Refine
Year of publication
- 2016 (84) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (49)
- Doctoral Thesis (19)
- Postprint (7)
- Other (5)
- Review (4)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (84)
Keywords
- carotenoids (4)
- Dexamethasone (3)
- Epigenetics (3)
- Manganese (3)
- metabolic syndrome (3)
- protein (3)
- Caenorhabitis elegans (2)
- Chrysopidae (2)
- Geschmack (2)
- LC-MS/MS (2)
- Solanaceae (2)
- binding (2)
- biological pest control (2)
- c. elegans (2)
- cells (2)
- chronic kidney disease (2)
- disease (2)
- force-field (2)
- hsp-70 (2)
- inflammation (2)
- insulin (2)
- life-span (2)
- menadione (2)
- multiple-pest infestation (2)
- n-acetyl-cysteine (2)
- pink1 (2)
- plant volatiles (2)
- s-glutathionylation (2)
- taste (2)
- tritrophic system (2)
- type 2 diabetes (2)
- (9Z)-neoxanthin (1)
- 5-gliadin (1)
- 6-Shogaol (1)
- 6-shogaol (1)
- Allergenic food (1)
- Allicin (1)
- Amylase (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Apple polyphenoloxidase (1)
- Arsenic (1)
- Baked products (1)
- Barriere (1)
- Beta-lactoglobulin (1)
- Biocompatibility (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Bioreactor (1)
- Bittergeschmack (1)
- Bittergeschmacksrezeptoren (1)
- Blood pressure (1)
- Brassica oleracea var. sabellica (1)
- Brood size (1)
- CD, DLS (1)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- Cellular bioavailability (1)
- Cellular damage response (1)
- Chaperone (1)
- Clostridium difficile (1)
- Colonic microbiota (1)
- Covalent modification (1)
- DAF-16 transcription factor (1)
- DNMT1 (1)
- DPP-4 inhibition (1)
- Darmerkrankung (1)
- Decontamination (1)
- Delinquency (1)
- Demographic transitions (1)
- Dendritic core-multishell nanocarriers (1)
- Dermal drug delivery (1)
- Developmental programming (1)
- Diallyl disulfide (1)
- Dichlorofluorescein assay (1)
- Drug delivery systems (1)
- Edible insects (1)
- Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (1)
- Ellagsäure (1)
- Endothelin-1 transgenic mice (1)
- Enteric polymer (1)
- Entzündung (1)
- Enzyme (1)
- Ernährung (1)
- Erosion kinetics (1)
- Eudragit L 100 (1)
- Europe (1)
- Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) (1)
- FISH (1)
- Fatty acid hydroperoxides (1)
- Fetal programming (1)
- Fettsäuren (1)
- Fettwahrnehmung (1)
- Food labeling (1)
- Foxp3 (1)
- Free radicals (1)
- Fruits (1)
- Functionality (1)
- G-Protein gekoppelte Rezeptoren (1)
- G-protein coupled receptors (1)
- GADD45A and GADD45G (1)
- Garlic (1)
- Genotoxicity (1)
- Gestational diabetes (1)
- Global DNA methylation (1)
- Glutathione (1)
- HPLC (1)
- HSP70 (1)
- HaCaT cells (1)
- Heart weight (1)
- Heat shock proteins (1)
- Hepatic stellate cells (1)
- Hepatocytes (1)
- Heritabilität (1)
- Hochfettdiät (1)
- Hypermethylation (1)
- ICP-QQQ-MS (1)
- IgE (1)
- In vitro blood-brain barrier model (1)
- Inactivation (1)
- Inflammatory skin disease (1)
- Inorganic mercury (1)
- Insulin (1)
- Insulin resistance (1)
- Insulinresistenz (1)
- Intergenerational effects (1)
- Ischemia/reperfusion (1)
- Kachexie (1)
- Kidney weight (1)
- LC-MS (1)
- LC/MS/MS (1)
- LC/MS/MS; Quantification of allergenic plant traces (1)
- Leber (1)
- Lipase (1)
- Lipasen (1)
- Lipidomics (1)
- Liver fibrosis (1)
- Liver injury (1)
- Long-term cellular toxicity (1)
- Makrophagen (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Maus (1)
- Mercuric mercury (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metabolomics (1)
- Methylmercury (1)
- MicroRNAs (1)
- Microdialysis (1)
- Mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) (1)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1)
- Myrrhe (1)
- Neurone (1)
- Nutrition (1)
- Offending (1)
- Organic mercury (1)
- Oxidative stress (1)
- PCaaC38:6 (1)
- Palmitate (1)
- Parenthood (1)
