Refine
Year of publication
- 2004 (86) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (30)
- Preprint (26)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (21)
- Postprint (6)
- Doctoral Thesis (3)
Keywords
Institute
- Institut für Mathematik (86) (remove)
The two and k-sample tests of equality of the survival distributions against the alternatives including cross-effects of survival functions, proportional and monotone hazard ratios, are given for the right censored data. The asymptotic power against approaching alternatives is investigated. The tests are applied to the well known chemio and radio therapy data of the Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. The P-values for both proposed tests are much smaller then in the case of other known tests. Differently from the test of Stablein and Koutrouvelis the new tests can be applied not only for singly but also to randomly censored data.
In this paper we present duality theory for compact groups in the case when the C*-algebra A, the fixed point algebra of the corresponding Hilbert C*-system (F, 9), has a nontrivial center Z superset of C1 and the relative commutant satisfies the minimality condition A' boolean AND F = Z, as well as a technical condition called regularity. The abstract characterization of the mentioned Hilbert C*-system is expressed by means of an inclusion of C*- categories T-c < T, where T-c is a suitable DR-category and T a full subcategory of the category of endomorphisms of A. Both categories have the same objects and the arrows of T can be generated from the arrows of T-c and the center Z. A crucial new element that appears in the present analysis is an abelian group C(G), which we call the chain group of G, and that can be constructed from certain equivalence relation defined on (G) over cap, the dual object of G. The chain group, which is isomorphic to the character group of the center of g, determines the action of irreducible endomorphisms of A when restricted to Z. Moreover, C(g) encodes the possibility of defining a symmetry epsilon also for the larger category T of the previous inclusion
We study the dynamics of four wave interactions in a nonlinear quantum chain of oscillators under the "narrow packet" approximation. We determine the set of times for which the evolution of decay processes is essentially specified by quantum effects. Moreover, we highlight the quantum increment of instability.
Metastability in reversible diffusion processes : I. Sharp asymptotics for capacities and exit times
(2004)
We develop a potential theoretic approach to the problem of metastability for reversible diffusion processes with generators of the form -epsilonDelta+ delF(.) del on R-d or subsets of R-d, where F is a smooth function with finitely many local minima. In analogy to previous work on discrete Markov chains, we show that metastable exit times from the attractive domains of the minima of F can be related, up to multiplicative errors that tend to one as epsilon down arrow 0, to the capacities of suitably constructed sets. We show that these capacities can be computed, again up to multiplicative errors that tend to one, in terms of local characteristics of F at the starting minimum and the relevant saddle points. As a result, we are able to give the first rigorous proof of the classical Eyring - Kramers formula in dimension larger than 1. The estimates on capacities make use of their variational representation and monotonicity properties of Dirichlet forms. The methods developed here are extensions of our earlier work on discrete Markov chains to continuous diffusion processes
An intercomparison of aerosol backscatter lidar algorithms was performed in 2001 within the framework of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network to Establish an Aerosol Climatology (EARLINET). The objective of this research was to test the correctness of the algorithms and the influence of the lidar ratio used by the various lidar teams involved in the EARLINET for calculation of backscatter-coefficient profiles from the lidar signals. The exercise consisted of processing synthetic lidar signals of various degrees of difficulty. One of these profiles contained height- dependent lidar ratios to test the vertical influence of those profiles on the various retrieval algorithms. Furthermore, a realistic incomplete overlap of laser beam and receiver field of view was introduced to remind the teams to take great care in the nearest range to the lidar. The intercomparison was performed in three stages with increasing knowledge on the input parameters. First, only the lidar signals were distributed; this is the most realistic stage. Afterward the lidar ratio profiles and the reference values at calibration height were provided. The unknown height- dependent lidar ratio had the largest influence on the retrieval, whereas the unknown reference value was of minor importance. These results show the necessity of making additional independent measurements, which can provide us with a suitable approximation of the lidar ratio. The final stage proves in general, that the data evaluation schemes of the different groups of lidar systems work well. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America
In this article we study the geometry associated with the sub-elliptic operator ½ (X²1 +X²2), where X1 = ∂x and X2 = x²/2 ∂y are vector fields on R². We show that any point can be connected with the origin by at least one geodesic and we provide an approximate formula for the number of the geodesics between the origin and the points situated outside of the y-axis. We show there are in¯nitely many geodesics between the origin and the points on the y-axis.
