Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (49)
- Postprint (16)
- Conference Proceeding (4)
- Other (2)
- Preprint (2)
- Monograph/edited volume (1)
- Review (1)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (75)
Keywords
- doping (7)
- exercise (7)
- Neuroenhancement (6)
- affect (5)
- EEG/ERP (4)
- automatic evaluations (4)
- cognitive enhancement (4)
- Adolescents (3)
- BIAT (3)
- Doping (3)
Models employed in exercise psychology highlight the role of reflective processes for explaining behavior change. However, as discussed in social cognition literature, information-processing models also consider automatic processes (dual-process models). To examine the relevance of automatic processing in exercise psychology, we used a priming task to assess the automatic evaluations of exercise stimuli in physically active sport and exercise majors (n = 32), physically active nonsport majors (n = 31), and inactive students (n = 31). Results showed that physically active students responded faster to positive words after exercise primes, whereas inactive students responded more rapidly to negative words. Priming task reaction times were successfully used to predict reported amounts of exercise in an ordinal regression model. Findings were obtained only with experiential items reflecting negative and positive consequences of exercise. The results illustrate the potential importance of dual-process models in exercise psychology.
Sportpsychologie
(2010)
The initial interview is important for psychological counseling regarding the acquisition of diagnostic information and in terms of establishing a professional counseling relationship. In applied sports psychology there so far exist no clear guidelines to structure this process. To improve the quality of sports psychological consultations, the present study introduces and evaluates a semi-structured guideline for an initial interview in which the content and form of the consultation are determined, the concerns of the client are systematically explored, and the objectives of the collaboration and the further process are defined. Eleven sport psychology trainees participated in our study and conducted initial interviews with actors. One interview was conducted by using the initial interview guide and the other interview was created individually by each sport psychology trainee based on his own expertise. The results showed that the quality of the interview process (i.e., formal requirements, use of open questions) as well as the satisfaction of the consultant with the interview was significantly higher when following the guideline. No differences were found regarding the quality of the consultation findings and the satisfaction of the athletes with the interview. The results are discussed with respect to their theoretical and practical implications.
Objectives: Today, the doping attitudes of athletes can either be measured by asking athletes directly or with the help of indirect attitude measurement procedures as for example the implicit association test (IAT). Using indirect measures may be helpful for example when psychological effects of doping prevention programs shall be evaluated. In the present study we have analyzed and compared measurement properties of two recently published IATs.
Design: The IATs "doping substance vs. tea blend" and "doping substance vs. legal nutritional supplement" were presented to two randomly assigned independent samples of 102 athletes (44 male, 58 female; mean age 23.6 years) from different sports. Both IATs were complemented by a control IAT "word vs. non-word".
Methods: In order to test central measurement properties of both IATs, distributions of measured values, correlations with the control IAT, reliability analyses, and analyses of error rates were performed.
Results: Results pointed to a rather negative doping attitude in most athletes. Especially the fact that in the "doping vs. supplement" IAT error rates (12%) and adaptational learning effects across test blocks were substantial (eta(2) = .22), indicating that participants had difficulties correctly assigning the word stimuli to the respective category, we see slight advantages for the "doping vs. tea" IAT (e.g. satisfactory internal scale consistency Cronbach's-alpha = .78 among athletes reporting to be regularly involved in competitions).
Conclusion: The less satisfactory measurement properties of the "doping vs. supplement" IAT can possibly be explained by the fact that the boundaries between (legal) supplements and (illegal) doping substances have been shifted from time to time so that athletes were not sure whether substances were legal or not.
Objectives: This study investigated the psychological as well as neuroendocrine stress response across one week before an important sport competition, introducing the cortisol awakening response (CAR) to sport psychological research. Methods: On three days in the week before the German Nationals, martial artists (N = 17) reported their competitive state anxiety and collected five samples of salivary cortisol during the first hour after awakening. Results: Hierarchic-linear models and multiple regressions were conducted. Despite a significant rise in "somatic anxiety" (p < .05), the increment of CAR across the week remained non-significant. A moderator function of competitive anxiety on the released amount of cortisol in the morning was not found significant. Results did not show any significant regression of changes in the neuroendocrine response on changes in state anxiety. Conclusion: Non- significant increments of CAR with a closer proximity to the competition may be interpreted as a possible habituation of basal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal activity. Moreover, athletes appear to have a lower CAR than found in norm studies, which points to further investigation of interindividual and situational effects on the temporal pattern of the neuroendocrine response to sport competitions.
