenspektrometrie (3)
- Metallnitride (3)
- Microemulsions (3)
- Molecular dynamics simulations (3)
- Molecular modeling (3)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (3)
- NBO analysis (3)
- Nanostructure (3)
- Nanotechnology (3)
- Phase transitions (3)
- Photochemie (3)
- Photoionisation (3)
- Photokatalyse (3)
- Pickering emulsions (3)
- Platinum group metals (3)
- Polyelektrolyte (3)
- Polymere (3)
- Quantum dynamics (3)
- REMPI (3)
- Rheology (3)
- SANS (3)
- Scattering (3)
- Second-Year Undergraduate (3)
- Solid-phase extraction (3)
- Spectroscopy (3)
- Sulfonamides (3)
- Surfactant micelles (3)
- Thermoresponsive (3)
- Thin film (3)
- ToF-SIMS (3)
- Trifluoromethanesulfonamide (3)
- Vesikel (3)
- Water treatment (3)
- X-ray scattering (3)
- [4+2] cycloaddition (3)
- ab initio calculations (3)
- activated carbon (3)
- actuation (3)
- artificial muscles (3)
- assemblies (3)
- auxiliary control (3)
- batteries (3)
- binding (3)
- biorefinery (3)
- calcium (3)
- calcium carbonate (3)
- carbon dots (3)
- cell adhesion (3)
- cellulose (3)
- colloids (3)
- complexes (3)
- configuration (3)
- conformation (3)
- controlled radical polymerization (3)
- crosslinking (3)
- cycloaddition (3)
- dynamics (3)
- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (3)
- electron dynamics (3)
- emulsion (3)
- endothelial cells (3)
- energy transfer (3)
- enzyme catalysis (3)
- enzymes (3)
- erosion (3)
- fluorescence lifetime (3)
- fluorescent dyes (3)
- functionalization (3)
- gas adsorption (3)
- gelatin (3)
- gels (3)
- glycopolymers (3)
- graphene (3)
- green (3)
- heterogene Katalyse (3)
- heterogene Photokatalyse (3)
- heterogeneous photocatalysis (3)
- hydrogen (3)
- interfaces (3)
- inverse micelles (3)
- ionic conductivity (3)
- ionothermal synthesis (3)
- langevin equation (3)
- ligand (3)
- liquid-phase catalysis (3)
- lithium-sulfur batteries (3)
- metal nitrides (3)
- micelle (3)
- microemulsion (3)
- microstructure (3)
- microwave irradiation (3)
- mixtures (3)
- molecules (3)
- monomer (3)
- monomers (3)
- multiple light scattering (3)
- nanoparticle dimers (3)
- naphthalenes (3)
- nucleation (3)
- organic chemistry (3)
- organic synthesis (3)
- organosilica (3)
- oxygen (3)
- peptides (3)
- phase transfer (3)
- photoionization (3)
- photoisomerization (3)
- photon density wave spectroscopy (3)
- polyelectrolytes (3)
- polyesters (3)
- polymersomes (3)
- polypeptide (3)
- polysulfobetaine (3)
- precision agriculture (3)
- probes (3)
- process analytical technology (3)
- properties (3)
- protein (3)
- protein adsorption (3)
- protein self-assembly (3)
- quantum dynamics (3)
- random-walks (3)
- reaction mechanisms (3)
- rearrangement (3)
- redox chemistry (3)
- reduction (3)
- reference material (3)
- regioselectivity (3)
- resonance energy-transfer (3)
- roughness (3)
- sensitivity (3)
- shape (3)
- silica (3)
- simulations (3)
- single-particle tracking (3)
- size (3)
- smart materials (3)
- sodium hydroxide etching (3)
- soft robotics (3)
- sol-gel (3)
- solubility (3)
- spider silk (3)
- stability (3)
- stereoselectivity (3)
- stokes shift (3)
- supercapacitors (3)
- surface functionalization (3)
- surface-enhanced Raman scattering (3)
- sustainability (3)
- tandem reaction (3)
- tandem reactions (3)
- temperature (3)
- tetrabromidocuprate(II) (3)
- theoretical chemistry (3)
- theoretische Chemie (3)
- thermal properties (3)
- upconversion (3)
- vesicles (3)
- (Anti)aromaticity (2)
- 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (2)
- 2-Azaspiro[4.5]deca-1-ones (2)
- 3-color fret (2)
- 3-mercaptopropionic acid (2)
- 4-nitrophenol (2)
- ADMET (2)
- AFM (2)
- AOT bilayer (2)
- APCI (2)
- ATCUN motif (2)
- Abbau (2)
- Actuation (2)
- Adsorbent (2)
- AgI (2)
- Aktuator (2)
- Alkynes (2)
- Amides (2)
- Ammoniak (2)
- Amphiphilic polymers (2)
- Anisotropic effect (2)
- Anisotropy (2)
- Anthraquinone (2)
- Antimicrobial (2)
- Antiplasmodial activity (2)
- Arenesulfonamides (2)
- Asphodelaceae (2)
- Asteraceae (2)
- Azobenzene (2)
- Barrier to ring inversion (2)
- Beschichtungen (2)
- Bindung (2)
- Biocompatible polymers (2)
- Biomass (2)
- Biomaterials (2)
- Biomimetics (2)
- Biopolymer (2)
- Boric acid (2)
- C-H activation (2)
- C1N1 (2)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (2)
- Calcium phosphate (2)
- Calcium phosphates (2)
- Carbenes (2)
- Carbon (2)
- Cd-free (2)
- Charge transfer (2)
- Chelatoaromaticity (2)
- Chitinase (2)
- Cis- and trans-form (2)
- Cluster (2)
- Cobalt (2)
- Colloid Chemistry (2)
- Composites (2)
- Configuration (2)
- Confocal microscopy (2)
- Conformation (2)
- Copper(II) (2)
- DBD dyes (2)
- DNA damage (2)
- DNA damage response (2)
- DNA nanotechnology (2)
- DNA repair (2)
- DR-UV-Vis (2)
- Degradable (2)
- Density functional theory (2)
- Depsipeptide (2)
- Diastereoselectivity (2)
- Drug design (2)
- Dynamic NMR spectroscopy (2)
- ESR (2)
- Electrocatalysis (2)
- Electrospray ionization (2)
- Elektronendynamik (2)
- Emulsion (2)
- Energietransfer (2)
- Energy storage (2)
- Escherichia coli (2)
- Extraction (2)
- Fiber (2)
- Flavanone (2)
- Flavone (2)
- Fluorescence imaging (2)
- Fluorescent probes (2)
- Fokker-Planck equations (2)
- Formgedächtnis (2)
- Fragmentation (2)
- Functionalization (2)
- Funktionalisierung (2)
- Funktionalisierung <Chemie> (2)
- Förster-Resonanzenergietransfer (2)
- G quadruplexes (2)
- Gasadsorption (2)
- Gelatin (2)
- Glycosylation (2)
- Gold (2)
- Grenzflächen (2)
- Grüne Chemie (2)
- H-1 NMR (2)
- HDAC1 (2)
- Heck reaction (2)
- Homogeneous catalysis (2)
- Hybrid materials (2)
- Hydrocarbons (2)
- Hydrogels (2)
- Hydrothermale Karbonisierung (2)
- Hypoxia (2)
- ITC (2)
- InP (2)
- InPZnS (2)
- Interfacial tension (2)
- Ionenmobilitätsspektrometrie (2)
- Ionische Flüssigkeiten (2)
- Ionization (2)
- Ionogels (2)
- Iso-chemical-shielding surfaces (ICSS) (2)
- Isoflavone (2)
- Isotopenverhältnis (2)
- Janus droplets (2)
- Juvenile hormone (2)
- Kaolinite (2)
- Katalysatoren (2)
- Kinetically controlled nanocrystal growth (2)
- Kohlenstoffmaterialien (2)
- Kohlenstoffnitride (2)
- Kolloidchemie (2)
- Komposite (2)
- Kristallisation (2)
- LCST behavior (2)
- Lanthanide (2)
- Lanthanides (2)
- Lanthanoide (2)
- Laser-SNMS (2)
- Ligand design (2)
- Lignin (2)
- Lipide (2)
- Luminescence (2)
- MS (2)
- Macrocycles (2)
- Maltose-modified PEI (2)
- Maltose-modified poly(ethyleneimine) (2)
- Mars (2)
- Mechanical properties (2)
- Mechanism (2)
- Membrane (2)
- Mesokristalle (2)
- Metabolomics (2)
- Michael addition (2)
- Microemulsion (2)
- Microwave chemistry (2)
- Mikrofluidik (2)
- Mineralization (2)
- Mixtures (2)
- Mizelle (2)
- Mizellen (2)
- Molecular orientation (2)
- Molekulardynamik (2)
- Monoschicht (2)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (2)
- Multiblock copolymer (2)
- Multiple light scattering (2)
- N ligands (2)
- N-2 reduction (2)
- NHCs (2)
- NMR structure (2)
- Nanokomposite (2)
- Nanoparticle (2)
- Nanostructures (2)
- Nanostrukturen (2)
- Nanotechnologie (2)
- Natural products (2)
- Network structure (2)
- Nicotinamide (2)
- Niobium (2)
- OTDR (2)
- Oberflächenchemie (2)
- Oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) (2)
- Oligosaccharides (2)
- On-demand release (2)
- Organic chemistry (2)
- Oxidation (2)
- P ligands (2)
- PEI coating (2)
- PLA (2)
- PLS regression (2)
- PLSR (2)
- Peptide (2)
- Peptides (2)
- Perowskit-Solarzellen (2)
- Perylene (2)
- Pesticides (2)
- Phase morphology (2)
- Phospholipid (2)
- Photon Density Wave spectroscopy (2)
- Photon density wave spectroscopy (2)
- Photopolymerization (2)
- Photosynthesis (2)
- Plasmodium falciparum (2)
- Plasmonik (2)
- Podanthus mitiqui (2)
- Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (2)
- Polyampholytes (2)
- Polyelectrolytes (2)
- Polyelektrolyt (2)
- Polyethyleneimine (2)
- Polymer chemistry (2)
- Polymerisation (2)
- Polypeptid (2)
- Polyzwitterion (2)
- Porous carbon (2)
- Porous silicon (2)
- Porphyrins (2)
- Process analytical technology (2)
- Protein (2)
- Push-pull character (2)
- Push-pull effect (2)
- QDs (2)
- Quantenpunkt (2)
- Quantenpunkte (2)
- Quantum dots (2)
- RAFT-Polymerisation (2)
- ROMP (2)
- RP-HPLC (2)
- RUNX2 (2)
- Rearrangement (2)
- Regeneration (2)
- Renewable resources (2)
- Ring-opening polymerization (2)
- Roots (2)
- SEM (2)
- SERS enhancement factor (2)
- SPR (2)
- Salts (2)
- Salz (2)
- Salzschmelze-Templating (2)
- Selektivität (2)
- Selenium (2)
- Self-assembly (2)
- Sensors (2)
- Shadowgraphy (2)
- Shape memory (2)
- Shape-memory (2)
- Shape-memory effect (2)
- Shape-memory polymer (2)
- Simulation (2)
- Sol-Gel (2)
- Solarzellen (2)
- Solvent effects (2)
- Solvothermal synthesis (2)
- Spektroskopie (2)
- Spin probes (2)
- Stereochemistry (2)
- Steric effect (2)
- Struktur (2)
- Sulphoxide (2)
- Supramolecular chemistry (2)
- Surface exudates (2)
- Surface functionalization (2)
- Surfactant (2)
- Surfactants (2)
- Synthesis and processing (2)
- TD-DFT (2)
- TEM (2)
- TRLFS (2)
- Taft equation (2)
- Temperature-memory effect (2)
- Tephrosia purpurea (2)
- Ti4O7 (2)
- TiO2 nanoparticles (2)
- Transmembranprotein (2)
- UV (2)
- UVR (2)
- Ultrazentrifuge (2)
- WAXS (2)
- Wasser (2)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2)
- XPS (2)
- Zwitterionen (2)
- ab initio (2)
- absorbtion fine-structure (2)
- acids (2)
- acinar-cells (2)
- activated urethane derivatives (2)
- air-water interface (2)
- aldehydes (2)
- ammonia synthesis (2)
- amorphous carbon (2)
- amorphous polymers (2)
- anchor peptides (2)
- anisotropic effects (2)
- anodes (2)
- anthracene (2)
- anti-fouling materials (2)
- antimicrobial polymers (2)
- antioxidants (2)
- aptamers (2)
- aqueous dispersion (2)
- aqueous-solution (2)
- aromaticity (2)
- arsenious acid (2)
- assembly (2)
- atropisomerism (2)
- attachment (2)
- augmented-wave method (2)
- azobenzenes (2)
- betaine (2)
- biocompatibility (2)
- biomarker (2)
- biorefineries (2)
- biosensors (2)
- bladder-cancer (2)
- bone tissue engineering (2)
- boronic acid (2)
- bottlebrush copolymers (2)
- bottom-up (2)
- bottom-up fabrication (2)
- brownian-motion (2)
- cadmium-free (2)
- calcium influx (2)
- calcium phosphate hybrid material (2)
- cancer (2)
- carbohydrate derivatives (2)
- carbohydrate‐ based (2)
- carbon dioxide (2)
- carbon materials (2)
- carbon monoxide (2)
- carbon-dioxide (2)
- carbon-dioxide capture (2)
- carboxyanhydrides (2)
- carcinogen exposure (2)
- carotenoids (2)
- catalyst (2)
- cathode (2)
- cement admixtures (2)
- cement hydration (2)
- cementitious material (2)
- charge transport (2)
- chemistry (2)
- chemoradiation therapy (2)
- chiral recognition (2)
- chirality (2)
- chromoionophore (2)
- citric acid (2)
- cluster (2)
- clusters (2)
- co-nonsolvency (2)
- coating (2)
- coatings (2)
- cobalt nanoparticles (2)
- cockroach salivary-glands (2)
- colloid (2)
- coloring agents (2)
- composite materials (2)
- concrete (2)
- construction (2)
- controlled polymerization (2)
- copolymerization (2)
- copper complex (2)
- copper-bearing minerals (2)
- core-shell (2)
- coumarins (2)
- critical solution temperature (2)
- cross-linking (2)
- cryo-electron microscopy (2)
- cryogel (2)
- crystal structures (2)
- crystallization behavior (2)
- crystals (2)
- cyclic voltammetry (2)
- cytosine methylation (2)
- damage (2)
- dendrimers (2)
- density functional theory (2)
- detector development (2)
- diazo compounds (2)
- diblock copolymers (2)
- dielectric spectroscopy (2)
- dienes (2)
- diimine-complexes (2)
- dimerization (2)
- dimerization of 4-nitrothiophenol (2)
- diode laser spectroscopy (2)
- dip-coating (2)
- disulfide (2)
- dna coiling (2)
- donor-acceptor systems (2)
- drug delivery system (2)
- drug discovery (2)
- drugs (2)
- dye (2)
- dye adsorption (2)
- dye mixture (2)
- dyes/pigments (2)
- dynamic HPLC (2)
- electrocatalysis (2)
- electrolytes (2)
- electron-transfer (2)
- electropolymerization (2)
- electrostatic interactions (2)
- elemental composition (2)
- ellipsometry (2)
- endoperoxides (2)
- enthalpy-entropy compensation (EEC) (2)
- enzyme reactions (2)
- europium (2)
- excision-repair (2)
- excitation (2)
- excited states (2)
- excluded volume (2)
- explosives (2)
- fiber Bragg gratings (2)
- fiber actuators (2)
- fiber etching (2)
- fiber-optical sensors (2)
- fibers (2)
- films (2)
- fish (2)
- flight search patterns (2)
- fluctuation-dissipation theorem (2)
- fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (2)
- fluorescence photobleaching recovery (2)
- fluorescent dyemonomers (2)
- foam (2)
- folding kinetics (2)
- fractional dynamics approach (2)
- frameworks (2)
- fronts (2)
- functional (2)
- g-quadruplex (2)
- gas (2)
- gas chromatography (2)
- gas permeation (2)
- gas sensing (2)
- gas-phase (2)
- gaussian processes (2)
- gene-expression (2)
- gene-regulation kinetics (2)
- genomic dna methylation (2)
- germacrane sesquiterpene lactone (2)
- glycolipids (2)
- gold nanoparticle assembly (2)
- gold nanostructures (2)
- gold nanotriangles (2)
- grafting-from (2)
- graphite (2)
- green polymers (2)
- grüne Chemie (2)
- hela-cells (2)
- hepcidin-25 (2)
- heteroatom-doped carbons (2)
- hierarchical porosity (2)
- hierarchische Porosität (2)
- human-cells (2)
- hybrid perovskites (2)
- hydrogen bonds (2)
- hydrogenation (2)
- hydrophilic polymers (2)
- hydrothermal (2)
- hydroxyl-functional poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (2)
- iPLS regression (2)
- imidazolium (2)
- immunoassay (2)
- in-situ (2)
- in-vitro (2)
- indicators (2)
- induced malignant-transformation (2)
- initio molecular-dynamics (2)
- inorganic perovskites (2)
- interactions (2)
- interferometry (2)
- intermittent chaotic systems (2)
- intracellular na+ (2)
- intracellular-transport (2)
- ion exchange (2)
- ion optodes (2)
- ionic liquid crystals (2)
- ionic liquid precursors (2)
- ionische Flüssigkeiten (2)
- ionogel (2)
- ionogels (2)
- ionophore (2)
- ketones (2)
- kontrollierte Polymerisation (2)
- kontrollierte radikalische Polymerisationen (2)
- lactones (2)
- laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2)
- lasso (2)
- levy flights (2)
- lifetime microscopy (2)
- ligand exchange (2)
- ligands (2)
- light (2)
- light-programmable viscosity (2)
- lignocellulosic biomass (2)
- liquids (2)
- lithium-sulfur battery (2)
- lithography (2)
- low-temperature NMR spectroscopy (2)
- lower (2)
- lubricant (2)
- magnetic manipulation (2)
- magnetische Nanopartikel (2)
- magnetite nanoparticles (2)
- maleimide (2)
- marine oils (2)
- mass-spectrometry (2)
- materials science (2)
- mechanical (2)
- mechanical strength (2)
- mercaptocarboxylic acids (2)
- mesocrystals (2)
- mesoporous materials (2)
- metabolites (2)
- metal (2)
- metal complex (2)
- metal coordination (2)
- metal oxides (2)
- metal peptide (2)
- metal species (2)
- metallic nanolattices (2)
- metallopeptide (2)
- metalloprotein (2)
- methylmercury (2)
- methyltransferases dnmt3a (2)
- microemulsions (2)
- microporous organic polymers (2)
- microscopy (2)
- microwave synthesis (2)
- miniemulsion (2)
- modeling (2)
- modified Mannich reaction (2)
- molecular dynamics (2)
- molecular oxygen (2)
- molecular switches (2)
- molecular thermometers (2)
- molecular-mechanisms (2)
- molecularly imprinted polymers (2)
- molekulare Schalter (2)
- monolayer formation (2)
- mu-DSC (2)
- multishell (2)
- nanoclusters (2)
- nanocomposites (2)
- nanoflowers (2)
- nanoreactor (2)
- nanostructure fabrication (2)
- naphthalenophanes (2)
- naphthalimide (2)
- natural products (2)
- negative ions (2)
- neutron reflectometry (2)
- nickel (2)
- nitride materials (2)
- nitrogen-doped carbon (2)
- nonaqueous synthesis (2)
- nonlinear optics (2)
- nutrients (2)
- oil (2)
- oligodepsipeptides (2)
- optical sensing (2)
- optical-properties (2)
- optimal control theory (2)
- organic dye pigments (2)
- organic ligand (2)
- organic–inorganic hybrid (2)
- organische Synthese (2)
- oxaloacetic acid (2)
- oxygen heterocycles (2)
- oxygen reduction reaction (2)
- oxygenation (2)
- pH-responsive (2)
- palmitoylation (2)
- paper (2)
- patchy particles (2)
- perfluorocarbon emulsion (2)
- periplaneta-americana (2)
- perovskite (2)
- phase morphology (2)
- phase-transitions (2)
- phenols (2)
- phosgene-free synthesis (2)
- photo-dehydro-Diels-Alder reaction (2)
- photochromism (2)
- photodehydro-Diels-Alder reaction (2)
- photofragmentation (2)
- photoluminescence (2)
- photon-counting statistics (2)
- photonic crystals (2)
- photonic wires (2)
- photooxidation (2)
- photoswitches (2)
- pickering emulsion (2)
- plasmonic chemistry (2)
- platelets (2)
- poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (2)
- poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (2)
- poly(dimethylsiloxane) (2)
- poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (2)
- poly(ionic liquid) (2)
- poly(ionic liquid)s (2)
- polyacrylamide (2)
- polyampholyte (2)
- polyampholytes (2)
- polybutadiene (2)
- polydimethylsiloxane wrinkles (2)
- polyester (2)
- polyesterurethanes (2)
- polylactide (2)
- polymer amphiphile (2)
- polymer degradation (2)
- polymeric sensors (2)
- polypeptides (2)
- polypeptoids (2)
- polysoaps (2)
- polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (2)
- polysulfabetaine (2)
- poly‐ ε ‐ caprolactone (2)
- porosity (2)
- porous carbon materials (2)
- porous silicon (2)
- post-polymerization modification (2)
- protein binding (2)
- protein carbonyls (2)
- protein-phenol interactions (2)
- protein-polymer conjugate (2)
- proximal soil sensing (2)
- purity (2)
- quantum chemistry (2)
- racemization (2)
- radiation therapy (2)
- radiosensitizers (2)
- rare earth elements (2)
- rat (2)
- ratiometric (2)
- reaction monitoring (2)
- reactive oxygen species (2)
- reactivity (2)
- recognition (2)
- recombinant protein (2)
- redox polymers (2)
- renewable resources (2)
- resistive heating (2)
- resonant formation (2)
- responsive (2)
