Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (1502) (remove)
Year of publication
- 2015 (1502) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (1096)
- Doctoral Thesis (180)
- Part of a Book (53)
- Review (51)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (41)
- Preprint (28)
- Conference Proceeding (23)
- Other (17)
- Habilitation Thesis (5)
- Part of Periodical (4)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (1502) (remove)
Keywords
- stars: early-type (9)
- climate change (8)
- Magellanic Clouds (7)
- anomalous diffusion (7)
- eye movements (7)
- fMRI (7)
- interference (7)
- stars: massive (7)
- Holocene (6)
- ancient DNA (6)
- eye-tracking (6)
- reading (6)
- stars: atmospheres (6)
- stars: mass-loss (6)
- stars: winds, outflows (6)
- Cardiac rehabilitation (5)
- Chinese (5)
- Climate change (5)
- Eye movements (5)
- German (5)
- ISM: supernova remnants (5)
- SNARC (5)
- X-rays: binaries (5)
- X-rays: stars (5)
- acceleration of particles (5)
- binaries: close (5)
- biomaterials (5)
- polymers (5)
- binaries: eclipsing (4)
- biodiversity (4)
- click chemistry (4)
- cosmic rays (4)
- cue-based retrieval (4)
- diffusion (4)
- embodied cognition (4)
- galaxies: active (4)
- gender (4)
- insula (4)
- interoceptive awareness (4)
- major depressive disorder (4)
- neuroimaging (4)
- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal (4)
- stars: magnetic field (4)
- stars: variables: general (4)
- stochastic processes (4)
- Arabidopsis (3)
- Arenes (3)
- Cross-coupling (3)
- Development (3)
- Endothelin (3)
- Germany (3)
- ISM: clouds (3)
- India-Asia collision (3)
- Mental number line (3)
- Molybdenum cofactor (3)
- Ostracoda (3)
- Palladium (3)
- Seismicity and tectonics (3)
- Spanish (3)
- ageing (3)
- aggression (3)
- astroparticle physics (3)
- gamma rays: general (3)
- gamma rays: stars (3)
- higher education (3)
- inflammation (3)
- longitudinal study (3)
- mental number line (3)
- numerical cognition (3)
- peptides (3)
- self-assembly (3)
- sentence comprehension (3)
- stars: Wolf-Rayet (3)
- stars: evolution (3)
- stars: fundamental parameters (3)
- synchronization (3)
- ACT-R (2)
- ADHD (2)
- AIP1 (2)
- Actin (2)
- Adolescence (2)
- Adolescents (2)
- Anisotropy effect (2)
- Answer set programming (2)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (2)
- Azobenzene containing cationic surfactants (2)
- BL Lacertae objects: general (2)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421 (2)
- BPMN (2)
- Baltic Sea (2)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Biomarker (2)
- Biomaterials (2)
- Brassica napus (2)
- Carbohydrates (2)
- Children (2)
- China (2)
- Chinese reflexives (2)
- Cobalt (2)
- Community assembly (2)
- Competition (2)
- Cytotoxicity (2)
- DLT (2)
- DNA methylation (2)
- Dark matter (2)
- Depressive symptoms (2)
- Dynamics: seismotectonics (2)
- EPR spectroscopy (2)
- Earthquake source observations (2)
- East Africa (2)
- Element mobility (2)
- Ellipticity of corner-degenerate operators (2)
- English (2)
- Epigenetic (2)
- European Union (2)
- Evaluation (2)
- Exercise (2)
- FRET (2)
- Fish (2)
- Fluid-rock interaction (2)
- Fluorescence imaging (2)
- Fredholm property (2)
- German classic (2)
- German misery (2)
- Graph theory (2)
- Ground-motion prediction equation (2)
- H-1 NMR (2)
- HPLC (2)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (2)
- Human evolution (2)
- Hydrology (2)
- Hydrothermal carbonization (2)
- ISM: structure (2)
- Indian summer monsoon (2)
- Individual-based model (2)
- Inflammation (2)
- Inversion (2)
- Ionosphere (2)
- Jaspers (2)
- JavaScript (2)
- L-Cysteine desulfurase (2)
- Land-use intensity (2)
- Linguistik (2)
- Lonar Lake (2)
- Ludwig Leichhardt (2)
- Lukacs (2)
- Marine terraces (2)
- Marxism (2)
- Migration (2)
- Obesity (2)
- Operational momentum (2)
- Overweight (2)
- Pacific Ocean (2)
- Paleoclimate (2)
- Pamir (2)
- Patterning (2)
- Photosensitive polymer brushes (2)
- Planar polarity (2)
- Pleistocene (2)
- Poland (2)
- Precipitation (2)
- Principal component analysis (2)
- Proxy (2)
- Pump-probe (2)
- RIXS (2)
- Reading (2)
- Reading development (2)
- Ring current effect (2)
- Siberia (2)
- Solanaceae (2)
- Sphingosine kinase (2)
- Start-up subsidies (2)
- Stress (2)
- Sun: activity (2)
- Swedish (2)
- Tarim Basin (2)
- Theoretical calculations (2)
- Tibetan Plateau (2)
- Toeplitz operators (2)
- Tso Moriri Lake (2)
- Ventral striatum (2)
- Water quality (2)
- Wetlands (2)
- Wirtschaft (2)
- Zooplankton (2)
- abiotic stress (2)
- activation (2)
- adolescence (2)
- alexithymia (2)
- anaphors (2)
- antilocality (2)
- attention (2)
- autocracy (2)
- block copolymers (2)
- center embedding (2)
- charge transfer (2)
- child language (2)
- circadian clock (2)
- collective guilt (2)
- competition (2)
- computational modeling (2)
- conservation (2)
- content-addressable memory (2)
- contracts (2)
- critical avalanche dynamics (2)
- democracy (2)
- dendrimers (2)
- density functional calculations (2)
- development (2)
- discourse (2)
- diversification (2)
- domestication (2)
- ecohydrology (2)
- ecosystem functioning (2)
- eicosapentaenoic acid (2)
- electroactive polymer (2)
- electron transfer (2)
- entrepreneurship (2)
- enzyme catalysis (2)
- erosion (2)
- evidentiality (2)
- exercise (2)
- expectation (2)
- experiments (2)
- exploration (2)
- eye-voice span (2)
- fluorescence (2)
- galaxies: jets (2)
- gamma rays: ISM (2)
- gamma rays: galaxies (2)
- gamma-rays: galaxies (2)
- gamma-rays: general (2)
- genomics (2)
- geomorphometry (2)
- grammatical illusion (2)
- ground reaction force (2)
- heart (2)
- history of German (2)
- humanism (2)
- hydrogen bonds (2)
- hypertension (2)
- individual differences (2)
- interoception (2)
- intervention locality (2)
- island biogeography (2)
- justice sensitivity (2)
- land use (2)
- landscape evolution (2)
- landslide (2)
- locality (2)
- magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) (2)
- memory and delay (2)
- memory retrieval (2)
- missing-VP effect (2)
- model (2)
- modeling (2)
- molecular rods (2)
- morphological processing (2)
- multiplicative noise (2)
- neuronal networks (2)
- pH (2)
- palaeogenomics (2)
- pesticides (2)
- political philosophy (2)
- pollen (2)
- polyunsaturated fatty acids (2)
- possessives (2)
- prevention (2)
- pronoun resolution (2)
- pronouns (2)
- prosody (2)
- psychologinguistics (2)
- quantification (2)
- quantum friction (2)
- rampage (2)
- rationalism (2)
- reflexives (2)
- relative clauses (2)
- remagnetization (2)
- remission (2)
- risk factor (2)
- sACC (2)
- salamanders (2)
- scrambling (2)
- sea-level rise (2)
- seasonality (2)
- sentence parsing (2)
- sexual aggression (2)
- signal transduction (2)
- sonography (2)
- spatial cognition (2)
- stars: individual ([HD 36486]delta Ori A) (2)
- stochastic models (2)
- supramolecular chemistry (2)
- techniques: photometric (2)
- temperature (2)
- type 2 diabetes (2)
- uplift (2)
- validation (2)
- variability (2)
- visual world paradigm (2)
- visual-world paradigm (2)
- working memory capacity (2)
- working memory updating (2)
- working-memory (2)
- ziji (2)
- 1,2-Dithiosquarate,1,2-Dithiosquaratonickelate (1)
- 1,3-Oxasilinanes (1)
- 1-Phenylethanol (1)
- 1-to-1 Correspondence (1)
- 2,2-Disubstituted adamantane derivatives (1)
- 2-Hydroxyethylammonium 1-R-indol-3-ylsulfanylacetates (1)
- 2-Phenylethanol (1)
- 2-Substituted adamantane derivatives (1)
- 3,5-Dimethoxytoluene (1)
- 3-Silatetrahydropyrans (1)
- 31A25 (1)
- 3D CAVE (1)
- 3D geomechanical numerical model (1)
- 3D imaging (1)
- 3D information visualization (1)
- 3D map (1)
- 3D semiotic model (1)
- 454 pyrosequencing (1)
- 454-pyrosequencing (1)
- 65F18 (1)
- ACSL (1)
- ADPKD (1)
- AERONET (1)
- AFM (1)
- AMS (1)
- AOAC (1)
- AODV (1)
- APOM protein (1)
- ARL3 (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- AUX1 (1)
- Abandonment (1)
- Abrus precatorius (1)
- Absolute age dating (1)
- Acadian (1)
- Acceleration of particles (1)
- Accretion, underplating and exhumation processes (1)
- Acer (1)
- Acer platanoides (1)
- Acer pseudoplatanus (1)
- Achilles tendon (1)
- Acid sphingomyelinase (1)
- Acquired dysgraphia (1)
- Acquisition (1)
- Active flow control (1)
- Acute myocardial infarction (1)
- Ad hoc routing (1)
- Adaptation options (1)
- Adaption (1)
- Adaptive Force (1)
- Adaptive evolution (1)
- Adenylyl cyclase (1)
- Adult height (1)
- Adverbs (1)
- Aerosols (1)
- African humid period (1)
- Age of acquisition (1)
- Agency (1)
- Agent-oriented adverbs (1)
- Aggregation (1)
- Aging (1)
- Agreement attraction (1)
- Agricultural field (1)
- Airborne lidar (1)
- Akt signaling (1)
- Alborz range (1)
- Alcohol dependence (1)
- Alkaline phosphatase (1)
- Allometry (1)
- Allylic compounds (1)
- Alpine metamorphism (1)
- Alps (1)
- Altorientalische Monarchie (1)
- Alzheimer dementia (1)
- Ambient noise tomography (1)
- Amides (1)
- Amphibia (1)
- Amphibian (1)
- Amplitude and waveform analysis of PcP (1)
- Amygdala (1)
- Anaerobic digestion (1)
- Ancient DNA (1)
- Andrena (1)
- Anger regulation (1)
- Anions (1)
- Anisotropy (1)
- Annual 30-day minimum flow (1)
- Annulation (1)
- Anoxia (1)
- Antarctic Circumpolar Current (1)
- Anti-Causatives (1)
- Anti-doping (1)
- Antiplasmodial activity (1)
- Anxiety (1)
- Apathy (1)
- Apennine Carbonate Platform (1)
- Aphasia (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Aptamer (1)
- Ar-40/Ar-39 spot ages (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana embryogenesis (1)
- Arc accretion (1)
- Archaic humans (1)
- Archeology (1)
- Argument-Structure-Ordering Principle (1)
- Aridity (1)
- Arrival dates (1)
- Arsenolipids (1)
- Arterial hypertension (1)
- Artificial language paradigm (1)
- Artificial selection (1)
- Artificial water catchment (1)
- Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (1)
- Ashmura (1)
- Asia (1)
- Asian Americans (1)
- Assembly pattern (1)
- Assessment (1)
- Assignment of stereochemistry (1)
- Asymptotics of solutions (1)
- Athlete (1)
- Attention (1)
- Attention deficit (1)
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (1)
- Attitude (1)
- Attitudes towards inclusion (1)
- Aufsatzsammlung (1)
- Authigenic carbonates (1)
- Auxin transport (1)
- Avalonia (1)
- Averaging principle (1)
- Azadironolide (1)
- Azobenzene (1)
- B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) calculations (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (PG 1553+113) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: AP Librae (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 501 (1)
- BMP4 (1)
- Backbone model (1)
- Backdoors (1)
- Background (1)
- Bacterial growth efficiency (1)
- Balance (1)
- Barcoding (1)
- Barite concretion (1)
- Barrier to ring inversion (1)
- Basal body (1)
- Batch experiments (1)
- Bayesian (1)
- Bayesian logistic regression (1)
- Beer mashing (1)
- Behavioral querying (1)
- Beltrami equation (1)
- Bentonite clay (1)
- Benzenoid structure (1)
- Berlin (1)
- Beta-amylase (1)
- Beverages (1)
- Bezugsgruppen (1)
- Bgl2p (1)
- Biaryls (1)
- Bilinear models (1)
- Bilirubin oxidase (1)
- Binge eating (1)
- Bioavailability (1)
- Biodiversity indicators (1)
- Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (1)
- Biofuel cell (1)
- Biofuels (1)
- Biogenic silica (1)
- Biogeography (1)
- Biological indicator (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Biomass water (1)
- Biome shifts (1)
- Biomedicine (1)
- Biomineralization (1)
- Biosilicification (1)
- Biostratigraphy (1)
- Birth-and-death process (1)
- Bis-MGD (1)
- Biscutella didyma (1)
- Bivariate flood quantile (1)
- Black shales (1)
- Blood (1)
- Blood platelets (1)
- Blood sugar (1)
- Body composition (1)
- Body image (1)
- Body size perception (1)
- Body stimuli (1)
- Body waves (1)
- Bone repair material (1)
- Bonn und die islamische Revolution (1)
- Boolean logic models (1)
- Bootstrapping (1)
- Borchardt-Kontroverse (1)
- Borrowing constraints (1)
- Bose-Einstein condensate (1)
- Botanic gardens (1)
- Botulinum toxin (1)
- Boys (1)
- Brassicaceae (1)
- Breakthrough curve (1)
- Breeding success (1)
- Brewster angle microscopy (1)
- Brilliant blue (1)
- Bukit Tigapuluh Landscape (1)
- Bulimia nervosa (1)
- Bush encroachment (1)
- Business cycle (1)
- Business process management (1)
- Business processes (1)
- C-13 NMR (1)
- C-C coupling (1)
- C:P ratio (1)
- CAPS (1)
- CDK5RAP2 (1)
- CNR1 (1)
- CO desorption (1)
- COI (1)
- Caco-2 intestinal barrier model (1)
- Cadmium (1)
- Caecilians (1)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- Calcium phosphates (1)
- Caledonian (1)
- Cambodia (1)
- Camellia sinensis (1)
- Cameroon (1)
- Campylomormyrus (1)
- Candida (1)
- Candidates (1)
- Canid morphotype (1)
- Carbene ligands (1)
- Carbohydrate mimics (1)
- Carbon colloid (1)
- Carbon decomposition (1)
- Carbon isotope stratigraphy (1)
- Carbonates (1)
- Carboniferous (1)
- Cardiac rehabilitation Chronic heart failure (1)
- Cardinality (1)
- Cardiovascular (1)
- Cardiovascular risk factor (1)
- Cardiovascular risk factors (1)
- Career satisfaction (1)
- Career self-efficacy (1)
- Carotenoid (1)
- Case-control study (1)
- Catalytic reaction (1)
- Catalytically active MIPs (1)
- Catchment (1)
- Catchment classification (1)
- Catechins (1)
- Category verification (1)
- Cationic surfactants (1)
- Cations (1)
- Cauchy data spaces (1)
- Cauchy problem (1)
- Causative Alternation (1)
- Cave (1)
- Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (1)
- CdS quantum dots (1)
- Cell counts (1)
- Cellulose (1)
- Cenozoic (1)
- Central American literature (1)
- Central India (1)
- Central nervous system (1)
- Centriole (1)
- Centrosome (1)
- Ceramide (1)
- Cerrado (1)
- Chaiten volcano (1)
- Channel island (1)
- Chaperone (1)
- Cheirogaleidae (1)
- Chemotaxis (1)
- Cherenkov radiation (1)
- Chew Bahir (1)
- Child language (1)
- Childhood (1)
- Childhood adversity (1)
- Childhood obesity (1)
- Chile convergent margin (1)
- Chile subduction zone (1)
- Chinese reading (1)
- Chiral dopants (1)
- Chiroptera (1)
- Chloroplast (1)
- Chromosphere, active (1)
- Chronic heart failure (CHF) (1)
- Chronic kidney disease (1)
- Chronic pain (1)
- Civil engineering (1)
- Classical MD (1)
- Clearing formation (1)
- Click chemistry (1)
- Climate (1)
- Climate adaptation (1)
- Climatic variations (1)
- Clinical (1)
- Clinical reasoning (1)
- Clogging (1)
- Cloud Computing (1)
- Cluster Computing (1)
- Clutch size (1)
- CoExist (1)
- Coagulation (1)
- Coarse woody debris (1)
- Coastal Cordillera (Chile) (1)
- Coastal sedimentation (1)
- Coastal uplift (1)
- Coesite-bearing eclogite (1)
- Coexistence (1)
- Coexistence mechanisms (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (1)
- Cognitive control (1)
- Cognitive interference (1)
- Cold air surges (1)
- Colitis (1)
- Collaboration for innovation (1)
- Colon cancer (1)
- Combinatorial multi-objective optimization (1)
- Combined modality therapy (1)
- Communion (1)
- Community composition (1)
- Community dynamics (1)
- Community effect in height (1)
- Community-based Modelling (1)
- Competences (1)
- Competencies (1)
- Complex heterogeneous systems (1)
- Complexity (1)
- Composite hydrogels (1)
- Composite outcome measure (1)
- Composition of the mantle (1)
- Compositional data analysis (1)
- Compound Poisson processes (1)
- Compound-specific isotope (1)
- Compound-specific stable isotopic (1)
- Computational complexity (1)
- Computational grid (1)
- Computer-assisted self-regulation training (1)
- Computer-based assessment (1)
- Concentration-discharge relationships (1)
- Concept of differentiated land use (1)
- Conduct problems (1)
- Cone (1)
- Confidence intervals (1)
- Confocal microscopy (1)
- Conformational analysis (1)
- Conformational equilibrium (1)
- Connective tissue growth factor (1)
- Connectivity (1)
- Continental margins: convergent (1)
- Continental neotectonics (1)
- Continental tectonics: compressional (1)
- Continuous cultures (1)
- Continuous performance task (1)
- Contrast (1)
- Control rates (1)
- Convective storms (1)
- Convergence (1)
- Coordination game (1)
- Coordination polymers (1)
- Copulas (1)
- Coral reef terraces (1)
- Core (1)
- Core stability (1)
- Core-mantle boundary (1)
- Corestone (1)
- Corner pseudo-differential operators (1)
- Corona (1)
- Coronal mass ejection (CME) (1)
- Corporate foresight (1)
- Correlation (1)
- Cosmic rays (1)
- Cosmic-ray (1)
- Cosmogenic-nuclide geochronology (1)
- Cosmology (1)
- Cospeciation (1)
- Costs (1)
- Coulomb failure stress (1)
- Countermovement jump (1)
- Counting process (1)
- Crack deflection (1)
- Creaminess (1)
- Creative economy (1)
- Creative industries (1)
- Creep (1)
- Critical zone (1)
- Critics (1)
- Crossover fatigue (1)
- Crustal melting (1)
- Crustal structure (1)
- Crystal and molecular structure (1)
- Crystal structures (1)
- Cycling (1)
- Cyp2b1 (1)
- Cyrus II (1)
- Cytochrome c (1)
- Czech (1)
- D-enrichment (1)
- D22 (1)
- DATM (1)
- DELWAQ (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA copolymers (1)
- DNA nanotechnology (1)
- DNA preservation (1)
- DNA volume and persistent length (1)
- DNA-surfactant complexes (1)
- DOPA (1)
- DRD4 (1)
- DUFLOW (1)
- Damage reduction (1)
- Data (1)
- Data exchange (1)
- Data integration (1)
- Data modeling (1)
- Database (1)
- Database Approach To Modelling (1)
- Deadweight effects (1)
- Deaf readers (1)
- Decision Probability (1)
- Decision speed (1)
- Deep biosphere (1)
- Delphi study (1)
- Delta-Kohn Sham method (1)
- Dementia (1)
- Democracy (1)
- Dengue (1)
- Density (1)
- Density functional theory (1)
- Depositional setting (1)
- Depression (1)
- Detailed balance (1)
- Deutsche Außenpolitik (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Development of eating behavior (1)
- Developmental Biology (1)
- Devonian transpression (1)
- Diabetic cardiomyopathy (1)
- Diabetic nephropathy (1)
- Diagenetic barium cycling (1)
- Diagnostic (1)
- Diagnostic accuracy (1)
- Diagnostics (1)
- Diatoms (1)
- Dictyostelium (1)
- Dielectric elastomer (1)
- Dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) (1)
- Difference-in-difference (1)
- Differential Equations (1)
- Diffuse pollution (1)
- Digital (1)
- Dimensional (1)
- Dinosterol (1)
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition (1)
- Direct electron transfer (1)
- Direct searches (1)
- Disaggregation (1)
- Disaster impact analysis (1)
- Disease (1)
- Diskontinuität (1)
- Disks (1)
- Dispersal limitation (1)
- Dissolution precipitation replacement (1)
- Divergent evolution (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Doehlert design (1)
- Dog (1)
- Dolomites (1)
- Domestication (1)
- Dopamine (1)
- Doppler ultrasound (1)
- Drainage morphometry (1)
- Drama (1)
- Drug (1)
- Drug metabolism (1)
- Drug prescription (1)
- Duration prediction (1)
- Duricrusts (1)
- Dwarf galaxies (1)
- Dynamic capabilities (1)
- Dynamic energy budget theory (1)
- Dynamic pricing and advertising (1)
- Dyslexia (1)
- Dyslipidemia (1)
- Dysregulation (1)
- E-Mail Tracking (1)
- E-learning (1)
- EAP (1)
- ECHSE (1)
- EEG/ERP (1)
- EMG (1)
- EMI sensors (1)
- EPA (1)
- ERP (1)
- ERPs (1)
- ESI (1)
- ET-1 (1)
- ETA (1)
- ETB (1)
- EU (1)
- EU Council Presidency (1)
- Earliest Cambrian (1)
- Early psychosocial adversity (1)
- Earth rotation (1)
- Earthquake (1)
- Earthquakes (1)
- Eastern Europe (1)
- Eastern Mediterranean (1)
- Eating pathology (1)
- Ecohydrological modeling (1)
- Ecological interactions (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Ecosystem services (1)
- Edge and corner pseudo-differential operators (1)
- Edge symbols (1)
- Editorial policies (1)
- Educational game (1)
- Ego-depletion (1)
- Eigenvalue problem (1)
- Einführung (1)
- Einstein-Hilbert action (1)
- El Salvador (1)
- Elbow breadth (1)
- Electric organ discharge (1)
- Electric organ ontogeny (1)
- Electrocyte geometry (1)
- Electromagnetics (1)
- Electromyography (1)
- Electronic Journals Library (1)
- Electrophoretic deposition (1)
- Electrospinning (1)
- Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek (EZB) (1)
- Elephas maximus sumatranus (1)
- Ellenberg indicator values (1)
- Ellipsometry (1)
- Embodied cognition (1)
- Embodiment (1)
- Emissions (1)
- Emotion (1)
- Emotion labelling (1)
- Emotion recognition (1)
- Emotional expressions (1)
- Emotional intelligence (1)
- Emotions (1)
- Empowering leadership (1)
- Enceladus (1)
- End-member modeling (1)
- Endocrine (1)
- Endocrine disruption (1)
- Endogenous growth (1)
- Endogenous retrovirus (1)
- Endoscopy (1)
- Endosulfan (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Endothelial dysfunction (1)
- Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (1)
- Energy (1)
- Energy Community (1)
- Energy-transfer probe (1)
- Enrichment factor (1)
- Entertainment (1)
- Entrepreneurship (1)
