TY - JOUR A1 - Schotter, Elizabeth Roye A1 - Leinenger, Mallorie A1 - von der Malsburg, Titus Raban T1 - When your mind skips what your eyes fixate BT - how forced fixations lead to comprehension illusions in reading JF - Psychonomic bulletin & review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society N2 - The phenomenon of forced fixations suggests that readers sometimes fixate a word (due to oculomotor constraints) even though they intended to skip it (due to parafoveal cognitive-linguistic processing). We investigate whether this leads readers to look directly at a word but not pay attention to it. We used a gaze-contingent boundary paradigm to dissociate parafoveal and foveal information (e.g., the word phone changed to scarf once the reader's eyes moved to it) and asked questions about the sentence to determine which one the reader encoded. When the word was skipped or fixated only briefly (i.e., up to 100 ms) readers were more likely to report reading the parafoveal than the fixated word, suggesting that there are cases in which readers look directly at a word but their minds ignore it, leading to the illusion of reading something they did not fixate. KW - Word recognition KW - Text comprehension KW - Eye movements and reading Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-017-1356-y SN - 1069-9384 SN - 1531-5320 VL - 25 IS - 5 SP - 1884 EP - 1890 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerstenberg, Annette A1 - Lindholm, Camilla T1 - Language and aging research BT - new insights and perspectives JF - Linguistics vanguard N2 - Our introduction to the special collection gives an overview of the research projects which were originally presented at the third CLARe network conference. We group the research under four cross-sectional topics that unite the different contributions: the data used in the research, the theoretical frameworks, the languages and varieties which are represented and the situational contexts which are examined. These projects represent the current state of research in this field and allows the reader to orient themselves within this diverse field but also leaves many questions open and provides impetus for future lines of research. The interaction and collaboration between diverse disciplines is the central aspect which unites all contributions to the special collection. KW - language and aging KW - lifespan KW - health communication KW - language change KW - interactional linguistics KW - conversation analysis KW - corpus linguistics KW - psycholinguistics KW - sociolinguistics KW - computational linguistics Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2019-0025 SN - 2199-174X VL - 5 IS - s2 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miklashevsky, Alex A. T1 - О высоком и низком: пространственная семантика абстрактных и конкретных существительных JF - Tomsk state university journal N2 - Aim and material: In the present study, the data of the rating study presented earlier, where participants estimated the position of an object or phenomenon in vertical space by using the seven-point Likert scale, are used in order to systematically describe spatial information included in language units of different semantic categories. Background: The role of spatial semantics in language understanding is assumed by modern cognition theories and confirmed in experimental studies. Hypotheses: Based on conceptual metaphor theory, a number of hypotheses are proposed in the present study: different semantic categories of nouns (e.g., tools vs. animals vs. emotions etc.) should significantly differ in their spatial semantics as well; different semantic categories of abstract nouns (e.g., mental states vs. emotions vs. physical sensations) should also differ in their spatial semantics, as the latter is included in their conceptual structure; mental states and phenomena (e.g., imagination, thought or memory) should have higher values (i.e., be located higher in the virtual subjective space) than any other abstract concepts; emotional concepts (e.g., love, disgust or happiness) should be located higher than physical sensations (e.g., pain or softness); positive emotions (like joy or euphoria) should be located higher than negative ones (like feeling of guilt or disappointment). Methods: Statistical methods (parametric and non-parametric ones) are used in order to test the hypotheses. As additional cross-testing methods corpora data and expert assessment are included. Results: The results of the study confirmed all the hypotheses. A number of additional regularities were revealed: in general, abstract concepts get higher values on a scale, i.e., are located higher in the virtual subjective space than concrete ones; tool concepts are related more to the lower space, unlike sound concepts that are related to higher space. No difference was found between action concepts (like attack or running) and physical sensations. Discussion: The results obtained can also be explained in terms of other theories within the embodied cognition framework, as it is discussed in the conclusion (words as social tools by A. Borghi and F. Binkofski; ideas by G. Vigliocco and neurosemantic approach by F. Pulvermuller). The need in an integrative model and larger studies with other semantic categories is underlined. N2 - Проведен анализ пространственной семантики различных категорий русских существительных, входящих в психолингви-стическую базуданных; особое внимание уделяется абстрактным концептам. Выявлены различия пространственной семантики наименований физических ощущений и действий, эмоций, ментальных процессов. Полученны ерезультаты обсуждаются с точки зрения отдельных подходов в рамках теории воплощенного познания – теории концептуальной метафоры, теории слов как социальных инструментов (WAT, Words As social Tools), нейросемантики. T2 - About the high and the low: spatial semantics of abstract and concrete nouns KW - embodied cognition KW - spatial semantics KW - conceptual metaphor KW - neurosemantics KW - words as social tools KW - psycholinguistic databases KW - abstract concepts KW - абстрактные концепты KW - психолингвистическая база данных KW - слова как социальные инструменты KW - нейросемантика KW - концептуальная метафора KW - пространственная семантика KW - воплощенное познание Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/424/4 SN - 1561-7793 SN - 1561-803X IS - 424 SP - 26 EP - 34 PB - Tomsk Stata Univ CY - Tomsk ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Malte T1 - Wird Schon Stimmen! BT - A Degree Operator Analysis of Schon JF - Journal of semantics N2 - The article puts forward a novel analysis of the German modal particle schon as a modal degree operator over propositional content. The proposed analysis offers a uniform perspective on the semantics of modal schon and its aspectual counterpart meaning ‘already’: Both particles are analyzed as denoting a degree operator, expressing a scale-based comparison over relevant alternatives. The alternatives are determined by focus in the case of aspectual schon (Krifka 2000), but are restricted to the polar alternatives p and ¬p in the case of modal schon. Semantically, modal schon introduces a presupposition to the effect that the circumstantial conversational background contains more factual evidence in favor of p than in favor of ¬p⁠, thereby making modal schon the not at-issue counterpart of the overt comparative form eher ‘rather’ (Herburger & Rubinstein 2014). The analysis incorporates basic insights from earlier analyses of modal schon in a novel way, and it also offers new insights as to the underlying workings of modality in natural language as involving propositions rather than possible worlds (Kratzer 1977, 2012). Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffy010 SN - 0167-5133 SN - 1477-4593 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 687 EP - 739 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Das, Debopam A1 - Taboada, Maite T1 - Signalling of Coherence Relations in Discourse, Beyond Discourse Markers JF - Discourse processes : DP ; a multidisciplinary journal N2 - We argue that coherence relations (relations between propositions, such as Concession or Purpose) are signalled more frequently and by more means than is generally believed. We examine how coherence relations in text are indicated by all possible textual signals, and whether every relation is signalled. To that end, we conducted a corpus study on the RST Discourse Treebank, a corpus of newspaper articles annotated for rhetorical (or coherence) relations. Results from our corpus study show that most relations in text (over 90%) are signalled and also that most signalled relations (over 80%) are indicated not only by discourse markers (and, but, if, since), but also by a wide variety of signals other than discourse markers, such as reference, lexical, semantic, syntactic and graphical features. These findings suggest that signalling of coherence relations is much more sophisticated than previously thought. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2017.1379327 SN - 0163-853X SN - 1532-6950 VL - 55 IS - 8 SP - 743 EP - 770 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aldrup, Marit T1 - Well let me put it uhm the other way around maybe’ BT - Managing students’ trouble displays in the CLIL classroom JF - Classroom discourse N2 - This study is concerned with repair practices that a teacher and students employ to restore intersubjectivity when faced with interactional problems in a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) classroom. Adopting a conversation analytic (CA) approach, it examines the interactional treatment of students’ verbal and embodied trouble displays in a video-recorded, teacher-fronted geography lesson held in English at a German high school. At the same time, it explores to what extent the repair practices employed are fitted to this specific interactional context. The analysis shows that students’ verbal trouble displays often result in extensive repair sequences, whereas students’ embodied trouble displays are usually met with teacher self-repair in the transition space. In this way, the latter are resolved much earlier and more quickly. The study further reveals practices like reformulation and translation to be especially useful for repairing interactional problems in classrooms in which a foreign language is used as the medium of instruction. The findings may be of interest for prospective as well as practicing teachers in that they provide relevant insights into how interactional trouble can be successfully managed in (CLIL) classroom interaction. KW - Trouble displays KW - repair KW - embodiment KW - classroom interaction KW - conversation analysis Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/19463014.2019.1567360 SN - 1946-3014 SN - 1946-3022 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 46 EP - 70 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Garcia, Rowena A1 - Dery, Jeruen E. A1 - Roeser, Jens A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Word order preferences of Tagalog-speaking adults and children JF - First language N2 - This article investigates the word order preferences of Tagalog-speaking adults and five- and seven-year-old children. The participants were asked to complete sentences to describe pictures depicting actions between two animate entities. Adults preferred agent-initial constructions in the patient voice but not in the agent voice, while the children produced mainly agent-initial constructions regardless of voice. This agent-initial preference, despite the lack of a close link between the agent and the subject in Tagalog, shows that this word order preference is not merely syntactically-driven (subject-initial preference). Additionally, the children’s agent-initial preference in the agent voice, contrary to the adults’ lack of preference, shows that children do not respect the subject-last principle of ordering Tagalog full noun phrases. These results suggest that language-specific optional features like a subject-last principle take longer to be acquired. KW - Child language acquisition KW - sentence production KW - Tagalog acquisition KW - voice KW - word order Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723718790317 SN - 0142-7237 SN - 1740-2344 VL - 38 IS - 6 SP - 617 EP - 640 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Bleser, Ria T1 - A linguist's view on progressive anomia: Evidence for Delbrück (1886) in modern neurolinguistic research JF - Cortex : a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behaviour N2 - In his short paper of 1886, the neogrammarian linguist Delbruck sketches his views on normal language processing and their relevance for the interpretation of some of the symptoms of progressive anomic aphasia. In particular, he discusses proper name impairments, verb and abstract noun superiority and the predominance of semantically related errors. Furthermore, he suggests that part of speech, morphology and word order may be preserved in this condition. This historical document has been lost in oblivion but the original ideas and their relevance for contemporary discussions merit a revival. KW - neogrammarians Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70421-0 SN - 0010-9452 VL - 42 SP - 805 EP - 810 PB - Elsevier CY - Milano ER - TY - THES A1 - Stegenwallner-Schütz, Maja Henny Katherine T1 - The Development of Syntactic and Pragmatic Aspects of Language in Children with Developmental Disorders BT - evidence from Specific Language Impairment and Autism Spectrum Disorders Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Farhy, Yael A1 - Verissimo, Joao Marques T1 - Semantic Effects in Morphological Priming: The Case of Hebrew Stems JF - Language and speech N2 - To what extent is morphological representation in different languages dependent on semantic information? Unlike Indo-European languages, the Semitic mental lexicon has been argued to be purely "morphologically driven", with complex stems represented in a decomposed format (root + vowel pattern) irrespectively of their semantic properties. We have examined this claim by comparing cross-modal root-priming effects elicited by Hebrew verbs of a productive, open-ended class (Piel) and verbs of a closed-class (Paal). Morphological priming effects were obtained for both verb types, but prime-target semantic relatedness interacted with class, and only modulated responses following Paal, but not Piel primes. We explain these results by postulating different types of morpho-lexical representation for the different classes: structured stems, in the case of Piel, and whole-stems (which lack internal morphological structure), in the case of Paal. We conclude that semantic effects in morphological priming are also obtained in Semitic languages, but they are crucially dependent on type of morpho-lexical representation. KW - Morphology KW - priming KW - Semitic KW - semantic transparency KW - stems Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0023830918811863 SN - 0023-8309 SN - 1756-6053 VL - 62 IS - 4 SP - 737 EP - 750 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arnold, Taylor A1 - Ballier, Nicolas A1 - Lisson, Paula A1 - Tilton, Lauren T1 - Beyond lexical frequencies: using R for text analysis in the digital humanities JF - Language resources and evaluation N2 - This paper presents a combination of R packages-user contributed