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Taal, H. Rob ; St Pourcain, Beate ; Thiering, Elisabeth ; Das, Shikta ; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. ; Warrington, Nicole M. ; Kaakinen, Marika ; Kreiner-Moller, Eskil ; Bradfield, Jonathan P. ; Freathy, Rachel M. ; Geller, Frank ; Guxens, Monica ; Cousminer, Diana L. ; Kerkhof, Marjan ; Timpson, Nicholas J. ; Ikram, M. Arfan ; Beilin, Lawrence J. ; Bonnelykke, Klaus ; Buxton, Jessica L. ; Charoen, Pimphen ; Chawes, Bo Lund Krogsgaard ; Eriksson, Johan ; Evans, David M. ; Hofman, Albert ; Kemp, John P. ; Kim, Cecilia E. ; Klopp, Norman ; Lahti, Jari ; Lye, Stephen J. ; McMahon, George ; Mentch, Frank D. ; Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina ; O'Reilly, Paul F. ; Prokopenko, Inga ; Rivadeneira, Fernando ; Steegers, Eric A. P. ; Sunyer, Jordi ; Tiesler, Carla ; Yaghootkar, Hanieh ; Breteler, Monique M. B. ; Debette, Stephanie ; Fornage, Myriam ; Gudnason, Vilmundur ; Launer, Lenore J. ; van der Lugt, Aad ; Mosley, Thomas H. ; Seshadri, Sudha ; Smith, Albert V. ; Vernooij, Meike W. ; Blakemore, Alexandra I. F. ; Chiavacci, Rosetta M. ; Feenstra, Bjarke ; Fernandez-Banet, Julio ; Grant, Struan F. A. ; Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa ; van der Heijden, Albert J. ; Iniguez, Carmen ; Lathrop, Mark ; McArdle, Wendy L. ; Molgaard, Anne ; Newnham, John P. ; Palmer, Lyle J. ; Palotie, Aarno ; Pouta, Annneli ; Ring, Susan M. ; Sovio, Ulla ; Standl, Marie ; Uitterlinden, Andre G. ; Wichmann, H-Erich ; Vissing, Nadja Hawwa ; DeCarli, Charles ; van Duijn, Cornelia M. ; McCarthy, Mark I. ; Koppelman, Gerard H. ; Estivill, Xavier ; Hattersley, Andrew T. ; Melbye, Mads ; Bisgaard, Hans ; Pennell, Craig E. ; Widen, Elisabeth ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Smith, George Davey ; Heinrich, Joachim ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. ; Adair, Linda S. ; Ang, Wei ; Atalay, Mustafa ; van Beijsterveldt, Toos ; Bergen, Nienke ; Benke, Kelly ; Berry, Diane J. ; Bradfield, Jonathan P. ; Charoen, Pimphen ; Coin, Lachlan ; Cousminer, Diana L. ; Das, Shikta ; Davis, Oliver S. P. ; Elliott, Paul ; Evans, David M. ; Feenstra, Bjarke ; Flexeder, Claudia ; Frayling, Tim ; Freathy, Rachel M. ; Gaillard, Romy ; Geller, Frank ; Groen-Blokhuis, Maria ; Goh, Liang-Kee ; Guxens, Monica ; Haworth, Claire M. A. ; Hadley, Dexter ; Hebebrand, Johannes ; Hinney, Anke ; Hirschhorn, Joel N. ; Holloway, John W. ; Holst, Claus ; Hottenga, Jouke Jan ; Horikoshi, Momoko ; Huikari, Ville ; Hypponen, Elina ; Iniguez, Carmen ; Kaakinen, Marika ; Kilpelainen, Tuomas O. ; Kirin, Mirna ; Kowgier, Matthew ; Lakka, Hanna-Maaria ; Lange, Leslie A. ; Lawlor, Debbie A. ; Lehtimaki, Terho ; Lewin, Alex ; Lindgren, Cecilia ; Lindi, Virpi ; Maggi, Reedik ; Marsh, Julie ; Middeldorp, Christel ; Millwood, Iona ; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. ; Murray, Jeffrey C. ; Nivard, Michel ; Nohr, Ellen Aagaard ; Ntalla, Ioanna ; Oken, Emily ; O'Reilly, Paul F. ; Palmer, Lyle J. ; Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope ; Pararajasingham, Jennifer ; Prokopenko, Inga ; Rodriguez, Alina ; Salem, Rany M. ; Sebert, Sylvain ; Siitonen, Niina ; Sovio, Ulla ; St Pourcain, Beate ; Strachan, David P. ; Sunyer, Jordi ; Taal, H. Rob ; Teo, Yik-Ying ; Thiering, Elisabeth ; Tiesler, Carla ; Uitterlinden, Andre G. ; Valcarcel, Beatriz ; Warrington, Nicole M. ; White, Scott ; Willemsen, Gonneke ; Yaghootkar, Hanieh ; Zeggini, Eleftheria ; Boomsma, Dorret I. ; Cooper, Cyrus ; Estivill, Xavier ; Gillman, Matthew ; Grant, Struan F. A. ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Hattersley, Andrew T. ; Heinrich, Joachim ; Hocher, Berthold ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; Lakka, Timo A. ; McCarthy, Mark I. ; Melbye, Mads ; Mohlke, Karen L. ; Dedoussis, George V. ; Ong, Ken K. ; Pearson, Ewan R. ; Pennell, Craig E. ; Price, Thomas S. ; Power, Chris ; Raitakari, Olli T. ; Saw, Seang-Mei ; Scherag, Andre ; Simell, Olli ; Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. ; Timpson, Nicholas J. ; Widen, Elisabeth ; Wilson, James F. ; Ang, Wei ; van Beijsterveldt, Toos ; Bergen, Nienke ; Benke, Kelly ; Berry, Diane J. ; Bradfield, Jonathan P. ; Charoen, Pimphen ; Coin, Lachlan ; Cousminer, Diana L. ; Das, Shikta ; Elliott, Paul ; Evans, David M. ; Frayling, Tim ; Freathy, Rachel M. ; Gaillard, Romy ; Groen-Blokhuis, Maria ; Guxens, Monica ; Hadley, Dexter ; Hottenga, Jouke Jan ; Huikari, Ville ; Hypponen, Elina ; Kaakinen, Marika ; Kowgier, Matthew ; Lawlor, Debbie A. ; Lewin, Alex ; Lindgren, Cecilia ; Marsh, Julie ; Middeldorp, Christel ; Millwood, Iona ; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. ; Nivard, Michel ; O'Reilly, Paul F. ; Palmer, Lyle J. ; Prokopenko, Inga ; Rodriguez, Alina ; Sebert, Sylvain ; Sovio, Ulla ; St Pourcain, Beate ; Standl, Marie ; Strachan, David P. ; Sunyer, Jordi ; Taal, H. Rob ; Thiering, Elisabeth ; Tiesler, Carla ; Uitterlinden, Andre G. ; Valcarcel, Beatriz ; Warrington, Nicole M. ; White, Scott ; Willemsen, Gonneke ; Yaghootkar, Hanieh ; Boomsma, Dorret I. ; Estivill, Xavier ; Grant, Struan F. A. ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Hattersley, Andrew T. ; Heinrich, Joachim ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; McCarthy, Mark I. ; Pennell, Craig E. ; Power, Chris ; Timpson, Nicholas J. ; Widen, Elisabeth ; Ikram, M. Arfan ; Fornage, Myriam ; Smith, Albert V. ; Seshadri, Sudha ; Schmidt, Reinhold ; Debette, Stephanie ; Vrooman, Henri A. ; Sigurdsson, Sigurdur ; Ropele, Stefan ; Coker, Laura H. ; Longstreth, W. T. ; Niessen, Wiro J. ; DeStefano, Anita L. ; Beiser, Alexa ; Zijdenbos, Alex P. ; Struchalin, Maksim ; Jack, Clifford R. ; Nalls, Mike A. ; Au, Rhoda ; Hofman, Albert ; Gudnason, Haukur ; van der Lugt, Aad ; Harris, Tamara B. ; Meeks, William M. ; Vernooij, Meike W. ; van Buchem, Mark A. ; Catellier, Diane ; Gudnason, Vilmundur ; Windham, B. Gwen ; Wolf, Philip A. ; van Duijn, Cornelia M. ; Mosley, Thomas H. ; Schmidt, Helena ; Launer, Lenore J. ; Breteler, Monique M. B. ; DeCarli, Charles
To identify genetic variants associated with head circumference in infancy, we performed a meta-analysis of seven genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (N = 10,768 individuals of European ancestry enrolled in pregnancy and/or birth cohorts) and followed up three lead signals in six replication studies (combined N = 19,089). rs7980687 on chromosome 12q24 (P = 8.1 x 10(-9)) and rs1042725 on chromosome 12q15 (P = 2.8 x 10(-10)) were robustly associated with head circumference in infancy. Although these loci have previously been associated with adult height(1), their effects on infant head circumference were largely independent of height (P = 3.8 x 10(-7) for rs7980687 and P = 1.3 x 10(-7) for rs1042725 after adjustment for infant height). A third signal, rs11655470 on chromosome 17q21, showed suggestive evidence of association with head circumference (P = 3.9 x 10(-6)). SNPs correlated to the 17q21 signal have shown genome-wide association with adult intracranial volume(2), Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases(3-5), indicating that a common genetic variant in this region might link early brain growth with neurological disease in later life.
