Refine
Year of publication
- 2022 (98) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (68)
- Doctoral Thesis (19)
- Postprint (9)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (2)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (98)
Keywords
- climate change (3)
- machine learning (3)
- ocean color remote sensing (3)
- permafrost (3)
- Andes (2)
- Arctic ocean (2)
- Diffusion (2)
- ERA5 (2)
- GEDI (2)
- ICESat-2 (2)
- Landsat (2)
- Opalinus Clay (2)
- Opalinuston (2)
- PHREEQC (2)
- Sentinel 2 (2)
- Vertical flux (2)
- analysis (2)
- bat fatalities (2)
- biodiversity decline (2)
- canopy height (2)
- diffusion (2)
- food web (2)
- geodynamics (2)
- green-green dilemma (2)
- hydraulic fracturing (2)
- lidar (2)
- modelling (2)
- nearshore zone (2)
- numerical modelling (2)
- numerische Modellierung (2)
- reactive transport (2)
- reaktiver Transport (2)
- renewable energy (2)
- savanna (2)
- surface processes (2)
- suspended sediment (2)
- wind energy production (2)
- 2D Numerical Modelling (1)
- ASPECT (1)
- Ahr (1)
- Ahr River (1)
- Air pollution (1)
- Alexander von Humboldt (1)
- Anden (1)
- Arctic Ocean (1)
- Arctic nearhore zone (1)
- Argentina (1)
- Argentinien (1)
- Baryt (1)
- Bayesian inference (1)
- Beaufort Sea (1)
- Beni Suef Basin (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Blattverschiebung (1)
- Bruchausbreitung (1)
- Building exposure modelling (1)
- COH-fluid (1)
- Carbonation (1)
- Change-point regression model (1)
- Climate (1)
- Climate governance (1)
- Cologne (1)
- Colorado mineral belt (1)
- Continental Rifts (1)
- DEM analysis (1)
- Data-Mining (1)
- Deep carbon cycle (1)
- Deformation (1)
- Deformationsmechanismen (1)
- Distributed acoustic sensing (1)
- Early pleistocene; (1)
- Eastern Dharwar craton (1)
- Egypt (1)
- Electrical resistivity tomography (1)
- Endlagerung nuklearer Abfälle (1)
- Ensemble (1)
- Erdbeben (1)
- Erosion (1)
- Ethiopia rift (1)
- Evolutionary ecology (1)
- Extreme (1)
- Extreme value statistics (1)
- Extremereignisse (1)
- Extremwertstatistik (1)
- Fagradalsfjall (1)
- FastScape (1)
- Field measurements (1)
- Fluid inclusion geochemistry (1)
- Fluid mixing (1)
- Forearc (1)
- Formationsschaden (1)
- Fourier analysis (1)
- Ganga River (1)
- Garnet-orthopyroxene-cordierite gneiss (1)
- Gashydrate (1)
- Gefahrenkarten (1)
- Geochronology (1)
- Geodynamic Modelling (1)
- Geodynamik (1)
- Geodynamische Modellierung (1)
- Geothermie (1)
- Germany (1)
- Gewässerfernerkundung (1)
- Global inversion (1)
- Global warming potential (1)
- Grabenbrüche (1)
- Granulite enclaves (1)
- Greenhouse gas emissions (1)
- Grundgestein (1)
- Guaymas Basin (1)
- HP-experiments (1)
- Hadley-Walker Circulation (1)
- Himalaya (1)
- Hochwasserrisiko (1)
- Horizontal (1)
- Horizontal flux (1)
- Hydrothermal veins (1)
- Iceland (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Indian summer monsoon (1)
- Induzierte Seismizität (1)
- Injektion (1)
- Injektionsschema (1)
- International policy (1)
- Isotopenfraktionierung (1)
- Kenya Rift (1)
- Kerogen petrography (1)
- Lacustrine sediment (1)
- Landslide chronosequences (1)
- Landslides (1)
- Limnology (1)
- Lithosphäre (1)
- Lokalisierung von Deformation (1)
- Lu-Hf (1)
- Magma-Entgasung (1)
- Mallik (1)
- Methane (1)
- Microbial processes (1)
- Mikroplatte (1)
- Mikrostrukturelle (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Modellierung der Wassertrübung (1)
- Molybdenum mineralization (1)
- Multivariate (1)
- N-butylpyridinium bromide (1)
- Near-surface geophysics (1)
- Neotektonik (1)
- Nepal (1)
- Nocardioides alcanivorans (1)
- Non-uniqueness (1)
- Numerische 2D Modellierung (1)
- ODP 659 (1)
- ODP 721/722 (1)
- ODP 967 (1)
