TY - JOUR A1 - Thalhammer, Anja A1 - Hundertmark, Michaela A1 - Popova, Antoaneta V. A1 - Seckler, Robert A1 - Hincha, Dirk K. T1 - Interaction of two intrinsically disordered plant stress proteins (COR15A and COR15B) with lipid membranes in the dry state N2 - COR15A and COR15B form a tandem repeat of highly homologous genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Both genes are highly cold induced and the encoded proteins belong to the Pfam LEA_4 group (group 3) of the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins. Both proteins were predicted to be intrinsically disordered in solution. Only COR15A has previously been characterized and it was shown to be localized in the soluble stroma fraction of chloroplasts. Ectopic expression of COR15A in Arabidopsis resulted in increased freezing tolerance of both chloroplasts after freezing and thawing of intact leaves and of isolated protoplasts frozen and thawed in vitro. In the present study we have generated recombinant mature COR15A and COR15B for a comparative study of their structure and possible function as membrane protectants. CD spectroscopy showed that both proteins are predominantly unstructured in solution and mainly a-helical after drying. Both proteins showed similar effects on the thermotropic phase behavior of dry liposomes. A decrease in the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition temperature depended on both the unsaturation of the fatty acyl chains and lipid headgroup structure. FTIR spectroscopy indicated no strong interactions between the proteins and the lipid phosphate and carbonyl groups, but significant interactions with the galactose headgroup of the chloroplast lipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. These findings were rationalized by modeling the secondary structure of COR15A and COR15B. Helical wheel projection indicated the presence of amphipathic a-helices in both proteins. The helices lacked a clear separation of positive and negative charges on the hydrophilic face, but contained several hydroxylated amino acids. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00052736 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.05.015 SN - 0005-2736 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andres, Dorothee A1 - Baxa, Ulrich A1 - Hanke, Christin A1 - Seckler, Robert A1 - Barbirz, Stefanie T1 - Carbohydrate binding of Salmonella phage P22 tailspike protein and its role during host cell infection N2 - TSPs (tailspike proteins) are essential infection organelles of bacteriophage P22. Upon infection, P22TSP binds to and cleaves the O-antigen moiety of the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) of its Salmonella host To elucidate the role of TSP during infection, we have studied binding to oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of Salmonella enteric Typhimurium and Enteritidis in vitro. P22TSP is a trimeric beta-helical protein with a carbohydrate-binding site on each subunit. Octasaccharide O-antigen fragments bind to P22TSP with micromolar dissociation constants. Moreover, P22TSP is an endorhamnosidase and cleaves the host O-antigen. Catalytic residues lie at the periphery of the high-affinity binding site, which enables unproductive binding modes, resulting in slow hydrolysis. However, the role of this hydrolysis function during infection remains unclear. Binding of polysaccharide to P22TSP is of high avidity with slow dissociation rates when compared with oligosaccharides. In vivo, the infection of Salmonella with phage P22 can be completely inhibited by the addition of LPS, indicating that binding of phage to its host via TSP is an essential step for infection. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1042/Bst0381386 SN - 0300-5127 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kuperman, Victor A1 - Dambacher, Michael A1 - Nuthmann, Antje A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - The effect of word position on eye-movements in sentence and paragraph reading N2 - The present study explores the role of the word position-in-text in sentence and paragraph reading. Three eye-movement data sets based on the reading of Dutch and German unrelated sentences reveal a sizeable, replicable increase in reading times over several words in the beginning and the end of sentences. The data from the paragraphbased English-language Dundee corpus replicate the pattern and also indicate that the increase in inspection times is driven by the visual boundaries of the text organized in lines, rather than by syntactic sentence boundaries. We argue that this effect is independent of several established lexical, contextual and oculomotor predictors of eye-movement behavior. We also provide evidence that the effect of word position-intext has two independent components: a start-up effect arguably caused by a strategic oculomotor program of saccade planning over the line of text, and a wrap-up effect originating in cognitive processes of comprehension and semantic integration. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 235 KW - eye movements KW - word processing KW - sentence processing Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-56828 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiße, Andrea Y. A1 - Middleton, Richard H. A1 - Huisinga, Wilhelm T1 - Quantifying uncertainty, variability and likelihood for ordinary differential equation models N2 - Background: In many applications, ordinary differential equation (ODE) models are subject to uncertainty or variability in initial conditions and parameters. Both, uncertainty and variability can be quantified in terms of a probability density function on the state and parameter space. Results: The partial differential equation that describes the evolution of this probability density function has a form that is particularly amenable to application of the well- known method of characteristics. The value of the density at some point in time is directly accessible by the solution of the original ODE extended by a single extra dimension (for the value of the density). This leads to simple methods for studying uncertainty, variability and likelihood, with significant advantages over more traditional Monte Carlo and related approaches especially when studying regions with low probability. Conclusions: While such approaches based on the method of characteristics are common practice in other disciplines, their advantages for the study of biological systems have so far remained unrecognized. Several examples illustrate performance and accuracy of the approach and its limitations. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.biomedcentral.com/1752-0509/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-0509-4-144 SN - 1752-0509 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hohenstein, Sven A1 - Laubrock, Jochen A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Semantic preview benefit in eye movements during reading: a parafoveal past-priming study N2 - Eye movements in reading are sensitive to foveal and parafoveal word features. Whereas the influence of orthographic or phonological parafoveal information on gaze control is undisputed, there has been no reliable evidence for early parafoveal extraction of semantic information in alphabetic script. Using a novel combination of the gaze-contingent fast-priming and boundary paradigms, we demonstrate semantic preview benefit when a semantically related parafoveal word was available during the initial 125 ms of a fixation on the pre-target word (Experiments 1 and 2). When the target location was made more salient, significant parafoveal semantic priming occurred only at 80 ms (Experiment 3). Finally, with short primes only (20, 40, 60 ms) effects were not significant but numerically in the expected direction for 40 and 60 ms (Experiment 4). In all experiments, fixation durations on the target word increased with prime durations under all conditions. The evidence for extraction of semantic information from the parafoveal word favors an explanation in terms of parallel word processing in reading. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 261 KW - eye movements KW - reading KW - parafoveal preview KW - semantic priming Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57203 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hohenstein, Sven A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Semantic preview benefit in eye movements during reading : a parafoveal fast-priming study N2 - Eye movements in reading are sensitive to foveal and parafoveal word features. Whereas the influence of orthographic or phonological parafoveal information on gaze control is undisputed, there has been no reliable evidence for early parafoveal extraction of semantic information in alphabetic script. Using a novel combination of the gaze- contingent fast-priming and boundary paradigms, we demonstrate semantic preview benefit when a semantically related parafoveal word was available during the initial 125 ms of a fixation on the pretarget word (Experiments 1 and 2). When the target location was made more salient, significant parafoveal semantic priming occurred only at 80 ms (Experiment 3). Finally, with short primes only (20, 40, 60 ms), effects were not significant but were numerically in the expected direction for 40 and 60 ms (Experiment 4). In all experiments, fixation durations on the target word increased with prime durations under all conditions. The evidence for extraction of semantic information from the parafoveal word favors an explanation in terms of parallel word processing in reading. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/xlm/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/A0020233 SN - 0278-7393 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Graf, Philipp A1 - Dolzblasz, Alicja A1 - Würschum, Tobias A1 - Lenhard, Michael A1 - Pfreundt, Ulrike A1 - Laux, Thomas T1 - MGOUN1 encodes an Arabidopsis type Ib DNA topoisomerase required in stem cell regulation and to maintain develpmentally regulated gene silencing Y1 - 2010 SN - 1040-4651 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Mischke, Steffen A1 - Meyer, Hanno A1 - Plessen, Birgit A1 - Zhang, Chengjun T1 - Lake nutrient variability inferred from elemental (C, N, S) and isotopic (delta C-13, delta N-15) analyses of aquatic plant macrofossils N2 - This paper aims to highlight the potential of using elemental and stable isotope analyses of aquatic macrophytes in palaeolimnological studies. Potamogeton pectinatus material was collected from modem plants (n=68) and from late glacial and Holocene-aged sediments from Koucha Lake (northeastern Tibetan Plateau; 34.0 degrees N; 97.2 degrees E; 4540 m a.s.l.). It was analyzed for delta C-13(Potamogeton) (modern: -23 to 0 parts per thousand, fossil: -19 to -4 parts per thousand) and delta N-15(Potamogeton) (modern: -11.0 to +13.8 parts per thousand, fossil: -9.5 to +6.7 parts per thousand) in addition to elemental carbon and nitrogen (modem C/N-Potamogeton: 7 to 29; fossil: 13 to 68) and sulfur (fossil: 188-899 mu mol/g dry weight). Fossil data were interpreted in terms of palaeo-nutrient availability and palaeo-productivity based on the modem relationships between various proxies and certain environmental data. Productivity of Potamogeton pectinatus mats at Koucha Lake as indicated by palaeo-epsilon(Potamogeton-TIC) (i.e. the enrichment of delta C-13(Potamogeton) relative to the delta(CTIC)-C-13) was reduced during periods of high conductivity, especially between 10.3 and 7.4 cal kyr BP. Potamogeton pectinatus material from these periods was also characterized by high S-Potamogeton indicating high sulfide concentrations and anoxic conditions within the sediments. However, C/N- Potamogeton ratios and delta N-15(Potamogeton) from the lower core section were found to have been altered by decompositional processes. A pronounced shift in the aquatic productivity of Lake Koucha occurred at similar to 7.4 cal kyr BP when the hydrological conditions shifted towards an open lake system and water depth increased. At this time a strong increase in productivity led to a strong decrease in the water HCO3- concentration as inferred from the application of a epsilon-(Potamogeton-TIC)-InHCO3- transfer function. A comparison of reconstructed productivity changes from Koucha Lake with further environmental proxies suggests that primary productivity changes are probably a function of internal lake dynamics and were only indirectly triggered by climate change. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02773791 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.011 SN - 0277-3791 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Birks, H. John B. A1 - Mischke, Steffen A1 - Zhang, Chengjun A1 - Böhner, Jürgen T1 - A modern pollen-climate calibration set based on lake sediments from the Tibetan Plateau and its application to a Late Quaternary pollen record from the Qilian Mountains N2 - Aim: Fossil pollen spectra from lake sediments on the Tibetan Plateau have been used for qualitative climate reconstruction, but no modern pollen-climate calibration set based on lake sediments is available to infer past climate quantitatively. This study aims to develop such a dataset and apply it to fossil data. Location: The Tibetan Plateau, between 30 and 40 degrees N and 87 and 103 degrees E. Methods: We collected surface sediments from 112 lakes and analysed them palynologically. The lakes span a wide range of mean annual precipitation (P-ann; 31-1022 mm), mean annual temperature (T-ann; -6.5 to 1 degrees C), and mean July temperature (T-July; 2.6-19.7 degrees C). Redundancy analysis showed that the modern pollen spectra are characteristic of their respective vegetation types and local climate. Transfer functions for P-ann, T-ann and T-July were developed with weighted averaging partial least squares. Model performance was assessed by leave-one-out cross-validation. Results: The root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) were 104 mm (P-ann), 1.18 degrees C (T-ann) and 1.17 degrees C (T-July). The RMSEPs, when expressed as percentages of the gradient sampled, were 10.6% (P-ann), 15.7% (T-ann) and 11.9% (T-July). These low values indicate the good performance of our models. An application of the models to fossil pollen spectra covering the last c. 50 kyr yielded realistic results for Luanhaizi Lake in the Qilian Mountains on the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau (modern P-ann 480 mm; T-ann-1 degrees C). T-ann and P-ann values similar to present ones were reconstructed for late Marine Isotope Stage 3, with minimum values for the Last Glacial Maximum (c. 300 mm and 2 degrees C below present), and maximum values for the early Holocene (c. 70 mm and 0.5 degrees C greater than present). Main conclusions: The modern pollen-climate calibration set will potentially be useful for quantitative climate reconstructions from lake-sediment pollen spectra from the Tibetan Plateau, an area of considerable climatic and biogeographical importance. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/issn?DESCRIPTOR=PRINTISSN&VALUE=0305-0270 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02245.x SN - 0305-0270 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Mischke, Steffen A1 - Meyer, Hanno A1 - Plessen, Birgit A1 - Zhang, Chengjun T1 - Using variations in the stable carbon isotope composition of macrophyte remains to quantify nutrient dynamics in lakes N2 - The apparent isotope enrichment factor epsilon(macrophyte) of submerged plants (epsilon(macrophyte-DIC) = delta C-13(macrophyte) - delta C-13(DIC)) is indicative of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) supply in neutral to alkaline waters and is related to variations in aquatic productivity (Papadimitriou et al. in Limnol Oceanogr 50:1084-1095, 2005). This paper aims to evaluate the usage of epsilon(macrophyte) inferred from isotopic analyses of submerged plant fossils in addition to analyses of lake carbonate as a palaeolimnological proxy for former HCO3 (-) concentrations. Stable carbon isotopic analysis of modern Potamogeton pectinatus leaves and its host water DIC from the Tibetan Plateau and Central Yakutia (Russia) yielded values between -23.3 and +0.4aEuro degrees and between +14.0 and +6.5aEuro degrees, respectively. Values of epsilon (Potamogeton-DIC) (range -15.4 to +1.1aEuro degrees) from these lakes are significantly correlated with host water HCO3 (-) concentration (range 78-2,200 mg/l) (r = -0.86; P < 0.001), thus allowing for the development of a transfer function. Palaeo-epsilon (Potamogeton-ostracods) values from Luanhaizi Lake on the NE Tibetan Plateau, as inferred from the stable carbon isotope measurement of fossil Potamogeton pectinatus seeds (range -24 to +2.8aEuro degrees) and ostracods (range -7.8 to +7.5%) range between -14.8 and 1.6aEuro degrees. Phases of assumed disequilibrium between delta C-13(DIC) and delta C-13(ostracods) known to occur in charophyte swards (as indicated by the deposition of charophyte fossils) were excluded from the analysis of palaeo-epsilon. The application of the epsilon (Potamogeton-DIC)-HCO3 (-) transfer function yielded a median palaeo-HCO3 (-) -concentration of 290 mg/l. Variations in the dissolved organic carbon supply compare well with aquatic plant productivity changes and lake level variability as inferred from a multiproxy study of the same record including analyses of plant macrofossils, ostracods, carbonate and organic content. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/100294 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9365-0 SN - 0921-2728 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Birks, H. John B. A1 - Liu, Xingqi A1 - Kubatzki, Claudia A1 - Lohmann, Gerrit T1 - Retracted: What caused the mid-Holocene forest decline on the eastern Tibet-Qinghai Plateau? N2 - Aim: Atmospheric CO2 concentrations depend, in part, on the amount of biomass locked up in terrestrial vegetation. Information on the causes of a broad-scale vegetation transition and associated loss of biomass is thus of critical interest for understanding global palaeoclimatic changes. Pollen records from the north-eastern Tibet-Qinghai Plateau reveal a dramatic and extensive forest decline beginning c. 6000 cal. yr bp. The aim of this study is to elucidate the causes of this regional-scale change from high-biomass forest to low-biomass steppe on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau during the second half of the Holocene. Location: Our study focuses on the north-eastern Tibet-Qinghai Plateau. Stratigraphical data used are from Qinghai Lake (3200 m a.s.l., 36 degrees 32'-37 degrees 15' N, 99 degrees 36'-100 degrees 47' E). Methods: We apply a modern pollen-precipitation transfer function from the eastern and north-eastern Tibet-Qinghai Plateau to fossil pollen spectra from Qinghai Lake to reconstruct annual precipitation changes during the Holocene. The reconstructions are compared to a stable oxygen-isotope record from the same sediment core and to results from two transient climate model simulations. Results: The pollen-based precipitation reconstruction covering the Holocene parallels moisture changes inferred from the stable oxygen-isotope record. Furthermore, these results are in close agreement with simulated model-based past annual precipitation changes. Main conclusions: In the light of these data and the model results, we conclude that it is not necessary to attribute the broad-scale forest decline to human activity. Climate change as a result of changes in the intensity of the East Asian Summer Monsoon in the mid-Holocene is the most parsimonious explanation for the widespread forest decline on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau. Moreover, climate feedback from a reduced forest cover accentuates increasingly drier conditions in the area, indicating complex vegetation-climate interactions during this major ecological change. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/issn?DESCRIPTOR=PRINTISSN&VALUE=1466-822X U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00501.x SN - 1466-822X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Birks, H. John B. T1 - Evaluating the indicator value of Tibetan pollen taxa for modern vegetation and climate N2 - Pollen taxa of known indicator value are of great potential in the qualitative interpretation of pollen diagrams. Here we apply several numerical approaches to a lake-sediment based pollen data-set from the eastern and central Tibetan Plateau (112 samples) to assess the indicator value of Tibetan pollen taxa for modem vegetation types and for modern climate. Results from Multi-Response Permutation Procedures indicate that the differences between groups of pollen spectra originating from the same vegetation type (temperate desert, temperate steppe, alpine desert, alpine steppe, high-alpine meadow, subalpine shrub, and patchy forest) are statistically significant. Indicator Species Analyses identify several indicator taxa for most vegetation types. Multivariate regression tree analysis indicates that about 390 mm of annual precipitation is the most critical threshold for the modern pollen spectra. This roughly separates desert and steppe vegetation from high-alpine meadow, subalpine shrub, and patchy forest vegetation. A strong pollen-climate relationship on the Tibetan Plateau is confirmed by the large number of statistically significant pollen taxa-climate (annual precipitation or/and annual temperature) relationships as evaluated by statistical response- modelling, involving generalised linear models. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00346667 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.02.016 SN - 0034-6667 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laubrock, Jochen A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Rolfs, Martin A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - When do microsaccades follow spatial attention? N2 - Following up on an exchange about the relation between microsaccades and spatial attention (Horowitz, Fencsik, Fine, Yurgenson, & Wolfe, 2007; Horowitz, Fine, Fencsik, Yurgenson, & Wolfe, 2007; Laubrock, Engbert, Rolfs, & Kliegl, 2007), we examine the effects of selection criteria and response modality. We show that for Posner cuing with saccadic responses, microsaccades go with attention in at least 75% of cases (almost 90% if probability matching is assumed) when they are first (or only) microsaccades in the cue target interval and when they occur between 200 and 400 msec after the cue. The relation between spatial attention and the direction of microsaccades drops to chance level for unselected microsaccades collected during manual-response conditions. Analyses of data from four cross-modal cuing experiments demonstrate an above-chance, intermediate link for visual cues, but no systematic relation for auditory cues. Thus, the link between spatial attention and direction of microsaccades depends on the experimental condition and time of occurrence, but it can be very strong. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://app.psychonomic-journals.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.3758/APP.72.3.683 SN - 1943-3921 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oberauer, Klaus A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Interferenz im Arbeitsgedächtnis : ein formales Modell Y1 - 2010 UR - http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/0033-3042 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0033-3042/a000008 SN - 0033-3042 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boeniger, Urs A1 - Tronicke, Jens T1 - On the potential of kinematic GPR surveying using a self-tracking total station : evaluating system crosstalk and latency N2 - In this paper, we present an efficient kinematic ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveying setup using a self- tracking total station (TTS). This setup combines the ability of modern GPR systems to interface with Global Positioning System (GPS) and the capability of the employed TTS system to immediately make the positioning information available in a standardized GPS data format. Wireless communication between the GPR and the TTS system is established by using gain variable radio modems. Such a kinematic surveying setup faces two major potential limitations. First, possible crosstalk effects between the GPR and the positioning system have to be evaluated. Based on multiple walkaway experiments, we show that, for reasonable field setups, instrumental crosstalk has no significant impact on GPR data quality. Second, we investigate systematic latency (i.e., the time delay between the actual position measurement by TTS and its fusion with the GPR data) and its impact on the positional precision of kinematically acquired 2-D and 3-D GPR data. To quantify latency for our kinematic survey setup, we acquired forward-reverse profile pairs across a well-known subsurface target. Comparing the forward and reverse GPR images using three fidelity measures allows determining the optimum latency value and correcting for it. Accounting for both of these potential limitations allows us to kinematically acquire high- quality and high-precision GPR data using off-the-shelf instrumentation without further hardware modifications. Until now, these issues have not been investigated in detail, and thus, we believe that our findings have significant implications also for other geophysical surveying approaches. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?puNumber=36 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/Tgrs.2010.2048332 SN - 0196-2892 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boeniger, Urs A1 - Tronicke, Jens T1 - Integrated data analysis at an archaeological site : a case study using 3D GPR, magnetic, and high-resolution topographic data N2 - We have collected magnetic, 3D ground-penetrating-radar (GPR), and topographic data at an archaeological site within the Palace Garden of Paretz, Germany. The survey site covers an area of approximately 35 x 40 m across a hill structure (dips of up to 15 degrees) that is partly covered by trees. The primary goal of this study was to detect and locate the remains of ancient architectural elements, which, from historical records, were expected to be buried in the subsurface at this site. To acquire our geophysical data, we used a recently developed surveying approach that combines the magnetic and GPR instrument with a tracking total station (TTS). Besides efficient data acquisition, this approach provides positional information at an accuracy within the centimeter range. At the Paretz field site, this information was critical for processing and analyzing our geophysical data (in particular, GPR data) and enabled us to generate a high-resolution digital terrain model (DTM) of the surveyed area. Integrated analysis and interpretation based on composite images of the magnetic, 3D GPR, and high-resolution DTM data as well as selected attributes derived from these data sets allowed us to outline the remains of an artificial grotto and temple. Our work illustrates the benefit of using multiple surveying technologies, analyzing and interpreting the resulting data in an integrated fashion. It further demonstrates how modern surveying solutions allow for efficient, accurate data acquisition even in difficult terrain. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://geophysics.geoscienceworld.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3460432 SN - 0016-8033 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boeniger, Urs A1 - Tronicke, Jens T1 - Improving the interpretability of 3D GPR data using target-specific attributes : application to tomb detection N2 - Three-dimensional (3D) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) represents an efficient high-resolution geophysical surveying method allowing to explore archaeological sites in a non-destructive manner. To effectively analyze large 3D GPR data sets, their combination with modern visualization techniques (e.g., 3D isoamplitude displays) has been acknowledged to facilitate interpretation beyond classical time-slice analysis. In this study, we focus on the application of data attributes (namely energy, coherency, and similarity), originally developed for petroleum reservoir related problems addressed by reflection seismology, to emphasize temporal and spatial variations within GPR data cubes. Based on two case studies, we illustrate the potential of such attribute based analyses towards a more comprehensive 3D GPR data interpretation. The main goal of both case studies was to localize and potentially characterize tombs inside medieval chapels situated in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. By comparing the calculated data attributes to the conventionally processed data cubes, we demonstrate the superior interpretability of the coherency and the similarity attribute for target identification and characterization. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03054403 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.09.049 SN - 0305-4403 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boeniger, Urs A1 - Tronicke, Jens T1 - Improving the interpretability of 3D GPR data using target-specific attributes : application to tomb detection (vol 37, pg 360, 2009) N2 - Publisher's not Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03054403 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-4403(10)00046-4 SN - 0305-4403 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ming, Yan A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Shu, Hua A1 - Pan, Jinger A1 - Zhou, Xiaolin T1 - Parafoveal Load of Word N+1 Modulates Preprocessing Effectivenessof Word N+2 in Chinese Reading N2 - Preview benefits (PBs) from two words to the right of the fixated one (i.e., word N+2)and associated parafoveal-on-foveal effects are critical for proposals of distributed lexical processing during reading. This experiment examined parafoveal processing during reading of Chinese sentences, using a boundary manipulation of N+2-word preview with low- and high-frequency words N+1. The main findings were (a) an identity PB for word N+2 that was (b) primarily observed when word N+1 was of high frequency (i.e., an interaction between frequency of word N+1 and PB for word N+2), and (c) a parafoveal-on-foveal frequency effect of word N+1 for fixation durations on word N. We discuss implications for theories of serial attention shifts and parallel distributed processing of words during reading. T2 - Ming Yan; Reinhold Kliegl; Hua Shu; Jinger Pan; Xiaolin Zhou T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 250 Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57103 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arnold, Rafael A1 - Costachie, Silviu A1 - Dallapiazza, Michael A1 - Denz, Rebekka A1 - Feinberg, Anat A1 - Grözinger, Elvira A1 - Grözinger, Karl E. A1 - Hiscott, William A1 - Jegebäck, Per A1 - Jurewicz, Grażyna A1 - Jütte, Daniel A1 - Jütte, Robert A1 - Keidosiute, Elena A1 - Knufinke, Ulrich A1 - Lang, Stefan A1 - Lisek, Joanna A1 - Popescu, Diana I. A1 - Radosav, Maria A1 - Rüdlin, Ingedore A1 - Rutkowski, Anna A1 - Salner, Peter A1 - Szulc, Michał A1 - Talabardon, Susanne A1 - Visi, Tamás A1 - Wallach, Kerry ED - Denz, Rebekka ED - Jurewicz, Grażyna T1 - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. = Geographical Turn N2 - PaRDeS. Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V., möchte die fruchtbare und facettenreiche Kultur des Judentums sowie seine Berührungspunkte zur Umwelt in den unterschiedlichen Bereichen dokumentieren. Daneben dient die Zeitschrift als Forum zur Positionierung der Fächer Jüdische Studien und Judaistik innerhalb des wissenschaftlichen Diskurses sowie zur Diskussion ihrer historischen und gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung. N2 - PaRDeS. Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies e.V. The journal aims at documenting the fruitful and multifarious culture of Judaism as well as its relations to its environment within diverse areas of research. In addition, the journal is meant to promote Jewish Studies within academic discourse and discuss its historic and social responsibility. T3 - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. - 16 Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-42065 SN - 978-3-86956-055-7 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 16 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voigts, Manfred A1 - Riemer, Nathanael A1 - Jurewicz, Grażyna A1 - Denz, Rebekka T1 - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. [Sonderheft] = Bibliographie (1997-2009) N2 - PaRDeS. Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V., erscheint seit 1997. Zunächst als Vereinsblatt unter dem Titel VJS-Nachrichten macht sich das Periodikum seit seiner Umbenennung 2004 zur Aufgabe, die fruchtbare und facettenreiche Kultur des Judentums sowie seine Berührungspunkte zur Umwelt in den unterschiedlichen Bereichen zu dokumentieren. Daneben dient die Zeitschrift als Forum zur Positionierung der Fächer Jüdische Studien und Judaistik innerhalb des wissenschaftlichen Diskurses sowie zur Diskussion ihrer historischen und gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung. T3 - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. - Sonderheft Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41821 SN - 978-3-86956-056-4 SN - 1862-7684 SN - 1614-6492 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Denz, Rebekka T1 - Petra Ernst/Gerald Lamprecht (Hg.): Konzeptionen des Jüdischen : kollektive Entwürfe im Wandel (Schriften des Centrums für Jüdische Studien, Bd. 11) / [rezensiert von] Rebekka Denz JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. N2 - rezensiertes Werk: Konzeptionen des Jüdischen : kollektive Entwürfe im Wandel / Petra Ernst... (Hrsg.). - Innsbruck [u.a.] : Studien-Verl., 2009. - 478 S. : Ill. (Schriften des Centrums für Jüdische Studien ; 11) Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-43665 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 16 SP - 214 EP - 215 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Denz, Rebekka A1 - Jurewicz, Grażyna T1 - Geographical turn BT - editorial JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-43546 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 16 SP - 3 EP - 8 ER - TY - THES A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Optimierung und Erweiterung der Parallel-Seismik-Methode zur Bestimmung der Länge von Fundamentpfählen T1 - Optimization and extension of the parallel seismic method for the determination of foundation pile length N2 - Das Parallel-Seismik-Verfahren dient vor allem der nachträglichen Längenmessung von Fundamentpfählen oder ähnlichen Elementen zur Gründung von Bauwerken. Eine solche Messung wird beispielsweise notwendig, wenn ein Gebäude verstärkt, erhöht oder anders als bisher genutzt werden soll, aber keine Unterlagen mehr über die Fundamente vorhanden sind. Das Messprinzip des schon seit einigen Jahrzehnten bekannten Verfahrens ist relativ einfach: Auf dem Pfahlkopf wird meist durch Hammerschlag eine Stoßwelle erzeugt, die durch den Pfahl nach unten läuft. Dabei wird Energie in den Boden abgegeben. Die abgestrahlten Wellen werden von Sensoren in einem parallel zum Pfahl hergestellten Bohrloch registriert. Aus den Laufzeiten lassen sich die materialspezifischen Wellengeschwindigkeiten im Pfahl und im Boden sowie die Pfahllänge ermitteln. Bisher wurde meist ein sehr einfaches Verfahren zur Datenauswertung verwendet, das die Länge der Pfähle systematisch überschätzt. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurden die mathematisch-physikalischen Grundlagen beleuchtet und durch Computersimulation die Wellenausbreitung in Pfahl und Boden genau untersucht. Weitere Simulationen klärten den Einfluss verschiedener Mess- und Strukturparameter, beispielsweise den Einfluss von Bodenschichtung oder Fehlstellen im Pfahl. So konnte geklärt werden, in welchen Fällen mit dem Parallel-Seismik-Verfahren gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden können (z. B. bei Fundamenten in Sand oder Ton) und wo es an seine Grenzen stößt (z. B. bei Gründung im Fels). Auf Basis dieser Ergebnisse entstand ein neuer mathematischer Formalismus zur Auswertung der Laufzeiten. In Verbindung mit einem Verfahren zur Dateninversion, d. h. der automatischen Anpassung der Unbekannten in den Gleichungen an die Messergebnisse, lassen sich sehr viel genauere Werte für die Pfahllänge ermitteln als mit allen bisher publizierten Verfahren. Zudem kann man nun auch mit relativ großen Abständen zwischen Bohrloch und Pfahl (2 - 3 m) arbeiten. Die Methode wurde an simulierten Daten ausführlich getestet. Die Messmethode und das neue Auswerteverfahren wurden in einer Reihe praktischer Anwendungen getestet – und dies fast immer erfolgreich. Nur in einem Fall komplizierter Fundamentgeometrie bei gleichzeitig sehr hoher Anforderung an die Genauigkeit war schon nach Simulationen klar, dass hier ein Einsatz nicht sinnvoll ist. Dafür zeigte es sich, dass auch die Länge von Pfahlwänden und Spundwänden ermittelt werden kann. Die Parallel-Seismik-Methode funktioniert als einziges verfügbares Verfahren zur Fundamentlängenermittlung zugleich in den meisten Bodenarten sowie an metallischen und nichtmetallischen Fundamenten und kommt ohne Kalibrierung aus. Sie ist nun sehr viel breiter einsetzbar und liefert sehr viel genauere Ergebnisse. Die Simulationen zeigten noch Potential für Erweiterungen, zum Beispiel durch den Einsatz spezieller Sensoren, die zusätzliche Wellentypen empfangen und unterscheiden können. N2 - The Parallel Seismic (PS) method is used for determination of the unknown or undocumented depth/length of unknown foundations, mostly piles. Parallel Seismic is an established but rather not commonly used geophysical technique, which has been developed several decades ago. Currently, this method is standardized in France and included in the method catalog of the US FHWA. The