Refine
Year of publication
- 2018 (315) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (219)
- Postprint (29)
- Doctoral Thesis (27)
- Review (20)
- Other (16)
- Habilitation Thesis (3)
- Conference Proceeding (1)
Language
- English (315) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (315)
Keywords
- Arabidopsis (6)
- plasticity (5)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (4)
- adaptation (4)
- ancient DNA (4)
- biodiversity (4)
- climate change (4)
- competition (4)
- inheritance (4)
- palaeogenomics (4)
- protein (4)
- strategic growth adjustments (4)
- temperature (4)
- Africa (3)
- DNA (3)
- DNA methylation (3)
- GPS (3)
- Germany (3)
- Lepus europaeus (3)
- Life history (3)
- Metabolomics (3)
- Review (3)
- angiogenesis (3)
- body height (3)
- centriole (3)
- centrosome (3)
- exposure (3)
- expression (3)
- metabolomics (3)
- microtubules (3)
- nitrogen deposition (3)
- phototaxis (3)
- priming (3)
- short-read mapping (3)
- synthetic biology (3)
- wild mammal species (3)
- Acoustic-Signals (2)
- Aquatic ecosystems (2)
- Biodiversität (2)
- Biofilm (2)
- Biofilms (2)
- CCM (2)
- Chlamydomonas (2)
- Convergent Evolution (2)
- Cyanobacteria (2)
- DNA nanostructure (2)
- Dielectrophoresis (2)
- Differential gene expression (2)
- Dwelling Atlantic Mollies (2)
- Eco-evolutionary dynamics (2)
- Electropolymerization (2)
- Emberiza (2)
- EphA2 (2)
- Ethnobotany (2)
- European Multi Lake Survey (2)
- Eutrophication (2)
- Evolution (2)
- Fitness (2)
- Gene expression (2)
- Global change (2)
- Glomosporiaceae (2)
- Gynogenesis (2)
- HK620 (2)
- Heart development (2)
- Hybrid speciation (2)
- Hypopomus-Occidentalis (2)
- Mate choice (2)
- Mechanotransduction (2)
- Meiosis (2)
- Metabolism (2)
- Microcystis aeruginosa (2)
- Microorganisms (2)
- Microplastics (2)
- Microsatellite analysis (2)
- Modeling (2)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (2)
- Monoclonal antibodies (2)
- Mormyrid Fish (2)
- Myodes glareolus (2)
- NAB (2)
- O-antigen (2)
- O-antigen specific phage (2)
- Offspring weight (2)
- Organ Discharge Patterns (2)
- PC-3 cells (2)
- Paternity analysis (2)
- Phylogenetic-Relationships (2)
- Poecili-Mexicana (2)
- Poecilia formosa (2)
- Poecilia latipinna (2)
- Poecilia mexicana (2)
- Pollimyrus-Isidori (2)
- Population genetics (2)
- Rice (2)
- SPB (2)
- SWL (2)
- Sailfin molly (2)
- Scopoletin (2)
- Senescence (2)
- Sexual Selection (2)
- Sexual selection (2)
- Shigella flexneri (2)
- Stoffwechsel (2)
- Tanzania (2)
- aberrations (2)
- agriculture (2)
- alignment sensitivity / specificity (2)
- allocation (2)
- anatoxin (2)
- arable land (2)
- bacteriophage (2)
- basal body (2)
- biodiversity exploratories (2)
- biogeography (2)
- biomarker (2)
- bird migration (2)
- calcium (2)
- cardiomyogenic differentiation (2)
- cholesterol (2)
- chromatin (2)
- cilium (2)
- coexistence (2)
- community effect on height (2)
- competition–defense trade‐off (2)
- competitive growth (2)
- conservation (2)
- cord blood (2)
- cylindrospermopsin (2)
- defense against predation (2)
- direct effects (2)
- dry and mesic grasslands (2)
- dynamics (2)
- efficient (2)
- eicosapentaenoic acid (2)
- ephrin (2)
- epigenetics (2)
- evolution (2)
- fertilization (2)
- fluorescence sensor (2)
- food quality (2)
- forestREplot (2)
- functional response (2)
- genome assembly (2)
- grazing (2)
- habitat selection (2)
- habitat use (2)
- host specificity (2)
- in silico (2)
- in vitro (2)
- in vitro particle opening (2)
- indirect effects (2)
- indirect facilitation (2)
- individual-based model (2)
- internal transcribed spacer (2)
- land use (2)
- life cycle (2)
- light pollution (2)
- lipid limitation thresholds (2)
- lipopolysaccharide (2)
- liverwort (2)
- male Daphnia (2)
- maltooligosaccharides (2)
- mammals (2)
- mate-pairs (2)
- meadow (2)
- metabolism (2)
- microbial ecology (2)
- microcystin (2)
- microplastics (2)
- microtiter plate assay (2)
- molecular phylogenetics (2)
- moss (2)
- multivalence (2)
- neurodegeneration (2)
- non-breeding (2)
- nucleus-associated body (2)
- paleogenomics (2)
- pasture (2)
- phenology (2)
- plants (2)
- plastidial phosphorylase (2)
- podovirus (2)
- polyunsaturated fatty acids (2)
- predator-prey dynamics (2)
- predator–prey cycles (2)
- progenitor cells (2)
- rodent (2)
- scaffolding (2)
- senescence (2)
- serotyping (2)
- shotgun sequencing (2)
- smut fungi (2)
- spatial distribution (2)
- species coexistence (2)
- spindle pole body (2)
- stability (2)
- starch biosynthesis (2)
- starch granule biogenesis (2)
- starch synthase (2)
- sterols (2)
- stopover (2)
- tailspike protein (2)
- tailspike proteins (2)
- telemetry (2)
- telomere dysfunction (2)
- transformation (2)
- vegetation height (2)
- virus infection (2)
- 16S rRNA Illumina amplicon sequencing (1)
- 3D-acceleration sensor (1)
- A. thaliana (1)
- AC electrokinetics (1)
- ACD6 (1)
- ALAN (1)
- ARL13b (1)
- ARL3 (1)
- Achillea millefolium (1)
- Activity respiration (1)
- Adolescence (1)
- Afrika (1)
- Age (1)
- Agrarlandschaft (1)
- Agricultural fertilization (1)
- Agricultural landscapes (1)
- Alignment (1)
- Allelopathy (1)
- Allometric trophic network model (1)
- Allometry (1)
- Alternaria mycotoxins (1)
- Alternaria species-groups (1)
- Alternative growth regulators (1)
- Ambrosia artemisiifolia (1)
- Anatolia (1)
- Ancient forest (1)
- Angiosperms (1)
- Anolis (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Antibiotic resistance (1)
- Aphis fabae (1)
- Arabia (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (1)
- Arabidopsis-thaliana (1)
- Arabien (1)
- Arionidae (1)
- Aromatic amino acids (1)
- Arsenic speciation (1)
- Arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (1)
- Arsenolipids (1)
- Artificial light (1)
- Artificial light at night (ALAN) (1)
- Astrobiologie (1)
- AtD-CGS (1)
- Auxin (1)
- Auxin transport (1)
- B12-dependent 1,2-propanediol degradation (1)
- BEMOVI (1)
- BRUSHY1 (1)
- Bacterial community composition (1)
- Baltic Sea (1)
- Beech forests (1)
- Behavior (1)
- Benzylbenzofuran (1)
- Bet-hedging (1)
- Bewegungsökologie (1)
- Bioaccumulation (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Biogeography (1)
