Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (162)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Postprint (162) (remove)
Keywords
- exercise (7)
- football (7)
- embodied cognition (6)
- performance (5)
- working memory (5)
- fMRI (4)
- German (3)
- SNARC (3)
- adolescents (3)
- aging (3)
- balance (3)
- emotion (3)
- injury risk (3)
- interoception (3)
- language acquisition (3)
- locality (3)
- major depressive disorder (3)
- neuroimaging (3)
- physiology (3)
- training load (3)
- young athletes (3)
- youth (3)
- Adaptive Force (2)
- Aftercare (2)
- Children (2)
- Chronic conditions (2)
- Exercise (2)
- Holding isometric muscle action (2)
- Mechanotendography (2)
- NutriAct Family Study (2)
- Performance (2)
- Predictors (2)
- Pushing isometric muscle action (2)
- Quality of life (2)
- Randomized controlled trial (2)
- Spanish (2)
- activation (2)
- biomechanics (2)
- childhood (2)
- diabetes (2)
- doping (2)
- elite athletes (2)
- exercise therapy (2)
- expectation (2)
- eye movements (2)
- eye-tracking (2)
- fatigue (2)
- individual differences (2)
- injury (2)
- insula (2)
- interoceptive awareness (2)
- language (2)
- mental arithmetic (2)
- mental simulation (2)
- mind wandering (2)
- monitoring (2)
- neuromuscular (2)
- numerical cognition (2)
- obesity (2)
- oncology (2)
- operational momentum (2)
- osteoporosis (2)
- postural stability (2)
- rate of perceived exertion (2)
- recovery (2)
- reliability (2)
- resistance training (2)
- rolling averages (2)
- sentence comprehension (2)
- sentence processing (2)
- sport-specific performance (2)
- sports (2)
- training (2)
- validity (2)
- weighted moving averages (2)
- working memory capacity (2)
- ACT-R (1)
- ACWR (1)
- AUD (1)
- Achilles and patellar tendon (1)
- Acoustic Analysis (1)
- Adolescents (1)
- Adult-child interaction (1)
- Amygdala (1)
- Anti-doping guideline (1)
- Anti-doping program (1)
- Appearance (1)
- Attrition (1)
- Back pain diagnosis (1)
- Back pain prognosis (1)
- Balance (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Broca’s aphasia (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- COVID-19 pandemic (1)
- Cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- Cardiovascular diseases (1)
- Catalan VCV Sequences (1)
- Child (1)
- Chronic low back pain (1)
- Clinical psychology (1)
- Clinical supervision (1)
- Closure Positive Shift (CPS) (1)
- Cloze predictability (1)
- Co-occurrence probability (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Cognitive impairment (1)
- Coping (1)
- Coping skills and adjustment (1)
- Cost-effectiveness (1)
- Covert orienting (1)
- Cross-frequency PLV (1)
- Cross-sectoral care (1)
- Cystic fibrosis (1)
- DLT (1)
- Daily life (1)
- Data pooling (1)
- Decision making (1)
- Delirium prevention (1)
- Dementia (1)
- Developmental hyperscanning (1)
- Diary study (1)
- Digital intervention (1)
- Doping (1)
- Dual EEG analysis (1)
- Dynamometry (1)
- EEG (1)
- ERPs (1)
- Eating behavior (1)
- Eccentric muscle action (1)
- Education (1)
- Elective surgery (1)
- Elite sports schools (1)
- Embodied cognition (1)
- English (1)
- Event-related Potentials (ERP) (1)
- Evidence-based psychotherapy (1)
- Exercise therapy (1)
- Experience sampling method (1)
- Facial Expressions (1)
- Fatigue (1)
- FieldTrip (1)
- Fixational eye movements (1)
- Flat feet (1)
- Football (1)
- Footwear (1)
- Frailty (1)
- GNAT (1)
- Games (1)
- Geriatric rehabilitation (1)
- Grip force (1)
- Ground reaction force (1)
- HDL (1)
- Hamstring-quadriceps ratio (1)
- Healthy aging (1)
- Home-based (1)
- Human physical conditioning (1)
- Iambic/Trochaic Law (1)
- Individualized therapy (1)
- Information (1)
- Injury (1)
- Injury risk (1)
- Interoception (1)
- Intuitive eating (1)
- Isometric contraction (1)
- Isometric muscle action (1)