principle behind PS is quite simple: an impulse is generated on top of the pile by a hammer stroke, generating elastic waves (mainly compressional) traveling downward through the pile. Due to the high impedance contrast between pile and soil, the main part of the energy remains in the pile, but some is transmitted as guided waves into the surrounding soil. After reaching the pile toe, transmitted/diffracted waves of nearly spherical front are generated. These waves are recorded by sensors (hydrophones or geophones) in a nearby borehole. From the first arrival times registered at the sensors, the apparent wave velocity is calculated, which is different above the pile toe (pile velocity) and below (soil velocity). In the conventional data analysis, the pile length is estimated based on the intersection of the two travel time branches, leading to a systematic overestimation of the length of the pile. This thesis provides a systematic treatise of the mathematical and physical foundations of wave propagation in piles and soil. Extensive numerical simulations and parametric studies have been carried out to investigate the nature of the wave-field and influence of measurement and structural parameters. The results revealed the range of applicability of Parallel Seismic, but also some limitations, e. g. in the case of rock socketed foundations or piles containing flaws. A new mathematical algorithm for data interpretation was developed based on the simulation results, which takes into account the soil layers and the borehole inclination. This novel data interpretation scheme was used in combination with different data inversion methods. A comparison of the results showed that the commonly used Levenberg-Marquardt type least squares approach gives sufficiently accurate estimations in most common scenarios. The VFSA (very fast simulated annealing) method offers some advantages (e. g. avoiding local minima under certain conditions) but is much more time consuming. The new interpretation method was successfully validated using several sets of simulated data. It proved to be not only more accurate than all other available methods, but also to extend the maximum allowable pile-borehole distance to 2 – 3 m. Besides the numerical study, several field investigations have been carried out for the purpose of this study and also in the framework of real world projects. The foundation types included secant pile walls and sheet piles. The method performed successfully in all cases but one: a highly accurate determination of the connection of a T-shaped footing. In this particular case, the inapplicability of the method was concluded after some preliminary simulations, thus avoiding unnecessary costs to the client. Performing simulations prior to the actual testing is recommended in dealing with all non-standard cases. Today, Parallel Seismic is the only method applicable on metallic and non metallic foundations which can be used without calibration. It has the largest range of all borehole methods. KW - Fundament KW - Pfahl KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Parallel Seismik KW - Inversion KW - foundation KW - pile KW - non-destructive testing KW - parallel seismic KW - inversion Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-49191 ER - TY - THES A1 - Böniger, Urs T1 - Attributes and their potential to analyze and interpret 3D GPR data T1 - Attribute und deren Potenzial zur Analyse und Interpretation von 3D Georadardaten N2 - Based on technological advances made within the past decades, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has become a well-established, non-destructive subsurface imaging technique. Catalyzed by recent demands for high-resolution, near-surface imaging (e.g., the detection of unexploded ordnances and subsurface utilities, or hydrological investigations), the quality of today's GPR-based, near-surface images has significantly matured. At the same time, the analysis of oil and gas related reflection seismic data sets has experienced significant advances. Considering the sensitivity of attribute analysis with respect to data positioning in general, and multi-trace attributes in particular, trace positioning accuracy is of major importance for the success of attribute-based analysis flows. Therefore, to study the feasibility of GPR-based attribute analyses, I first developed and evaluated a real-time GPR surveying setup based on a modern tracking total station (TTS). The combination of current GPR systems capability of fusing global positioning system (GPS) and geophysical data in real-time, the ability of modern TTS systems to generate a GPS-like positional output and wireless data transmission using radio modems results in a flexible and robust surveying setup. To elaborate the feasibility of this setup, I studied the major limitations of such an approach: system cross-talk and data delays known as latencies. Experimental studies have shown that when a minimal distance of ~5 m between the GPR and the TTS system is considered, the signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired GPR data using radio communication equals the one without radio communication. To address the limitations imposed by system latencies, inherent to all real-time data fusion approaches, I developed a novel correction (calibration) strategy to assess the gross system latency and to correct for it. This resulted in the centimeter trace accuracy required by high-frequency and/or three-dimensional (3D) GPR surveys. Having introduced this flexible high-precision surveying setup, I successfully demonstrated the application of attribute-based processing to GPR specific problems, which may differ significantly from the geological ones typically addressed by the oil and gas industry using seismic data. In this thesis, I concentrated on archaeological and subsurface utility problems, as they represent typical near-surface geophysical targets. Enhancing 3D archaeological GPR data sets using a dip-steered filtering approach, followed by calculation of coherency and similarity, allowed me to conduct subsurface interpretations far beyond those obtained by classical time-slice analyses. I could show that the incorporation of additional data sets (magnetic and topographic) and attributes derived from these data sets can further improve the interpretation. In a case study, such an approach revealed the complementary nature of the individual data sets and, for example, allowed conclusions about the source location of magnetic anomalies by concurrently analyzing GPR time/depth slices to be made. In addition to archaeological targets, subsurface utility detection and characterization is a steadily growing field of application for GPR. I developed a novel attribute called depolarization. Incorporation of geometrical and physical feature characteristics into the depolarization attribute allowed me to display the observed polarization phenomena efficiently. Geometrical enhancement makes use of an improved symmetry extraction algorithm based on Laplacian high-boosting, followed by a phase-based symmetry calculation using a two-dimensional (2D) log-Gabor filterbank decomposition of the data volume. To extract the physical information from the dual-component data set, I employed a sliding-window principle component analysis. The combination of the geometrically derived feature angle and the physically derived polarization angle allowed me to enhance the polarization characteristics of subsurface features. Ground-truth information obtained by excavations confirmed this interpretation. In the future, inclusion of cross-polarized antennae configurations into the processing scheme may further improve the quality of the depolarization attribute. In addition to polarization phenomena, the time-dependent frequency evolution of GPR signals might hold further information on the subsurface architecture and/or material properties. High-resolution, sparsity promoting decomposition approaches have recently had a significant impact on the image and signal processing community. In this thesis, I introduced a modified tree-based matching pursuit approach. Based on different synthetic examples, I showed that the modified tree-based pursuit approach clearly outperforms other commonly used time-frequency decomposition approaches with respect to both time and frequency resolutions. Apart from the investigation of tuning effects in GPR data, I also demonstrated the potential of high-resolution sparse decompositions for advanced data processing. Frequency modulation of individual atoms themselves allows to efficiently correct frequency attenuation effects and improve resolution based on shifting the average frequency level. GPR-based attribute analysis is still in its infancy. Considering the growing widespread realization of 3D GPR studies there will certainly be an increasing demand towards improved subsurface interpretations in the future. Similar to the assessment of quantitative reservoir properties through the combination of 3D seismic attribute volumes with sparse well-log information, parameter estimation in a combined manner represents another step in emphasizing the potential of attribute-driven GPR data analyses. N2 - Geophysikalische Erkundungsmethoden haben in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten eine weite Verbreitung bei der zerstörungsfreien beziehungsweise zerstörungsarmen Erkundung des oberflächennahen Untergrundes gefunden. Im Vergleich zur Vielzahl anderer existierender Verfahrenstypen ermöglicht das Georadar (auch