- responsive polymers (2)
- responsive systems (2)
- reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) (2)
- reversible shape-memory actuator (2)
- review (2)
- rheology (2)
- ringöffnende Polymerisation (2)
- rp-hplc (2)
- salt (2)
- salt melt templating (2)
- salts (2)
- samples (2)
- scale (2)
- sclerotization (2)
- self-assembled monolayers (2)
- self-healing (2)
- semiconductors (2)
- sensor (2)
- separation (2)
- sequence dependence (2)
- sers (2)
- shape-memory (2)
- shape-memory polymer (2)
- shape-memory polymers (2)
- shape‐memory polymer actuators (2)
- shieldings (TSNMRS) (2)
- silica nanoparticles (2)
- single-molecule analysis (2)
- single-strand breaks (2)
- sodium green (2)
- soft actuators (2)
- soft-templating (2)
- soil nutrients (2)
- solar cells (2)
- solvatochromism (2)
- solvent effect (2)
- sortase-mediated ligation (2)
- spatial-organization (2)
- spectroscopic ellipsometry (2)
- spent coffee (2)
- spiked and crumble gold nanotriangles (2)
- step (2)
- stereocomplexation (2)
- stereoselective-synthesis (2)
- strand breakage (2)
- structure (2)
- substituent effects (2)
- sulfur host (2)
- supercapacitor (2)
- superparamagnetic (2)
- supported gold (2)
- supramolecular chemistry (2)
- surface interaction (2)
- surfaces (2)
- switches (2)
- synthetic biology (2)
- system (2)
- tandem solar cells (2)
- tannic acid (2)
- tetrapyrroles (2)
- thermo-responsive polymers (2)
- thermochemistry (2)
- thermodynamics (2)
- thermoplastics (2)
- thermoresponsive Polymere (2)
- thermoresponsive materials (2)
- thermoresponsive polymer (2)
- thermosensitive (2)
- thio-dimethylarsinic acid (2)
- thrombogenicity (2)
- tight-binding (2)
- time random-walks (2)
- time-dependent configuration interaction (2)
- tin-rich ITO (2)
- transition (2)
- transmembrane protein (2)
- triangular-[4] phenylene (2)
- trivalent (2)
- ultra-fast laser inscription (2)
- ultrafast (2)
- undulated (2)
- upconversion nanoparticles (2)
- upper critical solution temperature (2)
- ventricular myocytes (2)
- vesicle (2)
- vitro toxicological characterization (2)
- wavelength (2)
- weak ergodicity breaking (2)
- wrinkled stamps (2)
- yolk@shell materials (2)
- zwitterionic group (2)
- zwitterions (2)
- "Reactive Flux" Ratenkonstanten (1)
- "Spacer"-Gruppe (1)
- "click" chemistry (1)
- "water-in-salt" (1)
- (+)-Tephrodin (1)
- (1)H NMR (1)
- (13)C NMR (1)
- (NMR) (1)
- (S)-Elatadihydrochalcone (1)
- (S)-Lupinifolin 4´-methyl ether (1)
- (TSNMRS) (1)
- ) (1)
- -Acetoxy esters (1)
- 1 (1)
- 1,1-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrosiline (1)
- 1,2,3-triazoles (1)
- 1,2,4-Dithiazole (1)
- 1,2-Disulfonamides (1)
- 1,2-Dithiole (1)
- 1,2-Dithiosquarate,1,2-Dithiosquaratonickelate (1)
- 1,2-diboretane-3-ylidene (1)
- 1,2-dithiooxalate (1)
- 1,2-dithiosquarate (1)
- 1,2-dithiosquaratometalate (1)
- 1,3-Azasilinanes (1)
- 1,3-Dienes (1)
- 1,3-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-1,3-azasilinane (1)
- 1,3-Oxasilinanes (1)
- 1,4,2-Oxazasilinanes (1)
- 1,5-Dienes (1)
- 1-(Dimethylamino)-1-phenyl-1-silacyclohexane (1)
- 1-Methylthio-1-phenyl-1-silacyclohexane (1)
- 10-Methoxy-10,7 '-(chrysophanol anthrone)-chrysophanol (1)
- 1D structures (1)
- 2 (1)
- 2'-bipyridine (1)
- 2,10-Bis-(3-aminopropyloxy)dibenzo[aj]perylene-8,16-dione (1)
- 2,2-Disubstituted adamantane derivatives (1)
- 2-Alkylidene-4-oxothiazolidine (1)
- 2-Dicyanoethene-1 (1)
- 2-Dithiooxalate (1)
- 2-Dithiosquarate (1)
- 2-Hydroxyethylammonium 1-R-indol-3-ylsulfanylacetates (1)
- 2-Substituted adamantane derivatives (1)
- 2-Thiodisaccharide (1)
- 2-Thiodisaccharides (1)
- 2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phoshphate aldolase (1)
- 2-dithiolate (1)
- 2-oxazoline (1)
- 2D films (1)
- 2D material (1)
- 2D materials (1)
- 2D-LC-MS/MS (1)
- 2D-Material (1)
- 2P cross section (1)
- 3,4-Dihydroisoquinoline (1)
- 3,4-Propylenedioxythiophene (1)
- 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (1)
- 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyran (1)
- 3,6-Diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes (1)
- 3,8-Diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (1)
- 3-Fluoro-3-methyl-3-silatetrahydropyran (1)
- 3-Hydroxyisoflavanone (1)
- 3-Oxo-14 alpha, 15 alpha-epoxyschizozygine (1)
- 3-Silatetrahydropyrans (1)
- 3-silathianes (1)
- 315 nm (1)
- 3D (1)
- 3D electrode structures (1)
- 3D flower superstructures (1)
- 3D printed flow-cell (1)
- 3D structure (1)
- 3D-printing (1)
- 3c,2e-bonding (1)
- 4 (1)
- 4'-Bis(tert-butyl)-2 (1)
- 4,4 '-Bis(tert-butyl)-2,2 '-bipyridine (1)
- 4,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-thiasiline (1)
- 4-Nitrophenol (1)
- 4-Oxothiazolidine (1)
- 4-Substituted cyclohexanones (1)
- 4-methylene-cyclohexyl pivalate (1)
- 4-silapiperidines (1)
- 4-silathianes (1)
- 473 nm (1)
- 4D NOESY (1)
- 4D-actuation (1)
- 5'-neolignane (1)
- 5-Hexadecanoylaminofluorescein (1)
- 5-Hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione 5,8-Dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione (1)
- 6 alpha-Hydroxy-alpha-toxicarol (1)
- 6-Mercaptopurine (1)
- 6-disilamorpholines (1)
- 8 (1)
- 8-oxohobartine (1)
- 9-Arylfluorenes (1)
- 946 nm (1)
- A-values of COOAr on cyclohexane (1)
- ABC triblock copolymer (1)
- ACC (1)
- ADC(2) (1)
- ADMET polymerization (1)
- ALTONA equation (1)
- AM1 calculations (1)
- AOT (1)
- AOT/BDAC micelles (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- Ab initio MO computations (1)
- Ab initio quantum chemical methods and calculations (1)
- Ab-initio calculations (1)
- Acetone process (1)
- Acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases (1)
- Acids (1)
- Activation parameters (1)
- Actuator (1)
- Actuators (1)
- Additive (1)
- Additive manufacturing (1)
- Additivity of conformational energies (1)
- Adipocyte (1)
- Adsorbatschwingungen (1)
- Adsorption isotherm (1)
- Adsorption kinetic (1)
- Adsorption models (1)
- Adsorption of uremic toxins (1)
- Adsorptionsaktivität (1)
- Aerogele (1)
- Aerogels (1)
- Aerophobicity (1)
- African medicinal plants (1)
- Afrikanische Heilpflanzen (1)
- Ag nanoparticles (1)
- Ag/peptide@SiO(2) nanostructures (1)
- AgAu alloy nanoparticles (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aggregation (1)
- Air bubble repellence (1)
- Aktivierungsentropie (1)
- Alcohols (1)
- Aldehyde oxidase (1)
- Aldehydes (1)
- Aldol condensation (1)
- Alkenes (1)
- Alkenyl cyclohexanone (1)
- Alkenyl cyclohexenone (1)
- Alkylation (1)
- Alkylpyridinium-Salze (1)
- Alkyls (1)
- All-Carbon-Kompositen (1)
- Allylamides (1)
- Allylic compounds (1)
- Allylic oxidation (1)
- Aloe secundiflora (1)
- Aloesaponarin I (1)
- Alternating polyampholytes (1)
- Alumina (1)
- Aluminiumlegierung (1)
- Aluminiumoberfläche (1)
- Amin (1)
- Amine (1)
- Amines (1)
- Amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (1)
- Amino acids (1)
- Aminonaphthol (1)
- Aminonaphthols (1)
- Aminosäuren (1)
- Ammonia (1)
- Amphiphile (1)
- Amphiphiles (1)
- Amphiphilic Polymers (1)
- Amphiphilic diblock copolymers (1)
- Amyloid peptide (1)
- Analogies/Transfer (1)
- Analysis scattering kernel (1)
- Analytische Ultrazentrifugation (1)
- Angle-dependent X-ray induced photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Anionic surfactant (1)
- Anisotrope Kolloide (1)
- Anisotropic gold nanoplatelets (1)
- Annelation effect (1)
- Annulation (1)
- Anode (1)
- Anodes (1)
- Anomerization (1)
- Anserine (1)
- Anthracene (1)
- Anti-HIV (1)
- Anti-Plasmodial activity (1)
- Anti-aromaticity (1)
- Anti-inflammatory (1)
- Antibody (1)
- Antibody binding (1)
- Anticancer (1)
- Antifouling surfaces (1)
- Antikörper-Färbung (1)
- Antileishmanial (1)
- Antimalarial drug detection (1)
- Antimalarial plants (1)
- Antimicrobial activities (1)
- Antimicrobial activity (1)
- Antioxidant (1)
- Antiretroviral drugs (1)
- Antiviral (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Aptamer (1)
- Arabica coffee (1)
- Arabidopsis (1)
- Aristotelia chilensis (1)
- Aromatic compounds (1)
- Aromatic or quinonoid (1)
- Artemisinin (1)
- Aryllithium compounds (1)
- Assemblierung (1)
- Assignment of stereochemistry (1)
- Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (1)
- Atropisomerism (1)
- Atropselecrivity (1)
- Au nanoarrays (1)
- Au-Pd nanorods (1)
- Aufarbeitung von Fruktose (1)
- Aufkonversion (1)
- Auger electron spectroscopy (1)
- Automated data evaluation (1)
- Axial chirality (1)
- Azadironolide (1)
- Azobenzol (1)
- B,N heterocycles (1)
- B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) calculations (1)
- B3LYP/6-311++G** (1)
- BBTP (1)
- Ball milling (1)
- Band structure (1)
- Bariumtitanat (1)
- Barrier to rotation about C-N bond (1)
- Basis sets (1)
- BeWo b30 (1)
- Beer mashing (1)
- Benetzung (1)
- Bentonite clay (1)
- Benzazepine (1)
- Benzenoid structure (1)
- Benzenoid structures (1)
- Benzoboroxol (1)
- Benzoic acid esters (1)
- Benzyne-allene or cumulene-like structure (1)
- Berry Phase (1)
- Berry-Phase (1)
- Beschallung (1)
- Beschichtungsanwendung (1)
- Beta-Lactoglobulin (1)
- Betaines (1)
- Betulin (1)
- Biflavonoid (1)
- Bifunctional catalysts (1)
- Binding assay (1)
- Binding pocket position (1)
- Bio-inspired mineralization (1)
- Bioactive surfaces (1)
- Biobased Polymers (1)
- Biobasierte Polymere (1)
- Biochemistry (1)
- Biochromophore (1)
- Bioconjugation (1)
- Biohybrid-Membran (1)
- Bioinspiration (1)
- Bioinspired (1)
- Biokompatibilität (1)
- Biokonjugate (1)
- Biokonjugation (1)
- Biological Sciences (1)
- Biological activity (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Biomasseverwertung (1)
- Biomaterialien (1)
- Biomimetic sensors (1)
- Biomimetik (1)
- Biomineralisation (1)
- Biomineralisierung (1)
- Biomineralization (1)
- Biomodification (1)
- Biomolecular interactions (1)
- Biomolecules coupling (1)
- Biophotonik (1)
- Biophysical chemistry (1)
- Biopolymer material (1)
- Biopolymers (1)
- Biorefinery (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Biosensoren (1)
- Bioseparation (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Birth Weight (1)
- Block Copolymer (1)
- Block-Copolymere (1)
- Block-copolymer (1)
- Blockcopolymervesikel (1)
- Bodengas (1)
- Bombyx mori silk (1)
- Bone repair material (1)
- Books (1)
- Born-Oppenheimer MD (1)
- Boron exposure (1)
- Boronsäure (1)
- Bottom-up fabrication (1)
- Bound states (1)
- Bragg coherent x-ray diffractive imaging (1)
- Breakthrough (1)
- Breakthrough curve (1)
- Breakthrough time (1)
- Brewster angle microscopy (1)
- Brewsterwinkel-Mikroskopie (1)
- Brownian motion (1)
- Bulbine frutescens (1)
- Bulk-mediated diffusion (1)
- C (1)
- C-13 (1)
- C-13 NMR (1)
- C-13 NMR spectroscopy (1)
- C-13 chemical shift (1)
- C-13 chemical shift difference Delta delta(C C) (1)
- C-13 chemical shifts (1)
- C-C Bindungsknüpfung (1)
- C-C bond formation (1)
- C-reactive (1)
- C-reactive protein (1)
- C. bonducella (1)
- C2N (1)
- C3N (1)
- C3N5 (1)
- C?H oxidation (1)
- CAACs (1)
- CAL-72 osteoblasts (1)
- CAM-B3LYP (1)
- CC2 calculations (1)
- CH center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds (1)
- CN (1)
- CN materials (1)
- CN-Materialien (1)
- CO 2 reduction reaction (1)
- CO2 capture (1)
- CO2-Abscheidung (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CXNY (1)
- Cadmium (1)
- Calcium (1)
- Calciumcarbonat (1)
- Campylobacter jejuni (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Car-Parrinello (1)
- Carbamoyl tetrazoles (1)
- Carbazole (1)
- Carbene or zwitterions (1)
- Carbide (1)
- Carbides (1)
- Carbohydrate (1)
- Carbohydrate mimics (1)
- Carbon materials (1)
- Carbonitrides (1)
- Carbonization (1)
- Carboxyfluorescein (1)
- Carboxylic -acids (1)
- Carboxyrhodamine (1)
- Carica papaya seeds (1)
- Cartilage repair (1)
- Carvotacetones (1)
- Cassiamin A (1)
- Cassiamin B (1)
- Castor oil (1)
- Catalysis (1)
- Catalysts (1)
- Catalytic reaction (1)
- Cation exchange Capacity (1)
- Cationic surfactants (1)
- Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (1)
- Ce/Zr (1)
- Celastraceae (1)
- Cell engineering (1)
- Cell staining (1)
- Cellular uptake (1)
- Cer Ammonium Nitrat (CAN) (1)
- Cereals (1)
- Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) (1)
- Ceroxid (1)
- Chalkogenide (1)
- Characterisation (1)
- Charakterisierung (1)
- Chelates (1)
- Chelation effect (1)
- Chemical Sensors (1)
- Chemical Synthesis (1)
- Chemical calculations (1)
- Chemical dynamics (1)
- Chemical shift assignment (1)
- Chemie (1)
- Chemische Synthese (1)
- Chemotaxonomy (1)
- Chiral auxiliaries (1)
- Chiral dopants (1)
- Chiralität <Chemie> (1)
- Chitolectins (1)
- Chitolektine (1)
- Chitosanase (1)
- Chlorophyll b (1)
- Cholesterin (1)
- Chromatographie (1)
- Chromophores (1)
- Chronic kidney disease (1)
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) (1)
- Cinnamylidene acetic acid (1)
- Citrazinsäure (1)
- Claisen rearrangement (1)
- Classical MD (1)
- Clay-polymer nanocomposite - CPN (1)
- Click Chemistry (1)
- Cluster chemistry (1)
- Cluster model (1)
- Co-Nonsolvency (1)
- Co-expression (1)
- Coating Applications (1)
- Cobalt Nanopartikeln (1)
- Coffee beans (1)
- Coherences (1)
- Coherent states (1)
- Collaborative/Cooperative Learning (1)
- Collagen (1)
- Collagen-binding peptide (1)
- Collagenase (1)
- Collision cross-section (1)
- Colloidal lithography (1)
- Composite adsorbents (1)
- Composite hydrogels (1)
- Computational chemistry (1)
- Condensed thiazolidines (1)
- Confinement (1)
- Conformation analysis (1)
- Conformational equilibria (1)
- Conical Intersections (1)
- Contact angle (1)
- Continuum properties (1)
- Controlled polymer synthesis (1)
- Controlled polymerization (1)
- Coordination modes (1)
- Coordination polymers (1)
- Copolymere (1)
- Copper Metal Complexes (1)
- Copper(II) complexes (1)
- Core-shell-corona micelles (1)
- Corpora allata (1)
- Correlation function (1)
- Corylus avellana L. (1)
- Coumaronochromone (1)
- Coumestan (1)
- Counterions (1)
- Cross coupling (1)
- Cross-coupling reactions (1)
- Cross-metathesis (1)
- Crosslinking (1)
- Cryo-TEM (1)
- Crystal and molecular structure (1)
- Crystal packing (1)
- Crystal structures (1)
- Crystallization (1)
- Crystallography (1)
- CsPbI3 (1)
- Cu doped InP (1)
- Cu-dotiertes InP (1)
- CuO (1)
- Curriculum (1)
- Cyanine/merocyanine-like structures (1)
- Cyclazines (1)
- Cyclic GMP (1)
- Cyclobutylcarbene (1)
- Cyclodienes (1)
- Cyclohexyl esters (1)
- Cyclophanes (1)
- Cyclotella (1)
- Cytochrome C (1)
- C− H activation (1)
- D. melleri (1)
- DBD (1)
- DELLA (1)
- DFT and MP2 calculations (1)
- DFT and MP2 simulation (1)
- DFT calculation (1)
- DFT theoretical calculations (1)
- DFTB3 (1)
- DLS (1)
- DMSO (1)
- DNA Nanostrukturen (1)
- DNA Schädigung (1)
- DNA complexation (1)
- DNA copolymers (1)
- DNA nanostructures (1)
- DNA origami nanoantennas (DONA) (1)
- DNA origami nanostructures (1)
- DNA polyplexes (1)
- DNA recognition (1)
- DNA release (1)
- DNA-Origami (1)
- DNA-PEI polyplexes (1)
- DNS (1)
- DOHaD (1)
- DOPA (1)
- DSC (1)
- Dalbergia melanoxylon (1)
- Dark reactions (1)
- Dative vs. coordinative NHC -> BR3 bond (1)
- Debus-Radziszewski polymerization (1)
- Decontamination (1)
- Decorin (1)
- Defects (1)
- Defektchemie (1)
- Defekte (1)
- Deformation (1)
- Dehydration (1)
- Dehydro[n]annulenes (1)
- Delta-Kohn Sham method (1)
- Delta-Kohn-Sham (1)
- Density-matrix (1)
- Densityfunctional theory (1)
- Deoxyfructosazin (1)
- Dependent light scattering (1)
- Depolymerization (1)
- Depth profiling (1)
- Derris trifoliata (1)
- Design (1)
- Designed Biointerfaces (1)
- Designte Biointerface (1)
- Desorption (1)
- Desorption kinetics (1)
- Desymmetrization (1)
- Detektor (1)
- Detektor-Entwicklung (1)
- Detektorentwicklung (1)
- Detergents (1)
- Diagnostics (1)
- Diaminomaleonitrile (1)
- Diamondoide (1)
- Dianellin (1)
- Diastereomers assignment (1)
- Diatom (1)
- Diazonium salts (1)
- Dichtematrixtheorie offener Systeme (1)
- Dielectric properties (1)
- Differential mobility analysis (DMA) (1)
- Differentielle Mobilitätsanalyse (DMA) (1)
- Diffusion processes (1)
- Diffusionsbarriere (1)
- Dihydrobenzofurane (1)
- Dihydroxyaceton (1)
- Dilatations-Viskoelastizität (1)
- Dimensionsstabilität (1)
- Dimer (1)
- Dimeric anthraquinone (1)
- Diode laser (1)
- Discrete variable representation (1)
- Dispersion (1)
- Dissipation-Decoherence (1)
- Dissipation-Dekohärenz (1)
- Dissoziation (1)
- Dissoziative Elektronenanlagerung (1)
- Distance (1)
- Distance Learning (1)
- Disulfide (1)
- Diterpenoid (1)
- Docking (1)
- Docking study (1)
- Dodonaea angustifolia (1)
- Domino reactions (1)
- Doping (1)
- Doppelschichtstruktur (1)
- Doppelstrangbruch (1)
- Doppelt hydrophile Blockcopolymere (1)
- Double exponential model (1)
- Drop morphology (1)
- Drop profile analysis tensiometry (1)
- Drug Delivery (1)
- Drug loading (1)
- Drug metabolism (1)
- Dual Scale Factors (1)
- Dual scale factors (1)
- Dual-Responsiveness (1)
- Dynamic H-1-NMR (1)
- Dynamic HPLC (1)
- Dynamic equilibrium (1)
- Dynamic light scattering (1)
- Dynamik der Adsorption (1)
- E. coli (1)
- E. schliebenii (1)
- EIS (1)
- ERF (1)
- ESI (1)
- ESI-MS (1)
- ESR spectroscopy (1)
- Ecological risk assessment (1)
- Ecotoxicology (1)
- Einkapselung (1)
- Einkristalle (1)
- Einzelatomkatalyse (1)
- Einzelmoleküldetektion (1)
- Einzelstrangbruch (1)
- Eisen (1)
- Eisen-Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhrchen-Katalysatoren (1)
- Electrical conductivity (1)
- Electro-synthesized molecularly imprinted polymer (1)
- Electroactive Conjugated Polymer (1)
- Electrochemical impedance (1)
- Electrochemical sensor (1)
- Electrodeposition (1)
- Electron dynamics (1)
- Electronic materials (1)
- Electrosensing (1)
- Electrospray Ionization (1)
- Electrostatic effects (1)
- Elektrochemie (1)
- Elektrolytempfindlichkeit (1)
- Elektronenkorrelation (1)
- Elektronentomographie (1)
- Elektrospinnen (1)
- Ellipsometry (1)