- Environmental magnetism (1)
- Enzymatic fuel cell (1)
- Enzymatic milk coagulation (1)
- Enzyme catalysis (1)
- Epitope imprinting (1)
- Equus (1)
- Erinnerung (1)
- Erosion rate reconstructions (1)
- Eucera (1)
- Europa (1)
- Europarecht / Europäische Verfassung (1)
- Europe (1)
- European lobster (1)
- Europäische Union (1)
- Europäische Union Charta der Grundrechte (1)
- Europäische Union Vertrag über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Union (1)
- Europäische Verfassung (1)
- Evapotranspiration (1)
- Event normalization (1)
- Event processing (1)
- Event related potential (1)
- Event-related potential (1)
- Event-related potentials (1)
- Events (1)
- Evidence-based policy making (1)
- Ex situ conservation (1)
- Exceptional alternation (1)
- Exciplex (1)
- Expected satiation (1)
- Expected satiety (1)
- Expected thirst (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Experimentation (1)
- Export regime (1)
- Extended R-Value model (1)
- External stimuli (1)
- Externalizing disorders (1)
- Extraction (1)
- Extreme events (1)
- Extremum seeking (1)
- Eye-tracking (1)
- F12 methods (1)
- FAME (1)
- FKBP5 (1)
- Fabaceae (1)
- Face categorization (1)
- Facies (1)
- Fault slip (1)
- Fe-C composite (1)
- Fecundity (1)
- Feedback heuristics (1)
- Fehler machen (1)
- Felix-App (1)
- Felsic volcanism (1)
- Female labor-force participation (1)
- Female moratorium (1)
- Fertility (1)
- Feshbach resonance (1)
- Festuca brevipila (1)
- Fiber analysis (1)
- Fibrosis (1)
- Field aquifer (1)
- Finger counting (1)
- Finger-based numerical representations (1)
- Finite energy sections (1)
- Finite horizon (1)
- Fire (1)
- Firefly luciferase inhibition (1)
- First passage time (1)
- Flagellate grazing (1)
- Flare (1)
- Flares, dynamics (1)
- Flexible linker (1)
- Flood (1)
- Floral scent compound (1)
- Flow cytometry (1)
- Fluid intelligence (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Fluorescent probes (1)
- Fluoroassay (1)
- Flussfotolyse (1)
- Focus (1)
- Fokker-Planck equations (1)
- Fokker-Planck-Smoluchowski equation (1)
- Foliated spaces (1)
- Food approach (1)
- Food avoidance (1)
- Food quality (1)
- Foragers (1)
- Foraminifera (1)
- Force (1)
- Force splitting (1)
- Foresight (1)
- Forest disturbance (1)
- Forest soils (1)
- Formate dehydrogenase (1)
- Formica pratensis (1)
- Fourier-transform infrared (1)
- Fractionation (1)
- Framework (1)
- Free-electron laser (1)
- Freeze-fracturing (1)
- Freshwater ecosystem (1)
- Frost-cracking (1)
- Functional aging (1)
- Functional averaging (1)
- Futures studies (1)
- Fuzzy logic (1)
- G-protein-coupled receptor (1)
- G-quadruplexes (1)
- G. Bingham Powell (1)
- GABA(B) receptor (1)
- GEO BON (1)
- GEOMAGIA50 (1)
- GIAO calculations (1)
- GRIND (1)
- Gadot Formation (1)
- Gait (1)
- Galactic Ring Survey (1)
- Galaxy: evolution (1)
- Galaxy: halo (1)
- Gamma rays: General (1)
- Gas sorption (1)
- Gas-phase electron diffraction (1)
- Gastrointestinal tract (1)
- Gate-effects (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- Gene-environment interaction (1)
- Generalisation (1)
- Generalized hybrid Monte Carlo (1)
- Genetic association (1)
- Genetic drift (1)
- Genetic model (1)
- Genetic programming (1)
- Genomic evolution (1)
- Genotypic differences (1)
- Geochemistry (1)
- Geodetic measurements (1)
- Geodynamo (1)
- Geomagnetic field (1)
- Geomagnetism (1)
- Geomorphic systems (1)
- Geosciences (1)
- German colonialism (1)
- German intonation (1)
- Germination (1)
- Geschichte (1)
- Girls (1)
- Givenness (1)
- Glacial landscape history (1)
- Global change (1)
- Global environmental change (1)
- Global supply chains (1)
- Global warming (1)
- Globally hyperbolic Lorentz manifold (1)
- Glomerular filtration rate (1)
- Glucocorticoid receptor (1)
- Glucose (1)
- Glycerophospholipids (1)
- Gold (1)
- Gold nanoparticles (1)
- Goursat problem (1)
- Grain size (1)
- Granites (1)
- Granulites (1)
- Grass flush (1)
- Grassland (1)
- Grassland diversity (1)
- Grazing (1)
- Greek Historiography (1)
- Green Road (1)
- Grime strategy (1)
- Grip strength (1)
- Ground penetrating radar (1)
- Ground reaction force (1)
- Groundwater-stream water interactions (1)
- Growth (1)
- Grüner Weg (1)
- Gutenberg-Richter relationship (1)
- H II regions (1)
- HESS Galactic Plane Survey (1)
- HP-LT rocks (1)
- HP-granulite (1)
- HTC biochar (1)
- HTHP (1)
- Haplotype (1)
- Health (1)
- Health economics (1)
- Health promotion (1)
- Heart rate (1)
- Heating energy demand (1)
- Heavy metal ions (1)
- Heiner Müller (1)
- Hemispheric specialization (1)
- Hemispherical photography (1)
- Hepatotoxicity (1)
- Herodot (1)
- Herodotus (1)
- Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams (1)
- Heterocycles (1)
- Heterogeneous agents (1)
- Hierarchical linear modeling (1)
- High pressure - low temperature treatments (1)
- Hilbig (1)
- Himalaya (1)
- Himalayas (1)
- Hindi (1)
- History (1)
- Hochschule (1)
- Holocene Climate (1)
- Home telemonitoring (1)
- Horse (1)
- Host shift (1)
- Host-plant suitability (1)
- Hot/cool executive function (1)
- Hugo Grotius (1)
- Human (1)
- Human capital resource (1)
- Human differentiated neurons (1)
- Human donor blood (1)
- Human population genomics (1)
- Humic layer (1)
- Humus forms (1)
- Hungarian (1)
- Hunter-gatherers (1)
- Hybrid App (1)
- Hybrid materials (1)
- Hydraulic connectivity (1)
- Hydraulics (1)
- Hydrodynamics (1)
- Hydrogel (1)
- Hydrogen (1)
- Hydrogen-bonding (1)
- Hydrophobic (1)
- Hyogo (1)
- Hyperbolic dynamical system (1)
- Hypercholesterolemia (1)
- Hypoglycemia (1)
- Hypoxia (1)
- IB (1)
- IB4 (1)
- ICSS (1)
- IHE attack (1)
- IMS (1)
- IODP (1)
- ISM: Supernova remnants (1)
- ISM: abundances (1)
- ISM: individual objects: HESS J1832-093 (1)
- ISM: individual objects: M 42 (1)
- ISM: individual objects: Puppis A (1)
- ISM: individual objects: SNR G22.7-0.2 (1)
- ISM: lines and bands (1)
- ISM: molecules (1)
- Ibero-Romance (1)
- Identities (1)
- Idiosyncratic risk (1)
- Image filtering (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Imidazole (1)
- Immigration by air (1)
- Immobilization (1)
- Immunoactive properties (1)
- Impulsivity (1)
- In-situ Laser Ablation Split Stream ICPMS (1)
- Incidence rates (1)
- Inclusion (1)
- Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) (1)
- Indian Summer Monsoon (1)
- Indirect searches (1)
- Individual based model (1)
- Individual differences (1)
- Individual size (1)
- Indochina (1)
- Indonesia (1)
- Induced seismicity (1)
- Infant regulatory problems (1)
- Infinitival patterns (1)
- Information structure (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Innovation networks (1)
- Instability (1)
- Instructional practices (1)
- Insulin (1)
- Integrative taxonomy (1)
- Intelligence (1)
- Interaction (1)
- Interactive effects (1)
- Interception (1)
- Interchain interactions (1)
- Interest (1)
- Interference (1)
- Interferometry (1)
- Interkulturelle Äquivalenz (1)
- Intermittent exercise (1)
- Internalizing symptoms (1)
- Internet (1)
- Intertrial coherence (1)
- Intervention study (1)
- Intra-individual response-time variability (1)
- Intra-oceanic subduction (1)
- Intra-parietal sulcus (1)
- Intraspecific genetic variation (1)
- Intraspecific variation (1)
- Intubation (1)
- Inventory holding costs (1)
- Inventory systems (1)
- Inverse theory (1)
- Investment (1)
- Ionic liquids (1)
- Ionogels (1)
- Iran (1)
- Isotope (1)
- Isotope-dilution analysis (1)
- Isotopes (1)
- Issue 95 (1)
- Italy (1)
- Iterated corner asymptotics of solutions (1)
- Ito integral (1)
- JIT compilers (1)
- Jump height (1)
- Jump processes (1)
- Justice (1)
- Justice sensitivity (1)
- Kamchatka (1)
- Kernelization (1)
- Khatanga river (1)
- Khomeini (1)
- Kiezdeutsch (1)
- Kinesin V (1)
- Kinetic model (1)
- Knee valgus motion (1)
- Knowledge creep (1)
- Knowledge utilization (1)
- Kommentar (1)
- Kongress (1)
- Konzentration (1)
- Kultur (1)
- Kyrgyzstan (1)
- Kyros II (1)
- L-2-invariants (1)
- L-selectin (1)
- L11 (1)
- L26 (1)
- L95 (1)
- LCST behavior (1)
- LEM-domain (1)
- LHC (1)
- LIKE-AUX1 (LAX) (1)
- LINC complex (1)
- LLSVPs (1)
- Lacustrine sediment (1)
- Lacustrine surface samples (1)
- Lagrangian-averaged equations (1)
- Lake (1)
- Lake Van (1)
- Lake deposits (1)
- Lake level (1)
- Lake sediment (1)
- Lake sediments (1)
- Lakes (1)
- Lamin (1)
- Land use (1)
- Land use intensity (1)
- Land-use planning (1)
- Langmuir monolayer (1)
- Language production (1)
- Language understanding (1)
- Languages (1)
- Lanthanide (1)
- Laos (1)
- Laplace-Beltrami operator (1)
- Larger foraminifera (1)
- Laser ICP-MS (1)
- Last Glacial Maximum (1)
- Late Pleistocene (1)
- Lateral jumps (1)
- Lateralization (1)
- Latitudinal gradient (1)
- Layer-by-layer (1)
- Leaf area index (1)
- Leaf litter (1)
- Leaf senescence (1)
- Leaking (1)
- Left middle and superior temporal gyri (1)
- Left ventricular hypertrophy (1)
- Left-ordered groups (1)
- Lemna minor (1)
- Lemnaceae (1)
- Lernwiderstände (1)
- Lesion formation (1)
- Level of abstraction (1)
- Levy diffusion approximation (1)
- Levy diffusions on manifolds (1)
- Levy flights (1)
- Lexical database (1)
- LiDAR (1)
- Lichenometry (1)
- Lidar (1)
- Life cycle assessment (1)
- Life history (1)
- Life science (1)
- Light scattering (1)
- Limonoid (1)
- Linguistics (1)
- Linking (1)
- Lipid (1)
- Lipid biomarkers (1)
- Lipid profile (1)
- Liquid Jet (1)
- Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- Liquids (1)
- Lisbon Treaty (1)
- Literatur (1)
- Lively Kernel (1)
- Lizenzen (1)
- Load Balancing (1)
- Lobelia tupa (1)
- Local Group (1)
- Local index theory (1)
- Local plant-abundance (1)
- Location awareness (1)
- Logic tree (1)
- Long term management (1)
- Long-range transport (1)
- Long-term effects (1)
- Loop-loop systems (1)
- Low flow indicator (1)
- Low frequency amplitude variability (1)
- Low rank matrices (1)
- Low temperature NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Lu-Hf geochronology (1)
- Luminescence spectroscopy (1)
- Lysophosphatidylcholines (1)
- MADS-domain transcription factor (1)
- MALDI imaging (1)
- MATLAB (1)
- MCPH (1)
- MONOPTEROS (ARF5) (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Madeira island (1)
- Magnetic hydrochar (1)
- Magnetic susceptibility (1)
- Magnetostratigraphy (1)
- Management (1)
- Mandarin Chinese (1)
- Manganese (1)
- Mann-Kendall test (1)
- Mantle processes (1)
- Marcus canonical equation (1)
- Marine Isotope Stage 3 (1)
- Marine ecology (1)
- Marke (1)
- Markenpersönlichkeit (1)
- Marketing (1)
- Markov Chain (1)
- Markov Chain Monte Carlo inversion (1)
- Markov chain (1)
- Markov cluster algorithm (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Mastery goals (1)
- Maternal effects (1)
- Math achievement (1)
- Mato Grosso (1)
- Maule earthquake (1)
- Measurement (1)
- Media (1)
- Medical education (1)
- Mehrsprachigkeit (1)
- Mekong Delta (1)
- Melt inclusions (1)
- Membrane (1)
- Memory (1)
- Menderes Massif (1)
- Menschenrecht (1)
- Mental arithmetic (1)
- Mental health (1)
- Mental image (1)
- Mercuric mercury (1)
- Meromorphic operator-valued symbols (1)
- Mesoangioblasts (1)
- Mesoscale systems (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metalloenzymes (1)
- Metaphor (1)
- Metasomatism (1)
- Methylation (1)
- Methylmercury (1)
- Mice (1)
- Micellar caseins (1)
- Michael addition (1)
- Microbial carbon transfer (1)
- Microbial degradation (1)
- Microcebus berthae (1)
- Microcebus murinus (1)
- Microfossils (1)
- Microfoundations (1)
- Microperoxidase-11 (1)
- Microphysical properties (1)
- Microscale electrode (1)
- Microspore (1)
- Microwave chemistry (1)
- Middle Palaeolithic (1)
- Middle childhood (1)
- Migmatites (1)
- Mikrokanal (1)
- Milium effusum (1)
- Mineral soil (1)
- Minimalist program (1)
- Minimum landing size (1)
- Miocene (1)
- Mirror Principle (1)
- Missions (1)
- Mittag-Leffler functions (1)
- Mixed strategy (1)
- Mixture model (1)
- Miyakejima intrusion (1)
- Mobile Campus Application (1)
- Mobile application (1)
- Model Analysis (1)
- Model Implementation (1)
- Model availability (1)
- Model comparison (1)
- Modeling framework (1)
- Modeling tools for decision-making (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modelling Framework (1)
- Modern pollen/vegetation relationships (1)
- Modified Hamiltonians (1)
- Molecular clouds (1)
- Molecular dynamics (1)
- Molecular dynamics simulations (1)
- Molecular heterosis (1)
- Molecular marker (1)
- Molecular motor (1)
- Molecular orientation (1)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (1)
- Molecules (1)
- Mollification (1)
- Molybdenum (1)
- Molybdenum-iron-iron-sulfur cluster (1)
- Monetary incentive delay task (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Monoclonal MIPs (1)
- Monomolecular reaction (1)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (1)
- Morbus Parkinson (1)
- Mormyridae (1)
- Morphogenesis (1)
- Morphological cues (1)
- Morphology (1)
- Morse-Smale property (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Mortality causes (1)
- Moss samples (1)
- Motor coordination (1)
- Motor planning/programming (1)
- Moving window (1)
- Multi-locus phylogeny (1)
- Multifunctionality (1)
- Multilayer (1)
- Multilevel analysis (1)
- Multilevel model (1)
- Multiple herbivory (1)
- Multiple interpretation scheme (1)
- Multiple risk factor intervention (1)
- Multiwalled carbon nanotube (1)
- Municipality data (1)
- Murine leukemia virus (1)
- Muscle (1)
- Muscle mass (1)
- Myoblasts (1)
- Myodes glareolus (1)
- Myzus persicae (1)
- Müll (1)
- N (1)
- N efficiency (1)
- N400 (1)
- NAFLD (1)
- NCA (1)
- NF-B (1)
- NICE-2014 (1)
- Nanograin charge (1)
- Nanogranitoids (1)
- Nanohybrid (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) (1)
- National Socialism (1)
- Natural gas network (1)
- Natural language processing (1)
- Natural population (1)
- Natural products (1)
- Nature conservation management (1)
- Near surface geophysics (1)
- Neglect (1)
- Neoromicia (1)
- Nest protection (1)
- Network analysis (1)
- Network graph (1)
- Network monitoring (1)
- Network topology (1)
- Networked foresight (1)
- Networks (1)
- Neurotoxicity (1)
- Next/second-generation sequencing (1)
- Niche partitioning (1)
- Nickel oxide (1)
- Nitric oxide (1)
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (1)
- Non-pharmacological intervention (1)
- Nonlinear X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- Norepinephrine transporter (1)
- Normierung Soziolinguistik (1)
- North Pacific (1)
- Nuclear accent (1)
- Nuclear envelope (1)
- Nuclear explosions (1)
- Nuclear lamina (1)
- Nuclear receptor (1)
- Null model (1)
- Number cognition (1)
- Number morphology (1)
- Number of taste organs (1)
- Number representation (1)
- Numerical estimation (1)
- Numerical experiment (1)
- Nutrient export (1)
- Nutrients (1)
- Nutritional ecology (1)
- O horizon (1)
- O-2 (1)
- OCD (1)
- ODE model (1)
- OSIRIS (1)
- Object Versioning (1)
- Observational (1)
- Occupational therapists (1)
- Occupational therapy (1)
- Ocular drift (1)
- Oculo-motor control (1)
- Oculomotor resonance (1)
- Old Red Sandstone (1)
- Older patients (1)
- Online Marketing (1)
- Online morpho-syntactic processing (1)
- Oomycetes (1)
- Opal-A (1)
- Opal-CT (1)
- Open Access (1)
- Open innovation (1)
- OpenLayers 3 (1)
- Operand order effect (1)
- Ophiolite obduction (1)
- Ophrys (1)
- Optimal foraging (1)
- Optimal stochastic and deterministic (1)
- Opto-mechanically induced scission of (1)
- Opto-mechanically induced scission of polymer chains (1)
- Order-preserving maps (1)
- Ordinality (1)
- Organic carbon (1)
- Organic pollutants (1)
- Organizational epistemology (1)
- Oriental/Persian Monarchy (1)
- Osmium (1)
- Osteoblast (1)
- Othering (1)
- Oxidative stress (1)
- Oxygen heterocycles (1)
- P ligands (1)
- P2 (1)
- PAHs (1)
- PAS domain (1)
- PCDitch (1)
- PCLake (1)
- PDE6D (1)
- PET (1)
- PHS2 (1)
- PIN (1)
- POD (1)
- PT estimates (1)
- PTMEs (1)
- PUFA (1)
- Palaeolimnology (1)
- Palaeolithic (1)
- Palaeotemperature (1)
- Paleo (1)
- Paleoceanography (1)
- Paleoenvironmental (1)
- Paleomagnetism (1)
- Palygorskite (1)
- Parafoveal (1)
- Parafoveal processing (1)
- Parallel job execution time estimation (1)
- Parameterized complexity (1)
- Parenting quality (1)
- Particle mobility (1)
- Passive (1)
- Pastoralism (1)
- Pea flour (1)
- Pea protein isolate (1)
- Pediastrum (1)
- Pelvic breadth (1)
- Pentacyclic triterpene methyl ethers (1)
- Pentylsedinine (1)
- Peptides (1)
- Perceptual span (1)
- Performance (1)
- Performance Evaluation (1)
- Periplaneta americana (1)
- Permanent uplift (1)
- Permuted balance (1)
- Peronospora farinosa (1)
- Perturbation theory (1)
- Pervasive computing (1)
- Pest infestation (1)
- Pest-pest interaction (1)
- Phase transition (1)
- Phenols (1)
- Phenotypic plasticity (1)
- Phenylpropanoids (1)
- Phonology (1)
- Phonotactics (1)
- Phosphatidylcholines (1)
- Phosphatidylinositols (1)
- Phosphogenesis (1)
- Photoinduced optical anisotropy (1)
- Photolysis (1)
- Photon Density Wave spectroscopy (1)
- Phylogeny (1)
- Physical environment (1)
- Physicochemical properties (1)
- Physics (1)
- Phytoplankton (1)
- Phytotoxicity (1)
- Pi interactions (1)
- Piperidine alkaloid (1)
- Pipistrellus (1)
- Planetary rings (1)
- Plant community ecology (1)
- Plant soil feedbacks (1)
- Plant-soil feedback (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plasma convection (1)
- Plasmalogens (1)
- Platinum group metals (1)
- Plausible values (1)
- Pleistocene and Holocene climate (1)
- Plume (1)
- Pointing (1)
- Polen (1)
- Political realism (1)
- Pollen (1)
- Pollen source area (1)
- Poly vinyl alcohol (1)
- Polyaromatic fragments (1)
- Polyether ether ketone (1)
- Polyethyleneimine (1)
- Polyimides (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Polymer degradation (1)
- Polymorphism (1)
- Polypeptoid (1)
- Pontides (1)
- Pore analysis (1)
- Portugal (1)
- Positive selection (1)
- Post-glacial landscape (1)
- Post-polymerization modification (1)
- Postmortal organ donation (1)
- Postpartum anxiety disorders (1)
- Postpartum depression (1)
- Potential of mean force (1)
- Potsdam 2013 (1)
- Power (1)
- Poylaniline (1)
- Pre-school children (1)
- Precaution (1)
- Predation (1)
- Prediabetes (1)
- Predictability (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Prediction error signal (1)
- Prediction of achievement in science (1)
- Predictors (1)
- Presystemic metabolism (1)
- Prevalence (1)
- Primary: 47B35 (1)
- Primates (1)
- Privacy (1)
- Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and Bayesian inference (1)
- Process Monitoring (1)
- Process analytical technology (1)
- Process choreographies (1)
- Process model repositories (1)
- Process model search (1)
- Process modeling (1)
- Process models (1)
- Procyanidins (1)
- Professional Knowledge (1)
- Programming Environments (1)
- Prohibited performance enhancement (1)
- Projective meaning (1)
- Prominences, active (1)
- Pronominal anaphora (1)
- Propensity score matching (1)
- Prosodic phrasing (1)
- Prosody (1)
- Prospective study (1)
- Protein aggregation (1)
- Protic 2-hydroxyethylammonium ionic liquids (1)
- Prozessorientierte Didaktik (1)
- Pseudo-binary phase diagrams (1)
- Psychoeducation (1)
- Psycholinguistics (1)
- Psychosocial stress (1)
- Psychotropics (1)
- Public administration (1)
- Public debt (1)
- Pulmonary arterial hypertension (1)
- Punctuated equilibrium theory (1)
- Purification (1)
- Push factor (1)
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (1)
- Q49 (1)
- Quality of life (1)
- Quantum chemical calculations (1)
- Quasi Random Walk (1)
- Quasi-aromaticity (1)
- Quaternary climate (1)
- Question answering (1)
- Questionnaire (1)
- Questionnaires (1)
- Quinonoid structure (1)
- R (1)
- RNA (1)
- RP2 (1)
- RSA triangle (1)
- RT-qPCR (1)
- Rac-metalaxyl (1)
- Racket (1)
- Radiation mechanisms: Non-termal (1)
- Radiolaria (1)
- Raman microspectroscopy (1)
- Randomized controlled trial (1)
- Randomized-controlled trial (1)
- Rare earth element (REE) distribution (1)
- Raum (1)
- Rawls (1)
- Rb-Sr mineral isochrons (1)
- Reaction mechanism (1)
- Reading comprehension (1)
- Rearrangement (1)
- Reciprocal processes (1)
- Reclassification (1)
- Redox potential (1)
- Reduction targets (1)
- Reflex (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Regime shifts (1)
- Regionalization (1)
- Regolith (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Rehabilitation success (1)
- Reinforcement learning (1)
- Rejection sensitivity (1)
- Relative clause (1)
- Relaxin (1)
- Remediation (1)
- Renovation (1)
- Residential building stock (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Resonance-free ultrasound emitter (1)
- Resource provisioning (1)
- Respiratory aspiration (1)
- Reversibility (1)
- Reviewer (1)