Consider the perturbed harmonic oscillator Ty=-y''+x(2)y+q(x)y in L-2(R), where the real potential q belongs to the Hilbert space H={q', xq is an element of L-2(R)}. The spectrum of T is an increasing sequence of simple eigenvalues lambda(n)(q)=1+2n+mu(n), ngreater than or equal to0, such that mu(n)-->0 as n-->infinity. Let psi(n)(x,q) be the corresponding eigenfunctions. Define the norming constants nu(n)(q)=lim(xup arrowinfinity)log |psi(n) (x,q)/psi(n) (-x,q)|. We show that {mu(n)}(0)(infinity) is an element of H {nu(n)}(0)(infinity) is an element of H-0 for some real Hilbert space and some subspace H-0 subset of H. Furthermore, the mapping Psi:q-- >Psi(q)=({lambda(n)(q)}(0)(infinity), {nu(n)(q)}(0)(infinity)) is a real analytic isomorphism between H and S x H-0, where S is the set of all strictly increasing sequences s={s(n)}(0)(infinity) such that s(n)=1+2n+h(n), {h(n)}(0)(infinity) is an element of H. The proof is based on nonlinear functional analysis combined with sharp asymptotics of spectral data in the high energy limit for complex potentials. We use ideas from the analysis of the inverse problem for the operator -y"py, p is an element of L-2(0,1), with Dirichlet boundary conditions on the unit interval. There is no literature about the spaces H,H-0. We obtain their basic properties, using their representation as spaces of analytic functions in the disk
Let v be a valuation of terms of type tau, assigning to each term t of type tau a value v(t) greater than or equal to 0. Let k greater than or equal to 1 be a natural number. An identity s approximate to t of type tau is called k- normal if either s = t or both s and t have value greater than or equal to k, and otherwise is called non-k-normal. A variety V of type tau is said to be k-normal if all its identities are k-normal, and non-k-normal otherwise. In the latter case, there is a unique smallest k-normal variety N-k(A) (V) to contain V , called the k-normalization of V. Inthe case k = 1, for the usual depth valuation of terms, these notions coincide with the well-known concepts of normal identity, normal variety, and normalization of a variety. I. Chajda has characterized the normalization of a variety by means of choice algebras. In this paper we generalize his results to a characterization of the k-normalization of a variety, using k-choice algebras. We also introduce the concept of a k-inflation algebra, and for the case that v is the usual depth valuation of terms, we prove that a variety V is k-normal iff it is closed under the formation of k- inflations, and that the k-normalization of V consists precisely of all homomorphic images of k-inflations of algebras in V
We analyse different Gibbsian properties of interactive Brownian diffusions X indexed by the lattice $Z^{d} : X = (X_{i}(t), i ∈ Z^{d}, t ∈ [0, T], 0 < T < +∞)$. In a first part, these processes are characterized as Gibbs states on path spaces of the form $C([0, T],R)Z^{d}$. In a second part, we study the Gibbsian character on $R^{Z}^{d}$ of $v^{t}$, the law at time t of the infinite-dimensional diffusion X(t), when the initial law $v = v^{0}$ is Gibbsian.
The ellipticity of operators on a manifold with edge is defined as the bijectivity of the components of a principal symbolic hierarchy σ = (σψ, σ∧), where the second component takes value in operators on the infinite model cone of the local wedges. In general understanding of edge problems there are two basic aspects: Quantisation of edge-degenerate operators in weighted Sobolev spaces, and verifying the elliptcity of the principal edge symbol σ∧ which includes the (in general not explicitly known) number of additional conditions on the edge of trace and potential type. We focus here on these queations and give explicit answers for a wide class of elliptic operators that are connected with the ellipticity of edge boundary value problems and reductions to the boundary. In particular, we study the edge quantisation and ellipticity for Dirichlet-Neumann operators with respect to interfaces of some codimension on a boundary. We show analogues of the Agranovich-Dynin formula for edge boundary value problems, and we establish relations of elliptic operators for different weights, via the spectral flow of the underlying conormal symbols.