- Emulsification (1)
- Emulsion Polymerization (1)
- Emulsion destabilization (1)
- Emulsionen (1)
- Emulsions (1)
- Emulsionspolymerisation (1)
- Enantioselectivity (1)
- Enegieanwendungen (1)
- Energiespeichermechanismus (1)
- Energieumwandlung (1)
- Energy Applications (1)
- Energy Transfer (1)
- Energy transfer (1)
- Energy-transfer probe (1)
- Enzym (1)
- Enzymatic degradation (1)
- Enzymatic milk coagulation (1)
- Enzymatic polymer degradation (1)
- Enzyme (1)
- Enzyme catalysis (1)
- Enzyme inhibitor (1)
- Enzymes (1)
- Equilibrium (1)
- Equilibrium constants (1)
- Equisetum hyemale (1)
- Erneuerbare Ressourcen (1)
- Ethers (1)
- European pear (1)
- Eutectic mixture (1)
- Excimer (1)
- Exciplex (1)
- Excited state proton transfer (1)
- Excited-state calculations; (1)
- External mass transfer (1)
- Extracellular Matrix (1)
- Extraction system development (1)
- Extrazelluläre Matrix (1)
- F(4)TCNQ (1)
- F-19 (1)
- F-C coupling constants (1)
- F12 methods (1)
- FAPbBr(3) (1)
- FLIM (1)
- FLNS (1)
- FSH (1)
- Fabry-Perot etalon (1)
- Falten (1)
- Farbstoff (1)
- Faser (1)
- Fastener (1)
- Fatty acids (1)
- Ferrofluid (1)
- Festkörperstruktur (1)
- Festphasensynthese (1)
- Fettsäure (1)
- Fettsäuren (1)
- Fiber-optical spectroscopy (1)
- Field flow fractionation (1)
- Filtration (1)
- First-Year Undergraduate/General (1)
- Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (1)
- Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese (1)
- Fixed bed (1)
- Flavonoids (1)
- Flexible linker (1)
- Fluorchemie (1)
- Fluorescence anisotropy (1)
- Fluorescence correlation (1)
- Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (1)
- Fluorescence life time (1)
- Fluorescence lifetime (1)
- Fluorescence lifetime probes (1)
- Fluorescent dyes (1)
- Fluorescent nanoconjugate (1)
- Fluoreszenz (1)
- Fluorierte Blockcopolymere (1)
- Fluoroassay (1)
- Fluorpolymere (1)
- Flüssig-/flüssig-Grenzflächen (1)
- Flüssigkeitszerstäubung (1)
- Flüssigphasenkatalyse (1)
- Formate (1)
- Formation constant (1)
- Formgedächtnispolymer (1)
- Formic acid (1)
- Formose (1)
- Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) (1)
- Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) system (1)
- Forster resonance energy transfer(FRET) (1)
- Fourier-transform infrared (1)
- Freistehende Membranen (1)
- Frequenzaufkonversion (1)
- Fruit quality (1)
- Function by design (1)
- Functional groups (1)
- Functional organic materials (1)
- Fungi (1)
- Funktionalisierung von Katalysatoren (1)
- Furans (1)
- Fusarium proliferatum (1)
- Fusicoccane diterpenes (1)
- Fällungsreaktion (1)
- Förster Resonanz Energie Transfer (1)
- Förster-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer (1)
- G-quadruplexes (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GIAO calculations (1)
- GIXD (1)
- GOIP (1)
- GP2 isoform alpha (1)
- Gadolinium (1)
- Games; (1)
- Gas Sorption (1)
- Gas chromatography (1)
- Gas phase (1)
- Gas sorption (1)
- Gas-phase electron diffraction (1)
- Gas-sorption (1)
- Gaseous Ions (1)
- Gaspermeation (1)
- Gate-effects (1)
- Gel polymer (1)
- Gelatin-chitosan composites (1)
- Gelatin-chitosan scaffolds (1)
- Gelatine (1)
- Gele (1)
- Gelieren (1)
- Generalized Langevin oscillator model (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Gestational diabetes (1)
- Gleichgewicht der Adsorption (1)
- Glucose (1)
- Glukose Oxidation (1)
- Glukoseoxidation (1)
- Glycol podands (1)
- Glycopeptoid (1)
- Glycoproteins (1)
- Glycosidation (1)
- Glycosides (1)
- Glycosylierung (1)
- Glykochemie (1)
- Glykogele (1)
- Glykokonjugat (1)
- Glykokonjugate (1)
- Glykolipide (1)
- Glykomonomer (1)
- Glykopeptid (1)
- Glykopolymer (1)
- Glykopolymer-Elektrolyt (1)
- Glykopolymere (1)
- Glykoproteine (1)
- Glykosylierung (1)
- Gold cluster (1)
- Gold nanostructure (1)
- Gold nanotriangles (1)
- Gold surface (1)
- Gold surfaces (1)
- Gold triangles (1)
- Gold-Kohlenstoff-Katalysatoren (1)
- Goldnanopartikel (1)
- Grafting-from polymerization (1)
- Graphen (1)
- Graphene derivates (1)
- Graphene oxide (1)
- Graphitic carbon nitride (1)
- Green Chemistry (1)
- Green rust (1)
- Green synthesis (1)
- Grenzfläche Lösung/Tetradecan (1)
- Grenzflächenaktivität (1)
- Grenzflächenchemie (1)
- Gripper (1)
- Grotthuss mechanism (1)
- Group Transfer polymerisation (1)
- Guatemala (1)
- H-1 (1)
- H-1 NMR spectroscopy (1)
- H. pubescens (1)
- H2O2 (1)
- HAART (1)
- HALS (1)
- HER (1)
- HIV (1)
- HMF oxidation (1)
- Halogenation (1)
- Halogenid-Perowskite (1)
- Hammett-Brown plots (1)
- Hapten (1)
- Hard carbons (1)
- Hard sphere model in the Percus-Yevick Approximation (1)
- Health (1)
- Heavy metal ions (1)
- Heck coupling (1)
- Heck reactions (1)
- Helicen (1)
- Hemiporphyrazines (1)
- Heparin (1)
- Hepatic clearance (1)
- Hepcidin (1)
- Heptazine (1)
- Herbicide (1)
- Heteroatom Doping (1)
- Heteroatom-Dotierung (1)
- Heteroatom-Modifikation (1)
- Heteroatom-dotierte Kohlenstoffe (1)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (1)
- Heterophase Polymerization (1)
- Heterophasenpolymerisation (1)
- Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (1)
- Hexagons and nanorods (1)
- High School/Introductory Chemistry (1)
- High-cell-density culture (1)
- High-harmonic generation (1)
- High-power lasers (1)
- High-resolution spectrometer (1)
- High-throughput (1)
- Highly functionalized dimeric triglycerides (1)
- Histone deacetylases (1)
- Hofmeister (1)
- Hofmeister effect (1)
- Hohlkugeln (1)
- Hollow Spheres (1)
- Holzmodifikation (1)
- Human donor blood (1)
- Human sulfite oxidase (1)
- Humic acid (1)
- Humic substances (1)
- Humor (1)
- Humor/Puzzles/Games (1)
- Hyalophora cecropia (1)
- Hyaluronsäure (1)
- Hybrid clay (1)
- Hybrid material (1)
- Hybrid materials synthesis (1)
- Hydroborierung (1)
- Hydrogel disks (1)
- Hydrogel microparticles (1)
- Hydrogel microspheres (1)
- Hydrogele (1)
- Hydrogelen (1)
- Hydrogen Bonds (1)
- Hydrogen Production (1)
- Hydrogen activation (1)
- Hydrogen bonds (1)
- Hydrogen peroxide (1)
- Hydrogen sulfide (1)
- Hydrogen-bonding (1)
- Hydrogenolyse (1)
- Hydrolyse (1)
- Hydrolytic degradation (1)
- Hydrolytic stability (1)
- Hydrophobic (1)
- Hydrophobin (1)
- Hydrophobizität (1)
- Hydrothermal Carbonization (1)
- Hydrothermal carbonisation (1)
- Hydrothermalkohle (1)
- Hydrotrope (1)
- Hydroxyapatit (1)
- Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (1)
- Hydroxyl (1)
- Hydroxymethylfurfural (1)
- Hypertension (1)
- Hyphenated techniques (1)
- Hypoestes verticillaris (1)
- Hypoosmotic stress (1)
- IFT (1)
- IMS (1)
- IR and Raman spectra (1)
- IR excitation (1)
- IR-Anregung (1)
- IRRAS (1)
- ISA (1)
- Ibuprofen (1)
- Imidazolate Frameworks Potsdam (1)
- Imidazole (1)
- Imidazolium (1)
- Immobilization (1)
- Immunoactive properties (1)
- In situ (1)
- In situ coating (1)
- In vitro (1)
- In vivo imaging system (IVIS) (1)
- In vivo-in vitro correlation (1)
- In-line monitoring (1)
- In-situ neutron reflectivity (1)
- InP nanowires (1)
- Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (IR-MALDI) (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Ink (1)
- Insulating films (1)
- Interchain interactions (1)
- Interfacial capacitance (1)
- Interfacial equilibrium (1)
- Internet (1)
- Interphase behavior (1)
- Intracellular bacteria (1)
- Ion exchange (1)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) (1)
- Ionen (1)
- Ionenmigration (1)
- Ionenmobilitäts-Berechnungen (1)
- Ionenmobilitätspektrometrie (1)
- Ionenmobilitätsspektrometry (IMS) (1)
- Ionic conductivity (1)
- Ionic monomers (1)
- Ionic selectivity (1)
- Ionic strength (1)
- Ionisationspotential (1)
- Ionisierungsenergie (1)
- Ionogel (1)
- Iron (1)
- Iron oxide (1)
- Iron/silver microflowers (1)
- Irradiation (1)
- Iso-chemical shielding surfaces (ICSS) (1)
- Isocyanates (1)
- Isoflavanones (1)
- Isoflavonoide (1)
- Isolations (1)
- Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (1)
- Isotherme Titrationskalorimetrie (1)
- Isothermen (1)
- Isothiocyanic acid (1)
- Isotop (1)
- Isotope detection (1)
- Isotope effect (1)
- Isotope exchange (1)
- Isotope ratio (1)
- Isotope ratios (1)
- JH-III-specific carrier protein (1)
- Jahn-Teller distortion (1)
- Janus (1)
- Janus drops (1)
- Janus emulsion (1)
- Journals (1)
- Juvenile hormone analogue (1)
- Karbonisierung (1)
- Karbonnitrid Ionothermalsynthese (1)
- Katalysator (1)
- Kathode (1)
- Kenusanone F 7-methyl ether (1)
- Keramik (1)
- Kern-Schale Aufkonvertierende Nanopartikel (1)
- Kerndynamik (1)
- Kernspin-Statistiken (1)
- Ki67 (1)
- Kinetic analysis (1)
- Kinetic model (1)
- Kinetik (1)
- Klassiche Simulationen (1)
- Kleinwinkelstreuung (1)
- Klick-Chemie (1)
- Klickchemie (1)
- Kniphofia foliosa (1)
- Knipholone cyclooxanthrone (1)
- Koaleszenz (1)
- Kohlenmaterialien (1)
- Kohlenmonoxid (1)
- Kohlenstoff-Nanopunkte (1)
- Kohlenstoff-Punkte (1)
- Kohlenstoffe auf Biomasse-Basis (1)
- Kohlenstoffmaterial (1)
- Kohlenstoffnitrid (1)
- Kohlenstoffnitrid (CN) (1)
- Kohlenstoffträger (1)
- Kol (1)
- Kollagen (1)
- Kollagenase (1)
- Komplexe (1)
- Kompositmaterial (1)
- Konformationsänderungen (1)
- Konischen Durchschneidungen (1)
- Koordinationskomplexe (1)
- Korrelationsfunktion (1)
- Kraft lignin hydrogenolysis (1)
- Kraftlignin (1)
- Kraftsensoren (1)
- Kristallisation von Dünnschichten (1)
- Kryo-Elektronenmikroskopie (1)
- L-929 fibroblasts (1)
- L-Cysteine (1)
- L-selectin (1)
- LC composites (1)
- LC polymer (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LCPs (1)
- LCST and UCST (1)
- LCST und UCST (1)
- LC−MS/MS (1)
- LED (1)
- LH (1)
- LII (1)
- LSPR (1)
- Lactose (1)
- Ladung Transport (1)
- Lake Peten-Itza (1)
- Langmuir Monoschicht (1)
- Langmuir layers (1)
- Langmuir monolayer degradation technique (1)
- Langmuir technique (1)
- Langmuir thin-films (1)
- Langmuir-Schaefer method (1)
- Langmuir-Schafer films (1)
- Langmuir-Schäfer-Methode (1)
- Lannea rivae (1)
- Lannea schweinfurthii (1)
- Lanthanide ions (1)
- Lanthano (1)
- Laponite (1)
- Large Stokes shifts (1)
- Large Stokes-shifts (1)
- Large-size (1)
- Laser ablation (1)
- Laser induced desorption (1)
- Laser ionization (1)
- Laser-Carbonization (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (1)
- Laserinduzierte Inkandeszenz (LII) (1)
- Laserinduzierte Plasmaspektroskopie (LIBS) (1)
- Laserkarbonisierung (1)
- Laserpulse (1)
- Laserpulskontrolle (1)
- Lasers (1)
- Lattice Boltzmann methods (1)
- Layer-by-Layer Glykopolymerbeschichtung (1)
- Layer-by-layer (1)
- Learning/Chemistry Education Research (1)
- Lectin (1)
- Legierungen (1)
- Leishmania (1)
- Lektin (1)
- Leptinotarsa decemlineata (1)
- Levoglucosenol (1)
- Levy flights (1)
- Li deposition (1)
- Li dissolution (1)
- Li metal (1)
- Li-Ionen-Akkus (1)
- Li-Ionen-Kondensator (1)
- Li-S (1)
- Li-S batteries (1)
- Li-S-Batterien (1)
- Li-ion batteries (1)
- Li-ion capacitor (1)
- LiFePO4 (1)
- Ligation (1)
- Light-harvesting complex II (1)
- Lignane (1)
- Lignans (1)
- Limonoid (1)
- Linienspannung (1)
- Lipid domain (1)
- Liquid chromatography (1)
- Liquid dispersion (1)
- Liquids (1)
- Lithiophilizität (1)
- Lithium ion battery (1)
- Lithium-Ionen-Kondensatoren (1)
- Lobelia tupa (1)
- Local density friction approximation (1)
- Localized surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Locust (1)
- Locusta migratoria (1)
- Low field MRI (1)
- Low temperature NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Low-temperature C-13 and Si-29 NMR (1)
- Low-temperature NMR (1)
- Low-temperature d-NMR (1)
- Lucigenin (1)
- Luminescence spectroscopy (1)
- Lupinifolin (1)
- Lysophosphatidylcholine (1)
- Lysotrackers (1)
- Lysozyme (1)
- Lävulinsäure (1)
- Löschung (1)
- Lösungsmittel (1)
- Lösungsmittel-thermisches Tempern (1)
- Lösungsmitteleffekte (1)
- Lösungsprozess (1)
- M062X/6-311G** calculations (1)
- MACE (1)
- MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (1)
- MALDI-ToF MS (1)
- MAPbX3 (1)
- MD simulations (1)
- MOF-derived catalysts (1)
- MP2 (1)
- MP2 and CCSD(T) calculations (1)
- MP2 calculations (1)
- MQAE (1)
- MSDA (1)
- Macrocyclic li-gands (1)
- Macromolecular architecture (1)
- Macrophage (1)
- Magnetic (1)
- Magnetic composites (1)
- Magnetic-responsive (1)
- Magnetisch (1)
- Magnetit Nanopartikel (1)
- Magnetite (1)
- Magnetite and gold nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetite nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetite-gold nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetization measurements (1)
- Magnetotactic bacteria (1)
- Main text (1)
- Makrozyklen (1)
- Malaria (1)
- Male (1)
- Mammea usambarensis (1)
- Mammea-type coumarins (1)
- Manganese (1)
- Manipulation of Emulsion Stability (1)
- Marangoni flow (1)
- Marangoni-Fluss (1)
- Markov processes (1)
- Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Mass transfer (1)
- Mass transfer zone (1)
- Materials Chemistry (1)
- Materialwissenschaft (1)
- Matrix IR spectrum (1)
- Matrix metalloproteinase (1)
- Matrix-unterstützte Laser-Desorption/Ionisation (IR-MALDI) (1)
- Matsuda-Heck reaction (1)
- Maytenus boaria (1)
- Maytenus disticha (1)
- Maytenus spp. (1)
- Melt crystallization (1)
- Membranforschung bzw. Membranwissenschaften (1)
- Mesh size (1)
- Mesh ultra-thin layer (1)
- Mesomeric equilibrium of carbene/zwitterion (1)
- Mesomerism (1)
- Mesopores (1)
- Mesoporosity (1)
- Mesoporosität (1)
- Mesoporous materials (1)
- Mesoporöse Materialien (1)
- Metal Chalcogenides (1)
- Metal complexation (1)
- Metal-free polymerization (1)
- Metal-organic framework (1)
- Metal-proton exchange reaction (1)
- Metalation (1)
- Metall (1)
- Metall-organische Gerüste (1)
- Metallcarbide (1)
- Metallchalkogenide (1)
- Metallnitrid-Kohlenstoff Komposite (1)
- Metallorganischen (1)
- Metalloxide (1)
- Methacrylat (1)
- Methacrylate (1)
- Methane (1)
- Methanogens (1)
- Methylmercury (1)
- Micellar polymers (1)
- Micr (1)
- Microalgae (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Microindentation (1)
- Microorganism (1)
- Microparticles Reagentless assay (1)
- Microperoxidase (1)
- Micropolarity (1)
- Micropollutants (1)
- Micropores (1)
- Microporosity (1)
- Microstructure (1)
- Microviscosity (1)
- Mikroalgen (1)
- Mikroemulsion (1)
- Mikroemulsionen (1)
- Mikrogel-Array (1)
- Mikrogele (1)
- Mikrogelketten (1)
- Mikrogelstränge (1)
- Mikrokapseln (1)
- Mikrokontaktdruck (1)
- Mikrotomographie (1)
- Mikrowellensynthese (1)
- Millettia dura (1)
- Millettia dura; (1)
- Millettia lasiantha (1)
- Millettia leucantha (1)
- Millettia micans (1)
- Millettia oblata ssp teitensis (1)
- Miniaturized cultivations (1)
- Miniemulsion (1)
- Mitochondrial ROS (1)
- Mixed-valent compounds (1)
- Mizellbildung (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modified Mannich reaction (1)
- Modified mycotoxins (1)
- Modified polymer resin (1)
- Modifizierung von Polymeren (1)
- Molecular (1)
- Molecular Collisions (1)
- Molecular Probe (1)
- Molecular biophysics (1)
- Molecular diversity (1)
- Molecular dynamics simulation (1)
- Molecular dynamics with friction (1)
- Molecular interaction design (1)
- Molecular rod (1)
- Molecular rods (1)
- Molecular structure (1)
- Molecular weight (1)
- Molecules (1)
- Molekulare Kollisionen (1)
- Molybdoenzymes (1)
- Monolayer (1)
- Monolayers (1)
- Monolith (1)
- Monomers (1)
- Monte Carlo (1)
- Monte-Carlo (1)
- Morpholindione (1)
- Morphologie von Kapseln (1)
- Morphology (1)
- Multi-Wellenlängen (1)
- Multi-drug resistance (1)
- Multi-method (1)
- Multiblock Copolymer (1)
- Multiblock copolymers (1)
- Multicompartment micelles (1)
- Multifunctional polyester networks (1)
- Multifunctionality (1)
- Multilayers (1)
- Multiple NHC(CAAC)-Boron bonds (1)
- Multivariate data analysis (1)
- Mundulea sericea (1)
- Muonic molecules (1)
- Muschelnachahmend (1)
- Mycotoxins (1)
- N (1)
- N-2 fixation (1)
- N-Alkylglycin (1)
- N-acetyl cysteine (1)
- N-acetyl glucosamine derivatives (1)
- N-acetyldopamine (1)
- N-alkyl-glycine (1)
- N-azobenzylchitosan (1)
- N-butylpyridinium bromide (1)
- N-carboxyanhydrid (1)
- N-carboxyanhydride (1)
- N-doped carbon (1)
- N-dotierter Kohlenstoff (1)
- N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) (1)
- N-methylnicotinamide (1)
- N-triflyl guanidines (1)
- N-unsubstituted (primary)S-thiocarbamates (1)
- N-unsubstituted(primary)O-thiocarbamates (1)
- N2 fixation (1)
- N2-Fixierung (1)
- NBO and STERIC analyses (1)
- NBO/NCS analysis (1)
- NHC (1)
- NICE-2014 (1)
- NIPAAm (1)
- NIR spectroscopy (1)
- NTF (1)
- Na+ homeostasis (1)
- Na+-K+-2Cl(-) cotransporter (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Nano-bioextractant (1)
- Nanocrystal growth (1)
- Nanofiber (1)
- Nanofibers (1)
- Nanofluidik (1)
- Nanohybrid (1)
- Nanokapseln (1)
- Nanokomposit (1)
- Nanolinsen (1)
- Nanoparticles, Adhesion, Interfaces, Bubble, Imaging (1)
- Nanopartikeln (1)
- Nanopartikeln-Anordnung (1)
- Nanoplastik (1)
- Nanoplättchen (1)
- Nanorods (1)
- Nanosensor (1)
- Nanospindeln (1)
- Nanostructured (1)
- Nanostruktur (1)
- Nanotoxicity (1)
- Nanotriangle stacking and welding (1)
- Nanotriangles (1)
- Naphthoquinone (1)
- Naphthoxazinoquinazolines (1)
- Naphthoxazinoquinazolinones (1)
- Naphthyridine receptor (1)
- Naphthyridines (1)
- Natrium-Ionen-Akkumulator (1)
- Natrium-Ionen-Batterie (1)
- Naturstoff (1)
- Nauclea diderrichii (1)
- Navicula perminuta (1)
- Near infra-red (1)
- Near infrared (1)
- Near infrared light triggered shape-recovery (1)
- Negative Poisson’s ratio (1)
- Negative control (1)
- Negatives Poisson-Verhältnis (1)
- Neodym-YAG-Laser (1)
- Neuroleptics (1)
- Neutron spin echo (1)
- Neutron spin-echo spectroscopy (1)
- Neutron tomography (1)
- Neutronen Diffraktion (1)
- Neutronen Reflektometrie (1)
- Ni nanodots (1)
- Ni-O4 electrocatalysts (1)
- Ni2F5 (1)
- NiTi (1)
- Nichtlineare Spektroskopie (1)
- Nichtwässrige Synthese (1)
- Nickel (1)
- Nickel oxide (1)