toolkits written in a common core programming language-to facilitate the humanistic investigation of digitised, text-based corpora.Our survey of text analysis packages includes those of our own creation (cleanNLP and fasttextM) as well as packages built by other research groups (stringi, readtext, hyphenatr, quanteda, and hunspell). By operating on generic object types, these packages unite research innovations in corpus linguistics, natural language processing, machine learning, statistics, and digital humanities. We begin by extrapolating on the theoretical benefits of R as an elaborate gluing language for bringing together several areas of expertise and compare it to linguistic concordancers and other tool-based approaches to text analysis in the digital humanities. We then showcase the practical benefits of an ecosystem by illustrating how R packages have been integrated into a digital humanities project. Throughout, the focus is on moving beyond the bag-of-words, lexical frequency model by incorporating linguistically-driven analyses in research. KW - Digital humanities KW - Text mining KW - R KW - Text interoperability Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-019-09456-6 SN - 1574-020X SN - 1574-0218 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 707 EP - 733 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wulff, Dirk U. A1 - De Deyne, Simon A1 - Jones, Michael N. A1 - Mata, Rui A1 - Austerweil, Joseph L. A1 - Baayen, R. Harald A1 - Balota, David A. A1 - Baronchelli, Andrea A1 - Brysbaert, Marc A1 - Cai, Qing A1 - Dennis, Simon A1 - Hills, Thomas T. A1 - Kenett, Yoed N. A1 - Keuleers, Emmanuel A1 - Marelli, Marco A1 - Pakhomov, Serguei A1 - Ramscar, Michael A1 - Schooler, Lael J. A1 - Shing, Yee Lee A1 - da Souza, Alessandra S. A1 - Siew, Cynthia S. Q. A1 - Storms, Gert A1 - Veríssimo, Joao Marques T1 - New Perspectives on the Aging Lexicon JF - Trends in cognitive science N2 - The field of cognitive aging has seen considerable advances in describing the linguistic and semantic changes that happen during the adult life span to uncover the structure of the mental lexicon (i.e., the mental repository of lexical and conceptual representations). Nevertheless, there is still debate concerning the sources of these changes, including the role of environmental exposure and several cognitive mechanisms associated with learning, representation, and retrieval of information. We review the current status of research in this field and outline a framework that promises to assess the contribution of both ecological and psychological aspects to the aging lexicon. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2019.05.003 SN - 1364-6613 SN - 1879-307X VL - 23 IS - 8 SP - 686 EP - 698 PB - Elsevier CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaeckle, Maren A1 - Domahs, Frank A1 - Kartmann, Angelika A1 - Tomandl, Bernd A1 - Frank, Ulrike T1 - Predictors of Penetration-Aspiration in Parkinson’s Disease Patients With Dysphagia BT - a retrospective analysis JF - Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology N2 - Methods: The data of 89 PD patients with dysphagia who underwent routinely conducted videofluoroscopic studies of swallowing (VFSS) were included in this retrospective study. The occurrence of penetration-aspiration was defined as scores >= 3 on the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS). Four commonly reported signs of dysphagia in PD patients were evaluated as possible predictors. Furthermore, the relationships between the occurrence of penetration-aspiration and liquid bolus volume as well as clinical severity of PD (modified Hoehn and Yahr scale) were examined. Results: Logistic regression showed that a delayed initiation of the pharyngeal swallow (odds ratio [OR] = 7.47, P = .008) and a reduced hyolaryngeal excursion (OR = 5.13, P = .012) were predictors of penetration-aspiration. Moreover, there was a strong, positive correlation between increasing liquid bolus volume and penetration-aspiration (gamma = 0.71, P < .001). No correlation was found between severity of PD and penetration-aspiration (gamma = 0.077, P = .783). Conclusion: Results of the present study allow for a better understanding of penetration-aspiration risk in PD patients. They are useful for treatment planning in order to improve safe oral intake and adequate nutrition. KW - pneumonia KW - videofluoroscopy Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489419841398 SN - 0003-4894 SN - 1943-572X VL - 128 IS - 8 SP - 728 EP - 735 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Böhm, Verónica Julia A1 - Hennemann, Anja T1 - The Spanish imperfecto as a construal form for the conceptualization of state of affairs in journalistic texts N2 - This study adopts a cognitive approach to the analysis of the use of the Spanish imperfecto as a construal form for the conceptualization of state of affairs in certain journalistic texts. In doing so, the main focus of the study is to investigate cognitive processes like modalization and subjectivization, which are related to the speaker’s standpoint and to his subjective, not grammatically motivated, decision to use the imperfective instead of the perfective form. By the help of the corpus programmes GlossaNet and CREA (corpus of the Real Academia Española) we analyze the imperfective use of some Spanish verbs, which are semantically perfective in nature so that the normative use would require a perfective form. In other words, we investigate how the speaker/journalist construes a reality or situation to be expressed by means of the imperfecto and show that this use of the imperfect is typical for journalistic discourse. KW - cognitive grammar KW - Spanish imperfect KW - modalization KW - subjectivization Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416094 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prieto, Julio T1 - From blind shorthand T1 - de la ciega taquigrafía BT - the elusive erudition of Luis Chitarroni BT - la elusiva erudición de Luis Chitarroni JF - Cahiers de LIRICO N2 - This essay explores the poetics of obscurity that informs Luis Chitarroni’s « unfinished novel » The No Variations. Focusing on the « reticent » erudition that distinguishes this text, my analysis examines its dialogue with the paradigm of Borges’ erudition and narrative poetics, as well as with certain « counter-Borgesian » constellations in recent Argentine literature. My reading aims to show how Chitarroni’s anti-novel reactivates a specific Argentinean tradition of productive illegibility while considering how it relates to the practices of « impediment » and « aesthetic reduction » that pervade modern art and literature. N2 - Este ensayo explora la poética de la opacidad en la escritura de Luis Chitarroni y en particular en su « novela inconclusa » Peripecias del no. El análisis se enfoca en la erudición « denegante » que distingue a este texto, y en su diálogo con el modelo de la erudición borgiana y con su poética narrativa, así como con una serie de líneas « contraborgianas » en la literatura argentina reciente. Mi lectura se orienta a mostrar cómo la anti-novela de Chitarroni reactiva una específica tradición literaria argentina de poéticas de lo ilegible a la vez que enlaza con las prácticas del « impedimento » y de la « reducción estética » que recorren la modernidad artística y literaria. N2 - Cet article explore la poétique de la opacité mise en jeu par Luis Chitarroni dans son « roman inachevé » Aventures du Non. À partir d’une analyse de l’érudition « reticente » inhérente à ce texte, j’examine le dialogue que Chitarroni établit avec le modèle de l’érudition borgésienne et sa poétique du récit, ainsi qu’avec une série de lignes narratives « post-borgésiennes » dans la littérature argentine récente. Ma lecture vise à montrer comment l’« anti-roman » de Chitarroni réactive une particulière tradition littéraire argentine relative aux poétiques de l’illisible tout en se liant à la fois avec les pratiques de l’« empêchement » narratif et de la « réduction esthétique » qui traversent la modernité artistique et littéraire. KW - poetics of the illegible KW - hermeticism KW - Chitarroni KW - Borges KW - modern art Y1 - 2017 UR - http://journals.openedition.org/lirico/3807 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4000/lirico.3807 SN - 2263-2158 SN - 2262-8339 PB - Universität de Paris CY - Saint-Denis ER - TY - CHAP ED - Haßler, Gerda ED - Wardlitz, Vladislava T1 - Russian Grammar: System – Usus – Variation T2 - Linguistica Philologica ; 1 N2 - The present volume contains a selection of papers presented at the Fifth International Symposium Russian Grammar: System–Usus–Language Variation, from September 22 to 24, 2021, at the University of Potsdam (Germany). The selected essays tackle the issues that arise when Russian Grammar meets new linguistic paradigms (such as corpus linguistics) and new challenges (such as heritage languages). The relevant findings are discussed with a particular focus on an updated version of the 1980 Academy grammar of Russian. T2 - Русская грамматика: Cистема – узус – варьирование Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-631-87748-7 SN - 978-3-631-87749-4 SN - 978-3-631-86458-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3726/b19724 SN - 2750-2961 SN - 2750-297X PB - Lang CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bosch, Sina A1 - Leminen, Alina T1 - ERP priming studies of bilingual language processing JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition. N2 - The aim of this review is to provide a selective overview of priming studies which have employed the event-related brain potential (ERP) technique in order to investigate bilingual language processing. The priming technique can reveal an implicit memory effect in which exposure to one stimulus influences the processing of another stimulus. Behavioral approaches, such as measuring reaction times, may not always be enough for providing a full view on the exact mechanisms and the time-course of language comprehension. Instead, ERPs have a time-resolution of a millisecond and hence they offer a precise temporal overview of the underlying neural processes involved in language processing. In our review, we summarize experimental research that has combined priming with ERP measurements, thus creating a valuable tool for examining the neurophysiological correlates of language processing in the bilingual brain. KW - event-related brain potentials KW - priming KW - bilinguals Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728917000700 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 462 EP - 470 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fyndanis, Valantis A1 - Arcara, Giorgio A1 - Christidou, Paraskevi A1 - Caplan, David T1 - Morphosyntactic production and verbal working memory BT - evidence from greek aphasia and healthy aging JF - Journal of speech, language, and hearing research N2 - Method: A sentence completion task testing production of subject-verb agreement, tense/time reference, and aspect in local and nonlocal conditions and two verbal WM tasks were administered to 8 Greek-speaking persons with agrammatic aphasia (PWA) and 103 healthy participants. Results: The 3 morphosyntactic categories dissociated in both groups (agreement > tense > aspect). A significant interaction emerged in both groups between the 3 morphosyntactic categories and WM. There was no main effect of locality in either of the 2 groups. At the individual level, all 8 PWA exhibited dissociations between agreement, tense, and aspect, and effects of locality were contradictory. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-L-17-0103 SN - 1092-4388 SN - 1558-9102 VL - 61 IS - 5 SP - 1171 EP - 1187 PB - American Speech-Language-Hearing Assoc. CY - Rockville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lago Huvelle, Maria Sol A1 - Felser, Claudia T1 - Agreement attraction in native and nonnative speakers of German JF - Applied psycholinguistics : psychological and linguistic studies across languages and learners N2 - Second language speakers often struggle to apply grammatical constraints such as subject-verb agreement. One hypothesis for this difficulty is that it results from problems suppressing syntactically unlicensed constituents in working memory. We investigated which properties of these constituents make them more likely to elicit errors: their grammatical distance to the subject head or their linear distance to the verb. We used double modifier constructions (e.g., the smell of the stables of the farmers), where the errors of native speakers are modulated by the linguistic relationships between the nouns in the subject phrase: second plural nouns, which are syntactically and semantically closer to the subject head, elicit more errors than third plural nouns, which are linearly closer to the verb (2nd-3rd-noun asymmetry). In order to dissociate between grammatical and linear distance, we compared embedded and coordinated modifiers, which were linearly identical but differed in grammatical distance. Using an attraction paradigm, we showed that German native speakers and proficient Russian speakers of German exhibited similar attraction rates and that their errors displayed a 2nd-3rd-noun asymmetry, which was more pronounced in embedded than in coordinated constructions. We suggest that both native and second language learners prioritize linguistic structure over linear distance in their agreement computations. KW - agreement attraction KW - German KW - linear distance KW - Russian Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716417000601 SN - 0142-7164 SN - 1469-1817 VL - 39 IS - 3 SP - 619 EP - 647 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Malte A1 - De Veaugh-Geiss, Joseph P. A1 - Tönnis, Swantje A1 - Onea, Edgar T1 - (Non-)exhaustivity in focus partitioning across languages JF - Approaches to Hungarian N2 - We present novel experimental evidence on the availability and the status of exhaustivity inferences with focus partitioning in German, English, and Hungarian. Results suggest that German and English focus-background clefts and Hungarian focus share important properties, (É. Kiss 1998, 1999; Szabolcsi 1994; Percus 1997; Onea & Beaver 2009). Those constructions are anaphoric devices triggering an existence presupposition. EXH-inferences are not obligatory in such constructions in English, German, or Hungarian, against some previous literature (Percus 1997; Büring & Križ 2013; É. Kiss 1998), but in line with pragmatic analyses of EXH-inferences in clefts (Horn 1981, 2016; Pollard & Yasavul 2016). The cross-linguistic differences in the distribution of EXH-inferences are attributed to properties of the Hungarian number marking system. KW - clefts KW - definite pseudoclefts KW - Hungarian focus KW - exhaustivity KW - experimental evidence KW - semantics-pragmatics interface Y1 - 2020 VL - 16 PB - John Benjamins CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fernandez, Leigh A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Brock, Jon A1 - Nickels, Lyndsey T1 - Investigating auditory processing of syntactic gaps with L2 speakers using pupillometry JF - Second language research N2 - According to the Shallow Structure Hypothesis (SSH), second language (L2) speakers, unlike native speakers, build shallow syntactic representations during sentence processing. In order to test the SSH, this study investigated