- Biokatalyse (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Biomimetic sensors (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Biosignaturen (1)
- Blood-Brain Barrier (1)
- Body height (1)
- Boreal forests (1)
- Brachionus calyciflorus (1)
- Branched chain amino acids (1)
- Bray Curtis dissimilarity (1)
- Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy (1)
- Buds (1)
- C sequestration (1)
- CDS (1)
- CSF (1)
- CWSI (1)
- CYSTATHIONINE GAMMA-SYNTHASE (1)
- Caffeine (1)
- Camelid antibodies (1)
- Camelid single domain antibodies (1)
- Canalization (1)
- Canopy (1)
- Capsella (1)
- Carabidae (1)
- Carbon (1)
- Carbon cycling (1)
- Cardiac regeneration (1)
- Cardiomyocyte proliferation (1)
- Cell death (1)
- Cell signalling (1)
- Cellular phosphorus (1)
- Cervidae (1)
- Cetaceans (1)
- Chalcone (1)
- Charophytes (1)
- Child growth (1)
- Chlorophyll (1)
- Chromatin-based mechanisms (1)
- Chronic exposure (1)
- Chronic stress (1)
- Chronosequence (1)
- Chytridiomycota (1)
- Ciconia ciconia (1)
- Climate-change ecology (1)
- Co-evolution (1)
- Coexistence mechanisms (1)
- Colonization (1)
- Community ecology (1)
- Community effects on growth (1)
- Competitive growth (1)
- Congenital heart defects (1)
- Conifer plantations (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Corms (1)
- Counterstrategy (1)
- Cover abundance (1)
- Cryptogams (1)
- Cultivation (1)
- Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (1)
- Cytochrome P450 (1)
- Cytotoxicity (1)
- DDT (1)
- DNA assembly (1)
- DNA cloning (1)
- DNA extraction (1)
- DNA-binding (1)
- DNRA (1)
- DUF300 proteins (1)
- Dangeardia mamillata (1)
- Daphnia (1)
- Degradation (1)
- Denitrifiers (1)
- Desiccation (1)
- Determination of crystallinity (1)
- Determination of hydration (1)
- Developing brain (1)
- Developmental evolution (1)
- Dialel (1)
- Dictyostelium (1)
- Dictyostelium discoideum (1)
- Disease monitoring (1)
- Diseases of the nervous system (1)
- Dormancy phases (1)
- Dorstenia kameruniana (1)
- Dryland (1)
- E. coil (1)
- EARLY STARVATION1 (1)
- ERK5 (1)
- East Africa (1)
- Eco-hydrological model (1)
- EcoHyD (1)
- Ecohydrological model (1)
- Ecological guilds (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Ecosystem functioning (1)
- Ecotoxicology (1)
- El Nino Southern Oscillation (1)
- El Niño/Southern Oscillation-Phänomen (1)
- Elapidae (1)
- Electrodes (1)
- Electrokinetics (1)
- Electroosmosis (1)
- Endocoenobium eudorinae (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Endothelial integrity (1)
- Energy transfer (1)
- Environmental risk (1)
- Enzyme (1)
- Erbe (1)
- Eukaryoten (1)
- Eurasian lynx (1)
- European brown hare (1)
- European hare (1)
- European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (1)
- Exotic (1)
- Extreme environment (1)
- Facilitation (1)
- Fagus (1)
- Familiarity (1)
- Farber disease (1)
- Fat Patterning (1)
- Fatty acids (1)
- Feldhase (1)
- Fire (1)
- Fitness landscape and frequency-dependent selection (1)
- Flower (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Food web (1)
- Foraging (1)
- Forest age (1)
- Forest management (1)
- Forest understorey (1)
- Fragmentation (1)
- Fraxinus (1)
- Freshwater microalgae (1)
- Functional diversity (1)
- Functional trait diversity (1)
- Furanocoumarin (1)
- GC gene (1)
- GC-globulin (1)
- GC/MS (1)
- GFLASSO (1)
- GPS tracking (1)
- GWA (1)
- Gene duplication (1)
- Genetic architecture (1)
- Genotypic variation (1)
- Germline knockout (1)
- Glial biology (1)
- Glial development (1)
- Global DNA methylation (1)
- Global environmental change (1)
- Glutathione (1)
- Growth signaling (1)
- GxE interaction (1)
- H3K4 methylation (1)
- HGT (1)
- HPLC (1)
- HSF (1)
- Habitabilität (1)
- Hamiltonella defensa (1)
- Hangman porphyrin (1)
- Harmful algal bloom (1)
- Harmful algal blooms (1)
- Health risk assessment (1)
- Heavy-chain only antibodies (1)
- Hepatitis E virus (1)
- Herb layer (1)
- Heterotrophic activity (1)
- Hill numbers (1)
- Hippocampal neurogenesis (1)
- Historic literature (1)
- Home range (1)
- Home range size (1)
- Homeostasis (1)
- Horizontal gene transfer (1)
- Host adaptation (1)
- Host-plant quality (1)
- Human used-drugs (1)
- Humans (1)
- Hund (1)
- Hybridzerfall (1)
- Hydrogen peroxide (1)
- Hyena (1)
- Hypoxis (1)
- Hyäne (1)
- IC (1)
- Immune evasion cluster (1)
- Immunity (1)
- Indicator species (1)
- Individual-based model (1)
- Individual-based models (1)
- Infanticide risk (1)
- Inner-city area (1)
- Insect herbivore (1)
- Integrated environmental modelling (1)
- Integrative taxonomy (1)
- Interdigitated electrodes (1)
- Interdisciplinary links (1)
- Intervertebral disc (1)
- Ion leakage (1)
- Iron toxicity (1)
- Island colonization (1)
- Isolation (1)
- Japan (1)
- KLF2 (1)
- Kalzium (1)
- Killer whale (1)
- Klotho (1)
- Koexistenz von Arten (1)
- L-systems (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LC/MS (1)
- LED (1)
- Label-free imaging (1)
- Laccase (1)
- Land-use history (1)
- Landscape connectivity (1)
- Landscape of fear (1)
- Larch (1)
- Latitudinal gradient (1)
- Leaf senescence (1)
- Leaf shape (1)
- Leptospira spp (1)
- Lesser antilles (1)
- Life history strategies (1)
- Light pollution (1)
- Limnology (1)
- Littoral (1)
- Lolium perenne (1)
- Lutra lutra (1)
- Lysiphlebus fabarum (1)
- Lythrum salicaria (1)
- MLST (1)
- MOBAK 1 (1)
- Macroclimatic gradient (1)
- Manganese (1)
- Marine mammals (1)
- Maschinelles-Lernen (1)
- Maternal relationships (1)
- Meat storage (1)
- Mechanical stimulation (1)
- Mechanically-induced stress (1)
- Mechanoperception (1)
- Mechanosensing (1)
- Medicinal plants (1)
- Menarche (1)
- Mercury (1)
- Metabolite (1)
- Metabolomik (1)
- Metal Metabolism (1)
- Methanogenic archaea (1)
- Methylation (1)
- Microarrays (1)
- Microbial ecology (1)
- Microbiota (1)
- Microcystins (1)
- Microcystis sp (1)
- Microplastics (MP) (1)
- Microsatellite (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikroorganismen (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Mikroplastikpartikel (1)
- Mitochondrial DNA (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Modelling functional diversity (1)