- Paternal, maternal, sex differences (1)
- Peroxidatic and resolving cysteine (1)
- Peroxiredoxin (1)
- Peroxynitrite (1)
- Pharmacokinetics (1)
- Phenol-amino-adducts (1)
- Placenta (1)
- Plant allergen (soy, sesame, lupine) (1)
- Polymeric nanoparticles (1)
- Post-translational protein modification (1)
- Postharvest processing (1)
- Preterm birth (1)
- Proteasome (1)
- Protein functionality and modification (1)
- Protein oxidation (1)
- RBP4 (1)
- Regulatory T cells (Treg) (1)
- SCFA (1)
- Saccharomyces boulardii (1)
- Selenosugar 1 (1)
- Sensorik (1)
- Skin barrier disruption (1)
- Skin model (1)
- Skin nanocarrier (1)
- Skin penetration (1)
- Small selenium species (1)
- Speciation (1)
- Sphingolipids (1)
- Sphingosine 1-phosphate (1)
- Sphingosine kinase (1)
- Tas2r (1)
- Tas2rs (1)
- Technical enzymes (1)
- Th17 (1)
- Thermal and nonthermal treatment (1)
- Thio-arsenosugar-glycerol (1)
- Thio-dimethylarsinic acid (1)
- Thiol (1)
- Thiol-dependent peroxidase (1)
- Thiomersal (1)
- Thioredoxin (1)
- Thrifty phenotype (1)
- Tight Junction (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Toxicokinetics (1)
- Transplantation (1)
- Twister (TM) (1)
- Twister TM (1)
- Typ-2-Diabetes (1)
- Urine excretion (1)
- Verhaltensstudien (1)
- Very low birth weight infant (1)
- Vitamin A supplementation (1)
- Vitellogenin (1)
- Xylanase (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zwillingsstudie (1)
- absorption (1)
- acid sphingomyelinase (1)
- adipogenesis (1)
- adipose tissue dysregulation (1)
- age (1)
- albuminuria (1)
- alpha-SMA (1)
- angiotensin receptor blockers (1)
- antioxidants (1)
- barrier (1)
- behavioral experiments (1)
- beta-carotene (1)
- bile acids (1)
- bioavailability (1)
- bitter taste (1)
- bitter taste receptors (1)
- breast cancer (1)
- cachexia (1)
- caquexia (1)
- cardiometabolic diseases (1)
- cell wall deficient mutant (1)
- central nervous system (1)
- ceramide (1)
- colorectal cancer (1)
- cytokines (1)
- diabetes (1)
- diet (1)
- diurnal rhythm (1)
- drug design (1)
- drug metabolism (1)
- eNOS (1)
- egg yolk (1)
- ellagic acid (1)
- energy harvest (1)
- enzymes (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- epigenetics (1)
- expression analysis (1)
- extinction (1)
- fat perception (1)
- fatty acids (1)
- fatty liver (1)
- fígado (1)
- heat shock proteins (1)
- heritability (1)
- high fat diet (1)
- high protein diet (1)
- hippocampus (1)
- iCheck (1)
- immunoblot (1)
- inflamação (1)
- insulin resistance (1)
- insulina (1)
- intesinal disease (1)
- intestinal microbiota (1)
- linear gemischte Modelle (1)
- linear mixed models (1)
- lipases (1)
- lipidomics (1)
- liver (1)
- liver metabolism (1)
- low temperature (1)
- low-grade inflammation (1)
- lutein (1)
- lycopene (1)
- macrophage (1)
- macrophages (1)
- macrófagos (1)
- malnutrition (1)
- matrix metalloproteinases (1)
- metabolic disorders (1)
- metabolisches Syndrom (1)
- metabolism (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- microRNAs (1)
- micronutrient (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- molecular modeling (1)
- mouse (1)
- myrrh (1)
- neuron (1)
- nonlinear microscopy (1)
- nutrition (1)
- obesity (1)
- offspring (1)
- operant behavior (1)
- orphan crops (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- pH-sensitive nanoparticles (1)
- paternal programming (1)
- peripheral nervous system (1)
- peripheres Nervensystem (1)
- photosynthesis (1)
- plasma (1)
- prostate cancer (1)
- protein pattern (1)
- proteinuria (1)
- proteomic analysis (1)
- qPCR-based gene expression screening (1)
- quantitativ (1)
- quantitative (1)
- resistência à insulina (1)
- retinol (1)
- sensory analysis (1)
- single-cell analysis (1)
- spermatogenesis (1)
- sphingomyelin (1)
- sulfotransferase (1)
- síndrome metabólica (1)
