Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (1002)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (1002) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (1002)
Keywords
- exercise (13)
- athletic performance (12)
- Gait (9)
- depression (9)
- stretch-shortening cycle (9)
- EMG (8)
- Electromyography (8)
- adolescents (7)
- cardiac rehabilitation (7)
- strength training (7)
- Adaptive Force (6)
- Cardiac rehabilitation (6)
- Physical activity (6)
- balance (6)
- coronary artery disease (6)
- football (6)
- physical activity (6)
- young athletes (6)
- Alcohol dependence (5)
- Children (5)
- Stretch-shortening cycle (5)
- children (5)
- electromyography (5)
- gait (5)
- low back pain (5)
- performance (5)
- resistance training (5)
- sonography (5)
- validity (5)
- youth (5)
- Germany (4)
- Ground reaction force (4)
- HIV (4)
- MiSpEx (4)
- Rehabilitation (4)
- Reinforcement learning (4)
- Walking (4)
- anxiety (4)
- dementia (4)
- fMRI (4)
- fatigue (4)
- inflammation (4)
- kardiologische Rehabilitation (4)
- prevention (4)
- reliability (4)
- training (4)
- Achilles tendon (3)
- Aging (3)
- Cost-effectiveness (3)
- Decision-making (3)
- Depression (3)
- Exercise (3)
- Muscle strength (3)
- Perturbation (3)
- Prevention (3)
- Stress (3)
- Telerehabilitation (3)
- affect (3)
- alcohol (3)
- berufliche Wiedereingliederung (3)
- cardiovascular diseases (3)
- change of direction (3)
- core (3)
- degenerative disc disease (3)
- drop jump (3)
- elite athletes (3)
- isokinetic (3)
- isometric muscle action (3)
- loading rate (3)
- maximal isometric Adaptive Force (3)
- meta-analysis (3)
- monitoring (3)
- motivation (3)
- neuromuscular control (3)
- periodization (3)
- rehabilitation (3)
- reproducibility (3)
- soccer (3)
- speed (3)
- strength (3)
- talent identification (3)
- time (3)
- trunk (3)
- Adolescents (2)
- Assessment (2)
- Balance (2)
- Body composition (2)
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (2)
- COVID-19 (2)
- Cardiovascular disease (2)
- Cognitive/motor interference (2)
- Coronary artery disease (2)
- Crossover (2)
- Decannulation (2)
- Dementia (2)
- Doping (2)
- Executive function (2)
- Frailty (2)
- Isokinetic (2)
- Jump height (2)
- Kampfsport (2)
- Malnutrition (2)
- Mild cognitive impairment (2)
- Muscle (2)
- Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (2)
- Postural control (2)
- Power (2)
- Prevalence (2)
- Proactive/reactive balance (2)
- Prävention (2)
- Psychotherapierichtlinie (2)
- Relapse (2)
- Return to work (2)
- Sensorimotor training (2)
- Single/dual tasking (2)
- Split-belt treadmill (2)
- Steady-state balance (2)
- Stumbling (2)
- Telehealth (2)
- Telemedicine (2)
- Tendinopathy (2)
- Tracheostomy (2)
- Tracheotomie (2)
- Translation (2)
- Treadmill walking (2)
- Trunk muscle strength (2)
- Ultrasonography (2)
- Ultrasound (2)
- Ventilation (2)
- Ventral striatum (2)
- Young athletes (2)
- Youth (2)
- acceptance (2)
- acute coronary syndrome (2)
- adaptive force (2)
- advanced dynamic flow (2)
- aging (2)
- agitation (2)
- anthropometry (2)
- athletes (2)
- attitudes (2)
- automatic evaluation (2)
- automatic evaluations (2)
- back pain (2)
- benzodiazepines (2)
- biomechanics (2)
- cardiopulmonary exercise testing (2)
- cardiovascular (2)
- caregiver (2)
- combat sport (2)
- combat sports (2)
- evaluation (2)
- exercise intensity (2)
- force (2)
- general practitioners (2)
- health (2)
- holding capacity (2)
- hypertension (2)
- intervention (2)
- jumping (2)
- jumps (2)
- kinetics (2)
- knee (2)
- lactate threshold (2)
- long-term effects (2)
- major depression (2)
- maturity (2)
- mental health (2)
- metabolic disease (2)
- mirror (2)
- movement (2)
- muscle (2)
- muscle strength (2)
- muscle weakness (2)
- musculoskeletal ultrasound (2)
- myocardial infarction (2)
- neovascularization (2)
- nursing home (2)
- outcome (2)
- pension insurance (2)
- perturbation (2)
- physical fitness (2)
- plyometric training (2)
- precuneus (2)
- predictors (2)
- prevalence (2)
- psychosocial moderators (2)
- quality assurance (2)
- quality of life (2)
- race (2)
- relationship (2)
- return to work (2)
- secondary prevention (2)
- sedentary (2)
- shoulder (2)
- soccer players (2)
- somatic variables (2)
- sport (2)
- sportliche Leistung (2)
- sprints (2)
- statins (2)
- stroke (2)
- surface electromyography (2)
- team sports (2)
- tendinopathy (2)
- training intervention (2)
- training load (2)
- ultrasonography (2)
- ultrasound (2)
- variability (2)
- walking (2)
- yellow flags (2)
- young (2)
- youth soccer (2)
- (hypo)tonicity (1)
- 1,25(OH)(2) vitamin D (1)
- 24 h recall (1)
- 3D motion (1)
- AAT (1)
- ALIF (1)
- ANKLE JOINT (1)
- Acceleration (1)
- Accelerometry (1)
- Action potential (1)
- Action prediction (1)
- Action-perception link (1)
- Acute Recovery and Stress Scale (ARSS) (1)
- Acute coronary syndrome (1)
- Acute myocardial infarction (1)
- Adaptation (1)
- Adolescent (1)
- Adolescent athletes (1)
- Affective modulation (1)
- Aftercare (1)
- Age-related macular degeneration (1)
- Agreement (1)
- Akzeptanz (1)
- Alcohol expectancy (1)
- Algorithmengüte (1)
- Algorithmische Entscheidungssysteme (1)
- Allometric models (1)
- Alzheimer dementia (1)
- Alzheimer disease (1)
- Amplitude (1)
- Ankle (1)
- Ankle joint (1)
- Ankle sprain (1)
- Ankles (1)
- Anticipated regret (1)
- Anxiety (1)
- Apathy (1)
- App (1)
- Arch-index (1)
- Arterial hypertension (1)
- Artificial intelligence (1)
- Aspiration (1)
- Association (1)
- Athleten (1)
- Athletes (1)
- Athletic loading (1)
- Atopic dermatitis (1)
- Attention (1)
- Augmented reality (1)
- Automatic evaluation (1)
- Avoidance learning (1)
- Axillary lymph nodes (1)
- BDNF (1)
- BIAT (1)
- BPSD (1)
- Back pain (1)
- Balance Tests (1)
- Bathyarchaea (1)
- Beatmung (1)
- Bimanual probe (1)
- Bioavailable vitamin D (1)
- Biochemical profiles (1)
- Biocompatibility testing (1)
- Biological monitoring (1)
- Biomechanics (1)
- Body mass index (1)
- Body part priming (1)
- Body-Mass-Index (1)
- Boric acid (1)
- Boron exposure (1)
- Bow leg (1)
- Breast ultrasound (1)
- Bundesliga (1)
- CAIT (1)
- CLBP (1)
- CMS (1)
- Calcaneus (1)
- Calculated free 25(OH) vitamin D (1)
- Cancer detection (1)
- Cardiac rehabilitation Chronic heart failure (1)
- Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (1)
- Care techniques (1)
- Caregiver (1)
- Central activation (1)
- Cervical and lumbar discs (1)
- Charging in sunlight (1)
- Chemoprophylaxis (1)
- Child (1)
- Childhood and adolescence (1)
- Choice (1)
- Chronic ankle instability (1)
- Chronic back pain (1)
- Chronic illness (1)
- Chronic pain (1)
- Chronic stress (1)
- Chronische Krankheit (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (1)
- Cognitive enhancer (1)
- Cognitive interference (1)
- Cognitive skills (1)
- Combined modality therapy (1)
- Common coding (1)
- Composite outcome measure (1)
- Computational psychiatry (1)
- Computer Software (1)
- Computer-assisted home training (1)
- Conditioning activity (1)
- Conduction velocity (1)
- Confusion matrix (1)
- Control rates (1)
- Core (1)
- Core stability (1)
- Core strength (1)
- Coronary angiography (1)
- Coronary artery bypass grafting (1)
- Coronary heart disease (CHD) (1)
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (1)
- Cross-culture (1)
- Cross-over fatigue (1)
- Cycling (1)
- D3 receptor (1)
- Defensive actions (1)
- Degenerative disc disease (DDD) and disc herniation (DH) (1)
- Dekanülierung (1)
- Depression symptoms (1)
- Depressive disorder (1)
- Depressive symptoms (1)
- Dermal delivery (1)
- Detraining (1)
- Development (1)
- Developmental delay (1)
- Developmental toxicity (1)
- Diagnostic techniques and procedures (1)
- Dietary supplements (1)
- Digital Health (1)
- Digitale Gesundheitsinformationen (1)
- Dimensional (1)
- Directly measured free vitamin D (1)
- Diseases (1)
- Dopamine D2 (1)
- Doping tests (1)
- Doppler ultrasound (1)
- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (1)
- Drug delivery systems (1)
- Drug prescription (1)
- Drug-coated balloon (1)
- Drug-eluting stent (1)
- Dual mode theory (1)
- Dual tasks (1)
- Dual-task walking (1)
- Dyadic coping (1)
- Dyslipidemia (1)
- Dysphagie (1)
- ECG (1)
- EGCG (1)
- EMC (1)
- Early rehabilitation (1)
- Eastern-Western Germany (1)
- Edible dormouse (1)
- Education (1)
- Ego-depletion (1)
- Einbeiniger Standtest (1)
- Elasticity imaging (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Electroencephalography (EEG) (1)
- Electromyography (EMG) (1)
- Electronic Health (1)
- Elite athletes (1)
- Elite sport (1)
- Elite sports (1)
- Embodied cognition (1)
- Emotional valence (1)
- Emotions (1)
- Endoscopy (1)
- Endothelin-1 (1)
- Endurance (1)
- Endurance training (1)
- Ergebnisqualität (1)
- Ernährung (1)
- Error monitoring (1)
