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The Dead Sea region has faced substantial environmental challenges in recent decades, including water resource scarcity, similar to 1 m annual decreases in the water level, sinkhole development, ascending-brine freshwater pollution, and seismic disturbance risks. Natural processes are significantly affected by human interference as well as by climate change and tectonic developments over the long term. To get a deep understanding of processes and their interactions, innovative scientific approaches that integrate disciplinary research and education are required. The research project DESERVE (Helmholtz Virtual Institute Dead Sea Research Venue) addresses these challenges in an interdisciplinary approach that includes geophysics, hydrology, and meteorology. The project is implemented by a consortium of scientific institutions in neighboring countries of the Dead Sea (Israel, Jordan, Palestine Territories) and participating German Helmholtz Centres (KIT, GFZ, UFZ). A new monitoring network of meteorological, hydrological, and seismic/geodynamic stations has been established, and extensive field research and numerical simulations have been undertaken. For the first time, innovative measurement and modeling techniques have been applied to the extreme conditions of the Dead Sea and its surroundings. The preliminary results show the potential of these methods. First time ever performed eddy covariance measurements give insight into the governing factors of Dead Sea evaporation. High-resolution bathymetric investigations reveal a strong correlation between submarine springs and neo-tectonic patterns. Based on detailed studies of stratigraphy and borehole information, the extension of the subsurface drainage basin of the Dead Sea is now reliably estimated. Originality has been achieved in monitoring flash floods in an arid basin at its outlet and simultaneously in tributaries, supplemented by spatio-temporal rainfall data. Low-altitude, high resolution photogrammetry, allied to satellite image analysis and to geophysical surveys (e.g. shear-wave reflections) has enabled a more detailed characterization of sinkhole morphology and temporal development and the possible subsurface controls thereon. All the above listed efforts and scientific results take place with the interdisciplinary education of young scientists. They are invited to attend joint thematic workshops and winter schools as well as to participate in field experiments. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Wirtschaft-Technik-Haushalt
(2003)
Aus dem Inhalt dieser Ausgabe: BEITRÄGE: Martina Dlugaiczyk: Der Waffenstillstand (1609-1621) als Medienereignis Peter Blastenbrei: Literaten und Soldaten (Teil 2) Hagen Haas: "Denn die Bombe, wann sie fällt ..." PROJEKTE: Bernhard Schmitt: "... eine ausgedehnte Gelegenheit zu einer ordentlichen Versorgung und besseren Fortkommen in dem Militärdienste" Andrea Pühringer: Die Darstellung von -Gewalt- im Krieg Torsten Reimer: Armada und Seeschlacht René Schreiter: Das Große Militärwaisenhaus zu Potsdam Grzegorz Podruczny: Preußische Militärarchitektur in Schlesien Jan Willem Huntebrinker: "Von der landsknecht lumphosen" BERICHTE: Heidi Mehrkens: Besatzung, Funktion und Gestalt militärischer Fremdherrschaft Esther-Beate Körber: Bericht über die Tagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft zur preußischen Geschichte REZENSIONEN: Frank Göse: Dreißigjähriger Krieg und Westfälischer Friede. Forschungen aus westfälischen Adelsarchiven. Vorträge auf dem Kolloquium der Vereinigten Westfälischen Adelsarchive e. V. vom 3.-4. Dezember 1998 in Münster, Selbstverlag der Vereinigten Westfälischen Adelsarchive e. V. 2000 Daniela Feistauer: Karen Hagemann, "Mannlicher Muth und Teutsche Ehre". Nation, Militär und Geschlecht zur Zeit der Antinapo-leonischen Kriege Preußens, Paderborn, München, Wien, Zürich: Ferdinand Schöningh 2002 Jörg Muth: Das Heerwesen in Brandenburg und Preußen von 1640 bis 1806. Bd. 1: Olaf Groehler, Das Heerwesen, 2. Aufl., Berlin: Brandenburgisches Verlaghaus 2001 Michael Busch: Annette Hempel, "Eigentlicher Bericht / So wol auch Abkontra-feytung." Eine Untersuchung der nicht-allegorischen Nach-richtenblätter zu den Schlachten und Belagerungen der schwedischen Armee unter Gustav II Adolf (1628/30-1632), Frankfurt a. M.: Peter Lang Verlag 2000 Daniel Krebs: Michael Zimmer’s Diary. Ein deutsches Tagebuch aus dem Amerikanischen Bürgerkrieg, hrsg. von Jürgen Macha und Andrea Wolf, Frankfurt am Main, Berlin u. a.: Peter Lang Verlag 2001 Jürgen Luh: Michael Hochedlinger, Krise und Wiederherstellung. Öster-reichische Großmachtpolitik zwischen Türkenkrieg und "Zweiter Diplomatischer Revolution" 1787-1791, Berlin Duncker & Humblot 2000 Ulrike Ludwig: Sine ira et studio. Militärhistorische Studien zur Erinnerung an Hans Schmidt, hrsg. von Uta Lindgren, Karl Schnith und Jakob Seibert, Kallmünz/OPF.: Verlag Michael Lassleben 2001
Predicting the electron population of Earth's ring current during geomagnetic storms still remains a challenging task.
In this work, we investigate the sensitivity of 10 keV ring current electrons to different driving processes, parameterised by the Kp index, during several moderate and intense storms.
Results are validated against measurements from the Van Allen Probes satellites. Perturbing the Kp index allows us to identify the most dominant processes for moderate and intense storms respectively.
We find that during moderate storms (Kp < 6) the drift velocities mostly control the behaviour of low energy electrons, while loss from wave-particle interactions is the most critical parameter for quantifying the evolution of intense storms (Kp > 6). Perturbations of the Kp index used to drive the boundary conditions at GEO and set the plasmapause location only show a minimal effect on simulation results over a limited L range.
It is further shown that the flux at L & SIM; 3 is more sensitive to changes in the Kp index compared to higher L shells, making it a good proxy for validating the source-loss balance of a ring current model.