- tight junction (1)
- tocopherol (1)
- tocopherols (1)
- transgenerational effects (1)
- twin study (1)
- underutilized species (1)
- vascular calcification (1)
- vascular smooth muscle cells (1)
- vegetables (1)
- wheat (1)
- zeaxanthin (1)
- zentrales Nervensystem (1)
Institute
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft (84) (remove)
Drug loaded dendritic core-multishell (CMS) nanocarriers are of especial interest for the treatment of skin diseases, owing to their striking dermal delivery efficiencies following topical applications. CMS nanocarriers are composed of a polyglycerol core, connected by amide-bonds to an inner alkyl shell and an outer methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) shell. Since topically applied nanocarriers are subjected to biodegradation, the application of conventional amide-based CMS nanocarriers (10-A-18-350) has been limited by the potential production of toxic polyglycerol amines. To circumvent this issue, three tailored ester-based CMS nanocarriers (10-E-12-350, 10-E-15-350, 10-E-18-350) of varying inner alkyl chain length were synthesized and comprehensively characterized in terms of particle size, drug loading, biodegradation and dermal drug delivery efficiency. Dexamethasone (DXM), a potent drug widely used for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, was chosen as a therapeutically relevant test compound for the present study. Ester-and amide-based CMS nanocarriers delivered DXM more efficiently into human skin than a commercially available DXM cream. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies identified CMS (10-E-15-350) as the most biocompatible carrier system. The anti-inflammatory potency of DXM-loaded CMS (10-E-15-350) nanocarriers was assessed in TNF alpha supplemented skin models, where a significant reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 was seen, with markedly greater efficacy than commercial DXM cream. In summary, we report the rational design and characterization of tailored, biodegradable, ester-based CMS nanocarriers, and their subsequent stepwise screening for biocompatibility, dermal delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy in a top-down approach yielding the best carrier system for topical applications. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Understanding penetration not only in intact, but also in lesional skin with impaired skin barrier function is important, in order to explore the surplus value of nanoparticle-based drug delivery for anti-inflammatory dermatotherapy. Herein, short-termex vivo cultures of (i) intact human skin, (ii) skin pretreated with tape-strippings and (iii) skin pre-exposed to sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) were used to assess the penetration of dexamethasone (Dex). Intradermal microdialysis was utilized for up to 24 h after drug application as commercial cream, nanocrystals or ethyl cellulose nanocarriers applied at the therapeutic concentration of 0.05%, respectively. In addition, Dex was assessed in culture media and extracts from stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis after 24 h, and the results were compared to those in heat-separated split skin from studies in Franz diffusion cells. Providing fast drug release, nanocrystals significantly accelerated the penetration of Dex. In contrast to the application of cream and ethyl cellulose nanocarriers, Dex was already detectable in eluates after 6 h when applying nanocrystals on intact skin. Disruption of the skin barrier further accelerated and enhanced the penetration. Encapsulation in ethyl cellulose nanocarriers delayed Dex penetration. Interestingly, for all formulations highly increased concentrations in the dialysate were observed in tape-stripped