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (1)
- LDL (1)
- Learning (1)
- Lingual Coarticulation (1)
- Locus Equations (1)
- Mandarin-English bilinguals (1)
- Martial arts (1)
- Measure validation (1)
- Mechanomyography (1)
- Mental number line (1)
- Metaanalysis (1)
- Microsaccades (1)
- Microvascular blood filling (1)
- Mindfulness (1)
- Mixed methods (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Motor system (1)
- Movement (1)
- Multisensory (1)
- Muscle strength (1)
- Muscle twitch (1)
- Musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (1)
- Music cognition (1)
- Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (1)
- Noradrenaline (1)
- Number processing (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Older adults (1)
- Older patients (1)
- Outcome measures (1)
- Overhead athletes (1)
- Oxygen saturation (1)
- PLV (1)
- PROGRESS/TRIPOD (1)
- Pain screening (1)
- Partnership (1)
- Perception (1)
- Persian (1)
- Phase Locking Value (1)
- Plyometric exercise (1)
- Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (1)
- Prediction of disability/intensity (1)
- Prospective (1)
- Protective factors (1)
- Psychotherapeutic competencies (1)
- Psychotherapy research (1)
- Pulling isometric muscle action (1)
- RPE (1)
- Randomized-controlled trial (1)
- Recognition Memory (1)
- Recollection (1)
- Recovery (1)
- Regulatory focus (1)
- Rehabilitation (1)
- Repeated sprint (1)
- Resilience (1)
- Resiliency (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Resistance training (1)
- Role-playing (1)
- SEMG-pattern (1)
- SFON (1)
- SNARC effect (1)
- SRT (1)
- Scale development (1)
- Self-stigmatization (1)
- Shoulder (1)
- Simulated patients (1)
- Speech Motor Control (1)
- Speed (1)
- Sport-specific performance (1)
- Standardized patients (1)
- State and trait measurement (1)
- Stress levels (1)
- Stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- Stroop effect (1)
- Supervision (1)
- Swimming performance (1)
- Systematic review (1)
- TAVI (1)
- TMS (1)
- Team sports (1)
- Telerehabilitation (1)
- Time to task failure (1)
- Total hip replacement (1)
- Total knee replacement (1)
- Treatment pathways (1)
- Trust (1)
- Trustworthiness (1)
- Two forms of isometric muscle action (1)
- Type 1 diabetes (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- Video games (1)
- Vocal-Tract (1)
- Weight (1)
- Weight bias internalization (1)
- Weight management trial (1)
- Working memory (1)
- Yellow flags (1)
- Young swimmers (1)
- Youth (1)
- abstract concepts (1)
- academy (1)
- accommodation (1)
- achilles tendinopathy (1)
- action language (1)
- action processing (1)
- action segmentation (1)
- action words (1)
- acute chronic workload ratio (1)
- adaptability (1)
- adaptation to external force impact (1)
- adaptive force (1)
- adaptive holding capacity (1)
- addition (1)
- additive particles (1)
- adjectives (1)
- adolescent sport (1)
- advanced disease (1)
- aftercare (1)
- aggression (1)
- agility (1)
- aging brain (1)
- alcohol consumption (1)
- alexithymia (1)
- allometry (1)
- alpha-2 (1)
- alternatives (1)
- amateur soccer players (1)
- ambiguities (1)
- anaphoricity (1)
- anger (1)
- animacy (1)
- ankles (1)
- anterior cruciate ligament (1)
- antidepressants (1)
- antilocality (1)
- antonymy (1)
- apoptosis (1)
- approach (1)
- arithmetic (1)
- athletes (1)
- attention (1)
- attitude (1)
- automatic facial expression analysis (1)
- avoidance (1)
- back pain (1)
- balance strategy (1)
- balance training (1)
- behavior (1)
- behavioral and self-report measures (1)
- behavioral weight loss (1)
- bilingualism (1)
- biological age (1)
- biological maturation (1)
- blood (1)
- body density (1)
- body limbs (1)
- body shape (1)
- body-specificity hypothesis (1)
- bone mineral density (1)
- bone pathologies (1)