- Nickel-Kohlenstoff-Katalysatoren (1)
- Nitrogen Physisorption (1)
- Nitroxides (1)
- Noble carbon (1)
- Non-CYP enzymes (1)
- Non-adiabatic transitions (1)
- Non-destructive (1)
- Nonadiabatic effects (1)
- Nonenzymatic (1)
- Nontarget terrestrial plants (1)
- Novozym 435 (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1)
- Nuclear-Spin-Statistics (1)
- Nucleophilic addition (1)
- Nucleotide nanosensor (1)
- Nukleation (1)
- Nukleierung (1)
- Numerical propagation (1)
- O-methyltransferase (1)
- OER (1)
- OH suppression (1)
- OLED (1)
- ORMOCER (R) (1)
- ORR (1)
- Oberflächen (1)
- Oberflächenkräfte (1)
- Oberflächenmodifikation (1)
- Oberflächenmodifizierung (1)
- Oberflächenpotential (1)
- Oberflächentopografie (1)
- Oberfächen (1)
- Occupation quotient pi*/pi (1)
- Olefin Metathese (1)
- Olefin isomerization (1)
- Olefin metathesis (1)
- Olefin self- and cross-metathesis (1)
- Oligo(ethylene glycol) (1)
- Oligo(omega-pentadecalactone) (1)
- Oligodepsipeptide (1)
- Oligoglycerols (1)
- Oligomere (1)
- Oligomers (1)
- On-demand Freisetzung (1)
- On.Line Monitoring (1)
- One-cycle laser pulses (1)
- Open Source (1)
- Open quantum systems (1)
- Optical fiber (1)
- Optical oxygen sensor (1)
- Optical parameter set (1)
- Optical sensor (1)
- Optimale Kontrolltheorie (1)
- Optode (1)
- Ordering transitions (1)
- Organic electrode (1)
- Organic photovoltaic Cell (1)
- Organic structure (1)
- Organische Photovoltaikzelle (1)
- Organo-Silikate (1)
- Organocatalytic polymerization (1)
- Organogel (1)
- Organosilica (1)
- Ormocarpum kirkii (1)
- Orthoptera (1)
- Oscillating Bubble (1)
- Oxalat-Fällung (1)
- Oxidkeramik (1)
- Oxo-Kohlenstoff (1)
- Oxygen sensing (1)
- PAH (1)
- PARAFAC (1)
- PCM (1)
- PDA (1)
- PDLLGA (1)
- PDMS surface grafting (1)
- PEG brushes (1)
- PEG-Funktionalisierung (1)
- PEG6000 (1)
- PHA-depolymerases (1)
- PHEMA (1)
- PISA (1)
- PMS activation (1)
- POF; Reliabilität; Abbau; Chemilumineszenz (1)
- POF; reliability; degradation; chemiluminescence (1)
- PQQ-GDH (1)
- PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (1)
- PZT (1)
- Packaging (1)
- Palladium ion (1)
- Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of arenediazonium salts with organoindium or organobismuth reagents (1)
- Paratope (1)
- Partial least squares regression (PLSR) (1)
- Particle shape (1)
- Particle size (1)
- Pastillation (1)
- Patchy Partikel (1)
- Pd catalysis (1)
- Pear (1)
- Pendant drop tensiometry (1)
- Penicillium digitatum (1)
- Pentylsedinine (1)
- Peptid (1)
- Peptid-Polymer-Konjugate (1)
- Peptide coating (1)
- Peptiden (1)
- Percolation (1)
- Peripheral ring current (1)
- Perovskite (1)
- Perovskites (1)
- Perowskit (1)
- Perowskit Solarzellen (1)
- Perowskit Vorläuferstadien (1)
- Perowskite (1)
- Perylen (1)
- Phagocytosis (1)
- Phantoms (1)
- Phasenübergang (1)
- Phasenübergänge (1)
- Phenols (1)
- Phenylacetylide (1)
- Phenylanthraquinone (1)
- Phosphate (1)
- Phosphate recovery (1)
- Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C 32:1 (1)
- Phospholipids (1)
- Phosphorescence lifetime (1)
- Photo-Dehydro-Diels-Alder reaction (1)
- Photochemische Reaktionen (1)
- Photodesorption (1)
- Photodynamics (1)
- Photoelektronenspektroskopie (1)
- Photoinduced optical anisotropy (1)
- Photoinitiierte Polymerisationen (1)
- Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy (1)
- Photon density waves (1)
- Photonendichtewellen (1)
- Photopolymer (1)
- Photopolymers (1)
- Photoresponsive polymers (1)
- Photovoltaics (1)
- Physical Crosslinking (1)
- Physical Network (1)
- Physical chemistry (1)
- Physikalische Vernetzung (1)
- Phytopathogens (1)
- Pi interactions (1)
- Pickering Emulsion (1)
- Pickering interfacial catalysis (1)
- Piperidine alkaloid (1)
- Plant Material (1)
- Plant community model (1)
- Plant reproduction (1)
- Plasmid DNA production (1)
- Platelet (1)
- Platycelphium voense (1)
- Platyisoflavanone (1)
- Pleistocene (1)
- Pleurotus ostreatus (1)
- Plume (1)
- Pluronics (1)
- Polar effect (1)
- Polar substituent constant (1)
- Polarization elements (1)
- Poly vinyl alcohol (1)
- Poly(2-oxazoline) (1)
- Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamid) (1)
- Poly(N-Isopropylmethacrylamid) (1)
- Poly(N-Vinylisobutyramid) (1)
- Poly(allyl alcohol)s (1)
- Poly(carbonate-urea-urethane)s (1)
- Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) networks (1)
- Poly(ether imide) (1)
- Poly(ionic liquid) (1)
- Poly(ionische Flüssigkeit) (1)
- Poly(lactic acid) (1)
- Poly(n-butyl acrylate) (1)
- Poly(trimethylsilylpropyne) matrix (1)
- Poly(ε-caprolacton) (1)
- Poly-alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes (1)
- Poly-epsilon-caprolactone (1)
- PolyNIPAM (1)
- Polyaromatic fragments (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1)
- Polyeste r (1)
- Polyester (1)
- Polyesterurethane (1)
- Polyether (1)
- Polyether ether ketone (1)
- Polyethylene imine (1)
- Polyglycin (1)
- Polyimides (1)
- Polykondensation (1)
- Polylactid (1)
- Polylactide stereocomplex (1)
- Polymer Modification (1)
- Polymer architecture (1)
- Polymer capped gold nanoparticles (1)
- Polymer dispersions (1)
- Polymer functionalization (1)
- Polymer micronetwork colloids (1)
- Polymer network properties (1)
- Polymer networks (1)
- Polymer physics (1)
- Polymer-clay composite (1)
- Polymer-coating (1)
- Polymer-modified surfaces (1)
- Polymeric substrate (1)
- Polymerizable surfactant (1)
- Polymerization (1)
- Polymerized ionic liquids (1)
- Polymernetzwerk (1)
- Polymerphysik (1)
- Polymers on surfaces (1)
- Polymersynthese (1)
- Polymertenside (1)
- Polymilchsäure (1)
- Polyolefin (1)
- Polypeptide (1)
- Polypeptoid (1)
- Polypeptoide (1)
- Polypeptoids (1)
- Polyplexes (1)
- Polystyrene-divinylbenzene (1)
- Polysulfobetaine (1)
- Porosimetry (1)
- Porous (1)
- Porous poly(ether imide) microparticulate absorbers (1)
- Porous scaffold (1)
- Poröse Materialien (1)
- Poröser Kohlenstoff (1)
- Poröser Stoff (1)
- Porösität (1)
- Post-Modifikationen (1)
- Post-polymerization modification (1)
- Potato (1)
- Precipitation (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Process (1)
- Proline (1)
- Protein Microcapsules (1)
- Protein delivery (1)
- Protein structure (1)
- Protein voltammetry (1)
- Protein-NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Protein-Polymer Konjugaten (1)
- Protein-Polymer-Konjugat (1)
- Protein-polymer conjugate (1)
- Proteinadsorption (1)
- Proteincharakterisierung (1)
- Proteinmikrokapseln (1)
- Proteins (1)
- Protic 2-hydroxyethylammonium ionic liquids (1)
- Proton transfer reaction (1)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1)
- Pterocarpan (1)
- Pulse duration (1)
- Pulsed interleaved excitation (1)
- Push-pull alkynes (1)
- Push-pull allenes (1)
- Puzzles (1)
- Pyrene (1)
- Pyrimidines (1)
- QD device (1)
- QD stability (1)
- QD-Gerät (1)
- QD-Stabilität (1)
- QM/MM Molekulardynamik (1)
- QM/MM stochastic dynamics (1)
- QuEChERS (1)
- Quadratsäure (1)
- Quality (1)
- Quantenchemie (1)
- Quantendynamik (1)
- Quantendynamische Simulationen (1)
- Quantification of contrast agent (1)
- Quantum Chemical Calculations (1)
- Quantum Dot (1)
- Quantum Dots (1)
- Quantum chemistry (1)
- Quantum mechanics (1)
- Quantumdots (1)
- Quartz Crystal (1)
- Quasi-aromaticity (1)
- Quinonoid structure (1)
- Quotient method (1)
- Química de Coloides (1)
- RA-intramolecular hydrogen bond (1)
- RAFT dispersion polymerization (1)
- RAFT, Polymerisation (1)
- RAFT-Polymerization (1)
- RAFT/MADIX Polymerisation (1)
- RAFT/MADIX polymerization (1)
- RGD peptides (1)
- RGD-peptide (1)
- ROP (1)
- Radiative transport (1)
- Radical polymerization (1)
- Radicals (1)
- Radikalreaktionen (1)
- Radiosensibilisator (1)
- Random copolymer (1)
- Rapeseed cake (1)
- Rapeseed oil (1)
- Rare-earth elements (1)
- Reaction mechanisms (1)
- Reaction monitoring (1)
- Reaction products (1)
- Reactive adsorption (1)
- Reactive foaming (1)
- Reagents (1)
- Reaktion (1)
- Reaktionsmechanismen (1)
- Reaktionsmechanismus (1)
- Rearrangement to trithiaazapentalene (1)
- Redox chemistry (1)
- Redox polymer (1)
- Redoxchemie (1)
- Reduced scattering coefficient (1)
- Reduction (1)
- Regioselectivity (1)
- Release (1)
- Release studies (1)
- Renewable Resources (1)
- Reproductive toxicity (1)
- Rerenzmaterial (1)
- Residual dipolar couplings (1)
- Resonante Energie Transfer (1)
- Resonanz-Raman-Spektroskopie (1)
- Respiration (1)
- Responsive polymers (1)
- Responsivity (1)
- Reverse microemulsions (1)
- Reversibility (1)
- Rheologie (1)
- Rhodamine 6G (1)
- Rhodium (1)
- Ring method (1)
- Ring tensiometry (1)
- Ring-current effect (1)
- Ringöffnungspolymerisation (1)
- Robotic synthesis (1)
- Robotics (1)
- Rod-like Polymers (1)
- Root zone processes (1)
- Rotational barriers (1)
- RuBisCO (1)
- Ruthenium complexes (1)
- Röntgenbeugung (1)
- Röntgenstrahlung (1)
- S li-gands (1)
- S ligands (1)
- SAM (1)
- SAW impedance sensor (1)
- SBFI (1)
- SDS (1)
- SDS inverse micelle (1)
- SEC-MALS (1)
- SLS (1)
- SOD (1)
- SQM FF (1)
- SQM-FF (1)
- SRG formation in polymer brushes (1)
- STM (1)
- STM-induced reactions (1)
- Saccharide Recognition (1)
- Salicylic acid (1)
- Salze (1)
- Salzschmelze (1)
- Satellite hybrid (1)
- Sauerstoff (1)
- Sauerstoff Reduktion (1)
- Sauerstoff-Reduktionsreaktion (1)
- Scaffold contraction (1)
- Scaffold degradation (1)
- Scaffold stiffness (1)
- Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) (1)
- Schaum (1)
- Schaumfilme (1)
- Schizozygane indoline alkaloid (1)
- Schizozygia coffaeoides (1)
- Schmelz (1)
- Schrodinger equation (1)
- Schwefel (1)
- Schwefelwirt (1)
- Schwingungsanregung (1)
- Schwingungsaufgelöste UV/VIS-Spektroskopie (1)
- Schwingungsspektroskopie (1)
- Science and Mathematics (1)
- Second-Year undergraduate (1)
- Seedpods (1)
- Sekundärstruktur (1)
- Selbstassemblierung (1)
- Selbstheilende Beschichtungen (1)
- Self Instruction (1)
- Semen parameters (1)
- Senecio roseiflorus (1)
- Sequence analysis (1)
- Sequence structure (1)
- Serum (1)
- Sex (1)
- Shadowgraphie (1)
- Si(111)-7x7 (1)
- Silacyclohexanes (1)
- Silaheterocyclohexanes (1)
- Silanes (1)
- Silbernanopartikel (1)
- Silica Determination (1)
- Silica sulfuric acid (1)
- Silicate (1)
- Siliciumdioxid (1)
- Silicon Content (1)
- Silika (1)
- Silika Partikel (1)
- Silver (1)
- Silver nanoparticles (1)
- Simulation of H-1 NMR spectra (1)
- Simulation of polymer XPS (1)
- Single molecule fluorescence (1)
- Single-molecule FRET (1)
- Small angle neutron scattering (1)
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (1)
- Small-angle neutron scattering (1)
- Sn(IV) alkoxide (1)
- SnAr reaction (1)
- Sodium transport (1)
- Sodium-ion batteries (1)
- Soft-Templaten (1)
- Soil (1)
- Solanum tuberosum (1)
- Solar cells (1)
- Solid acid (1)
- Solid phase (1)
- Solid phase synthesis (1)
- Solid polymer electrolyte (1)
- Solubility (1)
- Solute transport (1)
- Solution phase synthesis (1)
- Solvent extraction (1)
- Solvent-free (1)
- Solvothermalsynthese (1)
- Sonication (1)
- Sophoronol-7-methyl ether (1)
- Spannungskonzentrationen (1)
- Spatial NICS (1)
- Spatially resolved spectroscopy (1)
- Spermidin (1)
- Spezies (1)
- Sphaeranthus bullatus (1)
- Spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (1)
- Spinning drop (1)
- Spiro compound (1)
- Spiro compounds (1)
- Spiropyrane (1)
- Sprengstoffe (1)
- Spritzgießen (1)
- Stability of LB Films (1)
- Stabilität von Emulsionen (1)
- Stabilität von Schäumen (1)
- Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- Stem (1)
- Stem bark (1)
- Stereocomplex (1)
- Stereokomplex (1)
- Stereokomplexierung (1)
- Steric effects (1)
- Steric hindrance (1)
- Steric substituent constant (1)
- Stickstoff Physisorption (1)
- Stickstoffdotiert (1)
- Stickstoff‑ und Kohlenstoffhaltige Materialien (1)
- Stimuli-Sensitivität (1)
- Stimuli-responsive polymers (1)
- Stoßquerschnitt (1)
- Stress concentration (1)
- Stripping (1)
- Strontium (1)
- Structural investigations (1)
- Structure (1)
- Structure Determination (1)
- Structure revision (1)
- Strukturaufklärung (1)
- Strukturbildung (1)
- Strömungschemie (1)
- Students (1)
- Styrene (1)
- Sub-zero temperature (Celsius) (1)
- Subambient pressure (1)
- Submicron particles (1)
- Substituent chemical shifts (1)
- Substituent effects (1)
- Substrat (1)
- Substrate effect (1)
- Sulfated polymer (1)
- Sulfation (1)
- Sulfonated polyaniline (1)
- Sulfoxide (1)
- Supercapacitor (1)
- Superkondensator (1)
- Superkondensatoren (1)
- Superoxide (1)
- Superparamagnetic (1)
- Superparamagnetic magnetite (1)
- Supramolecular Interactions (1)
- Supramolecular ball structure (1)
- Supramolecular compounds (1)
- Supramolekular (1)
- Supramolekularen Wechselwirkungen (1)
- Surface Hopping Dynamik (1)
- Surface chemistry (1)
- Surface complexes (1)
- Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) (1)
- Surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Surface properties (1)
- Surface reaction (1)
- Surface relief grating (1)
- Surface removal (1)
- Surface science (1)
- Surface-initiated atom-transfer radical (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Sustainable (1)
- Suzuki coupling (1)
- Swelling behavior (1)
- Switchable Surfactants (1)
- Switchable wettability (1)
- Synchrotron radiation XPS (1)
- Syngas Hydrogenation (1)
- Syngashydrierung (1)
- Synthesemethoden (1)
- Synthetische Biologie (1)
- T1 mapping (1)
- TBTU (1)
- TCP (1)
- TE interactions (1)
- TG/DTA (1)
- THP-1 cells (1)
- TOF-SIMS (1)
- Tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- Tandemmassenspektrometrie (1)
- Tautomerism (1)
- Teilchenbildung (1)
- Telechel (1)
- Temperaturänderungen (1)
- Templat (1)
- Template phase (1)
- Template reaction (1)
- Templated self-assembly (1)
- Templatierung (1)
- Templating (1)
- Tensid (1)
- Tephrosia aequilata (1)
- Tephrosia elata (1)
- Tephrosia subtriflora (1)
- Tephrosia villosa (1)
- Terbium (1)
- Terpurinflavone (1)
- Testosterone (1)
- Tetraoxo[8]circulenes (1)
- Tetraphenylethene Bioassay Fluorescent dye (1)
- Tetrapyrroles (1)
- Theoretical chemistry (1)
- Thermal behavior (1)
- Thermal broadening effects (1)
- Thermo-responsive (1)
- Thermo-responsive polymer (1)
- Thermochemical properties (1)
- Thermodynamische Eigenschaft (1)
- Thermomechanical history (1)
- Thermoplastic elastomer (1)
- Thermosensitivity (1)
- Thiazol-Salze (1)
- Thienopyridine (1)
- Thioether ligands (1)
- Thiol-X (1)
- Thiol-ene (1)
- Thiol-ene addition (1)
- Thiol-ene click chemistry (1)
- Thiole (1)
- Thioredoxin (1)
- Thiouracil (1)
- Threshold (1)
- Through -space NMR (1)
- Through-space NMR (1)
- Through-space NMR shielding (TSNMRS) (1)
- TiO2 (1)
- TiO2 nanotubes (1)
- Time-resolved Immunoassay (1)
- Time-resolved crystallography (1)
- Time-resolved spectroscopy (1)
- Tin octanoate (1)
- Toonacilin (1)
- Toonapubesins F (1)
- Torque (1)
- Total synthesis (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Trace elements (1)
- Transient (1)
- Transient absorption (1)
- Transition metals (1)
- Transitionmetals (1)
- Transmembrane protein (1)
- Triazin (1)
- Triblock Copolymers (1)
- Triblock-Copolymere (1)
- Trichloracetimidate (1)
- Trichloroacetimidates (1)
- Triiodide "network" (1)
- Triphilic block copolymers (1)
- Trithiapentalene (1)
- Tropfen (1)
- Tropfenoszillationen (1)
- Tropfenprofil-Analysen-Tensiometrie (1)
- Trough-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS) (1)
- Tube-like template phase (1)
- Tuber (1)
- Tubular network structure (1)
- Turbid media (1)
- Turraea nilotica (1)
- Turraea robusta (1)
- Twisted double bonds (1)
- Two dimensional materials (1)
- Two-dimensional separations (1)
- Type 2 Diabetes (1)
- UV-VIS Spectroscopy (1)
- UV-Vis-NIR (1)
- UV/VIS (1)
- UVB reduction (1)
- Ugi reaction (1)
- Ultra-low (1)
- Ultradünne Filme (1)
- Ulva linza (1)
- Umweltreaktion (1)
- Untreated agricultural wastes (1)
- Upconversion luminescence (1)
- Upgrade of Fructose (1)
- Uracil (1)
- Uranyl (1)
- Uremic toxins (1)
- VEGF (1)
- Vacuum drying (1)
- Valerolacton (1)
- Vanadium pentoxide (1)
- Verbindungen auf Eisenbasis (1)
- Verdunstung (1)
- Vernetzung (1)
- Vesicle (1)
- Vesicles (1)
- Vesikel Forschung/Vesikel Studien (1)
- Vibrational states (1)
- Vibrio cholerae (1)
- Vibronic spectrum (1)
- Vinylogous N-acyliminium ion (1)
- Violaxanthin (1)
- Vis spectroscopy (1)
- Wacker reaction (1)
- Wasser auf Aluminiumoxid (1)
- Wasser/Luft Grenzflächen (1)
- Wasser/Öl-Grenzfläche (1)
- Wassergehalt (1)
- Wasseroberfläche (1)
- Wasserspaltung (1)
- Water splitting (1)
- Water vapor (1)
- Wavelength modulation gas spectroscopy (1)
- Wavelength modulation spectroscopy (laser spectroscopy) (1)
- Web-Based Learning (1)
- Weitwinkelröntgenstreuung (1)
- Winsor phases (1)
- Winterschachtelhalm (1)
- Wirkung des Ionenstärken (1)
- Wirkung des pH-Werten (1)
- Wärmetransformationsanwendungen (1)
- X-ray absorption (1)
- X-ray analysis (1)
- X-ray crystallography (1)
- Xanthone (1)
- Xenobiotics (1)
- Y-aromaticity (1)
- Ylide (1)
- Yukawa model in the Mean Spherical Approximation (1)
- Zanthoxylum holstzianum (1)
- Zanthoxylum leprieurii (1)
- Zeitabhängige Dichtefunktionaltheorie (1)
- Zeitaufgelöste Lumineszenz (1)
- Zeitaufgelöster Immunoassay (1)
- Zell-Umwelt-Interaktionen (1)
- Zellulose (1)
- Zuckererkennung (1)
- Zwitterionic surfactant (1)
- [N]phenylene dyads (1)
- [N]phenylenes (1)
- a (1)
- abbaubares Polymer (1)
- absolute-configuration (1)
- absorption (1)
- acceptors (1)
- acetanilides (1)
- acid (1)
- acidic ionic liquids (1)
- acidity constants (1)
- acoustically levitated droplets (1)
- acrylic acid esters (1)
- actin cytoskeleton (1)
- actinide (1)
- actinide, organic ligand, sorption, cementitious material, concrete, luminescence (1)
- activated urethane (1)
- activation entropy (1)
- active polymer (1)
- active scaffold (1)
- activity (1)
- actuator (1)
- acute pancreatitis (1)
- adamantane (1)
- addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (1)
- additive Fertigung (1)
- additive manufacturing (1)
- additives (1)
- adduct formation (1)
- adenoassociated virus (1)
- adhesive (1)
- adhesives (1)
- adsorbate vibrations (1)
- adsorption kinetics (1)
- advanced characterization (1)
- aequichalcone A (1)
- aequichalcone B (1)
- aequichalcone C (1)
- aerogel (1)
- aerosol. photoacoustics (1)
- aggregation (1)
- air - water interface (1)
- air-water-interface (1)
- aktiviertes Urethan (1)
- akustisch schwebende Tropfen (1)
- alcohols (1)
- aldol reaction (1)
- algae cultivation (1)
- alignment (1)
- alignments (1)
- alkaloid (1)
- alkyl nitrates (1)
- alkynes (1)
- alkynol cycloisomerization (1)
- all-carbon composites (1)
- allyl alcohols (1)
- alpha,omega-Dienes (1)
- alumina (1)
- aluminum alloy (1)
- amide ligand (1)
- amides (1)
- amine (1)
- amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) (1)
- amino acids (1)
- ammonia (1)
- amorphes Calciumcarbonat (1)
- amphiphile Blockcopolymere (1)
- amphiphilic block copolymer (1)
- amphiphilic block copolymers (1)
- amphiphilic particles (1)
- amphiphilic polymer assembly (1)
- amphiphilic surface (1)
- analytical methods (1)
- analytical technology (1)
- analytical ultracentrifugation (1)
- anion substitution (1)
- anionic polymerization (1)
- anionic polymerizations (1)
- anisotropic colloids (1)
- anisotropic microgels (1)
- anisotropic structures (1)
- anode (1)
- anti-HIV (1)
- anti-fouling (1)
- anti-inflammatory therapy (1)
- anti-polyelectrolyte effect (1)
- antibodies (1)
- antibody staining (1)
- antifouling coatings (1)
- antileishmanial (1)
- antimalarial activity (1)
- antimicrobial (1)
- antimicrobial peptide (1)
- antimycobacterial activity (1)
- aqueous systems (1)
- arenediazonium salts (1)
- aridity (1)
- articulated rods (1)
- artificial cells (1)
- arylboronic acids (1)
- aryldiazonium salts (1)
- aspect-ratio (1)
- assembly capabilities (1)
- associating polymers (1)
- assoziative Photodesorption (1)
- astrophotonics (1)
- asymmetric (1)
- asymmetric catalysis (1)
- asymmetrisch (1)
- atmospheric effects (1)
- atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) (1)
- atomic force microscopy (AFM) (1)
- azides (1)
- azobenzene containing surfactants (1)
- azobenzene trimethylammonium bromide (1)
- bandgap (1)
- barrier to ring inversion (1)
- basement membrane (1)
- basis sets (1)
- beer (1)
- begrenzte Polymerisation (1)
- behavior (1)
- bending stiffness (1)
- benzenoid structures (1)
- benzoboroxole (1)
- benzofurans (1)
- benzophenanthridine alkaloid (1)
- beta-(acyloxy)alkylrear (1)
- beta-dihydroagarofuran-type sesquiterpene (1)
- beta-galactosidase (1)
- beta-lactoglobulin (1)
- bicontinuous phase (1)
- bilayer (1)
- bilayer system (1)
- bio-based (1)
- bio-inspired (1)
- bio-modification (1)
- bioactive (1)
- bioaktiv (1)
- bioanalysis (1)
- biochromophores (1)
- bioconjugate (1)
- biodiversity (1)
- bioelectrochemistry (1)
- biofunctionalization (1)
- biohybrid membrane materials (1)
- biohybrid molecules (1)
- bioinspiration (1)
- bioinspired materials (1)
- bioinstructive implants (1)
- bioinstructive materials (1)
- biological applications of polymers (1)
- biological membrane (1)
- biological membranes (1)
- biologische Membranen (1)
- biomass valorization (1)
- biomass-derived carbons (1)
- biomaterial-tissue interface (1)
- biomedical (1)
- biomimetic (chemical reaction) (1)
- biomimetics and semiconducting polymers (1)
- biophotonics (1)
- biopolymer (1)
- biopolymers (1)
- bioprinting (1)
- biorecognition reactions (1)
- biorelevant (1)
- biosensor (1)
- biphasic catalysis (1)
- bismuth (1)
- bleifreie Perowskit-Solarzellen (1)
- blend (1)
- block copolymer vesicles (1)
- block-copolymer (1)
- block-copolymers (1)
- blockcopolymer (1)
- blockcopolymere (1)
- blood tests (1)
- body temperature (1)
- borates (1)
- bound phenolic compounds (1)
- brewster angle microscopy (1)
- broad melting temperature range (1)
- brominated (1)
- brushes (1)
- brushite (1)
- bubble-bubble interaction (1)
- building-blocks (1)
- cGMP (1)
- cadmium (1)
- calcination (1)
- calcium carbonate biomineralization (1)
- cancer radiation therapy (1)
- capacity (1)
- capillary pressure tensiometry (1)
- capillary-active substrates (1)
- capsule morphology (1)
- carbene electron deficiency (1)
- carbene ligands (1)
- carbenes (1)
- carbohydrate derivatives (1)
- carbohydrate esters (1)
- carbohydrate recognition (1)
- carbohydrate-based oxepines (1)
- carbohydrate-protein interactions (1)
- carbon fibers (1)
- carbon material (1)
- carbon nanodots (1)
- carbon supports (1)
- carbonyl-compounds (1)
- carbothermal (1)
- carbothermisch (1)
- cardiac regeneration (1)
- cardiovascular disease (1)
- cardiovascular implant (1)
- carotenoid (1)
- cascade reactions (1)
- catalyst functionalization (1)
- catalytic application (1)
- catalyzed cross metathesis (1)
- catalyzed redox isomerization (1)
- catanionic surfactant bilayer (1)
- catanionic surfactants (1)
- catechol (1)
- cation miscibility (1)
- cationic ring-opening polymerization (1)
- cationic surfactants (1)
- cations (1)
- cavitation-based mechanical force (1)
- cell agglutination (1)
- cell culture device (1)
- cell cycle inhibitors (1)
- cell-death (1)
- cell-environment interactions (1)
- cell-material interaction (1)
- cells (1)
- cellular uptake (1)
- ceramics (1)
- cereals (1)
- ceria (1)
- cerium oxide (1)
- cesium cation (1)
- chain azobenzene polymers (1)
- chain mobility (1)
- chain-extended (1)
- chalcogenide (1)
- chalcogens (1)
- chalcone (1)
- chelates (1)
- chemical interface damping (1)
- chemical modification (1)
- chemical synthesis (1)
- chemical vapor deposition (1)
- chemical-synthesis (1)
- chemische Sensoren (1)
- chemodosimeter (1)
- chiral carbon (1)
- chiral nanoparticles (1)
- chiral sensing (1)
- chiral separation (1)
- chiral switches (1)
- chirale Erkennung (1)
- chirale Schalter (1)
- chirale Trennung (1)
- chlorophyll (1)
- cholesteric phase (1)
- cholesteric scaffolds (1)
- chromanes (1)
- chromatography (1)
- chromenes (1)
- chromophores (1)
- chronic kidney disease (CKD) (1)
- chronic pancreatitis (1)
- ciprofloxacin (1)
- circular dichroism (1)
- cis (1)
- cis,cis-Tricyclo[5.3.0.0(2,6)]dec-3-enes (1)
- citrate displacement (1)
- citrazinic acid (1)
- classical dynamics (1)
- classification (1)
- clay (1)
- click triazoles (1)
- cluster models (1)
- coalescence (1)
- cobalt (1)
- cobamides (1)
- coexisting phases (1)
- coffee by-products (1)
- coffee phenolic compounds (1)
- coffee processing (1)
- cold (1)
- collagen (1)
- collagen-IV (1)
- colloid chemistry (1)
- colloidal aggregation (1)
- colloidal chemistry (1)
- colloidal quantum dot (1)
- colloidal quantum dots (1)
- colorimetric detection (1)
- column operation mode (1)
- comb poly(beta-myrcene)-graft-poly(l-lactide) copolymers (1)
- common species (1)
- complex (1)
- complex emulsion (1)
- composite (1)
- composite electrodes (1)
- computational chemistry (1)
- computer-based (1)
- concepts (1)
- conductive polymer (1)
- configuration interaction (1)
- configuration interactions (1)
- confined polymerization (1)
- confinement (1)
- confocal Raman microscopy (1)
- confocal raman microscopy (1)
- conformational equilibrium (1)
- conformational transitions (1)
- conformational-changes (1)
- conjugated microporous polymers (1)
- cononsolvency (1)
- continuous-flow (1)
- contrast agents (1)
- control body weight (1)
- controlled release (1)
- controlled-release (1)
- convenient synthesis (1)
- coordination bonds (1)
- coordination complexes (1)
- coordination polymer (1)
- copolymer networks (1)
- copper minerals (1)
- copper(II) halide salts (1)
- copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (1)
- core excited states (1)
- core-shell UCNP (1)
- core-shell materials (1)
- core-shell nanoparticles (1)
- core-shell structures (1)
- correlation function (1)
- coupled-cluster (1)
- covalent frameworks (1)
- covalent organic framework (1)
- covalent organic frameworks (1)
- critical micellation temperature (1)
- cryo-electron (1)
- crystal structure prediction (1)
- crystalline (1)
- crystallinity (1)
- crystallography (1)
- ct-DNA (1)
- cyano anchor group (1)
- cyclic imines (1)
- cyclic olefin copolymer (1)
- cyclic thermomechanical testing (1)
- cyclization (1)
- cyclodextrin (1)
- cyclooligomers (1)
- cyclopropanation (1)
- cytidine (1)
- cytochrome P450 (1)
- cytoplasm (1)
- cytosolic sodium (1)
- cytotoxic (1)
- data-storage (1)
- de novo synthesis (1)
- de-novo synthesis (1)
- deacetylation (1)
- decay dynamics (1)
- dedifferentiation (1)
- deep eutectic solvents (1)
- defect chemistry (1)
- degradable (1)
- degradable polyester (1)
- degradable polymer (1)
- degradable polymers (1)
- delivery (1)
- dendritic cells (1)
- density functional theory (DFT) (1)
- deoxyfructosazine (1)
- dependent scattering (1)
- derivatives (1)
- design of experiments (1)
- deuteration (1)
- di(ethylene glycol) methy ether methacrylate (1)
- diamondoid (1)
- diazonium salts (1)
- dibenzocyclooctane (1)
- dibenzoeilatin (1)
- dibenzylbutane (1)
- diels-alder reaction (1)
- differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (1)
- diffractive elements (1)
- diffusion barrier (1)
- dihydro-beta-agarofuran (1)
- dihydrobenzofurans (1)
- dihydromyricetin (1)
- dihydromyricetin-3-O-beta-glucoside (1)
- dihydroxyacetone (1)
- dilute aqueous-solutions (1)
- dimensional stability (1)
- dimer (1)
- dipole approximation (1)
- dipole-dipole interaction (1)
- direct bioelectrocatalysis (1)
- direct electron transfer (1)
- discotics (1)
- disinfection (1)
- disordered media (1)
- dispersion (1)
- dissipative dynamics (1)
- distance learning/self instruction (1)
- diversiform structures (1)
- docking (1)
- double hydrophilic block copolymers (1)
- double strand break (1)
- drop (1)
- drop and bubble coalescence (1)
- drop profile analysis tensiometry (1)
- drop-drop interaction (1)
- droplet-droplet interactions (1)
- drought (1)
- drought tolerance (1)
- drug carrier system (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- drug imprinting (1)
- drug sensors (1)
- dual non-covalent interactions (1)
- dual thermoresponsive (1)
- dual-frequency phase-modulation (1)
- dyes (1)
- dynamic NMR spectroscopy (1)
- dynamic interfacial tensions (1)
- dünne Filme (1)
- echinoderm skeleton (1)
- ecosystem function (1)
- effect of alkyl side chains (1)
- efficient (1)
- elastomers (1)
- electric fields (1)
- electrical resistivity tomography (1)
- electrically switchable gratings. (1)
- electrochemical sensors (1)
- electrochromism (1)
- electrode materials (1)
- electrodes (1)
- electrolyte sensitivity (1)
- electromagnetic field enhancement (1)
- electron correlation (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- electron tomography (1)
- electron-spin resonance (1)
- electronic wavepackets (1)
- electrospray ionization (1)
- electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and modeling (1)
- electrostatic assembly (1)
- electrostatics (1)
- elegans (1)
- elektroaktive Polymere (1)
- elektronische Materialien (1)
- elimination (1)
- ellipsometric mapping (1)
- emperical potential structure refinement (1)
- emulsion inversion (1)
- emulsion microscopy (1)
- emulsions (1)
- enantiomers (1)
- enantioselectivity (1)
- encapsulation (1)
- end-groups (1)
- endo-Mode cyclization (1)
- endogenous sensor proteins (1)
- endosomal escape (1)
- endothelial basement membrane (1)
- endothelization (1)
- energy conversion (1)
- energy density (1)
- energy materials (1)
- energy storage mechanism (1)
- energy-transfer (1)
- engineering (1)
- ensamblaje de nanopartículas (1)
- environmental remediation (1)
- environmental response (1)
- enzymatic conjugation (1)
- enzymatic degradation (1)
- enzymatic esterification (1)
- enzymatic sensors (1)
- enzymatic-degradation (1)
- enzymatically active membrane (1)
- enzyme immobilization (1)
- enzyme inhibitors (1)
- enzyme-polymer conjugates (1)
- enzyme/polymer conjugate (1)
- enzymology (1)
- ephedrine/pseudoephedrine (1)
- epithelial ion transport (1)
- epoxidation (1)
- epsilon-caprolactone (1)
- equilibrium topology (1)
- escence correlation spectroscopy (1)
- escherichia-coli (1)
- esters (1)
- estructuras templadas blandas (1)
- etanercept (1)
- ethanolamine phosphate (1)
- ether methacrylates (1)
- ethers (1)
- ethylene oxide (1)
- europium complex (1)
- evaporation (1)
- evolution (1)
- exchange (1)
- excimer UV light (1)
- exciton (1)
- exo-methylene conformational effect at cyclohexane (1)
- expandierbar (1)
- expansion (1)
- exposure (1)
- extracellular matrix modifying enzymes (1)
- extracellular matrix proteins (1)
- extraction (1)
- fatty acids (1)
- feature selection (1)
- fermentation (1)
- ferrocene (1)
- ferroelectricity (1)
- ferrofluid (1)
- ferromagnetic (1)
- fiber (1)
- fiber meshes (1)
- fiber optic sensors (1)
- fiber sensors (1)
- fiber spectroscopy (1)
- fiber-optical spectroscopy (1)
- fibre Bragg gratings (1)
- fibrinogen (1)
- fibroblast (1)
- field test (1)
- film tuning (1)
- fine-structure (1)
- first-year undergraduate/general (1)
- flavanonol (1)
- flavonoid (1)
- flavonoids (1)
- flavonol (1)
- flexibility (1)
- flow chemistry (1)
- flow photochemistry (1)
- fludarabine (1)
- fluorescence anisotropy (1)
- fluorescence enhancement (1)
- fluorescence immunoassay (1)
- fluorescence label (1)
- fluorescence quenching (1)
- fluorescence stimuli‐ responsivity (1)
- fluorinated Blockcopolymers (1)
- fluorinated olefins (1)
- fluorinated polymers (1)
- fluorocarbon polymers (1)
- fluoroimmunoassay (1)
- fluoropolymers (1)
- fluorous chemistry (1)
- flux de Marangoni (1)
- foam analysis (1)
- foam films (1)
- focal adhesion (1)
- food contact material (1)
- force sensors (1)
- form stability (1)
- formal synthesis (1)
- formose (1)
- fouling release (1)
- fourier-transform spectroscopy (1)
- fractal kinetics (1)
- fractional dynamics (1)
- fulgides (1)
- fumaronitrile (1)
- function (1)
- function by structure; (1)
- functionalization of polymers (1)
- functionalized (1)
- functionalizing proteins (1)
- fungus (1)
- funktional (1)
- funktionalisiert (1)
- gadolinium (1)
- galactose-decorated monomer (1)
- galactosylceramide (1)
- galectin (1)
- galectin-3 (1)
- gas sorption (1)
- gas supply conditions (1)
- gas-phase reactions (1)
- gases (1)
- gelatin-based hydrogels (1)
- gelatin/chitosan hydrogel scaffold (1)
- gelation (1)
- gemini surfactant (1)
- gene silencing (1)
- generation of higher and lower harmonics (1)
- geometry (1)
- gepulster DPSS Laser (1)
- glass (1)
- glass transition (1)
- glass transition temperature (1)
- glass-transition temperature (1)
- glucose homeostasis (1)
- glucosinolates (1)
- glycals (1)
- glyco chemistry (1)
- glyco-inside nano-assemblies (1)
- glycoconjugate (1)
- glycoconjugates (1)
- glycogels (1)
- glycomaterials (1)
- glycomonomer (1)
- glycopeptide (1)
- glycopeptoid (1)
- glycopolymer (1)
- glycopolymer electrolytes (1)
- glycosynthases (1)
- gold electrodes (1)
- gold surface (1)
- gold-carbon catalysts (1)
- gold-polymer hybrid shell (1)
- gouttes (1)
- gouttes sessiles (1)
- graphene oxide (1)
- grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (1)
- groove binding (1)
- group-subgroup relations (1)
- group-subgroup relationships (1)
- habitat (1)
- halide (1)
- halide perovskite (1)
- halide perovskites (1)
- halide-ions (1)
- hazelnut cultivars (1)
- head-to-tail surfactant associates (1)
- heat measurement (1)
- heat transformation application (1)
- heiße Elektronen (1)
- helicene (1)
- helicenes (1)
- hemibond (1)
- hemodialysis (1)
- hepcidin (1)
- heptazine (1)
- heteroatom (1)
- heteroatom modification (1)
- heteroatom-dotierte Kohlenstoffe (1)
- heterocyclic ligand (1)
- hexafluoropropene (1)
- hierarchical pore structure (1)
- hierarchical self-assembly (1)
- hierarchical structuring (1)
- hierarchically porous carbon (1)
- hierarchische Porenstruktur (1)
- high concentrations (1)
- high energy density (1)
- high harmonic generation (1)
- high pressure (1)
- high quantum yield (1)
- high-throughput screening (1)
- hohe Energiedichte (1)
- hohe Quantenausbeute (1)
- hole array (1)
- hole scavengers (1)
- hollow microfibers (1)
- hollow nanospheres (1)
- hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (1)
- holmium(III) (1)
- holographic diffraction gratings (1)
- holography (1)
- holstzianoquinoline; (1)
- homogeneous catalysis (1)
- hot electrons (1)
- hot-electrons (1)
- human induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- human keratinocytes (1)
- human monocytic (THP-1) cells (1)
- humane Keratinozyten (1)
- humaninduzierte pluripotente Stammzellen (1)
- humic acid (1)
- hyaluronic acid (1)
- hybrid (1)
- hybrid nanomaterials (1)
- hybrid nanostructures (1)
- hybrid perovskite (1)
- hybride Nanostrukturen (1)
- hydrate formation (1)
- hydrate formation process (1)
- hydration layer (1)
- hydraulic oils (1)
- hydrogen bonding (1)
- hydrogen isotopes (1)
- hydrogen storage (1)
- hydrogen-2 (1)
- hydrolases (1)
- hydrophil (1)
- hydrophilic (1)
- hydrophilic-to-lipophilic balance (1)
- hydrophobe Moleküle (1)
- hydrophobic mismatch (1)
- hydrophobic molecules (1)
- hydrophobic uremic toxins (1)
- hydrophobicity (1)
- hydrothermal carbon (1)
- hydrothermal carbonization (1)
- hydrothermale Carbonisierung (1)
- hydrotropes (1)
- hydroxy (1)
- hydroxyapatite (1)
- hydroxycinnamic acids (1)
- hydroxyl radical (1)
- hydroyxapatite (1)
- hypothalamus (1)
- hysteresis (1)
- identity hypothesis (1)
- imaging (1)
- imidazole (1)
- imidazolium salts (1)
- imines (1)
- immobilization (1)
- immunosensors (1)
- impedance spectroscopy (1)
- implants (1)
- implementation (1)
- in (1)
- in situ (1)
- in situ fluorescence microscopy (1)
- in vitro (1)
- in vitro thrombogenicity testing (1)
- in-operando SAXS (1)
- inclusion complex (1)
