570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (127)
Year of publication
- 2017 (127) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (127) (remove)
Language
- English (127)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (127)
Keywords
- body height (3)
- community effect (3)
- phylogeny (3)
- Cyanobacteria (2)
- Mesenchymal stem cells (2)
- Myodes glareolus (2)
- Phylogeography (2)
- Pregnancy (2)
- Southeast Asia (2)
- acid sphingomyelinase (2)
- alien species (2)
- ancient DNA (2)
- biogeography (2)
- ceramide (2)
- metabarcoding (2)
- secular trend (2)
- species richness (2)
- 2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phosphate aldolase (1)
- AAP bacteria (1)
- Above-ground (1)
- Actin cytoskeleton (1)
- Adaptive traits (1)
- Adipose tissue (1)
- African green monkeys (1)
- Agricultural landscape (1)
- Algeria (1)
- Anthropogenic pollution (1)
- Antibody detection (1)
- Antigone vipio (1)
- Antisense agents (1)
- Apis mellifera (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Aquatic fungi (1)
- Arabidopsis (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- Archaea (1)
- Archival DNA (1)
- Argasidae (1)
- Argonaute 2 protein (1)
- Australia (1)
- Autotaxin (1)
- B lymphocytes (1)
- BPP (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Bahamas (1)
- Bark beetle (1)
- Bats (1)
- Below-ground (1)
- Berlin (1)
- Beta-diversity (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Biofilm (1)
- Bluestain fungi (1)
- Brassicaceae (1)
- Callose (1)
- Camelus dromedarius (1)
- Campylomormyrus (1)
- Canidae (1)
- Canopy (1)
- Carbon isotopes (delta C-13) (1)
- Carbon preference index (CPI) (1)
- Cell polarity (1)
- Centrosome (1)
- Chlamydomonas acidophila (1)
- Chlorella vulgaris (1)
- Chlorophyceae (1)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (1)
- Chytrids (1)
- Climatic legacy (1)
- Cognitive style (1)
- Community (1)
- Community assembly (1)
- Complex dynamics (1)
- Concept of lying (1)
- Continental air masses (1)
- Continuous renal replacement therapy (1)
- Core stability (1)
- Cutting frequency (1)
- DELLA proteins (1)
- DNA barcoding (1)
- DNA metabarcoding (1)
- Dactylis glomerata (1)
- Definition of lying (1)
- Dehydration tolerance (1)
- Dictyostelium (1)
- Dietary Cholesterol (1)
- Digestive enzyme activity (1)
- Disturbance (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Drug discovery (1)
- EMG (1)
- East Asian flyway (1)
- Eco-evolutionary dynamics (1)
- Ecophysiology on freshwater phytoplankton (1)
- Electric organ (1)
- Environmental filtering (1)
- Epithelial tube (1)
- Et-1 (1)
- Eukaryota (1)
- Europe (1)
- European bats (1)
- Exocrine gland (1)
- Experimental philosophy (1)
- Eye-tracking (1)
- FAK-MAPK (1)
- FASTAR (1)
- Fatty acids (1)
- Field experiment (1)
- Field margins (1)
- First trimester (1)
- Forest edge (1)
- Freshwater (1)
- Freshwater microbial communities (1)
- GenBank (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- Germany (1)
- Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database (1)
- Glucose (1)
- Glucosinolates (1)
- Gradients (1)
- Grus japonensis (1)
- Grus monacha (1)
- Habitat heterogeneity (1)
- Hapten (1)
- Hedgerow (1)
- Height z-score (1)
- Hepatic insulin resistance (1)
- Herb layer (1)
- Herbicide exposure (1)
- Herbivores (1)
- Heterogeneity species diversity relationship (1)
- Heteroptera (1)
- Heterotrophy (1)
- Hill numbers (1)
- Hydrogen isotopes (delta D) (1)
- Hypertension (1)
- Immunology (1)
- Immunosensor (1)
- Insect (1)
- Insulin signaling (1)
- Integrase 1 (1)
- Intensive care (1)
- Intermittent cycles (1)
- Invagination (1)
- Ion channels (1)
- Ips typographus (1)
- Issue 119 (1)
- Ixodidae (1)
- JUB1 (1)
- Kupffer Cells (1)
- LPA(3) receptor subtype (1)
- Lactobacillus fermentum (1)
- Lactobacillus salivarius (1)
- Lake (1)
- Land-use history (1)
- Land-use legacy (1)
- Landscape (1)
- Langmuir-Schaefer (1)
- Larix (1)
- Late Glacial and Holocene (1)
- Leopard cat (1)
- Leucogeranus leucogeranus (1)
- Leukotriene B4 (1)
- Light availability (1)
- Limiting similarity (1)
- Lipases (1)
- Long-term change (1)
- Low birth weight (1)
- Lying (1)
- LysM (1)
- Lysophosphatidic acid (1)