the processing of a syntactic movement in both native speakers of English and proficient late L2 speakers of English using pupillometry to measure processing cost. Of particular interest were constructions where movement resulted in an intermediate gap between clauses. Pupil diameter was recorded during auditory presentation of complex syntactic constructions. Two factors were manipulated: syntactic movement (such that some conditions contained movement while others did not), as well as syntactic movement type (either causing an intermediate gap or not). Grammaticality judgments revealed no differences between the two groups, suggesting both were capable of comprehending these constructions. Pupil change slope measurements revealed a potential sensitivity to intermediate gaps for only native speakers, however, both native and late L2 speakers showed similar facilitation during processing of the second gap site. Acoustic analysis revealed potential acoustic cues that may have facilitated the processing of these constructions. This suggests that, contrary to the predictions of the SSH, late L2 speakers are capable of constructing rich syntactic representations during the processing of intermediate gap constructions in spoken language. KW - filler gap dependency KW - intermediate gap KW - L2 sentence processing KW - pupillometry KW - shallow structure hypothesis Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658317722386 SN - 0267-6583 SN - 1477-0326 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 201 EP - 227 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van der Kant, Anne A1 - Biro, Szilvia A1 - Levelt, Claartje A1 - Huijbregts, Stephan T1 - Negative affect is related to reduced differential neural responses to social and non-social stimuli in 5-to-8-month-old infants BT - a functional near-infrared spectroscopy-study JF - Developmental cognitive neuroscience : a journal for cognitive, affective and social developmental neuroscience N2 - Both social perception and temperament in young infants have been related to social functioning later in life. Previous functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) data (Lloyd-Fox et al., 2009) showed larger blood-oxygenation changes for social compared to non-social stimuli in the posterior temporal cortex of five-month-old infants. We sought to replicate and extend these findings by using fNIRS to study the neural basis of social perception in relation to infant temperament (Negative Affect) in 37 five-to-eight-month-old infants. Infants watched short videos displaying either hand and facial movements of female actors (social dynamic condition) or moving toys and machinery (non-social dynamic condition), while fNIRS data were collected over temporal brain regions. Negative Affect was measured using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Results showed significantly larger blood-oxygenation changes in the right posterior-temporal region in the social compared to the non-social condition. Furthermore, this differential activation was smaller in infants showing higher Negative Affect. Our results replicate those of Lloyd-Fox et al. and confirmed that five-to-eight-month-old infants show cortical specialization for social perception. Furthermore, the decreased cortical sensitivity to social stimuli in infants showing high Negative Affect may be an early biomarker for later difficulties in social interaction. KW - Functional near-infrared spectroscopy KW - fNIRS KW - Social perception KW - Infants KW - Temperament KW - Negative affect Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2017.12.003 SN - 1878-9293 SN - 1878-9307 VL - 30 SP - 23 EP - 30 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lopukhina, Anastasiya A1 - Laurinavichyute, Anna K. A1 - Lopukhin, Konstantin A1 - Dragoy, Olga V. T1 - The Mental Representation of Polysemy across Word Classes JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Experimental studies on polysemy have come to contradictory conclusions on whether words with multiple senses are stored as separate or shared mental representations. The present study examined the semantic relatedness and semantic similarity of literal and non-literal (metonymic and metaphorical) senses of three word classes: nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Two methods were used: a psycholinguistic experiment and a distributional analysis of corpus data. In the experiment, participants were presented with 6-12 short phrases containing a polysemous word in literal, metonymic, or metaphorical senses and were asked to classify them so that phrases with the same perceived sense were grouped together. To investigate the impact of professional background on their decisions, participants were controlled for linguistic vs. non-linguistic education. For nouns and verbs, all participants preferred to group together phrases with literal and metonymic senses, but not any other pairs of senses. For adjectives, two pairs of senses were often grouped together: literal with metonymic, and metonymic with metaphorical. Participants with a linguistic background were more accurate than participants with non-linguistic backgrounds, although both groups shared principal patterns of sense classification. For the distributional analysis of corpus data, we used a semantic vector approach to quantify the similarity of phrases with literal, metonymic, and metaphorical senses in the corpora. We found that phrases with literal and metonymic senses had the highest degree of similarity for the three word classes, and that metonymic and metaphorical senses of adjectives had the highest degree of similarity among all word classes. These findings are in line with the experimental results. Overall, the results suggest that the mental representation of a polysemous word depends on its word class. In nouns and verbs, literal and metonymic senses are stored together, while metaphorical senses are stored separately; in adjectives, metonymic senses significantly overlap with both literal and metaphorical senses. KW - polysemy KW - lexical representation KW - metaphor KW - metonymy KW - semantic vectors KW - word classes Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00192 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haßler, Gerda T1 - L’ellipse – un principe d‘explication syntaxique et pragmatique dans l’histoire de la linguistique et dans des théories modernes T2 - Réduction – densification – élision. Formes réduites et leurs fonctions Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-89323-025-9 VL - 2021 SP - 125 EP - 141 PB - Nodus CY - Münster ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holzgrefe-Lang, Julia A1 - Wellmann, Caroline A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell T1 - Infants’ Processing of Prosodic Cues BT - Electrophysiological Evidence for Boundary Perception beyond Pause Detection JF - Language and speech N2 - Infants as young as six months are sensitive to prosodic phrase boundaries marked by three acoustic cues: pitch change, final lengthening, and pause. Behavioral studies suggest that a language-specific weighting of these cues develops during the first year of life; recent work on German revealed that eight-month-olds, unlike six-month-olds, are capable of perceiving a prosodic boundary on the basis of pitch change and final lengthening only. The present study uses Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) to investigate the neuro-cognitive development of prosodic cue perception in German-learning infants. In adults’ ERPs, prosodic boundary perception is clearly reflected by the so-called Closure Positive Shift (CPS). To date, there is mixed evidence on whether an infant CPS exists that signals early prosodic cue perception, or whether the CPS emerges only later—the latter implying that infantile brain responses to prosodic boundaries reflect acoustic, low-level pause detection. We presented six- and eight-month-olds with stimuli containing either no boundary cues, only a pitch cue, or a combination of both pitch change and final lengthening. For both age groups, responses to the former two conditions did not differ, while brain responses to prosodic boundaries cued by pitch change and final lengthening showed a positivity that we interpret as a CPS-like infant ERP component. This hints at an early sensitivity to prosodic boundaries that cannot exclusively be based on pause detection. Instead, infants’ brain responses indicate an early ability to exploit subtle, relational prosodic cues in speech perception—presumably even earlier than could be concluded from previous behavioral results. KW - Language acquisition KW - speech perception KW - event-related potentials KW - prosody processing KW - prosodic boundary cues Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0023830917730590 SN - 0023-8309 SN - 1756-6053 VL - 61 IS - 1 SP - 153 EP - 169 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Aoju A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Four- to five-year-old' use of word order and prosody in focus marking in Dutch JF - Linguistics Vanguard N2 - This study investigated Dutch-speaking four- to five-year-olds’ use of word order and prosody in distinguishing focus types (broad focus, narrow focus, and contrastive narrow focus) via an interactive answer-reconstruction game. We have found an overall preference for the unmarked word order SVO and no evidence for the use of OVS to distinguish focus types. But the children used pitch and duration in the subject-nouns to distinguish focus types in SVO sentences. These findings show that Dutch-speaking four- to five-year-olds differ from their German- and Finnish-speaking peers, who show evidence of varying choice of word order to mark specific focus types, and use prosody to distinguish focus types in subject and object nouns in both SVO and OVS sentences. These comparisons suggest that typological differences in the relative importance between word order and prosody can lead to differences in children’s use of word order and prosody in unmarked and marked word orders. A more equal role of word order and prosody in the ambient language can stimulate more extensive use of prosody in the marked word order, whereas a more limited role of word order can restrict the use of prosody in the unmarked word order. KW - information structure KW - Dutch-speaking children KW - word order KW - prosody KW - focus Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2016-0101 SN - 2199-174X VL - 4 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krug, Ragna A1 - Stübner, Hanna A1 - Hoffmann, Sophie A1 - Heide, Judith T1 - Die Behandlung dysprosodischer Symptome bei Sprechapraxie BT - Eine Einzelfallstudie JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437808 SN - 978-3-86956-448-7 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 11 SP - 135 EP - 142 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakariás, Lilla A1 - Salis, Christos A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell T1 - Transfereffekte nach Arbeitsgedächtnistraining bei Aphasie JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437799 SN - 978-3-86956-448-7 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 11 SP - 131 EP - 133 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Barquero Pipín, Antonio Carlos T1 - Lengua, cultura, interculturalidad T1 - Sprache, Kultur, Interkulturalität BT - el tratamiento de la competencia pragmática como parte de la competencia comunicativa en los libros de texto de ELE en el ámbito escolar Alemán BT - die Behandlung der pragmatischen Kompetenz als Teil der kommunikativen Kompetenz in SaF-Lehrbüchern im deutschen Schulkontext N2 - Ohne Pragmatik wäre Kommunikation nicht möglich, da wir sprachliche Aussagen nicht interpretieren könnten. Für jeden Lernenden einer Sprache, die er nicht beherrscht, reicht es nicht aus, sprachlich kompetent zu sein, da der Zweck der Kommunikation darin besteht, mit anderen Menschen und in bestimmten Kontexten zu kommunizieren. Nur eine Lehre, die es ermöglicht, Aussagen zur Durchführung von Sprachhandlungen zu erstellen und zu verstehen und die für einen bestimmten Kontext am besten geeigneten auszuwählen, kann sich als effizient erweisen. Die hier vorgestellte Arbeit zielt darauf ab, der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft und insbesondere denjenigen, die direkt und indirekt am Unterrichtsprozess beteiligt sind, das Konzept der verbalen Pragmatik bekannt zu machen und es anderen wie Grammatik, Kultur oder Interkulturalität gegenüber zu stellen. Ferner wendet sie sich der Frage zu, wie man auf die Bedeutung und die dringende Notwendigkeit aufmerksam macht, Pragmatik als relevante Disziplin im Kommunikationsprozess zu etablieren; dabei wird insbesondere auf ihre systematische Einbeziehung in Lehrbüchern für Spanisch als Fremdsprache, die für den schulischen Kontext konzipiert wurden, abgestellt. Dazu werden das Vorhandensein pragmatischer Elemente und die Förderung pragmatischer Kompetenz in Lehrbüchern für Anfänger sowie ihre Relevanz bei der Festlegung von Inhalten, Fortschrittsart und Methodik untersucht. N2 - Sin pragmática no sería posible la comunicación, puesto que no podríamos interpretar enunciados lingüísticos. A cualquier aprendiente de una lengua que no domina, no le basta con ser competente lingüísticamente, puesto que su fin es comunicarse con otras personas y en contextos determinados. Solo una enseñanza que facilite la habilidad de producir y comprender enunciados para realizar actos de lengua, seleccionando los más apropiados para un contexto determinado, podrá preciarse de ser eficiente. El trabajo que aquí se presenta pretende dar a conocer a la comunidad científica y, en especial, a los y las involucradas directa e indirectamente en el proceso de enseñanza, el concepto de pragmática verbal y contrastarlo con otros como gramática, cultura o interculturalidad, así como concienciarlos de la importancia y de la necesidad imperiosa del establecimiento de la pragmática como disciplina relevante en el proceso comunicativo y, en especial, de su inclusión sistemática y manifiesta en los libros de texto de español como lengua extranjera elaborados para el contexto escolar. Para ello se investiga la presencia de elementos pragmáticos y el fomento de la competencia pragmática en libros de texto para principiantes, por ser estos el material utilizado por excelencia en las escuelas y por su relevancia a la hora de especificar contenidos, tipo de progresión y metodología. KW - pragmática KW - ELE KW - didáctica KW - interculturalidad KW - Pragmatik KW - SaF KW - Fremdsprachendidaktik KW - Interkulturalität KW - pragmática contrastiva KW - lingüística contrastiva KW - kontrastive Pragmatik KW - kontrastive Linguistik Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-439023 SN - 978-3-86956-480-7 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arslan, Seçkin A1 - Gür, Eren A1 - Felser, Claudia T1 - Predicting the sources of impaired wh-question comprehension in non-fluent aphasia BT - a cross-linguistic machine learning study on Turkish and German JF - Cognitive neuropsychology N2 - This study investigates the comprehension of wh-questions in individuals with aphasia (IWA) speaking Turkish, a non-wh-movement language, and German, a wh-movement language. We examined six German-speaking and 11 Turkish-speaking IWA using picture-pointing tasks. Findings