Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (162)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (62)
- Postprint (48)
- Review (6)
- Doctoral Thesis (5)
- Part of Periodical (4)
- Other (1)
- Working Paper (1)
Keywords
- discrimination (6)
- Germany (4)
- Lehrkräftebildung (4)
- inclusive education (4)
- identity (3)
- inclusion (3)
- intervention (3)
- primary school (3)
- refugee youth (3)
- Cultural diversity (2)
Institute
- Department für Inklusionspädagogik (289) (remove)
In his essay, Mel Ainscow looks at inclusion and equity from an international perspective and makes suggestions on how to develop inclusive education in a ‘whole-system approach’. After discussing different conceptions of inclusion and equity, he describes international policies which address them. From this international macro-level, Ainscow zooms in to the meso-level of the school and its immediate environment, defining dimensions to be considered for an inclusive school development. One of these dimensions is the ‘use of evidence’. In my comment, I want to focus on this dimension and discuss its scope and the potential to apply it in inclusive education development. As a first and important precondition, Ainscow explains that different circumstances lead to different linguistic uses of the term ‘inclusive education’. Thus, the term ‘inclusive education’ does not refer to an identical set of objectives across countries, and neither does the term ‘equity’.
In his essay, Mel Ainscow looks at inclusion and equity from an international perspective and makes suggestions on how to develop inclusive education in a ‘whole-system approach’. After discussing different conceptions of inclusion and equity, he describes international policies which address them. From this international macro-level, Ainscow zooms in to the meso-level of the school and its immediate environment, defining dimensions to be considered for an inclusive school development. One of these dimensions is the ‘use of evidence’. In my comment, I want to focus on this dimension and discuss its scope and the potential to apply it in inclusive education development. As a first and important precondition, Ainscow explains that different circumstances lead to different linguistic uses of the term ‘inclusive education’. Thus, the term ‘inclusive education’ does not refer to an identical set of objectives across countries, and neither does the term ‘equity’.
Across continental Europe, educational research samples are often divided by 'migrant background', a binary variable criticized for masking participant heterogeneity and reinforcing exclusionary norms of belonging.
This study endorses more meaningful, representative, and precise research by offering four guiding questions for selecting relevant, social justice oriented, and feasible social categories for collecting and analysing data in psychological and educational research. Using a preregistered empirical example, we first compare selected social categories ('migrant background', family heritage, religion, citizenship, cultural identification, and generation status) in their potential to reveal participant heterogeneity.
Second, we investigate differences in means and relations between variables (discrimination experiences, perceived societal Islamophobia, and national identity) and academic motivation among 1335 adolescents in Germany (48% female, M-age = 14.69). Regression analyses and multigroup SEM revealed differential experiences with and implications of discrimination for academic motivation.
Results highlight the need for a deliberate, transparent use of social categories to make discrimination visible and centre participants' subjective experiences.
Ethnic-racial identity (ERI) is an important aspect of youth development and has been well-studied for the last several decades. One issue less discussed is how the construct of ERI translates across different countries and cultures. The purpose of our paper is to describe the sociohistorical context of Germany and implications for the study of ethnic-racial identity in Europe. We discuss the German adaption of the Identity Project, an 8-week school-based ethnic-racial identity exploration intervention developed in the United States. We use this as a concrete example of how we thought through the focal construct of ERI to figure out how and whether it is a salient social identity category for youth in Germany where, in response to the history of racially motivated genocide, discussions of "race" are taboo. Digging into the ways ERI may not be directly transferable to different contexts can help us understand its nature as a socially constructed identity with real-life implications. Our hope with this paper is to further discussion, question our conceptualizations, and acknowledge how a detailed understanding of sociohistorical contexts is needed for the study of ERI.