- incomplete surface passivation (1)
- indium (1)
- indole alkaloids (1)
- induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- infrared: general (1)
- inhibition AChE (1)
- inhomogeneous-media (1)
- injection molding (1)
- inner surface (1)
- inorganic (1)
- inorganic chemistry (1)
- instrumentation: miscellaneous (1)
- interaction potential (1)
- intercalations (1)
- intercomparison (1)
- interfacial dynamics (1)
- interfacial forces (1)
- interfacial recombination (1)
- intermediates (1)
- intermolecular interactions (1)
- internal membrane-membrane adhesion (1)
- interne Membran-Membran Adhäsion (1)
- intracellular pH indicator (1)
- intramolecular charge-transfer (1)
- intrinsic microporosity (1)
- inverse (1)
- inverse Opale (1)
- inverse opal (1)
- inverse opals (1)
- ion beam (1)
- ion migration (1)
- ion mobility calculations (1)
- ion selective electrode (1)
- ion transport (1)
- ionenselektive Elektrode (1)
- ionic defects (1)
- ionic polymers (1)
- ionic strength (1)
- ionic strength effect (1)
- ionische Flüssigkeit (1)
- ionischen Polymere (1)
- ionisierende Strahlung (1)
- ionization (1)
- ionization energy (1)
- ionization potential (1)
- ionizing radiation (1)
- ionothermale Synthese (1)
- ions (1)
- iron nitride (1)
- iron-based compounds (1)
- iron-carbon nanotube catalysts (1)
- isoflavonoids (1)
- isomer resolution (1)
- isomerisation (1)
- isomerism (1)
- isoprene (1)
- isotope (1)
- isotope ecology (1)
- isotope effect (1)
- isotope effects (1)
- isotope ratios (1)
- isotope separation (1)
- janus emulsion (1)
- janus emulsions (1)
- joziknipholones (1)
- juvenile hormone biosynthesis (1)
- keratin (1)
- kinetic models (1)
- kinetic of cis-trans isomerization (1)
- kinetic water transfer (1)
- kinetics (polym (1)
- kinetics (polym) (1)
- kinetics (polym.) (1)
- klassische Diffusionstheorie (1)
- klebend (1)
- kolloidaler Quantenpunkt (1)
- kolloidchemie (1)
- komplexe Emulsion (1)
- kontrollierte radikalische Polymerisation (1)
- kovalente Rahmenbedingungen (1)
- künstliche Zellen (1)
- l-cysteine (1)
- labels (1)
- labile peroxides (1)
- lactate (1)
- land use (1)
- langmuir monolayer (1)
- lanthanide (1)
- lanthanide ions (1)
- lanthanide luminescence (1)
- lanthanoid migration (1)
- laser chemistry (1)
- laser induced (1)
- laser pulse control (1)
- laser pulses (1)
- laser resonators (1)
- laser-enhanced nuclear fusion (1)
- laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (1)
- laser-induced incandescence (LII) (1)
- layer-by-layer (1)
- layer-by-layer glycopolymer coating (1)
- layer-by-layer self-assembly (1)
- layer-by-layer stacking (1)
- layered compounds (1)
- lead-free perovskites (1)
- leaf wax (1)
- learning (1)
- lectin (1)
- leguminosae (1)
- levoglucosenol (1)
- levulinic acid (1)
- libraries (1)
- library (1)
- liegende Tropfen (1)
- life cycle assessment (1)
- life sciences (1)
- light scattering (1)
- light sources (1)
- lignans (1)
- lignin (1)
- linear assemblies (1)
- lipase release (1)
- lipases (1)
- lipid (1)
- lipid monolayer (1)
- lipidomics (1)
- lipids (1)
- liquid crystal (1)
- liquid crystal polymer (1)
- liquid crystalline polymer (1)
- liquid crystals (1)
- liquid-crystal precursors (1)
- liquid-crystalline polymers (1)
- lithiophilicity (1)
- lithium ion capacitors (1)
- lithium sulfides (1)
- lithium-ion batteries (1)
- lithium-ion capacitors (1)
- living radical polymerization (LRP) (1)
- lone-pair-pi interactions (1)
- low temperature NMR spectroscopy (1)
- low-energy electron (1)
- low-temperature experiments (1)
- lubricants (1)
- lupin (1)
- lösungsmittelfreie Synthese (1)
- mAb (1)
- machine learning (1)
- macroITO (1)
- macrocyclic compounds (1)
- macrosurfactants (1)
- magnesium (1)
- magnetic (1)
- magnetic-properties (1)
- magnetite (1)
- magnetosensitivity (1)
- magnetosome (1)
- magnetotactic bacteria (1)
- magnetotaktische Bakterien (1)
- maleonitrile (1)
- maltose-modified poly(ethyleneimine) (1)
- maltosylated poly(ethyleneimine) (1)
- manganese monoxide (1)
- marine biofouling (1)
- marker compound (1)
- mass (1)
- material characterization (1)
- material science (1)
- mechanical properties (1)
- mechanical property (1)
- mechanical-properties (1)
- mechanism (1)
- mechanistic reasoning (1)
- mechanistic understanding (1)
- medicinal mushrooms (1)
- mehrschichtige Verbindungen (1)
- melt (1)
- melt-recrystallization (1)
- melting (1)
- membrane science (1)
- meso-tetrakisphenylporphyrins (1)
- mesocrystal (1)
- mesogen mesophases (1)
- mesoporous (1)
- mesoporous carbon (1)
- mesoporös (1)
- mesostructure (1)
- metabolite markers (1)
- metal alloys (1)
- metal carbides (1)
- metal ions (1)
- metal nanoparticles (1)
- metal nitride carbon composites (1)
- metal organic framework (1)
- metal-containing ionic (1)
- metal-containing ionic liquids; (1)
- metal-free crosslinking (1)
- metal-organic framework (1)
- metal-organic mesocrystals (1)
- metal-to-ligand charge transfer (1)
- metallo-supramolecular polymers (1)
- metallocarbohydrates (1)
- metallorganischen Gerüstverbindungen (1)
- metalorganic frameworks (1)
- methacrylate (1)
- methacrylates (1)
- methane hydrate (1)
- method development (1)
- methyl cellulose (1)
- miRNA inhibitors (1)
- miRNA seed region (1)
- miRNA-Argonaute 2 protein complex (1)
- micellization (1)
- micro (1)
- micro/mesoporous (1)
- microRNA (1)
- microbalance (1)
- microbial activity (1)
- microcapsules (1)
- microchip (1)
- microemulsiones (1)
- microfluidic (1)
- microgel (1)
- microgel array (1)
- microgel arrays (1)
- microgel chains (1)
- microgel strands (1)
- microgreen (1)
- microporous (1)
- microporous polymers (1)
- microscale (1)
- microsensors (1)
- microtomography (1)
- microwave (1)
- microwave chemistry (1)
- mikroporöse Polymere (1)
- mikrowellengestützte Synthese (1)
- mild reaction conditions (1)
- mimics (1)
- mineralization beneath (1)
- miscibility (1)
- miscibility gap (1)
- mitochondria (1)
- mitsunobu (1)
- mixed gas hydrates (1)
- mixed quantum-classical methodology (1)
- mixed-matrix membranes (1)
- modelling (1)
- modified mycotoxins (1)
- modulation (1)
- modulation of in vivo regeneration (1)
- modulus (1)
- moisture content (1)
- mold (1)
- mold fungi (1)
- molecular dynamics simulations (1)
- molecular imprinted polymers (1)
- molecular modeling (1)
- molecular simulations (1)
- molecular structure (1)
- molecular weight (1)
- molecular-dynamics (1)
- molecular-reorientation (1)
- molecular-structure (1)
- monolayer (1)
- monolith (1)
- morphological transformation (1)
- motif périodique (1)
- mu CT imaging (1)
- multi-compartmentalised vesicles (1)
- multi-kompartmentalisierte Vesikel (1)
- multi-mycotoxin analysis (1)
- multiblock copolymers (1)
- multicompartment micelle (1)
- multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (1)
- multifunctional biomaterials (1)
- multifunctional polymers (1)
- multilayer film (1)
- multiphoton processes (1)
- multiple emulsion preparation (1)
- multiple functions (1)
- multiresponsiv (1)
- multiresponsive (1)
- multitrophic (1)
- multivalency (1)
- multivalent ions (1)
- multivariate methods (1)
- multiwavelength (1)
- mussel byssus (1)
- mussel-mimicking (1)
- mutants (1)
- myrcen (1)
- n-alkanes (1)
- n-heterocyclic carbenes (1)
- n-isopropylacrylamide (1)
- nAChR (1)
- nachhaltige Energiespeichermaterialien (1)
- nachwachsende Rohstoffe (1)
- nano (1)
- nano clay (1)
- nano-optics (1)
- nanoarray (1)
- nanobioconjugate (1)
- nanocapsules (1)
- nanocarriers (1)
- nanocomposite material (1)
- nanoestructuras (1)
- nanoestructuras híbridas (1)
- nanofillers (1)
- nanofluidics (1)
- nanohole arrays (1)
- nanoimprint (1)
- nanomedicine (1)
- nanoparticle assemblies (1)
- nanoparticle assembly (1)
- nanoparticle characterization (1)
- nanopartículas (1)
- nanoplastic (1)
- nanoporous carbon particles (1)
- nanoporöser Kohlenstoffpartikel (1)
- nanoprisms (1)
- nanorods (1)
- nanoscale (1)
- nanosensors (1)
- nanosilver (1)
- nanospindles (1)
- nanostructure (1)
- nanostructured composite (1)
- nanoswitches (1)
- nanotechnology (1)
- nanovesicles (1)
- nanowires (1)
- naphthalene (1)
- natural-products (1)
- near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (1)
- near-infrared absorption (1)
- nematic phase (1)
- neolignans (1)
- nerve agents (1)
- networks (1)
- neurodegenerative diseases (1)
- neuroleptics (1)
- neurons (1)
- neuropeptides (1)
- neurotoxicity (1)
- neutron (1)
- neutron diffraction (1)
- neutron powder diffraction (1)
- nhc (1)
- nichtlineare Mechanik (1)
- nichtwässrige Synthese (1)
- nickel(II) (1)
- nickel-carbon catalysts (1)
- niederenergetische Elektronen (1)
- niobium (1)
- nitriles (1)
- nitrogen containing carbonaceous materials (1)
- nitrogen doped carbons (1)
- nitrogen heterocycles (1)
- nitrogen-doped (1)
- non-linear mechanics (1)
- non-metal catalysis (1)
- non-noble metal catalysts (1)
- norcaesalpin D (1)
- norcobamide biosynthesis (1)
- nucleation polymerization (1)
- nucleus-independent chemical shift (1)
- nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) (1)
- numerical simulation (1)
- nutrient composition (1)
- o bond formation (1)
- o-Phenylenediamine (1)
- o-quinone isomerase (1)
- oak tree (1)
- obere kritische Lösetemperatur (1)
- oberflächenverstärkte Raman-Streuung (1)
- off-specular scattering (1)
- olefin metathesis (1)
- olefin-metathesis (1)
- olefination (1)
- oligo(ethylene glycol) (1)
- oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (1)
- oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (1)
- oligo(ethyleneglycol) (1)
- oligomeric (1)
- oligomeric polydimethylsiloxane (1)
- oligomers (1)
- oligosaccharides (1)
- oligospiroketals (1)
- on demand particle release (1)
- onformational analysis (1)
- ontogeny (1)
- opal (1)
- open source (1)
- open system density matrix theory (1)
- open-circuit voltage (1)
- operando (1)
- optical (1)
- optical imaging (1)
- optical oil sensor (1)
- optical sensor (1)
- optical sensors (1)
- optical spectra (1)
- optode (1)
- ordering process (1)
- organic chenlistry (1)
- organic compounds (1)
- organic compounds adsorption (1)
- organic light-emitting diodes (1)
- organic-inorganic c (1)
- organic-inorganic composite material (1)
- organische Chemie (1)
- organocatalytic polymerization (1)
- organogel (1)
- organometallics (1)
- organosulfur (1)
- orientational memory (1)
- ortho-quinone methide (o-QMs) (1)
- orthophosphates (1)
- oscillating bubble (1)
- osteogenic differentiation (1)
- oxalic precipitation (1)
- oxides (1)
- oxocarbon (1)
- oxygen plasma (1)
- oxygen sensor (1)
- p-Hydroxycinnamic acids (1)
- p16 (1)
- p21 (1)
- pH effect (1)
- pH sensing (1)
- pH-Dependent Photoresponsivity (1)
- pH-sensitive liposome (1)
- palladium catalyst (1)
- palmitic acid (1)
- pancreatic neoplasms (1)
- para-Nitro-pyridine N-oxides (1)
- paramagnetic (1)
- paramagnetic-resonance (1)
- paramagnetisch (1)
- parchment (1)
- particle formation (1)
- particle sizing (1)
- particulate (1)
- pea (1)
- peptide (1)
- peptide biomarkers (1)
- peptide synthesis (1)
- peptide-polymer conjugate (1)
- peptide-templated materials (1)
- periodic pattern (1)
- periodisches Muster (1)
- perovskite precursors (1)
- perylene (1)
- pesticides (1)
- phagocytosis (1)
- phase behavior (1)
- phase separation (1)
- phase transition (1)
- phase transitions (1)
- phenanthrenes (1)
- phenolic acid (1)
- phenolic compounds (1)
- phonons (1)
- phosphate (1)
- phosphide (1)
- phospholipids (1)
- phosphorescence quenching (1)
- photo ionization (1)
- photo-crosslinked (1)
- photo-iniferter reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (1)
- photo-mediated polymerization (1)
- photobioreactor (1)
- photocatalysts (1)
- photocatalytic water splitting (1)
- photocharging (1)
- photochemical reactions (1)
- photochemical synthesis (1)
- photocycloaddition (1)
- photodynamic therapy (1)
- photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- photoinduced electron transfer (1)
- photoinduced nonadiabatic dynamics (1)
- photoinduced radical polymerization (1)
- photolytic ablation (1)
- photon density wave (1)
- photonic crystal (1)
- photopolymerization (1)
- photoredox catalysis (1)
- photosensitive azobenzene containing surfactant (1)
- photosensitive polymer brushes (1)
- photothermal conversion (1)
- phototunable optical properties (1)
- photovoltaic materials (1)
- photovoltaische Materialien (1)
- physical (1)
- physikalisch (1)
- physiolgischer pH (1)
- physiological pH (1)
- phytomedicine (1)
- pi interactions (1)
- pi-Electron delocalization (1)
- pi-Stacking (1)
- pi-pi stacking (1)
- placental transfer (1)
- plant science (1)
- plasmon spectroscopy (1)
- plasmon-driven catalysis (1)
- plasmonic (1)
- plasmonic nanohole arrays (1)
- plasmonic nanoparticles (1)
- plasmonische Chemie (1)
- platelet activation (1)
- platelet adhesion (1)
- platelet aging (1)
- platelet function (1)
- platelet rich plasma (1)
- platelet storage (1)
- platelet-rich plasma (1)
- platform chemicals (1)
- platinum (1)
- polarizable drift gases (1)
- polarization diffraction grating (1)
- polarization gratings (1)
- poly(2-ethyl-2oxazoline) (1)
- poly(2-oxazoline)s (1)
- poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (1)
- poly(N-isopropyl methacrylamide) (1)
- poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (1)
- poly(N-vinyl isobutyramide) (1)
- poly(acrylamide) hydrogels (1)
- poly(e-caprolactone) (1)
- poly(epsilon-caprolactone) methacrylate (1)
- poly(ester amide)s (1)
- poly(ether imide) (1)
- poly(ether imide) microparticles (1)
- poly(ethyleneimine) (1)
- poly(ionic liquid) nanoparticles (1)
- poly(ionische Flüssigkeiten) (1)
- poly(n-butyl acrylate) (1)
- poly(styrene-b-2-vinylpyridine) (PS-P2VP) (1)
- poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (1)
- poly(ε-caprolactone) (1)
- poly[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide] (1)
- polyamides (1)
- polyamine (1)
- polyamines (1)
- polyammonium salt (1)
- polycaprolactone (1)
- polycarboxylate (1)
- polycationic monolayer (1)
- polycondensation (1)
- polycycles (1)
- polydepsipeptide (1)
- polydimethylsiloxane (1)
- polydopamine (1)
- polyelectrolyte adsorption (1)
- polyelectrolyte brushes (1)
- polyelectrolyte inks (1)
- polyelectrolyte membranes (1)
- polyesterurethane (1)
- polyglycerol (1)
- polyglycine (1)
- polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) (1)
- polyimides (1)
- polymer actuators (1)
- polymer coating (1)
- polymer crystallization (1)
- polymer fillers (1)
- polymer micelles (1)
- polymer modification (1)
- polymer network (1)
- polymer physics (1)
- polymer solutions (1)
- polymer surface (1)
- polymer synthesis (1)
- polymer-modification (1)
- polymer/LC composites (1)
- polymeric materials (1)
- polymerised ionic liquids (1)
- polymersome spreading (1)
- polymyrcene (1)
- polyolefin (1)
- polypeptoid (1)
- polypropylene (1)
- polypropylene yarns (1)
- polysaccharides (1)
- polysiloxane (1)
- polysiloxanes (1)
- polysoap (1)
- polystyrene (1)
- polystyrenes (1)
- polysulfides (1)
- polyvinyl acetate (1)
- population doubling time (1)
- pore templating (1)
- porous (1)
- porous carbon-based materials (1)
- porous carbons (1)
- porous particles (1)
- porous structure (1)
- porphyrazine (1)
- porphyrinoids (1)
- porphyrins (1)
- porös (1)
- poröse Kohlenstoffe (1)
- poröse Kohlenstoffmaterialien (1)
- poröse Struktur (1)
- porösen Materialien auf Kohlenstoffbasis (1)
- poröser Kohlenstoff (1)
- post-laser-field electronic oscillations (1)
- post-modification (1)
- potato (Solanum tuberosum) (1)
- pouch cell (1)
- powder diffraction (1)
- pre-service chemistry teachers (1)
- precatalysts (1)
- prediction models (1)
- prenylated flavanonol (1)
- pressure (1)
- printing (1)
- pristimerin (1)
- processing (1)
- programmable adhesion (1)
- programmable friction (1)
- propargyl (1)
- protecting groups (1)
- protein Langmuir layers (1)
- protein NMR spectroscopy (1)
- protein analysis (1)
- protein characterization (1)
- protein imprinting (1)
- protein interactions (1)
- protein modification (1)
- protein stabilized foams (1)
- protein-kinase inhibitors (1)
- protein-protein interactions (1)
- proton conductivity (1)
- proton hopping (1)
- protonation (1)
- précipitation (1)
- précipitation oxalique (1)
- pterocarpene (1)
- pulse laser initiated polymerization (1)
- pulsed DPSS laser (1)
- pump-probe (1)
- purines (1)
- pyrene excimer (1)
- pyrochlore (1)
- quantum control (1)
- quantum sieving (1)
- quartz crystal microbalance (1)
- quenching (1)
- quinoid structures (1)
- quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones (1)
- quinone (1)
- quinone methide (1)
- radical addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) (1)
- radical reactions (1)
- radiosensitizer (1)
- rangement (1)
- rare earths (1)
- rate constants (1)
- ratiometric sensing (1)
- ratiometric sensors (1)
- ray absorption-spectroscopy (1)
- reaction mechanism (1)
- reactions (1)
- reactive (1)
- reactive flux rate constants (1)
- reactive intermediates (1)
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) (1)
- reactive templating (1)
- reference (1)
- reflection grating (1)
- reflectivity (1)
- relaxation NMR spectroscopy (1)
- reliability (1)
- renewable (1)
- renewable resource (1)
- renewables (1)
- reorientation (1)
- repair (1)
- reshaping abilities (1)
- resonance Raman (1)
- resonance Raman spectroscopy (1)
- resonance energy transfer (1)
- resonance energy-tansfer (1)
- responsive materials (1)
- responsive polymer (1)
- responsivity (1)
- restricted N-S rotation (1)
- retro reactions (1)
- retrochalcone (1)
- reversibility (1)
- reversible (1)
- reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (1)
- reversible and irreversible structuring of polymer brushes (1)
- reversible bidirectional shape-memory polymer (1)
- reversible chain extension (1)
- reversible shape-memory effect (1)
