- Humans typically read at incredibly fast rates, because they predict likely occurring words from a given context. Here, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to track the ultra-rapid hemodynamic responses of words presented every 280 ms in a naturally paced sentence context. We found a lower occipital deoxygenation to unpredictable than to predictable words. The greater hemodynamic responses to unexpected words suggest that the visual features of expected words have been pre-activated previous to stimulus presentation. Second, we tested opposing theoretical proposals about the role of the medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC): Either OFC may respond to the breach of expectation; or OFC is activated when the present stimulus matches the prediction. A significant interaction between word frequency and predictability indicated OFC responses to breaches of expectation for low- but not for high-frequency words: OFC is sensitive to both, bottom-up processing as mediated by word frequency, as well as top-down predictions.Humans typically read at incredibly fast rates, because they predict likely occurring words from a given context. Here, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to track the ultra-rapid hemodynamic responses of words presented every 280 ms in a naturally paced sentence context. We found a lower occipital deoxygenation to unpredictable than to predictable words. The greater hemodynamic responses to unexpected words suggest that the visual features of expected words have been pre-activated previous to stimulus presentation. Second, we tested opposing theoretical proposals about the role of the medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC): Either OFC may respond to the breach of expectation; or OFC is activated when the present stimulus matches the prediction. A significant interaction between word frequency and predictability indicated OFC responses to breaches of expectation for low- but not for high-frequency words: OFC is sensitive to both, bottom-up processing as mediated by word frequency, as well as top-down predictions. Particularly, when a rare word is unpredictable, OFC becomes active. Finally, we discuss how a high temporal resolution can help future studies to disentangle the hemodynamic responses of single trials in such an ultra-rapid event succession as naturally paced reading. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.…
MetadatenVerfasserangaben: | Markus J. Hofmann, Michael Dambacher, Arthur M. Jacobs, Reinhold KlieglORCiDGND, Ralph Radach, Lars Kuchinke, Michael M. Plichta, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Martin J. Herrmann |
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DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.014 |
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ISSN: | 1053-8119 |
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ISSN: | 1095-9572 |
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Pubmed ID: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24642288 |
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Titel des übergeordneten Werks (Englisch): | NeuroImage : a journal of brain function |
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Verlag: | Elsevier |
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Verlagsort: | San Diego |
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Publikationstyp: | Wissenschaftlicher Artikel |
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Sprache: | Englisch |
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Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung: | 2014 |
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Erscheinungsjahr: | 2014 |
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Datum der Freischaltung: | 27.03.2017 |
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Freies Schlagwort / Tag: | Bayesian brain; Cloze probability; Frontopolar; Orbitofrontal; Predictive coding |
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Band: | 94 |
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Seitenanzahl: | 10 |
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Erste Seite: | 193 |
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Letzte Seite: | 202 |
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Fördernde Institution: | Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [JA 823/4-1, JA 823/4-2, HO5139/2-1] |
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Organisationseinheiten: | Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät / Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften / Department Psychologie |
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Peer Review: | Referiert |
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Name der Einrichtung zum Zeitpunkt der Publikation: | Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät / Institut für Psychologie |
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