skin, whereas the extent of enhancement was less in SLS-exposed skin. The results were confirmed in tissue extracts and were in line with the predictions made by in vitro release studies and ex vivo Franz diffusion cell experiments. The use of 45 kDa probes further enabled the collection of inflammatory cytokines. However, the estimation of glucocorticoid efficacy by Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 analysis was limited due to the trauma induced by the probe insertion. Ex vivo intradermal microdialysis combined with culture media analysis provides an effective, skin-sparing method for preclinical assessment of novel drug delivery systems at therapeutic doses in models of diseased skin. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The right choice of analytical methods for plant allergen quantification is a deciding factor for the correct assessment and labeling of allergens in processed food in view of consumer protection. The aim of the present study was to develop a validated target peptide multi-method by LC/MS/MS providing high specificity and sensitivity for plant allergen protein detection, plant identification in vegan or vegetarian products using peptide markers for quantification. The methodical concept considers the selection of target peptides of thermostable allergenic plant proteins (Gly m6 soy, Ses i6 sesame and (beta-conglutin from white lupine) by data base research, BLAST and in silico digestion using Skyline software. Different allergenic concentration levels of these proteins were integrated into our own reference bakery products and quantified with. synthesized isotopically labeled peptides after in-solution digestion using LC/MS/MS. Recovery rates within the range of 70-113% and LOQ of 10 ppm-50 ppm (mg allergenic food/kg) could be determined. The results are independent of thermal processing applied during baking and of epitope binding site for the tested allergens. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is the intracellular bacterium responsible for tuberculosis disease (TD). Inside the phagosomes of activated macrophages, M. tuberculosis is exposed to cytotoxic hydroperoxides such as hydrogen peroxide, fatty acid hydroperoxides and peroxynitrite. Thus, the characterization of the bacterial antioxidant systems could facilitate novel drug developments. In this work, we characterized the product of the gene Rv1608c from M. tuberculosis, which according to sequence homology had been annotated as a putative peroxiredoxin of the peroxiredoxin Q subfamily (PrxQ B from M. tuberculosis or MtPrxQ B). The protein has been reported to be essential for M. tuberculosis growth in cholesterol-rich medium. We demonstrated the M. tuberculosis thioredoxin B/C-dependent peroxidase activity of MtPrxQ B, which acted as a two-cysteine peroxiredoxin that could function, although less efficiently, using a one-cysteine mechanism. Through steady-state and competition kinetic analysis, we proved that the net forward rate constant of MtPrxQ B reaction was 3 orders of magnitude faster for fatty acid hydroperoxides than for hydrogen peroxide (3x10(6) vs 6x10(3) M-1 s(-1), respectively), while the rate constant of peroxynitrite reduction was (0.6-1.4) x10(6) M-1 s(-1) at pH 7.4. The enzyme lacked activity towards cholesterol hydroperoxides solubilized in sodium deoxycholate. Both thioredoxin B and C rapidly reduced the oxidized form of MtPrxQ B, with rates constants of 0.5x10(6) and 1x10(6) M-1 s(-1), respectively. Our data indicated that MtPrxQ B is monomeric in solution both under reduced and oxidized states. In spite of the similar hydrodynamic behavior the reduced and oxidized forms of the protein showed important structural differences that were reflected in the protein circular dichroism spectra.