from our experiments show that the Turkish IWA responded more accurately to both object who and object which questions than to subject questions, while the German IWA performed better for subject which questions than in all other conditions. Using random forest models, a machine learning technique used in tree-structured classification, on the individual data revealed that both the Turkish and German IWA’s response accuracy is largely predicted by the presence of overt and unambiguous case marking. We discuss our results with regard to different theoretical approaches to the comprehension of wh-questions in aphasia. KW - Non-fluent aphasia KW - random forest algorithm KW - sentence comprehension KW - wh-in-situ KW - wh-questions KW - wh-movement Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2017.1394284 SN - 0264-3294 SN - 1464-0627 VL - 34 SP - 312 EP - 331 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reifegerste, Jana A1 - Hauer, Franziska A1 - Felser, Claudia T1 - Agreement processing and attraction errors in aging BT - evidence from subject-verb agreement in German JF - Aging, neuropsychology, and cognition : a journal on normal and dysfunctional development N2 - Effects of aging on lexical processing are well attested, but the picture is less clear for grammatical processing. Where age differences emerge, these are usually ascribed to working-memory (WM) decline. Previous studies on the influence of WM on agreement computation have yielded inconclusive results, and work on aging and subject-verb agreement processing is lacking. In two experiments (Experiment 1: timed grammaticality judgment, Experiment 2: self-paced reading + WM test), we investigated older (OA) and younger (YA) adults’ susceptibility to agreement attraction errors. We found longer reading latencies and judgment reaction times (RTs) for OAs. Further, OAs, particularly those with low WM scores, were more accepting of sentences with attraction errors than YAs. OAs showed longer reading latencies for ungrammatical sentences, again modulated by WM, than YAs. Our results indicate that OAs have greater difficulty blocking intervening nouns from interfering with the computation of agreement dependencies. WM can modulate this effect. KW - Subject-verb agreement KW - attraction errors KW - aging KW - grammaticality judgment KW - self-paced reading Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2016.1251550 SN - 1382-5585 SN - 1744-4128 VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 672 EP - 702 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauh, Gisa T1 - Erinnerungen an die Gründung des Instituts für Linguistik an der Universität Potsdam JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433202 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 415 EP - 435 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Staudacher, Peter T1 - Plato on nature (φύσις) and convention (συνθήκη) JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433193 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 395 EP - 411 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wunderlich, Dieter T1 - Über naturnotwendige und kulturaffine Schritte in der Sprachentstehung und -entwicklung JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433182 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 383 EP - 394 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Burmester, Juliane A1 - Sauermann, Antje A1 - Spalek, Katharina A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell T1 - Sensitivity to salience BT - linguistic vs. visual cues affect sentence processing and pronoun resolution JF - Language, cognition and neuroscience N2 - Sentence comprehension is optimised by indicating entities as salient through linguistic (i.e., information-structural) or visual means. We compare how salience of a depicted referent due to a linguistic (i.e., topic status) or visual cue (i.e., a virtual person's gaze shift) modulates sentence comprehension in German. We investigated processing of sentences with varying word order and pronoun resolution by means of self-paced reading and an antecedent choice task, respectively. Our results show that linguistic as well as visual salience cues immediately speeded up reading times of sentences mentioning the salient referent first. In contrast, for pronoun resolution, linguistic and visual cues modulated antecedent choice preferences less congruently. In sum, our findings speak in favour of a significant impact of linguistic and visual salience cues on sentence comprehension, substantiating that salient information delivered via language as well as the visual environment is integrated in the current mental representation of the discourse. KW - Topic status KW - eye gaze KW - visual context KW - reading times KW - antecedent choice Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2018.1428758 SN - 2327-3798 SN - 2327-3801 VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 784 EP - 801 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hassler, Gerda T1 - Rezension zu: Wilhelm von Humboldt: Einleitende und vergleichende amerikanische Arbeiten [Introductory and Comparative American Works] / Edited by Manfred Ringmacher with the collaboration of Ute Tintemann, and with contributions by Jenne Klimp & Frank Zimmer. - Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2016. - viii, 496 pp. - (Wilhelm von Humboldt Schriften zur Sprachwissenschaft, 3.1). - ISBN 978-3-506-78416-2 JF - Historiographia Linguistica Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00090.has SN - 1569-9781 SN - 0302-5160 VL - 48 IS - 2-3 SP - 323 EP - 331 PB - Benjamins CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omane, Paul Okyere A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Acquiring syntactic variability BT - The production of Wh-questions in children and adults speaking Akan JF - Frontiers in communication N2 - This paper investigates the predictions of the Derivational Complexity Hypothesis by studying the acquisition of wh-questions in 4- and 5-year-old Akan-speaking children in an experimental approach using an elicited production and an elicited imitation task. Akan has two types of wh-question structures (wh-in-situ and wh-ex-situ questions), which allows an investigation of children’s acquisition of these two question structures and their preferences for one or the other. Our results show that adults prefer to use wh-ex-situ questions over wh-in-situ questions. The results from the children show that both age groups have the two question structures in their linguistic repertoire. However, they differ in their preferences in usage in the elicited production task: while the 5-year-olds preferred the wh-in-situ structure over the wh-ex-situ structure, the 4-year-olds showed a selective preference for the wh-in-situ structure in who-questions. These findings suggest a developmental change in wh-question preferences in Akan-learning children between 4 and 5 years of age with a so far unobserved u-shaped developmental pattern. In the elicited imitation task, all groups showed a strong tendency to maintain the structure of in-situ and ex-situ questions in repeating grammatical questions. When repairing ungrammatical ex-situ questions, structural changes to grammatical in-situ questions were hardly observed but the insertion of missing morphemes while keeping the ex-situ structure. Together, our findings provide only partial support for the Derivational Complexity Hypothesis. KW - Akan KW - wh-questions KW - wh-in-situ KW - wh-ex-situ KW - derivational complexity KW - language acquisition Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.604951 SN - 2297-900X VL - 2021 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czapka, Sophia A1 - Wotschack, Christiane A1 - Klassert, Annegret A1 - Festman, Julia T1 - A path to the bilingual advantage BT - pairwise matching of individuals JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition N2 - Matching participants (as suggested by Hope, 2015) may be one promising option for research on a potential bilingual advantage in executive functions (EF). In this study we first compared performances in three EF-tasks of a naturally heterogeneous sample of monolingual (n = 69, age = 9.0 y) and multilingual children (n = 57, age = 9.3 y). Secondly, we meticulously matched participants pairwise to obtain two highly homogeneous groups to rerun our analysis and investigate a potential bilingual advantage. The initally disadvantaged multilinguals (regarding socioeconomic status and German lexicon size) performed worse in updating and response inhibition, but similarly in interference inhibition. This indicates that superior EF compensate for the detrimental effects of the background variables. After matching children pairwise on age, gender, intelligence, socioeconomic status and German lexicon size, performances became similar except for interference inhibition. Here, an advantage for multilinguals in the form of globally reduced reaction times emerged, indicating a bilingual executive processing advantage. KW - executive functions KW - bilingualism KW - interference inhibition KW - pairwise KW - matching KW - primary school children KW - background variables KW - lexicon size Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728919000166 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 23 IS - 2 SP - 344 EP - 354 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Felser, Claudia A1 - Drummer, Janna-Deborah T1 - Binding out of relative clauses in native and non-native sentence comprehension JF - Journal of psycholinguistic research N2 - Pronouns can sometimes covary with a non c-commanding quantifier phrase (QP). To obtain such 'telescoping' readings, a semantic representation must be computed in which the QP's semantic scope extends beyond its surface scope. Non-native speakers have been claimed to have more difficulty than native speakers deriving such non-isomorphic syntax-semantics mappings, but evidence from processing studies is scarce. We report the results from an eye-movement monitoring experiment and an offline questionnaire investigating whether native and non-native speakers of German can link personal pronouns to non c-commanding QPs inside relative clauses. Our results show that both participant groups were able to obtain telescoping readings offline, but only the native speakers showed evidence of forming telescoping dependencies during incremental parsing. During processing the non-native speakers focused on a discourse-prominent, non-quantified alternative antecedent instead. The observed group differences indicate that non-native comprehenders have more difficulty than native comprehenders computing scope-shifted representations in real time. KW - Pronoun binding KW - c-command KW - Eye-movement monitoring KW - Non-native language KW - processing KW - German Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-022-09845-z SN - 0090-6905 SN - 1573-6555 VL - 51 IS - 4 SP - 763 EP - 788 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Bowler, Margit A1 - Hsieh, I-Ta Chris A1 - Shen, Zheng A1 - Korat, Omer A1 - Tran, Thuan ED - Grubic, Mira ED - Mucha, Anne T1 - Proceedings of the Semantics of African, Asian and Austronesian Languages (TripleA) 2 N2 - TripleA is a workshop series founded by linguists from the University of Tübingen and the University of Potsdam. Its aim is to provide a forum for semanticists doing fieldwork on understudied languages, and its focus is on languages from Africa, Asia, Australia and Oceania. The second TripleA workshop was held at the University of Potsdam, June 3-5, 2015. KW - formal semantics KW - understudied languages KW - Warlpiri KW - Mandarin KW - Hebrew KW - Vietnamese Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91742 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hall, Joan Kelly A1 - Malabarba, Taiane A1 - Kimura, Daisuke T1 - What’s Symmetrical? BT - A Teacher’s Cooperative Management of Learner Turns in a Read-aloud Activity JF - The Embodied Work of Teaching N2 - This chapter investigates teacher management of learner turns in an American second-grade classroom during a read-aloud activity. A read-aloud is a whole-group instructional activity which involves a teacher read-ing aloud a book to a cohort of students as they listen (Tainio & Slotte, 2017). Using ethnomethodological conversation analysis (EMCA) and drawing on the concepts of alignment and affi liation (Steensig, 2012; Stivers, 2008; Stivers et al., 2011), we investigate how embodied practices such as gaze, facial expressions, body positioning and gestures in addition to verbal practices are used by the teacher separately and together to respond to learner turns in ways that keep the learners aff ectively engaged and, at the same time, ensure the orderly progression of the lesson. Our analysis shows that teacher cooperative management of learners’ turns involves: (1) orient-ing to them as affi liative tokens in order to neutralize their disaligning force while still treating learners as cooperative participants in the activity; and (2) managing turns not only according to their sequential positions and the actions they project but, just as importantly, to the larger instructional proj-ect being accomplished. The study contributes to the re-specifi cation of the everyday grounds of teaching in order to broaden understandings of the specialized nature of such work (Macbeth, 2014). Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-78892-548-8 SN - 978-1-78892-550-1 SN - 978-1-78892-549-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21832/9781788925501-006 VL - 75 SP - 37 EP - 56 PB - Multilingual Matters CY - Bristol ER - TY - THES A1 - Breakell Fernandez, Leigh T1 - Investigating word order processing using pupillometry and event-related potentials T1 - Untersuchung von Wortfolge-Verarbeitungen unter Verwendung von Pupillometrie und EEG N2 - In this thesis sentence processing was investigated using a psychophysiological measure known as pupillometry as well as Event-Related Potentials (ERP). The scope of the the- sis was broad, investigating the processing of several different movement constructions with native speakers of English and second language learners of English, as well as word order and case marking in German speaking adults and children. Pupillometry and ERP allowed us to test competing linguistic theories and use novel methodologies to investigate the processing of word order. In doing so we also aimed to establish pupillometry as an effective way to investigate the processing of word order thus broadening the methodological spectrum. N2 - Die Doktorarbeit befasste sich mit der Untersuchung von Satzverarbeitung mittels der psychophysiologischen Methode Pupillometrie sowie EEG .Sie umfasst die Untersuchung verschiedener syntaktischer Konstruktionen und Kasusmarkierungen, deren Verarbeitung bei Muttersprachlern und Zweitsprachenlernern des Englischen sowie deutschsprachigen Erwachsenen und Kindern getestet wurden. Pupillometrie und EEG machten es möglich, konkurrierende linguistische Theorien zu testen und neuartige Methodiken zur Untersuchung der Verarbeitung von Wortfolgen zu nutzen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt bestand darin, Pupillometrie als effektive Art der Untersuchung von Wortfolge-Verarbeitungen zu etablieren und damit das methodologische Spektrum zu erweitern. KW - pupillometry KW - ERP KW - movement structures KW - L2 KW - word order processing KW - child language processing KW - auditory sentence processing KW - Verarbeitung von Zweitsprachen KW - EEG KW - Verarbeitung von Wortfolgen KW - Pupillometrie KW - Eye-Tracking Satzverarbeitung KW - Sprachverarbeitung bei Kindern Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91438 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haßler, Gerda ED - Gérard, Christophe ED - Missire, Régis T1 - La relation entre la philosophie du langage et la sémantique chez Coseriu T2 - Eugenio Coseriu aujourd’hui : linguistique et philosophie du langage Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-2-35935-114-9 SP - 21 EP - 33 PB - Lambert-Lucas CY - Limoges ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berner, Elisabeth A1 - Böhm, Manuela A1 - Erfurt, Jürgen T1 - Nach dem Turn ist vor dem Turn BT - Ein Prolog JF - Nach dem linguistic turn : Sprachwissenschaft im Wandel (Osnabrücker Beiträge zur Sprachtheorie) N2 - „Die Beiträge in diesem Band beleuchten aus verschiedenen Perspektiven die (…) Veränderungen der Sprachwissenschaft im Zuge des linguistic turn. Sie gehen zurück auf ein Festkolloquium zu Ehren des 65. Geburtstages von Joachim Gessinger, das am 25. und 26. Juni 2010 in Potsdam stattgefunden hat. Ziel des Kolloquiums war es, Ansätze, Theoriebildungen und methodische Zugriffe in der Sprachwissenschaft seit dem linguistic turn in den Blick zu nehmen. Diese Frage nach einer Standortbestimmung der sprachwissenschaftlichen Forschung in Deutschland steht auch im Mittelpunkt der nun publizierten Fassung der Beiträge, die von Vertreterinnen und Vertretern ausgewählter Teildisziplinen stammen, die die inhaltliche, theoretische und methodische Ausrichtung ihres Forschungsfeldes reflektieren.