- bone–brain–nervous system interactions (1)
- break interventions (1)
- broadband and narrowband dimensions of behavior (1)
- bullying (1)
- calcaneal eversion (1)
- cancer (1)
- canoe racing (1)
- carcinoma (1)
- cardiac catheterization (CC) (1)
- cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- cardiomyopathy (1)
- carryover effects (1)
- central and peripheral vision (1)
- change (1)
- change of direction (1)
- change-of-direction speed (1)
- chemo-toxicity (1)
- child language (1)
- children and adolescents (1)
- cholesterol (1)
- chronic health condition (1)
- classroom climate (1)
- clauses (1)
- clinical pain research (1)
- coarticulation (1)
- cognition (1)
- cognitive bias (1)
- cognitive decline (1)
- cognitive enhancement (1)
- cognitive linguistics (1)
- cognitive module (1)
- cognitive psychology (1)
- cognitive resources (1)
- cognitive training (1)
- cognitive-postural dual task (1)
- cognitive/muscular fatigue (1)
- color (1)
- common ground (1)
- complaints (1)
- complex predicates (1)
- computer games (1)
- concurrent training (1)
- conditioning exercise (1)
- confidence (1)
- consultation (1)
- contractions (1)
- controlled trial (1)
- conversational implicature (1)
- core strength (1)
- corpus dataset (1)
- counting (1)
- creative problem solving (1)
- creativity (1)
- cross-domain priming (1)
- cross-lagged panel analysis (1)
- cruciate ligament injury (1)
- deep learning (1)
- depressive disorder (1)
- derivation (1)
- development (1)
- developmental dyslexia (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- dietary quality (1)
- discourse (1)
- distress (1)
- divergent thinking (1)
- drop jump (1)
- dual task (1)
- dual-task (1)
- early sport specialization (1)
- eccentric muscle action (1)
- eccentric-plyometric (1)
- electromyography (1)
- elf-determination theory (1)
- embodiment (1)
- emerging adults (1)
- emotion recognition (1)
- emotional expression (1)
- emotional intensity (1)
- emotional regulation (1)
- endocrine pathways (1)
- entropy (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- episodic memory (1)
- ethnic stereotypes (1)
- executive function (1)
- executive functions (1)
- exercise program (1)
- exercise training (1)
- experimental data (1)
- external load (1)
- external training load (1)
- eye movement (1)
- eyedness (1)
- eyes (1)
- face morphing (1)
- facial feedback (1)
- feeling of presence (1)
- feet (1)
- fiction (1)
- figurative language (1)
- fitness tests (1)
- food neophilia (1)
- footedness (1)
- force (1)
- freedom restriction (1)
- frequency (1)
- frustration (1)
- functional performance (1)
- gastrointestinal cancer (1)
- gestural organization (1)
- global positioning system (1)
- goal frames (1)
- granularity (1)
- ground reaction force (1)
- ground reaction forces (1)
- hamstring injuries (1)
- hamstring muscles (1)
- hand (1)
- health care (1)
- healthy eating (1)
- heart rate variability (1)
- hebrew (1)
- hematocrit (1)
- hemispheric asymmetry (1)
- heuristics and biases (1)
- high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1)
- high-intensity interval training (1)
- hip (1)
- home-based (1)
- hopelessness (1)
- hormones (1)
- hospitalization (1)
- human performance (1)
- human physical conditioning (1)
- human-robot interaction (1)
- humans (1)
- hypothesis (1)
- idiom (1)
- imaginary world (1)
- impact on pre-activated Achilles tendon (1)
- implicit associations (1)
- implicit learning (1)
- in-group stereotypes (1)
- inclusive education (1)
- incubation effect (1)
- inflection (1)
- information integration (1)
- input frequency (1)
- interference (1)
- internalizing behavior (1)
- interoceptive sensibility (1)
- intervention (1)
- isometric eccentric force (1)
- isometric muscle action (1)
- jump performance (1)
- jump training (1)
- jumping (1)
- kinematic boundary cues (1)