- Reward system (1)
- Rheic Ocean (1)
- Rhizosphere (1)
- Rio Grande (1)
- Riparian zone (1)
- Risk assessment (1)
- Risk control (1)
- Risk factor (1)
- Risk model (1)
- Risk zoning (1)
- Roach (1)
- Rock glacier (1)
- Rock magnetism (1)
- Rosa x level (1)
- Russian (1)
- S1P(3) receptor (1)
- SANS (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SLC13A5 (1)
- SQL (1)
- SSD (1)
- SU5416 (1)
- Salamanders (1)
- Salamandra (1)
- Salento (1)
- Salivary gland (1)
- Sarcopenia (1)
- Saturn, rings (1)
- Saturn, satellites (1)
- Savanna rangeland dynamics (1)
- Scaling (1)
- Scanpaths (1)
- Scenario (1)
- Schah (1)
- Science achievement (1)
- Scientific inquiry (1)
- Scotophilus (1)
- Sea ice (1)
- Sea-level change (1)
- Seasonality (1)
- Second language (1)
- Secondary prevention (1)
- Secondary school level (1)
- Secondary: 47L80 (1)
- Security Council (1)
- Sediment magnetism (1)
- Sediment production (1)
- Sediment recycling (1)
- Sediment supply (1)
- Sediments (1)
- Seebeck ratchet (1)
- Seed immigration (1)
- Seed provenance (1)
- Seismic refraction (1)
- Seismic tomography (1)
- Seismology (1)
- Seismotectonic segmentation (1)
- Seismoturbidites (1)
- Selbstkongruenz (1)
- Selbstkonzept (1)
- Selection effects (1)
- Self-control (1)
- Self-efficacy (1)
- Self-employment (1)
- Self-powered biosensor (1)
- Self-regulation (1)
- Semantic priming (1)
- Semantic typicality (1)
- Sensitivity analysis (1)
- Sensorimotor training (1)
- Sensors (1)
- Sensory cues (1)
- Sensory zone (1)
- Sentence comprehension (1)
- Sentence comprehension deficits (1)
- Sentence processing (1)
- Sentence reading (1)
- Sequences (1)
- Serotonin (1)
- Service detection (1)
- Service-oriented Architecture (1)
- Sex difference (1)
- Sexual dimorphism (1)
- Shallow lakes (1)
- Shannon diversity (1)
- Shannon entropy (1)
- Shear flow (1)
- Short chain dehydrogenase (1)
- Si fractions (1)
- Sign language (1)
- Signal propagation (1)
- Signaling transduction networks (1)
- Silica (1)
- Simulation of polymer XPS (1)
- Single-station sigma (1)
- Singularities (1)
- Site effects (1)
- Site-specific agricultural land-use (1)
- Situated cognition (1)
- Size distribution (1)
- Skeletochronology (1)
- Skill (1)
- Skills (1)
- Slow positive wave (1)
- Smalltalk (1)
- Smoking (1)
- Smoking cessation (1)
- Snap-through instability (1)
- Social Choice Theory (1)
- Social Cognition (1)
- Social Networking Sites (1)
- Socio-economics (1)
- Soil (1)
- Soil heterogeneity (1)
- Soil moisture (1)
- Soil moisture time series (1)
- Soil monitoring (1)
- Solanum lycopersicum (1)
- Solanum tuberosum (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (1)
- Solvation (1)
- Solvent effects (1)
- Solvothermal synthesis (1)
- Sorex araneus (1)
- South-Eastern Europe (1)
- Southern Caspian Basin (1)
- Southern Italy (1)
- Southern Levant (1)
- Southern Ocean (1)
- Sozialer Einfluss (1)
- Space weather (1)
- Spacecraft (1)
- Spatial and nonspatial graphs (1)
- Spatial and temporal denudation rate (1)
- Spatial cognition (1)
- Spatial interactions (1)
- Spatial panel estimation (1)
- Spatially explicit models (1)
- Species range shift (1)
- Species tree (1)
- Spectrophotometry (1)
- Speech perception (1)
- Speech production (1)
- Spelling (1)
- Sphingolipids (1)
- Sphingomyelin (1)
- Sphingosine 1phosphate (1)
- Sport therapy (1)
- Sprachbewusstsein (1)
- Sprachwandel (1)
- Sprouting (1)
- Squeak (1)
- Sri Lanka (1)
- Stachys sylvatica (1)
- Standard language ideology (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Standardized precipitation index (1)
- Starch accumulation (1)
- Starch metabolizing enzymes (1)
- Start-up (1)
- Statistical seismology (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Stay-green (1)
- Stein, Torsten (1)
- Stimulation fluids (1)
- Stochastic Hamiltonian (1)
- Stochastic Petri nets (1)
- Stochastic bridges (1)
- Stochastic geometry (1)
- Stockholm-convention (1)
- Stratal cyclicity (1)
- Strategic human resources (1)
- Stratonovich integral (1)
- Stress drop (1)
- Stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- Strontium isotope stratigraphy (1)
- Structural changes (1)
- Structural expectation (1)
- Structural models (1)
- Strukturgleichungsmodellierung (1)
- Student Teachers (1)
- Student motivation (1)
- Studium (1)
- Subantarctic Front (1)
- Subarctic North Pacific (1)
- Subduction earthquakes (1)
- Subduction interface (1)
- Subduction zone processes (1)
- Subject-specific interest (1)
- Submerged macrophytes (1)
- Substance (1)
- Substituent chemical shifts (1)
- Subsurface biosphere (1)
- Subtropical cyclones (1)
- Suicide attempt (1)
- Sulfite oxidase (1)
- Sulfur transfer (1)
- Sulfuration (1)
- Sulphite oxidase (1)
- Sulphoxide (1)
- Sumba Island (1)
- Sun1 (1)
- Sun: chromosphere (1)
- Sun: corona (1)
- Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) (1)
- Sun: flares (1)
- Sun: photosphere (1)
- Sun: sunspots (1)
- Sunspots, magnetic fields (1)
- Supernova remnants (1)
- Support vector machine regression (1)
- Supramolecular ball structure (1)
- Supramolecular chemistry (1)
- Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) (1)
- Surface relief grating (1)
- Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (1)
- Surfactant micelles (1)
- Surprisal (1)
- Sustainable land use (1)
- Swarm constellation (1)
- Switzerland (1)
- Symbolik (1)
- Synchrotron Radiation (1)
- Synthetic methods (1)
- System ecology (1)
- Systems biology (1)
- TG/DTA (1)
- TMS (1)
- TOP-Guidelines (1)
- TSNMRS (1)
- Tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- Tarim Basin, NW China (1)
- Taste buds (1)
- Tax and spending competition (1)
- Teacher motivation (1)
- Technofunctional properties (1)
- Technological impact (1)
- Tectonic uplift (1)
- Tectonics (1)
- Telemedicine (1)
- Temperature (1)
- Tendinopathy (1)
- Terrace reoccupation (1)
- TerraceM (1)
- Terrestrial Si cycle (1)
- Testate amoebae (1)
- Tetranychus urticae (1)
- Texturing (1)
- Thailand (1)
- The Netherlands (1)
- Thematic Hierarchy (1)
- Theoretical seismology (1)
- Thermal broadening effects (1)
- Thermal diffusivity (1)
- Thermal inertia (1)
- Thermal sound generation (1)
- Thermal wave method (1)
- Thermo-acoustic effect (1)
- Thermophone (1)
- Thermoplastics (1)
- Thermoresponsive (1)
- Thiol-ene (1)
- Thiomersal (1)
- Three phase partitioning (1)
- Thyroid hormone (1)
- Tian Shan (1)
- Tien Shan (1)
- Tile drain (1)
- Time duality (1)
- Time resolved FRET (1)
- Time-lapse imaging (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- ToF-SIMS imaging (1)
- Tool use demonstration (1)
- Tool use pantomime (1)
- Toonacilin (1)
- Toonapubesins F (1)
- Topographic consistency (1)
- Total synthesis (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Trace inclusion (1)
- Tracheotomy (1)
- Traffic (1)
- Training conditions (1)
- Transactivation assay (1)
- Transcript levels (1)
- Transcriptomics (1)
- Transformation of hydrological signals (1)
- Transformation toughening (1)
- Transforming growth factor beta (1)
- Transhimalaya (1)
- Transmembrane asymmetry (1)
- Treatment (1)
- Tree recruitment (1)
- Triturus (1)
- Trophic interactions (1)
- Tropical dry deciduous forests (1)
- Trunk trail (1)
- Tso Morari (1)
- Tunisian Revolution (1)
- Turbidite paleoseismology (1)
- Turbulence (1)
- Turkey (1)
- Turkish migrants (1)
- Turkish-German bilingualism (1)
- Turraea nilotica (1)
- Turraea robusta (1)
- Two-temperature model (1)
- Typical intellectual engagement (1)
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (1)
- UHP exhumation (1)
- USA / Politik, Zeitgeschichte, Recht (1)
- Ultra-high pressure (UHP) (1)
- Ultra-low velocity zones (1)
- Ultrasonography (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- Unaccusatives (1)
- Unaccusativity (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Uncertainty estimation (1)
- Unconventional gas (1)
- Unemployment (1)
- Unergative verbs (1)
- Uplift (1)
- Upper Cambrian (1)
- Upper Cretaceous (1)
- Urban ecosystem analysis (1)
- Urodela (1)
- User submission pattern (1)
- V-p (1)
- V-s ratios (1)
- V2 (1)
- VHE gamma-ray astronomy (1)
- Validation (1)
- Validity (1)
- Variance partitioning (1)
- Variscan (1)
- Varve (1)
- Vegetation structure (1)
- Ventilation (1)
- Verfassung (1)
- Verfassung / Europäische Verfassung (1)
- Verfassungsrecht (1)
- Vertrag über die Europäische Union (1)
- Veto Player (1)
- Vietnam (1)
- Vietnamese (1)
- Virtual 3D scenes (1)
- Viscoelasticity (1)
- Visualization (1)
- Volatile compound (1)
- Volcanic arc processes (1)
- Volcanic rift zone (1)
- Voltammetry (1)
- Voxel-based morphometry (1)
- Vulnerability (1)
- Völkerrecht (1)
- WEREWOLF (1)
- Walvis Ridge (1)
- Wave equation (1)
- Wave scattering and diffraction (1)
- Wave-built terraces (1)
- Wealth distribution (1)
- Weather impact (1)
- Weathering (1)
- Web browsers (1)
- WebGL (1)
- Weight (1)
- Weight loss (1)
- Weighted edge spaces (1)
- Weltwirtschaftskrise (1)
- Werte (1)
- West Antarctic Ice Sheet (1)
- Westerlies (1)
- Weyl tensor (1)
- Whey proteins (1)
- Winning Coalition (1)
- Wolf (1)
- Work (1)
- Working-memory (1)
- Workload (1)
- WorldView-2 (1)
- Wrinkling (1)
- X-ray Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray structure (1)
- X-rays: ISM (1)
- X-rays: galaxies (1)
- XAS (1)
- XES (1)
- XLRP (1)
- XMRV (1)
- XPS (1)
- Xanthomonas (1)
- Xenobesity (1)
- Xenophon of Athens (1)
- Xenophon von Athen (1)
- Xigaze ophiolite (1)
- XopJ (1)
- Xpr1 (1)
- Yield per recruit (YPR) (1)
- Yolk (1)
- Yttria stabilized zirconia (1)
- Yurtus Formation (1)
- Zahl (1)
- Ziphiidae (1)
- ZooMS (1)
- Zweitveröffentlichung (1)
- ab initio (1)
- ab initio calculations (1)
- abundance estimation (1)
- academic achievement (1)
- acceptability judgments (1)
- acetylcholinesterase (1)
- acid sphingomyelinase (1)
- action language (1)
- action observation (1)
- action perception (1)
- active transport (1)
- actuator (1)
- acute kidney injury (1)
- acute physiological demand (1)
- adaptation (1)
- adherence (1)
- adolescent athletes (1)
- aerobic respiration (1)
- affect (1)
- age structure (1)
- agent-based models (1)
- agility (1)
- aid worker (1)
- airborne (1)
- airborne geophysics (1)
- albuminuria (1)
- alcohol (1)
- alcohol addiction (1)
- aldehyde oxidase (1)
- aldol reaction (1)
- algae (1)
- algorithm schedules (1)
- alien vascular plants (1)
- alignments (1)
- alpha-stable Levy process (1)
- alpine (1)
- ambient noise (1)
- ambiguity resolution (1)
- amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) (1)
- amino alcohols (1)
- amorphous polymers (1)
- anger regulation (1)
- annual plants (1)
- anomalous diffusion and transport (1)
- answer set programming (1)
- anti-HIV (1)
- anti-doping (1)
- antisemitism (1)
- aphasia (1)
- aphasia treatment (1)
- aphids (1)
- aquatic ecosystems (1)
- arab (1)
- argon dating (1)
- articulated rods (1)
- artificial neural networks (1)
- artificially drained lowland (1)
- arylalkylamine N-transferase (1)
- asteroseismology (1)
- astrometry (1)
- astronomical databases: miscellaneous (1)
- atherosclerosis (1)
- atmospheric circulation (1)
- atmospheric nitrogen deposition (1)
- atom-surface interaction (1)
- attitudes (1)
- auditory neurons (1)
- aversion (1)
- avirulence (1)
- azobenzene (1)
- bacterial production (1)
- balance (1)
- bank vole (1)
- base-level fall (1)
- basis sets (1)
- behavioral observation (1)
- benchmark (1)
- benzofurans (1)
- bi-harmonic coupling (1)
- bilingualism (1)
- binaries: general (1)
- biocatalysis (1)
- biocompatibility (1)
- biodegradable polymers (1)
- bioelectrocatalysis (1)
- bioinvasion (1)
- biological physics (1)
- biomimetic sensors (1)
- biorecognition reactions (1)
- birhythmic behavior (1)
- bis-MGD (1)
- black holes (1)
- body composition (1)
- body temperature (1)
- bone (1)
- brain lesions (1)
- brain networks (1)
- break interventions (1)
- bridge (1)
- broad melting temperature range (1)
- bureaucratic politics (1)
- cPMP (1)
- caffeine (1)
- cancer cachexia (1)
- capacitive sensor (1)
- capture-recapture modeling (1)
- carbohydrates (1)
- carbon cycle (1)
- carbon nitride (1)
- carbon nitride thin film (1)
- cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- cardiovascular diseases (1)
- career success (1)
- carotenoids (1)
- carotenoids bioavailability (1)
- cartographic design (1)
- cascade reactions (1)
- cash crops (1)
- catanionic surfactants (1)
- catchments (1)
- cell culture device (1)
- cell-based assay (1)
- cell-material interaction (1)
- cellobiose dehydrogenase (1)
- cells (1)
- ceramide (1)
- channel geometry (1)
- characteristics (1)
- characterization of ultrasonic measurement systems (1)
- chemotaxis (1)
- childhood (1)
- children (1)
- chlorophyll content (1)
- cholinesterase inhibitors (1)
- chromatin remodeling (1)
- chronic kidney disease (1)
- chronostratigrapy (1)
- chronotopy (1)
- circumstellar matter (1)
- cis-regulatory evolution (1)
- civitas perfecta (1)
- class-level effects (1)
- clay organic coating (1)
- climate extremes (1)
- climate finance (1)
- climate impacts (1)
- climate policy (1)
- climate variability (1)
- climate warming (1)
- clinical study (1)
- clock genes (1)
- coagulation-fragmentation (1)
- coat colour (1)
- coating (1)
- coenzyme-a (1)
- coexistence (1)
- cofactors (1)
- cognitive resources (1)
- collaborative learning (1)
- collagen (1)
- collective efficacy (1)
- collective team identification (1)
- column operation mode (1)
- community (1)
- community biomass (1)
- community structure (1)
- comorbidities (1)
- compatibility effect (1)
- complex majoritarianism (1)
- complexity (1)
- composition (1)
- compounding (1)
- comprehensive analysis (1)
- computational fluid dynamics (1)
- computer games (1)
- concentration (1)
- condition number (1)
- conduct problems (1)
- conducting polymers (1)
- conduction aphasia (1)
- conductive argument (1)
- confidence sets (1)
- conformational analysis (1)
- conformational properties (1)
- congeneric species (1)
- connections between chaos and statistical physics (1)
- connectivity (1)
- conservation responsibility (1)
- continental breakup (1)
- continental shelf (1)
- continuous time random walk (CTRW) (1)
- contrast (1)
- control (1)
- controlled release (1)
- cooperative goal interdependence (1)
- copolymer networks (1)
- correlation (1)
- cosmogenic burial dating (1)
- cosmogenic nuclides (1)
- coupled-cluster (1)
- couples (1)
- coupling methods (1)
- creative field (1)
- crop (1)
- cross-modal generalization (1)
- cross-modal priming (1)
- crowded fluids (1)
- crustal thickness (1)
- cryptogams (1)
- crystal structure (1)
- culture (1)
- cultures (1)
- cyclic voltammetry (1)
- cycloaddition (1)
- cyt b (1)
- cytochrome P450 17A1 (Cyp17A1) (1)
- cytokines/chemokines (1)
- cytoplasmic polyadenylation (1)
- damage estimation (1)
- dark respiration (1)
- data synthesis (1)
- data-based (1)
- database (1)
- deadwood (1)
- deaf readers (1)
- deaf-mutes (1)
- debris avalanche (1)
- debris flow (1)
- decentralization (1)
- deception (1)
- decision theory (1)
- decision tree (1)
- declarative memory (1)
- decomposition (1)
- decomposition analysis (1)
- deep-level mining (1)
- deep-sea bacterial community (1)
- degradable polyester (1)
- degradable polymers (1)
- democratic theory (1)
- demography (1)
- dendritic cells (1)
- denitrification (1)
- denudation (1)
- depression (1)
- depropriation (1)
- derivational affixes (1)
- development assistance (1)
- di(ethylene glycol) methy ether methacrylate (1)
- dialect (1)
- dielectric elastomer (1)
- dielectric spectroscopy (1)
- differential expression analysis (1)
- differential network analysis (1)
- differentiation (1)
- dike intrusion (1)
- dike-induced seismicity (1)
- dike-induced stresses (1)
- dimensional overlap (1)
- direct electrochemistry (1)
- direct speech (1)
- directed evolution (1)
- directed transport (1)
- discharge pattern (1)
- discourse comprehension (1)
- disease severity (1)
- disordered systems (theory) (1)
- dispersion (1)
- dissection (1)
- distal turbidites (1)
- distance scale (1)
- disturbance (1)
- diversification rates (1)
- division rings (1)
- docosahexaenoic acid (1)
- dolerite (1)
- dopamine (1)
- doping (1)
- drainage (1)
- drought (1)
- drug (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- dryland ecosystems (1)
- drylands (1)
- dual processing (1)
- duality formula (1)
- dust, extinction (1)
- dye (1)
- dynamic equilibrium (1)
- dynamic structure factor (1)
- eLectures (1)
- early life stress (1)
- earthquake (1)
- east Africa (1)
- echolocation (1)
- ecological niches (1)
- ecological restoration (1)
- ecology (1)
- ecosystem change (1)
- ecosystem services (1)
- educational aspirations (1)
- ego depletion (1)
- electric fields (1)
- electric fields and currents (1)
- electrochemistry (1)
- electrodes (1)
- electromagnetic imaging (1)
- electromagnetics (1)
- electromechanically active polymer (1)
- electrospinning (1)
- electrostatic interactions (1)
- elemental composition (1)
- elementary excitation (1)
- elite athletes (1)
- embedded Markov chain (1)
- embeddings (1)
- embryo (1)
- emotion (1)
- emotion recognition (1)
- emotional expression (1)
- emotional status (1)
- emotional valence (1)
- energy-metabolism (1)
- enjoyment (1)
- environmental stress response (1)
- enzyme inhibitors (1)
- enzymes (1)
- eolian dust (1)
- ephedrine/pseudoephedrine (1)
- episodic memory (1)
- equality (1)
- errata, addenda (1)
- error avoidance (1)
- eta forms (1)
- ethnic identity (1)
- evaluative priming (1)
- evenness (1)
- evolution (1)
- exercise intervention (1)
- exercise prescription (1)
- exercise stress test (1)
- experiment (1)
- experimental evaluation (1)
- exploitation (1)
- exposure (1)
- external ambiguity (1)
- extinct species (1)
- extinction (1)
- extreme temperature events (1)
- eye movement (1)
- eye tracking (1)
- eye-movements (1)
- face morphing (1)
- facial feedback (1)
- faking (1)
- family ethnic socialization (1)
- fashion design (1)
- fecundity (1)
- fertilization (1)
- fff (1)
- fibers (1)
- fiction (1)
- fides (1)
- films (1)
- filosofía sensualista (1)
- financing scheme (1)
- fine fraction (1)
- first passage (1)
- first trimester (1)
- fitness-maximization (1)
- flood risk (1)
- flood risk analysis (1)
- floodplain (1)
- flow (1)
- flow photolysis (1)
- flower development (1)
- fluctuation forces (1)
- fluctuation relations (1)
- fluid shells (1)
- fluid-induced seismicity (1)
- fluorescent probes (1)
- fluorescent reporter (1)
- focus (1)
- focus sensitivity (1)
- food quality (1)
- food webs (1)
- forest management (1)
- forestREplot (1)
- formal argumentation systems (1)
- formal power series (1)
- formal syntax (1)
- forms of government (1)
- fovea (1)
- frequency analysis (1)
- freshwater sharks (1)
- functional capacity (1)
- functional languages (1)
- functional magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- functional traits (1)
- functions (1)
- functions of Presidency (1)
- gait speed (1)
- galactosylceramide (1)
- galaxies: ISM (1)
- galaxies: Seyfert (1)
- galaxies: active-galaxies: individual: PMN J0948+0022 (1)
- galaxies: clusters: individual (47 Tucanae) (1)
- galaxies: distances and redshifts (1)
- galaxies: individual (Hydra II) (1)
- galaxies: individual (Markarian 501) (1)
- galaxies: individual: AM1353-272 B (1)
- galaxies: individual: LMC (1)
- galaxies: individual: SMC (1)
- galaxies: nuclei (1)
- galaxies:active (1)
- game browsing (1)
- garnet (1)
- gas sensing (1)
- gels (1)
- gender differences (1)
- gender gap (1)
- gene coexpression (1)
- gene duplication (1)
- gene regulation (1)
- gene regulatory networks (1)
- gene-expression (1)
- general practitioners (1)
- genetics (1)
- genome evolution (1)
- geochronology (1)
- germanistische Liguistik (1)
- gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (1)
- gestures (1)
- givenness (1)
- glacier melt (1)
- global change (1)
- global markets (1)
- global spread (1)
- global warming (1)
- globular clusters: general (1)
- glutamate (1)
- glutamine (1)
- glutathione (1)
- glycaemic control (1)
- glycal (1)
- glycolipids (1)
- gold (1)
- government-formation (1)
- grain size (1)
- graphitization (1)
- grassland management (1)
- grasslands (1)
- grazing (1)
- griechische Geschichtsschreibung (1)
- grounded cognition (1)
- groundwater age (1)
- groundwater-surface water interaction (1)
- growth adaptation (1)
- growth regulation (1)
- growth strata (1)
- guilt (1)
- habitat type (1)
- hallervorden-spatz-syndrome (1)
- helium-4 (1)
- heme proteins (1)
- heritage language (1)
- high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (1)
- hillslopes (1)
- history and philosophy of astronomy (1)
- hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (1)
- hominin (1)
- hopelessness (1)
- hopf-bifurcation (1)
- human evolution (1)
- human evolutionary genetics (1)