Being perceived as a foreigner regardless of one's generational status, citizenship, or self-identification is called foreigner objectification. This is a form of identity denial and is linked to psychological distress. To test how foreigner objectification could be measured in Europe, we assessed whether the Foreigner Objectification Scale demonstrated reliability and validity with German adolescents. The sample included 806 9th graders from 17 high schools. The results showed that the scale demonstrates good reliability, scalar measurement invariance across gender and citizenship status, and partial scalar measurement invariance across family heritage, generational status, and cultural self-identification. Adolescents who scored higher on the scale also reported greater school behavioral disengagement, lower life satisfaction, and stronger ethnic identity. Our findings suggest that the scale is psychometrically sound and is linked in theoretically consistent ways to adjustment and ethnic identity. We conclude that this scale offers another way to capture subtle discrimination experiences that add to a more comprehensive understanding of discrimination and the related implications in Europe.
Purpose:
This study examines the contribution of number morphology to language comprehension abilities among children with specific language impairment (SLI) and age-matched controls. It addresses the question of whether number agreement facilitates the comprehension accuracy of object-initial declarative sentences. According to the predictions of the structural intervention account for German, number agreement should assist the correct interpretation of object-initial sentences.
Method:
This study examines German-speaking children with SLI and a control group of age-matched typically developing children on their sentence comprehension skills for auditory presented subject-verb-object and object-verb-subject (OVS) sentences. The sentences were manipulated with respect to the number properties of the noun phrases (e.g., one plural and one singular, or both singular) and the number agreement of the verb.
Results:
The group of children with SLI demonstrated poorer comprehension accuracy in comparison to controls. Comprehension difficulty was limited to OVS sentences among children with SLI. In addition, children with SLI comprehended OVS sentences in which number agreement (with plural subject and verb inflection) indicated the noncanonical word order more accurately than OVS sentences with two singular noun phrases and therein did not differ from controls.
Conclusion:
The study suggests that number agreement helps alleviate the difficulty with OVS sentences and enhances comprehension accuracy, despite the finding that children with SLI exhibit lower comprehension accuracy and more heterogeneous interindividual differences, relative to controls.
Classroom noise impairs students' cognition and learning. At a first glance, it seems useful to prevent the negative effects of noise on academic learning by wearing noise-cancelling (NC) headphones during class. The literature and guidelines emphasize the academic benefits of wearing NC headphones (decreased auditory distraction, increased concentration, learning improvement, and decreased distress). These benefits are particularly expected for students with special needs. None of the recommendations to wear NC headphones during class refer to any empirical studies, indicating a potential research gap and lack of evidence. Therefore, the question arises: Is there any empirical evidence supporting academic benefits of wearing NC headphones during class for typically developing students or students with special needs? A total of 13 empirical studies (quantitative and qualitative) were identified through a systematic scoping review of the existing literature. A wide range of outcomes (cognition, learning, academic performance, behaviour, and emotions) were reported related to the use of NC headphones. Most of the studies refer to specific groups of students with special needs (learning disabilities, autism, ADHD, etc.). In view of the limited number of studies, small sample sizes, and lack of replication studies, all studies give the impression of being pilot studies on the academic benefits of wearing NC headphones. The practice of wearing NC headphones during class is an understudied topic. The current body of evidence does not meet the standards for evidence-based practices in both general and special education. Implications for educational practice and future research are discussed.
Public Significance Statement As we have entered an age of unprecedented mass displacement, global solutions are necessary. Participatory science offers an opportunity for a transformative shift toward equitable partnerships between researchers and communities toward innovation and may provide a key to unsolved problems, as well as tap into the possibilities for progress and growth. This special issue on participatory research with immigrant and refugee communities offers a roadmap for advancing the field of psychology.
Objectives:
The major global problems of our day, including mass displacement, climate change, violence, and pandemic, necessitate global solutions. In a world where injustice and inequities are rampant, psychologists stand at the precipice of social change and action, with an opportunity to unambiguously decolonize our research methodologies, and engage in scholarship that provides immediate benefits to communities.
Method:
Participatory methods offer an opportunity to co-create an empowering, equitable, inclusive, and ethical science in partnership with communities.
Results:
This special issue on Collaborative and Participatory Research to Promote Engagement, Empowerment, and Resilience for Immigrant and Refugee Youth, Families, and Communities highlights exemplary interdisciplinary work that has emerged in learning from and working in partnership with immigrant and refugee youth, families, and communities.