- kinematics (1)
- kinetics (1)
- knee osteoarthritis (1)
- knees (1)
- latency (1)
- laterality (1)
- lexicon (1)
- lexicon size (1)
- life events (1)
- limb overuse conditions (1)
- lingering misinterpretation (1)
- lipids (1)
- literacy acquisition (1)
- long-term (1)
- longitudinal (1)
- longitudinal study (1)
- low density lipoprotein cholesterol (1)
- low-back-pain (1)
- lower-extremity kinematics (1)
- macrostructure (1)
- magnetoencephalography (1)
- magnitude estimation (1)
- material fatigue (1)
- mathematical precursor (1)
- maturity (1)
- maximal voluntary contraction (1)
- measurement (1)
- mechanical tendinous oscillations (1)
- medial longitudinal arch (1)
- memory (1)
- mental health (1)
- mental number line (1)
- mental number line (MNL) (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- meta-science (1)
- metaphor (1)
- methodology (1)
- methods (1)
- miRNAs (1)
- microstructure (1)
- mindfulness-based stress reduction (1)
- mitochondrial adaptation (1)
- modality (1)
- modality compatibility (1)
- morphological decomposition (1)
- morphological errors (1)
- morphology (1)
- motivation (1)
- motor control (1)
- motor resonance (1)
- motor skills (1)
- motor system (1)
- motor unit synchronization (1)
- movement (1)
- mozart effect (1)
- muscle (1)
- muscle action (1)
- muscle activation (1)
- muscle coactivation (1)
- muscle fitness (1)
- muscle metabolism (1)
- muscle power (1)
- muscle strength (1)
- muscular activity (1)
- musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (1)
- music cognition (1)
- music information retrieval (1)
- music perception (1)
- musicality (1)
- narrative (1)
- narrative skills (1)
- negation (1)
- negative expectation (1)
- neuroendocrine (1)
- neuroenhancement (1)
- neuromuscular functionality (1)
- neuromuscular pre-activation (1)
- neuroplasticity (1)
- newborns (1)
- non-adjacent dependencies (1)
- non-athletes (1)
- number (1)
- number knowledge (1)
- oarsmen (1)
- object search (1)
- occupational prognosis (1)
- on-water performance (1)
- out-group stereotypes (1)
- overreaching (1)
- overtraining (1)
- overuse injuries (1)
- palliative care (1)
- paralinguistic features (1)
- passive stretching (1)
- past-tense (1)
- patient-centered care (1)
- peak torque (1)
- pelvic alignment (1)
- performance enhancement (1)
- perspective-taking (1)
- physical fitness (1)
- physical fitness expertise (1)
- physical performance (1)
- plyometric exercise (1)
- plyometric training (1)
- plyometrics (1)
- politeness (1)
- portuguese (1)
- postural control (1)
- postural sway (1)
- power (1)
- power improvement (1)
- pre-activity (1)
- pre-school (1)
- prefixes (1)
- preschoolers (1)
- presupposition (1)
- prevalence information (1)
- prevention (1)
- primary school (1)
- privileged ground (1)
- proactive aggression (1)
- problem solving (1)
- processing (1)
- prognosis (1)
- prosodic boundary cues (1)
- prosody processing (1)
- prototype-willingness-model (1)
- psycho-oncology (1)
- psychoeducation (1)
- psychopathology (1)
- psychophysiological (1)
- psychosocial stress (1)
- psychotherapy process (1)
- pupil diameter (1)
- quality (1)
- quality of life (1)
- race time (1)
- randomized-controlled-trial (1)
- range of motion (1)
- reactance (1)
- reactive aggression (1)
- recognition (1)
- recollection (1)
- rehabilitation (1)
- relational aggression (1)
- relational bullying (1)
- relative clauses (1)
- remission (1)
- replication (1)
- representation learning (1)
- response inhibition (1)
- response styles theory (1)
- responses (1)
- return to work (1)
- return-to-sport (1)
- rheumatic diseases (1)
- rhythm perception (1)
- rhythmic grouping (1)
- risk factors (1)
- risk-factors (1)
- role-play (1)
- rotation (1)
- rule learning (1)
- rules (1)
- rumination (1)
- runners (1)
- running (1)