- Esophagus carcinoma (1)
- Europe (1)
- Exclusion (1)
- Exercise addiction (1)
- Exercise behavior (1)
- Exercise therapy (1)
- Exocrine pancreas (1)
- Expectancy-value (1)
- Expertenbefragung (1)
- External loading (1)
- Eye movements (1)
- FOXM1 (1)
- FSFI (1)
- Factor+Analysis (1)
- Factor-analysis (1)
- Faktorenanalyse (1)
- Falls (1)
- Farber disease (1)
- Fatigue (1)
- Finger counting (1)
- First psychotic episode (1)
- Fist-Edge-Palm test (1)
- Flat feet (1)
- Flexibility (1)
- Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (1)
- Focus group (1)
- Foot (1)
- Foot progression angle (1)
- Footwear (1)
- Force production (1)
- Free 25(OH) vitamin D (1)
- Free moment (1)
- Free vitamin D (1)
- Frührehabilitation (1)
- Functional ankle instability (1)
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (1)
- Functional weakness (1)
- Future drinking behavior (1)
- Fuzzy logic (1)
- Gait perturbation (1)
- General population (1)
- Genetic polymorphism (1)
- Geometry (1)
- Gewichtsreduktion (1)
- Ginkgo biloba extract (1)
- Glomerular filtration rate (1)
- Glucose tolerance (1)
- Goal-directed control (1)
- HI-RTE (1)
- HIGH-DENSITY SURFACE EMG (1)
- HOMA-IR (1)
- Hamstring (1)
- Hazardous alcohol use (1)
- Health behavior change (1)
- Health inequalities (1)
- Heart failure (1)
- Heart valve correction (1)
- Herzinfarkt (1)
- Herzinsuffizienz (1)
- Herzklappenkorrektur (1)
- Hierarchical linear modeling (1)
- High-fat-sucrose-salt diet (1)
- High-intensity interval training (1)
- Hip (1)
- Hirnorganisches Syndrom (1)
- Holding (1)
- Holding capacity (1)
- Holding isometric muscle action (1)
- Home-based (1)
- Human neuroimaging (1)
- Hypertriglyceridemia (1)
- ICIQ (1)
- INSERT (1)
- INSOLE (1)
- Imaginations (1)
- Imaging (1)
- In-toeing (1)
- Incidence rates (1)
- Income (1)
- Incubator (1)
- Indicators of socioeconomic status (1)
- Indicators of socioeconomic status, Health inequality (1)
- Inflammaging (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Informiertes Entscheiden (1)
- Initial Interview (1)
- Injury (1)
- Intelligence (1)
- Intermittent exercise (1)
- Internal simulation (1)
- Intervention study (1)
- Intervertebral disc (1)
- Intervertebral disc degeneration (1)
- Intra-articular calcaneal fracture (1)
- Intubation (1)
- Isokinetics (1)
- Isometric Adaptive Force (1)
- Ixodes ricinus (1)
- JOINT STABILITY (1)
- Job position (1)
- Judo-specific pulling movement (1)
- Jugendliche (1)
- Jumping height (1)
- Kaplan-Meier plot (1)
- Kick (1)
- Kinder (1)
- Kindergarten (1)
- Kindes- und Jugendalter (1)
- Kinematic (1)
- Kinematics (1)
- Kinetic (1)
- Knee (1)
- Knee valgus (1)
- Knee valgus motion (1)
- Knees (1)
- Kognition (1)
- Koronare Herzerkrankung (1)
- Körperliche Aktivität (1)
- Lactobacillus fermentum (1)
- Lactobacillus salivarius (1)
- Lebensqualität (1)
- Lebensspanne (1)
- Lebensstil (1)
- Lebensstilintervention (1)
- Left ventricular hypertrophy (1)
- Legs (1)
- Leistungssport (1)
- Lifespan (1)
- Lifestyle intervention (1)
- Lifting (1)
- Linear regression analysis (1)
- Lipedema (1)
- Lipid profile (1)
- Lipoedema (1)
- Liposuction (1)
- Loading rate (1)
- Locomotion (1)
- Long COVID (1)
- Lower extremity (1)
- Lower-extremity perturbations (1)
- LumiraDx INR Test (1)
- LumiraDx Platform (1)
- Luria (1)
- Lymph node metastases (1)
- LysM (1)
- MDM2 (1)
- MIDPORTION (1)
- MISPEX (1)
- MMA (1)
- MOBAK (1)
- MOTOR UNIT ADAPTATION (1)
- MOTOR UNIT DECOMPOSITION (1)
- MOTOR UNIT DISCHARGE RATE (1)
- MOTOR UNIT TRACKING (1)
- Major depressive disorder (1)
- Manual muscle test (1)
- Markerless motion capture system (1)
- Marr's levels (1)
- Martial arts (1)
- Maternal folate treatment (1)
- Maturation (1)
- Maximal isometric force (1)
- Maximal oxygen uptake (1)
- Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) (1)
- Maximalkraft (1)
- Maxwellian distribution (1)
- Mechanical ventilation (1)
- Mechanomyography (1)
- Mechanotendography (1)
- Media (1)
- Medial prefrontal cortex (1)
- Medical rehabilitation (1)
- Medien (1)
- Medizinische Rehabilitation (1)
- Megaliposuction (1)
- Mental (1)
- Mental disorders (1)
- Mental fatigue (1)
- Mental health (1)
- Metabolic syndrome (1)
- Metabolically healthy obesity (1)
- MiSpEx* (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mimicry (1)
- Minerals (1)
- MoVo (1)
- Mobile Health (1)
- Mobile diagnostics (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Monetary incentive delay task (1)
- Monosynaptic reflexes (1)
- Morote-seoi-nage (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Motion (1)
- Motion analysis (1)
- Motivation (1)
- Motor control (1)
- Motor function (1)
- Motor performance (1)
- Motor skills (1)
- Motor unit (1)
- Movement (1)
- Movement velocity (1)
- Multi-domain nanoparticles (1)
- Multiple sclerosis (1)
- Multivoxel classification (1)
- Muscle mass (1)
- Muscle torque (1)
- Musculoskeletal injury (1)
- NEOVASCULARIZATION (1)
- NEUROMUSCULAR ADAPTATION (1)
- Nachwuchsathleten (1)
- Nanomaterials (1)
- Nanoparticle (1)
- National Socialism (1)
- Negative life events (1)
- Neural activation (1)
- Neural inhibition (1)
- Neurocognitive disorders (1)
- Neuroendocrine tumors (1)
- Neuroenhancement (1)
- Neurology (1)
- Neuromental index (1)
- Neuromentalindex (1)
- Neuromuscular control (1)
- Neuroscience (1)
- Non-pharmacological intervention (1)
- Nordic walking (1)
- Nucleus accumbens (1)
- Numerical cognition (1)
- Nursing home (1)
- Nutrition (1)
- Nutzung (1)
- O2C spectrophotometer (1)
- OVERUSE INJURY (1)
- Oberflächenelektromyografie (1)
- Observational (1)
- Occupational therapy (1)
- Octogenarians (1)
- Older patients (1)
- Oncologic cardiologic rehabilitation (1)
- One-legged stance (1)
- Onkologische kardiologische Rehabilitation (1)
- OptoGait (1)
- Optojump system (1)
- Orthopedics (1)
- Ostdeutschland (1)
- Out-toeing (1)
- Overuse injury (1)
- Oxazolone (1)
- PET (1)
- POCD (1)
- PROGNOSIS (1)
- PROGRESS (1)
- Pain occurrence (1)
- Paraplegia (1)
- Parkinson's disease (1)
- Patella tendon (1)
- Paternal programming (1)
- Pathologies (1)
- Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (1)
- Peak torque (1)
- Pediatric gait (1)
- Penetration enhancement (1)
- Peptide fermentation (1)
- Perceived Stress Scale (1)
- Personalisierte Medizin (1)
- Personality (1)
- Personalized medicine (1)
- Pflegerische Techniken (1)
- Physical exercise (1)
- Physical fitness (1)
- Physical performance (1)
- Physical training (1)
- Physician shortage (1)
- Plantar pressure (1)
- Plantar pressure distribution (1)
- Platelets (1)
- Point-light action (1)
- Poly[acrylonitrile-co-(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)] (1)
- Polymers (1)
- Positive life events (1)
- Positron emission tomography (1)
- Postactivation potentiation (1)
- Postural Control (1)
- Postural balance (1)
- Postural stability (1)
- Posturale Kontrolle (1)
- Prediction error (1)
- Prediction error signal (1)
- Predictors (1)
- Preference (1)
- Pregnancy outcomes (1)
- Preterm (1)
- Primary school (1)
- Priming (1)
- Principal component analysis (1)
- ProDisc Vivo (1)
- Prognosis (1)
- Proprioception (1)
- Prospective study (1)
- Prädiktoren (1)
- Psychische Erkrankungen (1)
- Psychische Gesundheit (1)
- Psychoeducation (1)
- Psychological techniques (1)
- Psychologische Intervention (1)
- Psychology (1)
- Psychometric evaluation (1)
- Psychosocial distress (1)
- Psychosozialer Distress (1)
- Psychotropics (1)
- Psychpathology (1)
- Punch (1)
- Pushing isometric muscle action (1)
- Quadriceps strength (1)
- Quality of life (1)
- Qualitätsindikatoren (1)
- Quarantine (1)
- Querschnittlähmung (1)
- Questionnaires (1)
- RBP4 (1)
- RLS (1)
- RSI (1)
- Real-time tissue elastography (1)
- Referees' Decisions (1)
- Refficacy (1)
- Reflex reproducibility (1)
- Regional deprivation (1)
- Rehabilitation success (1)
- Rehabilitationserfolg (1)
- Reliability (1)
- Remote patient monitoring (1)
- Renal sympathetic denervation (1)
- Rentenversicherung (1)
- Reproducibility (1)
- Reservoir host (1)
- Residential environment (1)
- Resistance training (1)
- Resistant hypertension (1)
- Respiratory aspiration (1)
- Restenosis (1)
- Revascularization (1)
- Reversal learning (1)
- Reward learning (1)
- Reward system (1)
- Richtlinienverfahren (1)
- Risikokompetenz (1)
- Risk factor (1)
- Running (1)
- Running gait (1)
- Rural health (1)
- Rurality (1)
- Rückenschmerzen (1)
- SAMSAQ (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 (1)
- SEMG-pattern (1)
- SEMOK (1)
- Scanning electron microscopy (1)
- Scapular dyskinesis (1)
- Scapulohumeral rhythm (1)
- Scapulothoracic (1)
- Schiedsrichterentscheidungen (1)
- Schizophrenia (1)
- Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (1)
- Schluckdiagnostik (1)
- Schnellkraft (1)
- School (1)
- School performance (1)