- MABC-2 (1)
- MAPK (1)
- MAPK phosphatase (1)
- MIS 5 to 1 (1)
- Management intensity (1)
- Marker (1)
- Mesostigmata (1)
- Meta-analysis (1)
- MiSpEx (1)
- Microplastics (1)
- Microtubules (1)
- Mitosis (1)
- Mixotrophy (1)
- Molecular phylogenetics (1)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (1)
- Monoclonal antibody (1)
- Monte Carlo method (1)
- Multi-locus phylogeny (1)
- Multimedia learning (1)
- Multispecies coalescent (1)
- Muntjac (1)
- NMR-based metabolomics (1)
- NWEurope (1)
- Namibia (1)
- New Guinea (1)
- Non-target terrestrial plants (1)
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) (1)
- Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) (1)
- Norway (1)
- Nosema spp. (1)
- Nucleus (1)
- Nutritional quality (1)
- Nycteribiidae (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Organogenesis (1)
- Osmotrophy (1)
- PAMP (1)
- PARAFAC (1)
- PLFA (1)
- PP2C phosphatase (1)
- Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (1)
- Phase relationships (1)
- Photosynthesis (1)
- Phylogenetics (1)
- PlGF (1)
- Plant chemical defense (1)
- Plant community (1)
- Plant community modelling (1)
- Plant diversity (1)
- Plant functional trait (1)
- Plant-community composition (1)
- Plant-soil feedback (1)
- Poecile hypermelaenus (1)
- Poecile weigoldicus (1)
- Polish conscripts (1)
- Polycomb (1)
- Pond (1)
- Population dynamics (1)
- Precipitation (1)
- Predator-prey cycles (1)
- Protein carbonylation (1)
- Proteomic (1)
- Pseudomonas syringae (1)
- Puumala virus seroprevalence (1)
- RBP4 (1)
- RNA (1)
- Rank-abundance (1)
- Rarity (1)
- Redistributive land reform (1)
- Renal function (1)
- Resurvey (1)
- Retinol (1)
- Risk assessment tool (1)
- Secular height trend (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Seedlings (1)
- Short-term drought (1)
- Siphonaptera (1)
- Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) (1)
- Small for gestational age (1)
- Small-molecule miRNA modulators (1)
- Snakes (1)
- Space use (1)
- Species co-existence (1)
- Species complex (1)
- Species loss (1)
- Split-belt treadmill (1)
- Stable isotopes (1)
- Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- Stature (1)
- Staurastromyces oculus (1)
- Staurastrum sp. (1)
- Storage effect (1)
- Streblidae (1)
- Survival (1)
- TTR (1)
- Target attainment (1)
- Taxonomic assignment (1)
- Temperate forest (1)
- Treated wastewater (1)
- Triticum aestivum L. (1)
- Turnover (1)
- Typical Western Diet (1)
- Verbalizer (1)
- Visualizer (1)
- Vitamin A (1)
- Warburg effect (1)
- Weakly electric fish (1)
- Westerlies (1)
- Wind turbines (1)
- adaptation (1)
- adipogenic differentiation (1)
- adipose tissue (1)
- adipose tissue regeneration (1)
- anti-oxidative response (1)
- antibacterial activity (1)
- antigen (1)
- asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) (1)
- baboons (1)
- baps (1)
- benthic (1)
- berry development (1)
- beta diversity (1)
- beta-Lactam (1)
- biodiversity (1)
- biodiversity exploratories (1)
- biofilm (1)
- biomarkers of renal failure (1)
- biomimetic sensors (1)
- blood banking (1)
- brassinosteroid (1)
- caffeine (1)
- capsule formation (1)
- capture enrichment (1)
- children (1)
- chimeric transcription factors (1)
- chromatin (1)
- climate change (1)
- co-function network (1)
- community effect on height (1)
- competitive resistance (1)
- complex I (1)
- conscripts (1)
- consumptive resistance (1)
- contrast-induced nephropathy (1)
- correlation (1)
- cranes (1)
- dam construction (1)
- dead Cas9 (1)
- defense genes (1)
- degraded DNA (1)
- developing brain (1)
- distribution (1)
- diyabc (1)
- early warning (1)
- electrochemistry (1)
- electropolymerization (1)
- electrospun scaffold (1)
- endophytes (1)
- ensemble prediction (1)
- enzyme catalysis (1)
- enzyme immobilization (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- epigenetics (1)
- extinct birds (1)
- extinction (1)
- farm productivity (1)
- fertilization (1)
- floodplain (1)
- foreign body giant cells (1)
- forest specialists (1)
- four-dimensional tissue reconstruction (1)
- freshwater lakes (1)
- fruit (1)
- fundamental motor skills (1)
- gamma diversity (1)
- gelatin based scaffold (1)
- gene expression (1)