- human life in nature, society, and history (1)
- human sulfite oxidase (1)
- humanitarian organisations (1)
- hybridisation capture (1)
- hydrocarbon field (1)
- hydroclimatology (1)
- hydrogels (1)
- hydrogen bonding (1)
- hydrogen-2 (1)
- hydrological modeling (1)
- hydrometric network design (1)
- hydrophilic-to-lipophilic balance (1)
- hydrostatic atmosphere (1)
- hydrostatic pressure (1)
- hyperechogenicities (1)
- hypoechogenicities (1)
- hyponasty (1)
- iCheck (1)
- ideological congruence (1)
- immersive 3D geovisualization (1)
- impact loading (1)
- impacts (1)
- imperialist dogma (1)
- implicit association test (IAT) (1)
- implicit prosody (1)
- in-stream gravel bar (1)
- inclination shallowing (1)
- independence goals (1)
- index (1)
- indirect speech (1)
- indirect tests (1)
- individual-based (1)
- induced seismicity (1)
- inference (1)
- infinitival patterns (1)
- informal logic (1)
- information and communication technology (1)
- information source (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- injury risk (1)
- innate number sense (1)
- insect-like AANAT (1)
- instability (1)
- institutional changes (1)
- institutional design (1)
- institutional reforms (1)
- insulin (1)
- integration cost (1)
- integrins (1)
- interactions (1)
- interfaces (1)
- interference pattern (1)
- intergovernmental setting (1)
- intermolecular interactions (1)
- intermontane valleys (1)
- internal ambiguity (1)
- internalizing problems (1)
- intervention (1)
- inundation (1)
- inverse micelles (1)
- inverse problem (1)
- inversion (1)
- islam (1)
- islands as model systems (1)
- isokinetic (1)
- isometric-eccentric force (1)
- isotope ecology (1)
- joint Simon effect (1)
- juku (1)
- jump (1)
- justice (1)
- ketones (1)
- kidney dysfunction (1)
- kinetic theory (1)
- knee joint angle (1)
- knickpoints (1)
- kognitive Aktivierung (1)
- lactams (1)
- land degradation (1)
- land use change (1)
- land-use (1)
- land-use change (1)
- land-use intensity (1)
- language and abstraction (1)
- large for gestational age fetus (LGA) (1)
- last glacial maximum (1)
- leaf development (1)
- leaf wax (1)
- learning success (1)
- lengua hablada (1)
- lenguaje de signos (1)
- lenguaje y abstracción (1)
- lesion studies (1)
- licences (1)
- life form (1)
- light acclimation (1)
- light-field camera (1)
- light-induced DNA de-compaction (1)
- light-induced mass transport (1)
- linagliptin (1)
- lines of defense (1)
- linguistic rhythm (1)
- lipase release (1)
- liposomes (1)
- literature review (1)
- lobbying (1)
- local governments (1)
- localized flooding (1)
- low light stress conditions (1)
- low-carbon economy (1)
- low-grade metamorphism (1)
- lysine dendron (1)
- m-commerce (1)
- mAb (1)
- macrophage subsets (1)
- magmatic underplating (1)
- magnetic fabric (1)
- magnetic nanoparticles (1)
- magnetic reconnection (1)
- magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1)
- magnetoconvection (1)
- mainstreaming (1)
- majority rule (1)
- maleimide (1)
- mammalian-cells (1)
- management analysis (1)
- mantle convection (1)
- marine ice-sheet instability (1)
- marine mammal (1)
- mass exchange (1)
- maternal environmental effects (1)
- math disability (1)
- mathematical cognition (1)
- maximum magnitude (1)
- maximum temperature (1)
- mean load (1)
- mechano-chemical coupling and thermodynamic efficiency (1)
- media choice (1)
- media use (1)
- media violence (1)
- medial prefrontal cortex (1)
- memantine (1)
- membrane fatty acids (1)
- membranes (1)
- memory studies (1)
- mental arithmetic (1)
- mental imagery (1)
- mental retardation (1)
- mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- mesic grasslands (1)
- messenger-rna polyadenylation (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- metabolic networks (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- metagenomics (1)
- metal coordination (1)
- metal-free crosslinking (1)
- metastability (1)
- meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (1)
- methods: data analysis (1)
- miRNA (1)
- microbial communities (1)
- microbial diversity (1)
- microbiomics (1)
- microchannel (1)
- microgels (1)
- micronutrient deficiencies (1)
- microparticles (1)
- middle childhood (1)
- midlatitude nighttime magnetic fluctuation (1)
- migration (1)
- mild cognitive impairment (1)
- mimicry (1)
- mind wandering (1)
- minerals (1)
- mixed quantum-classical methodology (1)
- mobile commerce research (1)
- mobility (1)
- mobility disability (1)
- mobility-mass spectrometry (1)
- modal verbs (1)
- modality (1)
- model development (1)
- modernity (1)
- modest approach (1)
- molecular and Brownian motors (1)
- molecular modeling (1)
- molecular structure (1)
- molecularly imprinted electropolymers (1)
- molten sulfur (1)
- monolayers (1)
- mood disorder (1)
- moral disengagement (1)
- morphological divergence (1)
- morphometrics (1)
- morphosyntax (1)
- morphotypes (1)
- motherhood (1)
- motor resonance (1)
- motor system (1)
- motor units (1)
- mouse lethality assay (1)
- movement (1)
- mowing (1)
- mozart effect (1)
- mtDNA (1)
- multi-level correlates (1)
- multi-locus data (1)
- multi-scaling (1)
- multiblock copolymer (1)
- multidiversity (1)
- multifunctional polymers (1)
- multifunctionality (1)
- multilevel modelling (1)
- multimodal cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- multiobjective calibration (1)
- multiscale dynamics (1)
- multitrophic interactions (1)
- multivariate regression (1)
- muscle action (1)
- muscle development (1)
- muscle synergy (1)
- museum specimens (1)
- muslim (1)
- mussel byssus (1)
- n-Alkane (1)
- n-alkanes (1)
- nAChR (1)
- nano-object motion (1)
- nanocomposites (1)
- nanoparticle characterization (1)
- nanoparticles (1)
- nanoreactor (1)
- nanostructures (1)
- narcissism (1)
- natural gas (1)
- natural rights (1)
- network of plant invasion (1)
- neural differentiation (1)
- neurodegeneration (1)
- neuroenhancement (1)
- neuroleptics (1)
- neuropsychology (1)
- neurotoxicity (1)
- next generation sequencing (1)
- next generation sequencing (NGS) (1)
- nighttime MSTID (1)
- nociceptors (1)
- noise (1)
- non-dissipative regularisations (1)
- non-equilibrium (1)
- non-fluent aphasia (1)
- non-native speakers (1)
- non-probability samples (1)
- nondestructive testing (1)
- nonlinear Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique (1)
- nonsymmetric linear-systems (1)
- normative beliefs (1)
- nuclear norm (1)
- nucleation polymerization (1)
- number (1)
- numeracy training (1)
- numerical relativity (1)
- o-ambiguity (1)
- oak tree (1)
- object-based image analysis (1)
- observation (1)
- offscraping (1)
- older adults (1)
- oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (1)
- oligospiroketals (1)
- one-pot reaction (1)
- onset (1)
- open clusters and associations: general (1)
- open clusters and associations: individual: Trapezium cluster (1)
- operational momentum (1)
- optical spectra (1)
- optimism (1)
- optogenetics (1)
- orality (1)
- organizational behavior (1)
- orientational memory (1)
- oroclinal bending (1)
- orogenic processes (1)
- osteogenic differentiation (1)
- outbreak (1)
- outcome quality (1)
- outflows (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- oxygen (1)
- oxygen evolution (1)
- oxygen heterocycles (1)
- oxygenation (1)
- p-Aminophenol (1)
- pH responsive hydrogel (1)
- pain (1)
- palaeoclimatology (1)
- palaeogenetics (1)
- paleo-erosion rates (1)
- paleoenvironment (1)
- paleomagnetism (1)
- paleomagnetism and rock magnetism (1)
- paleomagnetism applied to tectonics (1)
- paleophysiology (1)
- paleoreservoir age (1)
- palmitic acid (1)
- palmitoylation (1)
- para-Nitro-pyridine N-oxides (1)
- parafoveal (1)
- parafoveal processing (1)
- parafoveal vision (1)
- parchment (1)
- parental separation (1)
- partial coherence (1)
- particle-associated and free-living bacteria (1)
- passive seismic monitoring (1)
- path integration (1)
- peak discharge (1)
- peak workload duration (1)
- peptide mimotopes (1)
- perception of contrast (1)
- perceptual span (1)
- performance measurement (1)
- performance prediction (1)
- peripheral anionic site (1)
- peroxides (1)
- perpetration (1)
- personality (1)
- personality disorder (1)
- personnel policy (1)
- pgm (1)
- phase diagram (1)
- phenology (1)
- philosophical anthropology, anthropological philosophy, unfathomability of humans (1)
- phosphate (1)
- phosphorus (1)
- phosphorylase (1)
- photocatalysis (1)
- photocurrent (1)
- photodynamic therapy (1)
- photoelectrochemistry (1)
- photonic crystals (1)
- photopolymerization (1)
- photosynthesis (1)
- phylogenetic diversity (1)
- phylogenomics (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- physical SRB measures (1)
- physical activity (1)
- phytoplankton (1)
- piezophilic bacteria (1)
- piggyback basin (1)
- plan oblique relief (1)
- planetary nebulae: general (1)
- planetary nebulae: individual (A78) (1)
- planetary rings (1)
- plant development (1)
- plant growth (1)
- plant population and community dynamics (1)
- plant specialized metabolism (1)
- plant volatiles (1)
- plant-plant interactions (1)
- platelets (1)
- platinum (1)
- pneumatic force measuring system (1)
- pollen mapping (1)
- pollination syndrome (1)
- pollinator shift (1)
- poly(a)-binding protein (1)
- poly[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide] (1)
- polycystic kidney disease (1)
- polydepsipeptide (1)
- polyesterurethanes (1)
- polymer chains (1)
- polymersomes (1)
- polypeptoid (1)
- polysaccharides (1)
- polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (1)
- population (1)
- population density (1)
- population dynamics (1)
- population genomics (1)
- populations (1)
- porphyrins (1)
- portfolio-based solving (1)
- positive selection (1)
- potassium (1)
- power training (1)
- pragmaticalisation (1)
- prediction (1)
- prediction error (1)
- preferential flow (1)
- premise acceptability (1)
- pressure chamber (1)
- presupposition (1)
- prices (1)
- primary microcephaly (1)
- principle (1)
- principles of therapy (1)
- proactive aggression (1)
- probabilistic discrimination (1)
- processing (1)
- processing of auditory nonverbal stimuli (1)
- production network (1)
- production of contrast (1)
- profiling (1)
- programmable adhesion (1)
- programmed cell death (1)
- proliferation (1)
- propargyl (1)
- properties (1)
- propidium (1)
- prosocial behavior (1)
- prostate cancer (1)
- protein microheterogeneity (1)
- protein structure (1)
- protein structures (1)
- protein-protein interactions (1)
- proteomics (1)
- pseudospectral method (1)
- psychological well-being (1)
- psychology (1)
- public discourse (1)
- public management issues (1)
- pulsars: general (1)
- pulsars: individual (PSR J0633+1746, Geminga) (1)
- pulsed climate variability framework (1)
- pyrene excimer (1)
- qPCR (1)
- quadriceps (1)
- quality assurance (1)
- quantifier-spreading (1)
- quantum electrodynamics (1)
- quantum gas (1)
- quasiconformal mapping (1)
- questionnaire (1)
- racism by proxy (1)
- radiation mechanisms: nonthermal (1)
- radiation: dynamics (1)
- radical addition (1)
- rainfall partitioning (1)
- random walks (1)
- randomly forced Duffing equation (1)
- rapid variations (1)
- reactive aggression (1)
- reactive oxygen species (1)
- reactive transport model (1)
- real arguments (1)
- real-time rendering (1)
- rearrangement (1)
- reciprocal class (1)
- red list (1)
- referential coding (1)
- referential context (1)
- regimes (1)
- regression tree (1)
- regular and singular inverse Sturm-Liouville problems (1)
- regular exercise training (1)
- regular language (1)
- regularization method (1)
- rehabilitation outcome (1)
- rejection sensitivity (1)
- relatedness (1)
- relational aggression (1)
- relationship conflict (1)
- relative clause (1)
- relativistic processes (1)
- release mechanism (1)
- relevance (1)
- relief map (1)
- remediation (1)
- reorientation (1)
- replication (1)
- reproducibility (1)
- reproduction (1)
- reservoir characterization (1)
- resistance training (1)
- resource use efficiency (1)
- responsive materials (1)
- responsive polymers (1)
- resting state (1)
- retention (1)
- retinol (ROH) (1)
- reversible bidirectional shape-memory polymer (1)
- review (1)
- rifting (1)
- right inferior frontal gyrus (1)
- ring opening polymerization (1)
- ring-opening polymerization (1)
- rise-fall contour (1)
- river terraces (1)
- river transport (1)
- rock and mineral magnetism (1)
- rock magnetism (1)
- rock strength (1)
- rock uplift (1)
- rock-paper-scissors game (1)
- rod-cone dystrophy (1)
- role congruity theory (1)
- rotation (1)
- saccades (1)
- salicylic acid (1)
- salinity gradient (1)
- salt-and-pepper (1)
- scaled Brownian motion (1)
- scene perception (1)
- school attack (1)
- school attacks (1)
- school shooting (1)
- seafloor sediment failure (1)
- seasons (1)
- second language (1)
- secondary publication (1)
- sediment storage (1)
- sediment thickness (1)
- sedimentary contact (1)
- seed (1)
- segregating oceanic crust (1)
- seismic hazard (1)
- seismicity (1)
- selective exposure (1)
- selective syntheses (1)
- self-control (1)
- self-efficacy (1)
- self-employment (1)
- self-esteem (1)
- self-paced reading (1)
- self-regulation (1)
- semantic-congruency task (1)
- semantics (1)
- senescence (1)
- sensing skin (1)
- sensors (1)
- sensory neurons (1)
- sensualist philosophy (1)
- sentence processing (1)
- sentence production (1)
- sentence reading (1)
- serum amyloid A (SAA) (1)
- serum retinol binding protein (RBP4) (1)
- sex ratio (1)
- sexual deception (SD) (1)
- sexual selection (1)
- sexual victimisation (1)
- shadow education (1)
- shallow groundwater tables (1)
- shape-memory effect (1)
- shape-memory polymer (1)
- sheep (1)
- sign language (1)
- signal detection (1)
- silica nanoparticles (1)
- silicone (1)
- simple majoritarianism (1)
- simulation-based (1)
- singlet oxygen (1)
- skeletochronology (1)
- skinfold thickness (1)
- sleep apnoea (1)
- sleep-disordered breathing (1)
- small noise asymptotic (1)
- snow (1)
- sociability (1)
- social cognitive career theory (1)
- social participation (1)
- social referencing (1)
- social rejection (1)
- social support (1)
- socio-semiotics (1)
- soft elastomeric capacitor (1)
- soft-templating (1)
- soil organic carbon (1)
- soil organic matter (1)
- soil parameters (1)
- soil texture (1)
- solid-phase extraction (1)
- solid-phase peptide synthesis (1)
- solid-state NMR (1)
- soluble heteroglycans (1)
- solvent vapor annealing (1)
- sordomudos (1)
- source parameters (1)
- spatial metaphors (1)
- spatial numerical associations (1)
- spatial response coding (1)
- spatial statistics (1)
- spatial-nunmerical association (1)
- spatiotemporal resurvey data (1)
- speciation (1)
- species interaction network (1)
- species radiation (1)
- species richness (1)
- specificity factor (1)
- spectroelectrochemistry (1)
- spectroscopic ellipsometry (1)
- speech pathology (1)
- speech perception (1)
- speed (1)
- sphingolipids (1)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) (1)
- spider mites (1)
- spray imaging (1)
- stability (1)
- stable carbon (1)
- stable isotopes (1)
- stable limit cycle (1)
- stable nitrogen (1)
- staff turnover (1)
- standard (1)
- stars: emission-line, Be (1)
- stars: individual (Delta Ori) (1)
- stars: individual (QV Nor, 4U1538+52) (1)
- stars: individual (WR 6) (1)
- stars: individual (delta Ori A) (1)
- stars: individual (gamma Cassiopeiae) (1)
- stars: individual: 1FGL J1018.6-5856 (1)
- stars: individual: CPD-28 degrees 2561 (1)
- stars: individual: HD 23478 (1)
- stars: individual: HD 345439 (1)
- stars: individual: HD 54879 (1)
- stars: individual: Vega (1)
- stars: individual: X1908+075 (1)
- stars: individual: beta CMa (1)
- stars: individual: epsilon CMa (1)
- stars: low-mass (1)
- stars: luminosity function, mass function (1)
- stars: oscillations (1)
- stars: rotation (1)
- stars: statistics (1)
- stars: variables: RR Lyrae (1)
- stars: winds (1)
- starspots (1)
- static stress change (1)
- statistical model selection (1)
- stem cell (1)
- stemflow (1)
- stent coatings (1)
- steppe soils (1)
- stimuli-sensitive polymers (1)
- stochastic Marcus (canonical) differential equation (1)
- stochastic thermodynamics (1)
- storage cost (1)
- streamflow (1)
- strength (1)
- stress adaptation (1)
- stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- structural health monitoring (1)
- student survey (1)
- subcutaneous adipose tissue (1)
- submarine permafrost (1)
- sufficiency (1)
- sugar amino acids (1)
- supervisor support (1)
- surface functionalization (1)
- surface plasmon resonance (1)
- surface processes (1)
- surface relief grating (1)
- surface water levels (1)
- surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy (1)
- surface-initiated photopolymerization (1)
- surfactants (1)
- surgical aortic valve replacement (sAVR) (1)
- surveys (1)
- survival (1)
- suspended sediments (1)
- switzerland (1)
- syntactic parsing (1)
- syntactic processing of noncanonical sentences (1)
- synthesis (1)
- systemic response (1)
- tRNA (1)
- tabular mining (1)
- tail-length (1)
- target (1)
- target environment (1)
- target range (1)
- task conflict (1)
- teaching experience (1)
- team member alignment (1)
- team support (1)
- technical advance (1)
- techniques: image processing (1)
- technology (1)
- tectonic reconstruction (1)
- tele-teaching (1)
- tendinopathy (1)
- terpenoids (1)
- terrain map (1)
- terrestrial ecosystems (1)
- tetrapyrroles (1)
- therapy volume (1)
- thermal-convection (1)
- thermo-acoustic ultrasound emitter (1)
- thermochemical modeling (1)
- thermoresponsive (1)
- thermoresponsive polymers (1)
- thermoresponsive substrates (1)
- theticity (1)
- thiol (1)
- thiophene (1)
- three-tier approach (1)
- thrust tectonics (1)
- time series (1)
- time-series (1)
- tin-rich ITO (1)
- tipping point (1)
- tissue-specific (1)
- tolerance index (1)
- topic (1)
- torsion forms (1)
- tracing (1)
- traditional expectations (1)
- transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) (1)
- transcriptome (1)
- transcriptomics (1)
- transducer (1)
- transfer function (1)
- transgenerational plasticity (1)
- transition radiation (1)
- translation (1)
- translational control (1)
- transthyretin (TTR) (1)
- trapped surfaces (1)
- travel time distribution (1)
- treeline (1)
- trend analysis (1)
- trend detection (1)
- triggered earthquake (1)
- tropical lowland rainforest (1)
- tsunami (1)
- tumor-metastasis (1)
- turbulence (1)
- two-photon (1)
- two-photon absorption (1)
- type 2 diabetes mellitus (1)
- type-III effector (1)
- ultrasonography (1)
- ultrasound (1)
- underplating (1)
- universal quantifiers (1)
- user interaction (1)
- variational stability (1)
- vascularization (1)
- vegetation (1)
- vegetation expansion (1)
- versican (1)
- very low-low-grade metamorphism (1)
- vesicles (1)
- vibration monitoring (1)
- victim (1)
- victimization (1)
- video annotation (1)
- video games (1)
- violence (1)
- viscoelasticity and memory effects (1)
- visions of democracy (1)
- visual attention (1)
- visual culture (1)
- vitamin A deficiency (1)
- volcanic island (1)
- voting (1)
- warning sign (1)
- water quality (1)
- water stress (1)
- water/decane contact angle (1)
- waves and tides (1)
- wetlands (1)
- white adipose tissue (1)
- white dwarfs (1)
- witnessing (1)
- wood harvest (1)
- work values (1)
- working memory (1)
- yolk@shell materials (1)
- young genes (1)
- young people (1)
- zebrafish (1)
- zinc/iron supplementation (1)
- zircon fission tracks (1)
Institute
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (238)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (227)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (187)
- Institut für Chemie (173)
- Department Psychologie (78)
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft (66)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (60)
- Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften (53)
- Department Linguistik (47)
- Institut für Mathematik (47)
An alternative method for the structure tuning of carbon nitride materials by using a supramolecular approach in combination with caffeine as lining-agent is described. The self-assembly of the precursor complex consisting of melamine and cyanuric acid can be controlled by this doping molecule in terms of morphology, electronic, and photophysical properties. Caffeine is proposed to insert as an edge-molecule eventually leading to hollow tube-like carbon nitride structures with improved efficiency of charge formation. Compared to the bulk carbon nitride, the caffeine-doped analogue possesses a higher photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamineB dye. Furthermore, this approach is also shown to be suitable for the modification of carbon nitride electrodes.