- Oberflächenprozesse (1)
- Ore (1)
- Orinoco River system (1)
- PM balances (1)
- PM10, PM2, PM1 (1)
- PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentrations (1)
- Palaeoclimate (1)
- Paleoseismologie (1)
- Paläoklimatologie (1)
- Particle swarm optimization (1)
- Permafrostsedimente (1)
- Plio-Pleistocene (1)
- Plio-pleistocene transition (1)
- Precipitation (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Raman-Spektroskopie (1)
- Reaktivierung von Störungszonen (1)
- Reykjanes (1)
- Rhine basin (1)
- Rift (1)
- Risstransmissivität (1)
- Russian Arctic (1)
- Salzgestein (1)
- Scenario (1)
- Schadensmodellierung (1)
- Schallemissionen (1)
- Seesystemreaktionen (1)
- Seismic damage assessment (1)
- Seismic noise (1)
- Seismic risk (1)
- Short-lived climate pollutants (1)
- Sm-Nd (1)
- Soil (1)
- Sorption (1)
- Spannungsmessung (1)
- Statistical analysis (1)
- Strain Localisation (1)
- Strukturgeologie (1)
- Subduktion (1)
- TanDEM-X DEM (1)
- Tibetan Plateau (1)
- Time-series analysis (1)
- Torsion Experiments (1)
- Torsionsexperimente (1)
- Tropical lake (1)
- Uran (1)
- Walker circulation (1)
- Wasser-Gesteins-Wechselwirkungen (1)
- Windböen (1)
- Winderosion (1)
- Wirtsgesteinsskala (1)
- XRF analysis (1)
- Yangtze River (1)
- Zentral Asien (1)
- acoustic emissions (1)
- anaerobe Inkubationensexperimente (1)
- anaerobic incubation experiments (1)
- andean geology (1)
- arctic (1)
- arktischer Nahküstenbereich (1)
- bacteria (1)
- barite (1)
- basement rock (1)
- basin modeling (1)
- biogeography (1)
- bond strength (1)
- change (1)
- chemistry (1)
- city district (1)
- climate adaptation (1)
- climate change adaptation (1)
- climate time series analysis (1)
- climate transition (1)
- computational geosciences (1)
- conflict (1)
- covalency (1)
- damage modelling (1)
- data-mining (1)
- deep biosphere (1)
- deep long-period earthquakes (1)
- deformation (1)
- degradation (1)
- density-driven flow (1)
- deposition (1)
- derived flood risk analysis (1)
- deterministic (1)
- diamond anvil cell (1)
- dichtegetriebene Strömung (1)
- digital elevation models (1)
- disaster risk (1)
- earth system sciences (1)
- earthquake (1)
- earthquakes (1)
- ecosystem service cascade (1)
- electrical resistivity tomography (1)
- electrochemistry (1)
- emergency management (1)
- empirical (1)
- enhanced geothermal system (1)
- enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) (1)
- environmentalism (1)
- erosion (1)
- eruption (1)
- expedition (1)
- extensional tectonics (1)
- extreme events (1)
- fault network (1)
- fault reactivation (1)
- faults (1)
- flat-slab (1)
- flood hazard mapping; (1)
- flood modelling; (1)
- flood risk (1)
- floodplain wetlands (1)
- floods (1)
- flux (1)
- forecasting (1)
- formation damage (1)
- fracture growth (1)
- fracture transmissivity (1)
- frequency-domain electromagnetics (1)
- gas hydrate (1)
- gas hydrates (1)
- generative model (1)
- geochronology (1)
- geoinformatics (1)
- geomodeling (1)
- geomorphic connectivity (1)
- geostatistics (1)
- geothermal energy (1)
- geyser (1)
- grain size (1)
- ground motion modeling (1)
- hexadecane (1)
- high spatial resolution (1)
- high-pressure (1)
- historical floods (1)
- historical geography (1)
- historische Hochwasser (1)
- horizontaler Fluss (1)
- host rock scale (1)
- hybrid (1)
- hydrate formation (1)
- hydraulische Risserzeugung (1)
- hydraulisches Aufbrechen (1)
- hydrodynamic interactions (1)
- hydrothermal system; (1)
- imaging (1)
- induced seismicity (1)
- injection (1)
- injection scheme (1)
- intercultural understanding (1)
- interdisciplinarity (1)
- inundation simulation (1)
- inverse modeling (1)
- ionic liquids (1)