For each compact subset K of the complex plane C which does not surround zero, the Riemann surface Sζ of the Riemann zeta function restricted to the critical half-strip 0 < Rs < 1/2 contains infinitely many schlicht copies of K lying ‘over’ K. If Sζ also contains at least one such copy, for some K which surrounds zero, then the Riemann hypothesis fails.
We prove the existence of sectors of minimal growth for general closed extensions of elliptic cone operators under natural ellipticity conditions. This is achieved by the construction of a suitable parametrix and reduction to the boundary. Special attention is devoted to the clarification of the analytic structure of the resolvent.
We study a natural Dirac operator on a Lagrangian submanifold of a Kähler manifold. We first show that its square coincides with the Hodge-de Rham Laplacian provided the complex structure identifies the Spin structures of the tangent and normal bundles of the submanifold. We then give extrinsic estimates for the eigenvalues of that operator and discuss some examples.
We study a natural Dirac operator on a Lagrangian submanifold of a Kähler manifold. We first show that its square coincides with the Hodge - de Rham Laplacian provided the complex structure identifies the Spin structures of the tangent and normal bundles of the submanifold. We then give extrinsic estimates for the eigenvalues of that operator and discuss some examples.
If K is an algebraic function field of one variable over an algebraically closed field k and F is a finite extension of K, then any element a of K can be written as a norm of some b in F by Tsen's theorem. All zeros and poles of a lead to zeros and poles of b, but in general additional zeros and poles occur. The paper shows how this number of additional zeros and poles of b can be restricted in terms of the genus of K, respectively F. If k is the field of all complex numbers, then we use Abel's theorem concerning the existence of meromorphic functions on a compact Riemarm surface. From this, the general case of characteristic 0 can be derived by means of principles from model theory, since the theory of algebraically closed fields is model-complete. Some of these results also carry over to the case of characteristic p > 0 using standard arguments from valuation theory
Multidimensional cosmological models : Cosmological and astrophysical implications and constraints
(2004)
We investigate four-dimensional effective theories which are obtained by dimensional reduction of multidimensional cosmological models with factorizable geometry and we consider the interaction between conformal excitations of the internal space (geometrical moduli excitations) and Abelian gauge fields. It is assumed that the internal space background can be stabilized by minima of an effective potential. The conformal excitations over such a background have the form of massive scalar fields (gravitational excitons) propagating in the external spacetime. We discuss cosmological and astrophysical implications of the interaction between gravexcitons and four-dimensional photons as well as constraints arising on multidimensional models of the type considered in our paper. In particular, we show that due to the experimental bounds on the variation of the fine-structure constant, gravexcitons should decay before nucleosynthesis starts. For a successful nucleosynthesis, the masses of the decaying gravexcitons should be mgreater than or similar to10(4) GeV. Furthermore, we discuss the possible contribution of gravexcitons to ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. It is shown that, at energies Esimilar to10(20) eV, the decay length of gravexcitons with masses mgreater than or similar to10(4) GeV is very small, but that for mless than or similar to10(2) GeV it becomes much larger than the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff distance. Finally, we investigate the possibility for gravexciton-photon oscillations in strong magnetic fields of astrophysical objects. The corresponding estimates indicate that even the high-magnetic- field strengths B of magnetars (special types of pulsars with B>B(critical)similar to4.4x10(13) G) are not sufficient for an efficient and copious production of gravexcitons