Conclusions:
The special issue offers six major components of participatory methodologies that provide a roadmap to decolonizing psychological science, recognize the potentials for innovation and impact, and advance the field.
Language skills and mathematical competencies are argued to influence each other during development. While a relation between the development of vocabulary size and mathematical skills is already documented in the literature, this study further examines how children's ability to map a novel word to an unknown object as well as their ability to retain this word from memory may be related to their knowledge of number words. Twenty-five children were tested longitudinally (at 30 and at 36 months of age) using an eye-tracking-based fast mapping task, the Give-a Number task, and standardized measures of vocabulary. The results reveal that children's ability to create and retain a mental representation of a novel word was related to number knowledge at 30 months, but not at 36 months while vocabulary size correlated with number knowledge only at 36 months. These results show that even specific mapping processes are initially related to the acquisition of number words and they speak for a parallelism between the development of lexical and number-concept knowledge despite their semantic and syntactic differences.
Im Rahmen dieses Projekts wurde zunächst auf der Grundlage des COACTIV-Modells der professionellen Kompetenz von Lehrkräften (Baumert & Kunter, 2011) und dessen Spezifizierungen und Ergänzungen für inklusive Bildungsprozesse (Gebhardt et al., 2018; Ries et al., 2020) ein Modell für den sonderpädagogischen Schwerpunkt emotionale und soziale Entwicklung entwickelt. Ein besonderer Fokus lag hier auch auf der Förderung von Beziehungs- und Reflexionskompetenzen. Unter Nutzung des entwickelten Modells wurde ein Praktikumskonzept zur Professionalisierung von angehenden Lehrkräften im sonderpädagogischen Schwerpunkt emotionale und soziale Entwicklung erstellt. Die relevanten Kompetenzbereiche wurden mithilfe verschiedener Methoden und Techniken praxisnah operationalisiert und einer gezielten Förderung zugänglich gemacht. Neben der Vermittlung von theoretischem Grundlagenwissen erhielten Studierende die Möglichkeit, im Tandem eine von regelmäßigen Supervisionen und kollegialen Fallberatungen begleitete Einzelfallförderung an Schulen durchzuführen und diese im Einzelfalldesign zu evaluieren. Das Seminarkonzept wurde in geltende Studienordnungen implementiert und soll perspektivisch mit den eigens konzipierten Inhalten und Materialien als Open Educational Resources zur freien Verfügung für andere Ausbildungsstandorte gestellt werden. Zudem erfolgt aktuell eine summative Evaluation des Seminarkonzepts im Kontrollgruppendesign.
Zukünftige Lehrkräfte auf den Umgang mit Heterogenität vorzubereiten, besonders im Primarschulbereich, ist ein Ziel der Lehrkräftebildung. Ein Ansatz dazu ist die Förderung diagnostischer Kompetenzen von Studierenden. E-Learning-Angebote bieten hierzu angesichts der Individualisierung von Lernprozessen sowie der Möglichkeiten einer Integration in bereits bestehende Seminare viele Vorteile. Im Rahmen der Qualitätsoffensive Lehrerbildung wurde daher ein Online-Training entwickelt, das die mathematische Diagnosekompetenz von Studierenden stärken soll. Das Training ist ein E-Learning-Angebot, das im Selbststudium durchlaufen werden kann und aus Lehrvideos, interaktiven Schüler:innenvideos und interaktiven Übungen besteht. An der Universität Potsdam wurde das Training bisher in drei Seminaren des Lehramtsstudiums für die Primarstufe integriert und evaluiert. Aus der Evaluation mittels Fragebögen ging hervor, dass von Studierenden und Lehrenden die Integration positiv bewertet wird.