- gene function prediction (1)
- genetic resistance (1)
- gibberellic acid (1)
- grapevine (1)
- growth (1)
- habitat generalist (1)
- hantavirus (1)
- harmful algae (1)
- height (1)
- herbivory (1)
- heterogeneity (1)
- heterologous systems (1)
- high temperature (1)
- honey bee (1)
- hormonal pathways (1)
- host-pathogen coevolution (1)
- human-wildlife conflict (1)
- hunting (1)
- hybrid capture (1)
- hybridoma technology (1)
- hyperoxia (1)
- immunconjugate (1)
- in vivo study (1)
- individual body height (1)
- intrinsically disordered proteins (1)
- invasive species (1)
- invertebrate-derived (iDNA) (1)
- islands (1)
- iterative mapping (1)
- kindergarten children (1)
- lacustrine groundwater discharge (1)
- land use change (1)
- late embryogenesis abundant proteins (1)
- latitudinal gradients (1)
- leaf economics (1)
- lean mass (1)
- life history (1)
- littoral (1)
- lung inflammation (1)
- macrophytes (1)
- mainland (1)
- measure hormone contents (1)
- mesoporous materials (1)
- metabolomics/metabolite profiling (1)
- miRNA (1)
- microRNA-induced silencing complex (1)
- microarrays (1)
- microbial invasion (1)
- microclimate (1)
- microparticle (1)
- microperoxidase (1)
- microsatellites (1)
- microstructure (1)
- migration (1)
- mitochondria (1)
- mitochondrial genome (1)
- mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) (1)
- mitochondrial genomes (1)
- mitogenome (1)
- monoclonal antibodies (1)
- movement barrier (1)
- mowing (1)
- mtDNA (1)
- museum specimens (1)
- myeloma cells (1)
- n-alkanes (1)
- natural selection (1)
- naturalized species (1)
- network (1)
- next-generation sequencing (1)
- normal weight obesity (1)
- nutrient availability (1)
- nutrient ratios (1)
- nutrients (1)
- nutritional components (1)
- ophenylenediamine (1)
- osmolytes (1)
- ovarian cancer (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- palaeoenvironment (1)
- palaeogenomics (1)
- palaeontology (1)
- parasite (1)
- pastoralism (1)
- performance (1)
- periphyton (1)
- permafrost deposits (1)
- phenotyping (1)
- phosphorus (1)
- photoheterotrophy (1)
- phylogeography (1)
- phytoplankton (1)
- plant biology (1)
- plant functional traits (1)
- plant invasion (1)
- plant strategies (1)
- platelets (1)
- poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (1)
- poly(ether imide) (1)
- polymeric thin film (1)
- population trend (1)
- pre-school children (1)
- precondition (1)
- preterm infants (1)
- property rights (1)
- protein folding (1)
- protein-membrane interaction (1)
- pufM gene (1)
- rabbit (1)
- rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (1)
- radiocarbon ages (1)
- regional floras (1)
- replacement (1)
- rhizosphere (1)
- sFlt-1 (1)
- salicylic acid (1)
- saproxylic beetles (1)
- scopoletin (1)
- sedaDNA (1)
- seed mass (1)
- seepage (1)
- simulation (1)
- single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (1)
- skinfolds (1)
- social signal (1)
- socioeconomic situation (1)
- soil microbiome (1)
- source-sink dynamics (1)
- spatial grain (1)
- species accumulation curve (1)
- species turnover (1)
- spectroelectrochemistry (1)
- sphingosine kinase-1 (1)
- storage (1)
- strategic growth adjustment (1)
- structure (1)
- synthetic biology (1)
- synthetic circuits (1)
- taxonomy (1)
- thiolactone (1)
- tomato (1)
- transcription factor (1)
- transcription factors (1)
- transcriptional regulation (1)
- transfusion-related acute lung injury (1)
- treeline (1)
- trnL (1)
- tyrosinase (1)
- urban ecology (1)
- variability (1)
- vascularization (1)
- water level (1)
- weight (1)
- zonobiome (1)
The effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning generally increase over time, but the underlying processes remain unclear. Using 26 long-term grassland and forest experimental ecosystems, we demonstrate that biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships strengthen mainly by greater increases in functioning in high-diversity communities in grasslands and forests. In grasslands, biodiversity effects also strengthen due to decreases in functioning in low-diversity communities. Contrasting trends across grasslands are associated with differences in soil characteristics.