The paper presents an explicit example of a noncrossed product division algebra of index and exponent 8 over the field Q(s) (t). It is an iterated twisted function field in two variables D (x, sigma) (y, tau) over a quaternion division algebra D which is defined over the number field Q(root3, root-7). The automorphisms sigma and tau are computed by solving relative norm equations in extensions of number fields. The example is explicit in the sense that its structure constants are known. Moreover, it is pointed out that the same arguments also yield another example, this time over the field Q((s)) ((t)), given by an iterated twisted Laurent series ring D((x, sigma)) ((y, tau)) over the same quaternion division algebra D. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Given an algebra of pseudo-differential operators on a manifold, an elliptic element is said to be a reduction of orders, if it induces isomorphisms of Sobolev spaces with a corresponding shift of smoothness. Reductions of orders on a manifold with boundary refer to boundary value problems. We employ specific smooth symbols of arbitrary real orders and with parameters, and we show that the associated operators induce isomorphisms between Sobolev spaces on a given manifold with boundary. Such operators for integer orders have the transmission property and belong to the calculus of Boutet de Monvel [1], cf. also [9]. In general, they fit to the algebra of boundary value problems without the transmission property in the sense of [17] and [24]. Order reducing elements of the present kind are useful for constructing parametrices of mixed elliptic problems. We show that order reducing symbols have the Volterra property and are parabolic of anisotropy 1; analogous relations are formulated for arbitrary anisotropies. We then investigate parameter-dependent operators, apply a kernel cut-off construction with respect to the parameter and show that corresponding holomorphic operator-valued Mellin symbols reduce orders in weighted Sobolev spaces on a cone with boundary. We finally construct order reducing operators on a compact manifold with conical singularities and boundary
Mixed elliptic problems for differential operators A in a domain Q with smooth boundary Y are studied in the form Au = f in Omega, T+/-u = g+/- on Y+/-, where Y+/- subset of Y are manifolds with a common boundary Z, such that Y- boolean OR Y+ = Y and Y- boolean AND Y+ = z, with boundary conditions T+/- on Y+/- (with smooth coefficients up to Z from the respective side) satisfying the Shapiro-Lopatinskij condition. We consider such problems in standard Sobolev spaces and characterise natural extra conditions on the interface Z with an analogue of Shapiro-Lopatinskij ellipticity for an associated transmission problem on the boundary; then the extended operator is Fredholm. The transmission operators on the boundary with respect to Z belong to a complete pseudo-differential calculus, a modification of the algebra of boundary value problems without the transmission property. We construct parametrices of elliptic elements in that calculus, and we obtain parametrices of the original mixed problems under additional conditions on the interface. We consider the Zaremba problem and other mixed problems for the Laplace operator, determine the number of extra conditions and calculate the index of associated Fredholm operators. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
We study mixed boundary value problems for an elliptic operator A on a manifold X with boundary Y , i.e., Au = f in int X, T±u = g± on int Y±, where Y is subdivided into subsets Y± with an interface Z and boundary conditions T± on Y± that are Shapiro-Lopatinskij elliptic up to Z from the respective sides. We assume that Z ⊂ Y is a manifold with conical singularity v. As an example we consider the Zaremba problem, where A is the Laplacian and T− Dirichlet, T+ Neumann conditions. The problem is treated as a corner boundary value problem near v which is the new point and the main difficulty in this paper. Outside v the problem belongs to the edge calculus as is shown in [3]. With a mixed problem we associate Fredholm operators in weighted corner Sobolev spaces with double weights, under suitable edge conditions along Z \ {v} of trace and potential type. We construct parametrices within the calculus and establish the regularity of solutions.
Modelling and simulation of light propagation in non-aged and aged step-index polymer optical fibres
(2004)
This thesis discusses theoretical and practical aspects of modelling of light propagation in non-aged and aged step-index polymer optical fibres (POFs). Special attention has been paid in describing optical characteristics of non-ideal fibres, scattering and attenuation, and in combining application-oriented and theoretical approaches. The precedence has been given to practical issues, but much effort has been also spent on the theoretical analysis of basic mechanisms governing light propagation in cylindrical waveguides. As a result a practically usable general POF model based on the raytracing approach has been developed and implemented. A systematic numerical optimisation of its parameters has been performed to obtain the best fit between simulated and measured optical characteristics of numerous non-aged and aged fibre samples. The model was verified by providing good agreement, especially for the non-aged fibres. The relations found between aging time and optimal values of model parameters contribute to a better understanding of the aging mechanisms of POFs.