- iron (1)
- isotopic fractionation (1)
- knickpoints (1)
- lake system responses (1)
- laterally constrained inversion (1)
- level (1)
- lithosphere (1)
- low-frequency (1)
- magma degassing (1)
- magma plumbing system (1)
- mapping (1)
- maschinelles Lernen (1)
- mathematical geology (1)
- metal-containing ionic liquids; (1)
- methane (1)
- methane hydrate (1)
- microbial community (1)
- microplate (1)
- microstructural deformation mechanisms (1)
- minimum gradient support regularization (1)
- mining sciences (1)
- model (1)
- molecular biomarkers (1)
- molekulare Biomarker (1)
- monitoring (1)
- morphometric indices (1)
- multiperspective reception of AvH (1)
- multisensor system (1)
- multivariate statistics (1)
- near-surface monitoring (1)
- nitrogen (1)
- normal faults (1)
- nuclear waste disposal (1)
- numerical simulation (1)
- numerical simulations (1)
- offene Daten (1)
- online (1)
- open data (1)
- organic matter (1)
- organisches Material (1)
- paleoclimatology (1)
- paleoseismology (1)
- peat characterization (1)
- permafrost sediments (1)
- permutation entropy (1)
- petrothermales System (EGS) (1)
- phytoplankton (1)
- planning indicators (1)
- plastic degradation (1)
- plastisphere (1)
- precaution (1)
- precipitation (1)
- quartäre Geochronologie (1)
- radial flow (1)
- radiale Strömung (1)
- reactive transport simulation (1)
- reaktive Transportsimulation (1)
- reduction (1)
- renya Rift (1)
- rheology (1)
- rift (1)
- rift transfer zone (1)
- rifts (1)
- risk management (1)
- river dynamics (1)
- river incision (1)
- russische Arktis (1)
- salt rock (1)
- sediment (1)
- sediment dynamics (1)
- seismicity (1)
- seismicity model (1)
- sensitivity (1)
- sorption (1)
- source rock evaluation (1)
- spin (1)
- stabile Isotope (1)
- stable carbon isotopes (1)
- stable isotopes (1)
- statistics (1)
- stress measurement (1)
- strike-slip (1)
- subduction (1)
- subduction zone (1)
- subsurface life (1)
- sulfate reduction (1)
- surface type-function-concept (1)
- surface wave (1)
- surface wave, inversion, near surface (1)
- temperature sensor (1)
- terrestrial (1)
- tetrahalidometallates (1)
- thermodynamic and kinetic properties (1)
- thermodynamische und kinetische Eigenschaften (1)
- thermophiles; (1)
- time series analysis (1)
- transition (1)
- triaxial deformation experiments (1)
- triaxiale Deformationsexperimente (1)
- turbidity modelling (1)
- uranium (1)
- urban green (1)
- urban planning practice (1)
- varved lake sediments (1)
- verbesserte geothermische Systeme (1)
- vertikaler Fluss (1)
- volcano-seismology (1)
- warvierte Seesedimente (1)
- water quality (1)
- water rock interactions (1)
- wetland (1)
- wetland hydrology (1)
- wind energy-biodiversity (1)
- wind energy-biodiversity conflict (1)
- wind gusts (1)
- winderosion (1)
- Überflutungssimulation (1)
Institute
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (98) (remove)
This study deals with the East Beni Suef Basin (Eastern Desert, Egypt) and aims to evaluate the source-generative potential, reconstruct the burial and thermal history, examine the most influential parameters on thermal maturity modeling, and improve on the models already published for the West Beni Suef to ultimately formulate a complete picture of the whole basin evolution.
Source rock evaluation was carried out based on TOC, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and visual kerogen petrography analyses. Three kerogen types (II, II/III, and III) are distinguished in the East Beni Suef Basin, where the Abu Roash "F" Member acts as the main source rock with good to excellent source potential, oil-prone mainly type II kerogen, and immature to marginal maturity levels.