- Modern pollen-vegetation relationships (1)
- Molecularly imprinted polymer (1)
- Moment closure (1)
- Monogononta (1)
- Moraceae (1)
- Morphogenesis (1)
- Morphological evolution (1)
- Multi-functionality index (1)
- Multi-scale analysis (1)
- Multilocus phylogeny (1)
- Multiple-Sklerose (1)
- Mushrooms (1)
- Mutualism (1)
- NRPS (1)
- Naja guineensis sp nov. (1)
- Naja melanoleuca (1)
- Naja savannula sp nov. (1)
- Namibia (1)
- Nekrose (1)
- Neogen (1)
- Neurotoxicity (1)
- Neurotransmitters (1)
- Next generation sequencing (1)
- Nitrogen (1)
- Nitrogen deposition (1)
- Nitrogen-limitation hypothesis (1)
- Nonindigenous (1)
- Noninvasive sampling (1)
- Nonlinear optical microscopy (1)
- Normal and beta distribution (1)
- North Sea (1)
- Nutrients (1)
- Nyquist-shannon sampling theorem (1)
- ODD (Overview, Design concepts, Details) protocol (1)
- Odour recognition (1)
- Organic matter mineralization (1)
- Ornamental plants (1)
- Oryza sativa ssp japonica cv. taipei 309 (1)
- Ostafrika (1)
- Oxidase Subunit-I (1)
- PATELLIN (1)
- PBDE (1)
- PBPK (1)
- PCB (1)
- PCK (1)
- PCR (1)
- PDE delta (1)
- PI3K (1)
- PKB/Akt (1)
- PKS (1)
- PacBio and Illumina (1)
- Paläontologie (1)
- Paläovegetation (1)
- Parkinson's disease (1)
- Parkinson-Krankheit (1)
- Pattern-oriented modelling (1)
- Peptide mass fingerprinting (1)
- Periphyton (1)
- Persea americana (1)
- Personality (1)
- Pflanzengemeinschaften (1)
- Phenobarbital (1)
- Phenotypic plasticity (1)
- Phosphate limitation (1)
- Phosphoproteomik (1)
- Photoelektrchemischer Sensor (1)
- Photokatalyse (1)
- Photoreceptor (1)
- Phylogeography (1)
- Physiology (1)
- Phytoplankton (1)
- Pilze (1)
- Planetensimulation (1)
- Plant coexistence (1)
- Plant development (1)
- Plant functional type (1)
- Plant growth regulation (1)
- Plant-pollinator interactions (1)
- Plants (1)
- Polyurie/ Polydipsie (1)
- Porphyra (1)
- Post mortem chemistry (1)
- Predator-prey interactions (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Preterminfants (1)
- Professional knowledge (1)
- Protein adsorption (1)
- Protein imprinting (1)
- Proteins (1)
- Prunus avium L. (1)
- Pseudomonas (1)
- QTL (1)
- Quantum Dots (1)
- Quercus (1)
- R programing language (1)
- R software packages (1)
- RAMseq (1)
- RAPD (1)
- RNA (1)
- RNAseq (1)
- ROCK (1)
- RP2 (1)
- RRBS (1)
- Rainfall variability (1)
- Range expansion (1)
- Rearing experiment (1)
- Redox marker (1)
- Refeeding (1)
- Regression (1)
- Reproduction (1)
- Reproductive strategy (1)
- Research needs (1)
- Resource availability (1)
- Resource variability (1)
- Retina disease (1)
- Ribosomal-RNA (1)
- Rickettsia helvetica (1)
- Risk taking (1)
- Rodent (1)
- Rubbing tree (1)
- Rural habitat (1)
- S. cerevisiae (1)
- SLST (1)
- SNARC effect (1)
- SUB1A (1)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1)
- Sarcomere (1)
- Savanna ecology (1)
- Savanna-grassland bistability (1)
- Schimmelpilzinfektion (1)
- Scirpus maritimus (1)
- Season (1)
- Secondary antibodies (1)
- Seepage (1)
- Selection vs. age-class forests (1)
- Seleniferous area (1)
- Selenium (1)
- Senescence-associated genes (SAGs) (1)
- Sequenzierung (1)
- Sequenzierung der nächsten Generation (1)
- Sexual conflict (1)
- Shinorine (1)
- Shrub encroachment (1)
- Siberian larch (1)
- Simulated microgravity (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Skewed and peaked trait distributions (1)
- Social environment (1)
- Soil texture (1)
- Solidago gigantea (1)
- Source population (1)
- Spatiotemporal resurvey data (1)
- Species age (1)
- Species turnover (1)
- Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- Stochastic differential equations (1)
- Strategic growth adjustment (1)
- Stretching (1)
- Structural determination (1)
- Stunting (1)
- Submergence tolerance (1)
- Subsoil (1)
- Sulfate (1)
- Sundaland (1)
- Sunscreen (1)
- Supplements (1)
- Survival success (1)
- Systembiologie (1)
- Säugetiere (1)
- TMAO reductase (1)
- TRP channels (1)
- Target of Rapamycin kinase (1)
- Telemetrie (1)
- Telemetry (1)
- Temperate forest (1)
- Temperate forests (1)
- Thai population (1)
- Total P (1)
- Total biomass (1)
- Trabeculation (1)
- Trade chain (1)
- Traditional medicine (1)
- Trait (1)
- Trait diversity (1)
- Trait interaction (1)
- Traits (1)
- Transcription factors (1)
- Transferrin (1)
- Transporters (1)
- Tree defence (1)
- Tree regeneration (1)
- Trophic transfer efficiency (1)
- Tropical reservoir (1)
- Tundra-taiga transition (1)
- Turkey (1)
- Tylomelania sarasinorum (1)
- Tyrrhenian Sea (1)
- UNC119 (1)
- UV irradiation (1)
- UV response (1)
- Undernutrition (1)
- Unmanaged vs. managed forests (1)
- Ursus arctos (1)
- Vaccination (1)
- Variation (1)
- Vegetable (1)
- Vegetationsmodellierung (1)
- Ventilator-induced lung injury (1)
- Verteidigung (1)
- Visible yellowing (1)
- Wachstumssignale (1)
- Water resources (1)
- Wild mice (1)
- Woodland indicator species (1)
- Zea mays (1)
- Zoonosis (1)
- acid ceramidase (1)
- activation (1)
- activation of oxygen species (1)
- active sites (1)
- acute lung injury (1)
- admixture (1)
- adolescence (1)
- agent-based model (1)
- agricultural landscapes (1)
- alignment sensitivity/specificity (1)
- alpha diversity (1)
- altered shoot branching (1)
- amino acid (1)
- ancestral area reconstruction (1)
- ancestral biogeographic region reconstruction (1)
- angiopoitin-like 4 (1)
- anhydrase CAH3 (1)
- animal movement (1)
- animal personality (1)
- antagonism (1)
- aphids (1)
- apical-basal axis (1)
- apoptosis (1)
- apple (1)
- aquatic ecosystem (1)
- aquatische Ökosysteme (1)
- arabidopsis (1)
- arabidopsis-thaliana (1)
- artificial transcription factor (1)
- artifizielle Transkriptionsfaktoren (1)
- asellota crustacea (1)
- assessment (1)
- association (1)
- associative learning (1)
- astrobiology (1)
- astrocytes (1)
- basal area increment (1)
- batch effect (1)
- behavior (1)
- behavioural syndrome (1)
- benzimidazoles (1)
- bias (1)
- bio-optical modeling (1)
- biocatalysis (1)
- biocompatibility (1)
- biodiversity change (1)
- biofilm (1)
- biological control (1)
- biological engineering (1)