The following article aims to show how the Zionist movement defined its loyalty to Zionism, Germany, and German culture, as well as its reaction to the First World War. Central to the Zionist movement was the "creation of a home for Jewish people secured by public law." This is why superficial examinations assume that for Zionists the conflicts of the European powers were important only as they affected the pursuit of their own political agendas, an impression intensified by their posture of reserve towards military service. Crucial for Zionist positions on the First World War are the discourses revolving around the relationship between German culture, patriotism, and loyalty within the movement. This project is conducted with the help of the Judische Rundschau (JR; Jewish Review), which functions as the official organ of the "Zionistische Vereinigung fur Deutschland" (ZVfD; Zionist Association of Germany).
"The greatest son of our Heimat": reading German Leichhardts across the National Socialist era
(2015)
The article discusses German commemorations of Ludwig Leichhardt (1813-1848) in the National Socialist era when officials, journalists, educators and writers, spurred by the double anniversary of the explorer's 125th birthday and the 90th anniversary of his disappearance, began to re-imagine the explorer's life and fate in the light of the ideological imperatives of the day. Our analysis of this period pays particular attention to how these reimagined Leichhardts emphasise or neglect some of the key elements that make up his story to this day, among them: Leichhardt's ethnicity; his sense of attachment to place and home; his homosocial relationships; his evasion of Prussian military service; his role in the British colonial project; and finally, his engagements with Aborigines. On the one hand, our analysis reveals, how Leichhardt was portrayed first on the local and, later, the national level in ways that increasingly sought to elide ambiguous aspects of his life and deeds. However, it also uncovers some of the ideological labour required to render him useful to the National Socialist cause. Often enough, these re-imagined Leichhardts escaped party politics, and cast up some of the logical inconsistencies and limits to key terms in National Socialist thinking.
This article investigates a public debate in Germany that put a special spotlight on the interaction of standard language ideologies with social dichotomies, centering on the question of whether Kiezdeutsch, a new way of speaking in multilingual urban neighbourhoods, is a legitimate German dialect. Based on a corpus of emails and postings to media websites, I analyse central topoi in this debate and an underlying narrative on language and identity. Central elements of this narrative are claims of cultural elevation and cultural unity for an idealised standard language High German', a view of German dialects as part of a national folk culture, and the construction of an exclusive in-group of German' speakers who own this language and its dialects. The narrative provides a potent conceptual frame for the Othering of Kiezdeutsch and its speakers, and for the projection of social and sometimes racist deliminations onto the linguistic plane.
Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) enzymes are attractive catalysts for potential carbon dioxide conversion applications. The FDH from Rhodobacter capsulatus (RcFDH) binds a bis-molybdopterin-guanine-dinucleotide (bis-MGD) cofactor, facilitating reversible formate (HCOO-) to CO2 oxidation. We characterized the molecular structure of the active site of wildtype RcFDH and protein variants using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Mo K-edge. This approach has revealed concomitant binding of a sulfido ligand (Mo=S) and a conserved cysteine residue (S(Cys386)) to Mo(VI) in the active oxidized molybdenum cofactor (Moco), retention of such a coordination motif at Mo(V) in a chemically reduced enzyme, and replacement of only the S(Cys386) ligand by an oxygen of formate upon Mo(IV) formation. The lack of a Mo=S bond in RcFDH expressed in the absence of FdsC implies specific metal sulfuration by this bis-MGD binding chaperone. This process still functioned in the Cys386Ser variant, showing no Mo-S(Cys386) ligand, but retaining a Mo=S bond. The C386S variant and the protein expressed without FdsC were inactive in formate oxidation, supporting that both Moligands are essential for catalysis. Low-pH inhibition of RcFDH was attributed to protonation at the conserved His387, supported by the enhanced activity of the His387Met variant at low pH, whereas inactive cofactor species showed sulfido-to-oxo group exchange at the Mo ion. Our results support that the sulfido and S(Cys386) ligands at Mo and a hydrogen-bonded network including His387 are crucial for positioning, deprotonation, and oxidation of formate during the reaction cycle of RcFDH.
Lobelia tupa, also called devil's tobacco, is a native plant from the center-south of Chile which has been used by the native people of Chile as a hallucinogenic and anesthetic plant. A new piperidine alkaloid, called pentylsedinine, which comprises five carbons in the side chain, was isolated from the aerial part of L. tupa, along with lobeline and lobelanidine. The structure was established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. While lobeline is a neutral antagonist at alpha 3 beta 2/alpha 3 beta 4 nAChR and alpha 7 nAChR, both lobelanidine and pentylsedinine act as partial agonists at nAChR
1 + 2 is more than 2 + 1: Violations of commutativity and identity axioms in mental arithmetic
(2015)
Over the past decade or so, a large number of studies have revealed that conceptual meaning is sensitive to situational context. More recently, similar contextual influences have been documented in the domain of number knowledge. Here we show such context dependency in a length production task. Adult participants saw single digit addition problems of the form n1 + n2 and produced the sum by changing bi-directionally the length of a horizontally extended line, using radially arranged buttons. We found that longer lines were produced when n1 < n2 compared to n1 > n2 and that unit size increased with result size. Thus, the mathematical axioms of commutativity and identity do not seem to hold in mental addition. We discuss implications of these observations for our understanding of cognitive mechanisms involved in mental arithmetic and for situated cognition generally.
The complete H-1 and C-13 NMR chemical shifts assignment for various 2-substituted and 2,2-disubstituted adamantane derivatives 1-38 in CDCl3 solution was realized on the basis of NMR experiments combined with chemical structure information and DFT-GIAO (B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)-GIAO) calculations of chemical shifts in solution. Substituent-induced C-13 NMR chemical shifts (SCS) are discussed. C-H-ax center dot center dot center dot Y-ax contacts are a textbook prototype of steric hindrance in organic chemistry. The nature of these contacts will be further investigated in this work on basis of new adamantane derivatives, which are substituted at C-2 to provide models for 1,4-C-H-ax center dot center dot center dot Y-ax and 1,5-C-H-ax center dot center dot center dot Y-ax contacts. The B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) calculations predicted the presence of NBO hyperconjugative attractive interactions between C-H-ax and Y-ax groups along C-H-ax center dot center dot center dot Y-ax contacts. The H-1 NMR signal separation, Delta delta(gamma-CH2), reflects the strength of the H-bonded C-H-ax center dot center dot center dot Y-ax contact. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
We present spectral classifications from optical spectroscopy of 263 massive stars in the north-eastern region of the Large Magellanic Cloud. The observed two-degree field includes the massive 30 Doradus star-forming region, the environs of SN1987A, and a number of star-forming complexes to the south of 30 Dor. These are the first classifications for the majority (203) of the stars and include eleven double-lined spectroscopic binaries. The sample also includes the first examples of early OC-type spectra (AA Omega 30 Dor 248 and 280), distinguished by the weakness of their nitrogen spectra and by C IV lambda 4658 emission. We propose that these stars have relatively unprocessed CNO abundances compared to morphologically normal O-type stars, indicative of an earlier evolutionary phase. From analysis of observations obtained on two consecutive nights, we present radial-velocity estimates for 233 stars, finding one apparent single-lined binary and nine (>3 sigma) outliers compared to the systemic velocity; the latter objects could be runaway stars or large-amplitude binary systems and further spectroscopy is required to investigate their nature.
Flow phenomena in the unsaturated zone are highly variable in time and space. Thus, it is challenging to measure and monitor such processes under field conditions. Here, we present a new setup and interpretation approach for combining a dye tracer experiment with a 4D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey. Therefore, we designed a rainfall experiment during which we measured three surface-based 3D GPR surveys using a pair of 500 MHz antennas. Such a survey setup requires accurate acquisition and processing techniquesto extract time-lapse information supporting the interpretation of selected cross-sections photographed after excavating the site. Our results reveal patterns of traveltime changes in the measured GPR data, which are associated with soil moisture changes. As distinct horizons are present at our site, such changes can be quantified and transferred into changes in total soil moisture content. Our soil moisture estimates are similar to the amount of infiltrated water, which confirms our experimental approach and makes us confident for further developing this strategy, especially, with respect to improving the temporal and spatial resolution. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Timing and magnitude of surface uplift are key to understanding the impact of crustal deformation and topographic growth on atmospheric circulation, environmental conditions, and surface processes. Uplift of the East African Plateau is linked to mantle processes, but paleoaltimetry data are too scarce to constrain plateau evolution and subsequent vertical motions associated with rifting. Here, we assess the paleotopographic implications of a beaked whale fossil (Ziphiidae) from the Turkana region of Kenya found 740 km inland from the present-day coastline of the Indian Ocean at an elevation of 620 m. The specimen is similar to 17 My old and represents the oldest derived beaked whale known, consistent with molecular estimates of the emergence of modern straptoothed whales (Mesoplodon). The whale traveled from the Indian Ocean inland along an eastward-directed drainage system controlled by the Cretaceous Anza Graben and was stranded slightly above sea level. Surface uplift from near sea level coincides with paleoclimatic change from a humid environment to highly variable and much drier conditions, which altered biotic communities and drove evolution in east Africa, including that of primates.
One of the fundamental challenges in anti-doping is identifying athletes who use, or are at risk of using, prohibited performance enhancing substances. The growing trend to employ a forensic approach to doping control aims to integrate information from social sciences (e.g., psychology of doping) into organised intelligence to protect clean sport. Beyond the foreseeable consequences of a positive identification as a doping user, this task is further complicated by the discrepancy between what constitutes a doping offence in the World Anti-Doping Code and operationalized in doping research. Whilst psychology plays an important role in developing our understanding of doping behaviour in order to inform intervention and prevention, its contribution to the array of doping diagnostic tools is still in its infancy. In both research and forensic settings, we must acknowledge that (1) socially desirable responding confounds self-reported psychometric test results and (2) that the cognitive complexity surrounding test performance means that the response-time based measures and the lie detector tests for revealing concealed life-events (e.g., doping use) are prone to produce false or non-interpretable outcomes in field settings. Differences in social-cognitive characteristics of doping behaviour that are tested at group level (doping users vs. non-users) cannot be extrapolated to individuals; nor these psychometric measures used for individual diagnostics. In this paper, we present a position statement calling for policy guidance on appropriate use of psychometric assessments in the pursuit of clean sport. We argue that, to date, both self-reported and response-time based psychometric tests for doping have been designed, tested and validated to explore how athletes feel and think about doping in order to develop a better understanding of doping behaviour, not to establish evidence for doping. A false 'positive' psychological profile for doping affects not only the individual 'clean' athlete but also their entourage, their organisation and sport itself. The proposed policy guidance aims to protect the global athletic community against social, ethical and legal consequences from potential misuse of psychological tests, including erroneous or incompetent applications as forensic diagnostic tools in both practice and research. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Oxidative stress causes dramatic changes in the expression levels of many genes. The formation of a functional protein through successful mRNA translation is central to a coordinated cellular response. To what extent the response towards reactive oxygen species (ROS) is regulated at the translational level is poorly understood. Here we analysed leaf- and tissue-specific translatomes using a set of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing a FLAG-tagged ribosomal protein to immunopurify polysome-bound mRNAs before and after oxidative stress. We determined transcript levels of 171 ROS-responsive genes upon paraquat treatment, which causes formation of superoxide radicals, at the whole-organ level. Furthermore, the translation of mRNAs was determined for five cell types: mesophyll, bundle sheath, phloem companion, epidermal and guard cells. Mesophyll and bundle sheath cells showed the strongest response to paraquat treatment. Interestingly, several ROS-responsive transcription factors displayed cell type-specific translation patterns, while others were translated in all cell types. In part, cell type-specific translation could be explained by the length of the 5-untranslated region (5-UTR) and the presence of upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Our analysis reveals insights into the translational regulation of ROS-responsive genes, which is important to understanding cell-specific responses and functions during oxidative stress.
The study illustrates the response of different Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cells and tissues to oxidative stress at the translational level, an aspect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) biology that has been little studied in the past. Our data reveal insights into how translational regulation of ROS-responsive genes is fine-tuned at the cellular level, a phenomenon contributing to the integrated physiological response of leaves to stresses involving changes in ROS levels.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful tool for probing the local chemical environment of atoms near surfaces. When applied to soft matter, such as polymers, XPS spectra are frequently shifted and broadened due to thermal atom motion and by interchain interactions. We present a combined quantum mechanical QM/molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of X-ray photoelectron spectra of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using oligomer models in order to account for and quantify these effects on the XPS (C1s) signal. In our study, molecular dynamics at finite temperature were performed with a classical forcefield and by ab initio MD (AIMD) using the Car-Parrinello method. Snapshots along, the trajectories represent possible conformers and/or neighbouring environments, with different C1s ionization potentials for individual C atoms leading to broadened XPS peaks. The latter are determined by Delta-Kohn Sham calculations. We also examine the experimental practice of gauging XPS (C1s) signals of alkylic C-atoms in C-containing polymers to the C1s signal of polyethylene.
We find that (i) the experimental XPS (C1s) spectra of PVA (position and width) can be roughly represented by single-strand models, (ii) interchain interactions lead to red-shifts of the XPS peaks by about 0.6 eV, and (iii) AIMD simulations match the findings from classical MD semi-quantitatively. Further, (iv) the gauging procedure of XPS (C1s) signals to the values of PE, introduces errors of about 0.5 eV. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Land-use concepts provide decision support for the most efficient usage options according to sustainable development and multifunctionality requirements. However, developments in landscape-related, agricultural production schemes are primarily driven by economic benefits. Therefore, most agricultural land-use concepts tackle particular problems or interests and lack a systemic perspective. As a result, we discuss a conceptual model for future site-specific agricultural land-use with an inbuilt requirement for adequate experimental sites to enable monitoring systems for a new generation of ecosystem models and for new approaches to address science-stakeholder interactions.
The Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) has become a popular metric for evaluating improvement in disease prediction models through the past years. The concept is relatively straightforward but usage and interpretation has been different across studies. While no thresholds exist for evaluating the degree of improvement, many studies have relied solely on the significance of the NRI estimate. However, recent studies recommend that statistical testing with the NRI should be avoided. We propose using confidence ellipses around the estimated values of event and non-event NRIs which might provide the best measure of variability around the point estimates. Our developments are illustrated using practical examples from EPIC-Potsdam study.
We present an overview of four deep phase-constrained Chandra HETGS X-ray observations of delta Ori A. Delta Ori A is actually a triple system that includes the nearest massive eclipsing spectroscopic binary, delta Ori Aa, the only such object that can be observed with little phase-smearing with the Chandra gratings. Since the fainter star, delta Ori Aa2, has a much lower X-ray luminosity than the brighter primary (delta Ori Aa1), delta Ori Aa provides a unique system with which to test the spatial distribution of the X-ray emitting gas around delta Ori Aa1 via occultation by the photosphere of, and wind cavity around, the X-ray dark secondary. Here we discuss the X-ray spectrum and X-ray line profiles for the combined observation, having an exposure time of nearly 500 ks and covering nearly the entire binary orbit. The companion papers discuss the X-ray variability seen in the Chandra spectra, present new space-based photometry and ground-based radial velocities obtained simultaneously with the X-ray data to better constrain the system parameters, and model the effects of X-rays on the optical and UV spectra. We find that the X-ray emission is dominated by embedded wind shock emission from star Aa1, with little contribution from the tertiary star Ab or the shocked gas produced by the collision of the wind of Aa1 against the surface of Aa2. We find a similar temperature distribution to previous X-ray spectrum analyses. We also show that the line half-widths are about 0.3-0.5 times the terminal velocity of the wind of star Aa1. We find a strong anti-correlation between line widths and the line excitation energy, which suggests that longer-wavelength, lower-temperature lines form farther out in the wind. Our analysis also indicates that the ratio of the intensities of the strong and weak lines of Fe XVII and Ne X are inconsistent with model predictions, which may be an effect of resonance scattering.