- running mechanics (1)
- sAA (1)
- sACC (1)
- salivary alpha-amylase (1)
- scene memorization (1)
- scene viewing (1)
- schedule (1)
- scholastic demands (1)
- school (1)
- school learning (1)
- school mathematics (1)
- self threat (1)
- self-control (1)
- self-efficacy (1)
- self-paced reading (1)
- sensitivity (1)
- sensorimotor control (1)
- serial reaction time (SRT) task (1)
- sex-differences (1)
- skeletal joints (1)
- skills (1)
- social inclusion (1)
- social meaning (1)
- social reactivity (1)
- sociometric neglect (1)
- sociometric status (1)
- solid tumor (1)
- sonography (1)
- spatial frequencies (1)
- spatial frequency (SF) (1)
- spatial-numerical associations (1)
- special educational needs (1)
- specificity (1)
- speech kinematics (1)
- speech motor control (1)
- speech perception (1)
- speech segmentation (1)
- spelling (1)
- sprinting (1)
- stability (1)
- standardized patient (1)
- standardized patient information (1)
- standards (1)
- standing position (1)
- strength measurement system (1)
- stress intervention (1)
- stress management (1)
- stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- striking combat sports (1)
- study designs (1)
- study protocol (1)
- subtraction (1)
- surprisal (1)
- symptoms (1)
- syntax (1)
- synthesized voice (1)
- systematic review (1)
- systems (1)
- tVNS (1)
- taekwondo electronic scoring system (1)
- taekwondo-specific testing (1)
- talent (1)
- task (1)
- tasks (1)
- team handball (1)
- team sport (1)
- telerehabilitation (1)
- temporal frequency (1)
- text-to-speech (1)
- therapist competence (1)
- theta (1)
- time (1)
- time-efficient exercise (1)
- total hip replacement (1)
- total knee replacement (1)
- training adaptation (1)
- training intensity (1)
- training-program (1)
- transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (1)
- transfer (1)
- transformation (1)
- treatment integrity (1)
- triglycerides (1)
- trunk (1)
- ultrasound imaging (1)
- uncanny valley (1)
- variability (1)
- verb-phrase ellipsis (1)
- verbal bullying (1)
- virtual reality (1)
- virus infection (1)
- vowels (1)
- web-based (1)
- weightlifting (1)
- well-being (1)
- willingness to intervene (1)
- women (1)
- word processing (1)
- words (1)
- work capacity (1)
- yellow flags (1)
- youth football (1)
- youth sport (1)
- fixation duration (1)
Institute
- Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften (162) (remove)
Poor dietary quality is a major cause of morbidity, making the promotion of healthy eating a societal priority. Older adults are a critical target group for promoting healthy eating to enable healthy aging. One factor suggested to promote healthy eating is the willingness to try unfamiliar foods, referred to as food neophilia. This two-wave longitudinal study explored the stability of food neophilia and dietary quality and their prospective relationship over three years, analyzing self-reported data from N = 960 older adults (MT1 = 63.4, range = 50–84) participating in the NutriAct Family Study (NFS) in a cross-lagged panel design. Dietary quality was rated using the NutriAct diet score, based on the current evidence for chronic disease prevention. Food neophilia was measured using the Variety Seeking Tendency Scale. The analyses revealed high a longitudinal stability of both constructs and a small positive cross-sectional correlation between them. Food neophilia had no prospective effect on dietary quality, whereas a very small positive prospective effect of dietary quality on food neophilia was found. Our findings give initial insights into the positive relation of food neophilia and a health-promoting diet in aging and underscore the need for more in-depth research, e.g., on the constructs’ developmental trajectories and potential critical windows of opportunity for promoting food neophilia.