- rhodium(I)– phosphine (1)
- rhodium-phosphine coordination bonds (1)
- ring closing metathesis (1)
- ring opening polymerization (1)
- ring-closing metathesis (1)
- ring-closure (1)
- ring-opening (1)
- rising bubble (1)
- root mean square roughness (1)
- rotational diffusion (1)
- rubidium cation (1)
- rutaceae (1)
- ruthenium carbene (1)
- sacrificial bonds (1)
- salt melt (1)
- sandwich complexes (1)
- sandwich microcontact printing (1)
- scale-up (1)
- scanning tunneling microscopy (1)
- scatchard plot (1)
- scattering (1)
- schaltbare Materialien (1)
- schaltbare Polymere (1)
- schizophrenes Verhalten (1)
- schizophrenic behavior (1)
- seco-Anthraquinone (1)
- secondary structure (1)
- sediment (1)
- sel (1)
- selbstassemblierende Monolagen (1)
- selective drug release (1)
- selective light reflection (1)
- selective oxidations (1)
- selective syntheses (1)
- self-assembled micelles (1)
- self-healing coatings (1)
- self-healing materials (1)
- self-organisation (1)
- self-organization (1)
- semi-IPN hydrogels (1)
- semi-crystalline (1)
- semiconductor lasers (1)
- semiempirical calculations (1)
- semiempirical methods (1)
- senescence-associated (1)
- sensitizers (1)
- sequence structures (1)
- serine phosphate decarboxylase (1)
- sesquiterpene (1)
- sessile droplet (1)
- severe acute pancreatitis (1)
- shape analysis (1)
- shape change (1)
- shape shifting materials (1)
- shape-memory hydrogel (1)
- shape-memory polymer actuators (1)
- shape-memory properties (1)
- shape-persistent macrocycles (1)
- shuttled RAFT-polymerization (1)
- sichtbares Licht Photokatalyse (1)
- side reaction (1)
- side-chains functionalization (1)
- silacyclohexanes (1)
- silane chemistry (1)
- silapiperidines (1)
- silica particles (1)
- silk fibroin (1)
- silkworm silk (1)
- siloxanes (1)
- silver (1)
- silver nanowires (1)
- silver(1) complexes (1)
- sinefungin (1)
- single crystals (1)
- single particle analysis (1)
- single strand break (1)
- single-atom catalysis (1)
- single-cell (1)
- single-molecule detection (1)
- situ Raman spectroscopy (1)
- skeletal elements (1)
- skin equivalents (1)
- small-angle neutron scattering (1)
- small-angle scattering (1)
- sodium storage mechanism (1)
- sodium-ion (1)
- sodium-ion batteries (1)
- sodium-ion battery (1)
- sodium-ion capacitors (1)
- soft X-radiation (1)
- soft X-ray (1)
- soft and hard templating (1)
- soft matter micro- and nanowires (1)
- soft template (1)
- soft-templates (1)
- soil gas (1)
- sol-gel processes (1)
- solar (1)
- solid electrolyte interphase (1)
- solid phase (1)
- solid-electrolyte-interphase (1)
- solid-phase extraction (1)
- solid-state NMR (1)
- solid-state structure (1)
- solid-supported biomimetic membranes (1)
- solubilization (1)
- solution process (1)
- solvatochromic fluorophore (1)
- solvent (1)
- solvent influence (1)
- solvent resistance (1)
- solvent vapor annealing (1)
- solvent-free reactions (1)
- solvents (1)
- solvo-thermal annealing (1)
- solvothermal synthesis (1)
- sortagging (1)
- sortaseA (1)
- spacer (1)
- spacer group (1)
- speciation (1)
- species (1)
- specific interactions (1)
- specific ion effects (1)
- spectra (1)
- spectro-electrochemistry (1)
- spectrometry (1)
- spent coffee grounds (1)
- sperical (1)
- spermidine (1)
- spezifische Wechselwirkungen (1)
- spherical polyelectrolyte (1)
- spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (1)
- spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPB) (1)
- spin-orbit coupling (1)
- spiro compounds (1)
- spirocycles (1)
- spiropyran copolymer (1)
- sponge (1)
- spray imaging (1)
- sputtering (1)
- square planar (1)
- squaric acid (1)
- stannous octoate (1)
- star-block copolymers (1)
- stark eutektisches Lösungsmittel (1)
- state (1)
- states (1)
- statistical copolymer (1)
- statistical copolymers (1)
- statistische Versuchsplanung (Design of Experiments) (1)
- steigende Blasen (1)
- stem cell adhesion (1)
- stepwise complexation (1)
- stereocomplexes (1)
- steric hindrance (1)
- sterilization (1)
- stickstoffdotierte Kohlenstoffe (1)
- stimul-responsive (1)
- stimul-responsive emulsion (1)
- stimuli-response (1)
- stimuli-sensitive (1)
- stimuli-sensitive materials (1)
- stimuli-sensitivity (1)
- stochastic processes (1)
- storage capacity (1)
- storage proteins (1)
- strain field (1)
- streptavidin (1)
- stroboscopic imaging (1)
- strong field (1)
- strong polyelectrolyte brush (1)
- structural-characterization (1)
- structure-property relationships (1)
- studies (1)
- styrenes (1)
- substituted stilbenes (1)
- substrate (1)
- subtriflavanonol (1)
- sugars (1)
- sulfation (1)
- sulfides (1)
- sulfimides (1)
- sulfobetain (1)
- sulfobetaine (1)
- sulfonamides (1)
- sulfones (1)
- sulfoxide (1)
- sulfoxides (1)
- sulfur heterocycles (1)
- sunscreen (1)
- super-intense laser pulses (1)
- supercritical CO(2) (1)
- supercritical carbon dioxide (1)
- supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) (1)
- superheated water (1)
- superlattices (1)
- superparamagnetisch (1)
- supported catalyst (1)
- supramolecular (1)
- supramolecular interactions (1)
- supramolecular polymer network (1)
- supramolekulare Chemie (1)
- surface charge (1)
- surface coating (1)
- surface enhanced spectroscopy (1)
- surface hopping (1)
- surface hopping dynamics (1)
- surface patterning (1)
- surface plasmon (1)
- surface rheology (1)
- surface science (1)
- surface topography (1)
- surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (1)
- surface-initiated photopolymerization (1)
- surface-plasmon resonance (1)
- surfaces and interfaces (1)
- surfactant (1)
- sustainable energy storage materials (1)
- swelling of polymers (1)
- switch (1)
- switchable block copolymer (1)
- switchable retarder (1)
- synthetic methods (1)
- synthetische Biologie (1)
- synthosomes (1)
- sättigbarer Absorber (1)
- tamplat unterstütze Anordnung von weichen Partikeln (1)
- tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- tandem sequence (1)
- tanning agents (1)
- telechelics (1)
- telomeric DNA (1)
- temperature effect (1)
- temperature phase (1)
- temperature sensor (1)
- temperature variations (1)
- temperature-memory effect (1)
- temperature-memory polymers (1)
- temperature-responsive (1)
- temperaturschaltbar (1)
- template (1)
- template assisted alignment of soft particles (1)
- tensioactivos (1)
- terminal alkynes (1)
- termination (1)
- tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (1)
- tetrachloridocuprate(II) (1)
- tetrachlorocuprate(II) salts (1)
- tetrahalido metallates (1)
- tetrahalidometallates (1)
- theoretical simulation (1)
- thermal isomerization (1)
- thermal isomerization of azobenzene (1)
- thermal processing of food (1)
- thermal transformation mechanism (1)
- thermal treatments (1)
- thermisch angeregte Isomerisierung von Azobenzolen (1)
- thermisch schaltbar (1)
- thermisch schaltbare Polymere (1)
- thermo-sensitivity (1)
- thermomechanical properties (1)
- thermometer (1)
- thermomorphism (1)
- thermoplastic elastomer (1)
- thermoplastic elastomer synthesis (1)
- thermoplastisches Elastomer (1)
- thermoresponsive substrates (1)
- thermoresponsive-nanogel (1)
- thermosensitive polymers (1)
- thiazolium (1)
- thimerosal (1)
- thin film (1)
- thin film crystallization (1)
- thin-films (1)
- thiol (1)
- thiol passivation (1)
- thiol-ene (1)
- thiol-ene reactions (1)
- thiols (1)
- thiophenes (1)
- three-dimensional depth profiling (1)
- thrombocyte adhesion (1)
- through space NMR shieldings (1)
- time-dependent Schrödinger equation (1)
- time-dependent density functional theory (1)
- time-resolved fluorescence (1)
- time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- time-resolved luminescence (1)
- time-resolved measurements (1)
- tin perovskites (1)
- tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (1)
- tissue (1)
- titania (1)
- to-coil transition (1)
- tocopherols (1)
- tomato (1)
- tomography (1)
- topical (1)
- trafficking (1)
- trans-fagaramide (1)
- trans-stilbenes (1)
- transcript markers (1)
- transcription factor (1)
- transferhydrogenation (1)
- transformation (1)
- transient (1)
- transition density matrix (1)
- transition metal (1)
- transition metals (1)
- transition path sampling (1)
- transition-metal-complexes (1)
- transition-potential method (1)
- translational diffusion (1)
- transparent-leitendes Oxid (1)
- traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (1)
- triazine (1)
- triblock copolymers (1)
- triple-shape effect (1)
- triplet sensitization (1)
- trophoblasts (1)
- tropical infectious diseases (1)
- tropische Infektionskrankheiten (1)
- tuberculosis (1)
- tunable diode laser (TDL) (1)
- twinning (1)
- two dimensional network (1)
- two-dimensional phases (1)
- two-photon (1)
- two-photon absorption (1)
- tyrosinase; o-quinones (1)
- ultra-thin membrane (1)
- ultracentrifuge (1)
- ultradünne Membranen (1)
- ultrafast dynamics (1)
- ultrafast reactions (1)
- ultrasound (1)
- ultrathin film (1)
- underpotential deposition (1)
- undulated nanoplatelets (1)
- untere kritische Entmischungstemperatur (1)
- untere kritische Lösungstemperatur (1)
- upconverting nanoparticles (1)
- uranium (VI) (1)
- uranyl (1)
- uremia (1)
- vacuum-UV radiation (1)
- valerolactone (1)
- validation (1)
- valorization (1)
- van der Waals forces (1)
- vanillin (1)
- vascular graft (1)
- vascular grafts (1)
- vesicle studies (1)
- viability (1)
- vibrational control (1)
- vibrational excitation (1)
- vibrational spectroscopy (1)
- vibrationally resolved electronic spectroscopy (1)
- vinylidene fluoride (1)
- viologen (1)
- vis spectroscopy (1)
- viscosity (1)
- visible light (1)
- visible light photocatalysis (1)
- volatile organic compounds (1)
- wasser (1)
- water at alumina (1)
- water remediation (1)
- water splitting reaction (1)
- water vapor (1)
- water/decane contact angle (1)
- water/tetradecane interface (1)
- weakly coordinating ions (1)
- weiche Vorlage (1)
- weiche und harte Templatierung (1)
- weißer Kohlenstoff (1)
- wetting (1)
- whey proteins (1)
- white carbon (1)
- whole blood (1)
- wide angle x‐ ray scattering (1)
- wide-angle x-ray scattering (1)
- wood modification (1)
- wrinkles (1)
- writing-to-learn (1)
- wurtzite type (1)
- wässrige Systeme (1)
- xanthenes (1)
- xanthophylls (1)
- yarns (1)
- ylides (1)
- yolk-shell (1)
- yolk-shell nanoparticles (1)
- ytterbium (1)
- zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (1)
- zirconia (1)
- zweifach schaltbare Blockcopolymere (1)
- zwitterionic (1)
- zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein GP2 (1)
- Übergangsmetall (1)
- Übergangsmetalle (1)
- Überstrukturierte Komposite (1)
- ß-Lactoglobulin (1)
- überkritisches Kohlendioxid (scCO₂) (1)
- β-Hydroxydihydrochalcone (1)
- β‐myrcene (1)
Institute
- Institut für Chemie (2921) (remove)
[1-14C]-N-Acetyldopamine (NADA) was oxidized in the presence of methyl [3-3H]-β-alanate with mushroom tyrosinase. The complex mixture of reaction products was partly resolved by chromatographic procedures and analyzed by spectroscopic methods. Methyl-β-alanate is incorporated to only a small extent into oxidation products of NADA which inter alia are presumed to be oligomeric hydroxyquinones. After oxidation of [1-14C, 2-3H]-NADA with preparations from tanning Manduca sexta pupal cuticle, N-acetylnoradrenalin was identified as one of the products. Binding of radioactivity to melanin-like material was also observed. These results suggest that oxidation products different from those formulated usually for the crosslinkages between protein amino groups and N-acetyldopaquinone are deposited in darkly brown coloured insect cuticles during sclerotization.
Characterisation of silica in Equisetum hyemale and its transformation into biomorphous ceramics
(2007)
Equisetum spp. (horsetail / “Schachtelhalm”) is the only surviving genus of the primitive Sphenopsids vascular plants which reached their zenith during the Carboniferous era. It is an herbaceous plant and is distinguished by jointed stems with fused whorl of nodal leaves. The plant has been used for scouring kitchen utensils and polishing wood during the past time due to its high silica encrustations in the epidermis. Equisetum hyemale (scouring rush) can accumulate silica up to 16% dry weight in its tissue, which makes this plant an interesting candidate as a renewable resource of silica for the synthesis of biomorphous ceramics. The thesis comprises a comprehensive experimental study of silica accumulations in E.hyemale using different characterisation techniques at all hierarchical levels. The obtained results shed light on the local distribution, chemical form, crystallinity, and nanostructure of biogenic silica in E.hyemale which were quite unclear until now. Furthermore, isolation of biogenic silica from E.hyemale to obtain high grade mesoporous silica with high purity is investigated. Finally, syntheses of silicon carbide (b-SiC) by a direct thermoconversion process of E.hyemale is attempted, which is a promising material for high performance ceramics. It is found that silica is deposited continuously on the entire epidermal layer with the highest concentration on the knobs. The highest silicon content is at the knob tips (≈ 33%), followed by epidermal flank (≈ 17%), and inner lower knob (≈ 6%), whereas there is almost no silicon found in the interior parts. Raman spectroscopy reveals the presence of at least two silica modifications in E.hyemale. The first type is pure hydrated amorphous silica restricted to the knob tips. The second type is accumulated on the entire continuous outer layer adjacent to the epidermis cell walls. It is lacking silanol groups and is intimately associated with polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin) and inorganic compounds. Silica deposited in E.hyemale is found to be mostly amorphous with almost negligible amounts of crystalline silica in the form of a-quartz (< 7%). The silica primary particles have a plate-like shape with a thickness of about 2 nm. Pure mesoporous amorphous silica with an open surface area up to 400 m2/g can be obtained from E.hyemale after leaching the plant with HCl to remove the inorganic impurities followed by a calcination treatment. The optimum calcination temperature appears to be around 500°C. Calcination of untreated E.hyemale causes a collapse of the biogenic silica structure which is mainly attributed to the detrimental action of alkali ions present in the native plant. Finally, pure b-SiC with a surface area of about 12 m2/g is obtained upon direct pyrolysis of HCl-treated E.hyemale samples in argon atmosphere. The original structure of native E.hyemale is substantially retained in the biomorphous b-SiC. The results of this thesis lead to a better understanding of the silicification process and allow to draw conclusions about the role of silica in E.hyemale. In particular, a templating role of the plant biopolymers for the synthesis of the nanostructured silica within the plant body can be deduced. Moreover, the high grade ultrafine amorphous silica isolated from E.hyemale promises applications as adsorbent and catalyst support and as silica source for the fabrication of silica-based composites. The synthesis of biomorphous b-SiC from sustainable and low-cost E.hyemale is still in its initial stage. The present thesis demonstrates the principal possibility of carbothermal synthesis of SiC from E.hyemale with the prospect of potential applications, for instance as refractory materials, catalyst supports, or high performance advanced ceramics.
Phototropic microalgae have a large potential for producing valuable substances for the feed, food, cosmetics, pigment, bioremediation, and pharmacy industries as well as for biotechnological processes. Today it is estimated that the microalgal aquaculture worldwide production is 5000 tons of dry matter per year (not taking into account processed products) making it an approximately $1.25 billion U.S. per year industry. In this work, several spectroscopic techniques were utilized for the investigation of microalgae cells. Specifically, photondensity wave spectroscopy was applied as a technique for the on-line observation of the culture. For effective evaluation of the photosynthetic growth processes, fast and non-invasive sensor systems that analyze the relevant biological and technical process parameters are preferred. Traditionally, the biomass in a photobioreactor is quantified with the help of turbidimetry measurements, which require extensive calibration. Another problem frequently encountered when using spectral analysis for investigating solutions is that samples of interest are often undiluted and highly scattering and do not adhere to Beer-Lambert's law. Due to the fluorescence properties of chlorophyll, fluorescence spectroscopy techniques including fluorescence lifetime imaging and single photon counting could be applied to provide images of the cells as well as determine the effects of excitation intensity on the fluorescence lifetime, which is an indicator of the condition of the cell. A photon density wave is a sinusoidally intensity-modulated optical wave stemming from a point-source of light, which propagates through diffuse medium and exhibits amplitude and phase variations. Light propagation though strongly scattering media can be described by the P1 approximation to the Boltzmann transport equation. Photon density wave spectroscopy enables the ability to differentiate between scattered and absorbed light, which is desired so that an independent determination of the reduced scattering and absorption coefficients can be made. The absorption coefficient is related to the pigment content in the cells, and the reduced scattering coefficient can be used to characterize physical and morphological properties of the medium and was here applied for the determination of the average cell size.