Epigenetic maintenance of gene repression is essential for development. Polycomb complexes are central to this memory, but many aspects of the underlying mechanism remain unclear. LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) binds Polycomb-deposited H3K27me3 and is required for repression of many Polycomb target genes in Arabidopsis. Here we show that LHP1 binds RNA in vitro through the intrinsically disordered hinge region. By independently perturbing the RNA-binding hinge region and H3K27me3 (trimethylation of histone H3 at Lys27) recognition, we found that both facilitate LHP1 localization and H3K27me3 maintenance. Disruption of the RNAbinding hinge region also prevented formation of subnuclear foci, structures potentially important for epigenetic repression.
Sequelae of prematurity triggered by oxidative stress and free radical-mediated tissue damage have coined the term “oxygen radical disease of prematurity”. Caffeine, a potent free radical scavenger and adenosine receptor antagonist, reduces rates of brain damage in preterm infants. In the present study, we investigated the effects of caffeine on oxidative stress markers, anti-oxidative response, inflammation, redox-sensitive transcription factors, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix following the induction of hyperoxia in neonatal rats. The brain of a rat pups at postnatal Day 6 (P6) corresponds to that of a human fetal brain at 28–32 weeks gestation and the neonatal rat is an ideal model in which to investigate effects of oxidative stress and neuroprotection of caffeine on the developing brain. Six-day-old Wistar rats were pre-treated with caffeine and exposed to 80% oxygen for 24 and 48 h. Caffeine reduced oxidative stress marker (heme oxygenase-1, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC)), promoted anti-oxidative response (superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxin 1, and sulfiredoxin 1), down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulated redox-sensitive transcription factor expression (Nrf2/Keap1, and NFκB), reduced pro-apoptotic effectors (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and caspase-3), and diminished extracellular matrix degeneration (matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2, and inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1/2). Our study affirms that caffeine is a pleiotropic neuroprotective drug in the developing brain due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
How AAA(+) chaperones conformationally remodel specific target proteins in an ATP-dependent manner is not well understood. Here, we investigated the mechanism of the AAA(+) protein Rubisco activase (Rca) in metabolic repair of the photosynthetic enzyme Rubisco, a complex of eight large (RbcL) and eight small (RbcS) subunits containing eight catalytic sites. Rubisco is prone to inhibition by tight-binding sugar phosphates, whose removal is catalyzed by Rca. We engineered a stable Rca hexamer ring and analyzed its functional interaction with Rubisco. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange and chemical crosslinking showed that Rca structurally destabilizes elements of the Rubisco active site with remarkable selectivity. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed that Rca docks onto Rubisco over one active site at a time, positioning the C-terminal strand of RbcL, which stabilizes the catalytic center, for access to the Rca hexamer pore. The pulling force of Rca is fine-tuned to avoid global destabilization and allow for precise enzyme repair.
Recent advances in gene function prediction rely on ensemble approaches that integrate results from multiple inference methods to produce superior predictions. Yet, these developments remain largely unexplored in plants. We have explored and compared two methods to integrate 10 gene co-function networks for Arabidopsis thaliana and demonstrate how the integration of these networks produces more accurate gene function predictions for a larger fraction of genes with unknown function. These predictions were used to identify genes involved in mitochondrial complex I formation, and for five of them, we confirmed the predictions experimentally. The ensemble predictions are provided as a user-friendly online database, EnsembleNet. The methods presented here demonstrate that ensemble gene function prediction is a powerful method to boost prediction performance, whereas the EnsembleNet database provides a cutting-edge community tool to guide experimentalists.