We present time-resolved and phase-resolved variability studies of an extensive X-ray high-resolution spectral data set of the delta Ori Aa binary system. The four observations, obtained with Chandra ACIS HETGS, have a total exposure time of approximate to 479 ks and provide nearly complete binary phase coverage. Variability of the total X-ray flux in the range of 5-25 is is confirmed, with a maximum amplitude of about +/- 15% within a single approximate to 125 ks observation. Periods of 4.76 and 2.04 days are found in the total X-ray flux, as well as an apparent overall increase in the flux level throughout the nine-day observational campaign. Using 40 ks contiguous spectra derived from the original observations, we investigate the variability of emission line parameters and ratios. Several emission lines are shown to be variable, including S XV, Si XIII, and Ne IX. For the first time, variations of the X-ray emission line widths as a function of the binary phase are found in a binary system, with the smallest widths at phi = 0.0 when the secondary delta Ori Aa2 is at the inferior conjunction. Using 3D hydrodynamic modeling of the interacting winds, we relate the emission line width variability to the presence of a wind cavity created by a wind-wind collision, which is effectively void of embedded wind shocks and is carved out of the X-ray-producing primary wind, thus producing phase-locked X-ray variability.
We report on both high-precision photometry from the Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars (MOST) space telescope and ground-based spectroscopy of the triple system delta Ori A, consisting of a binary O9.5II+early-B (Aa1 and Aa2) with P = 5.7 days, and a more distant tertiary (O9 IV P > 400 years). This data was collected in concert with X-ray spectroscopy from the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Thanks to continuous coverage for three weeks, the MOST light curve reveals clear eclipses between Aa1 and Aa2 for the first time in non-phased data. From the spectroscopy, we have a well-constrained radial velocity (RV) curve of Aa1. While we are unable to recover RV variations of the secondary star, we are able to constrain several fundamental parameters of this system and determine an approximate mass of the primary using apsidal motion. We also detected second order modulations at 12 separate frequencies with spacings indicative of tidally influenced oscillations. These spacings have never been seen in a massive binary, making this system one of only a handful of such binaries that show evidence for tidally induced pulsations.
Eclipsing systems of massive stars allow one to explore the properties of their components in great detail. We perform a multi-wavelength, non-LTE analysis of the three components of the massive multiple system delta Ori A, focusing on the fundamental stellar properties, stellar winds, and X-ray characteristics of the system. The primary's distance-independent parameters turn out to be characteristic for its spectral type (O9.5 II), but usage of the Hipparcos parallax yields surprisingly low values for the mass, radius, and luminosity. Consistent values follow only if delta Ori lies at about twice the Hipparcos distance, in the vicinity of the sigma-Orionis cluster. The primary and tertiary dominate the spectrum and leave the secondary only marginally detectable. We estimate the V-band magnitude difference between primary and secondary to be Delta V approximate to 2.(m)8. The inferred parameters suggest that the secondary is an early B-type dwarf (approximate to B1 V), while the tertiary is an early B-type subgiant (approximate to B0 IV). We find evidence for rapid turbulent velocities (similar to 200 km s(-1)) and wind inhomogeneities, partially optically thick, in the primary's wind. The bulk of the X-ray emission likely emerges from the primary's stellar wind (logL(X)/L-Bol approximate to -6.85), initiating close to the stellar surface at R-0 similar to 1.1 R-*. Accounting for clumping, the mass-loss rate of the primary is found to be log (M) over dot approximate to -6.4 (M-circle dot yr(-1))., which agrees with hydrodynamic predictions, and provides a consistent picture along the X-ray, UV, optical, and radio spectral domains.
In this study we investigate a dayside, midlatitude plasma depletion (DMLPD) encountered on 22 May 2014 by the Swarm and GRACE satellites, as well as ground-based instruments. The DMLPD was observed near Puerto Rico by Swarm near 10 LT under quiet geomagnetic conditions at altitudes of 475-520 km and magnetic latitudes of similar to 25 degrees-30 degrees. The DMLPD was also revealed in total electron content observations by the Saint Croix station and by the GRACE satellites (430 km) near 16 LT and near the same geographic location. The unique Swarm constellation enables the horizontal tilt of the DMLPD to be measured (35 degrees clockwise from the geomagnetic east-west direction). Ground-based airglow images at Arecibo showed no evidence for plasma density depletions during the night prior to this dayside event. The C/NOFS equatorial satellite showed evidence for very modest plasma density depletions that had rotated into the morningside from nightside. However, the equatorial depletions do not appear related to the DMLPD, for which the magnetic apex height is about 2500 km. The origins of the DMLPD are unknown, but may be related to gravity waves.
We present an experimental approach to study the three-dimensional microstructure of gas diffusion layer (GDL) materials under realistic compression conditions. A dedicated compression device was designed that allows for synchrotron-tomographic investigation of circular samples under well-defined compression conditions. The tomographic data provide the experimental basis for stochastic modeling of nonwoven GDL materials. A plain compression tool is used to study the fiber courses in the material at different compression stages. Transport relevant geometrical parameters, such as porosity, pore size, and tortuosity distributions, are exemplarily evaluated for a GDL sample in the uncompressed state and for a compression of 30 vol.%. To mimic the geometry of the flow-field, we employed a compression punch with an integrated channel-rib-profile. It turned out that the GDL material is homogeneously compressed under the ribs, however, much less compressed underneath the channel. GDL fibers extend far into the channel volume where they might interfere with the convective gas transport and the removal of liquid water from the cell. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
The application of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) for subsurface remediation of groundwater contaminants is a promising new technology, which can be understood as alternative to the permeable reactive barrier technique using granular iron. Dechlorination of organic contaminants by zero-valent iron seems promising. Currently, one limitation to widespread deployment is the fast agglomeration and sedimentation of nZVI in colloidal suspensions, even more so when in soils and sediments, which limits the applicability for the treatment of sources and plumes of contamination. Colloid-supported nZVI shows promising characteristics to overcome these limitations. Mobility of Carbo-Iron Colloids (CIC) - a newly developed composite material based on finely ground activated carbon as a carrier for nZVI - was tested in a field application: In this study, a horizontal dipole flow field was established between two wells separated by 53 m in a confined, natural aquifer. The injection/extraction rate was 500 L/h. Approximately 12 kg of CIC was suspended with the polyanionic stabilizer carboxymethyl cellulose. The suspension was introduced into the aquifer at the injection well. Breakthrough of CIC was observed visually and based on total particle and iron concentrations detected in samples from the extraction well. Filtration of water samples revealed a particle breakthrough of about 12% of the amount introduced. This demonstrates high mobility of CIC particles and we suggest that nZVI carried on CIC can be used for contaminant plume remediation by in-situ formation of reactive barriers. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A flexible approach to assess fluorescence decay functions in complex energy transfer systems
(2015)
Background: Time-correlated Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes molecular distances with greater accuracy than intensity-based calculation of FRET efficiency and provides a powerful tool to study biomolecular structure and dynamics. Moreover, time-correlated photon count measurements bear additional information on the variety of donor surroundings allowing more detailed differentiation between distinct structural geometries which are typically inaccessible to general fitting solutions.
Results: Here we develop a new approach based on Monte Carlo simulations of time-correlated FRET events to estimate the time-correlated single photon counts (TCSPC) histograms in complex systems. This simulation solution assesses the full statistics of time-correlated photon counts and distance distributions of fluorescently labeled biomolecules. The simulations are consistent with the theoretical predictions of the dye behavior in FRET systems with defined dye distances and measurements of randomly distributed dye solutions. We validate the simulation results using a highly heterogeneous aggregation system and explore the conditions to use this tool in complex systems.
Conclusion: This approach is powerful in distinguishing distance distributions in a wide variety of experimental setups, thus providing a versatile tool to accurately distinguish between different structural assemblies in highly complex systems.
Climate change and its impacts already pose considerable challenges for societies that will further increase with global warming (IPCC, 2014a, b). Uncertainties of the climatic response to greenhouse gas emissions include the potential passing of large-scale tipping points (e.g. Lenton et al., 2008; Levermann et al., 2012; Schellnhuber, 2010) and changes in extreme meteorological events (Field et al., 2012) with complex impacts on societies (Hallegatte et al., 2013). Thus climate change mitigation is considered a necessary societal response for avoiding uncontrollable impacts (Conference of the Parties, 2010). On the other hand, large-scale climate change mitigation itself implies fundamental changes in, for example, the global energy system. The associated challenges come on top of others that derive from equally important ethical imperatives like the fulfilment of increasing food demand that may draw on the same resources. For example, ensuring food security for a growing population may require an expansion of cropland, thereby reducing natural carbon sinks or the area available for bio-energy production. So far, available studies addressing this problem have relied on individual impact models, ignoring uncertainty in crop model and biome model projections. Here, we propose a probabilistic decision framework that allows for an evaluation of agricultural management and mitigation options in a multi-impact-model setting. Based on simulations generated within the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP), we outline how cross-sectorally consistent multi-model impact simulations could be used to generate the information required for robust decision making.
Using an illustrative future land use pattern, we discuss the trade-off between potential gains in crop production and associated losses in natural carbon sinks in the new multiple crop-and biome-model setting. In addition, crop and water model simulations are combined to explore irrigation increases as one possible measure of agricultural intensification that could limit the expansion of cropland required in response to climate change and growing food demand. This example shows that current impact model uncertainties pose an important challenge to long-term mitigation planning and must not be ignored in long-term strategic decision making.
A highly K+-selective two-photon fluorescent probe for the in vitro monitoring of physiological K+ levels in the range of 1-100 mM is reported. The two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) probe shows a fluorescence enhancement (FE) by a factor of about three in the presence of 160 mM K+, independently of one-photon (OP, 430 nm) or two-photon (TP, 860 nm) excitation and comparable K+-induced FEs in the presence of competitive Na+ ions. The estimated dissociation constant (K-d) values in Na+-free solutions (K-d(OP)=(28 +/- 5) mM and K-d(TP)=(36 +/- 6) mM) and in combined K+/Na+ solutions (K-d(OP)=(38 +/- 8) mM and K-d(TP)=(46 +/- 25) mM) reflecting the high K+/Na+ selectivity of the fluorescent probe. The TP absorption cross-section (sigma(2PA)) of the TPEF probe+160 mMK(+) is 26 GM at 860 nm. Therefore, the TPEF probe is a suitable tool for the in vitro determination of K+.
Mobile devices and associated applications (apps) are an indispensable part of daily life and provide access to important information anytime and anywhere. However, the availability of university-wide services in the mobile sector is still poor. If they exist they usually result from individual activities of students and teachers. Mobile applications can have an essential impact on the improvement of students’ self-organization as well as on the design and enhancement of specific learning scenarios, though. This article introduces a mobile campus app framework, which integrates central campus services and decentralized learning applications. An analysis of strengths and weaknesses of different approaches is presented to summarize and evaluate them in terms of requirements, development, maintenance and operation. The article discusses the underlying service-oriented architecture that allows transferring the campus app to other universities or institutions at reasonable cost. It concludes with a presentation of the results as well as ongoing discussions and future work
Computer-based simulation models are frequently used in hydrological research and engineering but also in other fields of environmental sciences. New case studies often require existing model concepts to be adapted. Extensions may be necessary due to the peculiarities of the studied natural system or subtleties of anthropogenic control. In other cases, simplifications must be made in response to scarce data, incomplete knowledge, or restrictions set by the spatio-temporal scale of application. This paper introduces an open-source modeling framework called ECHSE designed to cope with the above-mentioned challenges. It provides a lightweight infrastructure for the rapid development of new, reusable simulation tools and, more importantly, the safe modification of existing formulations. ECHSE-based models treat the simulated system as a collection of interacting objects. Although feedbacks are generally supported, the majority of the objects' interactions is expected to be of the feed-forward type. Therefore, the ECHSE software is particularly useful in the context of hydrological catchment modeling. Conversely, it is unsuitable, e.g., for fully hydrodynamic simulations and groundwater flow modeling. The focus of the paper is put on a comprehensible outline of the ECHSE's fundamental concepts and limitations. For the purpose of illustration, a specific, ECHSE-based solution for hydrological catchment modeling is presented which has undergone testing in a number of river basins. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Local Dimension of Integration Policies? A Comparative Study of Berlin, Malmo, and Rotterdam
(2015)
This study examines three theses on local integration policies by a qualitative comparative case study of integration policies in three cities in three different countries (Berlin, Malmo, and Rotterdam). We found little evidence of a congruent local dimension of integration policies. Local policies resemble their national policy frameworks fairly well in terms of policy approaches and domains. Our multi-level perspective shows that this is not the result of top-down hierarchical governance, but rather of a multilevel dynamic of two-way interaction. Local policy legacies and local politics matter and national policies are also influenced by local approaches of integration.
Background: Medical training is very demanding and associated with a high prevalence of psychological distress. Compared to the general population, medical students are at a greater risk of developing a psychological disorder. Various attempts of stress management training in medical school have achieved positive results on minimizing psychological distress; however, there are often limitations. Therefore, the use of a rigorous scientific method is needed. The present study protocol describes a randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of a specifically developed mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students that includes selected elements of cognitive behavioral strategies (MediMind).
Methods/Design: This study protocol presents a prospective randomized controlled trial, involving four assessment time points: baseline, post-intervention, one-year follow-up and five-year follow-up. The aims include evaluating the effect on stress, coping, psychological morbidity and personality traits with validated measures. Participants are allocated randomly to one of three conditions: MediMind, Autogenic Training or control group. Eligible participants are medical or dental students in the second or eighth semester of a German university. They form a population of approximately 420 students in each academic term. A final total sample size of 126 (at five-year follow-up) is targeted. The trainings (MediMind and Autogenic Training) comprise five weekly sessions lasting 90 minutes each. MediMind will be offered to participants of the control group once the five-year follow-up is completed. The allotment is randomized with a stratified allocation ratio by course of studies, semester, and gender. After descriptive statistics have been evaluated, inferential statistical analysis will be carried out with a repeated measures ANOVA-design with interactions between time and group. Effect sizes will be calculated using partial.-square values.
Discussion: Potential limitations of this study are voluntary participation and the risk of attrition, especially concerning participants that are allocated to the control group. Strengths are the study design, namely random allocation, follow-up assessment, the use of control groups and inclusion of participants at different stages of medical training with the possibility of differential analysis.
Cosmogenic nuclides are typically used to either constrain an exposure age, a burial age, or an erosion rate. Constraining the landscape history and past erosion rates in previously glaciated terrains is, however, notoriously difficult because it involves a large number of unknowns. The potential use of cosmogenic nuclides in landscapes with a complex history of exposure and erosion is therefore often quite limited. Here, we present a novel multi-nuclide approach to study the landscape evolution and past erosion rates in terrains with a complex exposure history, particularly focusing on regions that were repeatedly covered by glaciers or ice sheets during the Quaternary. The approach, based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique, focuses on mapping the range of landscape histories that are consistent with a given set of measured cosmogenic nuclide concentrations. A fundamental assumption of the model approach is that the exposure history at the site/location can be divided into two distinct regimes: i) interglacial periods characterized by zero shielding due to overlying ice and a uniform interglacial erosion rate, and ii) glacial periods characterized by 100% shielding and a uniform glacial erosion rate. We incorporate the exposure history in the model framework by applying a threshold value to the global marine benthic delta O-18 record and include the threshold value as a free model parameter, hereby taking into account global changes in climate. However, any available information on the glacial-interglacial history at the sampling location, in particular the timing of the last deglaciation event, is readily incorporated in the model to constrain the inverse problem. Based on the MCMC technique, the model delineates the most likely exposure history, including the glacial and interglacial erosion rates, which, in turn, makes it possible to reconstruct an exhumation history at the site. We apply the model to two landscape scenarios based on synthetic data and two landscape scenarios based on paired Be-10/Al-26 data from West Greenland, which makes it possible to quantify the denudation rate at these locations. The model framework, which currently incorporates any combination of the following nuclides Be-10, Al-26, C-14, and Ne-21, is highly flexible and can be adapted to many different landscape settings. The model framework may also be used in combination with physics-based landscape evolution models to predict nuclide concentrations at different locations in the landscape. This may help validate the landscape models via comparison to measured nuclide concentrations or to devise new effective sampling strategies. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
A multi-reference study of the byproduct formation for a ring-closed dithienylethene photoswitch
(2015)
Photodriven molecular switches are sometimes hindered in their performance by forming byproducts which act as dead ends in sequences of switching cycles, leading to rapid fatigue effects. Understanding the reaction pathways to unwanted byproducts is a prerequisite for preventing them. This article presents a study of the photochemical reaction pathways for byproduct formation in the photochromic switch 1,2-bis-(3-thienyl)-ethene. Specifically, using single-and multi-reference methods the post-deexcitation reaction towards the byproduct in the electronic ground state S-0 when starting from the S-1-S-0 conical intersection (CoIn), is considered in detail. We find an unusual low-energy pathway, which offers the possibility for the formation of a dyotropic byproduct. Several high-energy pathways can be excluded with high probability.
A multi-reference study of the byproduct formation for a ring-closed dithienylethene photoswitch
(2015)
Photodriven molecular switches are sometimes hindered in their performance by forming byproducts which act as dead ends in sequences of switching cycles, leading to rapid fatigue effects. Understanding the reaction pathways to unwanted byproducts is a prerequisite for preventing them. This article presents a study of the photochemical reaction pathways for byproduct formation in the photochromic switch 1,2-bis-(3-thienyl)-ethene. Specifically, using single- and multi-reference methods the post-deexcitation reaction towards the byproduct in the electronic ground state S0 when starting from the S1–S0 conical intersection (CoIn), is considered in detail. We find an unusual low-energy pathway, which offers the possibility for the formation of a dyotropic byproduct. Several high-energy pathways can be excluded with high probability.
Fluid force microscopy combines the positional accuracy and force sensitivity of an atomic
force microscope (AFM) with nanofluidics via a microchanneled cantilever. However, adequate
loading and cleaning procedures for such AFM micropipettes are required for various
application situations. Here, a new frontloading procedure is described for an AFM micropipette
functioning as a force- and pressure-controlled microscale liquid dispenser. This frontloading
procedure seems especially attractive when using target substances featuring high
costs or low available amounts. Here, the AFM micropipette could be filled from the tip side
with liquid from a previously applied droplet with a volume of only a few μL using a short
low-pressure pulse. The liquid-loaded AFM micropipettes could be then applied for experiments
in air or liquid environments. AFM micropipette frontloading was evaluated with the
well-known organic fluorescent dye rhodamine 6G and the AlexaFluor647-labeled antibody
goat anti-rat IgG as an example of a larger biological compound. After micropipette usage,
specific cleaning procedures were tested. Furthermore, a storage method is described, at
which the AFM micropipettes could be stored for a few hours up to several days without drying
out or clogging of the microchannel. In summary, the rapid, versatile and cost-efficient
frontloading and cleaning procedure for the repeated usage of a single AFM micropipette is
beneficial for various application situations from specific surface modifications through to
local manipulation of living cells, and provides a simplified and faster handling for already
known experiments with fluid force microscopy.
Fluid force microscopy combines the positional accuracy and force sensitivity of an atomic force microscope (AFM) with nanofluidics via a microchanneled cantilever. However, adequate loading and cleaning procedures for such AFM micropipettes are required for various application situations. Here, a new frontloading procedure is described for an AFM micropipette functioning as a force-and pressure-controlled microscale liquid dispenser. This frontloading procedure seems especially attractive when using target substances featuring high costs or low available amounts. Here, the AFM micropipette could be filled from the tip side with liquid from a previously applied droplet with a volume of only a few mu L using a short low-pressure pulse. The liquid-loaded AFM micropipettes could be then applied for experiments in air or liquid environments. AFM micropipette frontloading was evaluated with the well-known organic fluorescent dye rhodamine 6G and the AlexaFluor647-labeled antibody goat anti-rat IgG as an example of a larger biological compound. After micropipette usage, specific cleaning procedures were tested. Furthermore, a storage method is described, at which the AFM micropipettes could be stored for a few hours up to several days without drying out or clogging of the microchannel. In summary, the rapid, versatile and cost-efficient frontloading and cleaning procedure for the repeated usage of a single AFM micropipette is beneficial for various application situations from specific surface modifications through to local manipulation of living cells, and provides a simplified and faster handling for already known experiments with fluid force microscopy.
We present a new integral field spectroscopic dataset of the central part of the Orion Nebula (M 42), observed with the MUSE instrument at the ESO VLT. We reduced the data with the public MUSE pipeline. The output products are two FITS cubes with a spatial size of similar to 5'9 x 4'9 (corresponding to similar to 0.76 x 0.63 pc(2)) and a contiguous wavelength coverage of 4595 ... 9366 angstrom, spatially sampled at 0 ''.2. We provide two versions with a sampling of 1.25 angstrom and 0.85 angstrom in dispersion direction. Together with variance cubes these files have a size of 75 and 110 GiB on disk. They are the largest integral field mosaics to date in terms of information content. We make them available for use in the community. To validate this dataset, we compare world coordinates, reconstructed magnitudes, velocities, and absolute and relative emission line fluxes to the literature values and find excellent agreement. We derive a 2D map of extinction and present de-reddened flux maps of several individual emission lines and of diagnostic line ratios. We estimate physical properties of the Orion Nebula, using the emission line ratios [N II] and [S III] (for the electron temperature T-e) and [S II] and [Cl III] (for the electron density N-e), and show 2D images of the velocity measured from several bright emission lines.
Downward fluxes of particulate organic matter (POM) are the major process for sequestering atmospheric CO2 into aquatic sediments for thousands of years. Budget calculations of the biological carbon pump are heavily based on the ratio between carbon export (sedimentation) and remineralization (release to the atmosphere). Current methodologies determine microbial dynamics on POM using closed vessels, which are strongly biased towards heterotrophy due to rapidly changing water chemistry (Bottle Effect). We developed a flow-through rolling tank for long term studies that continuously maintains POM at near in-situ conditions. There, bacterial communities resembled in-situ communities and greatly differed from those in the closed systems. The active particle-associated community in the flow-through system was stable for days, contrary to hours previously reported for closed incubations. In contrast to enhanced respiration rates, the decrease in photosynthetic rates on particles throughout the incubation was much slower in our system than in traditional ones. These results call for reevaluating experimentally-derived carbon fluxes estimated using traditional methods.
