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Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all schools in Germany were locked down for several months in 2020. How schools realized teaching during the school lockdown greatly varied from school to school. N = 2,647 parents participated in an online survey and rated the following activities of teachers in mathematics, language arts (German), English, and science / biology during the school lockdown: frequency of sending task assignments, task solutions and requesting for solutions, giving task-related feedback, grading tasks, providing lessons per videoconference, and communicating via telecommunication tools with students and / or parents. Parents also reported student academic outcomes during the school lockdown (child's learning motivation, competent and independent learning, learning progress). Parents further reported student characteristics and social background variables: child's negative emotionality, school engagement, mathematical and language competencies, and child's social and cultural capital. Data were separately analyzed for elementary and secondary schools. In both samples, frequency of student-teacher communication was associated with all academic outcomes, except for learning progress in elementary school. Frequency of parent-teacher communication was associated with motivation and learning progress, but not with competent and independent learning, in both samples. Other distant teaching activities were differentially related to students' academic outcomes in elementary vs. secondary school. School engagement explained most additional variance in all students' outcomes during the school lockdown. Parent's highest school leaving certificate incrementally predicted students' motivation, and competent and independent learning in secondary school, as well as learning progress in elementary school. The variable "child has own bedroom" additionally explained variance in students' competent and independent learning during the school lockdown in both samples. Thus, both teaching activities during the school lockdown as well as children's characteristics and social background were independently important for students' motivation, competent and independent learning, and learning progress. Results are discussed with regard to their practical implications for realizing distant teaching.
This chapter provides an overview of methods to capture developments and changes in motivational beliefs. Motivational research has recently begun to venture beyond just examining average developmental trends in motivational variables by starting to investigate how developmental changes in motivational variables differ between and within individuals in different learning situations and across contexts. Although studies have started to uncover differences in motivational changes, a systematic overview of suitable methods for capturing motivational differences in developmental processes is still missing. In this chapter, we review key methods of change modelling, bringing together variable-centred approaches, such as growth modelling and true intraindividual change (TIC) models, and person-centred approaches, such as latent transition and growth mixture models. We illustrate the value of the reviewed statistical methods for the analysis of context-specific motivational changes by reviewing recent empirical studies that identify different patterns and trajectories of such motivational beliefs across time. Our focus is thereby on research grounded in situated expectancy-value theory as a core theory in motivational research.
An effective handling of heterogeneous groups in classrooms is one of the main challenges that teachers face when planning their instruction. However, including means of adaptive teaching in classrooms also yields the chance to re-conceptualize classroom instruction. Researchers and practitioners often discuss the question of how different ability levels can be considered adequately in teaching and learning. Because motivation is a central source of competence development and self-regulated learning, the current article discusses how teaching can adapt to learners' different motivational states and traits. In a first step, we review theoretical and empirical perspectives on intra- and interindividual motivational differences in students and their relations to other dimensions of classroom heterogeneity such as gender, ethnic background, and socio-economic status. Against this background, we discuss how instruction can adapt effectively to learners' different motivational needs. We introduce a model of adaptive teaching that refers to students' intra- and interindividual motivational differences and derive conclusions for teacher education and instructional practice.
Teachers' self-efficacy beliefs have been shown to be related to their supportive teaching practices and to adolescents' motivation. Yet, little is known about these relations in elementary school. The present study examined the longitudinal effects of teachers' self-efficacy on student-perceived teacher support and students' mathematics interest with a sample of 2082 students and 133 teachers in third and fourth grade. Results revealed that teachers' self-efficacy was longitudinally related to student-perceived support, which in turn was positively related to students' interest. The findings underline the relevance of teachers' self-efficacy beliefs and teacher support for the development of students' interest in elementary school.
Teacher self-efficacy for classroom management is an important component of teachers' identity with implications for their teaching quality. Theoretically, it has been described that contextual variables play an important role for self-efficacy development and its consequences. However, little is known about the interrelationships of job resources and demands with teacher self-efficacy, and consequences for teachers' professional behaviors. We extend teacher self-efficacy research by drawing on the Job Demands-Resources model in examining contextual influences on developmental dynamics between classroom management self-efficacy and teacher-reported classroom management, from prior to qualifying as a teacher until mid-career. Participants were 395 primary and secondary Australian school teachers. Longitudinal structural equation models showed teachers' classroom management self-efficacy positively related to aspects of their perceived classroom management, particularly during early career. Between early and mid-career, the positive relationship between self-efficacy and classroom management was moderated by early career excessive demands. Implications are outlined for teacher education and school administration.