There is broad agreement among researchers to view mind wandering as an obstacle to learning because it draws attention away from learning tasks. Accordingly, empirical findings revealed negative correlations between the frequency of mind wandering during learning and various kinds of learning outcomes (e.g., text retention). However, a few studies have indicated positive effects of mind wandering on creativity in real-world learning environments. The present article reviews these studies and highlights potential benefits of mind wandering for learning mediated through creative processes. Furthermore, we propose various ways to promote useful mind wandering and, at the same time, minimize its negative impact on learning.
Physical activity and exercise are effective approaches in prevention and therapy of multiple diseases. Although the specific characteristics of lengthening contractions have the potential to be beneficial in many clinical conditions, eccentric training is not commonly used in clinical populations with metabolic, orthopaedic, or neurologic conditions. The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the feasibility, functional benefits, and systemic responses of an eccentric exercise program focused on the trunk and lower extremities in people with low back pain (LBP) and multiple sclerosis (MS). A six-week eccentric training program with three weekly sessions is performed by people with LBP and MS. The program consists of ten exercises addressing strength of the trunk and lower extremities. The study follows a four-group design (N = 12 per group) in two study centers (Israel and Germany): three groups perform the eccentric training program: A) control group (healthy, asymptomatic); B) people with LBP; C) people with MS; group D (people with MS) receives standard care physiotherapy. Baseline measurements are conducted before first training, post-measurement takes place after the last session both comprise blood sampling, self-reported questionnaires, mobility, balance, and strength testing. The feasibility of the eccentric training program will be evaluated using quantitative and qualitative measures related to the study process, compliance and adherence, safety, and overall program assessment. For preliminary assessment of potential intervention effects, surrogate parameters related to mobility, postural control, muscle strength and systemic effects are assessed. The presented study will add knowledge regarding safety, feasibility, and initial effects of eccentric training in people with orthopaedic and neurological conditions. The simple exercises, that are easily modifiable in complexity and intensity, are likely beneficial to other populations. Thus, multiple applications and implementation pathways for the herein presented training program are conceivable.
Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a debilitating injury in athletes, especially for those engaged in repetitive stretch-shortening cycle activities. Clinical risk factors are numerous, but it has been suggested that altered biomechanics might be associated with AT. No systematic review has been conducted investigating these biomechanical alterations in specifically athletic populations. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to compare the lower-limb biomechanics of athletes with AT to athletically matched asymptomatic controls. Databases were searched for relevant studies investigating biomechanics during gait activities and other motor tasks such as hopping, isolated strength tasks, and reflex responses. Inclusion criteria for studies were an AT diagnosis in at least one group, cross-sectional or prospective data, at least one outcome comparing biomechanical data between an AT and healthy group, and athletic populations. Studies were excluded if patients had Achilles tendon rupture/surgery, participants reported injuries other than AT, and when only within-subject data was available.. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for relevant outcomes. The initial search yielded 4,442 studies. After screening, twenty studies (775 total participants) were synthesised, reporting on a wide range of biomechanical outcomes. Females were under-represented and patients in the AT group were three years older on average. Biomechanical alterations were identified in some studies during running, hopping, jumping, strength tasks and reflex activity. Equally, several biomechanical variables studied were not associated with AT in included studies, indicating a conflicting picture. Kinematics in AT patients appeared to be altered in the lower limb, potentially indicating a pattern of “medial collapse”. Muscular activity of the calf and hips was different between groups, whereby AT patients exhibited greater calf electromyographic amplitudes despite lower plantar flexor strength. Overall, dynamic maximal strength of the plantar flexors, and isometric strength of the hips might be reduced in the AT group. This systematic review reports on several biomechanical alterations in athletes with AT. With further research, these factors could potentially form treatment targets for clinicians, although clinical approaches should take other contributing health factors into account. The studies included were of low quality, and currently no solid conclusions can be drawn.
Introduction: The body-specificity hypothesis states that in right-handers, positive concepts should be associated with the right side and negative concepts with the left side of the body. Following this hypothesis, our study postulated that negative out-group ethnic stereotypes would be associated with the left side, and positive in-group stereotypes would be associated with the right side.