This note presents results from an experiment studying a two person 4 4 pure coordination game. We explore different strategy labels in an attempt to implement the mixed strategy equilibrium that selects all four strategies with equal probability. Such strategy labels must be free from salient properties that might be used by participants to coordinate. Testing 23 different sets of strategy labels, we identify two sets that produce a distribution of subjects' choices which approximate the uniform distribution quite well. Our results are relevant for studies intending to compare the behavior of subjects who play against a random mechanism with that of participants who play against human counterparts.
A novel common variant in DCST2 is associated with length in early life and height in adulthood
(2015)
Common genetic variants have been identified for adult height, but not much is known about the genetics of skeletal growth in early life. To identify common genetic variants that influence fetal skeletal growth, we meta-analyzed 22 genome-wide association studies (Stage 1; N = 28 459). We identified seven independent top single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (P < 1 x 10(-6)) for birth length, of which three were novel and four were in or near loci known to be associated with adult height (LCORL, PTCH1, GPR126 and HMGA2). The three novel SNPs were followed-up in nine replication studies (Stage 2; N = 11 995), with rs905938 in DC-STAMP domain containing 2 (DCST2) genome-wide significantly associated with birth length in a joint analysis (Stages 1 + 2; beta = 0.046, SE = 0.008, P = 2.46 x 10(-8), explained variance = 0.05%). Rs905938 was also associated with infant length (N = 28 228; P = 5.54 x 10(-4)) and adult height (N = 127 513; P = 1.45 x 10(-5)). DCST2 is a DC-STAMP-like protein family member and DC-STAMP is an osteoclast cell-fusion regulator. Polygenic scores based on 180 SNPs previously associated with human adult stature explained 0.13% of variance in birth length. The same SNPs explained 2.95% of the variance of infant length. Of the 180 known adult height loci, 11 were genome-wide significantly associated with infant length (SF3B4, LCORL, SPAG17, C6orf173, PTCH1, GDF5, ZNFX1, HHIP, ACAN, HLA locus and HMGA2). This study highlights that common variation in DCST2 influences variation in early growth and adult height.
Stream restoration aims at an enhancement of ecological habitats, an increase of water retention within a landscape and sometimes even at an improvement of biogeochemical functions of lotic ecosystems. For the latter, good exchange between groundwater and stream water is often considered to be of major importance. In this study hydraulic connectivity between river and aquifer was investigated for a four years period, covering the restoration of an old oxbow after the second year. The oxbow became reconnected to the stream and the clogging layer in the oxbow was excavated. We expected increasing hydraulic connectivity between oxbow and aquifer after restoration of the stream, and decreasing hydraulic connectivity for the former shortcut due to increased clogging. To test that hypothesis, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the coupled groundwater-stream water system before and after the restoration were analysed by principal component analyses of time series of groundwater heads and stream water levels. The first component depicted between 53% and 70% of the total variance in the dataset for the different years. It captured the propagation of the pressure signal induced by stream water level fluctuations throughout the adjacent aquifer. Thus it could be used as a measure of hydraulic connectivity between stream and aquifer. During the first year, the impact of stream water level fluctuations decreased with distance from the regulated river (shortcut), whereas the hydraulic connection of the oxbow to the adjacent aquifer was very low. After restoration of the stream we observed a slight but not significant increase of hydraulic connectivity in the oxbow in the second year after restoration, but no change for the former shortcut. There is some evidence that the pattern of hydraulic connectivity at the study site is by far more determined by the natural heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivities of the floodplain sediments and the initial construction of the shortcut rather than by the clogging layer in the oxbow. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Scheduling performance in computational grid can potentially benefit a lot from accurate execution time estimation for parallel jobs. Most existing approaches for the parallel job execution time estimation, however, require ample past job traces and the explicit correlations between the job execution time and the outer layout parameters such as the consumed processor numbers, the user-estimated execution time and the job ID, which are hard to obtain or reveal. This paper presents and evaluates a novel execution time estimation approach for parallel jobs, the user-behavior clustering for execution time estimation, which can give more accurate execution time estimation for parallel jobs through exploring the job similarity and revealing the user submission patterns. Experiment results show that compared to the state-of-art algorithms, our approach can improve the accuracy of the job execution time estimation up to 5.6 %, meanwhile the time that our approach spends on calculation can be reduced up to 3.8 %.
The control of bioelectrocatalytic processes by external stimuli for the indirect detection of non-redox active species was achieved using an esterase and a redox enzyme both integrated within a redox hydrogel. The poly( vinyl) imidazole Os(bpy)(2)Cl hydrogel displays pH-responsive properties. The esterase catalysed reaction leads to a local pH decrease causing protonation of imidazole moieties thus increasing hydrogel solvation and mobility of the tethered Os-complexes. This is the key step to enable improved electron transfer between an aldehyde oxidoreductase and the polymer-bound Os-complexes. The off-on switch is further integrated in a biofuel cell system for self-powered signal generation.
Extreme weather events are likely to occur more often under climate change and the resulting effects on ecosystems could lead to a further acceleration of climate change. But not all extreme weather events lead to extreme ecosystem response. Here, we focus on hazardous ecosystem behaviour and identify coinciding weather conditions. We use a simple probabilistic risk assessment based on time series of ecosystem behaviour and climate conditions. Given the risk assessment terminology, vulnerability and risk for the previously defined hazard are estimated on the basis of observed hazardous ecosystem behaviour.
We apply this approach to extreme responses of terrestrial ecosystems to drought, defining the hazard as a negative net biome productivity over a 12-month period. We show an application for two selected sites using data for 1981-2010 and then apply the method to the pan-European scale for the same period, based on numerical modelling results (LPJmL for ecosystem behaviour; ERA-Interim data for climate).
Our site-specific results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, using the SPEI to describe the climate condition. The site in Spain provides an example of vulnerability to drought because the expected value of the SPEI is 0.4 lower for hazardous than for non-hazardous ecosystem behaviour. In northern Germany, on the contrary, the site is not vulnerable to drought because the SPEI expectation values imply wetter conditions in the hazard case than in the non-hazard case.
At the pan-European scale, ecosystem vulnerability to drought is calculated in the Mediterranean and temperate region, whereas Scandinavian ecosystems are vulnerable under conditions without water shortages. These first model- based applications indicate the conceptual advantages of the proposed method by focusing on the identification of critical weather conditions for which we observe hazardous ecosystem behaviour in the analysed data set. Application of the method to empirical time series and to future climate would be important next steps to test the approach.
Transport molecules play a crucial role for cell viability. Amongst others, linear motors transport cargos along rope-like structures from one location of the cell to another in a stochastic fashion. Thereby each step of the motor, either forwards or backwards, bridges a fixed distance and requires several biochemical transformations, which are modeled as internal states of the motor. While moving along the rope, the motor can also detach and the walk is interrupted. We give here a mathematical formalization of such dynamics as a random process which is an extension of Random Walks, to which we add an absorbing state to model the detachment of the motor from the rope. We derive particular properties of such processes that have not been available before. Our results include description of the maximal distance reached from the starting point and the position from which detachment takes place. Finally, we apply our theoretical results to a concrete established model of the transport molecule Kinesin V.
Sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) based on radiolarian assemblage changes are estimated for the last 160 kyr, from a sediment core (Y9) recovered from Pukaki Saddle, northeast of Campbell Plateau. Site Y9 lies beneath Subantarctic Surface Water (SAW) immediately to the north of the Subantarctic Front (SAF), which in this region is bathymetrically constrained by the edges of Campbell Plateau and defines the northern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Radiolarian assemblages are characterised by an exceptionally high abundance of the Antarctic to subantarctic species Antarctissa spp. (up to 68%), especially during glacial intervals. SST estimates are derived using Factor Analysis and the Modern Analog Technique. Both methods capture the glacial-interglacial (G-I) pattern. The SST reconstructions show the changing relative influence of distinct water masses during the past G-I cycle, with major temperature variations of the order of 7-9 degrees C at glacial Terminations. Glacials (marine isotope stages (MIS) 6 and 2) are associated with particularly cool SSTs that are indicative of a more vigorous SAF/ACC and an enhancement of the inflow through Pukaki Saddle and/or frequent development of cold-core eddies at the SAF. By contrast, the influence of warmer waters and relaxation of the ACC during interglacials can be inferred from temperatures slightly warmer (e.g., mid-Holocene) and/or comparable to present day (e.g., MIS 5e). During these intervals, relatively warmer temperatures most likely indicate a higher warmcore eddy activity due to a strengthened Subtropical Front and/or a weakened inflow of cool water through Pukaki Saddle and/or an increased stratification in the Campbell Plateau region. Furthermore, the SST record is characterised by an abrupt warming at ca. 10 kyr (i.e., Termination l), the occurrence of a reversal at Termination I, and a warming event at the end of MIS 4, coinciding with the A4 event in the Byrd ice core. These characteristics, together with the pronounced G-I cycle shown by the SST estimates, suggest that Site Y9 is influenced by major oceanographic changes in the SW Pacific and responds to thermal changes at high southern latitudes. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
We propose a RAndom Interacting Network (RAIN) model to study the interactions between a pair of complex networks. The model involves two major steps: (i) the selection of a pair of nodes, one from each network, based on intra-network node-based characteristics, and (ii) the placement of a link between selected nodes based on the similarity of their relative importance in their respective networks. Node selection is based on a selection fitness function and node linkage is based on a linkage probability defined on the linkage scores of nodes. The model allows us to relate within-network characteristics to between-network structure. We apply the model to the interaction between the USA and Schengen airline transportation networks (ATNs). Our results indicate that two mechanisms: degree-based preferential node selection and degree-assortative link placement are necessary to replicate the observed inter-network degree distributions as well as the observed inter-network assortativity. The RAIN model offers the possibility to test multiple hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying network interactions. It can also incorporate complex interaction topologies. Furthermore, the framework of the RAIN model is general and can be potentially adapted to various real-world complex systems.
Damage due to floods has increased during the last few decades, and further increases are expected in several regions due to climate change and growing vulnerability. To address the projected increase in flood risk, a combination of structural and non-structural flood risk mitigation measures is considered as a promising adaptation strategy. Such a combination takes into account that flood defence systems may fail, and prepares for unexpected crisis situations via land-use planning and private damage reduction, e.g. via building precautionary measures, and disaster response. However, knowledge about damage-reducing measures is scarce and often fragmented since based on case studies. For instance, it is believed that private precautionary measures, like shielding with water shutters or building fortification, are especially effective in areas with frequent flood events and low flood water levels. However, some of these measures showed a significant damage-reducing effect also during the extreme flood event in 2002 in Germany. This review analyses potentials of land-use planning and private flood precautionary measures as components of adaptation strategies for global change. Focus is on their implementation, their damage-reducing effects and their potential contribution to address projected changes in flood risk, particularly in developed countries.
Cosmic-Ray neutron sensing (CRS) is a unique approach to measure soil moisture at field scale filling the gap of current methodologies. However, CRS signal is affected by all the hydrogen pools on the land surface and understanding their relative importance plays an important role for the application of the method e.g., validation of remote sensing products and data assimilation. In this study, a soil moisture scaling approach is proposed to estimate directly the correct CRS soil moisture based on the soil moisture profile measured at least in one position within the field. The approach has the advantage to avoid the need to introduce one correction for each hydrogen contribution and to estimate indirectly all the related time-varying hydrogen pools. Based on the data collected in three crop seasons, the scaling approach shows its ability to identify and to quantify the seasonal biomass water equivalent. Additionally, the analysis conducted at sub-daily time resolution is able to quantify the daily vertical redistribution of the water biomass and the rainfall interception, showing promising applications of the CRS method also for these types of measurements. Overall, the study underlines how not only soil moisture but all the specific hydrological processes in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum should be considered for a proper evaluation of the CRS signal. For this scope, the scaling approach reveals to be a simple and pragmatic analysis that can be easily extended to other experimental sites. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
We present the results of 71.6 hr of observations of the Geminga pulsar (PSR J0633+1746) with the VERITAS very-high-energy gamma-ray telescope array. Data taken with VERITAS between 2007 November and 2013 February were phase-folded using a Geminga pulsar timing solution derived from data recorded by the XMM-Newton and Fermi-LAT space telescopes. No significant pulsed emission above 100 GeV is observed, and we report upper limits at the 95% confidence level on the integral flux above 135 GeV (spectral analysis threshold) of 4.0x10(-13) s(-1) cm(-2) and 1.7 x 10(-13) s(-1) cm(-2) for the two principal peaks in the emission profile. These upper limits, placed in context with phase-resolved spectral energy distributions determined from 5 yr of data from the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT), constrain possible hardening of the Geminga pulsar emission spectra above similar to 50 GeV.
We consider the semiclassical asymptotic expansion of the heat kernel coming from Witten's perturbation of the de Rham complex by a given function. For the index, one obtains a time-dependent integral formula which is evaluated by the method of stationary phase to derive the Poincare-Hopf theorem. We show how this method is related to approaches using the Thom form of Mathai and Quillen. Afterwards, we use a more general version of the stationary phase approximation in the case that the perturbing function has critical submanifolds to derive a degenerate version of the Poincare-Hopf theorem.
Cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) catalyses the formation and metabolism of steroid hormones. They are involved in blood pressure (BP) regulation and in the pathogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy. Therefore, altered function of CYP17A1 due to genetic variants may influence BP and left ventricular mass. Notably, genome wide association studies supported the role of this enzyme in BP control. Against this background, we investigated associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or nearby the CYP17A1 gene with BP and left ventricular mass in patients with arterial hypertension and associated cardiovascular organ damage treated according to guidelines. Patients (n = 1007, mean age 58.0 +/- 9.8 years, 83% men) with arterial hypertension and cardiac left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 40% were enrolled in the study. Cardiac parameters of left ventricular mass, geometry and function were determined by echocardiography. The cohort comprised patients with coronary heart disease (n = 823; 81.7%) and myocardial infarction (n = 545; 54.1%) with a mean LVEF of 59.9% +/- 9.3%. The mean left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was 52.1 +/- 21.2 g/m(2.7) and 485 (48.2%) patients had left ventricular hypertrophy. There was no significant association of any investigated SNP (rs619824, rs743572, rs1004467, rs11191548, rs17115100) with mean 24 h systolic or diastolic BP. However, carriers of the rs11191548 C allele demonstrated a 7% increase in LVMI (95% CI: 1%-12%, p = 0.017) compared to non-carriers. The CYP17A1 polymorphism rs11191548 demonstrated a significant association with LVMI in patients with arterial hypertension and preserved LVEF. Thus, CYP17A1 may contribute to cardiac hypertrophy in this clinical condition.
A SSHAC Level 3 Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for a New-Build Nuclear Site in South Africa
(2015)
A probabilistic seismic hazard analysis has been conducted for a potential nuclear power plant site on the coast of South Africa, a country of low-to-moderate seismicity. The hazard study was conducted as a SSHAC Level 3 process, the first application of this approach outside North America. Extensive geological investigations identified five fault sources with a non-zero probability of being seismogenic. Five area sources were defined for distributed seismicity, the least active being the host zone for which the low recurrence rates for earthquakes were substantiated through investigations of historical seismicity. Empirical ground-motion prediction equations were adjusted to a horizon within the bedrock at the site using kappa values inferred from weak-motion analyses. These adjusted models were then scaled to create new equations capturing the range of epistemic uncertainty in this region with no strong motion recordings. Surface motions were obtained by convolving the bedrock motions with site amplification functions calculated using measured shear-wave velocity profiles.
Current evidence suggests that many of the major events in hominin evolution occurred in East Africa. Hence, over the past two decades, there has been intensive work undertaken to understand African palaeoclimate and tectonics in order to put together a coherent picture of how the environment of Africa has varied over the past 10 Myr. A new consensus is emerging that suggests the unusual geology and climate of East Africa created a complex, environmentally very variable setting. This new understanding of East African climate has led to the pulsed climate variability hypothesis that suggests the long-term drying trend in East Africa was punctuated by episodes of short alternating periods of extreme humidity and aridity which may have driven hominin speciation, encephalization and dispersals out of Africa. This hypothesis is unique as it provides a conceptual framework within which other evolutionary theories can be examined: first, at macro-scale comparing phylogenetic gradualism and punctuated equilibrium; second, at a more focused level of human evolution comparing allopatric speciation, aridity hypothesis, turnover pulse hypothesis, variability selection hypothesis, Red Queen hypothesis and sympatric speciation based on sexual selection. It is proposed that each one of these mechanisms may have been acting on hominins during these short periods of climate variability, which then produce a range of different traits that led to the emergence of new species. In the case of Homo erectus (sensu lato), it is not just brain size that changes but life history (shortened inter-birth intervals, delayed development), body size and dimorphism, shoulder morphology to allow thrown projectiles, adaptation to long-distance running, ecological flexibility and social behaviour. The future of evolutionary research should be to create evidence-based meta-narratives, which encompass multiple mechanisms that select for different traits leading ultimately to speciation.
L-selectin is a protein with potential importance for numerous diseases and clinical disorders. In this paper, we present a new aptamer-based luminescent assay developed to detect L-selectin. The sensing system working principle is based on Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) from a donor terbium complex (TbC) to an acceptor cyanine dye (Cy5). In the present approach, the biotinylated aptamer is combined with Cy5-labelled streptavidin (Cy5-Strep) to yield an aptamer-based acceptor construct (Apta-Cy5-Strep), while L-selectin is conjugated using luminescent TbC. Upon aptamer binding to the TbC-labelled L-selectin (L-selectin-TbC), permanent donor-acceptor proximity is established which allows for radiationless energy transfer to occur. However, when unlabelled L-selectin is added, it competes with the L-selectin-TbC and the FRET signal decreases as the L-selectin concentration increases. FRET from the TbC to Cy5 was observed with time-gated time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy. A significant change in the corrected luminescence signal was observed in the dynamic range of 10 -500 ng/mL L-selectin, the concentration range relevant for accelerated cognitive decline of Alzheimer's disease, with a limit of detection (LOD) equal to 10 ng/mL. The aptasensor-based assay is homogeneous and can be realized within one hour. Therefore, this method has the potential to become an alternative to tedious heterogeneous analytical methods, e.g. based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Accentual preferences and predictability: An acceptability study on split intransitivity in German
(2015)
The difference in the default prosodic realization of simple sentences with unergative vs. unaccusative/passive verbs (assigning early nuclear accent with unaccusative/passive verbs but late nuclear accent with unergative verbs) is often related to the syntactic distinction of their nominative arguments as starting off in different hierarchical positions. Alternative accounts try to trace this prosodic variation back to asymmetries in the semantic or pragmatic contribution of the verb to an utterance. The present article investigates the interaction of the assignment of default nuclear accent with the predictability of the verb. In an experimental study testing the acceptability of nuclear accent assignment, we confirmed that the predictability of the verb influences accentual preferences (such that highly predictable verbs are preferably not accented). However, the experiment also reveals that the unaccusativity distinction cannot be accounted for by means of pragmatic phenomena of this type: the two verb classes are associated with distinct accentual patterns in the baseline condition, that is, without the predictability manipulation. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
We herein reappraise the pressure-temperature (PT) evolution of the high-pressure and low-temperature (HP-LT) Tavsanli zone (western Turkey) in order to (i) better characterize rock units exhumed along a cooling subduction interface, from birth to steady state and (ii) constrain exhumation and detachment dynamics, as well as mechanical coupling between plates. Based on PT estimates and field observations three oceanic complexes are recognized between the HP-LT continental margin and the obducted ophiolite, with PT estimates ranging from incipient metamorphism to blueschist-fades conditions. PT conditions for the continental unit are reappraised to 24 kbar and similar to 500 degrees C on the basis of pseudosection modelling and Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous material. A tentative reconstruction of the subduction zone evolution is proposed using available radiometric and palaeogeographic data and recent thermomechanical modelling. Both PT conditions and field observations point out to the slicing of km-sized units at different preferred depths along the subduction interface, thus providing constraints on the dynamics of accretion and underplating. In particular, the comparison of PT estimates for the Tavsanli zone and for other broadly similar fossil subduction settings (i.e., Oman, Corsica, New Caledonia, Franciscan, Schistes Lustres) suggests that units are detached preferentially from the slab at specific depths of 30-40 km (i.e., downdip of the seismogenic zone) and similar to 80 km. We propose that these depths are controlled by major changes in mechanical coupling along the plate interface, whereas exhumation through time would rather be controlled by large-scale geodynamic boundary conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Unlike their ortho counterparts, meta- and para-acetamidoanilines can be converted into the corresponding acetamidoarenediazonium salts. These offer various opportunities for multiple Pd-catalyzed arene functionalization reactions, such as Matsuda-Heck-, Suzuki-Miyaura- or Fujiwara-Moritani couplings.
Developed countries have relied heavily on aid budgets to fulfill their pledges to boost funding for addressing climate change in developing countries. However, little is known about how interaction between aid and other ministries has shaped contributors' diverse approaches to climate finance. This paper investigates intra-governmental dynamics in decision-making on climate finance in seven contributor countries (Australia, Denmark, Germany, Japan, Switzerland, the UK, and the US). While aid agencies retained considerable control over implementation, environment and finance ministries have played an influential and often contrasting role on key policy issues, including distribution between mitigation and adaptation and among geographical regions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Adam Smith's "Two Distinct Benefits" from Trade: The Dead End of "Vent-for-Surplus" Interpretations
(2015)
Conservation actions need to account for global climate change and adapt to it. The body of the literature on adaptation options is growing rapidly, but their feasibility and current state of implementation are rarely assessed. We discussed the practicability of adaptation options with conservation managers analysing three fields of action: reducing the vulnerability of conservation management, reducing the vulnerability of conservation targets (i.e. biodiversity) and climate change mitigation. For all options, feasibility, current state of implementation and existing obstacles to implementation were analysed, using the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany, as a case study. Practitioners considered a large number of options useful, most of which have already been implemented at least in part. Those options considered broadly implemented resemble mainly conventional measures of conservation without direct relation to climate change. Managers are facing several obstacles for adapting to climate change, including political reluctance to change, financial and staff shortages in conservation administrations and conflictive EU funding schemes in agriculture. A certain reluctance to act, due to the high degree of uncertainty with regard to climate change scenarios and impacts, is widespread. A lack of knowledge of appropriate methods such as adaptive management often inhibits the implementation of adaptation options in the field of planning and management. Based on the findings for Brandenburg, we generally conclude that it is necessary to focus in particular on options that help to reduce vulnerability of conservation management itself, i.e. those that enhance management effectiveness. For instance, adaptive and proactive risk management can be applied as a no-regrets option, independently from specific climate change scenarios or impacts, strengthening action under uncertainty.