- biomaterial characterization (1)
- biosensor (1)
- biosignatures (1)
- biotelemetry (1)
- biotic resistance (1)
- blood-brain-barrier (1)
- bone mimic (1)
- botanical gardens (1)
- brassinosteroid signaling (1)
- calcium phosphate (1)
- canalization (1)
- carbocatalysis (1)
- carbon allocation (1)
- carbon concentrating mechanism (1)
- carbon electrical collective properties (1)
- carbon labeling (1)
- carbonated apatite (1)
- cardiovascular biology (1)
- cardiovascular-disease (1)
- cells (1)
- ceramide (1)
- cerebral-cortex (1)
- cetaceans (1)
- chemotaxonomy (1)
- childhood (1)
- chimeric enzyme (1)
- chitin synthase (1)
- click chemistry (1)
- cloud (1)
- co2 concentrating mechanism (1)
- co2 concentration (1)
- coevolution (1)
- cold (1)
- combinatorial optimization (1)
- community (1)
- community assembly (1)
- community effect (1)
- computer tomography (1)
- conservation evaluation (1)
- conservation genetics (1)
- control region (1)
- corrinoid-containing enzymes (1)
- critical thermal maximum (1)
- cryptic species (1)
- crystal structure (1)
- cyanobacteria (1)
- cytokine release (1)
- data reduction (1)
- de novo hybrid assembly (1)
- deep-sea (1)
- defense (1)
- defensive symbiosis (1)
- demography (1)
- density-driven suppression (1)
- developmental plasticity (1)
- diallel (1)
- dielectric (1)
- disease (1)
- dissimilarities of plants (1)
- disturbance (1)
- disturbance regime (1)
- disturbed areas (1)
- diversity (1)
- dog (1)
- dominance (1)
- dwarf males (1)
- eco-evolutionary experience (1)
- eco-physiology (1)
- ecoevolutionary dynamics (1)
- ecological genetics (1)
- ecological modelling (1)
- ecological speciation (1)
- ecosystems (1)
- efflux (1)
- electro-polymerization (1)
- electrochemical biosensor (1)
- elephantid evolution (1)
- embodied cognition (1)
- endangered species (1)
- endemic lizard (1)
- endoparasites (1)
- energetic equivalence rule (1)
- energy-metabolism (1)
- environment (1)
- environmental DNA (1)
- environmental genomics (1)
- enzyme activities (1)
- enzymes (1)
- eukaryotes (1)
- evolutionary history (1)
- evolutionary rescue (1)
- exploitative competition (1)
- facilitation (1)
- fast and slow learner (1)
- fatty acid (1)
- fish (1)
- flux modeling (1)
- formaldehyde assimilation (1)
- freshwater (1)
- functional ecology (1)
- functional-structural plant model (1)
- fungal parasites (1)
- fungi (1)
- funktionelle Ökologie (1)
- gammarus crustacea (1)
- gastropoda (1)
- gene (1)
- gene flow (1)
- gene regulatory networks (1)
- gene responsiveness (1)
- gene-expression (1)
- genetic adaptation (1)
- genetic circuit (1)
- genetic diversity (1)
- genetic monitoring (1)
- genomics (1)
- genomics/proteomics (1)
- genotype data (1)
- geological evolution (1)
- glacial refuges (1)
- global and regional change (1)
- glucan (1)
- glycoprotein GP2 (1)
- green algae (1)
- growth of migrants (1)
- growth selection (1)
- habitability (1)
- habitat (1)
- haplotype reconstruction (1)
- heart-disease (1)
- heat (1)
- heat stress (1)
- heat tolerance (1)
- height of Turkish migrants (1)
- heparan sulfate (1)
- herbaceous layer (1)
- herpes simplex virus (1)
- heterogeneous catalysis (1)
- heterosis (1)
- hexamer (1)
- hidden markov model (1)
- high-throughput sequencing (1)
- historical ecology (1)
- home range selection (1)
- home-away effect (1)
- horizontal gene transfer (1)
- horizontaler Gentransfer (1)
- horticulture (1)
- hub genes (1)
- human introduction (1)
- hybrid breakdown (1)
- hybrid incompatibility (1)
- hybrid model (1)
- hybride Inkompatibilität (1)
- hybridization (1)
- hybridization capture (1)
- hydroxyapatite (1)
- hyena (1)
- hyperspectral measurements (1)
- illuminance (1)
- immobilization (1)
- impacts (1)
- in-situ (1)
- inbreeding depression (1)
- indirubin-3-monoxime (1)
- individual differences (1)
- inducible defense (1)
- initiation (1)
- inland water (1)
- instrument (1)
- integrated assessments (1)
- inter- and intra-species interactions (1)
- interactions (1)
- interference competition (1)
- intransitivity (1)
- intraspecific diversity (1)
- intraspecific trait variation (1)
- introgression (1)
- invasion (1)
- inversion (1)
- inversions (1)
- invertebrates (1)
- kernel density estimation (1)
- killer whale (1)
- kinase pathway (1)
- kombinatorische Optimierung (1)
- laboratory practice (1)
- lake community (1)
- lake monitoring (1)
- langmuir monolayers (1)
- larch species (1)
- larval locomotion (1)
- last glacial maxima (1)
- leaf morphology (1)
- leptospirosis (1)
- life history (1)
- ligation cloning extract (1)
- light spectrum (1)
- lipid metabolism (1)
- lipoprotein-lipase (1)
- local adaptation (1)
- local convex hull (1)
- lumpy coexistence (1)
- lysosomal storage disorders (1)
- machine-learning (1)
- machinelearning (1)
- macrophytes (1)
- mammoth (1)
- management intensity (1)
- management zone (1)
- mecC (1)
- melanoma (1)
- memory (1)
- menopause (1)
- mental arithmetic (1)
- mental number line (1)
- metaanalysis (1)
- metabarcoding (1)
- metabolic engineering (1)
- metabolic syndrome (1)
- metabolic theory of ecology (1)
- metabolites (1)
- metagenomics (1)
- metagenomics 2.0 (1)
- metal-free (1)
- methylotrophy (1)
- microbial carbon turnover (1)
- microbial communities (1)
- microbial interactions (1)
- microorganisms (1)
- migration (1)
- mikrobielle Interaktionen (1)
- mikrobieller Kohlenstoffkreislauf (1)
- minimum convex polygon (1)
- mitochondrial dna sequences (1)
- mitochondrial genome (1)
- mitochondrial haplotypes (1)
- mitochondrial remodelling (1)
- mitosis (1)
- mixed cultures (1)
- model analysis (1)
- model coupling (1)
- model validation (1)
- model verification (1)
- modelling (1)
- molecular diversity (1)
- molecular evolution (1)
- molybdenum cofactor deficiency (1)
- molybdoenzyme (1)
- monoclonal antibodies (1)
- monoklonale Antikörper (1)
- morphogenesis (1)
- morphological similarities (1)
- motor competence (1)
- mould fungus (1)
- movemen ecology (1)
- mtDNA (1)
- multi-lake snapshot surveys (1)
- multi-trophic communities (1)
- multiple genes (1)
- multiple sclerosis (1)
- multiple sequence alignment (1)
- multivalent (1)