- Schutzstaffel (SS, Protection Squadron) (1)
- Scintigraphy (1)
- Sekundärprävention (1)
- Selbstwirksamkeit (1)
- Self-control (1)
- Self-efficacy (1)
- Self-regulation (1)
- Seniors (1)
- Sensorimotor control (1)
- Serum (1)
- Short‐term effect (1)
- Siberia (1)
- Signaling (1)
- Skeletal joints (1)
- Skin (1)
- Skin absorption (1)
- Sleep (1)
- Social background (1)
- Social capital (1)
- Social cohesion (1)
- Social disparities (1)
- Social functioning (1)
- Social norms (1)
- Socioeconomic status (1)
- Sonoelastography (1)
- Spatial analysis (1)
- Spatiotemporal (1)
- Speed (1)
- Sphingolipids (1)
- Sport Psychology (1)
- Sport medicine (1)
- Sport therapy (1)
- Sports injury (1)
- Stadt-Land-Vergleich (1)
- Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- Star excursion balance test (1)
- Steatorrhea (1)
- Steroid use (1)
- Strain injury (1)
- Strength testing (1)
- Stressful life events (1)
- Striatum (1)
- Student performance (1)
- Suicide attempt (1)
- Swimming performance (1)
- TAVI (1)
- TDR (1)
- TENDINOPATHY (1)
- TRP channels (1)
- TRPA1 (1)
- TRPC6 (1)
- TRPV1 (1)
- TRPV2 (1)
- TRPV4 (1)
- TTR (1)
- Tamm-Horsfall protein (1)
- Targeted therapy (1)
- Team sports (1)
- Telemedizin (1)
- Tendon (1)
- Tendon structure (1)
- Test-retest (1)
- Theraband training (1)
- Thermokarst (1)
- Time-motion analysis (1)
- Tolerable upper limits (1)
- Topical treatment (1)
- Total 25(OH) vitamin D (1)
- Total hip replacement (1)
- Total knee replacement (1)
- Tracheotomy (1)
- Training volume (1)
- Trainingstherapie (1)
- Trait-State Interaction Model (1)
- Transcranial magnetic brain stimulation (TMS) (1)
- Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel (1)
- Transient receptor potential channels (1)
- Trauma (1)
- Traumatic brain injury (1)
- Treadmill (1)
- Treatment outcome (1)
- Trunk (1)
- Trunk kinematics (1)
- Turkish (1)
- Turkish migrants (1)
- Two forms of isometric muscle action (1)
- Type 2 diabetes (1)
- Types of university and college (1)
- Unterschiede (1)
- Upper secondary education (1)
- VO2mdx (1)
- Variability (1)
- Velocity (1)
- Venous thromboembolism (1)
- Vertec device (1)
- Video consultations (1)
- Vitamin D-binding protein (1)
- Vitamins (1)
- Weight loss (1)
- Weighted running (1)
- Westdeutschland (1)
- Widerstandstraining (1)
- Work ability (1)
- Workability (1)
- Young swimmers (1)
- Zebris (1)
- ability profiles (1)
- accelerometry (1)
- achilles tendinopathy (1)
- acid ceramidase (1)
- activation (1)
- actor-partner interdependence model (1)
- acute coronary (1)
- acute effects (1)
- acute exercise (1)
- acute physiological demand (1)
- acute stress (1)
- adaptations (1)
- adaptive holding capacity (1)
- addiction (1)
- adipogenic progenitor cells (1)
- adipose tissue (1)
- adolescent athletes (1)
- aerobic exercise (1)
- aerobic metabolism (1)
- affect misattribution procedure (1)
- affective (1)
- affective intervention (1)
- age (1)
- aggrecanases (1)
- agility (1)
- agoraphobia (1)
- alcohol addiction (1)
- alcohol dependence (1)
- alexithymia (1)
- algorithm performance (1)
- algorithmic decision systems (1)
- allometric (1)
- allostatic load (1)
- allostatic load index (1)
- alternative rewards (1)
- amplitude (1)
- amygdala (1)
- animal and computational models (1)
- animal-assisted therapy (1)
- ankle joint rotation (1)
- anthropometric measures (1)
- antibacterial activity (1)
- antihypertensives (1)
- app (1)
- applied physiology (1)
- applied sport psychology (1)
- aquaporin (1)
- arachidonic acid (1)
- associations (1)
- associative (1)
- atherosclerosis (1)
- athlete (1)
- athlete testing (1)
- athletic (1)
- attention (1)
- australian football (1)
- automaticity (1)
- autonomy support (1)
- aversion (1)
- back-pain screening (1)
- backstroke swimming (1)
- ballistic training (1)
- barbell velocity (1)
- basic psychological need frustration (1)
- basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration (1)
- beliefs (1)
- benchmark (1)
- besondere berufliche Problemlagen (1)
- beverages (1)
- bias (1)
- biased decisions (1)
- bibliometric analysis (1)
- biofilm (1)
- bioinformatics (1)
- biomarkers (1)
- biomechanical parameter (1)
- blood flow (1)
- blood pressure (1)
- body composition (1)
- body fat (1)
- body-mass index (1)
- bone remodeling (1)
- brain networks (1)
- breast tissue (1)
- calcium (1)
- cancer (1)
- capillary recruitment (1)
- capture (1)
- carbohydrate sources (1)
- cardiac rehabilitation delivery (1)
- cardiorespiratory fitness (1)
- cardiovascular complications (1)
- cardiovascular disease (1)
- carotid intima-media thickness (1)
- case report (1)
- causal mediation analysis (1)
- central administration (1)
- ceramide (1)
- change of direction speed (1)
- childhood (1)
- childhood obesity (1)
- chronic back pain (1)
- chronic effects (1)
- chronic kidney disease (1)
- chronic low back pain (1)
- circumplex model (1)
- clear cell renal cell carcinoma (1)
- clinical pathways (1)
- clopidogrel (1)
- cognition (1)
- cognitive function (1)
- cognitive impairment (1)
- cognitive model (1)
- cognitive process (1)
- cognitive process model (1)
- cognitive skills (1)
- cognitive-behavioral control (1)
- coherence effects (1)
- collagen (1)
- communication (1)
- community child health (1)
- comorbidity (1)
- comparison (1)
- competence (1)
- competencies (1)
- competitive sports (1)
- competitive state anxiety (1)
- competitive trait anxiety (1)
- compliance (1)
- computational model (1)
- concentric (1)
- consecutive tests (1)
- coordination (1)
- core exercise (1)
- core stability (1)
- coronary bypass grafting (1)
- coronary heart disease (1)
- cost and cost analysis (1)
- cost-benefit analysis (1)
- craving and relapse (1)
- critical temperature (1)
- cross-education (1)
- cross-national (1)
- cross-sectoral care (1)
- cycling performance (1)
- data pipeline (1)
- decision processes (1)
- deconditioning (1)
- definitions (1)
- delayed onset muscle soreness (1)
- delirium prevention (1)
- detraining (1)
- diabetic (1)
- diagnosis (1)
- diagnostics (1)
- dietary intake (1)
- dietary records (1)
- differences (1)
- differentially expressed genes (1)
- digital health (1)
- digital health information (1)
- digitale Gesundheit (1)
- digitalization in (1)
- direct feedback (1)
- directed acyclic graphs (1)
- disability (1)
- disease (1)
- disorders (1)
- dog-assisted therapy (1)
- dominant limb (1)
- dopamine (1)
- doppler ultrasound (1)
- dose response (1)
- dropout (1)
- drug (1)
- drug and alcohol abuse (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- drug monitoring (1)
- drug-eluting balloon (1)
- drug-eluting stent (1)
- dual career (1)
- dual mode model (1)
- dual processing (1)
- dual-process (1)
- dual-process models (1)
- dynamic (1)
- dysfunction (1)
- early life stress (1)
- eccentric (1)
- eccentric muscle action (1)
- echo intensity (1)
- echocardiography (1)
- education (1)
- educational choices (1)
- effects (1)
- elasticity imaging (1)
- elderly (1)
- elderly people (1)
- electrical muscle stimulation (1)
- electroencephalography (1)
- electroencephalography (EEG) (1)
- electron density (1)
- electrospraying (1)
- elite (1)
- elite sport (1)
- elite sports (1)
- emotional imagery (1)
- emotional status (1)
- emotions (1)
- endothelial growth factor inhibitor therapy (1)
- endothelin receptors (1)
- endurance (1)
- endurance athletes (1)
- endurance performance (1)
- energy intake (1)
- environmental factors (1)
- epidemiology (mental health) (1)
- evaluative priming (1)
- exercise adherence (1)
- exercise capacity (1)
- exercise induced muscle damage (1)
- exercise intervention (1)
- exercise movement techniques (1)
- exercise prescription (1)
- exercise test (1)
- exercise therapy (1)
- exercise training (1)
- exercise-cognition (1)
- exhaustion (1)
- expert survey (1)
- explosive force production (1)
- extensive work-related problems (1)
- external perturbations (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- eye-tracking (1)
- fNIRS (1)
- fat-free mass (1)
- fatty acid metabolism (1)
- federal states (1)
- feedback (1)
- field test (1)
- fitness (1)
- flat feet (1)
- flat foot (1)
- flexibility (1)
- footwear (1)
- force profiles (1)
- forces (1)
- free moment (1)
- freedom (1)
- functional ankle instability (1)
- functional capacity (1)
- functional magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- functional near-infrared spectroscopy (1)
- fundamental movement skills (1)
- gait analysis algorithm (1)
- gait speed (1)
- gastrocnemius muscle (1)
- gender (1)
- gender differences (1)
- genetics (1)
- geosynchronous satellites (1)
- geriatrics (1)
- girls (1)
- glutamate (1)
- glutamine (1)
- goal-directed (1)
- ground reaction force (1)
- guideline (1)
- habit (1)
- habit formation (1)
- hair cortisol (1)
