Department für Inklusionspädagogik
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Kinder mit internalisierenden Problemen erleben täglich herausfordernde akademische sowie soziale Situationen im Schulkontext. Dabei ist entscheidend, dass Lehrkräfte in der Lage sind diese Kinder zu identifizieren, um pädagogisch adäquat handeln zu können. Aufgrund der nach innen gerichteten Symptome stellt das Erkennen internalisierender Probleme eine große Herausforderung dar. Zur Diagnostik werden vorwiegend standardisierte Fragebögen eingesetzt, welche den Schulkontext sowie spezifische Altersgruppen und die damit einhergehende Veränderlichkeit von Emotionswahrnehmungen der betroffenen Kinder nur unzureichend berücksichtigen. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert die Ergebnisse einer Interviewstudie und diskutiert den Einsatz von Interviews als Methode zur Identifikation emotional relevanter Situationen aus der Perspektive von Kindern. Die Ergebnisse sollen der Ableitung alters- und kontextspezifischer Items dienen, um die Diagnostik internalisierender Schwierigkeiten weiterzuentwickeln.
We examined whether German adolescents who participated in an adapted 8-week school-based intervention, the Identity Project, reported greater changes in heritage and global identities and perceptions of classroom cultural climate. We used a longitudinal, wait-list control design pooling eight classrooms across the school years of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The sample included 195 seventh graders (M-age = 12.35 years, SD =.79, 39% female, 83% of migration background). Findings showed moderate support for more heritage identity exploration and greater perceptions of unequal treatment and critical consciousness climate in the intervention group. There were also important differences across conditions regarding how identity and climate related to adolescent outcomes. We conclude that the Identity Project can be adapted and applied in other cultural contexts such as Germany. It provides a necessary space for adolescents to engage in discussions about diversity, cultural heritage, social inequities, and their relevance to one's identities.
Lehramtsstudierende äußern vielfach den Wunsch nach umfangreichen praktischen Lerngelegenheiten. Insbesondere fallbasierte Lehr-Lern-Konzepte scheinen diesen Ansprüchen gerecht zu werden. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein an der Universität Potsdam entwickeltes Seminarkonzept vor, welches diesen Transfer zu fördern versucht. Die Basis des Konzepts bildet der Einsatz erfahrungsbasiert entwickelter Textvignetten pädagogischer Situationen. Im Rahmen der Begleitseminare zum Praktikum in pädagogisch-psychologischen Handlungsfeldern (PppH) wurde die kollegiale Fallbesprechung als eine Form zur angestrebten Transferförderung in dieses Seminarkonzept integriert. Dieser Beitrag skizziert zunächst die erfahrungsbasierte Entwicklung der Vignetten sowie die theoretischen Grundlagen des Seminarkonzepts. Im Anschluss werden die praktische Implementation und erfahrungsbasierte konzeptionelle Änderung (design-based-research) in der Lehre beschrieben sowie erste Ergebnisse der systematischen empirischen Erprobung im Rahmen des PppH vorgestellt. Abschließend diskutieren die Autoren die Herausforderungen der praktischen Umsetzung auch mit Blick auf das Verstetigungsvorhaben.
Um der großen und zunehmenden sprachlichen Heterogenität der Lernenden gerecht werden zu können, müssen Lehrkräfte schulische Lerngelegenheiten sprachbildend und sprachsensibel gestalten. Sprachliche Unterstützungsangebote müssen hierfür diagnostisch basiert sein und sollten alle relevanten Facetten von Sprache in den Blick nehmen. Im PSI-Teilprojekt „MeWis“ wurde untersucht, welche Vorstellungen Lehramtsstudierende bezüglich der komplexen und facettenreichen Struktur sprachlicher Kompetenzen haben. Im Rahmen ihrer Lehramtsausbildung (Primarstufe sowie Inklusionspädagogik) wurden n = 196 Bachelorstudierende gebeten, ihre Vorstellungen zur Struktur sprachlicher Kompetenzen in Concept Maps (CMs) zu dokumentieren. Die Analysen der CMs zeigen, dass sich in den Vorstellungen der Studierenden ein ausgeprägtes Ungleichgewicht zwischen Schriftlichkeit und Mündlichkeit findet, wobei die Studierenden die schriftsprachlichen Kompetenzen Lesen und Schreiben deutlich höher gewichten und das Zuhören als rezeptive mündliche Kompetenz kaum Erwähnung findet. Ergänzend greifen die Studierenden in ihren CMs häufig die in der Sprachbildung intensiv thematisierte Unterscheidung von Alltags-, Fach- und Bildungssprache auf. Erkenntnisse des MeWis-Projekts sind in die Arbeit der AG Sprachbildung der Universität Potsdam eingeflossen und auf diese Weise in der Lehramtsausbildung verstetigt worden.
Background:
The current meta-review of meta-analyses on psychotherapy research for complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) and samples at risk of complex traumatization has three aims: first, to provide an overview of efficacy of individual psychotherapies; second, to compare the quality of the meta-analyses; and third, to assess statistical power.
Methods:
The literature search was conducted until August 2020. Meta-analyses providing individual treatment effect estimates focusing on CPTSD or samples at risk of complex traumatization (i.e., victims of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), war or torture, refugees, and veterans with PTSD) were eligible for inclusion. The effect sizes were classified according to Cohen as small, medium, or large. The "A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews" (AMSTAR) was applied to assess the quality of the meta-analyses, and power was assessed post-hoc.
Results:
Twenty-four meta-analyses were suitable for inclusion. The efficacy of the interventions varied (g = -0.04 (CI -0.39; 0.48), controlled, to d = 2.73 (1.69; 3.76), uncontrolled). Overall, 16 effect estimates were large. On average, the quality of the meta-analyses was good (average AMSTAR total score 7.71 points (range 3-11). Considering quality assessments and power together, nine meta-analyses were evaluated as high quality.