- nanocarbon materials (1)
- nanoparticles (1)
- naturalised plants (1)
- necrosis (1)
- neighbor correlation (1)
- nematodes (1)
- neogene (1)
- neuroinflammation (1)
- neutrality (1)
- nicht additiv (1)
- nocturnal epigeal insect (1)
- nonadditive (1)
- noncoding RNA (1)
- nondemonic intrusions (1)
- nonmodel species (1)
- normalized biomass size spectra (1)
- novelty (1)
- nucleosome remodelling (1)
- numerical cognition (1)
- nutrient stoichiometry (1)
- nutrition (1)
- of-function mutations (1)
- omics (1)
- organic matter (1)
- organisches Material (1)
- ornamental plants (1)
- outbreeding depression (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- palaeoecology (1)
- paleogenetics (1)
- paleontology (1)
- paleovegetation (1)
- parasitoid (1)
- partial correlation (1)
- participatory research (1)
- particle-associated bacteria (1)
- pathway engineering (1)
- pathways (1)
- pelagic and benthic lake habitats (1)
- permittivity (1)
- perylene quinone derivatives (1)
- petrous bone (1)
- phage (1)
- phenotypic plasticity (1)
- phosphate (1)
- phosphoglucan (1)
- phosphoproteomics (1)
- phosphorylation (1)
- photocatalysis (1)
- photoelectrochemical sensor (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- physical and physiological dormancy (1)
- physical education (1)
- phytoplankton (1)
- phytoplankton ecology (1)
- planar polarity (1)
- planetary simulation (1)
- plant adaptation (1)
- plant architecture (1)
- plant community (1)
- plant ecology (1)
- plant functional traits (1)
- plant invasions (1)
- plant nurseries (1)
- plant-soil (belowground) interactions (1)
- plasma (1)
- plasmid (1)
- pneumococcal pneumonia (1)
- polycomb (1)
- polyglycerol (1)
- polymer brushes (1)
- polymer degradation (1)
- polymer-based biomaterials (1)
- polymorphism (1)
- polyuria/polydipsia (1)
- population (1)
- population dynamics (1)
- population genomics (1)
- population structure (1)
- positive selection (1)
- post-glacial recolonization (1)
- preadaptation (1)
- precision agriculture (1)
- predictive characterization tools (1)
- primary metabolism (1)
- principal component analysis (1)
- prokaryotes (1)
- promiscuous (1)
- protein and amino acid degradation (1)
- protein-protein interactions (1)
- proteins (1)
- quantum dots (1)
- radula (1)
- range distribution (1)
- range shifts (1)
- recognition (1)
- recombination (1)
- redox (1)
- reductive dehalogenase (1)
- regulation (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- resistance (1)
- resource selection (1)
- respiration (1)
- restoration (1)
- ribulose monophosphate cycle (1)
- risk (1)
- root gravitropism (1)
- rotifers (1)
- salinity (1)
- salmonella typhimurium (1)
- secondary metabolite profiling (1)
- secular trend (1)
- sediment (1)
- seed mixtures (1)
- seed provisioning (1)
- seed quality (1)
- selection system (1)
- sensory system (1)
- sequencing (1)
- sexual reproduction (1)
- shell (1)
- shrew (1)
- single nucleotide polymorphism (1)
- sister species (1)
- size of organisms (1)
- skeletal breadth measurement (1)
- small-spored Alternaria fungi (1)
- social dominance (1)
- social growth adjustment (1)
- social identification (1)
- solar powered light-emitting diode (1)
- space use (1)
- space-for-time substitution (1)
- species divergence (1)
- species supersaturated assemblages (1)
- spectral irradiance (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- speed-accuracy trade-off (1)
- sphingosine kinase 1 (1)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (1)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (1)
- stabile Isotope Tracer (1)
- stable isotope tracer (1)
- starch granule surface (1)
- starch phosphorylation (1)
- stat 3 (1)
- stature (1)
- stunting (1)
- surface reflection (1)
- sustainability science (1)
- swimming modes (1)
- synchronization (1)
- synthetische Biologie (1)
- systematics (1)
- systems biology (1)
- taxonomic levels (1)
- temperament (1)
- the Consensus Model (1)
- time lag (1)
- tip growth (1)
- tonoplast (1)
- top-down control (1)
- tracking data (1)
- trade (1)
- trait adaptation (1)
- trait measurements (1)
- transcriptional memory (1)
- transcriptome (1)
- transcripts (1)
- transient dynamics (1)
- transmission (1)
- transport (1)
- tree-ring analysis (1)
- treeline (1)
- trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) (1)
- trithorax (1)
- twin-arginine translocation (1)
- undernutrition (1)
- untargeted metabolomics (1)
- vacuole integrity (1)
- variance (1)
- variant detection (1)
- variation (1)
- vector system (1)
- vegetation (1)
- vegetation modeling (1)
- vegetation resurvey (1)
- vegetation-climate feedbacks (1)
- vertical transmission (1)
- veränderte Triebverzweigung (1)
- vitamin B-12 (1)
- vitamin D-binding protein (1)
- water dikinase (1)
- weeds (1)
- wheat (1)
- white light (1)
- wood anemone (1)
- x-ray crystallography (1)
- zinc fingers (1)
- Ökophysiologie (1)
Institute
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (315) (remove)
Chromatographic separation of the extract of the roots of Dorstenia kameruniana (family Moraceae) led to the isolation of three new benzylbenzofuran derivatives, 2-(p-hydroxybenzyl)benzofuran-6-ol (1), 2-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-7-methoxybenzofuran-6-ol (2) and 2-(p-hydroxy)-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzyl)benzofuran-6-ol (3) (named dorsmerunin A, B and C, respectively), along with the known furanocoumarin, bergapten (4). The twigs of Dorstenia kameruniana also produced compounds 1-4 as well as the known chalcone licoagrochalcone A (5). The structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds displayed cytotoxicity against the sensitive CCRF-CEM and multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells, where compounds 4 and 5 had the highest activities (IC50 values of 7.17 mu M and 5.16 mu M, respectively) against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. Compound 5 also showed cytotoxicity against 7 sensitive or drug-resistant solid tumor cell lines (breast carcinoma, colon carcinoma, glioblastoma), with IC50 below 50 mu M, whilst 4 showed selective activity.
The plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is a gram-negative bacterium which infects a wide range of plant species including important crops plants. To suppress plant immunity and cause disease P.syringae injects type-III effector proteins (T3Es) into the plant cell cytosol. In this study, we identified a novel target of the well characterized bacterial T3E HopZ1a. HopZ1a is an acetyltransferase that was shown to disrupt vesicle transport during innate immunity by acetylating tubulin. Using a yeast-two-hybrid screen approach, we identified a REMORIN (REM) protein from tobacco as a novel HopZ1a target. HopZ1a interacts with REM at the plasma membrane (PM) as shown by split-YFP experiments. Interestingly, we found that PBS1, a well-known kinase involved in plant immunity also interacts with REM in pull-down assays, and at the PM as shown by BiFC. Furthermore, we confirmed that REM is phosphorylated by PBS1 in vitro. Overexpression of REM provokes the upregulation of defense genes and leads to disease-like phenotypes pointing to a role of REM in plant immune signaling. Further protein-protein interaction studies reveal novel REM binding partners with a possible role in plant immune signaling. Thus, REM might act as an assembly hub for an immune signaling complex targeted by HopZ1a. Taken together, this is the first report describing that a REM protein is targeted by a bacterial effector. How HopZ1a might mechanistically manipulate the plant immune system through interfering with REM function will be discussed.
The prevalence of contaminant microbial DNA in ancient bone samples represents the principal limiting factor for palaeogenomic studies, as it may comprise more than 99% of DNA molecules obtained. Efforts to exclude or reduce this contaminant fraction have been numerous but also variable in their success. Here, we present a simple but highly effective method to increase the relative proportion of endogenous molecules obtained from ancient bones. Using computed tomography (CT) scanning, we identify the densest region of a bone as optimal for sampling. This approach accurately identifies the densest internal regions of petrous bones, which are known to be a source of high-purity ancient DNA. For ancient long bones, CT scans reveal a high-density outermost layer, which has been routinely removed and discarded prior to DNA extraction. For almost all long bones investigated, we find that targeted sampling of this outermost layer provides an increase in endogenous DNA content over that obtained from softer, trabecular bone. This targeted sampling can produce as much as 50-fold increase in the proportion of endogenous DNA, providing a directly proportional reduction in sequencing costs for shotgun sequencing experiments. The observed increases in endogenous DNA proportion are not associated with any reduction in absolute endogenous molecule recovery. Although sampling the outermost layer can result in higher levels of human contamination, some bones were found to have more contamination associated with the internal bone structures. Our method is highly consistent, reproducible and applicable across a wide range of bone types, ages and species. We predict that this discovery will greatly extend the potential to study ancient populations and species in the genomics era.
Characterization of altered inflorescence architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana BG-5 x Kro-0 hybrid
(2018)
A reciprocal cross between two A. thaliana accessions, Kro-0 (Krotzenburg, Germany) and BG-5 (Seattle, USA), displays purple rosette leaves and dwarf bushy phenotype in F1 hybrids when grown at 17 °C and a parental-like phenotype when grown at 21 °C. This F1 temperature-dependent-dwarf-bushy phenotype is characterized by reduced growth of the primary stem together with an increased number of branches. The reduced stem growth was the strongest at the first internode. In addition, we found that a temperature switch from 21 °C to 17 °C induced the phenotype only before the formation of the first internode of the stem. Similarly, the F1 dwarf-bushy phenotype could not be reversed when plants were shifted from 17 °C to 21 °C after the first internode was formed. Metabolic analysis showed that the F1 phenotype was associated with a significant upregulation of anthocyanin(s), kaempferol(s), salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid. As it has been previously shown that the dwarf-bushy phenotype is linked to two loci, one on chromosome 2 from Kro-0 and one on chromosome 3 from BG-5, an artificial micro-RNA approach was used to investigate the necessary genes on these intervals. From the results obtained, it was found that two genes, AT2G14120 that encodes for a DYNAMIN RELATED PROTEIN3B and AT2G14100 that encodes a member of the Cytochrome P450 family protein CYP705A13, were necessary for the appearance of the F1 phenotype on chromosome 2. It was also discovered that AT3G61035 that encodes for another cytochrome P450 family protein CYP705A13 and AT3G60840 that encodes for a MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN65-4 on chromosome 3 were both necessary for the induction of the F1 phenotype. To prove the causality of these genes, genomic constructs of the Kro-0 candidate genes on chromosome 2 were transferred to BG-5 and genomic constructs of the chromosome 3 candidate genes from BG-5 were transferred to Kro-0. The T1 lines showed that these genes are not sufficient alone to induce the phenotype. In addition to the F1 phenotype, more severe phenotypes were observed in the F2 generations that were grouped into five different phenotypic classes. Whilst seed yield was comparable between F1 hybrids and parental lines, three phenotypic classes in the F2 generation exhibited hybrid breakdown in the form of reproductive failure. This F2 hybrid breakdown was less sensitive to temperature and showed a dose-dependent effect of the loci involved in F1 phenotype. The severest class of hybrid breakdown phenotypes was observed only in the population of backcross with the parent Kro-0, which indicates a stronger contribution of the BG-5 allele when compared to the Kro-0 allele on the hybrid breakdown phenotypes. Overall, the findings of my thesis provide a further understanding of the genetic and metabolic factors underlying altered shoot architecture in hybrid dysfunction.
Genetic studies of the Eurasian brown bear (Ursus arctos) have so far focused on populations from Europe and North America, although the largest distribution area of brown bears is in Asia. In this study, we reveal population genetic parameters for the brown bear population inhabiting the Grand Kackar Mountains (GKM) in the north east of Turkey, western Lesser Caucasus. Using both hair (N = 147) and tissue samples (N = 7) collected between 2008 and 2014, we found substantial levels of genetic variation (10 microsatellite loci). Bear samples (hair) taken from rubbing trees worked better for genotyping than those from power poles, regardless of the year collected. Genotyping also revealed that bears moved between habitat patches, despite ongoing massive habitat alterations and the creation of large water reservoirs. This population has the potential to serve as a genetic reserve for future reintroduction in the Middle East. Due to the importance of the GKM population for on-going and future conservation actions, the impacts of habitat alterations in the region ought to be minimized; e.g., by establishing green bridges or corridors over reservoirs and major roads to maintain habitat connectivity and gene flow among populations in the Lesser Caucasus.
Carbon nanomaterials doped with some other lightweight elements were recently described as powerful, heterogeneous, metal-free organocatalysts, adding to their high performance in electrocatalysis. Here, recent observations in traditional catalysis are reviewed, and the underlying reaction mechanisms of the catalyzed organic transformations are explored. In some cases, these are due to specific active functional sites, but more generally the catalytic activity relates to collective properties of the conjugated nanocarbon frameworks and the electron transfer from and to the catalytic centers and substrates. It is shown that the !earnings are tightly related to those of electrocatalysis; i.e., the search for better electrocatalysts also improves chemocatalysis, and vice versa. Carbon-carbon heterojunction effects and some perspectives on future possibilities are discussed at the end.