This study examined the relations between teacher-reported classroom management self-efficacy, stu-dent-reported teaching quality and students' enjoyment in mathematics. Data were collected from German ninth and tenth-grade students (N = 779) and their teachers (N = 40) at the beginning and the middle of the school year. Multilevel models showed that teachers' self-efficacy at time 1 significantly and positively related to class-level monitoring and relatedness at time 2. Class-level relatedness at time 2 was significantly and positively associated with enjoyment at time 2. Teacher-reported self-efficacy at time 1 was indirectly related to enjoyment at time 2 through relatedness at time 2.
Im Rahmen der Lehrkräftebildung stellen hohe Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen eine wichtige persönliche Ressource dar, um einem erhöhten Beanspruchungserleben entgegenzuwirken. Dabei gelten erfolgreiche eigene Erfahrungen im Unterrichten als Möglichkeit, die Entwicklung von Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen in der Lehrkräftebildung zu begünstigen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde im Rahmen eines Schulnetzwerks ein Seminarkonzept entwickelt, um neben den obligatorischen Praktika während des Lehramtsstudiums weitere begleitete Unterrichtserfahrungen sammeln zu können. Dabei werden die Seminarkonzeption sowie der Ablauf der Kooperation im Kontext der Netzwerkarbeit dargestellt und erläutert. Darüber hinaus werden die Ergebnisse der Seminarevaluation vorgestellt und ein Fazit aus dem Konzept des Schulnetzwerks bzw. der Seminarkonzeption gezogen und diskutiert.
Lesemotivation ist von Bedeutung für Leseleistung und ist interindividuell unterschiedlich ausgeprägt. Jedoch ist bislang wenig bekannt über Veränderungen unterschiedlicher Lesemotivationsmuster und die Bedeutung des Geschlechts, der Leseleistung und der Unterrichtsgestaltung für solche Veränderungen. Mittels dieser Erkenntnisse könnten adaptive Lernangebote ausgeweitet werden. Die vorliegende Längsschnittstudie greift diese Frage auf und untersucht basierend auf Daten von N = 1313 Lernenden (50,0 % Mädchen) in der 5. und 6. Jahrgangsstufe, wie sich Wertüberzeugungen und Leseselbstkonzept interindividuell unterschiedlich verändern. Latente Profilanalysen verweisen auf drei motivationale Muster zu beiden Zeitpunkten: ‚Geringer intrinsischer Wert‘, ‚Moderate Lesemotivation‘ und ‚Hohe Lesemotivation‘. Hohe Lehrkraftunterstützung trägt dazu bei, dass Lernende im Verlauf des fünften Schuljahres in das Profil ‚Hohe Lesemotivation‘ statt in das Motivationsprofil ‚Geringer intrinsischer Wert‘ wechseln. Mädchen und Lernende mit hoher Leseleistung wechseln eher in das Profil ‚Hohe Lesemotivation‘ statt in das Profil ‚Moderate Lesemotivation‘. Implikationen für Unterricht werden diskutiert.
PSI-Potsdam
(2023)
An der Universität Potsdam wird seit 2015 im Rahmen der „Qualitätsoffensive Lehrerbildung“ das Projekt „Professionalisierung – Schulpraktische Studien – Inklusion“ (PSI-Potsdam) durchgeführt und am Zentrum für Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung (ZeLB) koordiniert. Zur ersten Projektförderphase (2015-2018) erschien der Band „PSI-Potsdam – Ergebnisbericht zu den Aktivitäten im Rahmen der Qualitätsoffensive Lehrerbildung (2015-2018)“ zum Auftakt der Reihe „Potsdamer Beiträge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung“.
Der vorliegende Band aus der gleichen Reihe gibt in den Kapiteln „Erhebungen“, „Lehrkonzepte“ und „Vernetzungen“ einen Überblick über alle Teilprojekte der zweiten Projektförderphase (2019-2023). Wissenschaftler:innen aus verschiedenen Fachdidaktiken, Fachwissenschaften sowie aus den Bildungswissenschaften und der Inklusionspädagogik haben im Rahmen des Projektes kooperiert. Sowohl praxisnahe Forschung als auch die Entwicklung neuer Lehrkonzepte sowie Strategien zur Vernetzung innerhalb der Lehrkräftebildung stehen im Fokus dieses Bandes. Die Praxisphasen, die im Rahmen des „Potsdamer Modells der Lehrerbildung“ eine zentrale Rolle spielen, wurden in einer großen Studie über alle Praxisphasen untersucht.
Der Band gibt interessante Einblicke in die Ergebnisse der Teilprojekte und Anregungen sowohl für die eigene Forschung als auch für Entwicklungsarbeit wie zum Beispiel die Entwicklung neuer Lehrkonzepte. Herausgegeben wird dieser Band von PD Dr. Jolanda Hermanns (Gesamtkoordinatorin PSI-Potsdam und Chemiedidaktikerin).