This thesis discusses theoretical and practical aspects of modelling of light propagation in non-aged and aged step-index polymer optical fibres (POFs). Special attention has been paid in describing optical characteristics of non-ideal fibres, scattering and attenuation, and in combining application-oriented and theoretical approaches. The precedence has been given to practical issues, but much effort has been also spent on the theoretical analysis of basic mechanisms governing light propagation in cylindrical waveguides.As a result a practically usable general POF model based on the raytracing approach has been developed and implemented. A systematic numerical optimisation of its parameters has been performed to obtain the best fit between simulated and measured optical characteristics of numerous non-aged and aged fibre samples. The model was verified by providing good agreement, especially for the non-aged fibres. The relations found between aging time and optimal values of model parameters contribute to a better understanding of the aging mechanisms of POFs.
Dynamical processes with particular reference to opposite phenomena as growth and decay, may be translated into the mathematical language of difference equations or recursive equations. Such equations can be treated in the discrete case(where the principal mathematical instrument is furnished by geometrical progressions) or in the continuous case (where the mathematical instrument is particularly represented by exponential functions and logarithms). The variety of problems and of resolution methods renders the proposed material apt to be used in a significant way in the high school.
Ellipticity of operators on manifolds with conical singularities or parabolicity on space-time cylinders are known to be linked to parameter-dependent operators (conormal symbols) on a corresponding base manifold. We introduce the conormal symbolic structure for the case of corner manifolds, where the base itself is a manifold with edges and boundary. The specific nature of parameter-dependence requires a systematic approach in terms of meromorphic functions with values in edge-boundary value problems. We develop here a corresponding calculus, and we construct inverses of elliptic elements.
Given a system of entire functions in Cn with at most countable set of common zeros, we introduce the concept of zeta-function associated with the system. Under reasonable assumptions on the system, the zeta-function is well defined for all s ∈ Zn with sufficiently large components. Using residue theory we get an integral representation for the zeta-function which allows us to construct an analytic extension of the zeta-function to an infinite cone in Cn.
The classical Lefschetz formula expresses the number of fixed points of a continuous map f: M -> M in terms of the transformation induced by f on the cohomology of M. In 1966, Atiyah and Bott extended this formula to elliptic complexes over a compact closed manifold. In particular, they obtained a holomorphic Lefschetz formula on compact complex manifolds without boundary. Brenner and Shubin (1981, 1991) extended the Atiyah-Bott theory to compact manifolds with boundary. On compact complex manifolds with boundary the Dolbeault complex is not elliptic, therefore the Atiyah- Bott theory is not applicable. Bypassing difficulties related to the boundary behaviour of Dolbeault cohomology, Donnelly and Fefferman (1986) obtained a formula for the number of fixed points in terms of the Bergman metric. The aim of this paper is to obtain a Lefschetz formula on relatively compact strictly pseudoconvex subdomains of complex manifolds X with smooth boundary, that is, to find the total Lefschetz number for a holomorphic endomorphism f(*) of the Dolbeault complex and to express it in terms of local invariants of the fixed points of f.
The classical Lefschetz fixed point formula expresses the number of fixed points of a continuous map f : M-->M in terms of the transformation induced by f on the cohomology of M. In 1966 Atiyah and Bott extended this formula to elliptic complexes over a compact closed manifold. In particular, they presented a holomorphic Lefschetz formula for compact complex manifolds without boundary, a result, in the framework of algebraic geometry due to Eichler (1957) for holomorphic curves. On compact complex manifolds with boundary the Dolbeault complex is not elliptic, hence the Atiyah- Bott theory is no longer applicable. To get rid of the difficulties related to the boundary behaviour of the Dolbeault cohomology, Donelli and Fefferman (1986) derived a fixed point formula for the Bergman metric. The purpose of this paper is to present a holomorphic Lefschetz formula on a strictly convex domain in C-n, n>1
Pairwise proximity data, given as similarity or dissimilarity matrix, can violate metricity. This occurs either due to noise, fallible estimates, or due to intrinsic non-metric features such as they arise from human judgments. So far the problem of non-metric pairwise data has been tackled by essentially omitting the negative eigenvalues or shifting the spectrum of the associated (pseudo) covariance matrix for a subsequent embedding. However, little attention has been paid to the negative part of the spectrum itself. In particular no answer was given to whether the directions associated to the negative eigenvalues would at all code variance other than noise related. We show by a simple, exploratory analysis that the negative eigenvalues can code for relevant structure in the data, thus leading to the discovery of new features, which were lost by conventional data analysis techniques. The information hidden in the negative eigenvalue part of the spectrum is illustrated and discussed for three data sets, namely USPS handwritten digits, text-mining and data from cognitive psychology
Given asymptotics types P, Q, pseudodifferential operators A is an element of L-cl(mu) (R+) are constructed in such a way that if u(t) possesses conormal asymptotics of type P as t --> +0, then Au(t) possesses conormal asymptotics of type Q as t --> +0. This is achieved by choosing the operators A in Schulze's cone algebra on the half-line R+, controlling their complete Mellin symbols {sigma(M)(u-j) (A); j is an element of N}, and prescribing the mapping properties of the residual Green operators. The constructions lead to a coordinate invariant calculus, including trace and potential operators at t = 0, in which a parametrix construction for the elliptic elements is possible. Boutet de Monvel's calculus for pseudodifferential boundary problems occurs as a special case when P = Q is the type resulting from Taylor expansion at t = 0.