Methods: The experiment consisted of two parts. First, we measured the spatial mapping of ethnic stereotypes by using a sensibility judgment task, in which participants had to decide whether a sentence was sensible or not by pressing either a left or a right key. The sentences included German vs. Arabic proper names. Second, we measured implicit ethnic stereotypes in the same participants using the Go/No-go Association Task (GNAT), in which Arabic vs. German proper names were presented in combination with positive vs. negative adjectives. Right-handed German native speakers (N = 92) participated in an online study.
Results: As predicted, in the GNAT, participants reacted faster to German names combined with positive adjectives and to Arabic names combined with negative adjectives, which is diagnostic of existing valenced in-and outgroup ethnic stereotypes. However, we failed to find any reliable effects in the sensibility judgment task, i.e., there was no evidence of spatial mapping of positive and negative ethnic stereotypes. There was no correlation between the results of the two tasks at the individual level. Further Bayesian analysis and exploratory analysis in the left-handed subsample (N = 9) corroborated the evidence in favor of null results.
Discussion: Our study suggests that ethnic stereotypes are not automatically mapped in a body-specific manner.
Background
Eating in absence of hunger is quite common and often associated with an increased energy intake co-existent with a poorer food choice. Intuitive eating (IE), i.e., eating in accordance with internal hunger and satiety cues, may protect from overeating. IE, however, requires accurate perception and processing of one’s own bodily signals, also referred to as interoceptive sensitivity. Training interoceptive sensitivity might therefore be an effective method to promote IE and prevent overeating. As most studies on eating behavior are conducted in younger adults and close social relationships influence health-related behavior, this study focuses on middle-aged and older couples.
Methods
The present pilot randomized intervention study aims at investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of a 21-day mindfulness-based training program designed to increase interoceptive sensitivity. A total of N = 60 couples participating in the NutriAct Family Study, aged 50–80 years, will be recruited. This randomized-controlled intervention study comprises three measurement points (pre-intervention, post-intervention, 4-week follow-up) and a 21-day training that consists of daily mindfulness-based guided audio exercises (e.g., body scan). A three-arm intervention study design is applied to compare two intervention groups (training together as a couple vs. training alone) with a control group (no training). Each measurement point includes the assessment of self-reported and objective indicators of interoceptive sensitivity (primary outcome), self-reported indicators of intuitive and maladaptive eating (secondary outcomes), and additional variables. A training evaluation applying focus group discussions will be conducted to assess participants’ overall acceptance of the training and its feasibility.
Discussion
By investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of a mindfulness-based training program to increase interoceptive sensitivity, the present study will contribute to a deeper understanding of how to promote healthy eating in older age.
Background
Maximal isokinetic strength ratios of joint flexors and extensors are important parameters to indicate the level of muscular balance at the joint. Further, in combat sports athletes, upper and lower limb muscle strength is affected by the type of sport. Thus, this study aimed to examine the differences in maximal isokinetic strength of the flexors and extensors and the corresponding flexor–extensor strength ratios of the elbows and knees in combat sports athletes.
Method
Forty male participants (age = 22.3 ± 2.5 years) from four different combat sports (amateur boxing, taekwondo, karate, and judo; n = 10 per sport) were tested for eccentric peak torque of the elbow/knee flexors (EF/KF) and concentric peak torque of the elbow/knee extensors (EE/KE) at three different angular velocities (60, 120, and 180°/s) on the dominant and non-dominant side using an isokinetic device.
Results
Analyses revealed significant, large-sized group × velocity × limb interactions for EF, EE, and EF–EE ratio, KF, KE, and KF–KE ratio (p ≤ 0.03; 0.91 ≤ d ≤ 1.75). Post-hoc analyses indicated that amateur boxers displayed the largest EE strength values on the non-dominant side at ≤ 120°/s and the dominant side at ≥ 120°/s (p < 0.03; 1.21 ≤ d ≤ 1.59). The largest EF–EE strength ratios were observed on amateur boxers’ and judokas’ non-dominant side at ≥ 120°/s (p < 0.04; 1.36 ≤ d ≤ 2.44). Further, we found lower KF–KE strength measures in karate (p < 0.04; 1.12 ≤ d ≤ 6.22) and judo athletes (p ≤ 0.03; 1.60 ≤ d ≤ 5.31) particularly on the non-dominant side.
