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To better understand the role of individual and lifestyle factors in human disease, an exposome-wide association study was performed to investigate within a single-study anthropometry measures and lifestyle factors previously associated with B-cell lymphoma (BCL). Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition study, 2402 incident BCL cases were diagnosed from 475 426 participants that were followed-up on average 14 years. Standard and penalized Cox regression models as well as principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate 84 exposures in relation to BCL risk. Standard and penalized Cox regression models showed a positive association between anthropometric measures and BCL and multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasm (MM). The penalized Cox models additionally showed the association between several exposures from categories of physical activity, smoking status, medical history, socioeconomic position, diet and BCL and/or the subtypes. PCAs confirmed the individual associations but also showed additional observations. The PC5 including anthropometry, was positively associated with BCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and MM. There was a significant positive association between consumption of sugar and confectionary (PC11) and follicular lymphoma risk, and an inverse association between fish and shellfish and Vitamin D (PC15) and DLBCL risk. The PC1 including features of the Mediterranean diet and diet with lower inflammatory score showed an inverse association with BCL risk, while the PC7, including dairy, was positively associated with BCL and DLBCL risk. Physical activity (PC10) was positively associated with DLBCL risk among women. This study provided informative insights on the etiology of BCL.
The corrosion of character
(2017)
The topic of this imaginary dialogue between Georg Simmel and Max Weber is the relation between work – in the sense of labour – and personality. Its aim is to show that the thinking of these ‘founding fathers’ of sociology can furnish valuable insight into the current issue of the corrosion of character in contemporary post-Fordist society. The concept of work still represents one of the major factors determining modern individuals’ ability (or inability) to formulate personal, stable identities that enable them to become fully socialized. Both Simmel and Weber make reference to a common theoretical background that views the human being as a creature with originally rational potential, who is faced with the task of becoming a personality by means of consciously chosen life behaviour: This is evident in the parallelism between Simmel’s interest in the concept of ‘style of life’ (Der Stil des Lebens) and Weber’s research on the ‘life conduct’ (Lebensführung) that arose in Western rationalistic culture.
Hintergrund
Einem Großteil der Bevölkerung gelingt es trotz ausreichenden Wissens um die protektiven Effekte nicht, ausreichende körperliche Aktivität in den Alltag zu integrieren. Digitale Assistenzsysteme könnten hierbei unterstützend eingesetzt werden. Dies setzt jedoch das Interesse potentieller Nutzer voraus.
Methode
In einer Online-Befragung wurden im Juni/Juli 2015 Mitarbeiter und Studierende der Universität Potsdam zum individuellen Ausmaß der sportlichen Aktivität, dem Interesse an elektronischer Trainingsunterstützung und weiteren Parametern befragt.
Ergebnis 1217 Studierende und 485 Mitarbeiter (67,3 bzw. 67,5% Frauen, 26±4,9 bzw. 42,7±11,7 Jahre) nahmen an der Studie teil. Die empfohlene sportliche Aktivität (≥3 Tage bzw. 150 min/Woche) wurde von 70,1% der Mitarbeiter und 52,7% der Studierenden nicht erreicht. Innerhalb dieser Gruppen zeigten 53,2% (Studierende) bzw. 44,2% (Mitarbeiter), unabhängig von Alter, Geschlecht, BMI bzw. Bildungsniveau, Interesse an einer elektronischen Trainingsunterstützung.
Schlussfolgerung
Auch in jüngeren Bevölkerungsgruppen mit hohem Bildungsniveau ist die Mehrzahl der Personen unzureichend körperlich aktiv. Ein Interesse an Trainingsunterstützung besteht in etwa der Hälfte dieser sportlich inaktiven Gruppe. Dies legt den Schluss nahe, dass der personalisierte Einsatz mobiler Assistenzsysteme für die positive Beeinflussung des Lebensstils zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen könnte.