Kinder mit internalisierenden Problemen erleben täglich herausfordernde akademische sowie soziale Situationen im Schulkontext. Dabei ist entscheidend, dass Lehrkräfte in der Lage sind diese Kinder zu identifizieren, um pädagogisch adäquat handeln zu können. Aufgrund der nach innen gerichteten Symptome stellt das Erkennen internalisierender Probleme eine große Herausforderung dar. Zur Diagnostik werden vorwiegend standardisierte Fragebögen eingesetzt, welche den Schulkontext sowie spezifische Altersgruppen und die damit einhergehende Veränderlichkeit von Emotionswahrnehmungen der betroffenen Kinder nur unzureichend berücksichtigen. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert die Ergebnisse einer Interviewstudie und diskutiert den Einsatz von Interviews als Methode zur Identifikation emotional relevanter Situationen aus der Perspektive von Kindern. Die Ergebnisse sollen der Ableitung alters- und kontextspezifischer Items dienen, um die Diagnostik internalisierender Schwierigkeiten weiterzuentwickeln.
We examined whether German adolescents who participated in an adapted 8-week school-based intervention, the Identity Project, reported greater changes in heritage and global identities and perceptions of classroom cultural climate. We used a longitudinal, wait-list control design pooling eight classrooms across the school years of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The sample included 195 seventh graders (M-age = 12.35 years, SD =.79, 39% female, 83% of migration background). Findings showed moderate support for more heritage identity exploration and greater perceptions of unequal treatment and critical consciousness climate in the intervention group. There were also important differences across conditions regarding how identity and climate related to adolescent outcomes. We conclude that the Identity Project can be adapted and applied in other cultural contexts such as Germany. It provides a necessary space for adolescents to engage in discussions about diversity, cultural heritage, social inequities, and their relevance to one's identities.
Lehramtsstudierende äußern vielfach den Wunsch nach umfangreichen praktischen Lerngelegenheiten. Insbesondere fallbasierte Lehr-Lern-Konzepte scheinen diesen Ansprüchen gerecht zu werden. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein an der Universität Potsdam entwickeltes Seminarkonzept vor, welches diesen Transfer zu fördern versucht. Die Basis des Konzepts bildet der Einsatz erfahrungsbasiert entwickelter Textvignetten pädagogischer Situationen. Im Rahmen der Begleitseminare zum Praktikum in pädagogisch-psychologischen Handlungsfeldern (PppH) wurde die kollegiale Fallbesprechung als eine Form zur angestrebten Transferförderung in dieses Seminarkonzept integriert. Dieser Beitrag skizziert zunächst die erfahrungsbasierte Entwicklung der Vignetten sowie die theoretischen Grundlagen des Seminarkonzepts. Im Anschluss werden die praktische Implementation und erfahrungsbasierte konzeptionelle Änderung (design-based-research) in der Lehre beschrieben sowie erste Ergebnisse der systematischen empirischen Erprobung im Rahmen des PppH vorgestellt. Abschließend diskutieren die Autoren die Herausforderungen der praktischen Umsetzung auch mit Blick auf das Verstetigungsvorhaben.
Um der großen und zunehmenden sprachlichen Heterogenität der Lernenden gerecht werden zu können, müssen Lehrkräfte schulische Lerngelegenheiten sprachbildend und sprachsensibel gestalten. Sprachliche Unterstützungsangebote müssen hierfür diagnostisch basiert sein und sollten alle relevanten Facetten von Sprache in den Blick nehmen. Im PSI-Teilprojekt „MeWis“ wurde untersucht, welche Vorstellungen Lehramtsstudierende bezüglich der komplexen und facettenreichen Struktur sprachlicher Kompetenzen haben. Im Rahmen ihrer Lehramtsausbildung (Primarstufe sowie Inklusionspädagogik) wurden n = 196 Bachelorstudierende gebeten, ihre Vorstellungen zur Struktur sprachlicher Kompetenzen in Concept Maps (CMs) zu dokumentieren. Die Analysen der CMs zeigen, dass sich in den Vorstellungen der Studierenden ein ausgeprägtes Ungleichgewicht zwischen Schriftlichkeit und Mündlichkeit findet, wobei die Studierenden die schriftsprachlichen Kompetenzen Lesen und Schreiben deutlich höher gewichten und das Zuhören als rezeptive mündliche Kompetenz kaum Erwähnung findet. Ergänzend greifen die Studierenden in ihren CMs häufig die in der Sprachbildung intensiv thematisierte Unterscheidung von Alltags-, Fach- und Bildungssprache auf. Erkenntnisse des MeWis-Projekts sind in die Arbeit der AG Sprachbildung der Universität Potsdam eingeflossen und auf diese Weise in der Lehramtsausbildung verstetigt worden.