- hamburger model (1)
- handheld device (1)
- health inequality (1)
- health policy (1)
- health status (1)
- hearing loss (1)
- heart failure (1)
- hemoglobin amount (1)
- heterotopic ossifications (1)
- high risk drinkers (1)
- high self-motivation (1)
- high-density surface EMG: synergistic muscles (1)
- high-intensity interval training (1)
- holding (1)
- holding (HIMA) and pushing (PIMA) isometric muscle action (1)
- holding capability (1)
- holding isometric muscle action (HIMA) (1)
- hospital mortality (1)
- housing (1)
- human physical conditioning (1)
- hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors;online survey (1)
- hyper-osmolarity (1)
- hyperechogenicities (1)
- hyperemia (1)
- hypo-osmolarity (1)
- hypocortisolemic symptom triad (1)
- hypoechogenicities (1)
- hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis (1)
- hypoxic conditioning (1)
- identification (1)
- ill-being (1)
- immune system (1)
- implant-related complications (1)
- implicit (1)
- implicit attitude (1)
- in situ hybridization (1)
- incidence (1)
- inclusion (1)
- income (1)
- individual anaerobic threshold (1)
- individualized pulsed electromagnetic field (1)
- inertial measurement unit (1)
- inflammatory (1)
- information seeking (1)
- informed decision-making (1)
- injectable biomaterial (1)
- injury mechanisms (1)
- injury risk (1)
- inpatient cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- instability (1)
- insufficiency (1)
- insula (1)
- inter-brain synchronization (1)
- inter-muscle-brain synchronization (1)
- inter-rater variability (1)
- interest profiles (1)
- interindividual differences (1)
- interleukin-6 (1)
- intermittent sport (1)
- international normalized ratio (1)
- international studies (1)
- internleukin-10 (1)
- interoception (1)
- interoceptive awareness (1)
- interpersonal muscle action (1)
- intervertebral disc degeneration (1)
- intra- and inter-rater variability (1)
- invalidation (1)
- ion density (1)
- isokinetic testing (1)
- isokinetics (1)
- isometric muscle action (HIMA) (1)
- isometric-eccentric force (1)
- job position (1)
- jump (1)
- jump performances (1)
- jumping ability (1)
- juvenile obesity (1)
- kidney function (1)
- kindergarten (1)
- knee flexion angle (1)
- knee joint angle (1)
- knee valgus angle (1)
- knee valgus motion (1)
- koronare Herzkrankheit (1)
- korperliche Leistungsfahigkeit (1)
- körperliche Aktivität (1)
- lactate (1)
- language (1)
- late childhood (1)
- laterality (1)
- leaning (1)
- leg (1)
- legal judgment (1)
- lengthening contractions (1)
- life story book (1)
- lifestyle (1)
- limb dimensions (1)
- load (1)
- load-velocity (1)
- locomotion (1)
- log-linear regression (1)
- long COVID fatigue (1)
- long-distance race car driving (1)
- long-term use (1)
- longitudinal analysis (1)
- lower limb mechanics (1)
- lumbopelvic (1)
- lysosomal storage disorders (1)
- mHealth (1)
- magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1)
- major depressive disorder (1)
- manual muscle test (1)
- manual muscle testing (1)
- maximal isometric contraction (1)
- maximal voluntary contraction (1)
- maximum voluntary contraction (1)
- meal schedule (1)
- mean load (1)
- means of measurement (1)
- mechanical tendinous oscillations (1)
- mechanisms (1)
- mechanomyography (MMG) (1)
- mechanosensing (1)
- mechanotendography (1)
- medial prefrontal cortex (1)
- medication adherence (1)
- mental imagery (1)
- meta-synthesis (1)
- metabolic device (1)
- microRNA (1)
- microparticles (1)
- middle-aged adults (1)
- mild cognitive impairment (1)
- mindfulness (1)
- ministers and civil servants (1)
- mirror illusion (1)
- mirror therapy (1)
- mobile Assistenzsysteme (1)
- mobile app; (1)
- mobility disability (1)
- models (1)
- mood (1)
- mood disorder (1)
- mortality (1)
- motion analysis (1)
- motor control (1)
- motor proficiency (1)
- motor skills (1)
- motor unit (1)
- motor unit action potential (1)
- motor units (1)
- motor-performance (1)
- mouse (1)
- movement patterns (1)
- multicollinearity (1)
- multidisciplinary intervention (1)
- multiresistant bacteria (1)
- multiresistente Erreger (1)
- muscle action (1)
- muscle activity (1)
- muscle architecture (1)
- muscle fatigue (1)
- muscle function (1)
- muscle oxygen saturation (1)
- muscle power (1)
- muscle quality (1)
- muscle synergy (1)
- muscle-to-fat ratio (1)
- muscular holding capacity (1)
- muscular power (1)
- muscular strength (1)
- musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (1)
- music (1)
- music therapy (1)
- myofascial (1)
- n-3 PUFA (1)
- need satisfaction (1)
- need support (1)
- neural-control (1)
- neuroimaging (1)
- neuromuscular (1)
- neuromuscular adaptation (1)
- neuromuscular diagnostics (1)
- neuromuscular functionality (1)
- neuromuscular rolling (1)
- nociception (1)
- non-dominant limb (1)
- nonresponder (1)
- northeast of Germany (1)
- nucleus pulposus (1)
- nutrition (1)
- oarsmen (1)
- obesity (1)
- observation (1)
- of-direction speed (1)
- older adults (1)
- older people (1)
- on-water performance (1)
- optical imaging (1)
- optimal load (1)
- oral anticoagulation (1)
- order (1)
- organ damage (1)
- orientation to stakeholders (1)
- orthopaedic (1)
- orthopädische Rehabilitation (1)
- oscillations (1)
- osmolarity (1)
- osmosensing (1)
- osmotic (1)
- osteoarthritis (1)
- osteoblast (1)
- osteoclast (1)
- outcome quality (1)
- outcomes (1)
- overhead athlete (1)
- overweight children (1)
- oxygen consumption (1)
- p53 (1)
- paediatric athlete (1)
- panic (1)
- partial coherence (1)
- patient education (1)
- patient-friendly operation system (1)
- patients (1)
- patients' experiences (1)
- peak height velocity (1)
- peak torque (1)
- peak workload duration (1)
- performance diagnostics (1)
- performance measures (1)
- periostin (1)
- phase angle (1)
- phenprocoumon (1)
- physical activity program (1)
- physical activity questionnaires (1)
- physical activity; (1)
- physical exercise (1)
- physical inactivity (1)
- physiological reactivity (1)
- physiological strain (1)
- piezo-based measurement system (1)
- pilot study (1)
- pipe (1)
- plantar pressure distribution (1)
- plasma probes (1)
- pleasant and unpleasant imagery (1)
- plyometrics (1)
- pneumatic force measuring system (1)
- point-of-care (1)
- political advisers (1)
- political responsiveness (1)
- politicization (1)
- polygenic risk (1)
- polyunsaturated fatty acids (1)
- post COVID syndrome (1)
- post-COVID syndrome (1)
- postoperative cognitive dysfunction (1)
- posttraumatic stress disorder (1)
- postural sway (1)
- power (1)
- power training (1)
- pre-activity (1)
- pre-participation screening (1)
- preactivation (1)
- prediction error (1)
- preferences (1)
- prepubescent children (1)
- prescription patterns (1)
- pressure (1)
- primacy and recency effects (1)
- primary care (1)
- principles (1)
- principles of therapy (1)
- pro-inflammatory cytokines (1)
- probability (1)
- professional (1)
- profiling (1)
- progression (1)
- proprioception (1)
- protection (1)
- psycho-oncology (1)
- psychological skills training (1)
- psychometric properties (1)
- psychotherapy guideline (1)
- psychotherapy guidelines (1)
- psychotherapy methods (1)
- psychotherapy research (1)
- public administration (1)
- public dataset (1)
- public health (1)
- publication bias (1)
- pulling isometric muscle action (PIMA) (1)
- pushing isometric muscle action (PIMA) (1)
- quadriceps (1)
- qualitative research (1)
- quality management (1)
- questionnaire (1)
- radex model (1)
- randomized controlled-trial (1)
- range of motion (1)
- rate of force development (1)
- ratios (1)
- reading (1)
- real options (1)
- real-time tissue elastography (1)
- recovery (1)
- reflective processes (1)
- region/point elastic gym floor (1)
- reinforcement learning (1)
- reintegration (1)
- reminiscence (1)
- repeatability (1)
- repeated adaptive isometric–eccentric muscle action (1)
- repeated bout effect (1)
- research framework (1)
- responder (1)
- resting state (1)
- risk assessment (1)
- risk communication (1)
- risk factors (1)
- risk literacy (1)
- risk perception (1)
- risk screening (1)
- rotator cuff (1)
- rugby league players (1)
- runners (1)
- running gait (1)
- running velocity (1)
- rural-urban factors (1)
- sACC (1)
- sarcopenia (1)
- sarcopenic obesity (1)
- scapular muscle activity (1)
- school baseball players (1)
- school performance (1)
- screening (1)
- secondary data analysis (1)
- self massage (1)
- self-diagnosis (1)
- self-massage therapy (1)
- self-myofascial release (1)
- self-report questionnaire (1)
- self-triage (1)
- sensorimotor control (1)
- sensorimotor cortex (1)
- shoe (1)
- short latency response (1)
- shoulder strength (1)
- sickness absence (1)
- simplicity (1)
- situated processes (1)
- ski jumping (1)
- skinfold thickness (1)
