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3D data-derived lithospheric structure of the Central Andes and its implications for deformation: Insights from gravity and geodynamic modelling

  • We present a new three-dimensional density model of the Central Andes characterizing the structure and composition of the lithosphere together with a geodynamic simulation subjected to continental intraplate shortening. The principal aim of this study is to assess the link between heterogeneities in the lithosphere and different deformation patterns and styles along the orogen-foreland system of the Central Andes. First, we performed a 3D integration of new geological and geophysical data with previous models through forward modelling of Bouguer anomalies. Subsequently, a geodynamic model was set-up and parametrized from the previously obtained 3D structure and composition. We do not find a unambigous correlation between the resulting density configuration and terrane boundaries proposed by other authors. Our models reproduce the observed Bouguer anomaly and deformation patterns in the foreland. We find that thin-skinned deformation in the Subandean fold-and thrust belt is controlled by a thick sedimentary layer and coevalWe present a new three-dimensional density model of the Central Andes characterizing the structure and composition of the lithosphere together with a geodynamic simulation subjected to continental intraplate shortening. The principal aim of this study is to assess the link between heterogeneities in the lithosphere and different deformation patterns and styles along the orogen-foreland system of the Central Andes. First, we performed a 3D integration of new geological and geophysical data with previous models through forward modelling of Bouguer anomalies. Subsequently, a geodynamic model was set-up and parametrized from the previously obtained 3D structure and composition. We do not find a unambigous correlation between the resulting density configuration and terrane boundaries proposed by other authors. Our models reproduce the observed Bouguer anomaly and deformation patterns in the foreland. We find that thin-skinned deformation in the Subandean fold-and thrust belt is controlled by a thick sedimentary layer and coeval underthrusting of thin crust of the foreland beneath the thick crust of the Andean Plateau. In the adjacent thick-skinned deformation province of the inverted Cretaceous extensional Santa Barbara System sedimentary strata are much thinner and crustal thickness transitions from greater values in the Andean to a more reduced thickness in the foreland. Our results show that deformation processes occur where the highest gradients of lithospheric strength are present between the orogen and the foreland, thus suggesting a spatial correlation between deformation and lithospheric strength.show moreshow less

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Author details:Federico IbarraORCiD, Sibiao LiuORCiDGND, Christian MeeßenORCiDGND, Claudia Beatriz PrezziORCiD, Judith BottORCiDGND, Magdalena Scheck-WenderothORCiDGND, Stephan Vladimir SobolevORCiDGND, Manfred StreckerORCiDGND
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2019.06.025
ISSN:0040-1951
ISSN:1879-3266
Title of parent work (English):Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth
Publisher:Elsevier
Place of publishing:Amsterdam
Publication type:Article
Language:English
Date of first publication:2019/07/03
Publication year:2019
Release date:2020/11/09
Tag:Central Andes; Deformation; Geodynamic modelling; Gravity modelling; Lithospheric structure
Volume:766
Number of pages:16
First page:453
Last Page:468
Funding institution:CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)German Research Foundation (DFG); Federal State of Brandenburg within the framework of the International Research Training Group IGK2018 "SuRfAce processes, TEctonics and Georesources: The Andean foreland basin of Argentina" (StRATEGy)"
Organizational units:Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät / Institut für Geowissenschaften
DDC classification:5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 55 Geowissenschaften, Geologie / 550 Geowissenschaften
Peer review:Referiert
Institution name at the time of the publication:Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät / Institut für Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften
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