The burial history shows four depositional and erosional phases linked with the tectonic evolution of the basin. A hiatus (due to erosion or non-deposition) has occurred during the Late Eocene-Oligocene in the East Beni Suef Basin, while the West Beni Suef Basin has continued subsiding.
Sedimentation began later (Middle to Late Albian) with lower rates in the East Beni Suef Basin compared with the West Beni Suef Basin (Early Albian). The Abu Roash "F" source rock exists in the early oil window with a present-day transformation ratio of about 19% and 21% in the East and West Beni Suef Basin, respectively, while the Lower Kharita source rock, which is only recorded in the West Beni Suef Basin, has reached the late oil window with a present-day transformation ratio of about 70%.
The magnitude of erosion and heat flow have proportional and mutual effects on thermal maturity.
We present three possible scenarios of basin modeling in the East Beni Suef Basin concerning the erosion from the Apollonia and Dabaa formations.
Results of this work can serve as a basis for subsequent 2D and/or 3D basin modeling, which are highly recommended to further investigate the petroleum system evolution of the Beni Suef Basin.
The subsurface is a temporally dynamic and spatially heterogeneous compartment of the Earth's critical zone, and biogeochemical transformations taking place in this compartment are crucial for the cycling of nutrients.
The impact of spatial heterogeneity on such microbially mediated nutrient cycling is not well known, which imposes a severe challenge in the prediction of in situ biogeochemical transformation rates and further of nutrient loading contributed by the groundwater to the surface water bodies.
Therefore, we used a numerical modelling approach to evaluate the sensitivity of groundwater microbial biomass distribution and nutrient cycling to spatial heterogeneity in different scenarios accounting for various residence times.
The model results gave us an insight into domain characteristics with respect to the presence of oxic niches in predominantly anoxic zones and vice versa depending on the extent of spatial heterogeneity and the flow regime.
The obtained results show that microbial abundance, distribution, and activity are sensitive to the applied flow regime and that the mobile (i.e. observable by groundwater sampling) fraction of microbial biomass is a varying, yet only a small, fraction of the total biomass in a domain. Furthermore, spatial heterogeneity resulted in anaerobic niches in the domain and shifts in microbial biomass between active and inactive states. The lack of consideration of spatial heterogeneity, thus, can result in inaccurate estimation of microbial activity. In most cases this leads to an overestimation of nutrient removal (up to twice the actual amount) along a flow path.
We conclude that the governing factors for evaluating this are the residence time of solutes and the Damkohler number (Da) of the biogeochemical reactions in the domain. We propose a relationship to scale the impact of spatial heterogeneity on nutrient removal governed by the logioDa.
This relationship may be applied in upscaled descriptions of microbially mediated nutrient cycling dynamics in the subsurface thereby resulting in more accurate predictions of, for example, carbon and nitrogen cycling in groundwater over long periods at the catchment scale.
ABSTRACT: Structural evolution of cesium triiodide at high pressures has been revealed by synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Cesium triiodide undergoes a first-order phase transition above 1.24(3) GPa from an orthorhombic to a trigonal system. This transition is coupled with severe reorganization of the polyiodide network from a layered to three-dimensional architecture. Quantum chemical calculations show that even though the two polymorphic phases are nearly isoenergetic under ambient conditions, the PV term is decisive in stabilizing the trigonal polymorph above the transition point. Phonon calculations using a non-local correlation functional that accounts for dispersion interactions confirm that this polymorph is dynamically unstable under ambient conditions. The high-pressure behavior of crystalline CsI3 can be correlated with other alkali metal trihalides, which undergo a similar sequence of structural changes upon load.
Frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) data are commonly inverted to characterize subsurface geoelectrical properties using smoothness constraints in 1D inversion schemes assuming a layered medium.
Smoothness constraints are suitable for imaging gradual transitions of subsurface geoelectrical properties caused, for example, by varying sand, clay, or fluid content. However, such inversion approaches are limited in characterizing sharp interfaces. Alternative regularizations based on the minimum gradient support (MGS) stabilizers can, instead, be used to promote results with different levels of smoothness/sharpness selected by simply acting on the so-called focusing parameter.
The MGS regularization has been implemented for different kinds of geophysical data inversion strategies. However, concerning FDEM data, the MGS regularization has only been implemented for vertically constrained inversion (VCI) approaches but not for laterally constrained inversion (LCI) approaches.