- sleep apnoea (1)
- sleep-disordered breathing (1)
- social pain (1)
- social rejection (1)
- social support (1)
- socioeconomic status (1)
- somatic comorbidity (1)
- sonoelastography (1)
- soziale Unterstützung (1)
- space plasmas (1)
- spacecraft charging (1)
- spacecraft potential (1)
- specific strength training (1)
- spezifisches Krafttraining (1)
- sport and race (1)
- sport-specific performance (1)
- sports statistics (1)
- sportsmen (1)
- sprint (1)
- sprint interval training (1)
- stability (1)
- statutory health insurance (1)
- strength performance (1)
- strength vs. endurance athletes (1)
- stress (1)
- stress types (1)
- stress-resistance (1)
- striking combat sports (1)
- stroke rehabilitation (1)
- structured (1)
- study design (1)
- subclinical (1)
- subcutaneous adipose tissue (1)
- subliminal priming (1)
- sudden cardiac death (1)
- supervising therapist (1)
- surgical aortic valve replacement (sAVR) (1)
- surveillance (1)
- sustainability (1)
- swim speed (1)
- symptom checker (1)
- symptom checker apps (1)
- synchronization (1)
- syndrome (1)
- talent (1)
- task failure (1)
- teaching (1)
- team training (1)
- technology (1)
- tele-rehabilitation (1)
- temporal and spatial independence (flexibility) (1)
- tendinosis (1)
- tendon diameter (1)
- tendon stiffness (1)
- tendons (1)
- test-retest reliability (1)
- therapeutic (1)
- therapeutic alliance (1)
- therapy (1)
- tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (1)
- torque (1)
- total disc arthroplasty (1)
- total disc replacement (1)
- track and field (1)
- training adaptation (1)
- training and decision support system (1)
- training optimization (1)
- training specificity (1)
- training volume (1)
- transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) (1)
- transient receptor potential channel (1)
- translation-reliability (1)
- treadmill (1)
- treatment (1)
- trial (1)
- triglycerides (1)
- trunk and hip coordination (1)
- trunk muscles (1)
- trunk stability (1)
- tumor necrosis factor-α (1)
- types of sports (1)
- uncertainty (1)
- underreporting (1)
- unstable resistance training (1)
- unstable walkway (1)
- upper limb (1)
- upper secondary school (1)
- urban-rural (1)
- usability (1)
- use (1)
- user experience (1)
- validity and reliability (1)
- vascular (1)
- vascularization (1)
- vertical jump height (1)
- vestibular (1)
- virtual reality (1)
- visual displays (1)
- visual illusion (1)
- visual impairment (1)
- vitamin K antagonist therapy (1)
- walking capacity (1)
- water (1)
- water sports (1)
- wavelet coherence (1)
- weight training (1)
- whole-body vibratoin (1)
- women (1)
- work (1)
- young adults (1)
- young soccer players (1)
- youth athletes (1)
- youth competitive sport (1)
- youth sports (1)
- youth sports [MeSH] (1)
Institute
- Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften (1002) (remove)
Satisfaction and frustration of the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, as assessed with the 24-item Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS), have been found to be crucial indicators of individuals’ psychological health. To increase the usability of this scale within a clinical and health services research context, we aimed to validate a German short version (12 items) of this scale in individuals with depression including the examination of the relations from need frustration and need satisfaction to ill-being and quality of life (QOL). This cross-sectional study involved 344 adults diagnosed with depression (Mage (SD) = 47.5 years (11.1); 71.8% females). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the short version of the BPNSFS was not only reliable, but also fitted a six-factor structure (i.e., satisfaction/frustration X type of need). Subsequent structural equation modeling showed that need frustration related positively to indicators of ill-being and negatively to QOL. Surprisingly, need satisfaction did not predict differences in ill-being or QOL. The short form of the BPNSFS represents a practical instrument to measure need satisfaction and frustration in people with depression. Further, the results support recent evidence on the importance of especially need frustration in the prediction of psychopathology.
Exercise or not?
(2023)
Objective: Individuals’ decisions to engage in exercise are often the result of in-the-moment choices between exercise and a competing behavioral alternative. The purpose of this study was to investigate processes that occur in-the-moment (i.e., situated processes) when individuals are faced with the choice between exercise and a behavioral alternative during a computerized task. These were analyzed against the background of interindividual differences in individuals’ automatic valuation and controlled evaluation of exercise.
Method: In a behavioral alternatives task 101 participants were asked whether they would rather choose an exercise option or a behavioral alternative in 25 trials. Participants’ gaze behavior (first gaze and fixations) was recorded using eye-tracking. An exercise-specific affect misattribution procedure (AMP) was used to assess participants’ automatic valuation of exercise before the task. After the task, self-reported feelings towards exercise (controlled evaluation) and usual weekly exercise volume were assessed. Mixed effects models with random effects for subjects and trials were used for data analysis.
Results: Choosing exercise was positively correlated with individuals’ automatic valuation (r = 0.20, p = 0.05), controlled evaluation (r = 0.58, p < 0.001), and their weekly exercise volume (r = 0.43, p < 0.001). Participants showed no bias in their initial gaze or number of fixations towards the exercise or the non-exercise alternative. However, participants were 1.30 times more likely to fixate on the chosen alternative first and more frequently, but this gaze behavior was not related to individuals’ automatic valuation, controlled evaluation, or weekly exercise volume.
Conclusion: The results suggest that situated processes arising from defined behavioral alternatives may be independent of individuals’ general preferences. Despite one’s best general intention to exercise more, the choice of a non-exercise alternative behavior may seem more appealing in-the-moment and eventually be chosen. New psychological theories of health behavior change should therefore better consider the role of potentially conflicting alternatives when it comes to initiating physical activity or exercise.
The Adaptive Force (AF) reflects the neuromuscular capacity to adapt to external loads during holding muscle actions and is similar to motions in real life and sports. The maximal isometric AF (AFisoₘₐₓ) was considered to be the most relevant parameter and was assumed to have major importance regarding injury mechanisms and the development of musculoskeletal pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of different torque parameters over the course of 30 repeated maximal AF trials. In addition, maximal holding vs. maximal pushing isometric muscle actions were compared. A side consideration was the behavior of torques in the course of repeated AF actions when comparing strength and endurance athletes. The elbow flexors of n = 12 males (six strength/six endurance athletes, non-professionals) were measured 30 times (120 s rest) using a pneumatic device. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) was measured pre and post. MVIC, AFisoₘₐₓ, and AFₘₐₓ (maximal torque of one AF measurement) were evaluated regarding different considerations and statistical tests. AFₘₐₓ and AFisoₘₐₓ declined in the course of 30 trials [slope regression (mean ± standard deviation): AFₘₐₓ = −0.323 ± 0.263; AFisoₘₐₓ = −0.45 ± 0.45]. The decline from start to end amounted to −12.8% ± 8.3% (p < 0.001) for AFₘₐₓ and −25.41% ± 26.40% (p < 0.001) for AFisoₘₐₓ. AF parameters declined more in strength vs. endurance athletes. Thereby, strength athletes showed a rather stable decline for AFmax and a plateau formation for AFisoₘₐₓ after 15 trials. In contrast, endurance athletes reduced their AFₘₐₓ, especially after the first five trials, and remained on a rather similar level for AFisomax. The maximum of AFisoₘₐₓ of all 30 trials amounted 67.67% ± 13.60% of MVIC (p < 0.001, n = 12), supporting the hypothesis of two types of isometric muscle action (holding vs. pushing). The findings provided the first data on the behavior of torque parameters after repeated isometric–eccentric actions and revealed further insights into neuromuscular control strategies. Additionally, they highlight the importance of investigating AF parameters in athletes based on the different behaviors compared to MVIC. This is assumed to be especially relevant regarding injury mechanisms.