For a general attractive Probabilistic Cellular Automata on SZd, we prove that the (time-) convergence towards equilibrium of this Markovian parallel dynamics exponentially fast in the uniform norm is equivalent to a condition (A). This condition means the exponential decay of the influence from the boundary for the invariant measures of the system restricted to finite boxes. For a class of reversible PCA dynamics on {;1, +1}Zd, with a naturally associated Gibbsian potential ;, we prove that a (spatial-) weak mixing condition (WM) for ; implies the validity of the assumption (A); thus exponential (time-) ergodicity of these dynamics towards the unique Gibbs measure associated to ; holds. On some particular examples we state that exponential ergodicity holds as soon as there is no phase transition.
Ergodicity of PCA
(2004)
For a general attractive Probabilistic Cellular Automata on S-Zd, we prove that the (time-) convergence towards equilibrium of this Markovian parallel dynamics, exponentially fast in the uniform norm, is equivalent to a condition (A). This condition means the exponential decay of the influence from the boundary for the invariant measures of the system restricted to finite boxes. For a class of reversible PCA dynamics on {1,+1}(Zd), wit a naturally associated Gibbsian potential rho, we prove that a (spatial-) weak mixing condition (WM) for rho implies the validity of the assumption (A); thus exponential (time-) ergodicity of these dynamics towards the unique Gibbs measure associated to rho hods. On some particular examples we state that exponential ergodicity holds as soon as there is no phase transition.
We first introduce some coupling of a finite number of Probabilistic Cellular Automata dynamics (PCA), preserving the stochastic ordering. Using this tool, for a general attractive probabilistic cellular automata on SZd, where S is finite, we prove that a condition (A) is equivalent to the (time-) convergence towards equilibrium of this Markovian parallel dynamics, in the uniform norm, exponentially fast. This condition (A) means the exponential decay of the influence from the boundary for the invariant measures of the system restricted to finite ‘box’-volume. For a class of reversible PCA dynamics on {−1, +1}Zd , with a naturally associated Gibbsian potential ϕ, we prove that a Weak Mixing condition for ϕ implies the validity of the assumption (A); thus the ‘exponential ergodicity’ of the dynamics towards the unique Gibbs measure associated to ϕ holds. On some particular examples of this PCA class, we verify that our assumption (A) is weaker than the Dobrushin-Vasershtein ergodicity condition. For some special PCA, the ‘exponential ergodicity’ holds as soon as there is no phase transition.
We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an increasing coupling of N (N >= 2) synchronous dynamics on S-Zd (PCA). Increasing means the coupling preserves stochastic ordering. We first present our main construction theorem in the case where S is totally ordered; applications to attractive PCAs are given. When S is only partially ordered, we show on two examples that a coupling of more than two synchronous dynamics may not exist. We also prove an extension of our main result for a particular class of partially ordered spaces.