A catalog of genetic loci associated with kidney function from analyses of a million individuals
(2019)
Wuttke, Matthias ; Li, Yong ; Li, Man ; Sieber, Karsten B. ; Feitosa, Mary F. ; Gorski, Mathias ; Tin, Adrienne ; Wang, Lihua ; Chu, Audrey Y. ; Hoppmann, Anselm ; Kirsten, Holger ; Giri, Ayush ; Chai, Jin-Fang ; Sveinbjornsson, Gardar ; Tayo, Bamidele O. ; Nutile, Teresa ; Fuchsberger, Christian ; Marten, Jonathan ; Cocca, Massimiliano ; Ghasemi, Sahar ; Xu, Yizhe ; Horn, Katrin ; Noce, Damia ; Van der Most, Peter J. ; Sedaghat, Sanaz ; Yu, Zhi ; Akiyama, Masato ; Afaq, Saima ; Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh ; Almgren, Peter ; Amin, Najaf ; Arnlov, Johan ; Bakker, Stephan J. L. ; Bansal, Nisha ; Baptista, Daniela ; Bergmann, Sven ; Biggs, Mary L. ; Biino, Ginevra ; Boehnke, Michael ; Boerwinkle, Eric ; Boissel, Mathilde ; Böttinger, Erwin ; Boutin, Thibaud S. ; Brenner, Hermann ; Brumat, Marco ; Burkhardt, Ralph ; Butterworth, Adam S. ; Campana, Eric ; Campbell, Archie ; Campbell, Harry ; Canouil, Mickael ; Carroll, Robert J. ; Catamo, Eulalia ; Chambers, John C. ; Chee, Miao-Ling ; Chee, Miao-Li ; Chen, Xu ; Cheng, Ching-Yu ; Cheng, Yurong ; Christensen, Kaare ; Cifkova, Renata ; Ciullo, Marina ; Concas, Maria Pina ; Cook, James P. ; Coresh, Josef ; Corre, Tanguy ; Sala, Cinzia Felicita ; Cusi, Daniele ; Danesh, John ; Daw, E. Warwick ; De Borst, Martin H. ; De Grandi, Alessandro ; De Mutsert, Renee ; De Vries, Aiko P. J. ; Degenhardt, Frauke ; Delgado, Graciela ; Demirkan, Ayse ; Di Angelantonio, Emanuele ; Dittrich, Katalin ; Divers, Jasmin ; Dorajoo, Rajkumar ; Eckardt, Kai-Uwe ; Ehret, Georg ; Elliott, Paul ; Endlich, Karlhans ; Evans, Michele K. ; Felix, Janine F. ; Foo, Valencia Hui Xian ; Franco, Oscar H. ; Franke, Andre ; Freedman, Barry I. ; Freitag-Wolf, Sandra ; Friedlander, Yechiel ; Froguel, Philippe ; Gansevoort, Ron T. ; Gao, He ; Gasparini, Paolo ; Gaziano, J. Michael ; Giedraitis, Vilmantas ; Gieger, Christian ; Girotto, Giorgia ; Giulianini, Franco ; Gogele, Martin ; Gordon, Scott D. ; Gudbjartsson, Daniel F. ; Gudnason, Vilmundur ; Haller, Toomas ; Hamet, Pavel ; Harris, Tamara B. ; Hartman, Catharina A. ; Hayward, Caroline ; Hellwege, Jacklyn N. ; Heng, Chew-Kiat ; Hicks, Andrew A. ; Hofer, Edith ; Huang, Wei ; Hutri-Kahonen, Nina ; Hwang, Shih-Jen ; Ikram, M. Arfan ; Indridason, Olafur S. ; Ingelsson, Erik ; Ising, Marcus ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. ; Jakobsdottir, Johanna ; Jonas, Jost B. ; Joshi, Peter K. ; Josyula, Navya Shilpa ; Jung, Bettina ; Kahonen, Mika ; Kamatani, Yoichiro ; Kammerer, Candace M. ; Kanai, Masahiro ; Kastarinen, Mika ; Kerr, Shona M. ; Khor, Chiea-Chuen ; Kiess, Wieland ; Kleber, Marcus E. ; Koenig, Wolfgang ; Kooner, Jaspal S. ; Korner, Antje ; Kovacs, Peter ; Kraja, Aldi T. ; Krajcoviechova, Alena ; Kramer, Holly ; Kramer, Bernhard K. ; Kronenberg, Florian ; Kubo, Michiaki ; Kuhnel, Brigitte ; Kuokkanen, Mikko ; Kuusisto, Johanna ; La Bianca, Martina ; Laakso, Markku ; Lange, Leslie A. ; Langefeld, Carl D. ; Lee, Jeannette Jen-Mai ; Lehne, Benjamin ; Lehtimaki, Terho ; Lieb, Wolfgang ; Lim, Su-Chi ; Lind, Lars ; Lindgren, Cecilia M. ; Liu, Jun ; Liu, Jianjun ; Loeffler, Markus ; Loos, Ruth J. F. ; Lucae, Susanne ; Lukas, Mary Ann ; Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka ; Magi, Reedik ; Magnusson, Patrik K. E. ; Mahajan, Anubha ; Martin, Nicholas G. ; Martins, Jade ; Marz, Winfried ; Mascalzoni, Deborah ; Matsuda, Koichi ; Meisinger, Christa ; Meitinger, Thomas ; Melander, Olle ; Metspalu, Andres ; Mikaelsdottir, Evgenia K. ; Milaneschi, Yuri ; Miliku, Kozeta ; Mishra, Pashupati P. ; Program, V. A. Million Veteran ; Mohlke, Karen L. ; Mononen, Nina ; Montgomery, Grant W. ; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. ; Mychaleckyj, Josyf C. ; Nadkarni, Girish N. ; Nalls, Mike A. ; Nauck, Matthias ; Nikus, Kjell ; Ning, Boting ; Nolte, Ilja M. ; Noordam, Raymond ; Olafsson, Isleifur ; Oldehinkel, Albertine J. ; Orho-Melander, Marju ; Ouwehand, Willem H. ; Padmanabhan, Sandosh ; Palmer, Nicholette D. ; Palsson, Runolfur ; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. ; Perls, Thomas ; Perola, Markus ; Pirastu, Mario ; Pirastu, Nicola ; Pistis, Giorgio ; Podgornaia, Anna I. ; Polasek, Ozren ; Ponte, Belen ; Porteous, David J. ; Poulain, Tanja ; Pramstaller, Peter P. ; Preuss, Michael H. ; Prins, Bram P. ; Province, Michael A. ; Rabelink, Ton J. ; Raffield, Laura M. ; Raitakari, Olli T. ; Reilly, Dermot F. ; Rettig, Rainer ; Rheinberger, Myriam ; Rice, Kenneth M. ; Ridker, Paul M. ; Rivadeneira, Fernando ; Rizzi, Federica ; Roberts, David J. ; Robino, Antonietta ; Rossing, Peter ; Rudan, Igor ; Rueedi, Rico ; Ruggiero, Daniela ; Ryan, Kathleen A. ; Saba, Yasaman ; Sabanayagam, Charumathi ; Salomaa, Veikko ; Salvi, Erika ; Saum, Kai-Uwe ; Schmidt, Helena ; Schmidt, Reinhold ; Ben Schottker ; Schulz, Christina-Alexandra ; Schupf, Nicole ; Shaffer, Christian M. ; Shi, Yuan ; Smith, Albert V. ; Smith, Blair H. ; Soranzo, Nicole ; Spracklen, Cassandra N. ; Strauch, Konstantin ; Stringham, Heather M. ; Stumvoll, Michael ; Svensson, Per O. ; Szymczak, Silke ; Tai, E-Shyong ; Tajuddin, Salman M. ; Tan, Nicholas Y. Q. ; Taylor, Kent D. ; Teren, Andrej ; Tham, Yih-Chung ; Thiery, Joachim ; Thio, Chris H. L. ; Thomsen, Hauke ; Thorleifsson, Gudmar ; Toniolo, Daniela ; Tonjes, Anke ; Tremblay, Johanne ; Tzoulaki, Ioanna ; Uitterlinden, Andre G. ; Vaccargiu, Simona ; Van Dam, Rob M. ; Van der Harst, Pim ; Van Duijn, Cornelia M. ; Edward, Digna R. Velez ; Verweij, Niek ; Vogelezang, Suzanne ; Volker, Uwe ; Vollenweider, Peter ; Waeber, Gerard ; Waldenberger, Melanie ; Wallentin, Lars ; Wang, Ya Xing ; Wang, Chaolong ; Waterworth, Dawn M. ; Bin Wei, Wen ; White, Harvey ; Whitfield, John B. ; Wild, Sarah H. ; Wilson, James F. ; Wojczynski, Mary K. ; Wong, Charlene ; Wong, Tien-Yin ; Xu, Liang ; Yang, Qiong ; Yasuda, Masayuki ; Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M. ; Zhang, Weihua ; Zonderman, Alan B. ; Rotter, Jerome I. ; Bochud, Murielle ; Psaty, Bruce M. ; Vitart, Veronique ; Wilson, James G. ; Dehghan, Abbas ; Parsa, Afshin ; Chasman, Daniel I. ; Ho, Kevin ; Morris, Andrew P. ; Devuyst, Olivier ; Akilesh, Shreeram ; Pendergrass, Sarah A. ; Sim, Xueling ; Boger, Carsten A. ; Okada, Yukinori ; Edwards, Todd L. ; Snieder, Harold ; Stefansson, Kari ; Hung, Adriana M. ; Heid, Iris M. ; Scholz, Markus ; Teumer, Alexander ; Kottgen, Anna ; Pattaro, Cristian
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is responsible for a public health burden with multi-systemic complications. Through transancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and independent replication (n = 1,046,070), we identified 264 associated loci (166 new). Of these,147 were likely to be relevant for kidney function on the basis of associations with the alternative kidney function marker blood urea nitrogen (n = 416,178). Pathway and enrichment analyses, including mouse models with renal phenotypes, support the kidney as the main target organ. A genetic risk score for lower eGFR was associated with clinically diagnosed CKD in 452,264 independent individuals. Colocalization analyses of associations with eGFR among 783,978 European-ancestry individuals and gene expression across 46 human tissues, including tubulo-interstitial and glomerular kidney compartments, identified 17 genes differentially expressed in kidney. Fine-mapping highlighted missense driver variants in 11 genes and kidney-specific regulatory variants. These results provide a comprehensive priority list of molecular targets for translational research.
Gorski, Mathias ; Jung, Bettina ; Li, Yong ; Matias-Garcia, Pamela R. ; Wuttke, Matthias ; Coassin, Stefan ; Thio, Chris H. L. ; Kleber, Marcus E. ; Winkler, Thomas W. ; Wanner, Veronika ; Chai, Jin-Fang ; Chu, Audrey Y. ; Cocca, Massimiliano ; Feitosa, Mary F. ; Ghasemi, Sahar ; Hoppmann, Anselm ; Horn, Katrin ; Li, Man ; Nutile, Teresa ; Scholz, Markus ; Sieber, Karsten B. ; Teumer, Alexander ; Tin, Adrienne ; Wang, Judy ; Tayo, Bamidele O. ; Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S. ; Almgren, Peter ; Bakker, Stephan J. L. ; Banas, Bernhard ; Bansal, Nisha ; Biggs, Mary L. ; Boerwinkle, Eric ; Böttinger, Erwin ; Brenner, Hermann ; Carroll, Robert J. ; Chalmers, John ; Chee, Miao-Li ; Chee, Miao-Ling ; Cheng, Ching-Yu ; Coresh, Josef ; de Borst, Martin H. ; Degenhardt, Frauke ; Eckardt, Kai-Uwe ; Endlich, Karlhans ; Franke, Andre ; Freitag-Wolf, Sandra ; Gampawar, Piyush ; Gansevoort, Ron T. ; Ghanbari, Mohsen ; Gieger, Christian ; Hamet, Pavel ; Ho, Kevin ; Hofer, Edith ; Holleczek, Bernd ; Foo, Valencia Hui Xian ; Hutri-Kahonen, Nina ; Hwang, Shih-Jen ; Ikram, M. Arfan ; Josyula, Navya Shilpa ; Kahonen, Mika ; Khor, Chiea-Chuen ; Koenig, Wolfgang ; Kramer, Holly ; Kraemer, Bernhard K. ; Kuehnel, Brigitte ; Lange, Leslie A. ; Lehtimaki, Terho ; Lieb, Wolfgang ; Loos, Ruth J. F. ; Lukas, Mary Ann ; Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka ; Meisinger, Christa ; Meitinger, Thomas ; Melander, Olle ; Milaneschi, Yuri ; Mishra, Pashupati P. ; Mononen, Nina ; Mychaleckyj, Josyf C. ; Nadkarni, Girish N. ; Nauck, Matthias ; Nikus, Kjell ; Ning, Boting ; Nolte, Ilja M. ; O'Donoghue, Michelle L. ; Orho-Melander, Marju ; Pendergrass, Sarah A. ; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. ; Preuss, Michael H. ; Psaty, Bruce M. ; Raffield, Laura M. ; Raitakari, Olli T. ; Rettig, Rainer ; Rheinberger, Myriam ; Rice, Kenneth M. ; Rosenkranz, Alexander R. ; Rossing, Peter ; Rotter, Jerome ; Sabanayagam, Charumathi ; Schmidt, Helena ; Schmidt, Reinhold ; Schoettker, Ben ; Schulz, Christina-Alexandra ; Sedaghat, Sanaz ; Shaffer, Christian M. ; Strauch, Konstantin ; Szymczak, Silke ; Taylor, Kent D. ; Tremblay, Johanne ; Chaker, Layal ; van der Harst, Pim ; van der Most, Peter J. ; Verweij, Niek ; Voelker, Uwe ; Waldenberger, Melanie ; Wallentin, Lars ; Waterworth, Dawn M. ; White, Harvey D. ; Wilson, James G. ; Wong, Tien-Yin ; Woodward, Mark ; Yang, Qiong ; Yasuda, Masayuki ; Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M. ; Zhang, Yan ; Snieder, Harold ; Wanner, Christoph ; Boger, Carsten A. ; Kottgen, Anna ; Kronenberg, Florian ; Pattaro, Cristian ; Heid, Iris M.