Added Variable Plot
(2015)
Number processing evokes spatial biases, both when dealing with single digits and in more complex mental calculations. Here we investigated whether these two biases have a common origin, by examining their flexibility. Participants pointed to the locations of arithmetic results on a visually presented line with an inverted, right-to-left number arrangement. We found directionally opposite spatial biases for mental arithmetic and for a parity task administered both before and after the arithmetic task. We discuss implications of this dissociation in our results for the task-dependent cognitive representation of numbers.
Purpose
This chapter is aimed at contributing to the question of how institutional reforms affect multi-level governance (MLG) capacities and thus the performance of public task fulfillment with a particular focus on the local level of government in England, France, and Germany.
Methodology/approach
Drawing on concepts of institutional evaluation, we analytically distinguish six dimensions of impact assessment: vertical coordination; horizontal coordination; efficiency/savings; effectiveness/quality; political accountability/democratic control; equity of service standards. Methodologically, we rely on document analysis and expert judgments that could be gleaned from case studies in the three countries and a comprehensive evaluation of the available secondary data in the respective national and local contexts.
Findings
Institutional reforms in the intergovernmental setting have exerted a significant influence on task fulfillment and the performance of service delivery. Irrespective of whether MLG practice corresponds to type I or type II, task devolution (decentralization/de-concentration) furthers the interlocal variation and makes the equity of service delivery shrink. There is a general tendency of improved horizontal/MLG type I coordination capacities, especially after political decentralization, less in the case of administrative decentralization. However, decentralization often entails considerable additional costs which sometimes overload local governments.
Research implications
The distinction between multi-purpose territorial organization/MLG I and single-purpose functional organization/MLG II provides a suitable analytical frame for institutional evaluation and impact assessment of reforms in the intergovernmental setting. Furthermore, comparative research into the relationship between MLG and institutional reforms is needed to reveal the explanatory power of intervening factors, such as the local budgetary and staff situation, local policy preferences, and political interests in conjunction with the salience of the transferred tasks.
Practical implications
The findings provide evidence on the causal relationship between specific types of (vertical) institutional reforms, performance, and task-related characteristics. Policy-makers and government actors may use this information when drafting institutional reform programs and determining the allocation of public tasks in the intergovernmental setting.
Social implications
In general, the euphoric expectations placed upon decentralization strategies in modern societies cannot straightforwardly be justified. Our findings show that any type of task transfer to lower levels of government exacerbates existing disparities or creates new ones. However, the integration of tasks within multi-functional, politically accountable local governments may help to improve MLG type I coordination in favor of local communities and territorially based societal actors, while the opposite may be said with regard to de-concentration and the strengthening of MLG type II coordination.
Originality/value
The chapter addresses a missing linkage in the existing MLG literature which has hitherto predominantly been focused on the political decision-making and on the implementation of reforms in the intergovernmental settings of European countries, whereas the impact of such reforms and of their consequences for MLG has remained largely ignored.
Water quality modelling deals with multidisciplinary questions ranging from fundamental to applied. Addressing this broad range of questions requires multiple analysis techniques and therefore multiple frameworks. Through the recently developed database approach to modelling (DATM), it has become possible to run a model in multiple software frameworks without much overhead. Here we apply DATM to the ecosystem model for ditches PCDitch and its twin model for shallow lakes PCLake. Using DATM, we run these models in six frameworks (ACSL, DELWAQ, DUFLOW, GRIND for MATLAB, OSIRIS and R), and report on the possible model analyses with tools provided by each framework. We conclude that the dynamic link between frameworks and models resulting from DATM has the following main advantages: it allows one to use the framework one is familiar with for most model analyses and eases switching between frameworks for complementary model analyses, including the switch between a 0-D and 1-D to 3-D setting. Moreover, the strength of each framework - including runtime performance - can now be easily exploited. We envision that a community-based further development of the concept can contribute to the future development of water quality modelling, not only by addressing multidisciplinary questions but also by facilitating the exchange of models and process formulations within the community of water quality modellers.
After the flood in 2002, the level of private precautions taken increased considerably. One contributing factor is the fact that, in general, a larger proportion of people knew that they were at risk of flooding. The best level of precaution was found before the flood events in 2006 and 2011. The main reason for this might be that residents had more experience with flooding than residents affected in 2005 or 2010. Yet, overall, flood experience and knowledge did not necessarily result in building retrofitting or flood-proofing measures, which are considered as mitigating damages most effectively. Hence, investments still need to be stimulated in order to reduce future damage more efficiently.
Amphibians are characterised by potentially indefinite growth. Their body size reflects a trade-off between growth and reproduction. Consequently, growth decreases or even ceases after maturation. Furthermore, the sexes often mature at different ages (sexual bimaturity). We examined fecundity patterns of the terrestrial salamander Salamandra algira (Salamandridae) and tested if age, body size and the fecundity of both sexes are connected and how these reproductive traits interact. We revealed positive correlations for female size, age and fecundity traits, i.e., egg number and volume. The male number of testes lobes was also positively correlated with age. Our study provides basic data on a rarely studied terrestrial salamandrid. Further collection-based research is needed to obtain additional data aiding the understanding of life history evolution of the Salamandridae.
Ageing first passage time density in continuous time random walks and quenched energy landscapes
(2015)
We study the first passage dynamics of an ageing stochastic process in the continuous time random walk (CTRW) framework. In such CTRW processes the test particle performs a random walk, in which successive steps are separated by random waiting times distributed in terms of the waiting time probability density function Psi (t) similar or equal to t(-1-alpha) (0 <= alpha <= 2). An ageing stochastic process is defined by the explicit dependence of its dynamic quantities on the ageing time t(a), the time elapsed between its preparation and the start of the observation. Subdiffusive ageing CTRWs with 0 < alpha < 1 describe systems such as charge carriers in amorphous semiconducters, tracer dispersion in geological and biological systems, or the dynamics of blinking quantum dots. We derive the exact forms of the first passage time density for an ageing subdiffusive CTRW in the semi-infinite, confined, and biased case, finding different scaling regimes for weakly, intermediately, and strongly aged systems: these regimes, with different scaling laws, are also found when the scaling exponent is in the range 1 < alpha < 2, for sufficiently long ta. We compare our results with the ageing motion of a test particle in a quenched energy landscape. We test our theoretical results in the quenched landscape against simulations: only when the bias is strong enough, the correlations from returning to previously visited sites become insignificant and the results approach the ageing CTRW results. With small bias or without bias, the ageing effects disappear and a change in the exponent compared to the case of a completely annealed landscape can be found, reflecting the build-up of correlations in the quenched landscape.
Aging scaled Brownian motion
(2015)
Scaled Brownian motion (SBM) is widely used to model anomalous diffusion of passive tracers in complex and biological systems. It is a highly nonstationary process governed by the Langevin equation for Brownian motion, however, with a power-law time dependence of the noise strength. Here we study the aging properties of SBM for both unconfined and confined motion. Specifically, we derive the ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacements and analyze their behavior in the regimes of weak, intermediate, and strong aging. A very rich behavior is revealed for confined aging SBM depending on different aging times and whether the process is sub- or superdiffusive. We demonstrate that the information on the aging factorizes with respect to the lag time and exhibits a functional form that is identical to the aging behavior of scale-free continuous time random walk processes. While SBM exhibits a disparity between ensemble and time averaged observables and is thus weakly nonergodic, strong aging is shown to effect a convergence of the ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacement. Finally, we derive the density of first passage times in the semi-infinite domain that features a crossover defined by the aging time.
Previous studies have found that English speakers experience attraction effects when comprehending subject-verb agreement, showing eased processing of ungrammatical sentences that contain a syntactically unlicensed but number-matching noun. In four self-paced reading experiments we examine whether attraction effects also occur in Spanish, a language where agreement morphology is richer and functionally more significant. We find that despite having a richer morphology, Spanish speakers show reliable attraction effects in comprehension, and that these effects are strikingly similar to those previously found in English in their magnitude and distributional profile. Further, we use distributional analyses to argue that cue-based memory retrieval is used as an error-driven mechanism in comprehension. We suggest that cross-linguistic similarities in agreement attraction result from speakers deploying repair or error-driven mechanisms uniformly across languages. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Given the range of geological conditions under which airborne EM surveys are conducted, there is an expectation that the 2D and 3D methods used to extract models that are geologically meaningful would be favoured over ID inversion and transforms. We do after all deal with an Earth that constantly undergoes, faulting, intrusions, and erosive processes that yield a subsurface morphology, which is, for most parts, dissimilar to a horizontal layered earth.
We analyse data from a survey collected in the Musgrave province, South Australia. It is of particular interest since it has been used for mineral prospecting and for a regional hydro-geological assessment. The survey comprises abrupt lateral variations, more-subtle lateral continuous sedimentary sequences and filled palaeovalleys. As consequence, we deal with several geophysical targets of contrasting conductivities, varying geometries and at different depths. We invert the observations by using several algorithms characterised by the different dimensionality of the forward operator.
Inversion of airborne EM data is known to be an ill-posed problem. We can generate a variety of models that numerically adequately fit the measured data, which makes the solution non-unique. The application of different deterministic inversion codes or transforms to the same dataset can give dissimilar results, as shown in this paper. This ambiguity suggests the choice of processes and algorithms used to interpret AEM data cannot be resolved as a matter of personal choice and preference.
The degree to which models generated by a ID algorithm replicate/or not measured data, can be an indicator of the data's dimensionality, which perse does not imply that data that can be fitted with a 1D model cannot be multidimensional. On the other hand, it is crucial that codes that can generate 2D and 3D models do reproduce the measured data in order for them to be considered as a plausible solution. In the absence of ancillary information, it could be argued that the simplest model with the simplest physics might be preferred.
Poly(N-propargyl glycine) (PNPG) can be readily prepared by ring-opening polymerization of N-propargyl glycine N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) and modified using various addition reactions such as copper catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of azide, radical (photo-)addition of thiol, nucleophilic addition of ethylene oxide, and thermal induced cross-linking. It is demonstrated that PNPG can serve as a modular platform to produce a bibliography of novel functional polypeptoid or pseudopeptide materials, including polypeptoid ionic liquids and graft copolymers.
Alles nur Strategie?
(2015)
Der Band dokumentiert die Ergebnisse einer nationalen Tagung der Leibniz-Sozietät der Wissenschaften zu Berlin und des Zentrums für Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung der Universität Potsdam. Im Vordergrund steht die Entwicklung eines einheitlichen Rahmenlehrplans für die Länder Berlin und Brandenburg. Dabei wird - ausgehend von grundlegenden Positionen zu einer zeitgemäßen Allgemeinbildung - ein exemplarischer Ansatz gewählt und die Curriculumentwicklung für das relativ junge Unterrichtsfach <I>Wirtschaft - Arbeit - Technik </I>näher untersucht. Neben aktuellen Fragen der Curriculumentwicklung der Gegenwart werden vor allem differenzierte Positionen der nationalen Fachgesellschaften zu einer zeitgemäßen technisch-ökonomischen Bildung deutlich. Das Buch leistet einen Beitrag zur Entwicklung von Perspektiven für eine interdisziplinäre Forschung, die eine arbeitsorientierte Bildung für alle Kinder und Jugendlichen zum Ziel hat.
The current practice in allocating post-mortem organ donations is in many respects ethically problematic. After criticizing this practice, this article explores what a more morally acceptable practice could look like.
The article concludes with an appeal for the random allocation of available donor organs.
Geodetic and seismologic studies support a tectonic model for the central Himalaya wherein similar to 2 cm/yr of Indo-Asian convergence is accommodated along the primary decollement under the range, the Main Himalayan thrust. A steeper midcrustal ramp in the Main Himalayan thrust is commonly invoked as driving rapid rock uplift along a range-parallel band in the Greater Himalaya. This tectonic model, developed primarily from studies in central Nepal, is commonly assumed to project along strike with little lateral variation in Main Himalayan thrust geometry or associated rock uplift patterns. Here, we synthesize multiple lines of evidence for a major discontinuity in the Main Himalayan thrust in western Nepal. Analysis of topography and seismicity indicates that west of similar to 82.5 degrees E, the single band of steep topography and seismicity along the Main Himalayan thrust ramp in central Nepal bifurcates around a high-elevation, low-relief landscape, resulting in a two-step topographic front along an similar to 150 km segment of the central Himalaya. Although multiple models could explain this bifurcation, the full suite of data appears to be most consistent with a northward bend to the Main Himalayan thrust ramp and activation of a young duplex horse to the south. This poorly documented segmentation of the Main Himalayan thrust has important implications for the seismogenic potential of the western Nepal seismic gap and for models of the ongoing evolution of the orogen.
This study focuses on evaluating the potential of ALOS/PALSAR time-series data to analyze the activation of deep-seated landslides in the foothill zone of the high mountain Alai range in the southern Tien Shan (Kyrgyzstan). Most previous field-based landslide investigations have revealed that many landslides have indicators for ongoing slow movements in the form of migrating and newly developing cracks. L-band ALOS/PALSAR data for the period between 2007 and 2010 are available for the 484 km(2) area in this study. We analyzed these data using the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) time-series technique to assess the surface deformation related to the activation of landslides. We observed up to +/- 17 mm/year of LOS velocity deformation rates, which were projected along the local steepest slope and resulted in velocity rates of up to -63 mm/year. The obtained rates indicate very slow movement of the deep-seated landslides during the observation time. We also compared these movements with precipitation and earthquake records. The results suggest that the deformation peaks correlate with rainfall in the 3 preceding months and with an earthquake event. Overall, the results of this study indicated the great potential of L-band InSAR time series analysis for efficient spatiotemporal identification and monitoring of slope activations in this region of high landslide activity in Southern Kyrgyzstan.
Epigenetic modulations are a hypothesized link between environmental factors and the development of psychiatric disorders. Research has suggested that patients with depression or bipolar disorder exhibit higher methylation levels in the glucocorticoid receptor gene NR3C1. We aimed to investigate whether NR3C1 methylation changes are similarly associated with externalizing disorders such as aggressive behavior and conduct disorder. NR3C1 exon 1F methylation was analyzed in young adults with a lifetime diagnosis of an externalizing disorder (N = 68) or a depressive disorder (N = 27) and healthy controls (N = 124) from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk. The externalizing disorders group had significantly lower NR3C1 methylation levels than the lifetime depressive disorder group (p = 0.009) and healthy controls (p = 0.001) This report of lower methylation levels in NR3C1 in externalizing disorders may indicate a mechanism through which the differential development of externalizing disorders as opposed to depressive disorders might occur.
Background: Alcohol abuse is a major risk factor for somatic and neuropsychiatric diseases. Despite their potential clinical importance, little is known about the alterations of plasma glycerophospholipid (GPL) and sphingolipid (SPL) species associated with alcohol abuse.
Methods: Plasma GPL and SPL species were quantified using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in samples from 23 male alcohol-dependent patients before and after detoxification, as well as from 20 healthy male controls.
Results: A comparison of alcohol-dependent patients with controls revealed higher phosphatidylcholine (PC; P-value = 0.008) and phosphatidylinositol (PI; P-value = 0.001) concentrations in patients before detoxification, and higher PI (P-value = 0.001) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-based plasmalogen (PEP; P-value = 0.003) concentrations after detoxification. Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) were increased by acute intoxication (P-value = 0.002). Sphingomyelin (SM) concentration increased during detoxification (P-value = 0.011). The concentration of SM 23:0 was lower in patients (P-value = 2.79 x 10(-5)), and the concentrations of ceramide Cer d18:1/16:0 and Cer d18:1/18:0 were higher in patients (P-value = 2.45 x 10(-5) and 3.73 x 10(-5)). Activity of lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) in patients correlated positively with the concentrations of eight LPC species, while activity of secreted ASM was inversely correlated with several PE, PI and PC species, and positively correlated with the molar ratio of PC to SM (Pearson's r = 0.432; P-value = 0.039).
Conclusion: Plasma concentrations of numerous GPL and SPL species were altered in alcohol-dependent patients. These molecules might serve as potential biomarkers to improve the diagnosis of patients and to indicate health risks associated with alcohol abuse. Our study further indicates that there are strong interactions between plasma GPL concentrations and SPL metabolism. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Inventories of individually delineated landslides are a key to understanding landslide physics and mitigating their impact. They permit assessment of area-frequency distributions and landslide volumes, and testing of statistical correlations between landslides and physical parameters such as topographic gradient or seismic strong motion. Amalgamation, i.e. the mapping of several adjacent landslides as a single polygon, can lead to potentially severe distortion of the statistics of these inventories. This problem can be especially severe in data sets produced by automated mapping. We present five inventories of earthquake-induced landslides mapped with different materials and techniques and affected by varying degrees of amalgamation. Errors on the total landslide volume and power-law exponent of the area-frequency distribution, resulting from amalgamation, may be up to 200 and 50 %, respectively. We present an algorithm based on image and digital elevation model (DEM) analysis, for automatic identification of amalgamated polygons. On a set of about 2000 polygons larger than 1000 m(2), tracing landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge earthquake, the algorithm performs well, with only 2.7-3.6% incorrectly amalgamated landslides missed and 3.9-4.8% correct polygons incorrectly identified as amalgams. This algorithm can be used broadly to check landslide inventories and allow faster correction by automating the identification of amalgamation.
A multiple interpretation scheme is an ordered sequence of morphisms. The ordered multiple interpretation of a word is obtained by concatenating the images of that word in the given order of morphisms. The arbitrary multiple interpretation of a word is the semigroup generated by the images of that word. These interpretations are naturally extended to languages. Four types of ambiguity of multiple interpretation schemata on a language are defined: o-ambiguity, internal ambiguity, weakly external ambiguity and strongly external ambiguity. We investigate the problem of deciding whether a multiple interpretation scheme is ambiguous on regular languages.
Algorithm selection (AS) techniques - which involve choosing from a set of algorithms the one expected to solve a given problem instance most efficiently - have substantially improved the state of the art in solving many prominent AI problems, such as SAT, CSP, ASP, MAXSAT and QBF. Although several AS procedures have been introduced, not too surprisingly, none of them dominates all others across all AS scenarios. Furthermore, these procedures have parameters whose optimal values vary across AS scenarios. This holds specifically for the machine learning techniques that form the core of current AS procedures, and for their hyperparameters. Therefore, to successfully apply AS to new problems, algorithms and benchmark sets, two questions need to be answered: (i) how to select an AS approach and (ii) how to set its parameters effectively. We address both of these problems simultaneously by using automated algorithm configuration. Specifically, we demonstrate that we can automatically configure claspfolio 2, which implements a large variety of different AS approaches and their respective parameters in a single, highly-parameterized algorithm framework. Our approach, dubbed AutoFolio, allows researchers and practitioners across a broad range of applications to exploit the combined power of many different AS methods. We demonstrate AutoFolio can significantly improve the performance of claspfolio 2 on 8 out of the 13 scenarios from the Algorithm Selection Library, leads to new state-of-the-art algorithm selectors for 7 of these scenarios, and matches state-of-the-art performance (statistically) on all other scenarios. Compared to the best single algorithm for each AS scenario, AutoFolio achieves average speedup factors between 1.3 and 15.4.
An electrochemical assay for the indication of the activity of the cell bound differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is proposed using voltammetry on an in-vitro cell culture. The basis of the assay is cultivation of cells on gold microelectrodes in wells of a microplate, catalytic hydrolysis of p-aminophenyl phosphate by ALP and indication of p-aminophenol oxidation by square wave voltammetry (SWV) with the sensors onto which the cells attached. The morphology of the bone marrow stromal cell line (MBA-15) on the electrode surface was investigated and it exhibited in vitro osteogenic characteristics. Since ALP is expressed on the cell surface in early differentiation stage of osteoblastic cells, its activity was followed after different culture times over a period of 144 h by recording repetitive voltammograms at different time points upon addition of the substrate p-aminophenyl phosphate. The ALP activity was estimated from the signal increase related to formation rate of p-aminophenol and the number of cells. The highest value was measured at 120 h, when the cells reached confluence. The results of the electrochemical activity assay are consistent with the colorimetric acquired value from p-nitrophenol formation rate.
The application of electrospray ionization (ESI) ion mobility (IM) spectrometry on the detection end of a high-performance liquid chromatograph has been a subject of study for some time. So far, this method has been limited to low flow rates or has required splitting of the liquid flow. This work presents a novel concept of an ESI source facilitating the stable operation of the spectrometer at flow rates between 10 mu L min(-1) and 1500 mu L min(-1) without flow splitting, advancing the T-cylinder design developed by Kurnin and co-workers. Flow rates eight times faster than previously reported were achieved because of a more efficient dispersion of the liquid at increased electrospray voltages combined with nebulization by a sheath gas. Imaging revealed the spray operation to be in a rotationally symmetric multijet-mode. The novel ESI-IM spectrometer tolerates high water contents (<= 90%) and electrolyte concentrations up to 10 mM, meeting another condition required of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detectors. Limits of detection of 50 nM for promazine in the positive mode and 1 mu M for 1,3-dinitrobenzene in the negative mode were established. Three mixtures of reduced complexity (five surfactants, four neuroleptics, and two isomers) were separated in the millisecond regime in stand-alone operation of the spectrometer. Separations of two more complex mixtures (five neuroleptics and 13 pesticides) demonstrate the application of the spectrometer as an HPLC detector. The examples illustrate the advantages of the spectrometer over the established diode array detector, in terms of additional IM separation of substances not fully separated in the retention time domain as well as identification of substances based on their characteristic IMs.