The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that nonparametric smoothing methods for estimating functions can be an useful tool in the analysis of life time data. After stating some basic notations we will present a data example. Applying standard parametric methods to these data we will see that this approach fails - basic features of the underlying functions are not reflected by their estimates. Our proposal is to use nonparametric estimation methods. These methods are explained in section 2. Nonparametric approaches are better in the sense that they are more flexible, and misspecifications of the model are avoided. But, parametric models have the advantage that the parameters can be interpreted. So, finally, we will formulate a test procedure to check whether a parametric or a nonparametric model is appropriate.
Contents: Chapter 7: The Index Problemon Manifolds with Singularities Preface 7.1. The Simplest Index Formulas 7.1.1. General properties of the index 7.1.2. The index of invariant operators on the cylinder 7.1.3. Relative index formulas 7.1.4. The index of general operators on the cylinder 7.1.5. The index of operators of the form 1 + G with a Green operator G 7.1.6. The index of operators of the form 1 + G on manifolds with edges 7.1.7. The index on bundles with smooth base and fiber having conical points 7.2. The Index Problem for Manifolds with Isolated Singularities 7.2.1. Statement of the index splitting problem 7.2.2. The obstruction to the index splitting 7.2.3. Computation of the obstruction in topological terms 7.2.4. Examples. Operators with symmetries 7.3. The Index Problem for Manifolds with Edges 7.3.1. The index excision property 7.3.2. The obstruction to the index splitting 7.4. Bibliographical Remarks
Contents: Chapter 6: Elliptic Theory on Manifolds with Edges Introduction 6.1. Motivation and Main Constructions 6.1.1. Manifolds with edges 6.1.2. Edge-degenerate differential operators 6.1.3. Symbols 6.1.4. Elliptic problems 6.2. Pseudodifferential Operators 6.2.1. Edge symbols 6.2.2. Pseudodifferential operators 6.2.3. Quantization 6.3. Elliptic Morphisms and the Finiteness Theorem 6.3.1. Matrix Green operators 6.3.2. General morphisms 6.3.3. Ellipticity, Fredholm property, and smoothness Appendix A. Fiber Bundles and Direct Integrals A.1. Local theory A.2. Globalization A.3. Versions of the Definition of the Norm
We prove in this paper an existence result for infinite-dimensional stationary interactive Brownian diffusions. The interaction is supposed to be small in the norm ||.||∞ but otherwise is very general, being possibly non-regular and non-Markovian. Our method consists in using the characterization of such diffusions as space-time Gibbs fields so that we construct them by space-time cluster expansions in the small coupling parameter.
The authors analyse different Gibbsian properties of interactive Brownian diffusions X indexed by the d-dimensional lattice. In the first part of the paper, these processes are characterized as Gibbs states on path spaces. In the second part of the paper, they study the Gibbsian character on R^{Z^d} of the law at time t of the infinite-dimensional diffusion X(t), when the initial law is Gibbsian. AMS Classifications: 60G15 , 60G60 , 60H10 , 60J60
We develop a cluster expansion in space-time for an infinite-dimensional system of interacting diffusions where the drift term of each diffusion depends on the whole past of the trajectory; these interacting diffusions arise when considering the Langevin dynamics of a ferromagnetic system submitted to a disordered external magnetic field.
Systems of elasticity theory
(2004)
Parametrices of elliptic boundary value problems for differential operators belong to an algebra of pseudodifferential operators with the transmission property at the boundary. However, generically, smooth symbols on a manifold with boundary do not have this property, and several interesting applications require a corresponding more general calculus. We introduce here a new algebra of boundary value problems that contains Shapiro-Lopatinskij elliptic as well as global projection conditions; the latter ones are necessary, if an analogue of the Atiyah-Bott obstruction does not vanish. We show that every elliptic operator admits (up to a stabilisation) elliptic conditions of that kind. Corresponding boundary value problems are then Fredholm in adequate scales of spaces. Moreover, we construct parametrices in the calculus. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Green operators on manifolds with edges are known to be an ingredient of parametrices of elliptic (edge-degenerate) operators. They play a similar role as corresponding operators in boundary value problems. Close to edge singularities the Green operators have a very complex asymptotic behaviour. We give a new characterisation of Green edge symbols in terms of kernels with discrete and continuous asymptotics in the axial variable of local model cones.
