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Die Entwicklung einer Theorie zur schulischen Inklusion ist das zentrale Thema der Dissertation. Die Autorin nutzt empirische Analysen zur Umsetzung inklusiven Lernens sowie Daten zu sonderpädagogischen Förderschwerpunkten an inklusiven Grundschulen für die Erarbeitung von Bedingungen und Formen eines inklusiven Schulsystems. Empirische Daten zur Umsetzung inklusiver Bildung liegen aus vielen Bundesländern vor, es fehlte jedoch eine forschungsleitende Theorie zur Einordnung und Analyse der Daten. Jennifer Lambrecht hat diese Theorie auf Grundlage der Systemtheorie Luhmanns entwickelt. Sie differenziert zwischen Schulsystemen und verortet unterschiedliche Inklusionsverständnisse. Im Ergebnis entwickelt sie fünf Thesen zur schulischen Inklusion im allgemeinen Schulsystem und im Sonderschulsystem. Die Dissertation, die ein hochaktuelles Thema der empirischen Bildungsforschung behandelt, regt zum Mit- und Nachdenken an und generiert neue, interessante Forschungsfragen.
In intervention research, single-case experimental designs are an important way to gain insights into the causes of individual changes that yield high internal validity. They are commonly applied to examine the effectiveness of classroom-based interventions to reduce problem behavior in schools. At the same time, there is no consensus on good design characteristics of single-case experimental designs when dealing with behavioral problems in schools. Moreover, specific challenges arise concerning appropriate approaches to analyzing behavioral data. Our study addresses the interplay between the test power of piecewise regression analysis and important design specifications of single-case research designs. Here, we focus on the influence of the following specifications of single-case research designs: number of measurement times, the initial frequency of the behavior, intervention effect, and data trend. We conducted a Monte-Carlo study. First, simulated datasets were created with specific design conditions based on reviews of published single-case intervention studies. Following, data were analyzed using piecewise Poisson-regression models, and the influence of specific design specifications on the test power was investigated. Our results indicate that piecewise regressions have a high potential of adequately identifying the effects of interventions for single-case studies. At the same time, test power is strongly related to the specific design specifications of the single-case study: Few measurement times, especially in phase A, and low initial frequencies of the behavior make it impossible to detect even large intervention effects. Research designs with a high number of measurement times show robust power. The insights gained are highly relevant for researchers in the field, as decisions during the early stage of conceptualizing and planning single-case experimental design studies may impact the chance to identify an existing intervention effect during the research process correctly.
Is there an ideal time window for language acquisition after which nativelike representation and processing are unattainable? Although this question has been heavily debated, no consensus has been reached. Here, we present evidence for a sensitive period in language development and show that it is specific to grammar. We conducted a masked priming task with a group of Turkish-German bilinguals and examined age of acquisition (AoA) effects on the processing of complex words. We compared a subtle but meaningful linguistic contrast, that between grammatical inflection and lexical-based derivation. The results showed a highly selective AoA effect on inflectional (but not derivational) priming. In addition, the effect displayed a discontinuity indicative of a sensitive period: Priming from inflected forms was nativelike when acquisition started before the age of 5 but declined with increasing AoA. We conclude that the acquisition of morphological rules expressing morphosyntactic properties is constrained by maturational factors.
When it comes to teacher attitudes towards teaching and learning, research relies heavily on explicit measures (e.g., questionnaires). These attitudes are generally conceptualized as constructivist and transmissive views on teaching and learning with constructivism often considered to be more desirable. In explicit measures, this can have drawbacks like socially desirable responding. It is for this reason that, in this study, we investigated implicit attitudes as well as explicit attitudes towards constructivism and transmission. N = 100 preservice teachers worked on a questionnaire and two Single-Target Implicit Association Tests (ST-IAT constructivism and ST-IAT transmission) before (T1) and after (T2) a single master’s semester. One group (n = 50) did student teaching while a second group (n = 50) took master’s courses. We evaluated preservice teachers’ views on teaching at the end of their masters’ studies. Participants agreed with transmission and constructivism (T1) on both an explicit and implicit level. Implicit measures seem to exceed explicit measures in differentially assessing constructivist and transmissive views on teaching and learning. After student teaching (T2), there was no overall effect of attitude development but changes in rank indicate that participants’ implicit attitudes towards constructivism and transmission developed differently for each individual.
Mittendrin oder nur dabei?