als Ground Penetrating Radar bezeichnet) unter günstigen Standortbedingungen Untersuchungen mit der höchsten räumlichen Auflösung. Georadar zählt zu den elektromagnetischen (EM) Verfahren und beruht als Wellenverfahren auf der Ausbreitung von hochfrequenten EM-Wellen, das heisst deren Reflektion, Refraktion und Transmission im Untergrund. Während zweidimensionale Messstrategien bereits weit verbreitet sind, steigt gegenwärtig das Interesse an hochauflösenden, flächenhaften Messstrategien, die es erlauben, Untergrundstrukturen dreidimensional abzubilden. Ein dem Georadar prinzipiell ähnliches Verfahren ist die Reflexionsseismik, deren Hauptanwendung in der Lagerstättenerkundung liegt. Im Laufe des letzten Jahrzehnts führte der zunehmende Bedarf an neuen Öl- und Gaslagerstätten sowie die Notwendigkeit zur optimalen Nutzung existierender Reservoirs zu einer verstärkten Anwendung und Entwicklung sogenannter seismischer Attribute. Attribute repräsentieren ein Datenmaß, welches zu einer verbesserten visuellen Darstellung oder Quantifizierung von Dateneigenschaften führt die von Relevanz für die jeweilige Fragestellung sind. Trotz des Erfolgs von Attributanalysen bei reservoirbezogenen Anwendungen und der grundlegenden Ähnlichkeit von reflexionsseismischen und durch Georadar erhobenen Datensätzen haben attributbasierte Ansätze bisher nur eine geringe Verbreitung in der Georadargemeinschaft gefunden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, das Potential von Attributanalysen zur verbesserten Interpretation von Georadardaten zu untersuchen. Dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt auf Anwendungen aus der Archäologie und dem Ingenieurwesen. Der Erfolg von Attributen im Allgemeinen und von solchen mit Berücksichtigung von Nachbarschaftsbeziehungen im Speziellen steht in engem Zusammenhang mit der Genauigkeit, mit welcher die gemessenen Daten räumlich lokalisiert werden können. Vor der eigentlichen Attributuntersuchung wurden deshalb die Möglichkeiten zur kinematischen Positionierung in Echtzeit beim Georadarverfahren untersucht. Ich konnte zeigen, dass die Kombination von modernen selbstverfolgenden Totalstationen mit Georadarinstrumenten unter Verwendung von leistungsfähigen Funkmodems eine zentimetergenaue Positionierung ermöglicht. Experimentelle Studien haben gezeigt, dass die beiden potentiell limitierenden Faktoren - systeminduzierte Signalstöreffekte und Datenverzögerung (sogenannte Latenzzeiten) - vernachlässigt beziehungsweise korrigiert werden können. In der Archäologie ist die Untersuchung oberflächennaher Strukturen und deren räumlicher Gestalt wichtig zur Optimierung geplanter Grabungen. Das Georadar hat sich hierbei zu einem der wohl am meisten genutzten zerstörungsfreien geophysikalischen Verfahren entwickelt. Archäologische Georadardatensätze zeichnen sich jedoch oft durch eine hohe Komplexität aus, was mit der wiederholten anthropogenen Nutzung des oberflächennahen Untergrundes in Verbindung gebracht werden kann. In dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Verwendung zweier unterschiedlicher Attribute zur Beschreibung der Variabilität zwischen benachbarten Datenspuren eine deutlich verbesserte Interpretation in Bezug auf die Fragestellung ermöglicht. Des Weiteren konnte ich zeigen, dass eine integrative Auswertung von mehreren Datensätzen (methodisch sowie bearbeitungstechnisch) zu einer fundierteren Interpretation führen kann, zum Beispiel bei komplementären Informationen der Datensätze. Im Ingenieurwesen stellen Beschädigungen oder Zerstörungen von Versorgungsleitungen im Untergrund eine große finanzielle Schadensquelle dar. Polarisationseffekte, das heisst Änderungen der Signalamplitude in Abhängigkeit von Akquisitions- sowie physikalischen Parametern stellen ein bekanntes Phänomen dar, welches in der Anwendung bisher jedoch kaum genutzt wird. In dieser Arbeit wurde gezeigt, wie Polarisationseffekte zu einer verbesserten Interpretation verwendet werden können. Die Überführung von geometrischen und physikalischen Attributen in ein neues, so genanntes Depolarisationsattribut hat gezeigt, wie unterschiedliche Leitungstypen extrahiert und anhand ihrer Polarisationscharakteristika klassifiziert werden können. Weitere wichtige physikalische Charakteristika des Georadarwellenfeldes können mit dem Matching Pursuit-Verfahren untersucht werden. Dieses Verfahren hatte in den letzten Jahren einen großen Einfluss auf moderne Signal- und Bildverarbeitungsansätze. Matching Pursuit wurde in der Geophysik bis jetzt hauptsächlich zur hochauflösenden Zeit-Frequenzanalyse verwendet. Anhand eines modifizierten Tree-based Matching Pursuit Algorithmus habe ich demonstriert, welche weiterführenden Möglichkeiten solche Datenzerlegungen für die Bearbeitung und Interpretation von Georadardaten eröffnen. Insgesamt zeigt diese Arbeit, wie moderne Vermessungstechniken und attributbasierte Analysestrategien genutzt werden können um dreidimensionale Daten effektiv und genau zu akquirieren beziehungsweise die resultierenden Datensätze effizient und verlässlich zu interpretieren. KW - Attributanalyse KW - Georadar KW - Bildbearbeitung KW - attribute analysis KW - ground penetrating radar KW - image processing Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-50124 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Ming A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Shu, Hua A1 - Pan, Jinger A1 - Zhou, Xiaolin T1 - Parafoveal load of word N+1 modulates preprocessing effectiveness of word N+2 in chinese reading Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019329 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Ming A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Richter, Eike M. A1 - Nuthmann, Antje A1 - Shu, Hua T1 - Flexible saccade-target selection in Chinese reading N2 - As Chinese is written without orthographical word boundaries (i.e., spaces), it is unclear whether saccade targets are selected on the basis of characters or words and whether saccades are aimed at the beginning or the centre of words. Here, we report an experiment where 30 Chinese readers read 150 sentences while their eye movements were monitored. They exhibited a strong tendency to fixate at the word centre in single-fixation cases and at the word beginning in multiple-fixation cases. Different from spaced alphabetic script, initial fixations falling at the end of words were no more likely to be followed by a refixation than initial fixations at word centre. Further, single fixations were shorter than first fixations in two-fixation cases, which is opposite to what is found in Roman script. We propose that Chinese readers dynamically select the beginning or centre of words as saccade targets depending on failure or success with segmentation of parafoveal word boundaries. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t716100704~db=all U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210903114858 SN - 1747-0218 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Wei, Ping A1 - Dambacher, Michael A1 - Yan, Ming A1 - Zhou, Xiaolin T1 - Experimental effects and individual differences in linear mixed models: estimating the relationship between spatial, object, and attraction effects in visual attention Y1 - 2010 UR - http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00238/full U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00238 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Schmidt, Thorsten Ingo T1 - Verfassungsprozessrecht T3 - Prüfe dein Wissen : Rechtsfälle in der Frage und Antwort Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-406-60336-5 VL - 34 PB - Beck CY - München ER - TY - THES A1 - Ganzert, Lars T1 - Bacterial diverity and adaption in permafrost-affected soils of maritime Antartica and Northeast Greenland Y1 - 2010 CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lohmann, Daniel A1 - Stacey, Nicola A1 - Breuninger, Holger A1 - Jikumaru, Yusuke A1 - Müller, Dörte A1 - Sicard, Adrien A1 - Leyser, Ottoline A1 - Yamaguchi, Shinjiro A1 - Lenhard, Michael T1 - SLOW MOTION is required for within-plant auxin homeostasis and normal timing of lateral organ initiation at the shoot meristem in Arabidopsis Y1 - 2010 SN - 1040-4651 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heister, Julian A1 - Bartels, Luise A1 - Heide, Judith A1 - Würzner, Kay-Michael T1 - Analysemethode und Datengrundlage können die Ergebnisse beeinflussen : selektiver Einfluss der Stammfrequenzen für ver-präfigierte Verben Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heide, Judith T1 - Warum vertragen anders ist als vergiften und vergessen : ein Einblick in unser mentales Lexikon Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lehmann, Andreas A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Hermanussen, Michael T1 - The variation in age at menarche : an indicator of historic developmental tempo N2 - Ample literature describes the history of the association between the advances in the health and wealth of people, and mortality rates, life expectancy and adult height. Twentynine German studies with n > 200 subjects published since 1848 on menarcheal age, were reanalyzed, and 101 studies from various other European and non-European countries. On average, mean age at menarche declined since the mid-19(th) century. Historic urban samples tended to decline earlier than rural groups, upper class women earlier than working class women. In Germany, minimum values for the age at menarche were seen already between the two World Wars (Leipzig 12.6 years in 1934, Halle 13.3 years in 1939). Values for mean age and SD for age at menarche were strongly associated. With improving historic circumstances, the two parameters declined in parallel. The standard deviation for menarcheal age dropped from over 2.5 years in mid-19th century France to little more or even less than 1 year in most modern countries. In the German studies the correlation between menarcheal age and SD was almost complete with r = 0.96 (y = 0.35x - 3.53). Similar associations between mean age at menarche and SD for age were found in other European countries. The obvious and immediate effects of historic events on menarcheal age, and particularly on the age distribution, indicate that menarche is a sensitive indicator of public health and wealth, and may be an appropriate estimator for the socio-economic background of historic populations. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/schweiz/aa U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0003-5548/2010/0086 SN - 0003-5548 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lehmann, Andreas A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Hermanussen, Michael T1 - Evidence of seasonal variation in longitudinal growth of height in a sample of boys from Stuttgart Carlsschule, 1771-1793, using combined principal component analysis and maximum likelihood principle N2 - Recent progress in modelling individual growth has been achieved by combining the principal component analysis and the maximum likelihood principle. This combination models growth even in incomplete sets of data and in data obtained at irregular intervals. We re-analysed late 18th century longitudinal growth of German boys from the boarding school Carlsschule in Stuttgart. The boys aged 6-23 years, were measured at irregular 3-12 monthly intervals during the period 1771-1793. At the age of 18 years, mean height was 1652 mm, but height variation was large. The shortest boy reached 1474 mm, the tallest 1826 mm. Measured height closely paralleled modelled height, with mean difference of 4 mm, SD 7 mm. Seasonal height variation was found. Low growth rates occurred in spring and high growth rates in summer and autumn. The present study demonstrates that combining the principal component analysis and the maximum likelihood principle enables growth modelling in historic height data also. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0018442X U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchb.2009.11.003 SN - 0018-442X ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Salzer, Dorothea M. T1 - Die Magie der Anspielung : Form und Funktion biblischer Anspielungen in den magischen Texten aus der Kairoer Geniza T3 - Texte und Studien zum antiken Judentum N2 - Dorothea M. Salzer untersucht die Verwendung von Bibelzitaten und -anspielungen in den hebraeischen und aramaeischen magischen Texten, die sich unter den aus der Kairoer Geniza geborgenen Handschriften finden. Die Texte datieren in die Zeit vom 10. bis zum 16. Jh. Anspielungen auf die Hebraeische Bibel spielen in fast allen diesen magischen Texten eine wichtige Rolle, sind aber bisher niemals Gegenstand einer grundlegenden und umfassenden Analyse gewesen. Vor dem Hintergrund der Intertextualitaetstheorie stellt die Autorin dar, wie die Verfasser der Texte biblische Zitate und andere Anspielungen zu magischen und rhetorischen Zwecken einsetzten und sie als magisch wirksames Mittel verwendeten. Sie erlaeutert damit, inwiefern diese Anspielungen fuer das Verstaendnis der magischen Texte bedeutsam sind. In einem Anhang werden die in den untersuchten Texten auftretenden biblischen Anspielungen uebersichtlich dargestellt. Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-16-150046-6 VL - 134 PB - Mohr Siebeck CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aichert, Ingrid A1 - Staiger, Anja A1 - Schulte-Mäter, Anne A1 - Becker-Redding, Ulrike A1 - Stahn, Corinna A1 - Peschke, Claudia A1 - Heide, Judith A1 - Ott, Susan A1 - Herrmann, Heike A1 - Völsch, Juliane A1 - Mayer, Jörg A1 - Rohnke, Lucie A1 - Frank, Ulrike A1 - Stadie, Nicole A1 - Jentsch, Nadine A1 - Blech, Anke A1 - Kurtenbach, Stephanie A1 - Thieke, Johanna A1 - Schröder, Astrid A1 - Stahn, Corinna A1 - Hörnig, Robin A1 - Burchert, Frank A1 - De Bleser, Ria A1 - Heister, Julian A1 - Bartels, Luise A1 - Würzner, Kay-Michael A1 - Böhme, Romy A1 - Burmester, Juliane A1 - Krajewski, Melanie A1 - Nager, Wido A1 - Jungehülsing, Gerhard Jan A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell A1 - Jöbges, Michael A1 - Schwilling, Eleonore A1 - Lidzba, Karen A1 - Winkler, Susanne A1 - Konietzko, Andreas A1 - Krägeloh-Mann, Ingeborg A1 - Rilling, Eva A1 - Wilken, Rainer A1 - Wismann, Kathrin A1 - Glandorf, Birte A1 - Hoffmann, Hannah A1 - Hinnenkamp, Christiane A1 - Rohlmann, Insa A1 - Ludewigt, Jacqueline A1 - Bittner, Christian A1 - Orlov, Tatjana A1 - Claus, Katrin A1 - Ehemann, Christine A1 - Winnecken, Andreas A1 - Hummel, Katja A1 - Breitenstein, Sarah ED - Wahl, Michael ED - Stahn, Corinna ED - Hanne, Sandra ED - Fritzsche, Tom T1 - Spektrum Patholinguistik = Schwerpunktthema: Von der Programmierung zur Artikulation : Sprechapraxie bei Kindern und Erwachsenen N2 - Das 3. Herbsttreffen Patholinguistik fand am 21. November 2009 an der Universität Potsdam statt. Der vorliegende Tagungsband enthält die drei Hauptvorträge zum Schwerpunktthema „Von der Programmierung zu Artikulation: Sprechapraxie bei Kindern und Erwachsenen“. Darüber hinaus enthält der Band die Beiträge aus dem Spektrum Patholinguistik, sowie die Abstracts der Posterpräsentationen. N2 - The 3rd Herbsttreffen Patholinguistik was held on November 21st, 2009 at the University of Potsdam. These proceedings contain the three main lectures of the central topic „From programming to articulation: Apraxia of speech of children and adults “. Additionally this volume contains the contributions of Spektrum Patholinguistik, as well as the abstracts of the poster presentations. T3 - Spektrum Patholinguistik - 3 KW - Patholinguistik KW - Sprechapraxie KW - Sprachtherapie KW - patholinguistics KW - apraxia of speech KW - speech and language therapy Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-45470 SN - 978-3-86956-079-3 SN - 1869-3822 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 3 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heide, Judith T1 - Warum vertragen anders ist als vergiften und vergessen BT - ein Einblick in unser mentales Lexikon JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46959 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1866-9085 VL - 3 SP - 71 EP - 88 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heister, Julian A1 - Bartels, Luise A1 - Heide, Judith A1 - Würzner, Kay-Michael T1 - Analysemethode und Datengrundlage können die Ergebnisse beeinflussen BT - selektiver Einfluss der Stammfrequenz für verpräfigierte Verben JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-47034 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 VL - 3 SP - 155 EP - 166 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Guse, Björn Felix T1 - Improving flood frequency analysis by integration of empirical and probabilistic regional envelope curves T1 - Verbesserung der Hochwasserstatistik durch eine Integration von empirischen und probabilistischen regionalen Hüllkurven N2 - Flood design necessitates discharge estimates for large recurrence intervals. However, in a flood frequency analysis, the uncertainty of discharge estimates increases with higher recurrence intervals, particularly due to the small number of available flood data. Furthermore, traditional distribution functions increase unlimitedly without consideration of an upper bound discharge. Hence, additional information needs to be considered which is representative for high recurrence intervals. Envelope curves which bound the maximum observed discharges of a region are an adequate regionalisation method to provide additional spatial information for the upper tail of a distribution function. Probabilistic regional envelope curves (PRECs) are an extension of the traditional empirical envelope curve approach, in which a recurrence interval is estimated for a regional envelope curve (REC). The REC is constructed for a homogeneous pooling group of sites. The estimation of this recurrence interval is based on the effective sample years of data considering the intersite dependence among all sites of the pooling group. The core idea of this thesis was an improvement of discharge estimates for high recurrence intervals by integrating empirical and probabilistic regional envelope curves into the flood frequency analysis. Therefore, the method of probabilistic regional envelope curves was investigated in detail. Several pooling groups were derived by modifying candidate sets of catchment descriptors and settings of two different pooling methods. These were used to construct PRECs. A sensitivity analysis shows the variability of discharges and the recurrence intervals for a given site due to the different assumptions. The unit flood of record which governs the intercept of PREC was determined as the most influential aspect. By separating the catchments into nested and unnested pairs, the calculation algorithm for the effective sample years of data was refined. In this way, the estimation of the recurrence intervals was improved, and therefore the use of different parameter sets for nested and unnested pairs of catchments is recommended. In the second part of this thesis, PRECs were introduced into a distribution function. Whereas in