Scope: The trace element selenium (Se) is an integral component of our diet. However, its metabolism and toxicity following elevated uptake are not fully understood. Since the either adverse or beneficial health effects strongly depend on the ingested Se species, five low molecular weight species were investigated regarding their toxicological effects, cellular bioavailability and species-specific metabolism in human cells. Methods and results: For the first time, the urinary metabolites methyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy1- seleno-beta-D-galactopyranoside (selenosugar 1) and trimethylselenonium ion (TMSe) were toxicologically characterised in comparison to the food relevant species methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys), selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenite in human urothelial, astrocytoma and hepatoma cells. In all cell lines selenosugar 1 and TMSe showed no cytotoxicity. Selenite, MeSeCys and SeMet exerted substantial cytotoxicity, which was strongest in the urothelial cells. There was no correlation between the potencies of the respective toxic effects and the measured cellular Se concentrations. Se speciation indicated that metabolism of the respective species is likely to affect cellular toxicity. Conclusion: Despite being taken up, selenosugar 1 and TMSe are non-cytotoxic to urothelial cells, most likely because they are not metabolically activated. The absent cytotoxicity of selenosugar 1 and TMSe up to supra-physiological concentrations, support their importance as metabolites for Se detoxification.
The physiological functions of sphingolipids in animals have been intensively studied, while less attention has been paid to their roles in plants. Here, we reveal the involvement of sphingolipid delta8 desaturase (SlSLD) in the chilling resistance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom). We used the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach to knock-down SlSLD expression in tomato leaves, and then evaluated chilling resistance. Changes in leaf cell structure under a chilling treatment were observed by transmission electron microscopy. In control plants, SlSLD was highly expressed in the fruit and leaves in response to a chilling treatment. The degree of chilling damage was greater in SlSLD-silenced plants than in control plants, indicating that SlSLD knock-down significantly reduced the chilling resistance of tomato. Compared with control plants, SlSLD-silenced plants showed higher relative electrolytic leakage and malondialdehyde content, and lower superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities after a chilling treatment. Chilling severely damaged the chloroplasts in SlSLD-silenced plants, resulting in the disruption of chloroplast membranes, swelling of thylakoids, and reduced granal stacking. Together, these results show that SlSLD is crucial for chilling resistance in tomato.
Background: Transport of methylmercury (MeHg) across the blood-brain barrier towards the brain side is well discussed in literature, while ethylmercury (EtHg) and inorganic mercury are not adequately characterized regarding their entry into the brain. Studies investigating a possible efflux out of the brain are not described to our knowledge. Methods: This study compares, for the first time, effects of organic methylmercury chloride (MeHgCl), EtHg-containing thiomersal and inorganic Hg chloride (HgCl2) on as well as their transfer across a primary porcine in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. Results: With respect to the barrier integrity, the barrier model exhibited a much higher sensitivity towards HgCl2 following basolateral incubation (brain-facing side) as compared to apical application (blood-facing side). These HgCl2 induced effects on the barrier integrity after brain side incubation are comparable to that of the organic species, although MeHgCl and thiomersal exerted much higher cytotoxic effects in the barrier building cells. Hg transfer rates following exposure to organic species in both directions argue for diffusion as transfer mechanism. Inorganic Hg application surprisingly resulted in a Hg transfer out of the brain-facing compartment. Conclusions: In case of MeHgCl and thiomersal incubation, mercury crossed the barrier in both directions, with a slight accumulation in the basolateral, brain-facing compartment, after simultaneous incubation in both compartments. For HgCl2, our data provide first evidence that the blood-brain barrier transfers mercury out of the brain.
The spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch and the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) both infest a number of economically significant crops, including tomato (Solanurn lycopersicum). Although used for decades to control pests, the impact of green lacewing larvae Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on plant biochemistry was not investigated. Here, we used profiling methods and targeted analyses to explore the impact of the predator and herbivore(s)-predator interactions on tomato biochemistry. Each pest and pest -predator combination induced a characteristic metabolite signature in the leaf and the fruit thus, the plant exhibited a systemic response. The treatments had a stronger impact on non-volatile metabolites including abscisic acid and amino acids in the leaves in comparison with the fruits. In contrast, the various biotic factors had a greater impact on the carotenoids in the fruits. We identified volatiles such as myrcene and alpha-terpinene which were induced by pest -predator interactions but not by single species, and we demonstrated the involvement of the phytohormone abscisic acid in tritrophic interactions for the first time. More importantly, C. carnea larvae alone impacted the plant metabolome, but the predator did not appear to elicit particular defense pathways on its own. Since the presence of both C. carnea larvae and pest individuals elicited volatiles which were shown to contribute to plant defense, C. carnea larvae could therefore contribute to the reduction of pest infestation, not only by its preying activity, but also by priming responses to generalist herbivores such as T urticae and M. persicae. On the other hand, the use of C. carnea larvae alone did not impact carotenoids thus, was not prejudicial to the fruit quality. The present piece of research highlights the specific impact of predator and tritrophic interactions with green lacewing larvae, spider mites, and aphids on different components of the tomato primary and secondary metabolism for the first time, and provides cues for further in-depth studies aiming to integrate entomological approaches and plant biochemistry.
Plasma carotenoids, tocopherols, and retinol in the age-stratified (35–74 years) general population
(2016)
Blood micronutrient status may change with age. We analyzed plasma carotenoids, α-/γ-tocopherol, and retinol and their associations with age, demographic characteristics, and dietary habits (assessed by a short food frequency questionnaire) in a cross-sectional study of 2118 women and men (age-stratified from 35 to 74 years) of the general population from six European countries. Higher age was associated with lower lycopene and α-/β-carotene and higher β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, α-/γ-tocopherol, and retinol levels. Significant correlations with age were observed for lycopene (r = −0.248), α-tocopherol (r = 0.208), α-carotene (r = −0.112), and β-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.125; all p < 0.001). Age was inversely associated with lycopene (−6.5% per five-year age increase) and this association remained in the multiple regression model with the significant predictors (covariables) being country, season, cholesterol, gender, smoking status, body mass index (BMI (kg/m2)), and dietary habits. The positive association of α-tocopherol with age remained when all covariates including cholesterol and use of vitamin supplements were included (1.7% vs. 2.4% per five-year age increase). The association of higher β-cryptoxanthin with higher age was no longer statistically significant after adjustment for fruit consumption, whereas the inverse association of α-carotene with age remained in the fully adjusted multivariable model (−4.8% vs. −3.8% per five-year age increase). We conclude from our study that age is an independent predictor of plasma lycopene, α-tocopherol, and α-carotene.
Gut bacteria exert beneficial and harmful effects in metabolic diseases as deduced from the comparison of germfree and conventional mice and from fecal transplantation studies. Compositional microbial changes in diseased subjects have been linked to adiposity, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Promotion of an increased expression of intestinal nutrient transporters or a modified lipid and bile acid metabolism by the intestinal microbiota could result in an increased nutrient absorption by the host. The degradation of dietary fiber and the subsequent fermentation of monosaccharides to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) is one of the most controversially discussed mechanisms of how gut bacteria impact host physiology. Fibers reduce the energy density of the diet, and the resulting SCFA promote intestinal gluconeogenesis, incretin formation and subsequently satiety. However, SCFA also deliver energy to the host and support liponeogenesis. Thus far, there is little knowledge on bacterial species that promote or prevent metabolic disease. Clostridium ramosum and Enterococcus cloacae were demonstrated to promote obesity in gnotobiotic mouse models, whereas bifidobacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila were associated with favorable phenotypes in conventional mice, especially when oligofructose was fed. How diet modulates the gut microbiota towards a beneficial or harmful composition needs further research. Gnotobiotic animals are a valuable tool to elucidate mechanisms underlying diet-host-microbe interactions.