Inhalt: - I. Die N-Entwicklungszusammenarbeit war zu starr und ineffizient – umfassende Reformen wurden Ende der 90er Jahre durchgeführt. - II. UN-Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ist politischer geworden – mehr Politikkohärenz, neue Partnerschaften und demokratischere Regierungsführung werden gefordert - 1. Mehr Politikkohärenz - 2. Neue Partnerschaften - 3. Demokratische Regierungsführung - II. UN-Entwicklungszusammenarbeit wird strategischer umgesetzt – Ausrichtung an Millenniumszielen, harmonisierte Programmhilfe, und ergebnisorientiertes Management werden erwartet - 1. Ausrichtung an den Millenniumszielen der UN - 2. Harmonisierte Programmhilfe - 3. Ergebnisorientiertes Management - III. Schlußfolgerungen - Literatur
From CDM to REDD+ - what do we know for setting up effective and legitimate carbon governance?
(2011)
This article compares two carbon governance instruments - the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) - to assess lessons from the former for the latter regarding effectiveness and legitimacy of such instruments. The article argues that the CDM has a relatively high degree of output-oriented legitimacy resulting in effectiveness and some input-oriented legitimacy, with few discernible tradeoffs between them. In contrasting this to REDD+, the hypotheses are advanced that (i) output-oriented legitimacy/effectiveness can again be achieved but that (ii) a higher degree of input-oriented legitimacy is necessary for REDD+ and thus also a certain trade-off between the two forms of legitimacy can be expected. This is shown through comparing the technologies and methodologies, economic rationales, political support, regulatory structures, and environmental impacts of both instruments.
The conclusion to the special section has three objectives: First, it argues that a focus on "practice" implicitly connects all the articles in the special section and thereby reinforces the core points of the analytical framework introduced by Fuchs and Glaab. Second, the paper summarizes the main messages of the articles by identifying three red threads that are dominant in all four contributions. These are the strong focus of all authors on ideational forces, an emphasis on the role of academics and the description of complexities of local-global interdependencies. Third, some common blind spots are identified that merit future research.