“ (Manuela Böhm, Elisabeth Berner & Jürgen Erfurt, OBST 78: S. 13) Inhalt: Manuela Böhm, Elisabeth Berner & Jürgen Erfurt: Nach dem Turn ist vor dem Turn. Ein Prolog; Michael Elmentaler: Zur Pragmatisierung der Sprachgeschichte. Eine Standortbestimmung anhand neuerer Sprachgeschichten des Deutschen; Ingrid Schröder: Dialekte im Kontakt. Individuelle Ausformungen des Sprachrepertoires; Bernd Pompino-Marschall: Die rezente Entwicklung in der Phonetik: Vom verbrannten Zeigefinger zu Praat; Gisbert Fanselow: Kann die Linguistik das Jahr 2024 erleben? Und die Syntax das Jahr 2014?; Elke Nowak: Nach dem linguistic turn – die neue Wissenschaft von der Sprache und die Sprachen; Utz Maas: Linguistische Schattenspiele: sprachwissenschaftliche Arbeiten zur Schriftkultur; Ulrich Schmitz: Linguistica ancilla mediorum? Sprachwissenschaft und Medien 1960-2010: Von kühler Distanz zu teilnehmender Beobachtung & von Textmaterial zu multimodaler Verblendung; Eduard Haueis: Didaktik und Linguistik: Wie die Modellierung sprachlichen Wissens und Könnens mit dem Bestehenbleiben oder dem Überwinden von Bildungsschranken zusammenhängt; Joachim Gessinger: Vor dem linguistic turn. Ein Epilog Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-942158-02-2 IS - 78 SP - 9 EP - 22 PB - Red. Obst CY - Duisburg ER - TY - THES A1 - Gollrad, Anja T1 - Prosodic cue weighting in sentence comprehension T1 - Gewichtung prosodischer cues bei der Verarbeitung kasusambiger Strukturen BT - processing German case ambiguous structures N2 - Gegenstand der Dissertation ist die Untersuchung der Gewichtung prosodischer Korrelate der Phrasierung im Deutschen, insbesondere der Dauer- und Grundfrequenzeigenschaften auf der Ebene der phonologischen Phrase (φ) und der Intonationsphrase (ι). Für die prosodische Domäne der phonologischen Phrase und der Intonationsphrase gilt als belegt, dass sie häuptsächlich durch phonetische Parameter der präfinalen Dehnung (Lehiste, 1973; Klatt, 1976; Price et al., 1991; Turk & White, 1999), der Pausendauer (Fant & Kruckenberg, 1996) und der Veränderung der Grundfrequenz (Pierrehumbert, 1980) ausgedrückt werden, wobei die phonetischen grenzmarkierenden Eigenschaften eher quantitativer als qualitativer Natur sind. Ebenfalls ist bekannt, dass auf der anderen Seite Hörer diese phonetischen Eigenschaften der Sprecher nutzen, um die prosodische Struktur einer Äußerung zu ermitteln (Snedeker & Trueswell, 2003; Kraljic & Brennan, 2005). Perzeptuelle Evidenz aus dem Englischen und Niederländischen deuten allerdings darauf hin, dass sich Sprachen hinsichtlich der entscheidenden Korrelate, die für die Perzeption der Domänen konsultiert werden, unterscheiden (Aasland & Baum, 2003; Sanderman & Collier, 1997; Scott, 1982; Streeter, 1978). Die grenzmarkierenden phonetischen Korrelate der Domänen werden in der Perzeption unterschiedlich stark gewichtet, was sich im Konzept eines sprachspezifischen prosodischen cue weightings ausdrückt. Für das Deutsche ist allerdings nicht hinreichend bekannt, welche dieser drei phonetischen Parameter die wichtigste Rolle für die Perzeption der phonologischen Phrasengrenze und der Intonationsphrasengrenze spielt. Ziel der Dissertation war es, diejenigen phonetischen Merkmale zu identifizieren, die für die Perzeption der phonologischen Phrasengrenze und der Intonationsphrasengrenze entscheidend sind und sich somit für die Bildung der jeweiligen prosodischen Phrasengrenze als notwendig herausstellen. Die Identifikation und Gewichtung eines phonetischen Merkmals erfolgte in der vorliegenden Arbeit durch die Effekte prosodischer Manipulation der phonetischen Korrelate an phonologischen Phrasengrenzen und Intonationsphrasengrenzen auf die Disambiguierung lokaler syntaktischer Ambiguitäten in der Perzeption. Der Einfluss einzelner phonetischer Merkmale wurde in einem forced-choice Experiment evaluiert, bei dem Hörern syntaktisch ambige Satzfragmente auditiv präsentiert wurden und ihnen anschließend die Aufgabe zukam, aus einer Auswahl an disambiguierenden Satzvervollständigung zu wählen. Die Anzahl der ausgewählten Satzvervollständigungen pro Satzbedingung änderte sich in Abhängigkeit der prosodischen Manipulation der präfinalen Dehnung, der Pausendauer und der Grundfrequenz, wodurch der Einfluss eines einzelnen phonetischen Merkmals auf den Disambiguierungsprozess sichtbar wurde. Ein phonetischer Parameter wurde genau dann als notwendig klassifiziert, wenn sich durch seine Manipulation die Fähigkeit zur Disambiguierung der syntaktischen Strukturen signifikant reduzierte, oder gänzlich scheiterte, und somit die Wahrnehmung prosodischer Kategorien beinflusst wurde (Heldner, 2001). Hat sich in der Perzeption ein phonetisches Merkmal als notwendig herausgestellt, wurde nachfolgend eine optimalitätstheoretische Modellierung vorgeschlagen, die die phonetischen Eigenschaften auf eine (abstrakte) phonologische Strukturerstellung beschreibt. Dieser Verarbeitungsschritt entspricht dem Teilbereich des Perzeptionsprozesses, der in Boersma & Hamann (2009), Escudero (2009) und Féry et al. (2009) unter anderen als Phonetik-Phonologie-Mapping beschrieben wird. Die Dissertation hat folgende Hauptergebnisse hervorgebracht: (1) Für die Perzeption phonologischer Phrasengrenzen und Intonationsphrasengrenzen werden nicht alle messbaren phonetischen Grenzmarkierungen gleichermaßen stark genutzt. Das phonetische Merkmal der präfinalen Dehnung ist auf der Ebene der kleineren prosodischen Domäne, der phonologischen Phrase, notwendig. Die Information der Grundfrequenz in der Form von Grenztönen ist in der größeren Domäne der Intonationsphrase notwendig und damit ausschlaggebend für die Perzeption der prosodischen Phrasengrenze. (2) Auf der Ebene der φ-Phrase werden phonetische Eigenschaften der segmentalen Dauer in Form präfinalen Dehnung zur Bildung abstrakter phonologischer Repräsentationen herangezogen werden. Längenconstraints schreiben syntaktische Konstituenten aufgrund ihrer Inputdauern einer prosodischen Kategorie zu. Inputdauern der ersten Nominalphrase von 500ms und mehr signalisieren Finalität und sind durch eine φ- Grenze am rechten Rand markiert. Inputdauern von 400ms und weniger signalisieren Kontinuität und werden durch das Ausbleiben einer φ-Grenze am rechten Rand der ersten Nominalphrase markiert. Inputdauern, die zwischen den kritischen Längen von 400ms und 500ms variieren sind bezüglich der Bildung von φ- Grenzen ambig und können in der Perzeption nicht eindeutig disambiguiert werden. (3) Auf der Ebene der ι-Phrase wird die Bildung einer prosodischen Struktur durch die reine tonale Kontur (steigend oder fallend) an der ersten Nominalphrase gelenkt. Eine fallende Grundfrequenzkontur an der ersten Nominalphrase signalisiert Finalität und wird durch eine ι-Grenze am rechten Rand markiert. Eine steigende Kontur an der ersten Nominalphrase signalisiert phrasale Kontinuität und ist bei den vorliegenden Sätzen der Genitivbedingung gerade durch das Ausbleiben einer ι-Grenze auf der phonologischen Repräsentationseben gekennzeichnet. N2 - One of the central questions in psycholinguistic is understanding whether and how prosodic phrase boundaries are used to resolve syntactic ambiguities in sentence processing. The present work aimed to answer both, first, the effects of φ- and ι-boundaries on syntactic ambiguity resolution, and second, how the prosodic correlates of the auditory input are taken for the phonetic-phonology mapping in order to attain a meaningful sentence interpretation. With regard to the first aim, we investigated locally syntactic ambiguities involving either φ- or ι-phrase boundaries in German and the structural preference that listeners have, based on the prosodic content. The experiments described in this work show that German listeners exploit both types of prosodic phrase boundaries to resolve local syntactic ambiguities, that however, their disambiguation altered by the presence or absence of prosodic cues correlated with the corresponding boundary. Specifically, the perception data revealed that the phonetically measured prosodic correlates of each prosodic boundary such as pitch accents, boundary tones, deaccentuation and durational properties do not contribute to ambiguity resolution in equal measure. Rather, it is the case that listeners rely primarily on prefinal lengthening as a correlate of phrasing in the vicinity of φ-phrase boundaries, while at the level of the ι-phrase boundary, boundary tones serve as phrasal cues. This way the results of the present work take account of the as yet missing information on individual contributions of prosodic correlates on listeners’ disambiguation of syntactically ambiguous sentences in German. It further implies that the question of how German listeners resolve syntactic ambiguities cannot simply be attributed to the presence or absence of prosodic correlates. The interpretation of the phrasal structure rather depends on a more general picture of cohesion between prosodic correlates and prosodic boundary sizes. With respect to the second aim, the processing models proposed in the present work describe a specific phonetics-phonology mapping in the vicinity of both phrase boundaries. It is assumed that auditory sentence processing proceeds in several successively organized steps, during which listeners transform overt phonetic forms into language specific abstract surface forms. This process is referred to as phonetics-phonology mapping in the present work. Perceptual evidence resulting from the experiments of the present work suggest that the phonetics-phonology mapping is guided by the above mentioned boundary related prosodic correlates. The resulting abstract phonological structure is subjected to the syntax-prosody mapping, in turn. The outcome of the presented perception experiments are modulated in an Optimality-Theoretic framework. The offered OT-models are grounded on the assumption that single prosodic correlates are used by listeners as a signal to syntax in sentence processing. This is in line with studies arguing that the prosodic phrase structure determines the syntactic parse (Cutler et al., 1997; Warren et al., 1995; Pynte & Prieur, 1996; Snedeker & Trueswell, 2003; Kjelgaard & Speer, 1999), to name just a few. KW - prosody KW - German KW - case ambiguity KW - prosodisch KW - Cue-Gewichtung KW - Ambiguität KW - OT-Modellierung Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-81954 ER - TY - THES A1 - Harding, Eleanor Elizabeth T1 - Neurocognitive entrainment to meter influences syntactic comprehension in music and language T1 - Neurokognitives Entrainment durch Metrum beeinflusst Syntaxverständnis in Musik und Sprache BT - an individual-differences approach BT - ein Zugang über individuelle Unterschiede N2 - Meter and syntax have overlapping elements in music and speech domains, and individual differences have been documented in both meter perception and syntactic comprehension paradigms. Previous evidence insinuated but never fully explored the relationship that metrical structure has to syntactic comprehension, the comparability of these processes across music and language domains, and the respective role of individual differences. This dissertation aimed to investigate neurocognitive entrainment to meter in music and language, the impact that neurocognitive entrainment had on syntactic comprehension, and whether individual differences in musical expertise, temporal perception and working memory played a role during these processes. A theoretical framework was developed, which linked neural entrainment, cognitive entrainment, and syntactic comprehension while detailing previously documented effects of individual differences on meter perception and syntactic comprehension. The framework was developed in both music and language domains and was tested using behavioral and EEG methods across three studies (seven experiments). In order to satisfy empirical evaluation of neurocognitive entrainment and syntactic aspects of the framework, original melodies and sentences were composed. Each item had four permutations: regular and irregular metricality, based on the hierarchical organization of strong and weak notes and syllables, and preferred and non-preferred syntax, based on structurally alternate endings. The framework predicted — for both music and language domains — greater neurocognitive entrainment in regular compared to irregular metricality conditions, and accordingly, better syntactic integration in regular compared to irregular metricality conditions. Individual differences among participants were expected for both entrainment and syntactic processes. Altogether, the dissertation was able to support a holistic account of neurocognitive entrainment to musical meter and its subsequent influence on syntactic integration of melodies, with musician participants. The theoretical predictions were not upheld in the language domain with musician participants, but initial behavioral evidence in combination with previous EEG evidence suggest that perhaps non-musician language EEG data would support the framework’s predictions. Musicians’ deviation from hypothesized results in the language domain were suspected to reflect heightened perception of acoustic features stemming from musical training, which caused current ‘overly’ regular stimuli to distract the cognitive system. The individual-differences approach was vindicated by the surfacing of two factors scores, Verbal Working Memory and Time and Pitch Discrimination, which in turn correlated with multiple experimental data across the three studies. N2 - Metrum und Syntax weisen sowohl in Musik als auch Sprache ähnliche Strukturelemente auf und in beiden Domänen sind