Long COVID patients show symptoms, such as fatigue, muscle weakness and pain. Adequate diagnostics are still lacking. Investigating muscle function might be a beneficial approach. The holding capacity (maximal isometric Adaptive Force; AFisomax) was previously suggested to be especially sensitive for impairments. This longitudinal, non-clinical study aimed to investigate the AF in long COVID patients and their recovery process. AF parameters of elbow and hip flexors were assessed in 17 patients at three time points (pre: long COVID state, post: immediately after first treatment, end: recovery) by an objectified manual muscle test. The tester applied an increasing force on the limb of the patient, who had to resist isometrically for as long as possible. The intensity of 13 common symptoms were queried. At pre, patients started to lengthen their muscles at ~50% of the maximal AF (AFmax), which was then reached during eccentric motion, indicating unstable adaptation. At post and end, AFisomax increased significantly to ~99% and 100% of AFmax, respectively, reflecting stable adaptation. AFmax was statistically similar for all three time points. Symptom intensity decreased significantly from pre to end. The findings revealed a substantially impaired maximal holding capacity in long COVID patients, which returned to normal function with substantial health improvement. AFisomax might be a suitable sensitive functional parameter to assess long COVID patients and to support therapy process
Case report
(2023)
The increasing prevalence of Long COVID is an imminent public health disaster, and established approaches have not provided adequate diagnostics or treatments. Recently, anesthetic blockade of the stellate ganglion was reported to improve Long COVID symptoms in a small case series, purportedly by "rebooting" the autonomic nervous system. Here, we present a novel diagnostic approach based on the Adaptive Force (AF), and report sustained positive outcome for one severely affected Long COVID patient using individualized pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) at the area C7/T1. AF reflects the capacity of the neuromuscular system to adapt adequately to external forces in an isometric holding manner. In case, maximal isometric AF (AFiso(max)) is exceeded, the muscle merges into eccentric muscle action. Thereby, the force usually increases further until maximal AF (AFmax) is reached. In case adaptation is optimal, AFiso(max) is similar to 99-100% of AFmax. This holding capacity (AFiso(max)) was found to be vulnerable to disruption by unpleasant stimulus and, hence, was regarded as functional parameter. AF was assessed by an objectified manual muscle test using a handheld device. Prior to treatment, AFiso(max) was considerably lower than AFmax for hip flexors (62 N = similar to 28% AFmax) and elbow flexors (71 N = similar to 44% AFmax); i.e., maximal holding capacity was significantly reduced, indicating dysfunctional motor control. We tested PEMF at C7/T1, identified a frequency that improved neuromuscular function, and applied it for similar to 15 min. Immediately post-treatment, AFiso(max) increased to similar to 210 N (similar to 100% AFmax) at hip and 184 N (similar to 100% AFmax) at elbow. Subjective Long COVID symptoms resolved the following day. At 4 weeks post-treatment, maximal holding capacity was still on a similarly high level as for immediately post-treatment (similar to 100% AFmax) and patient was symptom-free. At 6 months the patient's Long COVID symptoms have not returned. This case report suggests (1) AF could be a promising diagnostic for post-infectious illness, (2) AF can be used to test effective treatments for post-infectious illness, and (3) individualized PEMF may resolve post-infectious symptoms.
Ziel der Studie: Die langfristige Nutzung telemedizinischer Angebote hängt nicht nur von deren Wirksamkeit, sondern auch von der Akzeptanz und Zufriedenheit der Patienten ab. Für eine telemedizinische Bewegungstherapie für Patienten nach Implantation einer Knie- oder Hüft-Totalendoprothese und erfolgter Anschlussrehabilitation wurde die Wirksamkeit bereits in einer randomisiert kontrollierten Studie untersucht. Dieser Beitrag fokussiert die Akzeptanz und das Nutzungsverhalten der Patienten hinsichtlich des eingesetzten telerehabilitativen Systems.
Methodik: Zur Erfassung der Technikakzeptanz wurden 48 Patienten (53±7 Jahre; 26 Frauen; 35 Hüft-/13 Knie-TEP) im Anschluss an eine dreimonatige telemedizinische Bewegungstherapie mittels des Telehealth Usability Questionnaire befragt. Der Fragebogen besteht aus 21 Items (siebenstufige Likert-Skala) in sechs Skalen (z. B. Nützlichkeit, Qualität der Interaktionen, Verlässlichkeit). In einer zusätzlichen Skala wurden systemspezifische Fragen zusammengefasst. Die Ergebnisse wurden als Skalenprozent (100 ≙ vollkommene Zustimmung) dargestellt. Das Nutzungsverhalten wurde anhand systemgenerierter Prozessdaten zum Training sowie zu integrierten Sprach-/Textnachrichten untersucht.
Ergebnisse: Die TUQ-Skalen „Nützlichkeit“ (Mdn 95,2) sowie „Benutzerfreundlichkeit und Erlernbarkeit“ (Mdn 92,9) wurden am höchsten bewertet, während die „Verlässlichkeit“ (Mdn 57,1) und „Qualität der Interaktionen“ (Mdn 71,4) die geringsten Ausprägungen zeigten. Die systemspezifische Skala wurde im oberen Quartil eingeordnet (Mdn 85,7).
In der ersten Woche führten 39 Patienten (81%), in der zweiten 45 Patienten (94%) mindestens eine Trainingsübung mit dem System durch. Der Anteil aktiver Patienten (≥1 Übung/Woche) reduzierte sich im weiteren Verlauf auf 75% (n=36) in der 7. Woche und 48% (n=23) in der 12. Woche. Die systemeigenen Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten wurden nach Therapiestart zunächst häufig genutzt: in der ersten Woche sendeten 42 Patienten (88%) Nachrichten, 47 Patienten (98%) erhielten Nachrichten von ihrem Therapeuten. In der 7. Woche sendeten/erhielten 9 (19%) bzw. 13 (27%) Patienten Nachrichten über das System.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Patienten nahmen die telemedizinische Bewegungstherapie überwiegend als nützlich und benutzerfreundlich wahr und schienen im Wesentlichen mit dem System zufrieden, das sich damit für den kurzfristigen Einsatz von 6 bis 8 Wochen im Anschluss an eine Anschlussrehabilitation als gut geeignet zeigte.
Intervention in the form of core-specific stability exercises is evident to improve trunk stability. The purpose was to assess the effect of an additional 6 weeks sensorimotor or resistance training on maximum isokinetic trunk strength and response to sudden dynamic trunk loading (STL) in highly trained adolescent athletes. The study was conducted as a single-blind, 3-armed randomized controlled trial. Twenty-four adolescent athletes (14f/10 m, 16 +/- 1 yrs.;178 +/- 10 cm; 67 +/- 11 kg; training sessions/week 15 +/- 5; training h/week 22 +/- 8) were randomized into resistance training (RT; n = 7), sensorimotor training (SMT; n = 10), and control group (CG; n = 7). Athletes were instructed to perform standardized, center-based training for 6 weeks, two times per week, with a duration of 1 h each session. SMT consisted of four different core-specific sensorimotor exercises using instable surfaces. RT consisted of four trunk strength exercises using strength training machines, as well as an isokinetic dynamometer. All participants in the CG received an unspecific heart frequency controlled, ergometer-based endurance training (50 min at max. heart frequency of 130HF). For each athlete, each training session was documented in an individual training diary (e.g., level of SMT exercise; 1RM for strength exercise, pain). At baseline (M1) and after 6 weeks of intervention (M2), participants' maximum strength in trunk rotation (ROM:63 degrees) and flexion/extension (ROM:55 degrees) was tested on an isokinetic dynamometer (concentric/eccentric 30 degrees/s). STL was assessed in eccentric (30 degrees/s) mode with additional dynamometer-induced perturbation as a marker of core stability. Peak torque [Nm] was calculated as the main outcome. The primary outcome measurements (trunk rotation/extension peak torque: con, ecc, STL) were statistically analyzed by means of the two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance (alpha = 0.05). Out of 12 possible sessions, athletes participated between 8 and 9 sessions (SMT: 9 +/- 3; RT: 8 +/- 3; CG: 8 +/- 4). Regarding main outcomes of trunk performance, experimental groups showed no significant pre-post difference for maximum trunk strength testing as well as for perturbation compensation (p > 0.05). It is concluded, that future interventions should exceed 6 weeks duration with at least 2 sessions per week to induce enhanced trunk strength or compensatory response to sudden, high-intensity trunk loading in already highly trained adolescent athletes, regardless of training regime.