Plastic pollution is ubiquitous on the planet since several millions of tons of plastic waste enter aquatic ecosystems each year. Furthermore, the amount of plastic produced is expected to increase exponentially shortly. The heterogeneity of materials, additives and physical characteristics of plastics are typical of these emerging contaminants and affect their environmental fate in marine and freshwaters. Consequently, plastics can be found in the water column, sediments or littoral habitats of all aquatic ecosystems. Most of this plastic debris will fragment as a product of physical, chemical and biological forces, producing particles of small size. These particles (< 5mm) are known as “microplastics” (MP). Given their high surface-to-volume ratio, MP stimulate biofouling and the formation of biofilms in aquatic systems.
As a result of their unique structure and composition, the microbial communities in MP biofilms are referred to as the “Plastisphere.” While there is increasing data regarding the distinctive composition and structure of the microbial communities that form part of the plastisphere, scarce information exists regarding the activity of microorganisms in MP biofilms. This surface-attached lifestyle is often associated with the increase in horizontal gene transfer (HGT) among bacteria. Therefore, this type of microbial activity represents a relevant function worth to be analyzed in MP biofilms. The horizontal exchange of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) is an essential feature of bacteria. It accounts for the rapid evolution of these prokaryotes and their adaptation to a wide variety of environments. The process of HGT is also crucial for spreading antibiotic resistance and for the evolution of pathogens, as many MGEs are known to contain antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and genetic determinants of pathogenicity.
In general, the research presented in this Ph.D. thesis focuses on the analysis of HGT and heterotrophic activity in MP biofilms in aquatic ecosystems. The primary objective was to analyze the potential of gene exchange between MP bacterial communities vs. that of the surrounding water, including bacteria from natural aggregates. Moreover, the thesis addressed the potential of MP biofilms for the proliferation of biohazardous bacteria and MGEs from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and associated with antibiotic resistance. Finally, it seeks to prove if the physiological profile of MP biofilms under different limnological conditions is divergent from that of the water communities. Accordingly, the thesis is composed of three independent studies published in peer-reviewed journals. The two laboratory studies were performed using both model and environmental microbial communities. In the field experiment, natural communities from freshwater ecosystems were examined.
In Chapter I, the inflow of treated wastewater into a temperate lake was simulated with a concentration gradient of MP particles. The effects of MP on the microbial community structure and the occurrence of integrase 1 (int 1) were followed. The int 1 is a marker associated with mobile genetic elements and known as a proxy for anthropogenic effects on the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes. During the experiment, the abundance of int1 increased in the plastisphere with increasing MP particle concentration, but not in the surrounding water. In addition, the microbial community on MP was more similar to the original wastewater community with increasing microplastic concentrations. Our results show that microplastic particles indeed promote persistence of standard indicators of microbial anthropogenic pollution in natural waters.
In Chapter II, the experiments aimed to compare the permissiveness of aquatic bacteria towards model antibiotic resistance plasmid pKJK5, between communities that form biofilms on MP vs. those that are free-living. The frequency of plasmid transfer in bacteria associated with MP was higher when compared to bacteria that are free-living or in natural aggregates. Moreover, comparison increased gene exchange occurred in a broad range of phylogenetically-diverse bacteria. The results indicate a different activity of HGT in MP biofilms, which could affect the ecology of aquatic microbial communities on a global scale and the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Finally, in Chapter III, physiological measurements were performed to assess whether microorganisms on MP had a different functional diversity from those in water. General heterotrophic activity such as oxygen consumption was compared in microcosm assays with and without MP, while diversity and richness of heterotrophic activities were calculated by using Biolog® EcoPlates. Three lakes with different nutrient statuses presented differences in MP-associated biomass build up. Functional diversity profiles of MP biofilms in all lakes differed from those of the communities in the surrounding water, but only in the oligo-mesotrophic lake MP biofilms had a higher functional richness compared to the ambient water. The results support that MP surfaces act as new niches for aquatic microorganisms and can affect global carbon dynamics of pelagic environments.
Overall, the experimental works presented in Chapters I and II support a scenario where MP pollution affects HGT dynamics among aquatic bacteria. Among the consequences of this alteration is an increase in the mobilization and transfer efficiency of ARGs. Moreover, it supposes that changes in HGT can affect the evolution of bacteria and the processing of organic matter, leading to different catabolic profiles such as demonstrated in Chapter III. The results are discussed in the context of the fate and magnitude of plastic pollution and the importance of HGT for bacterial evolution and the microbial loop, i.e., at the base of aquatic food webs. The thesis supports a relevant role of MP biofilm communities for the changes observed in the aquatic microbiome as a product of intense human intervention.
Heterotrophic microbes with the capability to process considerable amounts of organic matter can colonize microplastic particles (MP) in aquatic ecosystems. Weather colonization of microorganisms on MP will alter ecological niche and functioning of microbial communities remains still unanswered. Therefore, we compared the functional diversity of biofilms on microplastics when incubated in three lakes in northeastern Germany differing in trophy and limnological features. For all lakes, we compared heterotrophic activities of MP biofilms with those of microorganisms in the surrounding water by using Biolog (R) EcoPlates and assessed their oxygen consumption in microcosm assays with and without MP. The present study found that the total biofilm biomass was higher in the oligo-mesotrophic and dystrophic lakes than in the eutrophic lake. In all lakes, functional diversity profiles of MP biofilms consistently differed from those in the surrounding water. However, solely in the oligo-mesotrophic lake MP biofilms had a higher functional richness compared to the ambient water. These results demonstrate that the functionality and hence the ecological role of MP-associated microbial communities are context-dependent, i.e. different environments lead to substantial changes in biomass build up and heterotrophic activities of MP biofilms. We propose that MP surfaces act as new niches for aquatic microorganisms and that the constantly increasing MP pollution has the potential to globally impact carbon dynamics of pelagic environments by altering heterotrophic activities. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Pollution by microplastics in aquatic ecosystems is accumulating at an unprecedented scale, emerging as a new surface for biofilm formation and gene exchange. In this study, we determined the permissiveness of aquatic bacteria towards a model antibiotic resistance plasmid, comparing communities that form biofilms on microplastics vs. those that are free-living. We used an exogenous and red-fluorescent E. coli donor strain to introduce the green-fluorescent broad-host-range plasmid pKJKS which encodes for trimethoprim resistance. We demonstrate an increased frequency of plasmid transfer in bacteria associated with microplastics compared to bacteria that are free-living or in natural aggregates. Moreover, comparison of communities grown on polycarbonate filters showed that increased gene exchange occurs in a broad range of phylogenetically-diverse bacteria. Our results indicate horizontal gene transfer in this habitat could distinctly affect the ecology of aquatic microbial communities on a global scale. The spread of antibiotic resistance through microplastics could also have profound consequences for the evolution of aquatic bacteria and poses a neglected hazard for human health.