interindividuelle Unterschiede in der Wahrnehmung von Metrum und Syntax berichtet worden. Bisherige Befunde deuten eine Wechselwirkung von metrischer Struktur auf syntaktische Verarbeitung an. Bislang gibt es jedoch keine konkreten Untersuchungen, die diese Beziehung systematisch beleuchtet haben, die Vergleichbarkeit dieser Prozesse in Musik und Sprache eruiert oder den Einfluss interindividueller Unterschiede erforscht haben. Die vorliegende Dissertation zielte daher darauf ab, ein neurokognitives Phänomen — Entrainment — in Musik und Sprache zu untersuchen, dessen Einfluss auf syntaktisches Verstehen zu definieren und herauszufinden, ob individuelle Unterschiede in musikalischer Vorerfahrung, Zeitwahrnehmung oder Arbeitsgedächtnis eine entscheidende Rolle bei diesen Prozessen spielt. Es wurde ein theoretischer Rahmen entwickelt, der neuronales Entrainment, kognitives Entrainment und syntaktisches Verstehen verknüpft und bereits dokumentierte individuelle Unterschiede in der Wahrnehmung vom Metrum und in syntaktischem Verstehen berücksichtigt. Dieser Rahmen wurde sowohl für Musik als auch Sprache formuliert und mit Hilfe von Verhaltens- und EEG-Untersuchungen in drei Studien (zusammengesetzt aus sieben Experimenten) getestet. Um eine empirische Untersuchung von neurokognitivem Entrainment und syntaktischem Verstehen zu ermöglichen, wurde geeignetes Melodie- und Satzmaterial entwickelt. Jede Melodie und jeder Satz wurde in vier Variationen dargeboten: regelmäßiges/unregelmäßiges Metrum, basierend auf der hierarchischen Organisation von betonten/unbetonten Noten und Silben, und bevorzugte/nicht bevorzugte Syntax, basierend auf strukturell verschiedenen Satzenden. Es wurde erwartet, dass in beiden Domänen regelmäßiges Metrum zu größerem neurokognitiven Entrainment führt als unregelmäßiges Metrum. Individuelle Unterschiede zwischen den Teilnehmern wurden sowohl für Entrainment als auch für die syntaktische Verarbeitung erwartet. Insgesamt kann die Dissertation den Einfluss von musikalischem Metrum auf neurokognitives Entrainment sowie dessen Einfluss wiederum auf die syntaktische Integration von Melodien bestätigen. Für die Sprachverarbeitung konnten diese Zusammenhänge in der hier getesteten Stichprobe von Musikern nicht nachgewiesen werden. Frühere Befunde aus Verhaltens- und EEG-Studien legen jedoch nahe, dass Untersuchungen mit Nichtmusikern ein solches Ergebnis erbringen könnten. Dass Musiker von unseren Hypothesen abweichende Ergebnisse in der Sprachverarbeitung zeigen, kann damit zu tun haben, dass sie durch ihr musikalisches Training akustische Merkmale besser wahrnehmen, wodurch "übermäßig" reguläre Stimuli kognitive Interferenzeffekte induzieren können. Des Weiteren konnte in allen drei Studien gezeigt werden, dass individuelle Wahrnehmungsunterschiede durch zwei Faktoren definiert werden: verbales Arbeitsgedächtnis sowie Zeit- und Tonhöhenunterscheidung. KW - entrainment KW - Entrainment KW - syntax KW - Syntax KW - meter KW - Metrum KW - language KW - Sprache KW - music KW - Musik Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-102258 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schunack, Silke T1 - Processing of non-canonical word orders in an L2 T1 - Verarbeitung von nichtkanonischen Wortfolgen in der L2 BT - when small changes make no big difference BT - wenn kleine Änderungen keine große Unterschiede machen N2 - This thesis investigates the processing of non-canonical word orders and whether non-canonical orders involving object topicalizations, midfield scrambling and particle verbs are treated the same by native (L1) and non-native (L2) speakers. The two languages investigated are Norwegian and German. 32 L1 Norwegian and 32 L1 German advanced learners of Norwegian were tested in two experiments on object topicalization in Norwegian. The results from the online self-paced reading task and the offline agent identification task show that both groups are able to identify the non-canonical word order and show a facilitatory effect of animate subjects in their reanalysis. Similarly high error rates in the agent identification task suggest that globally unambiguous object topicalizations are a challenging structure for L1 and L2 speakers alike. The same participants were also tested in two experiments on particle placement in Norwegian, again using a self-paced reading task, this time combined with an acceptability rating task. In the acceptability rating L1 and L2 speakers show the same preference for the verb-adjacent placement of the particle over the non-adjacent placement after the direct object. However, this preference for adjacency is only found in the L1 group during online processing, whereas the L2 group shows no preference for either order. Another set of experiments tested 33 L1 German and 39 L1 Slavic advanced learners of German on object scrambling in ditransitive clauses in German. Non-native speakers accept both object orders and show neither a preference for either order nor a processing advantage for the canonical order. The L1 group, in contrast, shows a small, but significant preference for the canonical dative-first order in the judgment and the reading task. The same participants were also tested in two experiments on the application of the split rule in German particle verbs. Advanced L2 speakers of German are able to identify particle verbs and can apply the split rule in V2 contexts in an acceptability judgment task in the same way as L1 speakers. However, unlike the L1 group, the L2 group is not sensitive to the grammaticality manipulation during online processing. They seem to be sensitive to the additional lexical information provided by the particle, but are unable to relate the split particle to the preceding verb and recognize the ungrammaticality in non-V2 contexts. Taken together, my findings suggest that non-canonical word orders are not per se more difficult to identify for L2 speakers than L1 speakers and can trigger the same reanalysis processes as in L1 speakers. I argue that L2 speakers’ ability to identify a non-canonical word order depends on how the non-canonicity is signaled (case marking vs. surface word order), on the constituents involved (identical vs. different word types), and on the impact of the word order change on sentence meaning. Non-canonical word orders that are signaled by morphological case marking and cause no change to the sentence’s content are hard to detect for L2 speakers. N2 - Diese Arbeit untersucht die Verarbeitung nichtkanonischer Wortfolgen und ob nichtkanonische Wortfolgen, die Objekttopikalisierung, Mittelfeldscrambling und Partikelverben beinhalten, von Muttersprachlern (L1) und Fremdsprachenlernern (L2) gleichermaßen verarbeitet werden. Die untersuchten Sprachen sind Norwegisch und Deutsch. 32 norwegische Muttersprachler und 32 fortgeschrittene deutsche Norwegischlerner wurden in zwei Experimenten zur Objekttopikalisierung im Norwegischen getestet. Die Resultate des Leseexperiments und der Agensidentifikation zeigen, dass beide Gruppen in der Lage sind die nichtkanonische Wortfolge zu identifizieren und einen fördernden Effekt von belebten Subjekten auf ihre Reanalyse zeigen. Ähnlich hohe Fehlerrate in der Agensidentifikation suggerieren, dass global unambige Objekttopikalisierungen eine anspruchsvolle Struktur für L1- und L2-Sprecher sind. Dieselben Teilnehmer wurden auch in zwei Experimenten zur Platzierung von Partikeln im Norwegischen getestet. Es wurde wieder ein Leseexperiment durchgeführt, diesmal zusammen mit einem Akzeptabilitätsrating. In diesem Rating zeigen L1- und L2-Sprecher die gleiche Präferenz für die verbnahe Platzierung der Partikel gegenüber der Platzierung nach dem direkten Objekt. Diese Präferenz findet sich im Leseexperiment nur in den Daten der L1-Gruppe, die L2-Gruppe zeigt dort keine Präferenz für eine der beiden Reihenfolgen. Eine weitere Gruppe Experimente testete 33 deutsche Muttersprachler und 39 fortgeschrittene slawische Deutschlerner zum Objektscrambling in deutschen ditransitiven Sätzen. Fremdsprachenlerner akzeptieren beide möglichen Reihenfolgen und zeigen keine Präferenz oder schnellere Verarbeitung für die kanonische Reihenfolge. Die L1-Gruppe zeigt eine numerisch kleine, aber signifikante Präferenz für die kanonische Dativ-Akkusativ-Folge im Akzeptabilitätsrating und dem Leseexperiment. Dieselben Teilnehmer wurden auch in zwei Experimenten zur Anwendung der Trennungsregel bei trennbaren Verben im Deutschen getestet. Fortgeschrittenen L2-Sprecher des Deutschen können trennbare Verben identifizieren und die Trennregel in V2-Kontexten wie dem Akzeptabilitätsrating genauso anwenden wie Muttersprachler. Allerdings zeigt die L2-Gruppe keine Sensibilität gegenüber der Grammatikalitätsmanipulation in der Leseaufgabe. Sie scheinen die zusätzliche lexikalische Information der Partikel wahrzunehmen, können jedoch getrennte Partikel nicht mit dem vorhergehenden Verb verbinden und die Ungrammatikalität der Trennung in Nicht-V2-Kontexten erkennen. Hierin unterscheiden sie sich von Mutterprachlern. Auf der Basis meiner Ergebnisse scheinen nichtkanonische Wortfolgen nicht per se schwieriger zu identifizieren zu sein für Fremdsprachlerner als für Muttersprachler und können dieselben Reanalyseprozesse auslösen. Ich argumentiere, dass die Fähigkeit von L2-Sprechern nichtkanonische Wortfolgen zu identifizieren davon abhängt, wie diese signalisiert werden (morphologische Kasusmarkierung vs. Oberflächenwordfolge), von den involvierten Konstituenten (gleiche vs. verschiedene Wortarten) und dem Einfluss der Änderung der Wortfolge auf die Satzbedeutung. Nichtkanonische Wortfolgen, die durch morphologische Kasusmarkierung signalisiert werden und keine Änderung der Satzbedeutung verursachen sind schwer zu identifizieren für Fremdsprachenlerner. KW - L2 sentence processing KW - object topicalization KW - scrambling KW - particle verbs KW - Norwegian KW - German KW - self-paced reading KW - acceptability judgments KW - Satzverarbeitung KW - Objekttopikalisierung KW - Scrambling KW - Partikelverben KW - Norwegisch KW - Leseexperiment KW - Akzeptabilitätsbewertung Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-103750 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Pili, Diana T1 - On A- and A`- dislocation in the left periphery BT - a comparative approach to the cartography of the CP-system T3 - Linguistics in Potsdam - 20 Y1 - 2003 SN - 978-3-935024-59-4 SN - 1616-7392 PB - Univ.-Bibl., Publ.-Stelle CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fuhrmeister, Pamela A1 - Smith, Garrett A1 - Myers, Emily B. T1 - Overlearning of non-native speech sounds does not result in superior consolidation after a period of sleep JF - The journal of the Acoustical Society of America N2 - Recent studies suggest that sleep-mediated consolidation processes help adults learn non-native speech sounds. However, overnight improvement was not seen when participants learned in the morning, perhaps resulting from native-language interference. The current study trained participants to perceive the Hindi dental/retroflex contrast in the morning and tested whether increased training can lead to overnight improvement. Results showed overnight effects regardless of training amount. In contrast to previous studies, participants in this study heard sounds in limited contexts (i.e., one talker and one vowel context), corroborating other findings, suggesting that overnight improvement is seen in non-native phonetic learning when variability is limited. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0000943 SN - 0001-4966 SN - 1520-8524 VL - 147 IS - 3 SP - EL289 EP - EL294 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Starke, Andreas T1 - Der Modifikationsansatz in der Stottertherapie am Beispiel der „VIERMALFÜNF Intensiven Intervalltherapie Stottern“ in Zeiten der Evidenzbasierung JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469484 SN - 978-3-86956-479-1 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 12 SP - 25 EP - 59 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richardt, Kiraten A1 - Prüß, Holger T1 - Bonner Stotterherapie BT - Umsetzung und Evaluation eines Kombinationsansatzes Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469491 SN - 978-3-86956-479-1 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 12 SP - 61 EP - 78 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiehe, Lea A1 - Weiland, Katharina A1 - Wirsam, Anke A1 - Hartung, Julia A1 - Wahl, Michael T1 - Pilotstudie zum lauten und leisen Lesen BT - Unterschiede von kindlichen Blickbewegungen in Abhängigkeit vom Lesemodus JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469539 SN - 978-3-86956-479-1 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 12 SP - 109 EP - 123 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - El Meskioui, Martina T1 - Stottern in Schule und Beruf BT - Was bietet die Bundesvereinigung Stottern & Selbsthilfe e. V. (BVSS)? JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469507 IS - 12 SP - 79 EP - 92 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Iven, Claudia A1 - Hansen, Bernd T1 - Palin Parent-Child Interaction Therapy BT - ein Konzept für stotternde Kinder ab 2;6 Jahren JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469469 SN - 978-3-86956-479-1 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anders, Kristina T1 - Die Kasseler Stottertherapie BT - Präsenztherapie und Onlinetherapie für Jugendliche und Erwachsene JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469475 SN - 978-3-86956-479-1 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 12 SP - 13 EP - 24 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haase, Tobias T1 - Rückfallvorsorge, Lebensqualität und Sprech(un)flüssigkeit BT - Die Bedeutung der Stotterer-Selbsthilfe als posttherapeutische Maßnahme JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469515 IS - 12 SP - 93 EP - 99 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Unger, Julia A1 - Buschmann, Anke A1 - Seefeld, Martin A1 - Mahlberg, Lea T1 - Die Bedeutung der Selbsthilfe zum Erreichen persönlicher Therapieziele bei stotternd sprechenden Erwachsenen JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469521 SN - 978-3-86956-479-1 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 12 SP - 101 EP - 107 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brekeller, Sophie A1 - Ryll, Katja T1 - Wortabruftherapie bei Restaphasie BT - Untersuchung der Effektivität des Bielefelder Testund Therapiematerials (BIWOS/BILEX) JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469656 SN - 978-3-86956-479-1 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 12 SP - 247 EP - 257 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Kathleen A1 - Kutz, Anne A1 - Kaps, Hella A1 - Frank, Ulrike T1 - Dysarthria Impact Profile – D BT - Anwendbarkeit des Fragebogens und Selbsteinschätzung der Dysarthrie von ParkinsonpatientInnen im Bereich der Aktivität und Partizipation JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469645 SN - 978-3-86956-479-1 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 12 SP - 241 EP - 246 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofmann, Andrea A1 - Stadie, Nicole A1 - Hanne, Sandra T1 - Konversationen mit und ohne Aphasie BT - Evaluation eines für das Deutsche adaptierten Konversationsprotokolls JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469571 SN - 978-3-86956-479-1 