The aim of this work was the generation of carbon materials with high surface area, exhibiting a hierarchical pore system in the macro- and mesorange. Such a pore system facilitates the transport through the material and enhances the interaction with the carbon matrix (macropores are pores with diameters > 50 nm, mesopores between 2 – 50 nm). Thereto, new strategies for the synthesis of novel carbon materials with designed porosity were developed that are in particular useful for the storage of energy. Besides the porosity, it is the graphene structure itself that determines the properties of a carbon material. Non-graphitic carbon materials usually exhibit a quite large degree of disorder with many defects in the graphene structure, and thus exhibit inherent microporosity (d < 2nm). These pores are traps and oppose reversible interaction with the carbon matrix. Furthermore they reduce the stability and conductivity of the carbon material, which was undesired for the proposed applications. As one part of this work, the graphene structures of different non-graphitic carbon materials were studied in detail using a novel wide-angle x-ray scattering model that allowed precise information about the nature of the carbon building units (graphene stacks). Different carbon precursors were evaluated regarding their potential use for the synthesis shown in this work, whereas mesophase pitch proved to be advantageous when a less disordered carbon microstructure is desired. By using mesophase pitch as carbon precursor, two templating strategies were developed using the nanocasting approach. The synthesized (monolithic) materials combined for the first time the advantages of a hierarchical interconnected pore system in the macro- and mesorange with the advantages of mesophase pitch as carbon precursor. In the first case, hierarchical macro- / mesoporous carbon monoliths were synthesized by replication of hard (silica) templates. Thus, a suitable synthesis procedure was developed that allowed the infiltration of the template with the hardly soluble carbon precursor. In the second case, hierarchical macro- / mesoporous carbon materials were synthesized by a novel soft-templating technique, taking advantage of the phase separation (spinodal decomposition) between mesophase pitch and polystyrene. The synthesis also allowed the generation of monolithic samples and incorporation of functional nanoparticles into the material. The synthesized materials showed excellent properties as an anode material in lithium batteries and support material for supercapacitors.
An approach to the development of fluorescent probes to follow polymerizations in situ using fluorinated cross-conjugated enediynes (Y-enynes) is reported. Different substitution patterns in the Y-enynes result in distinct solvatochromic behavior. β,β-Bis(phenylethynyl)pentafluorostyrene 7, which bears no donor substituents and only fluorine at the styrene moiety, shows no solvatochromism. Donor substituted β,β-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylethynyl) pentafluorostyrene 8 and β,β-bis(4-butyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylethynyl)-3,4,5-trimethoxystyrene 9 exhibit solvatochromism upon change of solvent polarity. Y-enyne 8 showed the largest solvatochromic shift (94 nm bathochromic shift) upon changing solvent from cyclohexane to acetonitrile. A smaller solvatochromic response (44 nm bathochromic shift) was observed for 9. Lippert–Mataga treatment of 8 and 9 yields slopes of -10,800 and -6,400 cm -1, respectively. This corresponds to a change in dipole moment of 9.6 and 6.9 D, respectively. The solvatochromic behavior in 8 and 9 supports the formation of an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state. The low fluorescence quantum yields are caused by competitive double bond rotation. The fluorescence decay time of 9 decreases in methyltetrahydrofuran from 2.1 ns at 77 K to 0.11 ns at 200 K. Efficient single bond rotation in 9 was frozen at -50 °C in a configuration in which the trimethoxyphenyl ring is perpendicular to the fluorinated rings. 7–9 are photostable compounds. The X-ray structure of 7 shows it is not planar and that its conjugation is distorted. Y-enyne 7 stacks in the solid state showing coulombic, actetylene–arene, and fluorine–π interactions.
Investigations with frequency domain photon density waves allow elucidation of absorption and scattering properties of turbid media. The temporal and spatial propagation of intensity modulated light with frequencies up to more than 1 GHz can be described by the P1 approximation to the Boltzmann transport equation. In this study, we establish requirements for the appropriate choice of turbid model media and characterize mixtures of isosulfan blue as absorber and polystyrene beads as scatterer. For these model media, the independent determination of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients over large absorber and scatterer concentration ranges is demonstrated with a frequency domain photon density wave spectrometer employing intensity and phase measurements at various modulation frequencies.
The properties of a series of well-defined new surfactant oligomers (dimers to tetramers)were examined. From a molecular point of view, these oligomeric surfactants consist of simple monomeric cationic surfactant fragments coupled via the hydrophilic ammonium chloride head groups by spacer groups (different in nature and length). Properties of these cationic surfactant oligomers in aqueous solution such as solubility, micellization and surface activity, micellar size and aggregation number were discussed with respect to the two new molecular variables introduced, i.e. degree of oligomerization and spacer group, in order to establish structure – property relationships. Thus, increasing the degree of oligomerization results in a pronounced decrease of the critical micellization concentration (CMC). Both reduced spacer length and increased spacer hydrophobicity lead to a decrease of the CMC, but to a lesser extent. For these particular compounds, the formed micelles are relatively small and their aggregation number decreases with increasing the degree of oligomerization, increasing spacer length and sterical hindrance. In addition, pseudo-phase diagrams were established for the dimeric surfactants in more complex systems, namely inverse microemulsions, demonstrating again the important influence of the spacer group on the surfactant behaviour. Furthermore, the influence of additives on the property profile of the dimeric compounds was examined, in order to see if the solution properties can be improved while using less material. Strong synergistic effects were observed by adding special organic salts (e.g. sodium salicylate, sodium vinyl benzoate, etc.) to the surfactant dimers in stoichiometric amounts. For such mixtures, the critical aggregation concentration is strongly shifted to lower concentration, the effect being more pronounced for dimers than for analogous monomers. A sharp decrease of the surface tension can also be attained. Many of the organic anions produce viscoelastic solutions when added to the relatively short-chain dimers in aqueous solution, as evidenced by rheological measurements. This behaviour reflects the formation of entangled wormlike micelles due to strong interactions of the anions with the cationic surfactants, decreasing the curvature of the micellar aggregates. It is found that the associative behaviour is enhanced by dimerization. For a given counterion, the spacer group may also induce a stronger viscosifying effect depending on its length and hydrophobicity. Oppositely charged surfactants were combined with the cationic dimers, too. First, some mixtures with the conventional anionic surfactant SDS revealed vesicular aggregates in solution. Also, in view of these catanionic mixtures, a novel anionic dimeric surfactant based on EDTA was synthesized and studied. The synthesis route is relatively simple and the compound exhibits particularly appealing properties such as low CMC and σCMC values, good solubilization capacity of hydrophobic probes and high tolerance to hard water. Noteworthy, mixtures with particular cationic dimers gave rise to viscous solutions, reflecting the micelle growth.
Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) plays an important role for biochemical applications such as DNA sequencing, intracellular protein-protein interactions, molecular binding studies, in vitro diagnostics and many others. For qualitative and quantitative analysis, FRET systems are usually assembled through molecular recognition of biomolecules conjugated with donor and acceptor luminophores. Lanthanide (Ln) complexes, as well as semiconductor quantum dot nanocrystals (QD), possess unique photophysical properties that make them especially suitable for applied FRET. In this work the possibility of using QD as very efficient FRET acceptors in combination with Ln complexes as donors in biochemical systems is demonstrated. The necessary theoretical and practical background of FRET, Ln complexes, QD and the applied biochemical models is outlined. In addition, scientific as well as commercial applications are presented. FRET can be used to measure structural changes or dynamics at distances ranging from approximately 1 to 10 nm. The very strong and well characterized binding process between streptavidin (Strep) and biotin (Biot) is used as a biomolecular model system. A FRET system is established by Strep conjugation with the Ln complexes and QD biotinylation. Three Ln complexes (one with Tb3+ and two with Eu3+ as central ion) are used as FRET donors. Besides the QD two further acceptors, the luminescent crosslinked protein allophycocyanin (APC) and a commercial fluorescence dye (DY633), are investigated for direct comparison. FRET is demonstrated for all donor-acceptor pairs by acceptor emission sensitization and a more than 1000-fold increase of the luminescence decay time in the case of QD reaching the hundred microsecond regime. Detailed photophysical characterization of donors and acceptors permits analysis of the bioconjugates and calculation of the FRET parameters. Extremely large Förster radii of more than 100 Å are achieved for QD as acceptors, considerably larger than for APC and DY633 (ca. 80 and 60 Å). Special attention is paid to interactions with different additives in aqueous solutions, namely borate buffer, bovine serum albumin (BSA), sodium azide and potassium fluoride (KF). A more than 10-fold limit of detection (LOD) decrease compared to the extensively characterized and frequently used donor-acceptor pair of Europium tris(bipyridine) (Eu-TBP) and APC is demonstrated for the FRET system, consisting of the Tb complex and QD. A sub-picomolar LOD for QD is achieved with this system in azide free borate buffer (pH 8.3) containing 2 % BSA and 0.5 M KF. In order to transfer the Strep-Biot model system to a real-life in vitro diagnostic application, two kinds of imunnoassays are investigated using human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) as analyte. HCG itself, as well as two monoclonal anti-HCG mouse-IgG (immunoglobulin G) antibodies are labeled with the Tb complex and QD, respectively. Although no sufficient evidence for FRET can be found for a sandwich assay, FRET becomes obvious in a direct HCG-IgG assay showing the feasibility of using the Ln-QD donor-acceptor pair as highly sensitive analytical tool for in vitro diagnostics.
Polyelectrolyte microcapsules containing stimuli-responsive polymers have potential applications in the fields of sensors or actuators, stimulable microcontainers and controlled drug delivery. Such capsules were prepared, with the focus on pH-sensitivity and carbohydrate-sensing. First, pH-responsive polyelectrolyte capsules were produced by means of electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly of oppositely charged weak polyelectrolytes onto colloidal templates that were subsequently removed. The capsules were composed of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) or poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) and PMA and varied considerably in their hydrophobicity and the influence of secondary interactions. These polymers were assembled onto CaCO3 and SiO2 particles with diameters of ~ 5 µm, and a new method for the removal of the silica template under mild conditions was proposed. The pH-dependent stability of PAH/PMA and P4VP/PMA capsules was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). They were stable over a wide pH-range and exhibited a pronounced swelling at the edges of stability, which was attributed to uncompensated positive or negative charges within the multilayers. The swollen state could be stabilized when the electrostatic repulsion was counteracted by hydrogen-bonding, hydrophobic interactions or polymeric entanglement. This stabilization made it possible to reversibly swell and shrink the capsules by tuning the pH of the solution. The pH-dependent ionization degree of PMA was used to modulate the binding of calcium ions. In addition to the pH-sensitivity, the stability and the swelling degree of these capsules at a given pH could be modified, when the ionic strength of the medium was altered. The reversible swelling was accompanied by reversible permeability changes for low and high molecular weight substances. The permeability for glucose was evaluated by studying the time-dependence of the buckling of the capsule walls in glucose solutions and the reversible permeability modulation was used for the encapsulation of polymeric material. A theoretical model was proposed to explain the pH-dependent size variations that took into account an osmotic expanding force and an elastic restoring force to evaluate the pH-dependent size changes of weak polyelectrolyte capsules. Second, sugar-sensitive multilayers were assembled using the reversible covalent ester formation between the polysaccharide mannan and phenylboronic acid moieties that were grafted onto poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The resulting multilayer films were sensitive to several carbohydrates, showing the highest sensitivity to fructose. The response to carbohydrates resulted from the competitive binding of small molecular weight sugars and mannan to the boronic acid groups within the film, and was observed as a fast dissolution of the multilayers, when they were brought into contact with the sugar-containing solution above a critical concentration. It was also possible to prepare carbohydrate-sensitive multilayer capsules, and their sugar-dependent stability was investigated by following the release of encapsulated rhodamine-labeled bovine serum albumin (TRITC-BSA).
First studies of electron transfer in [N]phenylenes were performed in bimolecular quenching reactions of angular [3]- and triangular [4]phenylene with various electron acceptors. The relation between the quenching rate constants kq and the free energy change of the electron transfer (ΔG0CS ) could be described by the Rehm-Weller equation. From the experimental results, a reorganization energy λ of 0.7 eV was derived. Intramolecular electron transfer reactions were studied in an [N]phenylene bichomophore and a corresponding reference compound. Fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield of the bichromophor display a characteristic dependence on the solvent polarity, whereas the corresponding values of the reference compound remain constant. From the results, a nearly isoenergonic ΔG0CS can be determined. As the triplet quantum yield is nearly independent of the polarity, charge recombination leads to the population of the triplet state.
The fluorescence properties and the fluorescence quenching by Tb3+ of substituted benzoic acid were investigated in solution at different pH. The substituted benzoic acids were used as simple model compounds for chromophores present in humic substances (HS). It is shown that the fluorescence properties of the model compounds resemble fluorescence of HS quite well. A major factor determining the fluorescence of model compounds are proton transfer reactions in the electronically excited state. It is intriguing that the fluorescence of the model compounds was almost not quenched by Tb3+ while the HS fluorescence was decreased very effectively. From our results we concluded that proton transfer reactions as well as conformational reorientation processes play an important role in the fluorescence of HS. The luminescence of bound Tb3+ was sensitized by an energy transfer step upon excitation of the model compounds and of HS, respectively. For HS the observed sensitization was dependent on its origin indicating differences 1) in the connection between chromophores and binding sites and 2) in the energy levels of the chromophore triplet states. Hence, the observed sensitization of the Tb3+ luminescence could be useful to characterize structural differences of HS in solution. Interlanthanide energy transfer between Tb3+ and Nd3+ was used to determine the average distance R between both ions using the well-known formalism of luminescence resonance energy transfer. R was dependent on the origin of the HS reflecting the difference in structure. The value of Rmin seemed to be a unique feature of the HS. It was further found that upon variation of the pH R also changed. This demonstrates that the measurement of interlanthanide energy transfer can be used as a direct method to monitor conformational changes in HS.
Optical methods play an important role in process analytical technologies (PAT). Four examples of optical process and quality sensing (OPQS) are presented, which are based on three important experimental techniques: near-infrared absorption, luminescence quenching, and a novel method, photon density wave (PDW) spectroscopy. These are used to evaluate four process and quality parameters related to beer brewing and polyurethane (PU) foaming processes: the ethanol content and the oxygen (O2) content in beer, the biomass in a bioreactor, and the cellular structures of PU foam produced in a pilot production plant.
The salivary glands of the blowfly were injected with luminescent oxygen-sensitive microbeads. The changes in oxygen content within individual gland tubules during hormone-induced secretory activity were quantified. The measurements are based on an upgraded phase-modulation technique, where the phase shift of the sensor phosphorescence is determined independently from concentration and background signals. We show that the combination of a lock-in amplifier with a fluorescence microscope results in a convenient setup to measure oxygen concentrations within living animal tissues at the cellular level.
Quantum dots (QDs) are common as luminescing markers for imaging in biological applications because their optical properties seem to be inert against their surrounding solvent. This, together with broad and strong absorption bands and intense, sharp tuneable luminescence bands, makes them interesting candidates for methods utilizing Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), e. g. for sensitive homogeneous fluoroimmunoassays (FIA). In this work we demonstrate energy transfer from Eu3+-trisbipyridin (Eu-TBP) donors to CdSe-ZnS-QD acceptors in solutions with and without serum. The QDs are commercially available CdSe-ZnS core-shell particles emitting at 655 nm (QD655). The FRET system was achieved by the binding of the streptavidin conjugated donors with the biotin conjugated acceptors. After excitation of Eu-TBP and as result of the energy transfer, the luminescence of the QD655 acceptors also showed lengthened decay times like the donors. The energy transfer efficiency, as calculated from the decay times of the bound and the unbound components, amounted to 37%. The Forster-radius, estimated from the absorption and emission bands, was ca. 77Å. The effective binding ratio, which not only depends on the ratio of binding pairs but also on unspecific binding, was obtained from the donor emission dependent on the concentration. As serum promotes unspecific binding, the overall FRET efficiency of the assay was reduced. We conclude that QDs are good substitutes for acceptors in FRET if combined with slow decay donors like Europium. The investigation of the influence of the serum provides guidance towards improving binding properties of QD assays.
To determine whether Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements can provide quantitative distance information in single-molecule fluorescence experiments on polypeptides, we measured FRET efficiency distributions for donor and acceptor dyes attached to the ends of freely diffusing polyproline molecules of various lengths. The observed mean FRET efficiencies agree with those determined from ensemble lifetime measurements but differ considerably from the values expected from Förster theory, with polyproline treated as a rigid rod. At donor–acceptor distances much less than the Förster radius R0, the observed efficiencies are lower than predicted, whereas at distances comparable to and greater than R0, they are much higher. Two possible contributions to the former are incomplete orientational averaging during the donor lifetime and, because of the large size of the dyes, breakdown of the point-dipole approximation assumed in Förster theory. End-to-end distance distributions and correlation times obtained from Langevin molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the differences for the longer polyproline peptides can be explained by chain bending, which considerably shortens the donor–acceptor distances.
A technique has been developed to measure absolute intracellular oxygen concentrations in green plants. Oxygen-sensitive phosphorescent microbeads were injected into the cells and an optical multifrequency phase-modulation technique was used to discriminate the sensor signal from the strong autofluorescence of the plant tissue. The method was established using photosynthesis-competent cells of the giant algae Chara corallina L., and was validated by application to various cell types of other plant species.
Absorption and fluorescence properties of 4 hydraulic oils (3 biological and 1 petroleum-based) were investigated. In-situ LIF (laser-induced fluorescence) analysis of the oils on a brown sandy loam soil was performed. With calibration, quantitative detection was achieved. Estimated limits of detection were below ca. 500 mg/kg for the petroleum-based oil and ca. 2000 mg/kg for one biological oil. A semi-quantitative classification scheme is proposed for monitoring of the biological oils. This approach was applied to investigate the migration of a biological oil in soil-containing compartments, namely a soil column and a soil bed.
Results of an inter-laboratory round-robin study of the application of time-resolved emission spectroscopy (TRES) to the speciation of uranium(VI) in aqueous media are presented. The round-robin study involved 13 independent laboratories, using various instrumentation and data analysis methods. Samples were prepared based on appropriate speciation diagrams and, in general, were found to be chemically stable for at least six months. Four different types of aqueous uranyl solutions were studied: (1) acidic medium where UO22+aq is the single emitting species, (2) uranyl in the presence of fluoride ions, (3) uranyl in the presence of sulfate ions, and (4) uranyl in aqueous solutions at different pH, promoting the formation of hydrolyzed species. Results between the laboratories are compared in terms of the number of decay components, luminescence lifetimes, and spectral band positions. The successes and limitations of TRES in uranyl analysis and speciation in aqueous solutions are discussed.
Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence methods were applied to investigate the fluorescence properties of humic substances of different origins. Using standard 2D emission and total luminescence spectra, fluorescence maxima, the width of the fluorescence band and a relative fluorescence quantum efficiency were determined. Different trends for fulvic acids and humic acids were observed indicating differences in the heterogeneity of the sample fractions. The complexity of the fluorescence decay of humic substances is discussed and compared to simple model compounds. The effect of oxidation of humic substances on their fluorescence properties is discussed as well.
The formation of colloids by the controlled reduction, nucleation, and growth of inorganic precursor salts in different media has been investigated for more than a century. Recently, the preparation of ultrafine particles has received much attention since they can offer highly promising and novel options for a wide range of technical applications (nanotechnology, electrooptical devices, pharmaceutics, etc). The interest derives from the well-known fact that properties of advanced materials are critically dependent on the microstructure of the sample. Control of size, size distribution and morphology of the individual grains or crystallites is of the utmost importance in order to obtain the material characteristics desired. Several methods can be employed for the synthesis of nanoparticles. On the one hand, the reduction can occur in diluted aqueous or alcoholic solutions. On the other hand, the reduction process can be realized in a template phase, e.g. in well-defined microemulsion droplets. However, the stability of the nanoparticles formed mainly depends on their surface charge and it can be influenced with some added protective components. Quite different types of polymers, including polyelectrolytes and amphiphilic block copolymers, can for instance be used as protecting agents. The reduction and stabilization of metal colloids in aqueous solution by adding self-synthesized hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes were studied in much more details. The polymers used are hydrophobically modified derivatives of poly(sodium acrylate) and of maleamic acid copolymers as well as the commercially available branched poly(ethyleneimine). The first notable result is that the polyelectrolytes used can act alone as both reducing and stabilizing agent for the preparation of gold nanoparticles. The investigation was then focused on the influence of the hydrophobic substitution of the polymer backbone on the reduction and stabilization processes. First of all, the polymers were added at room temperature and the reduction process was investigated over a longer time period (up to 8 days). In comparison, the reduction process was realized faster at higher temperature, i.e. 100°C. In both cases metal nanoparticles of colloidal dimensions can be produced. However, the size and shape of the individual nanoparticles mainly depends on the polymer added and the temperature procedure used. In a second part, the influence of the prior mentioned polyelectrolytes was investigated on the phase behaviour as well as on the properties of the inverse micellar region (L2 phase) of quaternary systems consisting of a surfactant, toluene-pentanol (1:1) and water. The majority of the present work has been made with the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) since they can interact with the oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and the microemulsions formed using these surfactants present a large water-in-oil region. Subsequently, the polymer-modified microemulsions were used as new templates for the synthesis of inorganic particles, ranging from metals to complex crystallites, of very small size. The water droplets can indeed act as nanoreactors for the nucleation and growth of the particles, and the added polymer can influence the droplet size, the droplet-droplet interactions, as well as the stability of the surfactant film by the formation of polymer-surfactant complexes. One further advantage of the polymer-modified microemulsions is the possibility to stabilize the primary formed nanoparticles via a polymer adsorption (steric and/or electrostatic stabilization). Thus, the polyelectrolyte-modified nanoparticles formed can be redispersed without flocculation after solvent evaporation.