The invasion success of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in experimental mesocosms
(2017)
The potentially toxic, invasive cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, originating from sub-tropical regions, has spread into temperate climate zones in almost all continents. Potential factors in its success are temperature, light and nutrient levels. Grazing losses through zooplankton have been measured in the laboratory but are typically not regarded as a factor in (failed) invasion success. In some potentially suitable lakes, C. raciborskii has never been found, although it is present in water bodies close by. Therefore, we tested the invasive potential of three different isolates introduced into natural plankton communities using laboratory mesocosm experiments under three grazing levels: ambient zooplankton densities, removal of large species using 100 mu m mesh and a ca. doubling of large species. Three C. raciborskii isolates originating from the same geographic region (North-East Germany) were added separately to the four replicates of each treatment and kept in semi-continuous cultures for 21 days. Two isolates disappeared from the mesocosms and were also not viable in filtered lake water indicating that the lake water itself or the switch from culture medium to lake water led to the decay of the inoculated C. raciborskii. Only one out of the three isolates persisted in the plankton communities at a rather low level and only in the treatment without larger zooplankton. This result demonstrates that under potentially suitable environmental conditions, top-down control from zooplankton might hamper the establishment of C. raciborskii. Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed distinct variation in resident phytoplankton communities between the different grazing levels, thus differential grazing impact shaped the resident community in different ways allowing C. raciborskii only to invade under competitive (= low grazing pressure) conditions. Furthermore, even after invasion failure, the temporary presence of C. raciborskii influenced the phytoplankton community.
Sucrose nonfermenting related kinase1 (SnRK1) is a conserved energy sensor kinase that regulates cellular adaptation to energy deficit in plants. Activation of SnRK1 leads to the down-regulation of ATP-consuming biosynthetic processes and the stimulation of energy-generating catabolic reactions by transcriptional reprogramming and posttranslational modifications. Although considerable progress has been made during the last years in understanding the SnRK1 signaling pathway, many of its components remain unidentified. Here, we show that the catalytic alpha-subunits KIN10 and KIN11 of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SnRK1 complex interact with the STOREKEEPER RELATED1/G-Element Binding Protein (STKR1) inside the plant cell nucleus. Overexpression of STKR1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants led to reduced growth, a delay in flowering, and strongly attenuated senescence. Metabolite profiling revealed that the transgenic lines exhausted their carbohydrates during the dark period to a greater extent than the wild type and accumulated a range of amino acids. At the global transcriptome level, genes affected by STKR1 overexpression were broadly associated with systemic acquired resistance, and transgenic plants showed enhanced resistance toward a virulent strain of the biotrophic oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2. We discuss a possible connection of STKR1 function, SnRK1 signaling, and plant immunity.
miRNA Targeting Drugs
(2017)
Only 20 years after the discovery of small non-coding, single-stranded ribonucleic acids, so-called microRNAs (miRNAs), as post-transcriptional gene regulators, the first miRNA-targeting drug Miravirsen for the treatment of hepatitis C has been successfully tested in clinical Phase II trials. Addressing miRNAs as drug targets may enable the cure, or at least the treatment of diseases, which presently seems impossible. However, due to miRNAs’ chemical structure, generation of potential drug molecules with necessary pharmacokinetic properties is still challenging and requires a re-thinking of the drug discovery process. Therefore, this chapter highlights the potential of miRNAs as drug targets, discusses the challenges, and tries to give a complete overview of recent strategies in miRNA drug discovery.
Anthropologists all over the world are discussing influences on individual height including quantity and quality of nutrition. To examine whether a relationship between nutritional components and height can be found this pilot study has been developed. The research samples consisted of 44 children (age 3–6 years) attending two different kindergartens in Germany. Height measurements were taken for each child. Furthermore the parents had to fill out a 24-hour questionnaire to document their children’s eating habits during the weekend. In order to standardize the measured height values z-scores were calculated with reference to the average height of the overall cohort. The results of correlation analysis indicate that height is not significantly related to any of the main nutritional components as protein (r = –0.148), carbohydrates (r = 0.126), fat (r = 0.107), fibre (r = –0.289), vitamin (r = 0.050), calcium (r = 0.110), potassium (r = 0.189) and overall calorie intake (r = 0.302). In conclusion, it can be stated that the quality of nutrition may not have a strong influence on individual height. However, due to the small sample size further research should be provided with a larger cohort of children to verify the present results.
Changes in body height throughout extended historic periods are very complex and dynamic processes. Thispilot study aimed to investigate the pattern of longitudinal height z-scores changes in children before and after entering kindergarten. In summer 2016, we measured height and weight of 32 children from 4 groups of two kindergartens aged 3–6 years. All ages were centered according to the age of entry into the kindergarten. For each child we determined mean z-scores for height before and after entering the kindergarten, and assessed the variances for each kindergarten group. Twenty-two children targeted in height z-scores towards average height of their respective kindergarten group, 10 children did not. Due to the small numbers, the convergence in height variance however, remained insignificant (chi-squared independence test, p = 0.127). Additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm this pilot study.