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As part of the POPS study (Potsdam prevention of eating disorders) 300 adolescents aged between 10 and 13 years completed questionnaires measuring satisfaction with weight and muscles, body change strategies and disturbed eating behavior. More than half of the girls and a third of the boys are dissatisfied with their weight. Nearly 70% of the male participants were unhappy with their muscles. Both forms of body dissatisfaction are influenced by similar sociocultural and psychological factors. While weight dissatisfaction leads to weight reduction strategies and disturbed eating, muscle dissatisfaction results in muscle enhancement methods. Potential harmful consequences of excessive muscle building techniques are discussed. The data emphasize the need for a sex-specific investigation of body dissatisfaction and its consequences. Body image aspects relevant to boys should be added to intervention and prevention approaches.
The present cross-sectional anthropometric study evaluates new approaches in preventing overweight in children. Anthropometric data were obtained in 289 German children (146 boys, 143 girls) aged 6-11 years and 41 20-29 year old German female students for describing the type of body shape by Metric-Index (thoracic breadth, thoracic depth, height). The data were correlated with 15 fat layers measured with a lipometer with Principal Component Analyses and ANOVA. In females the android respectively gynoid type of body shape was significantly associated with the pyknomorphic respectively leptomorphic type. The study demonstrates that this pattern is established by an age of 8 years, when the earliest maturing children start to enter puberty. This pattern can be used to check the individual's risk of overweight and to recommend preventive healthcare interventions.
1. Einführung
2. Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus: Begriffsgenese und Modell „nachhaltiger Prävention“
2.1 Entwicklungsorientierung
2.2 Kommunale Netzwerkarbeit
2.3 Evaluation und Qualität
3. Kriminal- und Gewaltprävention im Land Brandenburg
3.1 Gewaltprävention an einer Brennpunkt-Schule am Beispiel von „Wir für uns“
3.2 Regionale Netzwerkarbeit am Beispiel von „Mit-Ein-Ander in Kita und Schule“
3.3 Rechtsextremismusprävention am Beispiel des Handlungskonzepts „Tolerantes Brandenburg“
4. Folgerungen und Empfehlungen
Literatur
Die "Grüne Liste Prävention"
(2014)
Präventiver Kinderschutz
(2014)
BACKGROUND: The aim of occupational health care management programs (OHMP) is to improve the health status of employees, increase work ability and reduce absence time. This includes better coping abilities, work-related self-efficacy and self-management which are important abilities that should be trained within OHMPs.
OBJECTIVES: To study the effectiveness of an OHMP including special interventions to enhance self-efficacy and self-management.
PARTICIPANTS: Employees from the German Federal Pension Agency.
METHODS: Effects of an OHMP on sickness absence was studied by comparing an intervention group (N = 159) and two control groups (N = 450). A core feature of the OHMP were group sessions with all members of working teams, focussing on self-efficacy and self management of the individual participant as well as the team as a group (focus groups). Participants in the OHMP were asked for their subjective evaluation of the focus groups. Rates of sickness absence were taken from the routine data of the employer.
RESULTS: Participants of the OHMP indicated that they had learned better ways of coping and communication and that they had generated intentions to make changes in their working situation. The rate of sickness absence in the intervention group decreased from 9.26% in the year before the OHMP to 7.93% in the year after the program, while there was in the same time an increase of 7.9% and 10.7% in the two control groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that OHMP with focus on self-efficacy and self management of individuals and teams are helpful in reducing work absenteeism.
Leaking comprises observable behavior or statements that signal intentions of committing a violent offense and is considered an important warning sign for school shootings. School staff who are confronted with leaking have to assess its seriousness and react appropriately - a difficult task, because knowledge about leaking is sparse. The present study, therefore, examined how frequently leaking occurs in schools and how teachers identify leaking and respond to it. To achieve this aim, we informed teachers from eight schools in Germany about the definition of leaking and other warning signs and risk factors for school shootings in a one-hour information session. Teachers were then asked to report cases of leaking over a six- to nine-month period and to answer a questionnaire on leaking and its treatment after the information session and six to nine months later. Our results suggest that leaking is a relevant problem in German schools. Teachers mostly rated the information session positively and benefited in several aspects (e.g. reported more perceived courses of action or improved knowledge about leaking), but also expressed a constant need for support. Our findings highlight teachers' needs for further support and training and may be used in the planning of prevention measures for school shootings.
1. Eine kritische Vorbemerkung zum Thema Nachhaltigkeit
2. Gewalt ist alltäglich – aber …
3. Was macht nun Gewaltprävention an Schulen nachhaltig?
4. Schulische Prävention in Brandenburg
5. Was verhindert Nachhaltigkeit in der Präventionsarbeit?
6. Die Prävention von Rechtsextremismus und Rassismus in Brandenburg – Was kann Gewaltprävention davon lernen?
LiteraturAlfred
"Tolerantes Brandenburg"
(2014)
1. Einleitung
2. Kriminalitätsprävention und Rechtsextremismusprävention
3. Ausgewählte Strukturelemente des Kooperationsverbundes TBB
3.1 Aufgabendefinition zwischen Rechtsextremismusbekämpfung und Demokratieförderung
3.2 Status der landesweiten Zentralstelle
3.3 Ressortübergreifende Aufgaben im Verhältnis zu den Fachressorts
3.4 Vernetzung und Hierarchie
3.5 Verhältnis zur Zivilgesellschaft
3.6 Evaluation
4. Fazit
1. Einleitung
2. Präventionspraxis und -forschung
3. Qualitätskriterien für die Beschaffenheit von Präventionsarbeit bzw. gezielter Präventionsprojekte
4. Selbstevaluation des Projekts „Eltern-Medien-Beratung“ der Aktion Kinder- und Jugendschutz Brandenburg e. V. (AKJS)
4.1 Problemanalyse und Zielbestimmung
4.2 Zielgruppen und Methodenwahl
4.3 Ausgewählte Ergebnisse der Selbstevaluation zur Zufriedenheit der Beteiligten mit den Veranstaltungen sowie zur Wirksamkeit
5. Anforderungen an die Evaluation von Präventionsprojekten und deren Realisierung im Praxisalltag
Literatur
1. Einleitung
2. Wer definiert die Gewalt?
3. Gewalt als Beziehungstat
4. Schulkultur und Gewaltprävention
5. Ebenen der Gewaltprävention in der Schule
6. Gewaltprävention und Schulentwicklung
7. Gewaltprävention und pädagogisches Handeln
8. Gewaltprävention und außerschulische Aktivitäten
9. Zusammenfassung
Anlage: Vorschlag für ein Szenario zum Thema: Gewaltprävention und Schulentwicklung
Literatur
1. Einleitung
2. Herausforderungen der (Gewalt-)Prävention
2.1 Prävention im kommunalen Raum
2.2 Herausforderung Vielfalt
3. Gewalt
3.1 Möglichkeiten einer Definition
3.2 Über Ursachen
4. Das Konzept Mea
4.1 Nutzung bereits evaluierter Programme
4.2 Organisationsentwicklung
5. Entwicklung von Präventionslandschaften
5.1 Von der Hierarchie zur Netzwerkarbeit
5.2 Räume einer gelingenden Sozialisation
5.2.1 Sozialräume
5.2.2 Soziale Netzwerke
6. Schlussbemerkungen
Literatur