We present a novel LCI approach for FDEM data using the MGS regularization for the vertical and lateral direction. Using synthetic and field data examples, we demonstrate that our approach can efficiently and automatically provide a set of model solutions characterized by different levels of sharpness and variable lateral consistencies.
In terms of data misfit, the obtained set of solutions contains equivalent models allowing us also to investigate the non-uniqueness of FDEM data inversion.
Nocardioides alcanivorans sp. nov., a novel hexadecane-degrading species isolated from plastic waste
(2022)
Strain NGK65(T), a novel hexadecane degrading, non-motile, Gram-positive, rod-to-coccus shaped, aerobic bacterium, was isolated from plastic polluted soil sampled at a landfill.
Strain NGK65(T) hydrolysed casein, gelatin, urea and was catalase-positive. It optimally grew at 28 degrees C. in 0-1% NaCl and at pH 7.5-8.0. Glycerol, D-glucose, arbutin, aesculin, salicin, potassium 5-ketogluconate. sucrose, acetate, pyruvate and hexadecane were used as sole carbon sources.
The predominant membrane fatty acids were iso-C-16:0 followed by iso-C(17:)0 and C-18:1 omega 9c. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and hydroxyphosphatidylinositol.
The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3 gamma, with LL-diaminopimelic acid and glycine as the diagnostic amino acids. MK 8 (H-4) was the predominant menaquinone. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGK65(T) belongs to the genus Nocardioides (phylum Actinobacteria). appearing most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis MJ31(T) (98.6%) and Nocardioides dubius KSL-104(T) (98.3%).
The genomic DNA G+C content of strain NGK65(T) was 68.2%.
Strain NGK65(T) and the type strains of species involved in the analysis had average nucleotide identity values of 78.3-71.9% as well as digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between 22.5 and 19.7%, which clearly indicated that the isolate represents a novel species within the genus Nocardioides.
Based on phenotypic and molecular characterization, strain NGK65(T) can clearly be differentiated from its phylogenetic neighbours to establish a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides alcanivorans sp. nov. is proposed.
The type strain is NGK65(T) (=DSM 113112(T)=NCCB 100846(T)).
Understanding the key factors influencing the water quality of large river systems forms an important basis for the assessment and protection of cross-regional ecosystems and the implementation of adapted water management concepts. However, identifying these factors requires in-depth comprehension of the unique environmental systems, which can only be achieved by detailed water quality monitoring.
Within the scope of the joint science and sports event "Elbschwimmstaffel" (swimming relay on the river Elbe) in June/July 2017 organized by the German Ministry of Education and Research, water quality data were acquired along a 550 km long stretch of the Elbe River in Germany. During the survey, eight physiochemical water quality parameters were recorded in high spatial and temporal resolution with the BIOFISH multisensor system. Multivariate statistical methods were applied to identify and delineate processes influencing the water quality.
The BIOFISH dataset revealed that phytoplankton activity has a major impact on the water quality of the Elbe River in the summer months. The results suggest that phytoplankton biomass constitutes a substantial proportion of the suspended particles and that photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton is closely related to significant temporal changes in pH and oxygen saturation.
An evaluation of the BIOFISH data based on the combination of statistical analysis with weather and discharge data shows that the hydrological and meteorological history of the sampled water body was the main driver of phytoplankton dynamics. This study demonstrates the capacity of longitudinal river surveys with the BIOFISH or similar systems for water quality assessment, the identification of pollution sources and their utilization for online in situ monitoring of rivers.
The authors demonstrate that a vegetation system's ability to recover from disturbances-its resilience-can be estimated from its natural variability. Global patterns of resilience loss and gains since the early 1990s reveal shifts towards widespread resilience loss since the early 2000s.
The character and health of ecosystems worldwide is tightly coupled to changes in Earth's climate. Theory suggests that ecosystem resilience-the ability of ecosystems to resist and recover from external shocks such as droughts and fires-can be inferred from their natural variability. Here, we quantify vegetation resilience globally with complementary metrics based on two independent long-term satellite records. We first empirically confirm that the recovery rates from large perturbations can be closely approximated from internal vegetation variability across vegetation types and climate zones. On the basis of this empirical relationship, we quantify vegetation resilience continuously and globally from 1992 to 2017. Long-term vegetation resilience trends are spatially heterogeneous, with overall increasing resilience in the tropics and decreasing resilience at higher latitudes. Shorter-term trends, however, reveal a marked shift towards a global decline in vegetation resilience since the early 2000s, particularly in the equatorial rainforest belt.