Background and Objectives: Low back pain is a worldwide health problem. An early diagnosis is required to develop personalized treatment strategies. The Risk Stratification Index (RSI) was developed to serve the purpose. The aim of this pilot study is to cross-culturally translate the RSI to a French version (RSI-F) and evaluate the test-retest reliability of RSI-F using a French active population. Materials and Methods: The RSI was translated from German to French (RSI-F) based on the guidelines of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. A total of 42 French recreational athletes (age 18–63 years) with non-specific low back pain were recruited and filled in the RSI-F twice. The test-retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC1,2) and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Finally, 33 questionnaires were analyzed (14 males and 19 females, age 31 ± 10 years, 9.5 ± 3.2 h/week of training). The test-retest of RSI-F CPI and DISS were excellent (CPI: ICC1,2 = 0.989, p < 0.001; r = 0.989, p < 0.001; DISS: ICC1,2 = 0.991, p < 0.001; r = 0.991, p < 0.001), as well as Korff pain intensity (ICC1,2 = 0.995, p < 0.001; r = 0.995, p < 0.001) and disability (ICC1,2 = 0.998, p < 0.001; r = 0.998, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The RSI-F is linguistically accurate and reliable for use by a French-speaking active population with non-specific low back pain. The RSI-F is considered a tool to examine the evolution of psychosocial factors and therefore the risk of chronicity and the prognostic of pain. Further evaluations, such as internal, external validity, and responsiveness should be evaluated in a larger population.
Muscle quality defined as the ratio of muscle strength to muscle mass disregards underlying factors which influence muscle strength. The aim of this review was to investigate the relationship of phase angle (PhA), echo intensity (EI), muscular adipose tissue (MAT), muscle fiber type, fascicle pennation angle (θf), fascicle length (lf), muscle oxidative capacity, insulin sensitivity (IS), neuromuscular activation, and motor unit to muscle strength. PubMed search was performed in 2021. The inclusion criteria were: (i) original research, (ii) human participants, (iii) adults (≥18 years). Exclusion criteria were: (i) no full-text, (ii) non-English or -German language, (iii) pathologies. Forty-one studies were identified. Nine studies found a weak–moderate negative (range r: [−0.26]–[−0.656], p < 0.05) correlation between muscle strength and EI. Four studies found a weak–moderate positive correlation (range r: 0.177–0.696, p < 0.05) between muscle strength and PhA. Two studies found a moderate-strong negative correlation (range r: [−0.446]–[−0.87], p < 0.05) between muscle strength and MAT. Two studies found a weak-strong positive correlation (range r: 0.28–0.907, p < 0.05) between θf and muscle strength. Muscle oxidative capacity was found to be a predictor of muscle strength. This review highlights that the current definition of muscle quality should be expanded upon as to encompass all possible factors of muscle quality.
In recent years digital technologies have become a major means for providing health-related services and this trend was strongly reinforced by the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As it is well-known that regular physical activity has positive effects on individual physical and mental health and thus is an important prerequisite for healthy aging, digital technologies are also increasingly used to promote unstructured and structured forms of physical activity. However, in the course of this development, several terms (e.g., Digital Health, Electronic Health, Mobile Health, Telehealth, Telemedicine, and Telerehabilitation) have been introduced to refer to the application of digital technologies to provide health-related services such as physical interventions. Unfortunately, the above-mentioned terms are often used in several different ways, but also relatively interchangeably. Given that ambiguous terminology is a major source of difficulty in scientific communication which can impede the progress of theoretical and empirical research, this article aims to make the reader aware of the subtle differences between the relevant terms which are applied at the intersection of physical activity and Digital Health and to provide state-of-art definitions for them.
Hintergrund
Steigende Adipositasprävalenzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter sind geprägt von ungesunden Lebensweisen wie geringer Bewegung durch hohen Medienkonsum. Neueste Studien nutzen die Erreichbarkeit dieser Zielgruppe durch digitale Medien, womit Technologien neue Ansätze in der Interventionsgestaltung der Gewichtsreduktion darstellen. Allerdings stellt sich die Frage, welche digitalen Kombinationen und methodischen Programmkonzepte effektive Body-Mass-Index(BMI)-Veränderungen bedingen.
Ziel
Um Erkenntnisse über effektive Maßnahmengestaltung und Medieneinsatz zu gewinnen, sollen digitale Interventionsstrategien zur BMI-Reduktion übergewichtiger Kinder und Jugendlicher analysiert und bewertet werden.
Methoden
Ein systematischer Review wurde in den Datenbanken Medline via PubMed, Science Direct und Web of Science zur Analyse von Studien aus den Jahren 2016 bis 2021 über Veränderungen im BMI und BMI-Z-Score von übergewichtigen und adipösen 6‑ bis 18-Jährigen durchgeführt. Die methodische Studienqualität wurde nach den Richtlinien des Cochrane Risk of Bias bewertet.
Ergebnisse
Aus 3974 Studien wurden 7 Artikel identifiziert, die den Einsatz von Fitnessarmbändern, Smartphones und computerbasierten Programmen beschreiben. Alle Medien erzielten BMI-Reduktionen, wobei Smartphoneinterventionen via Anrufe und Nachrichten die signifikantesten Veränderungen bewirkten.
Diskussion
Smartphones bieten als Anbieter digitaler Programme (z. B. Apps) effektive Ansatzpunkte zur Adipositasreduktion. Auf Basis der Datenlage bestätigt sich neben der Auswahl und der Kombination mehrerer Medien die Relevanz des Familieneinbezugs und die methodische Fundierung der Maßnahmen. Aufgrund des jungen Alters der Teilnehmenden müssen mediale Interventionen zielgruppengerecht zugänglich gemacht werden.
Einleitung
Mehr als ein Drittel der PatientInnen im berufsfähigen Alter in der kardiologischen Anschlussrehabilitation (AR) sind von besonderen beruflichen Problemlagen (BBPL) betroffen. Die BBPL sind durch eine negative subjektive Erwerbsprognose (SE) determiniert, die wiederum auf eine deutlich reduzierte Wahrscheinlichkeit der beruflichen Wiedereingliederung hindeutet. Diese Studie hatte die Exploration von persönlich bestimmenden Faktoren der SE zum Ziel, um Impulse für die patientInnenzentrierte Betreuung in der AR ableiten zu können.
Methoden
Die monozentrische explorative qualitative Studie basierte auf leitfadengestützten Einzelinterviews mit PatientInnen der kardiologischen AR. Hierfür wurden 20 PatientInnen mit BBPL (Hauptstichprobe) und 5 ohne BBPL (Kontraststichprobe) in QIV/2021 eingeschlossen. Die Stichprobenauswahl erfolgte nach dem Prinzip des theoretischen Samplings mit sich überschneidender Rekrutierungs- und Auswertungsphase. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels thematischer Analyse, wobei die Interviews sinngemäß auf Aussagen (Codes) reduziert und anschließend in Schlüsselthemen zusammengefasst wurden.
Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden sieben Schlüsselthemen generiert. Die ersten beiden umfassen (1) umwelt- und (2) personenbezogene Aspekte (z. B. (1): Personalsituation, Auswirkungen der Pandemie; (2) Selbstwahrnehmung, Arbeitsplatzeinflüsse). Die weiteren Themen schließen (4) krankheitsbezogene Vorerfahrungen (z. B. Erfahrungen mit Gesundheitssystem, familiäre Prädisposition) und (5) Zukunftsvorstellungen (z. B. Prioritätenänderung, Rauchentwöhnung) ein. Darüber hinaus wurden drei spezifische Themen identifiziert: (5) die Gesundheitswahrnehmung einschließlich der empfundenen Belastbarkeit, (6) die Veränderbarkeit der Arbeitsbedingungen und (7) die Angst, wieder zu erkranken. Alle befragten RehabilitandInnen planten die Rückkehr in die Berufstätigkeit sowie umfassende Veränderungen des Gesundheitsverhaltens im Privatleben und am Arbeitsplatz.
Schlussfolgerung
Im Zusammenhang mit der BBPL wurden psychosoziale Aspekte deutlich häufiger thematisiert als medizinische. Auffallend war zudem, dass alle befragten RehabilitandInnen den beruflichen Wiedereinstieg planten, auch bei negativer SE. Diese wurde durch Faktoren bestimmt, die als Folge einer Neubewertung der persönlichen Prioritäten nach stattgehabten Akutereignis zu betrachten sind. Zur Unterstützung der Krankheitsverarbeitung sowie zur Förderung der Teilhabe einschließlich des Wiedereinstiegs in das Berufsleben scheint die interprofessionelle Erarbeitung eines individuell-differenzierten Handlungsplans mit Nachsorgeoptionen in der kardiologischen AR für die betroffenen PatientInnen sinnvoll.
Stress and pain
(2022)
Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) leads to considerable impairment of quality of life worldwide and is often accompanied by psychosomatic symptoms.
Objectives: First, to assess the association between stress and chronic low back pain (CLBP) and its simultaneous appearance with fatigue and depression as a symptom triad. Second, to identify the most predictive stress-related pattern set for CLBP for a 1-year diagnosis.
Methods: In a 1-year observational study with four measurement points, a total of 140 volunteers (aged 18–45 years with intermittent pain) were recruited. The primary outcomes were pain [characteristic pain intensity (CPI), subjective pain disability (DISS)], fatigue, and depressive mood. Stress was assessed as chronic stress, perceived stress, effort reward imbalance, life events, and physiological markers [allostatic load index (ALI), hair cortisol concentration (HCC)]. Multiple linear regression models and selection procedures for model shrinkage and variable selection (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) were applied. Prediction accuracy was calculated by root mean squared error (RMSE) and receiver-operating characteristic curves.