the traditional approach only discharge values are used, PRECs provide a discharge and its corresponding recurrence interval. Hence, a novel approach was developed, which allows a combination of the PREC results with the traditional systematic flood series while taking the PREC recurrence interval into consideration. An adequate mixed bounded distribution function was presented, which in addition to the PREC results also uses an upper bound discharge derived by an empirical envelope curve. By doing so, two types of additional information which are representative for the upper tail of a distribution function were included in the flood frequency analysis. The integration of both types of additional information leads to an improved discharge estimation for recurrence intervals between 100 and 1000 years. N2 - Abschätzungen von Abflüssen mit hohen Wiederkehrintervallen werden vor allem für die Bemessung von Extremhochwässern benötigt. In der Hochwasserstatistik bestehen insbesondere für hohe Wiederkehrintervalle große Unsicherheiten, da nur eine geringe Anzahl an Messwerten für Hochwasserereignisse verfügbar ist. Zudem werden zumeist Verteilungsfunktionen verwendet, die keine obere Grenze beinhalten. Daher müssen zusätzliche Informationen zu den lokalen Pegelmessungen berücksichtigt werden, die den Extrembereich einer Verteilungsfunktion abdecken. Hüllkurven ermitteln eine obere Grenze von Hochwasserabflüssen basierend auf beobachteten maximalen Abflusswerten. Daher sind sie eine geeignete Regionalisierungsmethode. Probabilistische regionale Hüllkurven sind eine Fortentwicklung des herkömmlichen Ansatzes der empirischen Hüllkurven. Hierbei wird einer Hüllkurve einer homogenen Region von Abflusspegeln ein Wiederkehrintervall zugeordnet. Die Berechnung dieses Wiederkehrintervalls basiert auf der effektiven Stichprobengröße und berücksichtigt die Korrelationsbeziehungen zwischen den Pegeln einer Region. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine Verbesserung der Abschätzung von Abflüssen mit großen Wiederkehrintervallen durch die Integration von empirischen und probabilistischen Hüllkurven in die Hochwasserstatistik. Hierzu wurden probabilistische Hüllkurven detailliert untersucht und für eine Vielzahl an homogenen Regionen konstruiert. Hierbei wurden verschiedene Kombinationen von Einzugsgebietsparametern und Variationen von zwei Gruppierungsmethoden verwendet. Eine Sensitivitätsanalyse zeigt die Variabilität von Abfluss und Wiederkehrintervall zwischen den Realisationen als Folge der unterschiedlichen Annahmen. Die einflussreichste Größe ist der maximale Abfluss, der die Höhe der Hüllkurve bestimmt. Eine Einteilung in genestete und ungenestete Einzugsgebiete führt zu einer genaueren Ermittlung der effektiven Stichprobe und damit zu einer verbesserten Abschätzung des Wiederkehrintervalls. Daher wird die Verwendung von zwei getrennten Parametersätzen für die Korrelationsfunktion zur Abschätzung des Wiederkehrintervalls empfohlen. In einem zweiten Schritt wurden die probabilistischen Hüllkurven in die Hochwasserstatistik integriert. Da in traditionellen Ansätzen nur Abflusswerte genutzt werden, wird eine neue Methode präsentiert, die zusätzlich zu den gemessenen Abflusswerten die Ergebnisse der probabilistischen Hüllkurve – Abfluss und zugehöriges Wiederkehrintervall - berücksichtigt. Die Wahl fiel auf eine gemischte begrenzte Verteilungsfunktion, die neben den probabilistischen Hüllkurven auch eine absolute obere Grenze, die mit einer empirischen Hüllkurve ermittelt wurde, beinhaltet. Damit werden zwei Arten von zusätzlichen Informationen verwendet, die den oberen Bereich einer Verteilungsfunktion beschreiben. Die Integration von beiden führt zu einer verbesserten Abschätzung von Abflüssen mit Wiederkehrintervallen zwischen 100 und 1000 Jahren. KW - Hochwasserstatistik KW - Hochwasserregionalisierung KW - Probabilistische Regionale Hüllkurven KW - Verteilungsfunktionen mit einer oberen Grenze KW - Flood frequency analysis KW - Flood regionalisation KW - Probabilistic regional envelope curves KW - Distribution functions with upper bound Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-49265 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gebser, Martin A1 - Hinrichs, Henrik A1 - Schaub, Torsten A1 - Thiele, Sven T1 - xpanda: a (simple) preprocessor for adding multi-valued propositions to ASP N2 - We introduce a simple approach extending the input language of Answer Set Programming (ASP) systems by multi-valued propositions. Our approach is implemented as a (prototypical) preprocessor translating logic programs with multi-valued propositions into logic programs with Boolean propositions only. Our translation is modular and heavily benefits from the expressive input language of ASP. The resulting approach, along with its implementation, allows for solving interesting constraint satisfaction problems in ASP, showing a good performance. Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41466 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hermenegildo, Manuel A1 - Schaub, Torsten T1 - Introduction to the technical communications of the 26th International Conference on Logic Programming : special issue Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be/~dtai/projects/ALP//TPLP/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1471068410000153 SN - 1471-0684 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mathieu-Rivet, Elodie A1 - Gévaudant, Frédéric A1 - Sicard, Adrien A1 - Salar, Sophie A1 - Do, Phuc Thi A1 - Mouras, Armand A1 - Fernie, Alisdair A1 - Gibon, Yves A1 - Rothan, Christophe A1 - Chevalier, Christian A1 - Hernould, Michel T1 - Functional analysis of the anaphase promoting complex activator CCS52A highlights the crucial role of endo- reduplication for fruit growth in tomato Y1 - 2010 SN - 1365-313X ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Bircken, Margrid A1 - Lüdecke, Marianne A1 - Peitsch, Helmut A1 - Runge, Anita A1 - Meier, Monika A1 - Püschel, Ursula A1 - Bock, Helmut A1 - Dahlke, Birgit A1 - Kaufmann, Eva A1 - Schlenstedt, Silvia A1 - Maydell, Miriam von A1 - Lorenz, Natalie A1 - Schiller, Dieter A1 - Fetscher, Justus A1 - Klapdor, Heike A1 - Barck, Simone A1 - Jacobeit, Sigrid A1 - Melchert, Monika A1 - Künzel, Christine A1 - Rudolph, Andrea ED - Bircken, Margrid ED - Lüdecke, Marianne ED - Peitsch, Helmut T1 - Brüche und Umbrüche BT - Frauen, Literatur und soziale Bewegungen N2 - Einen Überblick über historische Veränderungen der Bedingungen, unter denen Frauen geschrieben haben, sollte eine Ringvorlesung vermitteln, die das Institut für Germanistik der Universität Potsdam in zwei Semestern der Jahre 2005/06 veranstaltete. Unter dem Titel »Lesen und Schreiben in Umbrüchen« macht der Lehrplan in Brandenburg und Berlin für die Sekundarstufe II mindestens zwei der drei Umbrüche von 1933, 1945 und 1989 verbindlich zum Gegenstand des Literaturunterrichts. Als Institut der einzigen lehrerbildenden Universität des Landes wollten wir nicht nur Vorschläge machen, welche Autoren sich zur Behandlung dieser Umbrüche des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts anbieten, sondern zum einen durch die Beschränkung auf weibliche Autoren in den Umbrüchen, der Veränderung gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse, die Geschlechterverhältnisse hervorheben und über ihnen die Brüche in den Biographien nicht aussparen, zum anderen dem Blick auf die Umbrüche zwischen 1933 und 1989 durch eine Einbeziehung früherer Umbrüche historische Tiefenschärfe geben. Von der Französischen Revolution bis zur ›Wende‹ haben gesellschaftliche Umbrüche nicht nur das Leben weiblicher Autoren im Allgemeinen bestimmt, sondern auch ihr Schreiben als eine Auseinandersetzung mit ganz individuellen Brüchen. KW - soziale Bewegung KW - Frauenliteratur Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46029 SN - 978-3-86956-085-4 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Kilic, Esra A1 - Moritz, Katharina A1 - Platz, Franziska A1 - Kaun, Mario A1 - Triebe, Christoffer A1 - Klicks, Jan A1 - Busch, Julian A1 - Schlegelmilch, Valentin A1 - Post, Asgard A1 - Gummelt, Rene A1 - Möschl, Christian A1 - Bauer, Christine A1 - Sträßner, Ulrike A1 - Tong Luna, Sarah A1 - Vorphal, Jan ED - Klose, Dagmar ED - Ladewig, Marco T1 - Die Herausbildung moderner Strukturen in Gesellschaft und Staat der Frühen Neuzeit N2 - Im Mittelpunkt des fünften Bandes der Reihe Perspektiven historischen Denkens und Lernens steht eine Epoche des Umbruchs und des Überganges, die Frühe Neuzeit. Traditionelle historische Begriffe werden auf den Prüfstand neuerer Forschungsansätze gestellt. Der französischen Revolution werden neue Aspekte beigefügt, wie die Mentalitätsgeschichte. Auch die Amerikanische Revolution nimmt einen gebührenden Platz ein. Ganz neue Facetten der Geschichte enthält das abschließende Kapitel zur Kulturgeschichte. N2 - In the centre of the fifth volume of the book series “Perspectives of Historical Thinking and Learning” we find an era of changes and upheaval, the early modern age. Traditional historic concepts are being analysed and based on current approaches of this field of research. New aspects are being added to the French Revolution, like the history of mentality. Also the American Revolution claims her due position. The final chapter presents us with some fully new facings of history. T3 - Perspektiven historischen Denkens und Lernens - 5 Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-37707 SN - 978-3-86956-013-7 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER -