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The displacement histories of the San Jacinto and southernmost San Andreas fault zones are constrained by offset data with ages in the range of 5 Ma to 5 ka. Apparent discrepancies between long- and short-term average displacement rates can be reconciled with a time-variable rate model. In this model, the displacement rate on the San Andreas decelerated from similar to35 mm/yr at 1.5 Ma to as low as 9 +/- 4 mm/yr by 90 ka. Over this same time period, the rate on the San Jacinto fault zone accelerated from an initial value of zero to a rate of 26 +/- 4 mm/yr. The data also imply that the rate of the San Andreas fault accelerated since ca. 90 ka, from similar to9 mm/yr to the modern rate of 27 +/- 4 mm/yr, whereas the San Jacinto decelerated from 26 +/- 4 mm/yr to the modern rate of 8 +/- 4 mm/yr. The time scale of these changes is significantly longer than the earthquake cycle, but shorter than time scales characteristic of lithospheric-scalle dynamics. The emergence of the San Jacinto fault zone ca. 1.5 Ma coincided with the development of a major restraining bend in the San Andreas fault zone, suggesting that the formation of new subparallell faults could be driven by conditions that inhibit displacement on preexisting faults
Spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation in apparently healthy subjects in relation to age
(2019)
Thrombotic disorders remain the leading cause of mortality and morbidity, despite the fact that anti-platelet therapies and vascular implants are successfully used today. As life expectancy is increasing in western societies, the specific knowledge about processes leading to thrombosis in elderly is essential for an adequate therapeutic management of platelet dysfunction and for tailoring blood contacting implants. This study addresses the limited available data on platelet function in apparently healthy subjects in relation to age, particularly in view of subjects of old age (80-98 years). Apparently healthy subjects between 20 and 98 years were included in this study. Platelet function was assessed by light transmission aggregometry and comprised experiments on spontaneous as well as ristocetin-, ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The data of this study revealed a non-linear increase in the maximum spontaneous platelet aggregation (from 3.3% +/- 3.3% to 10.9% +/- 5.9%). The maximum induced aggregation decreased with age for ristocetin (from 85.8% +/- 7.2% to 75.0% +/- 7.8%), ADP (from 88.5% +/- 4.6% to 64.8% +/- 7.3%) and collagen (from 89.5% +/- 3.0% to 64.0% +/- 4.0%) in a non-linear manner (linear regression analysis). These observations indicate that during aging, circulating platelets become increasingly activated but lose their full aggregatory potential, a phenomenon that was earlier termed "platelet exhaustion". In this study we extended the limited existing data for spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation of apparently healthy donors above the age of 75 years. The presented data indicate that the extrapolation of data from a middle age group does not necessarily predict platelet function in apparently healthy subjects of old age. It emphasizes the need for respective studies to improve our understanding of thrombotic processes in elderly humans.
Charge transport and structural dynamics in low molecular weight and polymerized 1-vinyl-3-pentylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ionic liquids (ILs) are investigated by a combination of broadband dielectric spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. While the dc conductivity and fluidity exhibit practically identical temperature dependence for the non-polymerized IL, a significant decoupling of ionic conduction from structural dynamics is observed for the polymerized IL. In addition, the dc conductivity of the polymerized IL exceeds that of its molecular counterpart by four orders of magnitude at their respective calorimetric glass transition temperatures. This is attributed to the unusually high mobility of the anions especially at lower temperatures when the structural dynamics is significantly slowed down. A simple physical explanation of the possible origin of the remarkable decoupling of ionic conductivity from structural dynamics is proposed.
The “HPI Future SOC Lab” is a cooperation of the Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI) and industry partners. Its mission is to enable and promote exchange and interaction between the research community and the industry partners.
The HPI Future SOC Lab provides researchers with free of charge access to a complete infrastructure of state of the art hard and software. This infrastructure includes components, which might be too expensive for an ordinary research environment, such as servers with up to 64 cores and 2 TB main memory. The offerings address researchers particularly from but not limited to the areas of computer science and business information systems. Main areas of research include cloud computing, parallelization, and In-Memory technologies.
This technical report presents results of research projects executed in 2017. Selected projects have presented their results on April 25th and November 15th 2017 at the Future SOC Lab Day events.