Diet analysis of bats killed at wind turbines suggests large-scale losses of trophic interactions
(2022)
Agricultural practice has led to landscape simplification and biodiversity decline, yet recently, energy-producing infrastructures, such as wind turbines, have been added to these simplified agroecosystems, turning them into multi-functional energy-agroecosystems. Here, we studied the trophic interactions of bats killed at wind turbines using a DNA metabarcoding approach to shed light on how turbine-related bat fatalities may possibly affect local habitats. Specifically, we identified insect DNA in the stomachs of common noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula) killed by wind turbines in Germany to infer in which habitats these bats hunted. Common noctule bats consumed a wide variety of insects from different habitats, ranging from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., wetlands, farmland, forests, and grasslands). Agricultural and silvicultural pest insects made up about 20% of insect species consumed by the studied bats. Our study suggests that the potential damage of wind energy production goes beyond the loss of bats and the decline of bat populations. Bat fatalities at wind turbines may lead to the loss of trophic interactions and ecosystem services provided by bats, which may add to the functional simplification and impaired crop production, respectively, in multi-functional ecosystems.
The Walker Circulation (WC) is an east-west trending band of atmospheric circulation cells along the equator and the predominant controller of heat and moisture transport in the tropics. Its variability is closely linked to the sea-surface temperature (SST) changes across the Pacific, the Indian and the Atlantic Oceans and can have pronounced effects on the humidity regimes of the adjacent continents. In recent years, the evolution of the WC during the Plioand Pleistocene epochs has been intensely studied in the context of the effectiveness of the tropics in modulating global climate change (e.g., the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation). However, the onset of the modern WC pattern as well as its global impact during the Plioand Pleistocene is controversially assessed in the literature. For its onset, previous studies have suggested dates ranging between 2.4 and 0.8 million years ago (Myr), while its argued impact ranges from crucially influencing the increase of Northern Hemisphere ice sheet growth by channelling heat and moisture from the tropics into the high latitudes to having no effect on global ice volume changes. In order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of the WC during this time frame, we statistically analysed 30 globally distributed SST records covering the low and high latitudes between 3.5 and 1.5 Myr, encompassing the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene. We utilized a statistical change-point regression model to determine significant change points in the SST evolution of the (sub)-tropics and high latitudes that potentially relate to changes in the WC. We find that the WC experienced a multifaceted evolution between the Late Pliocene and the Early Pleistocene with significant transitional steps at-2.7 and-2.1 Ma. Our results suggest after the Late Pliocene, a pre-modern WC set in, which was characterized by a progressively strengthened Pacific Walker Cell alongside a weakened Indian Ocean Walker Cell. This change was potentially triggered by the constriction of the Indonesian seaway, an important transmitter between the Pacific and Indian Ocean. The ensuing mode of the WC intensified until-2.1 Myr, when SST values around the global scale signalled a progressive strengthening of the Indian Walker Cell in phase with the progressive strengthening of the Pacific and Atlantic Cells. Our findings indicate that a shift from a pre-modern to a modern-like WC potentially only occurred during the mid-Pleistocene.
The quantification of spatial propagation of extreme precipitation events is vital in water resources planning and disaster mitigation. However, quantifying these extreme events has always been challenging as many traditional methods are insufficient to capture the nonlinear interrelationships between extreme event time series. Therefore, it is crucial to develop suitable methods for analyzing the dynamics of extreme events over a river basin with a diverse climate and complicated topography. Over the last decade, complex network analysis emerged as a powerful tool to study the intricate spatiotemporal relationship between many variables in a compact way. In this study, we employ two nonlinear concepts of event synchronization and edit distance to investigate the extreme precipitation pattern in the Ganga river basin. We use the network degree to understand the spatial synchronization pattern of extreme rainfall and identify essential sites in the river basin with respect to potential prediction skills. The study also attempts to quantify the influence of precipitation seasonality and topography on extreme events. The findings of the study reveal that (1) the network degree is decreased in the southwest to northwest direction, (2) the timing of 50th percentile precipitation within a year influences the spatial distribution of degree, (3) the timing is inversely related to elevation, and (4) the lower elevation greatly influences connectivity of the sites. The study highlights that edit distance could be a promising alternative to analyze event-like data by incorporating event time and amplitude and constructing complex networks of climate extremes.