Limitations:
No meta-analysis for CPTSD was eligible and the number of individuals with complex traumatization was not directly assessed in the at-risk groups.
Conclusions:
For at-risk groups for complex traumatization, on average, good-quality empirical evidence exists. Given the limited research on CPTSD, future studies are needed to further investigate the efficacy of interventions.
Despite evidence that acculturation hassles (such as discrimination and language hassles) relate to poorer adjustment for adolescents of immigrant descent, we know less about the psychological processes underlying these associations. In this study, we test whether reduced psychological needs satisfaction in terms of a lower sense of belonging, autonomy, and competence, mediates the associations of acculturation hassles with psychological distress and academic adjustment. Our sample included 439 seventh graders from 15 schools in Germany (51% female, M-age = 12.4 years, SD = .73). Results revealed that adolescents who experienced greater discrimination and language hassles showed a lower sense of belonging with classmates and subsequently, greater psychological distress. Those who experienced greater language hassles also exhibited a lower sense of perceived competence, and ultimately poorer academic adjustment. We conclude that self-determination theory (SDT) provides an important framework to explain key processes underlying the links between acculturation hassles with psychological distress and academic (mal-)adjustment. Strengthening belonging and competence among adolescents of immigrant descent may enhance their well-being in the face of acculturation hassles.
The color-evasive ideology (commonly termed "colorblindness") proposes that ethnic and cultural group memberships should be deemphasized. Yet there is a conceptual confusion around the meaning and measurement of color-evasiveness, and this construct is not used consistently in the international as well as German literature. Our purpose is to investigate whether two underlying forms of the color-evasive ideology (i.e., stressing similarities and ignoring differences) are two distinct, albeit related, constructs. We tested this hypothesis by applying these two forms of the color-evasive ideology to teachers' cultural diversity beliefs. In two cross-sectional field studies conducted with pre-service teachers (Study 1, n = 210), and in-service teachers (Study 2, n = 99), questionnaire items on the stressing similarities ideology and items on the ignoring differences ideology loaded on two separate factors, providing a better fit to the data than the one-factor model. Mean scores on these two types of color-evasive ideology also differed substantially, indicating that participants across the two studies mainly endorsed the stressing similarities perspective. The stressing similarities and ignoring differences ideologies related differently to other intergroup ideologies (i.e., multiculturalism and polyculturalism), and showed different patterns to psychosocial functioning in culturally diverse classrooms (i.e., cultural diversity-related stress).
Mismatch of the South African foundation phase curriculum demands and learners’ current knowledge
(2020)
Against the background of the low mathematical performance of South African learners in international panel studies, there is an urgent need to improve mathematical education. In particular, the curriculum and its structure raise questions. It is logical that the prescribed curricula should align with learners' developmental trajectories. Given the hierarchical structure of mathematics, the curricular requirements should pay attention to learners' current knowledge of mathematical concepts. The aim of this study was to compare the curricular requirements as defined by the CAPS with the conceptual current knowledge of South African learners. South African Grade 1 learners (N = 602) were assessed on a test of numeracy concepts, based on a theoretically informed and empirically validated model of developing mathematical proficiency. The content of the CAPS for Grade 1 was aligned to the model levels by two experts (Cohen's kappa = .753, p < 0.001). Results show that the curricular requirements go far beyond the current knowledge required to engage with these new concepts of the vast majority of South African Grade 1 learners. The mismatch may to some extent be responsible for the unsatisfactory results in international comparison studies. These results show that the intended curriculum is beyond the grasp of most South African Grade 1 learners. These children are unlikely to develop new arithmetic concepts based on their lack of required foundation knowledge. We therefore argue that the intended curriculum for Grade 1 should focus more on counting skills, ordinal relations between numbers and-most importantly-set-based number representations and part-part-whole relations.
Cultural diversity approaches in schools and adolescents’ willingness to support refugee youth
(2022)
Background Culturally diverse schools contribute to adolescents' intergroup relations. Complex and inclusive social identities are mechanisms that can explain the link between structural school cultural diversity (i.e., proportion of students of immigrant descent and the number of different ethnic groups) and positive intergroup relations. We expected that similar mechanisms might be at play linking cultural diversity approaches in schools with adolescents' intergroup relations. Aim We examined the link between two sub-dimensions of cultural diversity approaches (i.e., equal treatment; heritage and intercultural learning) and adolescents' prosocial intentions and behaviour towards refugee youth. Then, we explored the mediating role of identity inclusiveness (i.e., perceived similarity of the self with others). Sample and methods We sampled culturally diverse eighth grade adolescents from 54 classrooms in Berlin (N = 503, M-age = 13.76 years, 50.6% female). Surveys measured perceived cultural diversity norms, adolescents' perceived identity inclusiveness with refugee youth, prosocial intentions to support refugee youth, and willingness to donate to a project for refugee youth. Results Multilevel models revealed that adolescents' perception of heritage and intercultural learning predicted adolescents' prosocial intentions towards refugee youth, but not their willingness to donate. Equal treatment was not a significant predictor of adolescents' prosocial intentions towards refugee youth, or their willingness to donate. Identity inclusiveness did not mediate the relation between cultural diversity approaches and prosocial intentions. However, identity inclusiveness did positively relate adolescents' prosocial intentions and willingness to donate. Conclusions We conclude that culturally diverse schools that engage in heritage and intercultural learning might help to promote positive relations between local and refugee youth in schools and society. Fostering inclusive identities may enhance local adolescent's prosocial intention and behaviour.