Geologic context of geodetic data across a Basin and Range normal fault, Crescent Valley, Nevada
(2004)
[1] Geodetic strain and late Quaternary faulting in the Basin and Range province is distributed over a region much wider than historic seismicity, which is localized near the margins of the province. In the relatively aseismic interior, both the magnitude and direction of geodetic strain may be inconsistent with the Holocene faulting record. We document the best example of such a disagreement across the NE striking, similar to55degrees NW dipping Crescent normal fault, where a NW oriented, 70 km geodetic baseline records contemporary shortening of similar to2 mm/yr orthogonal to the fault trace. In contrast, our geomorphic, paleoseismic, and geochronologic analyses of the Crescent fault suggest that a large extensional rupture occurred during the late Holocene epoch. An excavation across the fault at Fourmile Canyon reveals that the most recent event occurred at 2.8 +/- 0.1 ka, with net vertical tectonic displacement of 4.6 +/- 0.4 m at this location, corresponding to the release of similar to3 m of accumulated NW-SE extension. Measured alluvial scarp profiles suggest a minimum rupture length of 30 km along the range front for the event, implying a moment magnitude M-w of at least 6.6. No prior event occurred between similar to2.8 ka and similar to6.4 +/- 0.1 ka, the C-14 calender age of strata near the base of the exposed section. Assuming typical slip rates for Basin and Range faults (similar to0.3 mm/yr), these results imply that up to one third, or similar to1 m, of the extensional strain released in the previous earthquake could have reaccumulated across the fault since similar to2.8 ka. However, the contemporary shortening implies that the fault is unloading due to a transient process, whose duration is limited to between 6 years ( geodetic recording time) and 2.8 ka ( the age of the most recent event). These results emphasize the importance of providing accurate geologic data on the timescale of the earthquake cycle in order to evaluate geodetic measurements
BLUMENSTEIN, O.: Investigation of Environmental Quality and Social Structures in a Mining Area in the North West Province of South Africa ; BRONSTERT, A.; GÜNTNER, A.: A large-scale hydrological model for the semi-arid environment of north-eastern Brazil ; BRONSTERT, A. et al.: Hochwasserproblematik und der Zusammenhang mit Landnutzungs- und Klimaänderungen ; FRIEDRICH, S.: Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Wasserqualität des anfallenden Regenwassers an den 14 Regenwassereinläufen der Stadt Potsdam ; GELDMACHER, K. et al.: Bodenzerstörung im Palouse, Washington, USA ; ITZEROTT, S.; KADEN, K.: Modellierung der flächenhaften Verdunstung im Gebiet der Unteren Havel ; KNÖSCHE, R.: Das remobilisierbare Nährstoffpotential in Augewässersedimenten einer Tieflandflußaue
Objectives-The purpose of this study was to determine the dependence of breast tissue elasticity on the menstrual cycle of healthy volunteers by means of real-time sonoelastography.
Methods-Twenty-two healthy volunteers (aged 18-33 years) were examined once weekly during two consecutive menstrual cycles using sonoelastography. Group 1 (n = 10) was not taking hormonal medication; group 2 (n = 12) was taking oral contraceptives.
Results-The breast parenchyma appeared softer than the dermis and harder than the adipose tissue, and elasticity varied over the menstrual cycle and between groups. Group 1 (no hormone intake) showed continuously increasing elasticity with relatively soft breast parenchyma in the menstrual and follicular phases and harder parenchyma in the luteal phase (P = .012). Group 2 (oral contraceptives) showed no statistically significant changes in breast parenchymal elasticity according to sonoelastography. The parenchyma was generally softer in group 1 compared with group 2 throughout the menstrual cycle (P = .033). The dermis, the subcutaneous adipose tissue, and the pectoralis major muscle showed no changes in elasticity. Comparison of measurements made during the first and the second menstrual cycles showed similar patterns of elasticity in both groups.
Conclusions-Sonoelastography is a reproducible method that can be used to determine the dependence of breast parenchyma elasticity on the menstrual cycle and on the intake of hormonal contraceptives.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumor growth and metastasis by suppressing tumor immune surveillance. Herein, we provide evidence that the immunosuppressive phenotype of TAMs is controlled by long-chain fatty acid metabolism, specifically unsaturated fatty acids, here exemplified by oleate. Consequently, en-route enriched lipid droplets were identified as essential organelles, which represent effective targets for chemical inhibitors to block in vitro polarization of TAMs and tumor growth in vivo. In line, analysis of human tumors revealed that myeloid cells infiltrating colon cancer but not gastric cancer tissue indeed accumulate lipid droplets. Mechanistically, our data indicate that oleate-induced polarization of myeloid cells depends on the mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway. Thus, our findings reveal an alternative therapeutic strategy by targeting the pro-tumoral myeloid cells on a metabolic level.
The short- and long-term thrombogenicity of implant materials is still unpredictable, which is a significant challenge for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. A knowledge-based approach for implementing biofunctions in materials requires a detailed understanding of the medical device in the biological system. In particular, the interplay between material and blood components/cells as well as standardized and commonly acknowledged in vitro test methods allowing a reproducible categorization of the material thrombogenicity requires further attention. Here, the status of in vitro thrombogenicity testing methods for biomaterials is reviewed, particularly taking in view the preparation of test materials and references, the selection and characterization of donors and blood samples, the prerequisites for reproducible approaches and applied test systems. Recent joint approaches in finding common standards for a reproducible testing are summarized and perspectives for a more disease oriented in vitro thrombogenicity testing are discussed.