Rapid decline of glomerular filtration rate estimated from creatinine (eGFRcrea) is associated with severe clinical endpoints. In contrast to cross-sectionally assessed eGFRcrea, the genetic basis for rapid eGFRcrea decline is largely unknown. To help define this, we meta-analyzed 42 genome-wide association studies from the Chronic Kidney Diseases Genetics Consortium and United Kingdom Biobank to identify genetic loci for rapid eGFRcrea decline. Two definitions of eGFRcrea decline were used: 3 mL/min/1.73m(2)/year or more ("Rapid3"; encompassing 34,874 cases, 107,090 controls) and eGFRcrea decline 25% or more and eGFRcrea under 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) at follow-up among those with eGFRcrea 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) or more at baseline ("CKDi25"; encompassing 19,901 cases, 175,244 controls). Seven independent variants were identified across six loci for Rapid3 and/or CKDi25: consisting of five variants at four loci with genome-wide significance (near UMOD-PDILT (2), PRKAG2, WDR72, OR2S2) and two variants among 265 known eGFRcrea variants (near GATM, LARP4B). All these loci were novel for Rapid3 and/or CKDi25 and our bioinformatic follow-up prioritized variants and genes underneath these loci. The OR2S2 locus is novel for any eGFRcrea trait including interesting candidates. For the five genome-wide significant lead variants, we found supporting effects for annual change in blood urea nitrogen or cystatin-based eGFR, but not for GATM or (LARP4B). Individuals at high compared to those at low genetic risk (8-14 vs. 0-5 adverse alleles) had a 1.20-fold increased risk of acute kidney injury (95% confidence interval 1.08-1.33). Thus, our identified loci for rapid kidney function decline may help prioritize therapeutic targets and identify mechanisms and individuals at risk for sustained deterioration of kidney function.
Gorski, Mathias ; Jung, Bettina ; Li, Yong ; Matias-Garcia, Pamela R. ; Wuttke, Matthias ; Coassin, Stefan ; Thio, Chris H. L. ; Kleber, Marcus E. ; Winkler, Thomas W. ; Wanner, Veronika ; Chai, Jin-Fang ; Chu, Audrey Y. ; Cocca, Massimiliano ; Feitosa, Mary F. ; Ghasemi, Sahar ; Hoppmann, Anselm ; Horn, Katrin ; Li, Man ; Nutile, Teresa ; Scholz, Markus ; Sieber, Karsten B. ; Teumer, Alexander ; Tin, Adrienne ; Wang, Judy ; Tayo, Bamidele O. ; Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S. ; Almgren, Peter ; Bakker, Stephan J. L. ; Banas, Bernhard ; Bansal, Nisha ; Biggs, Mary L. ; Boerwinkle, Eric ; Böttinger, Erwin ; Brenner, Hermann ; Carroll, Robert J. ; Chalmers, John ; Chee, Miao-Li ; Chee, Miao-Ling ; Cheng, Ching-Yu ; Coresh, Josef ; de Borst, Martin H. ; Degenhardt, Frauke ; Eckardt, Kai-Uwe ; Endlich, Karlhans ; Franke, Andre ; Freitag-Wolf, Sandra ; Gampawar, Piyush ; Gansevoort, Ron T. ; Ghanbari, Mohsen ; Gieger, Christian ; Hamet, Pavel ; Ho, Kevin ; Hofer, Edith ; Holleczek, Bernd ; Foo, Valencia Hui Xian ; Hutri-Kahonen, Nina ; Hwang, Shih-Jen ; Ikram, M. Arfan ; Josyula, Navya Shilpa ; Kahonen, Mika ; Khor, Chiea-Chuen ; Koenig, Wolfgang ; Kramer, Holly ; Kraemer, Bernhard K. ; Kuehnel, Brigitte ; Lange, Leslie A. ; Lehtimaki, Terho ; Lieb, Wolfgang ; Loos, Ruth J. F. ; Lukas, Mary Ann ; Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka ; Meisinger, Christa ; Meitinger, Thomas ; Melander, Olle ; Milaneschi, Yuri ; Mishra, Pashupati P. ; Mononen, Nina ; Mychaleckyj, Josyf C. ; Nadkarni, Girish N. ; Nauck, Matthias ; Nikus, Kjell ; Ning, Boting ; Nolte, Ilja M. ; O'Donoghue, Michelle L. ; Orho-Melander, Marju ; Pendergrass, Sarah A. ; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. ; Preuss, Michael H. ; Psaty, Bruce M. ; Raffield, Laura M. ; Raitakari, Olli T. ; Rettig, Rainer ; Rheinberger, Myriam ; Rice, Kenneth M. ; Rosenkranz, Alexander R. ; Rossing, Peter ; Rotter, Jerome ; Sabanayagam, Charumathi ; Schmidt, Helena ; Schmidt, Reinhold ; Schoettker, Ben ; Schulz, Christina-Alexandra ; Sedaghat, Sanaz ; Shaffer, Christian M. ; Strauch, Konstantin ; Szymczak, Silke ; Taylor, Kent D. ; Tremblay, Johanne ; Chaker, Layal ; van der Harst, Pim ; van der Most, Peter J. ; Verweij, Niek ; Voelker, Uwe ; Waldenberger, Melanie ; Wallentin, Lars ; Waterworth, Dawn M. ; White, Harvey D. ; Wilson, James G. ; Wong, Tien-Yin ; Woodward, Mark ; Yang, Qiong ; Yasuda, Masayuki ; Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M. ; Zhang, Yan ; Snieder, Harold ; Wanner, Christoph ; Boger, Carsten A. ; Kottgen, Anna ; Kronenberg, Florian ; Pattaro, Cristian ; Heid, Iris M.
Rapid decline of glomerular filtration rate estimated from creatinine (eGFRcrea) is associated with severe clinical endpoints. In contrast to cross-sectionally assessed eGFRcrea, the genetic basis for rapid eGFRcrea decline is largely unknown. To help define this, we meta-analyzed 42 genome-wide association studies from the Chronic Kidney Diseases Genetics Consortium and United Kingdom Biobank to identify genetic loci for rapid eGFRcrea decline. Two definitions of eGFRcrea decline were used: 3 mL/min/1.73m(2)/year or more ("Rapid3"; encompassing 34,874 cases, 107,090 controls) and eGFRcrea decline 25% or more and eGFRcrea under 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) at follow-up among those with eGFRcrea 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) or more at baseline ("CKDi25"; encompassing 19,901 cases, 175,244 controls). Seven independent variants were identified across six loci for Rapid3 and/or CKDi25: consisting of five variants at four loci with genome-wide significance (near UMOD-PDILT (2), PRKAG2, WDR72, OR2S2) and two variants among 265 known eGFRcrea variants (near GATM, LARP4B). All these loci were novel for Rapid3 and/or CKDi25 and our bioinformatic follow-up prioritized variants and genes underneath these loci. The OR2S2 locus is novel for any eGFRcrea trait including interesting candidates. For the five genome-wide significant lead variants, we found supporting effects for annual change in blood urea nitrogen or cystatin-based eGFR, but not for GATM or (LARP4B). Individuals at high compared to those at low genetic risk (8-14 vs. 0-5 adverse alleles) had a 1.20-fold increased risk of acute kidney injury (95% confidence interval 1.08-1.33). Thus, our identified loci for rapid kidney function decline may help prioritize therapeutic targets and identify mechanisms and individuals at risk for sustained deterioration of kidney function.
Ikram, M. Arfan ; Fornage, Myriam ; Smith, Albert V. ; Seshadri, Sudha ; Schmidt, Reinhold ; Debette, Stephanie ; Vrooman, Henri A. ; Sigurdsson, Sigurdur ; Ropele, Stefan ; Taal, H. Rob ; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. ; Coker, Laura H. ; Longstreth, W. T. ; Niessen, Wiro J. ; DeStefano, Anita L. ; Beiser, Alexa ; Zijdenbos, Alex P. ; Struchalin, Maksim ; Jack, Clifford R. ; Rivadeneira, Fernando ; Uitterlinden, Andre G. ; Knopman, David S. ; Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa ; Pennell, Craig E. ; Thiering, Elisabeth ; Steegers, Eric A. P. ; Hakonarson, Hakon ; Heinrich, Joachim ; Palmer, Lyle J. ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; McCarthy, Mark I. ; Grant, Struan F. A. ; St Pourcain, Beate ; Timpson, Nicholas J. ; Smith, George Davey ; Sovio, Ulla ; Nalls, Mike A. ; Au, Rhoda ; Hofman, Albert ; Gudnason, Haukur ; van der Lugt, Aad ; Harris, Tamara B. ; Meeks, William M. ; Vernooij, Meike W. ; van Buchem, Mark A. ; Catellier, Diane ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. ; Gudnason, Vilmundur ; Windham, B. Gwen ; Wolf, Philip A. ; van Duijn, Cornelia M. ; Mosley, Thomas H. ; Schmidt, Helena ; Launer, Lenore J. ; Breteler, Monique M. B. ; DeCarli, Charles ; Adair, Linda S. ; Ang, Wei ; Atalay, Mustafa ; vanBeijsterveldt, Toos ; Bergen, Nienke ; Benke, Kelly ; Berry, Diane J. ; Coin, Lachlan ; Davis, Oliver S. P. ; Elliott, Paul ; Flexeder, Claudia ; Frayling, Tim ; Gaillard, Romy ; Groen-Blokhuis, Maria ; Goh, Liang-Kee ; Haworth, Claire M. A. ; Hadley, Dexter ; Hebebrand, Johannes ; Hinney, Anke ; Hirschhorn, Joel N. ; Holloway, John W. ; Holst, Claus ; Hottenga, Jouke Jan ; Horikoshi, Momoko ; Huikari, Ville ; Hypponen, Elina ; Kilpelainen, Tuomas O. ; Kirin, Mirna ; Kowgier, Matthew ; Lakka, Hanna-Maaria ; Lange, Leslie A. ; Lawlor, Debbie A. ; Lehtimaki, Terho ; Lewin, Alex ; Lindgren, Cecilia ; Lindi, Virpi ; Maggi, Reedik ; Marsh, Julie ; Middeldorp, Christel ; Millwood, Iona ; Murray, Jeffrey C. ; Nivard, Michel ; Nohr, Ellen Aagaard ; Ntalla, Ioanna ; Oken, Emily ; Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope ; Pararajasingham, Jennifer ; Rodriguez, Alina ; Salem, Rany M. ; Sebert, Sylvain ; Siitonen, Niina ; Strachan, David P. ; Teo, Yik-Ying ; Valcarcel, Beatriz ; Willemsen, Gonneke ; Zeggini, Eleftheria ; Boomsma, Dorret I. ; Cooper, Cyrus ; Gillman, Matthew ; Hocher, Berthold ; Lakka, Timo A. ; Mohlke, Karen L. ; Dedoussis, George V. ; Ong, Ken K. ; Pearson, Ewan R. ; Price, Thomas S. ; Power, Chris ; Raitakari, Olli T. ; Saw, Seang-Mei ; Scherag, Andre ; Simell, Olli ; Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. ; Wilson, James F.