Conclusions
The present findings indicated combat sport-specific differences in maximal isokinetic strength measures of EF, EE, KF, and KE particularly in favor of amateur boxers on the non-dominant side.
This study examined the spoken narrative skills of a group of bilingual Mandarin–English speaking 3–6-year-olds (N = 25) in Australia, using a remote online story-retell task. Bilingual preschoolers are an understudied population, especially those who are speaking typologically distinct languages such as Mandarin and English which have fewer structural overlaps compared to language pairs that are typologically closer, reducing cross-linguistic positive transfer. We examined these preschoolers’ spoken narrative skills as measured by macrostructures (the global organization of a story) and microstructures (linguistic structures, e.g., total number of utterances, nouns, verbs, phrases, and modifiers) across and within each language, and how various factors such as age and language experiences contribute to individual variability. The results indicate that our bilingual preschoolers acquired spoken narrative skills similarly across their two languages, i.e., showing similar patterns of productivity for macrostructure and microstructure elements in both of their two languages. While chronological age was positively correlated with macrostructures in both languages (showing developmental effects), there were no significant correlations between measures of language experiences and the measures of spoken narrative skills (no effects for language input/output). The findings suggest that although these preschoolers acquire two typologically diverse languages in different learning environments, Mandarin at home with highly educated parents, and English at preschool, they displayed similar levels of oral narrative skills as far as these macro−/micro-structure measures are concerned. This study provides further evidence for the feasibility of remote online assessment of preschoolers’ narrative skills.
Objective: There is a lack of brief rating scales for the reliable assessment of psychotherapeutic skills, which do not require intensive rater training and/or a high level of expertise. Thus, the objective is to validate a 14-item version of the Clinical Communication Skills Scale (CCSS-S).
Methods: Using a sample of N = 690 video-based ratings of role-plays with simulated patients, we calculated a confirmatory factor analysis and an exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), assessed convergent validities, determined inter-rater reliabilities and compared these with those who were either psychology students, advanced psychotherapy trainees, or experts.
Results: Correlations with other competence rating scales were high (rs > 0.86–0.89). The intraclass correlations ranged between moderate and good [ICC(2,2) = 0.65–0.80], with student raters yielding the lowest scores. The one-factor model only marginally replicated the data, but the internal consistencies were excellent (α = 0.91–95). The ESEM yielded a two-factor solution (Collaboration and Structuring and Exploration Skills).
Conclusion: The CCSS-S is a brief and valid rating scale that reliably assesses basic communication skills, which is particularly useful for psychotherapy training using standardized role-plays. To ensure good inter-rater reliabilities, it is still advisable to employ raters with at least some clinical experience. Future studies should further investigate the one- or two-factor structure of the instrument.
For life-long learning, an effective learning strategy repertoire is particularly important during acquisition of knowledge in lower secondary school—an educational level characterized with transition into more autonomous learning environments with increased complex academic demands. Using latent profile analysis, we explored the occurrence of different secondary school learner profiles depending on their various combinations of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategy use, as well as their differences in perceived autonomy support, intrinsic motivation, and gender. Data were collected from 576 ninth grade students in Uganda using self-report questionnaires. Four learner profiles were identified: competent strategy user, struggling user, surface-level learner, and deep-level learner profiles. Gender differences were noted in students’ use of elaboration and organization strategies to learn Physics, in favor of girls. In terms of profile memberships, significant differences in gender, intrinsic motivation and perceived autonomy support were also noted. Girls were 2.4–2.7 times more likely than boys to be members of the competent strategy user and surface-level learner profiles. Additionally, higher levels of intrinsic motivation predicted an increased likelihood membership into the deep-level learner profile, while higher levels of perceived teacher autonomy predicted an increased likelihood membership into the competent strategy user profile as compared to other profiles. Further, implications of the findings were discussed.