(2017)
In der vorliegenden Studie wurde das Ausmaß der sozialen Partizipation von Grundschülerinnen und Grundschülern mit einem und ohne festgestelltem sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf (SPF) untersucht. Insgesamt wurden N = 1436 Schüler der 2. und 3. Jahrgangsstufe mittels Fragebögen zum peerbezogenen Klassenklima, zur Einschätzung der eigenen sozialen Integration, zum Gefühl des Angenommen-Seins durch die Lehrkraft und zur Anzahl ihrer Freundschaften befragt. Mithilfe des Propensity Score Matching-Verfahrens wurden den Schülern mit einem festgestellten SPF in den Bereichen Lernen, emotionale und soziale Entwicklung oder Sprache (N = 91) basierend auf theoretisch und empirisch abgeleiteten Hintergrundvariablen statistische Zwillinge ohne SPF zugeordnet. Zu den Hintergrundvariablen zählten familiäre, leistungs- und verhaltensbezogene Merkmale. Der Vergleich der Schüler mit einem festgestellten SPF mit ihren statistischen Zwillingen ohne SPF lieferte keine Hinweise auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Status eines SPF und der sozialen Partizipation.
Die Kooperation von Schule und Jugendhilfe befindet sich aktuell im Wandel. Spätestens seit Beginn der 2000er-Jahre wird insbesondere von Seiten der Politik eine verstärkte Zusammenarbeit beider Institutionen gefordert. Die PISA-Studie des Jahres 2000 verdeutlichte die Chancenungleichheit unseres Bildungssystems und sorgte damit für eine Renaissance der Thematik. Zuletzt führten die Inklusionsdebatte und die Flüchtlingsströme, die Europa seit 2015 erreichen, sowie daraus folgende rechtspopulistische Tendenzen in Deutschland verstärkt zur Notwendigkeit, die Bildungswelten Jugendhilfe und Schule stärker zu vernetzen. Junge Menschen unterschiedlichster Personengruppen sollen besser ins Bildungssystem integriert und demokratiefeindlichem Gedankengut entgegengewirkt werden.
Die Zusammenarbeit von Jugendhilfe und Schule ist somit aktuell stärker gefragt denn je. Sie gilt als komplexe Problemlösestrategie und wird mit einer Vielzahl positiver Erwartungen assoziiert. Sie soll auf bildungs- und sozialpolitische Fragen Antwort geben, den demokratischen Gedanken stärken und junge Menschen auf rasche technische und mediale Veränderungen im Arbeitsalltag vorbereiten. In der Theorie wird die Zusammenarbeit von Jugendhilfe und Schule als Allheilmittel angepriesen, doch wie gestaltet sich die Praxis?
Diese Studie geht dieser Frage nach, indem sie exemplarisch die Kooperation an der Bildungsstätte „Kurt Löwenstein“ im brandenburgischen Werneuchen aus der Sicht von Lehrkräften untersucht. Die Autorin wertet Leitfadeninterviews systematisch aus und kommt dabei zu überraschenden Ergebnissen. Die Studie legt Erfolgsfaktoren und Hemmnisse der Kooperation dar und liefert eine kritische und differenzierte Analyse des Ist-Zustandes.
Relationship quality between teachers and their students is a critical aspect for well-being and effective learning in school. Accordingly, teacher training should promote competencies for creating and maintaining positive relationships in the classroom. The Helga Breuninger Foundation developed a video-based online training (Intus³) that intends to focus on student teachers' interpersonal competencies by reflecting on staged videos. Although this training is well-designed, there is only little empirical evidence in general and so far no experimental research investigating the effects of Intus³. Accordingly, we investigated whether this program is able to improve the capacities of student teachers' interpersonal competencies, affective well-being, and affective attitudes toward challenging students. We conducted two randomized experimental studies (n1 = 132, n2 = 242) within lectures in teacher education at the University of Potsdam, introducing the basics of inclusive education in two consecutive semesters. We compared groups first working with Intus³ to waiting control groups that wrote an expository text based on empirical research discussing the relevance of teacher–student relationships with a longitudinal design with four measurement points. Latent change models showed that prior work with Intus³ showed few effects but complex effects in comparison to the prior text work groups. In the larger and extended study 2, an increase of empathic concern was significant after the prior work with Intus³. The results will be discussed with the perspective of the potential of further development of online training courses for affective learning for teachers and teacher students.
This review summarizes features of professional development programs that aim to prepare in-service teachers to improve students’ academic language proficiency when teaching subject areas. The 38 studies reviewed suggest that all of the profiled interventions were effective to some extent. The programs share many characteristics considered important in successful teacher professional development across different subject areas. They also include some features that appear to be specific to teacher training in this particular domain. This review supports the idea that professional development helps change teachers’
thinking and practice and benefits students, if certain features are taken into consideration in its design and implementation.