Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (28)
- Postprint (6)
- Conference Proceeding (3)
- Preprint (1)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (38)
Keywords
- Children (3)
- EMG (3)
- Gait (3)
- MiSpEx* (3)
- adolescents (3)
- Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (2)
- Body limbs (2)
- Electromyography (2)
- Gait perturbation (2)
- Knees (2)
- Legs (2)
- Rehabilitation (2)
- Sensory perception (2)
- Surgical and invasive medical procedures (2)
- Systematic reviews (2)
- Tendons (2)
- Treadmill walking (2)
- body-mass index (2)
- childhood obesity (2)
- core (2)
- forces (2)
- overweight children (2)
- plantar pressure distribution (2)
- prepubescent children (2)
- prevalence (2)
- speed (2)
- walking (2)
- ANKLE JOINT (1)
- Achilles tendon (1)
- Ankle joint (1)
- Arch-index (1)
- Balance (1)
- Calcaneus (1)
- Carbon (1)
- Core (1)
- Cycling (1)
- Development (1)
- Doppler ultrasound (1)
- Foot (1)
- Foot orthoses (1)
- Foot progression angle (1)
- Geometry (1)
- INSERT (1)
- INSOLE (1)
- In-shoe measurement (1)
- In-toeing (1)
- Intra-articular calcaneal fracture (1)
- JOINT STABILITY (1)
- Knee (1)
- MIDPORTION (1)
- Monosynaptic reflexes (1)
- Muscle strength (1)
- NEOVASCULARIZATION (1)
- Neuromuscular control (1)
- OVERUSE INJURY (1)
- Out-toeing (1)
- Overuse injury (1)
- PROGNOSIS (1)
- Patella tendon (1)
- Peak torque (1)
- Plantar Pressure Distribution (1)
- Plantar pressure (1)
- Plantar pressure distribution (1)
- Postural control (1)
- Prevalence (1)
- Proprioception (1)
- Reflex reproducibility (1)
- Running gait (1)
- Sensorimotor control (1)
- Speed (1)
- Strength testing (1)
- Stumbling (1)
- TENDINOPATHY (1)
- Trunk kinematics (1)
- Variability (1)
- adolescent athletes (1)
- autologous chondrocyte implantation (1)
- biomechanical effect (1)
- cartilage defect (1)
- cartilage repair (1)
- cell transplantation (1)
- concentric (1)
- everyday task (1)
- female runner (1)
- hyperechogenicities (1)
- hypoechogenicities (1)
- injury symptom (1)
- intra- and inter-rater variability (1)
- isokinetic (1)
- kinematic trunk model (1)
- knee (1)
- knee joint (1)
- locomotion (1)
- neuromuscular control (1)
- overuse injury (1)
- perturbation (1)
- polyurethane foam (1)
- prevention (1)
- rehabilitation (1)
- running gait (1)
- shoulder (1)
- sonography (1)
- strength performance (1)
- tendinopathy (1)
- tendon diameter (1)
- training intervention (1)
- training volume (1)
- trunk (1)
- trunk motion (1)
- ultrasound (1)
- validity (1)
- vascularization (1)
Research question: This study aimed to establish reference values in 1-14 year old healthy children and to implement FPA-percentile curves for daily clinical use. Methods: 5910 healthy children performed at least 3 repetitions of barefoot walking over an instrumented walkway using a pressure measurement platform. The FPA [degrees] was extracted and analyzed by age and gender (mean +/- standard deviation; median with percentiles, MANOVA (age, gender) and Wilcoxon-Signed-Rank test for intra-individual side differences (alpha = 0.05). Results: FPA maximum was observed in 2-year-old children and diminished significant until the age of 4 to moderate out-toeing. For ages 5-14, no statistically significant differences in FPA values were present (p > 0.05). MANOVA confirmed age (p < 0.001) and gender (p < 0.001) as significant FPA influencing factors, without combined effect (p > 0.05). In every age group, right feet showed significantly greater out-toeing (p < 0.05). Significance: Percentile values indicate a wide FPA range in children. FPA development in young children shows a spontaneous shift towards moderate external rotation (age 2-4), whereby in-toeing <= 1-5 degrees can be present, but can return to normal. Bilateral in-toeing after the age of four and unilateral in-toeing after the age of seven should be monitored.