Let X be a smooth n -dimensional manifold and D be an open connected set in X with smooth boundary ∂D. Perturbing the Cauchy problem for an elliptic system Au = f in D with data on a closed set Γ ⊂ ∂D we obtain a family of mixed problems depending on a small parameter ε > 0. Although the mixed problems are subject to a non-coercive boundary condition on ∂D\Γ in general, each of them is uniquely solvable in an appropriate Hilbert space DT and the corresponding family {uε} of solutions approximates the solution of the Cauchy problem in DT whenever the solution exists. We also prove that the existence of a solution to the Cauchy problem in DT is equivalent to the boundedness of the family {uε}. We thus derive a solvability condition for the Cauchy problem and an effective method of constructing its solution. Examples for Dirac operators in the Euclidean space Rn are considered. In the latter case we obtain a family of mixed boundary problems for the Helmholtz equation.
We show a Lefschetz fixed point formula for holomorphic functions in a bounded domain D with smooth boundary in the complex plane. To introduce the Lefschetz number for a holomorphic map of D, we make use of the Bergman kernel of this domain. The Lefschetz number is proved to be the sum of the usual contributions of fixed points of the map in D and contributions of boundary fixed points, these latter being different for attracting and repulsing fixed points
We study the Neumann problem for the de Rham complex in a bounded domain of Rn with singularities on the boundary. The singularities may be general enough, varying from Lipschitz domains to domains with cuspidal edges on the boundary. Following Lopatinskii we reduce the Neumann problem to a singular integral equation of the boundary. The Fredholm solvability of this equation is then equivalent to the Fredholm property of the Neumann problem in suitable function spaces. The boundary integral equation is explicitly written and may be treated in diverse methods. This way we obtain, in particular, asymptotic expansions of harmonic forms near singularities of the boundary.
Local asymptotic types
(2004)
Edge representations of operators on closed manifolds are known to induce large classes of operators that are elliptic on specific manifolds with edges, cf. [9]. We apply this idea to the case of boundary value problems. We establish a correspondence between standard ellipticity and ellipticity with respect to the principal symbolic hierarchy of the edge algebra of boundary value problems, where an embedded submanifold on the boundary plays the role of an edge. We first consider the case that the weight is equal to the smoothness and calculate the dimensions of kernels and cokernels of the associated principal edge symbols. Then we pass to elliptic edge operators for arbitrary weights and construct the additional edge conditions by applying relative index results for conormal symbols.
We study the global singularity structure of solutions to 3-D semilinear wave equations with discontinuous initial data. More precisely, using Strichartz' inequality we show that the solutions stay conormal after nonlinear interaction if the Cauchy data are conormal along a circle. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
We discuss the role of gravitational excitons/radions in different cosmological scenarios. Gravitational excitons are massive moduli fields which describe conformal excitations of the internal spaces and which, due to their Planck-scale suppressed coupling to matter fields, are WIMPs. It is demonstrated that, depending on the concrete scenario, observational cosmological data set strong restrictions on the allowed masses and initial oscillation amplitudes of these particles
A new efficient algorithm is presented for joint diagonalization of several matrices. The algorithm is based on the Frobenius-norm formulation of the joint diagonalization problem, and addresses diagonalization with a general, non- orthogonal transformation. The iterative scheme of the algorithm is based on a multiplicative update which ensures the invertibility of the diagonalizer. The algorithm's efficiency stems from the special approximation of the cost function resulting in a sparse, block-diagonal Hessian to be used in the computation of the quasi-Newton update step. Extensive numerical simulations illustrate the performance of the algorithm and provide a comparison to other leading diagonalization methods. The results of such comparison demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is a viable alternative to existing state-of-the-art joint diagonalization algorithms. The practical use of our algorithm is shown for blind source separation problems
The author considers the heat equation in dimension one with singular drift and inhomogeneous space-time white noise. In particular, the quadratic variation measure of the white noise is not required to be absolutely continuous w.r.t. the Lebesgue measure, neither in space nor in time. Under some assumptions the author gives statements on strong and weak existence as well as strong and weak uniqueness of continuous solutions.