During aging, intracranial volume remains unchanged and represents maximally attained brain size, while various interacting biological phenomena lead to brain volume loss. Consequently, intracranial volume and brain volume in late life reflect different genetic influences. Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 8,175 community-dwelling elderly persons did not reveal any associations at genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10(-8)) for brain volume. In contrast, intracranial volume was significantly associated with two loci: rs4273712 (P = 3.4 x 10(-11)), a known height-associated locus on chromosome 6q22, and rs9915547 (P = 1.5 x 10(-12)), localized to the inversion on chromosome 17q21. We replicated the associations of these loci with intracranial volume in a separate sample of 1,752 elderly persons (P = 1.1 x 10(-3) for 6q22 and 1.2 x 10(-3) for 17q21). Furthermore, we also found suggestive associations of the 17q21 locus with head circumference in 10,768 children (mean age of 14.5 months). Our data identify two loci associated with head size, with the inversion at 17q21 also likely to be involved in attaining maximal brain size.
Martinez Gonzalez, M. J. ; Pastor Yabar, A. ; Lagg, A. ; Asensio Ramos, A. ; Collados Vera, M. ; Solanki, S. K. ; Balthasar, H. ; Berkefeld, T. ; Denker, Carsten ; Doerr, H. P. ; Feller, A. ; Franz, M. ; González Manrique, Sergio Javier ; Hofmann, A. ; Kneer, F. ; Kuckein, Christoph ; Louis, R. ; von der Lühe, O. ; Nicklas, H. ; Orozco, D. ; Rezaei, R. ; Schlichenmaier, R. ; Schmidt, D. ; Schmidt, W. ; Sigwarth, M. ; Sobotka, M. ; Soltau, D. ; Staude, J. ; Strassmeier, Klaus G. ; Verma, Meetu ; Waldman, T. ; Volkmer, R.
Context. Over the past 20 yr, the quietest areas of the solar surface have revealed a weak but extremely dynamic magnetism occurring at small scales (<500 km), which may provide an important contribution to the dynamics and energetics of the outer layers of the atmosphere. Understanding this magnetism requires the inference of physical quantities from high-sensitivity spectro-polarimetric data with high spatio-temporal resolution. Aims. We present high-precision spectro-polarimetric data with high spatial resolution (0.4") of the very quiet Sun at 1.56 mu m obtained with the GREGOR telescope to shed some light on this complex magnetism. Methods. We used inversion techniques in two main approaches. First, we assumed that the observed profiles can be reproduced with a constant magnetic field atmosphere embedded in a field-free medium. Second, we assumed that the resolution element has a substructure with either two constant magnetic atmospheres or a single magnetic atmosphere with gradients of the physical quantities along the optical depth, both coexisting with a global stray-light component. Results. Half of our observed quiet-Sun region is better explained by magnetic substructure within the resolution element. However, we cannot distinguish whether this substructure comes from gradients of the physical parameters along the line of sight or from horizontal gradients (across the surface). In these pixels, a model with two magnetic components is preferred, and we find two distinct magnetic field populations. The population with the larger filling factor has very weak (similar to 150 G) horizontal fields similar to those obtained in previous works. We demonstrate that the field vector of this population is not constrained by the observations, given the spatial resolution and polarimetric accuracy of our data. The topology of the other component with the smaller filling factor is constrained by the observations for field strengths above 250 G: we infer hG fields with inclinations and azimuth values compatible with an isotropic distribution. The filling factors are typically below 30%. We also find that the flux of the two polarities is not balanced. From the other half of the observed quiet-Sun area similar to 50% are two-lobed Stokes V profiles, meaning that 23% of the field of view can be adequately explained with a single constant magnetic field embedded in a non-magnetic atmosphere. The magnetic field vector and filling factor are reliable inferred in only 50% based on the regular profiles. Therefore, 12% of the field of view harbour hG fields with filling factors typically below 30%. At our present spatial resolution, 70% of the pixels apparently are non-magnetised.
Verma, Meetu ; Denker, Carsten ; Balthasar, H. ; Kuckein, Christoph ; González Manrique, Sergio Javier ; Sobotka, M. ; Gonzalez, N. Bello ; Hoch, S. ; Diercke, Andrea ; Kummerow, Philipp ; Berkefeld, T. ; Collados Vera, M. ; Feller, A. ; Hofmann, A. ; Kneer, F. ; Lagg, A. ; Löhner-Böttcher, J. ; Nicklas, H. ; Pastor Yabar, A. ; Schlichenmaier, R. ; Schmidt, D. ; Schmidt, W. ; Schubert, M. ; Sigwarth, M. ; Solanki, S. K. ; Soltau, D. ; Staude, J. ; Strassmeier, Klaus G. ; Volkmer, R. ; von der Lühe, O. ; Waldmann, T.
Context. The solar magnetic field is responsible for all aspects of solar activity. Thus, emergence of magnetic flux at the surface is the first manifestation of the ensuing solar activity. Aims. Combining high-resolution and synoptic observations aims to provide a comprehensive description of flux emergence at photospheric level and of the growth process that eventually leads to a mature active region. Methods. The small active region NOAA 12118 emerged on 2014 July 17 and was observed one day later with the 1.5-m GREGOR solar telescope on 2014 July 18. High-resolution time-series of blue continuum and G-band images acquired in the blue imaging channel (BIC) of the GREGOR Fabry-Perot Interferometer (GFPI) were complemented by synoptic line-of-sight magnetograms and continuum images obtained with the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Horizontal proper motions and horizontal plasma velocities were computed with local correlation tracking (LCT) and the differential affine velocity estimator (DAVE), respectively. Morphological image processing was employed to measure the photometric and magnetic area, magnetic flux, and the separation profile of the emerging flux region during its evolution. Results. The computed growth rates for photometric area, magnetic area, and magnetic flux are about twice as high as the respective decay rates. The space-time diagram using HMI magnetograms of five days provides a comprehensive view of growth and decay. It traces a leaf-like structure, which is determined by the initial separation of the two polarities, a rapid expansion phase, a time when the spread stalls, and a period when the region slowly shrinks again. The separation rate of 0.26 km s(-1) is highest in the initial stage, and it decreases when the separation comes to a halt. Horizontal plasma velocities computed at four evolutionary stages indicate a changing pattern of inflows. In LCT maps we find persistent flow patterns such as outward motions in the outer part of the two major pores, a diverging feature near the trailing pore marking the site of upwelling plasma and flux emergence, and low velocities in the interior of dark pores. We detected many elongated rapidly expanding granules between the two major polarities, with dimensions twice as large as the normal granules.
Balthasar, H. ; Gömöry, P. ; González Manrique, Sergio Javier ; Kuckein, Christoph ; Kavka, J. ; Kucera, A. ; Schwartz, P. ; Vaskova, R. ; Berkefeld, T. ; Collados Vera, M. ; Denker, Carsten ; Feller, A. ; Hofmann, A. ; Lagg, A. ; Nicklas, H. ; Suarez, D. ; Pastor Yabar, A. ; Rezaei, R. ; Schlichenmaier, R. ; Schmidt, D. ; Schmidt, W. ; Sigwarth, M. ; Sobotka, M. ; Solanki, S. K. ; Soltau, D. ; Staude, J. ; Strassmeier, Klaus G. ; Volkmer, R. ; von der Lühe, O. ; Waldmann, T.
Arch filament systems occur in active sunspot groups, where a fibril structure connects areas of opposite magnetic polarity, in contrast to active region filaments that follow the polarity inversion line. We used the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS) to obtain the full Stokes vector in the spectral lines SiI lambda 1082.7 nm, He I lambda 1083.0 nm, and Ca I lambda 1083.9 nm. We focus on the near-infrared calcium line to investigate the photospheric magnetic field and velocities, and use the line core intensities and velocities of the helium line to study the chromospheric plasma. The individual fibrils of the arch filament system connect the sunspot with patches of magnetic polarity opposite to that of the spot. These patches do not necessarily coincide with pores, where the magnetic field is strongest. Instead, areas are preferred not far from the polarity inversion line. These areas exhibit photospheric downflows of moderate velocity, but significantly higher downflows of up to 30 km s(-1) in the chromospheric helium line. Our findings can be explained with new emerging flux where the matter flows downward along the field lines of rising flux tubes, in agreement with earlier results. (C) 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH& Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Gonzalez Manrique, Sergio Javier ; Kuckein, Christoph ; Pastor Yabar, A. ; Collados Vera, M. ; Denker, Carsten ; Fischer, C. E. ; Gömöry, P. ; Diercke, Andrea ; Gonzalez, N. Bello ; Schlichenmaier, R. ; Balthasar, H. ; Berkefeld, T. ; Feller, A. ; Hoch, S. ; Hofmann, A. ; Kneer, F. ; Lagg, A. ; Nicklas, H. ; Orozco Suarez, D. ; Schmidt, D. ; Schmidt, W. ; Sigwarth, M. ; Sobotka, M. ; Solanki, S. K. ; Soltau, D. ; Staude, J. ; Strassmeier, Klaus G. ; Verma, Meetu ; Volkmer, R. ; von der Lühe, O. ; Waldmann, T.