Microplastics (MP) provide a unique and extensive surface for microbial colonization in aquatic ecosystems. The formation of microorganism-microplastic complexes, such as biofilms, maximizes the degradation of organic matter and horizontal gene transfer. In this context, MP affect the structure and function of microbial communities, which in turn render the physical and chemical fate of MP. This new paradigm generates challenges for microbiology, ecology, and ecotoxicology. Dispersal of MP is concomitant with that of their associated microorganisms and their mobile genetic elements, including antibiotic resistance genes, islands of pathogenicity, and diverse metabolic pathways. Functional changes in aquatic microbiomes can alter carbon metabolism and food webs, with unknown consequences on higher organisms or human microbiomes and hence health. Here, we examine a variety of effects of MP pollution from the microbial ecology perspective, whose repercussions on aquatic ecosystems begin to be unraveled. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The globally distributed sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) has a partly matrilineal social structure with predominant male dispersal. At the beginning of 2016, a total of 30 male sperm whales stranded in five different countries bordering the southern North Sea. It has been postulated that these individuals were on a migration route from the north to warmer temperate and tropical waters where females live in social groups. By including samples from four countries (n = 27), this event provided a unique chance to genetically investigate the maternal relatedness and the putative origin of these temporally and spatially co-occuring male sperm whales. To utilize existing genetic resources, we sequenced 422 bp of the mitochondrial control region, a molecular marker for which sperm whale data are readily available from the entire distribution range. Based on four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the mitochondrial control region, five matrilines could be distinguished within the stranded specimens, four of which matched published haplotypes previously described in the Atlantic. Among these male sperm whales, multiple matrilineal lineages co-occur. We analyzed the population differentiation and could show that the genetic diversity of these male sperm whales is comparable to the genetic diversity in sperm whales from the entire Atlantic Ocean. We confirm that within this stranding event, males do not comprise maternally related individuals and apparently include assemblages of individuals from different geographic regions. (c) 2017 Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Saugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
The harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is a highly mobile cetacean found across the Northern hemisphere. It occurs in coastal waters and inhabits basins that vary broadly in salinity, temperature and food availability. These diverse habitats could drive subtle differentiation among populations, but examination of this would be best conducted with a robust reference genome. Here, we report the first harbour porpoise genome, assembled de novo from an individual originating in the Kattegat Sea (Sweden). The genome is one of the most complete cetacean genomes currently available, with a total size of 2.39 Gb and 50% of the total length found in just 34 scaffolds. Using 122 of the longest scaffolds, we were able to show high levels of synteny with the genome of the domestic cattle (Bos taurus). Our draft annotation comprises 22,154 predicted genes, which we further annotated through matches to the NCBI nucleotide database, GO categorization and motif prediction. Within the predicted genes, we have confirmed the presence of >20 genes or gene families that have been associated with adaptive evolution in other cetaceans. Overall, this genome assembly and draft annotation represent a crucial addition to the genomic resources currently available for the study of porpoises and Phocoenidae evolution, phylogeny and conservation.
Terrestrial environmental systems are characterised by numerous feedback links between their different compartments. However, scientific research is organized into disciplines that focus on processes within the respective compartments rather than on interdisciplinary links. Major feedback mechanisms between compartments might therefore have been systematically overlooked so far. Without identifying these gaps, initiatives on future comprehensive environmental monitoring schemes and experimental platforms might fail. We performed a comprehensive overview of feedbacks between compartments currently represented in environmental sciences and explores to what degree missing links have already been acknowledged in the literature. We focused on process models as they can be regarded as repositories of scientific knowledge that compile findings of numerous single studies. In total, 118 simulation models from 23 model types were analysed. Missing processes linking different environmental compartments were identified based on a meta-review of 346 published reviews, model inter-comparison studies, and model descriptions. Eight disciplines of environmental sciences were considered and 396 linking processes were identified and ascribed to the physical, chemical or biological domain. There were significant differences between model types and scientific disciplines regarding implemented interdisciplinary links. The most wide-spread interdisciplinary links were between physical processes in meteorology, hydrology and soil science that drive or set the boundary conditions for other processes (e.g., ecological processes). In contrast, most chemical and biological processes were restricted to links within the same compartment. Integration of multiple environmental compartments and interdisciplinary knowledge was scarce in most model types. There was a strong bias of suggested future research foci and model extensions towards reinforcing existing interdisciplinary knowledge rather than to open up new interdisciplinary pathways. No clear pattern across disciplines exists with respect to suggested future research efforts. There is no evidence that environmental research would clearly converge towards more integrated approaches or towards an overarching environmental systems theory. (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Saharan dust input and seasonal upwelling along North-West Africa provide a model system for studying microbial processes related to the export and recycling of nutrients. This study offers the first molecular characterization of prokaryotic particle-attached (PA; > 3.0 mu m) and free-living (FL; 0.2-3.0 mu m) players in this important ecosystem during August 2016. Environmental drivers for alpha-diversity, bacterial community composition, and differences between FL and PA fractions were identified. The ultra-oligotrophic waters off Senegal were dominated by Cyanobacteria while higher relative abundances of Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes (known particle-degraders) occurred in the upwelling area. Temperature, proxy for different water masses, was the best predictor for changes in FL communities. PA community variation was best explained by temperature and ammonium. Bray Curtis dissimilarities between FL and PA were generally very high and correlated with temperature and salinity in surface waters. Greatest similarities between FL and PA occurred at the deep chlorophyll maximum, where bacterial substrate availability was likely highest. This indicates that environmental drivers do not only influence changes among FL and PA communities but also differences between them. This could provide an explanation for contradicting results obtained by different studies regarding the dissimilarity/similarity between FL and PA communities and their biogeochemical functions.
A balance to death
(2018)
Leaf senescence plays a crucial role in nutrient recovery in late-stage plant development and requires vast transcriptional reprogramming by transcription factors such as ORESARA1 (ORE1). A proteolytic mechanism is now found to control ORE1 degradation, and thus senescence, during nitrogen starvation.
Properly designed (randomized and/or balanced) experiments are standard in ecological research. Molecular methods are increasingly used in ecology, but studies generally do not report the detailed design of sample processing in the laboratory. This may strongly influence the interpretability of results if the laboratory procedures do not account for the confounding effects of unexpected laboratory events. We demonstrate this with a simple experiment where unexpected differences in laboratory processing of samples would have biased results if randomization in DNA extraction and PCR steps do not provide safeguards. We emphasize the need for proper experimental design and reporting of the laboratory phase of molecular ecology research to ensure the reliability and interpretability of results.
Although many large mammal species went extinct at the end of the Pleistocene epoch, their DNA may persist due to past episodes of interspecies admixture. However, direct empirical evidence of the persistence of ancient alleles remains scarce. Here, we present multifold coverage genomic data from four Late Pleistocene cave bears (Ursus spelaeus complex) and show that cave bears hybridized with brown bears (Ursus arctos) during the Pleistocene. We develop an approach to assess both the directionality and relative timing of gene flow. We find that segments of cave bear DNA still persist in the genomes of living brown bears, with cave bears contributing 0.9 to 2.4% of the genomes of all brown bears investigated. Our results show that even though extinction is typically considered as absolute, following admixture, fragments of the gene pool of extinct species can survive for tens of thousands of years in the genomes of extant recipient species.