Refine
Document Type
- Part of Periodical (5)
- Review (3)
- Article (2)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (2)
- Postprint (1)
Keywords
- Militär / Geschichte (2)
- Bahnwesen (1)
- Bildband (1)
- Blockchain (1)
- Brandenburg (1)
- Denkmal (1)
- Denkmalpflege (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Distributed-Ledger-Technologie (DLT) (1)
- Echtzeit (1)
Institute
Portal alumni
(2017)
Die Universität Potsdam verlieh am 22. Juni 2017 an
die türkische Politologin Hilal Alkan erstmals den
„Voltaire-Preis für Toleranz und Völkerverständigung
und Respekt vor Differenz“. Mit dem Preis ehrt die
Universität künftig einmal jährlich eine Person, die
sich für die Freiheit von Forschung und Lehre sowie
für das Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung eingesetzt
hat. Voltaire wurde Namensgeber des Preises, weil er
als Vordenker für den gesellschaftlichen Toleranz-Gedankens
zählt. Sein Plädoyer für Toleranz zwischen
den Religionen, gegen Fanatismus und Aberglauben
ist heute so aktuell wie lange nicht.
Die Stadt Potsdam und ihre Universität sind mit
Voltaire, der Aufklärungsepoche und dem Toleranzgedanken
eng verbunden. In Potsdam lebt der Geist
der Aufklärung und Toleranz, was im Leitbild der Stadt
öffentlich dokumentiert ist. Gelebt wird dieser Geist in
Projekten wie dem „Neuen Potsdamer Toleranzedikt
von 2008“ oder dem Bündnis „Potsdam bekennt Farbe“,
an dem die Universität Potsdam beteiligt ist.
Auch Ehemalige der Universität engagieren sich für
Frieden, Toleranz und Demokratieentwicklung. Da
liegt es nahe das Thema zum inhaltlichen Schwerpunkt
des Ihnen hier vorliegenden Magazins zu machen.
Auf unseren Aufruf zur Mitwirkung meldeten
sich rund 50 Ehemalige aus aller Welt, die von ihren
Engagements berichteten. Eine Auswahl von 12 Berichten
präsentieren wir in diesem Heft.
Mit dabei ist etwa Geoökologe Sylvio Mannel, der in
einem amerikanischen Indianerreservat gearbeitet und
die Lakota bei der Rückbesinnung auf ihre stolze Tradition
unterstützt hat. Oder Nicole Erfurth, die afghanischen
Mädchen eine gute Schulbildung ermöglichen
will. Oder aber Ralf Wunderlich, der als Profitrainer
für Fußball nach Finnland auswanderte und nun mit
Flüchtlingen trainiert.
In diesem Heft stellen wir auch aktuelle Projekte Ihrer
Alma Mater zu diesem Themenkomplex vor und
berichten darüber hinaus von den Höhepunkten des
Jahres 2017.
RailChain
(2023)
The RailChain project designed, implemented, and experimentally evaluated a juridical recorder that is based on a distributed consensus protocol. That juridical blockchain recorder has been realized as distributed ledger on board the advanced TrainLab (ICE-TD 605 017) of Deutsche Bahn.
For the project, a consortium consisting of DB Systel, Siemens, Siemens Mobility, the Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, TÜV Rheinland InterTraffic, and Spherity has been formed. These partners not only concentrated competencies in railway operation, computer science, regulation, and approval, but also combined experiences from industry, research from academia, and enthusiasm from startups.
Distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) define distributed databases and express a digital protocol for transactions between business partners without the need for a trusted intermediary. The implementation of a blockchain with real-time requirements for the local network of a railway system (e.g., interlocking or train) allows to log data in the distributed system verifiably in real-time. For this, railway-specific assumptions can be leveraged to make modifications to standard blockchains protocols.
EULYNX and OCORA (Open CCS On-board Reference Architecture) are parts of a future European reference architecture for control command and signalling (CCS, Reference CCS Architecture – RCA). Both architectural concepts outline heterogeneous IT systems with components from multiple manufacturers. Such systems introduce novel challenges for the approved and safety-relevant CCS of railways which were considered neither for road-side nor for on-board systems so far. Logging implementations, such as the common juridical recorder on vehicles, can no longer be realized as a central component of a single manufacturer. All centralized approaches are in question.
The research project RailChain is funded by the mFUND program and gives practical evidence that distributed consensus protocols are a proper means to immutably (for legal purposes) store state information of many system components from multiple manufacturers. The results of RailChain have been published, prototypically implemented, and experimentally evaluated in large-scale field tests on the advanced TrainLab. At the same time, the project showed how RailChain can be integrated into the road-side and on-board architecture given by OCORA and EULYNX.
Logged data can now be analysed sooner and also their trustworthiness is being increased. This enables, e.g., auditable predictive maintenance, because it is ensured that data is authentic and unmodified at any point in time.
Background: Healthy university students have been shown to use psychoactive substances, expecting them to be functional means for enhancing their cognitive capacity, sometimes over and above an essentially proficient level. This behavior called Neuroenhancement (NE) has not yet been integrated into a behavioral theory that is able to predict performance. Job Demands Resources (JD-R) Theory for example assumes that strain (e.g. burnout) will occur and influence performance when job demands are high and job resources are limited at the same time. The aim of this study is to investigate whether or not university students’ self-reported NE can be integrated into JD-R Theory’s comprehensive approach to psychological health and performance.
Methods: 1,007 students (23.56 ± 3.83 years old, 637 female) participated in an online survey. Lifestyle drug, prescription drug, and illicit substance NE together with the complete set of JD-R variables (demands, burnout, resources, motivation, and performance) were measured. Path models were used in order to test our data’s fit to hypothesized main effects and interactions.
Results: JD-R Theory could successfully be applied to describe the situation of university students. NE was mainly associated with the JD-R Theory’s health impairment process: Lifestyle drug NE (p < .05) as well as prescription drug NE (p < .001) is associated with higher burnout scores, and lifestyle drug NE aggravates the study demands-burnout interaction. In addition, prescription drug NE mitigates the protective influence of resources on burnout and on motivation.
Conclusion: According to our results, the uninformed trying of NE (i.e., without medical supervision) might result in strain. Increased strain is related to decreased performance. From a public health perspective, intervention strategies should address these costs of non-supervised NE. With regard to future research we propose to model NE as a means to reach an end (i.e. performance enhancement) rather than a target behavior itself. This is necessary to provide a deeper understanding of the behavioral roots and consequences of the phenomenon.