The new generation of solar instruments provides better spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution for a better understanding of the physical processes that take place on the Sun. Multiple-component profiles are more commonly observed with these instruments. Particularly, the He i 10830 triplet presents such peculiar spectral profiles, which give information on the velocity and magnetic fine structure of the upper chromosphere. The purpose of this investigation is to describe a technique to efficiently fit the two blended components of the He i 10830 triplet, which are commonly observed when two atmospheric components are located within the same resolution element. The observations used in this study were taken on 2015 April 17 with the very fast spectroscopic mode of the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS) attached to the 1.5-m GREGOR solar telescope, located at the Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife, Spain. We apply a double-Lorentzian fitting technique using Levenberg-Marquardt least-squares minimization. This technique is very simple and much faster than inversion codes. Line-of-sight Doppler velocities can be inferred for a whole map of pixels within just a few minutes. Our results show sub-and supersonic downflow velocities of up to 32 km s(-1) for the fast component in the vicinity of footpoints of filamentary structures. The slow component presents velocities close to rest. (C) 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH& Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Verma, Meetu ; Denker, Carsten ; Böhm, F. ; Balthasar, H. ; Fischer, C. E. ; Kuckein, Christoph ; Gonzalez, N. Bello ; Berkefeld, T. ; Collados Vera, M. ; Diercke, Andrea ; Feller, A. ; Gonzalez Manrique, Sergio Javier ; Hofmann, A. ; Lagg, A. ; Nicklas, H. ; Orozco Suarez, D. ; Pator Yabar, A. ; Rezaei, R. ; Schlichenmaier, R. ; Schmidt, D. ; Schmidt, W. ; Sigwarth, M. ; Sobotka, M. ; Solanki, S. K. ; Soltau, D. ; Staude, J. ; Strassmeier, Klaus G. ; Volkmer, R. ; von der Lühe, O. ; Waldmann, T.
Improved measurements of the photospheric and chromospheric three-dimensional magnetic and flow fields are crucial for a precise determination of the origin and evolution of active regions. We present an illustrative sample of multi-instrument data acquired during a two-week coordinated observing campaign in August 2015 involving, among others, the GREGOR solar telescope (imaging and near-infrared spectroscopy) and the space missions Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). The observations focused on the trailing part of active region NOAA 12396 with complex polarity inversion lines and strong intrusions of opposite polarity flux. The GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS) provided Stokes IQUV spectral profiles in the photospheric Si i.1082.7 nm line, the chromospheric He I lambda 1083.0 nm triplet, and the photospheric Ca I lambda 1083.9 nm line. Carefully calibrated GRIS scans of the active region provided maps of Doppler velocity and magnetic field at different atmospheric heights. We compare quick-look maps with those obtained with the " Stokes Inversions based on Response functions" (SIR) code, which furnishes deeper insight into the magnetic properties of the region. We find supporting evidence that newly emerging flux and intruding opposite polarity flux are hampering the formation of penumbrae, i.e., a penumbra fully surrounding a sunspot is only expected after cessation of flux emergence in proximity to the sunspots. (C) 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH& Co.KGaA, Weinheim
Introducing the CTA concept
(2013)
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G. ; Wagner, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Walter, R. ; Walther, T. ; Warda, K. ; Warwick, R. ; Wawer, P. ; Wawrzaszek, R. ; Webb, N. ; Wegner, P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Weitzel, Q. ; Welsing, R. ; Werner, M. ; Wetteskind, H. ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Wiesand, S. ; Wilkinson, M. ; Williams, D. A. ; Willingale, R. ; Winiarski, K. ; Wischnewski, R. ; Wisniewski, L. ; Wood, M. ; Woernlein, A. ; Xiong, Q. ; Yadav, K. K. ; Yamamoto, H. ; Yamamoto, T. ; Yamazaki, R. ; Yanagita, S. ; Yebras, J. M. ; Yelos, D. ; Yoshida, A. ; Yoshida, T. ; Yoshikoshi, T. ; Zabalza, V. ; Zacharias, M. ; Zajczyk, A. ; Zanin, R. ; Zdziarski, A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zhao, A. ; Zhou, X. ; Zietara, K. ; Ziolkowski, J. ; Ziolkowski, P. ; Zitelli, V. ; Zurbach, C. ; Zychowski, P.
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy, from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an overview of the project.
Actis, M. ; Agnetta, G. ; Aharonian, Felix A. ; Akhperjanian, A. G. ; Aleksic, J. ; Aliu, E. ; Allan, D. ; Allekotte, I. ; Antico, F. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Antoranz, P. ; Aravantinos, A. ; Arlen, T. ; Arnaldi, H. ; Artmann, S. ; Asano, K. ; Asorey, H. G. ; Baehr, J. ; Bais, A. ; Baixeras, C. ; Bajtlik, S. ; Balis, D. ; Bamba, A. ; Barbier, C. ; Barcelo, M. ; Barnacka, Anna ; Barnstedt, Jürgen ; de Almeida, U. Barres ; Barrio, J. A. ; Basso, S. ; Bastieri, D. ; Bauer, C. ; Becerra Gonzalez, J. ; Becherini, Yvonne ; Bechtol, K. C. ; Becker, J. ; Beckmann, Volker ; Bednarek, W. ; Behera, B. ; Beilicke, M. ; Belluso, M. ; Benallou, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Berdugo, J. ; Berger, K. ; Bernardino, T. ; Bernlöhr, K. ; Biland, A. ; Billotta, S. ; Bird, T. ; Birsin, E. ; Bissaldi, E. ; Blake, S. ; Blanch Bigas, O. ; Bobkov, A. A. ; Bogacz, L. ; Bogdan, M. ; Boisson, Catherine ; Boix Gargallo, J. ; Bolmont, J. ; Bonanno, G. ; Bonardi, A. ; Bonev, T. ; Borkowski, Janett ; Botner, O. ; Bottani, A. ; Bourgeat, M. ; Boutonnet, C. ; Bouvier, A. ; Brau-Nogue, S. ; Braun, I. ; Bretz, T. ; Briggs, M. S. ; Brun, Pierre ; Brunetti, L. ; Buckley, H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Buehler, R. ; Bulik, Tomasz ; Busetto, G. ; Buson, S. ; Byrum, K. ; Cailles, M. ; Cameron, R. A. ; Canestrari, R. ; Cantu, S. ; Carmona, E. ; Carosi, A. ; Carr, John ; Carton, P. H. ; Casiraghi, M. ; Castarede, H. ; Catalano, O. ; Cavazzani, S. ; Cazaux, S. ; Cerruti, B. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chadwick, M. ; Chiang, J. ; Chikawa, M. ; Cieslar, M. ; Ciesielska, M. ; Cillis, A. N. ; Clerc, C. ; Colin, P. ; Colome, J. ; Compin, M. ; Conconi, P. ; Connaughton, V. ; Conrad, Jan ; Contreras, J. L. ; Coppi, P. ; Corlier, M. ; Corona, P. ; Corpace, O. ; Corti, D. ; Cortina, J. ; Costantini, H. ; Cotter, G. ; Courty, B. ; Couturier, S. ; Covino, S. ; Croston, J. ; Cusumano, G. ; Daniel, M. K. ; Dazzi, F. ; Deangelis, A. ; de Cea del Pozo, E. ; Dal Pino, E. M. de Gouveia ; de Jager, O. ; de la Calle Perez, I. ; De La Vega, G. ; De Lotto, B. ; de Naurois, M. ; Wilhelmi, E. de Ona ; de Souza, V. ; Decerprit, B. ; Deil, C. ; Delagnes, E. ; Deleglise, G. ; Delgado, C. ; Dettlaff, T. ; Di Paolo, A. ; Di Pierro, F. ; Diaz, C. ; Dick, J. ; Dickinson, H. ; Digel, S. W. ; Dimitrov, D. ; Disset, G. ; Djannati-Ataï, A. ; Doert, M. ; Domainko, W. ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Dournaux, J. -L. ; Dravins, D. ; Drury, L. ; Dubois, F. ; Dubois, R. ; Dubus, G. ; Dufour, C. ; Durand, D. ; Dyks, J. ; Dyrda, M. ; Edy, E. ; Egberts, Kathrin ; Eleftheriadis, C. ; Elles, S. ; Emmanoulopoulos, D. ; Enomoto, R. ; Ernenwein, J. -P. ; Errando, M. ; Etchegoyen, A. ; Falcone, A. D. ; Farakos, K. ; Farnier, C. ; Federici, S. ; Feinstein, F. ; Ferenc, D. ; Fillin-Martino, E. ; Fink, D. ; Finley, C. ; Finley, J. P. ; Firpo, R. ; Florin, D. ; Foehr, C. ; Fokitis, E. ; Font, Ll. ; Fontaine, G. ; Fontana, A. ; Foerster, A. ; Fortson, L. ; Fouque, N. ; Fransson, C. ; Fraser, G. W. ; Fresnillo, L. ; Fruck, C. ; Fujita, Y. ; Fukazawa, Y. ; Funk, S. ; Gaebele, W. ; Gabici, S. ; Gadola, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gallant, Y. ; Garcia, B. ; Garcia Lopez, R. J. ; Garrido, D. ; Garrido, L. ; Gascon, D. ; Gasq, C. ; Gaug, M. ; Gaweda, J. ; Geffroy, N. ; Ghag, C. ; Ghedina, A. ; Ghigo, M. ; Gianakaki, E. ; Giarrusso, S. ; Giavitto, G. ; Giebels, B. ; Giro, E. ; Giubilato, P. ; Glanzman, T. ; Glicenstein, J. -F. ; Gochna, M. ; Golev, V. ; Gomez Berisso, M. ; Gonzalez, A. ; Gonzalez, F. ; Granena, F. ; Graciani, R. ; Granot, J. ; Gredig, R. ; Green, A. ; Greenshaw, T. ; Grimm, O. ; Grube, J. ; Grudzinska, M. ; Grygorczuk, J. ; Guarino, V. ; Guglielmi, L. ; Guilloux, F. ; Gunji, S. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hadasch, D. ; Haefner, D. ; Hagiwara, R. ; Hahn, J. ; Hallgren, A. ; Hara, S. ; Hardcastle, M. J. ; Hassan, T. ; Haubold, T. ; Hauser, M. ; Hayashida, M. ; Heller, R. ; Henri, G. ; Hermann, G. ; Herrero, A. ; Hinton, James Anthony ; Hoffmann, D. ; Hofmann, W. ; Hofverberg, P. ; Horns, D. ; Hrupec, D. ; Huan, H. ; Huber, B. ; Huet, J. -M. ; Hughes, G. ; Hultquist, K. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Huppert, J. -F. ; Ibarra, A. ; Illa, J. M. ; Ingjald, J. ; Inoue, S. ; Inoue, Y. ; Ioka, K. ; Jablonski, C. ; Jacholkowska, A. ; Janiak, M. ; Jean, P. ; Jensen, H. ; Jogler, T. ; Jung, I. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kabuki, S. ; Kakuwa, J. ; Kalkuhl, C. ; Kankanyan, R. ; Kapala, M. ; Karastergiou, A. ; Karczewski, M. ; Karkar, S. ; Karlsson, N. ; Kasperek, J. ; Katagiri, H. ; Katarzynski, K. ; Kawanaka, N. ; Kedziora, B. ; Kendziorra, E. ; Khelifi, B. ; Kieda, D. ; Kifune, T. ; Kihm, T. ; Klepser, S. ; Kluzniak, W. ; Knapp, J. ; Knappy, A. R. ; Kneiske, T. ; Knoedlseder, J. ; Koeck, F. ; Kodani, K. ; Kohri, K. ; Kokkotas, K. ; Komin, N. ; Konopelko, A. ; Kosack, K. ; Kossakowski, R. ; Kostka, P. ; Kotula, J. ; Kowal, G. ; Koziol, J. ; Kraehenbuehl, T. ; Krause, J. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Kretzschmann, A. ; Kubo, H. ; Kudryavtsev, V. A. ; Kushida, J. ; La Barbera, N. ; La Parola, V. ; La Rosa, G. ; Lopez, A. ; Lamanna, G. ; Laporte, P. ; Lavalley, C. ; Le Flour, T. ; Le Padellec, A. ; Lenain, J. -P. ; Lessio, L. ; Lieunard, B. ; Lindfors, E. ; Liolios, A. ; Lohse, T. ; Lombardi, S. ; Lopatin, A. ; Lorenz, E. ; Lubinski, P. ; Luz, O. ; Lyard, E. ; Maccarone, M. C. ; Maccarone, T. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; Maltezos, S. ; Malkiewicz, P. ; Mana, C. ; Manalaysay, A. ; Maneva, G. ; Mangano, A. ; Manigot, P. ; Marin, J. ; Mariotti, M. ; Markoff, S. ; Martinez, G. ; Martinez, M. ; Mastichiadis, A. ; Matsumoto, H. ; Mattiazzo, S. ; Mazin, D. ; McComb, T. J. L. ; McCubbin, N. ; McHardy, I. ; Medina, C. ; Melkumyan, D. ; Mendes, A. ; Mertsch, P. ; Meucci, M. ; Michalowski, J. ; Micolon, P. ; Mineo, T. ; Mirabal, N. ; Mirabel, F. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Mizuno, T. ; Moal, B. ; Moderski, R. ; Molinari, E. ; Monteiro, I. ; Moralejo, A. ; Morello, C. ; Mori, K. ; Motta, G. ; Mottez, F. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Mukherjee, R. ; Munar, P. ; Muraishi, H. ; Murase, K. ; Murphy, A. Stj. ; Nagataki, S. ; Naito, T. ; Nakamori, T. ; Nakayama, K. ; Naumann, C. L. ; Naumann, D. ; Nayman, P. ; Nedbal, D. ; Niedzwiecki, A. ; Niemiec, J. ; Nikolaidis, A. ; Nishijima, K. ; Nolan, S. J. ; Nowak, N. ; O'Brien, P. T. ; Ochoa, I. ; Ohira, Y. ; Ohishi, M. ; Ohka, H. ; Okumura, A. ; Olivetto, C. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orito, R. ; Orr, M. ; Osborne, J. P. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Otero, L. ; Otte, A. N. ; Ovcharov, E. ; Oya, I. ; Ozieblo, A. ; Paiano, S. ; Pallota, J. ; Panazol, J. L. ; Paneque, D. ; Panter, M. ; Paoletti, R. ; Papyan, G. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Pareschi, G. ; Parsons, R. D. ; Arribas, M. Paz ; Pedaletti, G. ; Pepato, A. ; Persic, M. ; Petrucci, P. O. ; Peyaud, B. ; Piechocki, W. ; Pita, S. ; Pivato, G. ; Platos, L. ; Platzer, R. ; Pogosyan, L. ; Pohl, Martin ; Pojmanski, G. ; Ponz, J. D. ; Potter, W. ; Prandini, E. ; Preece, R. ; Prokoph, H. ; Puehlhofer, G. ; Punch, M. ; Quel, E. ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Rajda, P. ; Rando, R. ; Rataj, M. ; Raue, M. ; Reimann, C. ; Reimann, O. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, O. ; Renaud, M. ; Renner, S. ; Reymond, J. -M. ; Rhode, W. ; Ribo, M. ; Ribordy, M. ; Rico, J. ; Rieger, F. ; Ringegni, P. ; Ripken, J. ; Ristori, P. ; Rivoire, S. ; Rob, L. ; Rodriguez, S. ; Roeser, U. ; Romano, Patrizia ; Romero, G. E. ; Rosier-Lees, S. ; Rovero, A. C. ; Roy, F. ; Royer, S. ; Rudak, B. ; Rulten, C. B. ; Ruppel, J. ; Russo, F. ; Ryde, F. ; Sacco, B. ; Saggion, A. ; Sahakian, V. ; Saito, K. ; Saito, T. ; Sakaki, N. ; Salazar, E. ; Salini, A. ; Sanchez, F. ; Sanchez Conde, M. A. ; Santangelo, A. ; Santos, E. M. ; Sanuy, A. ; Sapozhnikov, L. ; Sarkar, S. ; Scalzotto, V. ; Scapin, V. ; Scarcioffolo, M. ; Schanz, T. ; Schlenstedt, S. ; Schlickeiser, R. ; Schmidt, T. ; Schmoll, J. ; Schroedter, M. ; Schultz, C. ; Schultze, J. ; Schulz, A. ; Schwanke, U. ; Schwarzburg, S. ; Schweizer, T. ; Seiradakis, J. ; Selmane, S. ; Seweryn, K. ; Shayduk, M. ; Shellard, R. C. ; Shibata, T. ; Sikora, M. ; Silk, J. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Sitarek, J. ; Skole, C. ; Smith, N. ; Sobczynska, D. ; Sofo Haro, M. ; Sol, H. ; Spanier, F. ; Spiga, D. ; Spyrou, S. ; Stamatescu, V. ; Stamerra, A. ; Starling, R. L. C. ; Stawarz, L. ; Steenkamp, R. ; Stegmann, Christian ; Steiner, S. ; Stergioulas, N. ; Sternberger, R. ; Stinzing, F. ; Stodulski, M. ; Straumann, U. ; Suarez, A. ; Suchenek, M. ; Sugawara, R. ; Sulanke, K. H. ; Sun, S. ; Supanitsky, A. D. ; Sutcliffe, P. ; Szanecki, M. ; Szepieniec, T. ; Szostek, A. ; Szymkowiak, A. ; Tagliaferri, G. ; Tajima, H. ; Takahashi, H. ; Takahashi, K. ; Takalo, L. ; Takami, H. ; Talbot, R. G. ; Tam, P. H. ; Tanaka, M. ; Tanimori, T. ; Tavani, M. ; Tavernet, J. -P. ; Tchernin, C. ; Tejedor, L. A. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Temnikov, P. ; Tenzer, C. ; Terada, Y. ; Terrier, R. ; Teshima, M. ; Testa, V. ; Tibaldo, L. ; Tibolla, O. ; Tluczykont, M. ; Peixoto, C. J. Todero ; Tokanai, F. ; Tokarz, M. ; Toma, K. ; Torres, D. F. ; Tosti, G. ; Totani, T. ; Toussenel, F. ; Vallania, P. ; Vallejo, G. ; van der Walt, J. ; van Eldik, C. ; Vandenbroucke, J. ; Vankov, H. ; Vasileiadis, G. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vegas, I. ; Venter, L. ; Vercellone, S. ; Veyssiere, C. ; Vialle, J. P. ; Videla, M. ; Vincent, P. ; Vink, J. ; Vlahakis, N. ; Vlahos, L. ; Vogler, P. ; Vollhardt, A. ; Volpe, F. ; Von Gunten, H. P. ; Vorobiov, S. ; Wagner, S. ; Wagner, R. M. ; Wagner, B. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Walter, P. ; Walter, R. ; Warwick, R. ; Wawer, P. ; Wawrzaszek, R. ; Webb, N. ; Wegner, P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Weitzel, Q. ; Welsing, R. ; Wetteskind, H. ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Wilkinson, M. I. ; Williams, D. A. ; Winde, M. ; Wischnewski, R. ; Wisniewski, L. ; Wolczko, A. ; Wood, M. ; Xiong, Q. ; Yamamoto, T. ; Yamaoka, K. ; Yamazaki, R. ; Yanagita, S. ; Yoffo, B. ; Yonetani, M. ; Yoshida, A. ; Yoshida, T. ; Yoshikoshi, T. ; Zabalza, V. ; Zagdanski, A. ; Zajczyk, A. ; Zdziarski, A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zietara, K. ; Ziolkowski, P. ; Zitelli, V. ; Zychowski, P.
Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA.