Background:
The current meta-review of meta-analyses on psychotherapy research for complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) and samples at risk of complex traumatization has three aims: first, to provide an overview of efficacy of individual psychotherapies; second, to compare the quality of the meta-analyses; and third, to assess statistical power.
Methods:
The literature search was conducted until August 2020. Meta-analyses providing individual treatment effect estimates focusing on CPTSD or samples at risk of complex traumatization (i.e., victims of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), war or torture, refugees, and veterans with PTSD) were eligible for inclusion. The effect sizes were classified according to Cohen as small, medium, or large. The "A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews" (AMSTAR) was applied to assess the quality of the meta-analyses, and power was assessed post-hoc.
Results:
Twenty-four meta-analyses were suitable for inclusion. The efficacy of the interventions varied (g = -0.04 (CI -0.39; 0.48), controlled, to d = 2.73 (1.69; 3.76), uncontrolled). Overall, 16 effect estimates were large. On average, the quality of the meta-analyses was good (average AMSTAR total score 7.71 points (range 3-11). Considering quality assessments and power together, nine meta-analyses were evaluated as high quality.
Limitations:
No meta-analysis for CPTSD was eligible and the number of individuals with complex traumatization was not directly assessed in the at-risk groups.
Conclusions:
For at-risk groups for complex traumatization, on average, good-quality empirical evidence exists. Given the limited research on CPTSD, future studies are needed to further investigate the efficacy of interventions.
Despite evidence that acculturation hassles (such as discrimination and language hassles) relate to poorer adjustment for adolescents of immigrant descent, we know less about the psychological processes underlying these associations. In this study, we test whether reduced psychological needs satisfaction in terms of a lower sense of belonging, autonomy, and competence, mediates the associations of acculturation hassles with psychological distress and academic adjustment. Our sample included 439 seventh graders from 15 schools in Germany (51% female, M-age = 12.4 years, SD = .73). Results revealed that adolescents who experienced greater discrimination and language hassles showed a lower sense of belonging with classmates and subsequently, greater psychological distress. Those who experienced greater language hassles also exhibited a lower sense of perceived competence, and ultimately poorer academic adjustment. We conclude that self-determination theory (SDT) provides an important framework to explain key processes underlying the links between acculturation hassles with psychological distress and academic (mal-)adjustment. Strengthening belonging and competence among adolescents of immigrant descent may enhance their well-being in the face of acculturation hassles.
The color-evasive ideology (commonly termed "colorblindness") proposes that ethnic and cultural group memberships should be deemphasized. Yet there is a conceptual confusion around the meaning and measurement of color-evasiveness, and this construct is not used consistently in the international as well as German literature. Our purpose is to investigate whether two underlying forms of the color-evasive ideology (i.e., stressing similarities and ignoring differences) are two distinct, albeit related, constructs. We tested this hypothesis by applying these two forms of the color-evasive ideology to teachers' cultural diversity beliefs. In two cross-sectional field studies conducted with pre-service teachers (Study 1, n = 210), and in-service teachers (Study 2, n = 99), questionnaire items on the stressing similarities ideology and items on the ignoring differences ideology loaded on two separate factors, providing a better fit to the data than the one-factor model. Mean scores on these two types of color-evasive ideology also differed substantially, indicating that participants across the two studies mainly endorsed the stressing similarities perspective. The stressing similarities and ignoring differences ideologies related differently to other intergroup ideologies (i.e., multiculturalism and polyculturalism), and showed different patterns to psychosocial functioning in culturally diverse classrooms (i.e., cultural diversity-related stress).