Results: There were 110 participants completed the baseline assessments (28.2 7.5 years, 38.1% female), including HCC, and a further of 46 participants agreed to ALI laboratory measurements. Different stress types were associated with LBP, CLBP, fatigue, and depressive mood and its joint occurrence as a symptom triad at baseline; mainly social-related stress types were of relevance. Work-related stress, such as “excessive demands at work”[b = 0.51 (95%CI -0.23, 1.25), p = 0.18] played a role for upcoming chronic pain disability. “Social overload” [b = 0.45 (95%CI -0.06, 0.96), p = 0.080] and “over-commitment at work” [b = 0.28 (95%CI -0.39, 0.95), p = 0.42] were associated with an upcoming depressive mood within 1-year. Finally, seven psychometric (CPI: RMSE = 12.63; DISS: RMSE = 9.81) and five biomarkers (CPI: RMSE = 12.21; DISS: RMSE = 8.94) could be derived as the most predictive pattern set for a 1-year prediction of CLBP. The biomarker set showed an apparent area under the curve of 0.88 for CPI and 0.99 for DISS.
Conclusion: Stress disrupts allostasis and favors the development of chronic pain, fatigue, and depression and the emergence of a “hypocortisolemic symptom triad,” whereby the social-related stressors play a significant role. For translational medicine, a predictive pattern set could be derived which enables to diagnose the individuals at higher risk for the upcoming pain disorders and can be used in practice.
Forced to stay at home
(2022)
The effects of COVID-19-related lockdowns on deterioration of mental health and use of exercise to remediate such effects has been well documented in numerous populations. However, it remains unknown how lockdown restrictions impacted individuals differently and who was more likely to change their exercise behavior and experience negative well-being. The current study examined exercise dependence as a risk factor and its impact on exercise behavior and mood during the initial COVID-19 lockdowns on a global scale in 11,898 participants from 17 countries. Mixed effects models revealed that reducing exercise behavior was associated with a stronger decrease in mood for individuals at risk of exercise dependence compared to individuals at low risk of exercise dependence. Participants at high risk and exercising more prior to the pandemic reported the most exercise during lockdown. Effects of lowered mood were most pronounced in participants with high risk of exercise dependence who reported greater reduction in exercise frequency during lockdown. These results support recent etiological evidence for exercise dependence and add to a growing body of literature documenting mental health effects related to COVID-19.
Purpose
This randomised controlled trial examined the effect of an 8-week volume-equated programme of Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) training, executed at frequencies of 1- or 2-days per week, on fitness (10 m and 40 m sprint, '505' change of direction [COD] and standing long jump [SLJ]) in male youth soccer players (mean age: 16.4 0.81 years).
Method
Players were divided into an experimental group (n = 16) which was further subdivided into 1-day (n = 8) and 2-day (n = 8) per week training groups and a control group (n = 8).
Results
There were significant group-by-time interactions for 10-m sprint (p<0.001, eta(2) = 0.120, d = 2.05 [0.57 to 3.53]), 40-m sprint (p = 0.001, eta(2) = 0.041, d = 1.09 [-0.23 to 2.4]) and COD (p = 0.002, eta(2) = 0.063, d = 1.25 [-0.09 to 2.59). The experimental group demonstrated a 'very large' effect size (d = 3.02 [1.5 to 4.54]) in 10-m sprint, and 'large' effect sizes in 40-m sprint (d = 1.94 [0.98 to 2.90]) and COD (d = 1.84 [0.85 to 2.83). The control group showed no significant changes. There were no significant differences between the 1-day and 2-day training groups. In three of the four tests (40 m, COD, SLJ) the 2-day group demonstrated larger effect sizes. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were significantly lower in the 2-day group (p<0.001, 3.46 [1.83 to 5.04).
Conclusion
The NHE increases fitness in youth soccer players and there may be advantages to spreading training over two days instead of one.
Effects of intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans
(2022)
Background:
Intermittent hypoxia applied at rest or in combination with exercise promotes multiple beneficial adaptations with regard to performance and health in humans. It was hypothesized that replacing normoxia by moderate hyperoxia can increase the adaptive response to the intermittent hypoxic stimulus.
Objective:
Our objective was to systematically review the current state of the literature on the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia (IHH) on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans.
Methods:
PubMed, Web of Science (TM), Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (January 2000 to September 2021) using the following inclusion criteria: (1) original research articles involving humans, (2) investigation of the chronic effect of IHH, (3) inclusion of a control group being not exposed to IHH, and (4) articles published in peer-reviewed journals written in English.
Results:
Of 1085 articles initially found, eight studies were included. IHH was solely performed at rest in different populations including geriatric patients (n = 1), older patients with cardiovascular (n = 3) and metabolic disease (n = 2) or cognitive impairment (n = 1), and young athletes with overtraining syndrome (n = 1). The included studies confirmed the beneficial effects of chronic exposure to IHH, showing improvements in exercise tolerance, peak oxygen uptake, and global cognitive functions, as well as lowered blood glucose levels. A trend was discernible that chronic exposure to IHH can trigger a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The evidence of whether IHH exerts beneficial effects on blood lipid levels and haematological parameters is currently inconclusive. A meta-analysis was not possible because the reviewed studies had a considerable heterogeneity concerning the investigated populations and outcome parameters.
Conclusion:
Based on the published literature, it can be suggested that chronic exposure to IHH might be a promising non-pharmacological intervention strategy for improving peak oxygen consumption, exercise tolerance, and cognitive performance as well as reducing blood glucose levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in older patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases or cognitive impairment. However, further randomized controlled trials with adequate sample sizes are needed to confirm and extend the evidence. This systematic review was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42021281248) (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
Background
There is evidence that in older adults the combination of strength training (ST) and endurance training (ET) (i.e., concurrent training [CT]) has similar effects on measures of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE) compared with single-mode ST or ET, respectively. Therefore, CT seems to be an effective method to target broad aspects of physical fitness in older adults.
Objectives
The aim was to examine the effects of CT on measures of physical fitness (i.e., muscle strength, power, balance and CRE) in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years. We also aimed to identify key moderating variables to guide training prescription.
Study Design
We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Data Sources
The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, MEDLINE and Google Scholar were systematically searched until February 2022.
Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies We included randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of CT versus passive controls on measures of physical fitness in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years.
Results
Fifteen studies were eligible, including a total of 566 participants. CT induced moderate positive effects on muscle strength (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.74) and power (SMD = 0.50), with a small effect on CRE (SMD = 0.48). However, no significant effects were detected for balance (p > 0.05). Older adults > 65 years (SMD = 1.04) and females (SMD = 1.05) displayed larger improvements in muscle strength compared with adults <= 65 years old (SMD = 0.60) and males (SMD = 0.38), respectively. For CRE, moderate positive effects (SMD = 0.52) were reported in those <= 65 years old only, with relatively larger gains in females (SMD = 0.55) compared with males (SMD = 0.45). However, no significant differences between all subgroups were detected. Independent single training factor analysis indicated larger positive effects of 12 weeks (SMD = 0.87 and 0.88) compared with 21 weeks (SMD = 0.47 and 0.29) of CT on muscle strength and power, respectively, while for CRE, 21 weeks of CT resulted in larger gains (SMD = 0.62) than 12 weeks (SMD = 0.40). For CT frequency, three sessions per week produced larger beneficial effects (SMD = 0.91) on muscle strength compared with four sessions (SMD = 0.55), whereas for CRE, moderate positive effects were only noted after four sessions per week (SMD = 0.58). A session duration of > 30-60 min generated larger improvements in muscle strength (SMD = 0.99) and power (SMD = 0.88) compared with > 60-90 min (SMD = 0.40 and 0.29, respectively). However, for CRE, longer session durations (i.e., > 60-90 min) seem to be more effective (SMD = 0.61) than shorter ones (i.e., > 30-60 min) (SMD = 0.34). ET at moderate-to-near maximal intensities produced moderate (SMD = 0.64) and small positive effects (SMD = 0.49) on muscle strength and CRE, respectively, with no effects at low intensity ET (p > 0.05). Finally, intra-session ST before ET produced larger gains in muscle strength (SMD = 1.00) compared with separate sessions (SMD = 0.55), whereas ET and ST carried out separately induced larger improvements in CRE (SMD = 0.58) compared with intra-session ET before ST (SMD = 0.49).
Conclusions
CT is an effective method to improve measures of physical fitness (i.e., muscle strength, power, and CRE) in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years, regardless of sex. Results of independent single training factor analysis indicated that the largest effects on muscle strength were observed after 12 weeks of training, > 30-60 min per session, three sessions per week, higher ET intensities and when ST preceded ET within the same session. For CRE, the largest effects were noted after 21 weeks of training, four sessions per week, > 60-90 min per session, higher ET intensities and when ET and ST sessions were performed separately. Regarding muscle power, the largest effects were observed after 12 weeks of training and > 30-60 min per session.
The affective response during exercise is an important factor for long-term exercise adherence. Pottratz et al. suggested affective priming as a behavioral intervention for the enhancement of exercise-related affect. The present paper aims to replicate and extend upon these findings. We conducted a close replication with 53 participants completing a brisk walking task in two conditions (prime vs. no prime). Affective valence was assessed during exercise, and exercise enjoyment and remembered/forecasted pleasure were assessed postexercise. We could not replicate the findings of Pottratz et al., finding no evidence for positive changes in psychological responses in the priming condition. However, linear mixed models demonstrated significant interindividual differences in how participants responded to priming. These results demonstrate that affective priming during exercise does not work for everyone under every circumstance and, thus, provide an important contribution to the understanding of boundary conditions and moderating factors for priming in exercise psychology.