Aarts, Alexander A. ; Anderson, Joanna E. ; Anderson, Christopher J. ; Attridge, Peter R. ; Attwood, Angela ; Axt, Jordan ; Babel, Molly ; Bahnik, Stepan ; Baranski, Erica ; Barnett-Cowan, Michael ; Bartmess, Elizabeth ; Beer, Jennifer ; Bell, Raoul ; Bentley, Heather ; Beyan, Leah ; Binion, Grace ; Borsboom, Denny ; Bosch, Annick ; Bosco, Frank A. ; Bowman, Sara D. ; Brandt, Mark J. ; Braswell, Erin ; Brohmer, Hilmar ; Brown, Benjamin T. ; Brown, Kristina ; Bruening, Jovita ; Calhoun-Sauls, Ann ; Callahan, Shannon P. ; Chagnon, Elizabeth ; Chandler, Jesse ; Chartier, Christopher R. ; Cheung, Felix ; Christopherson, Cody D. ; Cillessen, Linda ; Clay, Russ ; Cleary, Hayley ; Cloud, Mark D. ; Cohn, Michael ; Cohoon, Johanna ; Columbus, Simon ; Cordes, Andreas ; Costantini, Giulio ; Alvarez, Leslie D. Cramblet ; Cremata, Ed ; Crusius, Jan ; DeCoster, Jamie ; DeGaetano, Michelle A. ; Della Penna, Nicolas ; den Bezemer, Bobby ; Deserno, Marie K. ; Devitt, Olivia ; Dewitte, Laura ; Dobolyi, David G. ; Dodson, Geneva T. ; Donnellan, M. Brent ; Donohue, Ryan ; Dore, Rebecca A. ; Dorrough, Angela ; Dreber, Anna ; Dugas, Michelle ; Dunn, Elizabeth W. ; Easey, Kayleigh ; Eboigbe, Sylvia ; Eggleston, Casey ; Embley, Jo ; Epskamp, Sacha ; Errington, Timothy M. ; Estel, Vivien ; Farach, Frank J. ; Feather, Jenelle ; Fedor, Anna ; Fernandez-Castilla, Belen ; Fiedler, Susann ; Field, James G. ; Fitneva, Stanka A. ; Flagan, Taru ; Forest, Amanda L. ; Forsell, Eskil ; Foster, Joshua D. ; Frank, Michael C. ; Frazier, Rebecca S. ; Fuchs, Heather ; Gable, Philip ; Galak, Jeff ; Galliani, Elisa Maria ; Gampa, Anup ; Garcia, Sara ; Gazarian, Douglas ; Gilbert, Elizabeth ; Giner-Sorolla, Roger ; Glöckner, Andreas ; Göllner, Lars ; Goh, Jin X. ; Goldberg, Rebecca ; Goodbourn, Patrick T. ; Gordon-McKeon, Shauna ; Gorges, Bryan ; Gorges, Jessie ; Goss, Justin ; Graham, Jesse ; Grange, James A. ; Gray, Jeremy ; Hartgerink, Chris ; Hartshorne, Joshua ; Hasselman, Fred ; Hayes, Timothy ; Heikensten, Emma ; Henninger, Felix ; Hodsoll, John ; Holubar, Taylor ; Hoogendoorn, Gea ; Humphries, Denise J. ; Hung, Cathy O. -Y. ; Immelman, Nathali ; Irsik, Vanessa C. ; Jahn, Georg ; Jaekel, Frank ; Jekel, Marc ; Johannesson, Magnus ; Johnson, Larissa G. ; Johnson, David J. ; Johnson, Kate M. ; Johnston, William J. ; Jonas, Kai ; Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A. ; Kappes, Heather Barry ; Kelso, Kim ; Kidwell, Mallory C. ; Kim, Seung Kyung ; Kirkhart, Matthew ; Kleinberg, Bennett ; Knezevic, Goran ; Kolorz, Franziska Maria ; Kossakowski, Jolanda J. ; Krause, Robert Wilhelm ; Krijnen, Job ; Kuhlmann, Tim ; Kunkels, Yoram K. ; Kyc, Megan M. ; Lai, Calvin K. ; Laique, Aamir ; Lakens, Daniel ; Lane, Kristin A. ; Lassetter, Bethany ; Lazarevic, Ljiljana B. ; LeBel, Etienne P. ; Lee, Key Jung ; Lee, Minha ; Lemm, Kristi ; Levitan, Carmel A. ; Lewis, Melissa ; Lin, Lin ; Lin, Stephanie ; Lippold, Matthias ; Loureiro, Darren ; Luteijn, Ilse ; Mackinnon, Sean ; Mainard, Heather N. ; Marigold, Denise C. ; Martin, Daniel P. ; Martinez, Tylar ; Masicampo, E. J. ; Matacotta, Josh ; Mathur, Maya ; May, Michael ; Mechin, Nicole ; Mehta, Pranjal ; Meixner, Johannes ; Melinger, Alissa ; Miller, Jeremy K. ; Miller, Mallorie ; Moore, Katherine ; Möschl, Marcus ; Motyl, Matt ; Müller, Stephanie M. ; Munafo, Marcus ; Neijenhuijs, Koen I. ; Nervi, Taylor ; Nicolas, Gandalf ; Nilsonne, Gustav ; Nosek, Brian A. ; Nuijten, Michele B. ; Olsson, Catherine ; Osborne, Colleen ; Ostkamp, Lutz ; Pavel, Misha ; Penton-Voak, Ian S. ; Perna, Olivia ; Pernet, Cyril ; Perugini, Marco ; Pipitone, R. Nathan ; Pitts, Michael ; Plessow, Franziska ; Prenoveau, Jason M. ; Rahal, Rima-Maria ; Ratliff, Kate A. ; Reinhard, David ; Renkewitz, Frank ; Ricker, Ashley A. ; Rigney, Anastasia ; Rivers, Andrew M. ; Roebke, Mark ; Rutchick, Abraham M. ; Ryan, Robert S. ; Sahin, Onur ; Saide, Anondah ; Sandstrom, Gillian M. ; Santos, David ; Saxe, Rebecca ; Schlegelmilch, Rene ; Schmidt, Kathleen ; Scholz, Sabine ; Seibel, Larissa ; Selterman, Dylan Faulkner ; Shaki, Samuel ; Simpson, William B. ; Sinclair, H. Colleen ; Skorinko, Jeanine L. M. ; Slowik, Agnieszka ; Snyder, Joel S. ; Soderberg, Courtney ; Sonnleitner, Carina ; Spencer, Nick ; Spies, Jeffrey R. ; Steegen, Sara ; Stieger, Stefan ; Strohminger, Nina ; Sullivan, Gavin B. ; Talhelm, Thomas ; Tapia, Megan ; te Dorsthorst, Anniek ; Thomae, Manuela ; Thomas, Sarah L. ; Tio, Pia ; Traets, Frits ; Tsang, Steve ; Tuerlinckx, Francis ; Turchan, Paul ; Valasek, Milan ; Van Aert, Robbie ; van Assen, Marcel ; van Bork, Riet ; van de Ven, Mathijs ; van den Bergh, Don ; van der Hulst, Marije ; van Dooren, Roel ; van Doorn, Johnny ; van Renswoude, Daan R. ; van Rijn, Hedderik ; Vanpaemel, Wolf ; Echeverria, Alejandro Vasquez ; Vazquez, Melissa ; Velez, Natalia ; Vermue, Marieke ; Verschoor, Mark ; Vianello, Michelangelo ; Voracek, Martin ; Vuu, Gina ; Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan ; Weerdmeester, Joanneke ; Welsh, Ashlee ; Westgate, Erin C. ; Wissink, Joeri ; Wood, Michael ; Woods, Andy ; Wright, Emily ; Wu, Sining ; Zeelenberg, Marcel ; Zuni, Kellylynn
Reproducibility is a defining feature of science, but the extent to which it characterizes current research is unknown. We conducted replications of 100 experimental and correlational studies published in three psychology journals using high-powered designs and original materials when available. Replication effects were half the magnitude of original effects, representing a substantial decline. Ninety-seven percent of original studies had statistically significant results. Thirty-six percent of replications had statistically significant results; 47% of original effect sizes were in the 95% confidence interval of the replication effect size; 39% of effects were subjectively rated to have replicated the original result; and if no bias in original results is assumed, combining original and replication results left 68% with statistically significant effects. Correlational tests suggest that replication success was better predicted by the strength of original evidence than by characteristics of the original and replication teams.
Aldoretta, E. J. ; St-Louis, N. ; Richardson, N. D. ; Moffat, Anthony F. J. ; Eversberg, T. ; Hill, G. M. ; Shenar, Tomer ; Artigau, E. ; Gauza, B. ; Knapen, J. H. ; Kubat, Jiří ; Kubatova, Brankica ; Maltais-Tariant, R. ; Munoz, M. ; Pablo, H. ; Ramiaramanantsoa, T. ; Richard-Laferriere, A. ; Sablowski, D. P. ; Simon-Diaz, S. ; St-Jean, L. ; Bolduan, F. ; Dias, F. M. ; Dubreuil, P. ; Fuchs, D. ; Garrel, T. ; Grutzeck, G. ; Hunger, T. ; Kuesters, D. ; Langenbrink, M. ; Leadbeater, R. ; Li, D. ; Lopez, A. ; Mauclaire, B. ; Moldenhawer, T. ; Potter, M. ; dos Santos, E. M. ; Schanne, L. ; Schmidt, J. ; Sieske, H. ; Strachan, J. ; Stinner, E. ; Stinner, P. ; Stober, B. ; Strandbaek, K. ; Syder, T. ; Verilhac, D. ; Waldschlaeger, U. ; Weiss, D. ; Wendt, A.
During the summer of 2013, a 4-month spectroscopic campaign took place to observe the variabilities in three Wolf-Rayet stars. The spectroscopic data have been analysed for WR 134 (WN6b), to better understand its behaviour and long-term periodicity, which we interpret as arising from corotating interaction regions (CIRs) in the wind. By analysing the variability of the He ii lambda 5411 emission line, the previously identified period was refined to P = 2.255 +/- 0.008 (s.d.) d. The coherency time of the variability, which we associate with the lifetime of the CIRs in the wind, was deduced to be 40 +/- 6 d, or similar to 18 cycles, by cross-correlating the variability patterns as a function of time. When comparing the phased observational grey-scale difference images with theoretical grey-scales previously calculated from models including CIRs in an optically thin stellar wind, we find that two CIRs were likely present. A separation in longitude of Delta I center dot a parts per thousand integral 90A degrees was determined between the two CIRs and we suggest that the different maximum velocities that they reach indicate that they emerge from different latitudes. We have also been able to detect observational signatures of the CIRs in other spectral lines (C iv lambda lambda 5802,5812 and He i lambda 5876). Furthermore, a DAC was found to be present simultaneously with the CIR signatures detected in the He i lambda 5876 emission line which is consistent with the proposed geometry of the large-scale structures in the wind. Small-scale structures also show a presence in the wind, simultaneously with the larger scale structures, showing that they do in fact co-exist.
Moving in the Anthropocene
(2018)
Tucker, Marlee A. ; Boehning-Gaese, Katrin ; Fagan, William F. ; Fryxell, John M. ; Van Moorter, Bram ; Alberts, Susan C. ; Ali, Abdullahi H. ; Allen, Andrew M. ; Attias, Nina ; Avgar, Tal ; Bartlam-Brooks, Hattie ; Bayarbaatar, Buuveibaatar ; Belant, Jerrold L. ; Bertassoni, Alessandra ; Beyer, Dean ; Bidner, Laura ; van Beest, Floris M. ; Blake, Stephen ; Blaum, Niels ; Bracis, Chloe ; Brown, Danielle ; de Bruyn, P. J. Nico ; Cagnacci, Francesca ; Calabrese, Justin M. ; Camilo-Alves, Constanca ; Chamaille-Jammes, Simon ; Chiaradia, Andre ; Davidson, Sarah C. ; Dennis, Todd ; DeStefano, Stephen ; Diefenbach, Duane ; Douglas-Hamilton, Iain ; Fennessy, Julian ; Fichtel, Claudia ; Fiedler, Wolfgang ; Fischer, Christina ; Fischhoff, Ilya ; Fleming, Christen H. ; Ford, Adam T. ; Fritz, Susanne A. ; Gehr, Benedikt ; Goheen, Jacob R. ; Gurarie, Eliezer ; Hebblewhite, Mark ; Heurich, Marco ; Hewison, A. J. Mark ; Hof, Christian ; Hurme, Edward ; Isbell, Lynne A. ; Janssen, Rene ; Jeltsch, Florian ; Kaczensky, Petra ; Kane, Adam ; Kappeler, Peter M. ; Kauffman, Matthew ; Kays, Roland ; Kimuyu, Duncan ; Koch, Flavia ; Kranstauber, Bart ; LaPoint, Scott ; Leimgruber, Peter ; Linnell, John D. C. ; Lopez-Lopez, Pascual ; Markham, A. Catherine ; Mattisson, Jenny ; Medici, Emilia Patricia ; Mellone, Ugo ; Merrill, Evelyn ; Mourao, Guilherme de Miranda ; Morato, Ronaldo G. ; Morellet, Nicolas ; Morrison, Thomas A. ; Diaz-Munoz, Samuel L. ; Mysterud, Atle ; Nandintsetseg, Dejid ; Nathan, Ran ; Niamir, Aidin ; Odden, John ; Oliveira-Santos, Luiz Gustavo R. ; Olson, Kirk A. ; Patterson, Bruce D. ; de Paula, Rogerio Cunha ; Pedrotti, Luca ; Reineking, Bjorn ; Rimmler, Martin ; Rogers, Tracey L. ; Rolandsen, Christer Moe ; Rosenberry, Christopher S. ; Rubenstein, Daniel I. ; Safi, Kamran ; Said, Sonia ; Sapir, Nir ; Sawyer, Hall ; Schmidt, Niels Martin ; Selva, Nuria ; Sergiel, Agnieszka ; Shiilegdamba, Enkhtuvshin ; Silva, Joao Paulo ; Singh, Navinder ; Solberg, Erling J. ; Spiegel, Orr ; Strand, Olav ; Sundaresan, Siva ; Ullmann, Wiebke ; Voigt, Ulrich ; Wall, Jake ; Wattles, David ; Wikelski, Martin ; Wilmers, Christopher C. ; Wilson, John W. ; Wittemyer, George ; Zieba, Filip ; Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz ; Mueller, Thomas
Animal movement is fundamental for ecosystem functioning and species survival, yet the effects of the anthropogenic footprint on animal movements have not been estimated across species. Using a unique GPS-tracking database of 803 individuals across 57 species, we found that movements of mammals in areas with a comparatively high human footprint were on average one-half to one-third the extent of their movements in areas with a low human footprint. We attribute this reduction to behavioral changes of individual animals and to the exclusion of species with long-range movements from areas with higher human impact. Global loss of vagility alters a key ecological trait of animals that affects not only population persistence but also ecosystem processes such as predator-prey interactions, nutrient cycling, and disease transmission.
Zhang, Shuhao ; Plauth, Max ; Eberhardt, Felix ; Polze, Andreas ; Lehmann, Jens ; Sejdiu, Gezim ; Jabeen, Hajira ; Servadei, Lorenzo ; Möstl, Christian ; Bär, Florian ; Netzeband, André ; Schmidt, Rainer ; Knigge, Marlene ; Hecht, Sonja ; Prifti, Loina ; Krcmar, Helmut ; Sapegin, Andrey ; Jaeger, David ; Cheng, Feng ; Meinel, Christoph ; Friedrich, Tobias ; Rothenberger, Ralf ; Sutton, Andrew M. ; Sidorova, Julia A. ; Lundberg, Lars ; Rosander, Oliver ; Sköld, Lars ; Di Varano, Igor ; van der Walt, Estée ; Eloff, Jan H. P. ; Fabian, Benjamin ; Baumann, Annika ; Ermakova, Tatiana ; Kelkel, Stefan ; Choudhary, Yash ; Cooray, Thilini ; Rodríguez, Jorge ; Medina-Pérez, Miguel Angel ; Trejo, Luis A. ; Barrera-Animas, Ari Yair ; Monroy-Borja, Raúl ; López-Cuevas, Armando ; Ramírez-Márquez, José Emmanuel ; Grohmann, Maria ; Niederleithinger, Ernst ; Podapati, Sasidhar ; Schmidt, Christopher ; Huegle, Johannes ; de Oliveira, Roberto C. L. ; Soares, Fábio Mendes ; van Hoorn, André ; Neumer, Tamas ; Willnecker, Felix ; Wilhelm, Mathias ; Kuster, Bernhard
The “HPI Future SOC Lab” is a cooperation of the Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI) and industry partners. Its mission is to enable and promote exchange and interaction between the research community and the industry partners.
The HPI Future SOC Lab provides researchers with free of charge access to a complete infrastructure of state of the art hard and software. This infrastructure includes components, which might be too expensive for an ordinary research environment, such as servers with up to 64 cores and 2 TB main memory. The offerings address researchers particularly from but not limited to the areas of computer science and business information systems. Main areas of research include cloud computing, parallelization, and In-Memory technologies.
This technical report presents results of research projects executed in 2017. Selected projects have presented their results on April 25th and November 15th 2017 at the Future SOC Lab Day events.
Anderson, Christopher J. ; Bahnik, Stepan ; Barnett-Cowan, Michael ; Bosco, Frank A. ; Chandler, Jesse ; Chartier, Christopher R. ; Cheung, Felix ; Christopherson, Cody D. ; Cordes, Andreas ; Cremata, Edward J. ; Della Penna, Nicolas ; Estel, Vivien ; Fedor, Anna ; Fitneva, Stanka A. ; Frank, Michael C. ; Grange, James A. ; Hartshorne, Joshua K. ; Hasselman, Fred ; Henninger, Felix ; van der Hulst, Marije ; Jonas, Kai J. ; Lai, Calvin K. ; Levitan, Carmel A. ; Miller, Jeremy K. ; Moore, Katherine S. ; Meixner, Johannes M. ; Munafo, Marcus R. ; Neijenhuijs, Koen I. ; Nilsonne, Gustav ; Nosek, Brian A. ; Plessow, Franziska ; Prenoveau, Jason M. ; Ricker, Ashley A. ; Schmidt, Kathleen ; Spies, Jeffrey R. ; Stieger, Stefan ; Strohminger, Nina ; Sullivan, Gavin B. ; van Aert, Robbie C. M. ; van Assen, Marcel A. L. M. ; Vanpaemel, Wolf ; Vianello, Michelangelo ; Voracek, Martin ; Zuni, Kellylynn
Gilbert et al. conclude that evidence from the Open Science Collaboration’s Reproducibility Project: Psychology indicates high reproducibility, given the study methodology. Their very optimistic assessment is limited by statistical misconceptions and by causal inferences from selectively interpreted, correlational data. Using the Reproducibility Project: Psychology data, both optimistic and pessimistic conclusions about reproducibility are possible, and neither are yet warranted.
Srama, Ralf ; Krueger, H. ; Yamaguchi, T. ; Stephan, T. ; Burchell, M. ; Kearsley, A. T. ; Sterken, V. ; Postberg, F. ; Kempf, S. ; Grün, Eberhard ; Altobelli, Nicolas ; Ehrenfreund, P. ; Dikarev, V. ; Horanyi, M. ; Sternovsky, Zoltan ; Carpenter, J. D. ; Westphal, A. ; Gainsforth, Z. ; Krabbe, A. ; Agarwal, Jessica ; Yano, H. ; Blum, J. ; Henkel, H. ; Hillier, J. ; Hoppe, P. ; Trieloff, M. ; Hsu, S. ; Mocker, A. ; Fiege, K. ; Green, S. F. ; Bischoff, A. ; Esposito, F. ; Laufer, R. ; Hyde, T. W. ; Herdrich, G. ; Fasoulas, S. ; Jaeckel, A. ; Jones, G. ; Jenniskens, P. ; Khalisi, E. ; Moragas-Klostermeyer, Georg ; Spahn, Frank ; Keller, H. U. ; Frisch, P. ; Levasseur-Regourd, A. C. ; Pailer, N. ; Altwegg, K. ; Engrand, C. ; Auer, S. ; Silen, J. ; Sasaki, S. ; Kobayashi, M. ; Schmidt, J. ; Kissel, J. ; Marty, B. ; Michel, P. ; Palumbo, P. ; Vaisberg, O. ; Baggaley, J. ; Rotundi, A. ; Roeser, H. P.
The Stardust mission returned cometary, interplanetary and (probably) interstellar dust in 2006 to Earth that have been analysed in Earth laboratories worldwide. Results of this mission have changed our view and knowledge on the early solar nebula. The Rosetta mission is on its way to land on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and will investigate for the first time in great detail the comet nucleus and its environment starting in 2014. Additional astronomy and planetary space missions will further contribute to our understanding of dust generation, evolution and destruction in interstellar and interplanetary space and provide constraints on solar system formation and processes that led to the origin of life on Earth. One of these missions, SARIM-PLUS, will provide a unique perspective by measuring interplanetary and interstellar dust with high accuracy and sensitivity in our inner solar system between 1 and 2 AU. SARIM-PLUS employs latest in-situ techniques for a full characterisation of individual micrometeoroids (flux, mass, charge, trajectory, composition()) and collects and returns these samples to Earth for a detailed analysis. The opportunity to visit again the target comet of the Rosetta mission 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimeenternko, and to investigate its dusty environment six years after Rosetta with complementary methods is unique and strongly enhances and supports the scientific exploration of this target and the entire Rosetta mission. Launch opportunities are in 2020 with a backup window starting early 2026. The comet encounter occurs in September 2021 and the reentry takes place in early 2024. An encounter speed of 6 km/s ensures comparable results to the Stardust mission.
Weber, Michael H. ; Abu-Ayyash, Khalil ; Abueladas, Abdel-Rahman ; Agnon, Amotz ; Al-Amoush, H. ; Babeyko, Andrey ; Bartov, Yosef ; Baumann, M. ; Ben-Avraham, Zvi ; Bock, Günter ; Bribach, Jens ; El-Kelani, R. ; Forster, A. ; Förster, Hans-Jürgen ; Frieslander, U. ; Garfunkel, Zvi ; Grunewald, Steffen ; Gotze, Hans-Jürgen ; Haak, Volker ; Haberland, Christian ; Hassouneh, Mohammed ; Helwig, S. ; Hofstetter, Alfons ; Jackel, K. H. ; Kesten, Dagmar ; Kind, Rainer ; Maercklin, Nils ; Mechie, James ; Mohsen, Amjad ; Neubauer, F. M. ; Oberhänsli, Roland ; Qabbani, I. ; Ritter, O. ; Rumpker, G. ; Rybakov, M. ; Ryberg, Trond ; Scherbaum, Frank ; Schmidt, J. ; Schulze, A. ; Sobolev, Stephan Vladimir ; Stiller, M. ; Th
To address one of the central questions of plate tectonics-How do large transform systems work and what are their typical features?-seismic investigations across the Dead Sea Transform (DST), the boundary between the African and Arabian plates in the Middle East, were conducted for the first time. A major component of these investigations was a combined reflection/ refraction survey across the territories of Palestine, Israel and Jordan. The main results of this study are: (1) The seismic basement is offset by 3-5 km under the DST, (2) The DST cuts through the entire crust, broadening in the lower crust, (3) Strong lower crustal reflectors are imaged only on one side of the DST, (4) The seismic velocity sections show a steady increase in the depth of the crust-mantle transition (Moho) from 26 km at the Mediterranean to 39 km under the Jordan highlands, with only a small but visible, asymmetric topography of the Moho under the DST. These observations can be linked to the left-lateral movement of 105 km of the two plates in the last 17 Myr, accompanied by strong deformation within a narrow zone cutting through the entire crust. Comparing the DST and the San Andreas Fault (SAF) system, a strong asymmetry in subhorizontal lower crustal reflectors and a deep reaching deformation zone both occur around the DST and the SAF. The fact that such lower crustal reflectors and deep deformation zones are observed in such different transform systems suggests that these structures are possibly fundamental features of large transform plate boundaries
Hohmann, S. ; Buchmann, Arlette F. ; Witt, S. H. ; Rietschel, M. ; Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine ; Schmidt, M. H. ; Esser, Günter ; Banaschewski, Tobias ; Laucht, Manfred
Objective: To investigate the association of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) promoter polymorphism rs16147 with body mass index (BMI) during the course of development from infancy to adulthood.
Design: Longitudinal, prospective study of a German community sample.
Subjects: n = 306 young adults (139 males, 167 females).
Measurements: Participants' body weight and height were assessed at the ages of 3 months and 2, 4.5, 8, 11, 15 and 19 years. NPY rs16147 was genotyped.
Results: Controlling for a number of possible confounders, homozygote carriers of the rs16147 C allele exhibited significantly lower BMI scores when compared with individuals carrying the T allele. In addition, a significant genotype by age interaction emerged, indicating that the genotype effect increased during the course of development.
Conclusions: This is the first longitudinal study to report an association between rs16147 and BMI during childhood and adolescence. The finding that this effect increased during the course of development may either be due to age-dependent alterations in gene expression or to maturation processes within the weight regulation circuits of the central nervous system.