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 12 SP - 153 EP - 168 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fieder, Nora A1 - Abdel Rahman, Rasha A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell T1 - Die Konkurrenz schläft nie! BT - Evidenz für den lexikalischen Wettbewerb mit semantischen Nachbarn in der Wortproduktion bei älteren Sprachgesunden und aphasischen Personen JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469594 SN - 978-3-86956-479-1 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 12 SP - 181 EP - 196 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mähl, Anna Luisa A1 - Stadie, Nicole A1 - Hanne, Sandra T1 - Interventionsansätze in der Therapie der Primär Progredienten Aphasie JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469633 SN - 978-3-86956-479-1 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 12 SP - 223 EP - 239 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nousair, Iman A1 - Klassert, Annegret A1 - Wellmann, Caroline T1 - Phonologieerwerb in der Erstsprache Arabisch BT - Diagnostik der Aussprache bei arabisch-deutsch bilingualen Kindern JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469600 SN - 978-3-86956-479-1 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 12 SP - 197 EP - 209 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Verbree, Rahel A1 - van Rij, Jacolien A1 - Sprenger, Simone T1 - Mentale Beanspruchung beim Sprechen BT - Erkenntnisse aus der Pupillometrie zur flüssigen und gestotterten Sprachproduktion JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469629 SN - 978-3-86956-479-1 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 12 SP - 211 EP - 222 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niepelt, Rebekka A1 - Thomson, Jenny A1 - Schäfer, Blanca T1 - Entwicklung eines neuen psycholinguistischen Diagnostikinstrumentes für Erwachsene mit Sprachverarbeitungsproblemen JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469557 SN - 978-3-86956-479-1 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 12 SP - 143 EP - 152 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bethge, Anita A1 - Hanne, Sandra A1 - Stadie, Nicole T1 - Behandlung von Wortabrufstörungen bei Probanden mit Alzheimer Demenz BT - Semantische Komplexität und Wortflüssigkeit JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469589 SN - 978-3-86956-479-1 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 12 SP - 169 EP - 179 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wollenberg, Maxi A1 - Stadie, Nicole A1 - Hanne, Sandra T1 - Therapie von Wortfindungsstörungen bei Restaphasien: Ein systematischer Literaturüberblick und ein exemplarisches Behandlungskonzept JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474970 SN - 978-3-86956-488-3 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1869-3822 VL - 2020 IS - 13 SP - 123 EP - 137 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ulrich, Tanja T1 - Strategieorientierte Therapie mit dem »Wortschatzsammler« – (nicht nur) für Kinder mit Wortfindungsstörungen JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474881 SN - 978-3-86956-488-3 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1869-3822 VL - 2020 IS - 13 SP - 15 EP - 30 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Kerstin T1 - BILEX & BIKOMPLEX. Ein Twinset zur Therapie von Wortfindungsstörungen bei Restaphasie JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474911 SN - 978-3-86956-488-3 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1869-3822 VL - 2020 IS - 13 SP - 53 EP - 72 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klassert, Annegret T1 - Wortschatz und Wortfindung bilingualer Kinder: Fallstricke bei der Diagnostik von Sprachentwicklungsstörungen JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474929 SN - 978-3-86956-488-3 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1869-3822 VL - 2020 IS - 13 SP - 73 EP - 86 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krause, Carina Denise A1 - Wagner, Susanne A1 - Holzgrefe-Lang, Julia A1 - Lorenz, Elisa A1 - Oelze, Vera A1 - Schütz, Vivien A1 - Peinhardt, Ulrich A1 - Glück, Christian W. T1 - Diagnostik des auditiven Sprachverstehens bei Jugendlichen – die App »Leipziger Sprach-Instrumentarium Jugend« (LSI.J) JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474937 SN - 978-3-86956-488-3 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1869-3822 VL - 2020 IS - 13 SP - 87 EP - 98 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hanne, Sandra A1 - Stadie, Nicole T1 - Diagnostische Fragestellungen und evidenzbasierte Aufgaben für lexikalisch-semantische Störungen der Schriftsprache bei Aphasie JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474966 SN - 978-3-86956-488-3 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1869-3822 VL - 2020 IS - 13 SP - 111 EP - 121 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ulrich, Tanja A1 - Laßmann, Inga T1 - Entwicklung und Evaluation des strategieorientierten Förderkonzepts »Wortschatzsammler« im Unterricht JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474956 SN - 978-3-86956-488-3 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1869-3822 VL - 2020 SP - 99 EP - 109 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiehe, Lea A1 - Weiland, Katharina A1 - Wahl, Michael T1 - Prävalenz und Persistenz isolierter Lesestörungen in den Klassenstufen 1 bis 3: Eine Gegenüberstellung verschiedener Klassifikationskriterien JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-475408 SN - 978-3-86956-488-3 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1869-3822 VL - 2020 IS - 13 SP - 193 EP - 209 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gruhn, Sophie A1 - Segers, Eliane A1 - Keuning, Jos A1 - Verhoeven, Ludo T1 - Dynamischer Leseverständnistest zur Differenzierung der Lernbedürfnisse von Grundschulkindern JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-475379 SN - 978-3-86956-488-3 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1869-3822 VL - 2020 IS - 13 SP - 153 EP - 168 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Düring, Sarah A1 - Laubscheer, Ann-Katrin A1 - Heide, Judith T1 - Von »dreineun« zu »neununddreißig«: Ein Therapiebeispiel zur Zahlwortproduktion im Deutschen JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-475364 SN - 978-3-86956-488-3 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1869-3822 VL - 2020 IS - 13 SP - 139 EP - 151 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Obry, Svenja A1 - Bohn, Bianca T1 - Pragmatische Kompetenzen von Kindern mit Fetalen Alkohol-Spektrum-Störungen (FASD) JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-475387 SN - 978-3-86956-488-3 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1869-3822 VL - 2020 IS - 13 SP - 169 EP - 178 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glück, Christian W. T1 - Wortfindungsstörungen im Grundschul- und jungen Erwachsenenalter JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474850 SN - 978-3-86956-488-3 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1869-3822 VL - 2020 IS - 13 SP - 31 EP - 51 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stadie, Nicole T1 - Diagnostische Herausforderungen und evidenzbasierte Aufgaben für die Behandlung der mündlichen Wortproduktion bei Aphasie JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474827 SN - 978-3-86956-488-3 SN - 1866-9433 SN - 1869-3822 VL - 2020 IS - 13 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - De Veaugh-Geiss, Joseph P. T1 - Cleft exhaustivity T1 - Exhaustivität in Spaltsätzen BT - a unified approach to inter-speaker and cross-linguistic variability BT - ein einheitlicher Erklärungsansatz für die individuelle und cross-linguistische Variabilität N2 - In this dissertation a series of experimental studies are presented which demonstrate that the exhaustive inference of focus-background it-clefts in English and their cross-linguistic counterparts in Akan, French, and German is neither robust nor systematic. The inter-speaker and cross-linguistic variability is accounted for with a discourse-pragmatic approach to cleft exhaustivity, in which -- following Pollard & Yasavul 2016 -- the exhaustive inference is derived from an interaction with another layer of meaning, namely, the existence presupposition encoded in clefts. N2 - In dieser Dissertation wird eine Reihe von experimentellen Studien vorgestellt, die zeigen, dass die Exhaustivitätsinferenz englischer 'it'-Spaltsätze mit Fokus-Background-Gliederung und ihrer Gegenstücke in den Sprachen Akan, Französisch und Deutsch weder robust noch systematisch ist. Die individuelle und cross-linguistische Variabilität wird mit einer diskurspragmatischen Analyse der Spaltsatz-Exhaustivität erklärt, in der -- nach Pollard & Yasavul 2016 -- die Exhaustivitätsinferenz aus einer Interaktion mit einer anderen Bedeutungsebene abgeleitet wird, und zwar mit der in Spaltsätzen enthaltenen Existenzpräsupposition. KW - experimental studies KW - German KW - French KW - English KW - Akan KW - clefts KW - definite pseudoclefts KW - exhaustive inference KW - anaphoric existence presupposition KW - predicate interpretation (distributive vs. non-distributive) KW - variability KW - experimentelle Studien KW - Deutsch KW - Französisch KW - Englisch KW - Akan KW - Spaltsätze KW - definite Pseudospaltsätze KW - Exhaustivitätsinferenz KW - anaphorische Existenzpräsupposition KW - Prädikatsinterpretation (distributiv vs. nicht-distributiv) KW - Variabilität Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-446421 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Keskin, Cem T1 - On the directionality of the Balkan Turkic verb phrase BT - Variationist and theoretical perspectives JF - Languages N2 - Balkan varieties of Turkic, particularly those on the periphery of the Turkic spread area in the region, such as Gagauz and West Rumelian Turkish, are commonly observed to have head-initial verb phrases. Based on a wide survey, this paper attempts a more precise description of the pattern of VP directionality across Balkan Turkic and shows that there is considerable variation in how prevalent VX order is, a pattern that turns out to be more complex than the previous descriptions suggest: Two spectrums of directionality can be discerned between XV and VX orders, contingent upon type of the dependent of the verb and dialect locale. The paper also explores the grammatical causes underlying this shift in constituent order. First, VX order seems to be dependent upon whether a clause is nominal or not. Nonfinite clauses of the nominal type have XV order across Balkan Turkic, while finite clauses and nonfinite clauses of the converbial type show differing degrees of VX order depending on type of dependent and geographical location. Second, VX order appears to be an outcome of verb movement to the left of the dependent in finite clauses and nonfinite clauses of the converbial type, rather than head parameter shift. KW - Balkan Turkic KW - Rumelian Turkic KW - OV–VO KW - verb phrase KW - head directionality KW - nominalization KW - verb movement KW - head parameter KW - word order variation KW - microvariation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages8010002 SN - 2226-471X VL - 8 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jacob, Gunnar A1 - Katsika, Kalliopi A1 - Family, Neiloufar A1 - Allen, Shanley E. M. T1 - The role of constituent order and level of embedding in cross-linguistic structural priming JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition N2 - In two cross-linguistic priming experiments with native German speakers of L2 English, we investigated the role of constituent order and level of embedding in cross-linguistic structural priming. In both experiments, significant priming effects emerged only if prime and target were similar with regard to constituent order and also situated on the same level of embedding. We discuss our results on the basis of two current theoretical accounts of cross-linguistic priming, and conclude that neither an account based on combinatorial nodes nor an account assuming that constituent order is directly responsible for the priming effect can fully explain our data pattern. We suggest an account that explains cross-linguistic priming through a hierarchical tree representation. This representation is computed during processing of the prime, and can influence the formulation of a target sentence only when the structural features specified in it are grammatically correct in the target sentence. KW - cross-linguistic structural priming KW - constituent order KW - level of embedding KW - hierarchical tree structures Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728916000717 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 20 SP - 269 EP - 282 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiese, Heike A1 - Mayr, Katharina A1 - Krämer, Philipp A1 - Seeger, Patrick A1 - Müller, Hans-Georg A1 - Mezger, Verena T1 - Changing teachers' attitudes towards linguistic diversity BT - effects of an anti-bias programme JF - International Journal of Applied Linguistics N2 - We discuss an intervention programme for kindergarten and school teachers' continuing education in Germany that targets biases against language outside a perceived monolingual ‘standard’ and its speakers. The programme combines anti-bias methods relating to linguistic diversity with objectives of raising critical language awareness. Evaluation through teachers' workshops in Berlin and Brandenburg points to positive and enduring attitudinal changes in participants, but not in control groups that did not attend workshops, and effects were independent of personal variables gender and teaching subject and only weakly associated with age. We relate these effects to such programme features as indirect and inclusive methods that foster active engagement, and the combination of ‘safer’ topics targeting attitudes towards linguistic structures with more challenging ones dealing with the discrimination of speakers. N2 - Der Beitrag diskutiert ein Interventionsprogramm fur die Weiterbildung von Lehrer/inne/n und Erzieher/inne/n, das Vorurteile gegenuber sprachlichen Praktiken au ss erhalb eines vermeintlichen monolingualen Standarddeutschen und seinen Sprecher/inne/n fokussiert (). Das Programm verbindet Anti-bias -Methoden zur sprachlichen Vielfalt mit solchen, die auf eine Verstarkung kritischer Sprachbewusstheit abheben. Die Evaluation der Materialien in Lehrerfortbildungen in Berlin und Brandenburg weist auf positive und anhaltende Einstellungsveranderungen bei den Teilnehmer/inne/n, aber nicht bei Mitgliedern einer Kontrollgruppe, die nicht an den Fortbildungen teilnahm; die Effekte waren unabhangig von den personenbezogen Variablen Geschlecht und Lehrfach und nur schwach mit Alter assoziiert. Wir diskutieren diese Effekte im Zusammenhang mit Eigenschaften des Programms wie der Verwendung indirekter und inklusiver Methoden, die eine aktive Auseinandersetzung fordern, und der Verbindung von weniger bedrohlichen Themen, die sich auf Einstellungen gegenuber sprachlichen Strukturen beziehen, mit solchen, die die Diskrimierung von Sprecher/inne/n behandeln und daher eine gro ss ere Herausforderung darstellen KW - anti-bias KW - critical language awareness KW - language and education in multilingual settings KW - language attitudes KW - linguistic discrimination Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12121 SN - 0802-6106 SN - 1473-4192 VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 198 EP - 220 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jessen, Anna A1 - Fleischhauer, Elisabeth A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Morphological encoding in German children's language production BT - evidence from event-related brain potentials JF - Journal of child language N2 - This study reports developmental changes in morphological encoding across late childhood. We examined event-related brain potentials (ERPs) during the silent production of regularly vs. irregularly inflected verb forms (viz. -t vs. -n participles of German) in groups of eight- to ten-year-olds, eleven- to thirteen-year-olds, and adults. The adult data revealed an enhanced (right-frontal) negativity 300–450 ms after cue onset for the (silent) production of -t relative to -n past participle forms (e.g. geplant vs. gehauen ‘planned’ vs. ‘hit’). For the eleven- to thirteen-year-olds, the same enhanced negativity was found, with a more posterior distribution and a longer duration (=300–550 ms). The eight- to ten-year-olds also showed this negativity, again with a posterior distribution, but with a considerably delayed onset (800–1,000 ms). We suggest that this negativity reflects combinatorial processing required for producing -t participles in both children and adults and that the spatial and temporal modulations of this ERP effect across the three participant groups are due to developmental changes of the brain networks involved in processing morphologically complex words. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000916000118 SN - 0305-0009 SN - 1469-7602 VL - 44 SP - 427 EP - 456 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laurinaviehyute, Anna K. A1 - Chrabaszcz, Anna V. A1 - Farizova, Nina O. A1 - Tolkacheva, Valeria A. A1 - Dragoy, Olga V. T1 - Влияние сенсомоторных стереотипоВ на понимание пространстВенных конструкций BT - данные дВижений глаз BT - evidence from eye-tracking JF - Voprosy Jazykoznanij N2 - In an eye-tracking study we tested the hypothesis that comprehension is facilitated by a match between the order of the verb and its arguments in a sentence and the order of the actual sensorimotor interaction with these objects (for example, in the phrase put the bag into the box, the order of the arguments corresponds to the order of motor actions: take the bag, put it into the box) could facilitate comprehension of such constructions. We tested 40 native Russian speakers in a visual world sentence-picture matching task. In prepositional constructions, there was no difference between conditions that matched or mismatched sensorimotor stereotypes, whereas in instrumental constructions, sensorimotor stereotypes facilitated comprehension. T2 - The influence of sensorimotor stereotypes on thecomprehension of spatial constructions KW - embodied cognition KW - eye-tracking KW - language comprehension KW - reversible constructions KW - sensorimotor bias Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.31857/S0373658X0001002-1 SN - 0373-658X IS - 3 SP - 99 EP - 109 PB - Nauka CY - Moskva ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langus, Alan A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Object individuation and labelling in 6-month-old infants JF - Infant behavior & development N2 - The ability to determine how many objects are involved in physical events is fundamental for reasoning about the world that surrounds us. Previous studies suggest that infants can fail to individuate objects in ambiguous occlusion events until their first birthday and that learning words for the objects may play a crucial role in the development of this ability. The present eye-tracking study tested whether the classical object individuation experiments underestimate young infants’ ability to individuate objects and the role word learning plays in this process. Three groups of 6-month-old infants (N = 72) saw two opaque boxes side by side on the eye-tracker screen so that the content of the boxes was not visible. During a familiarization phase, two visually identical objects emerged sequentially from one box and two visually different objects from the other box. For one group of infants the familiarization was silent (Visual Only condition). For a second group of infants the objects were accompanied with nonsense words so that objects’ shape and linguistic labels indicated the same number of objects in the two boxes (Visual & Language condition). For the third group of infants, objects’ shape and linguistic labels were in conflict (Visual vs. Language condition). Following the familiarization, it was revealed that both boxes contained the same number of objects (e.g. one or two). In the Visual Only condition, infants looked longer to the box with incorrect number of objects at test, showing that they could individuate objects using visual cues alone. In the Visual & Language condition infants showed the same looking pattern. However, in the Visual vs Language condition infants looked longer to the box with incorrect number of objects according to linguistic labels. The results show that infants can individuate objects in a complex object individuation paradigm considerably earlier than previously thought and that linguistic cues enforce their own preference in object individuation. The results are consistent with the idea that when language and visual information are in conflict, language can exert an influence on how young infants reason about the visual world. KW - Object individuation KW - Object labelling KW - Cognitive development KW - Language KW - development Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101627 SN - 0163-6383 SN - 1879-0453 VL - 65 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Felser, Claudia A1 - Phillips, Colin A1 - Wagers, Matthew T1 - Editorial: Encoding and Navigating Linguistic Representations in Memory T2 - Frontiers in psychology KW - sentence comprehension KW - encoding KW - memory retrieval KW - interference KW - anaphor resolution KW - agreement processing KW - filler-gap dependencies Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00164 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gianelli, Claudia A1 - Marzocchi, Michele A1 - Borghi, Anna M. T1 - Grasping the Agent’s Perspective BT - a Kinematics Investigation of Linguistic Perspective in Italian and German JF - Frontiers in psychology KW - perspective taking KW - action KW - language comprehension KW - motor chains KW - motor system KW - motor resonance KW - pronouns KW - action verbs Y1 - 0107 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00042 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mucha, Anne T1 - Past interpretation and graded tense in Medumba JF - Natural language semantics : an international journal of semantics and its interfaces in grammar N2 - This paper provides a formal semantic analysis of past interpretation in Medumba (Grassfields Bantu), a graded tense language. Based on original fieldwork, the study explores the empirical behavior and meaning contribution of graded past morphemes in Medumba and relates these to the account of the phenomenon proposed in Cable (Nat Lang Semant 21:219-276, 2013) for GA (c) ky. Investigation reveals that the behavior of Medumba gradedness markers differs from that of their GA (c) ky counterparts in meaningful ways and, more broadly, discourages an analysis as presuppositional eventuality or reference time modifiers. Instead, the Medumba markers are most appropriately analyzed as quantificational tenses. It also turns out that Medumba, though belonging to the typological class of graded tense languages, shows intriguing similarities to genuinely tenseless languages in allowing for temporally unmarked sentences and exploiting aspectual and pragmatic cues for reference time resolution. The more general cross-linguistic implication of the study is that the set of languages often subsumed under the label "graded tense" does not in fact form a natural class and that more case-by-case research is needed to refine this category. KW - Graded tense KW - Past interpretation KW - Grassfields Bantu Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11050-016-9128-1 SN - 0925-854X SN - 1572-865X VL - 25 SP - 1 EP - 52 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haendler, Yair A1 - Adani, Flavia T1 - Testing the effect of an arbitrary subject pronoun on relative clause comprehension BT - a study with Hebrew-speaking children JF - Journal of child language N2 - Previous studies have found that Hebrew-speaking children accurately comprehend object relatives (OR) with an embedded non-referential arbitrary subject pronoun (ASP). The facilitation of ORs with embedded pronouns is expected both from a discourse-pragmatics perspective and within a syntax-based locality approach. However, the specific effect of ASP might also be driven by a mismatch in grammatical features between the head noun and the pronoun, or by its relatively undemanding referential properties. We tested these possibilities by comparing ORs whose embedded subject is either ASP, a referential pronoun, or a lexical noun phrase. In all conditions, grammatical features were controlled. In a referent-identification task, the matching features made ORs with embedded pronouns difficult for five-year-olds. Accuracy was particularly low when the embedded pronoun was referential. These results indicate that embedded pronouns do not facilitate ORs across the board, and that the referential properties of pronouns affect OR processing. KW - relative clauses KW - pronouns KW - referentiality Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000917000599 SN - 0305-0009 SN - 1469-7602 VL - 45 IS - 4 SP - 959 EP - 980 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drummer, Janna-Deborah A1 - Felser, Claudia T1 - Cataphoric pronoun resolution in native and non-native sentence comprehension JF - Journal of memory and language N2 - Encountering a cataphoric pronoun triggers a search for a suitable referent. Previous research indicates that this search is constrained by binding Condition C, which prohibits coreference between a cataphoric pronoun and a referential expression within its c-command domain. We report the results from a series of eye-movement monitoring and questionnaire experiments investigating cataphoric pronoun resolution in German. Given earlier findings suggesting that the application of structure-sensitive constraints on reference resolution may be delayed in non-native language processing, we tested both native and proficient non-native speakers of German. Our results show that cataphoric pronouns trigger an active search in both native and non-native comprehenders. Whilst both participant groups demonstrated awareness of Condition C in an offline task, we found Condition C effects to be restricted to later processing measures during online reading. This indicates that during natural reading, Condition C applies as a relatively late filter on potential coreference assignments. KW - Cataphoric pronouns KW - Reference resolution KW - Condition C KW - Eye-movement monitoring KW - Bilingual processing KW - German Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2018.04.001 SN - 0749-596X SN - 1096-0821 VL - 101 SP - 97 EP - 113 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abakarova, Dzhuma A1 - Iskarous, Khalil A1 - Noiray, Aude T1 - Quantifying lingual coarticulation in German using mutual information BT - an ultrasound study JF - The journal of the Acoustical Society of America N2 - In previous research, mutual information (MI) was employed to quantify the physical information shared between consecutive phonological segments, based on electromagnetic articulography data. In this study, MI is extended to quantifying coarticulatory resistance (CR) versus overlap in German using ultrasound imaging. Two measurements are tested as input to MI: (1) the highest point on the tongue body and (2) the first coefficient of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the whole tongue contour. Both measures are used to examine changes in coarticulation between two time points during the syllable span: the consonant midpoint and the vowel onset. Results corroborate previous findings reporting differences in coarticulatory overlap in German and across languages. Further, results suggest that MI used with the highest point on the tongue body captures distinctions related both to place and manner of articulation, while the first DFT coefficient does not provide any additional information regarding global (whole tongue) as opposed to local (individual articulator) aspects of CR. However, both methods capture temporal distinctions in coarticulatory resistance between the two time points. Results are discussed with respect to the potential of MI measure to provide a way of unifying coarticulation quantification methods across data collection techniques. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1121/1.5047669 SN - 0001-4966 SN - 1520-8524 VL - 144 IS - 2 SP - 897 EP - 907 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ronasi, Golnoush A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Zimmermann, Malte T1 - Language and Arithmetic BT - a failure to find cross cognitive domain semantic priming between exception phrases and subtraction or addition JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - We examined cross-domain semantic priming effects between arithmetic and language. We paired subtractions with their linguistic equivalent, exception phrases (EPs) with positive quantifiers (e.g., "everybody except John") while pairing additions with their own linguistic equivalent, EPs with negative quantifiers (e.g., "nobody except John"; Moltmann, 1995). We hypothesized that EPs with positive quantifiers prime subtractions and inhibit additions while EPs with negative quantifiers prime additions and inhibit subtractions. Furthermore, we expected similar priming and inhibition effects from arithmetic into semantics. Our design allowed for a bidirectional analysis by using one trial's target as the prime for the next trial. Two experiments failed to show significant priming effects in either direction. Implications and possible shortcomings are explored in the general discussion. KW - cross-domain priming KW - language KW - arithmetic KW - information integration KW - cognitive module Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01524 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohnen, Saskia A1 - Nickels, Lyndsey A1 - Geigis, Leonie A1 - Coltheart, Max A1 - McArthur, Genevieve A1 - Castles, Anne T1 - Variations within a subtype BT - Developmental surface dyslexias in English JF - Cortex : a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behaviour N2 - Surface dyslexia is characterised by poor reading of irregular words while nonword reading can be completely normal. Previous work has identified several theoretical possibilities for the underlying locus of impairment in surface dyslexia. In this study, we systematically investigated whether children with surface dyslexia showed different patterns of reading performance that could be traced back to different underlying levels of impairment. To do this, we tested 12 English readers, replicating previous work in Hebrew (Gvion & Friedmann, 2013; 2016; Friedmann & Lukov, 2008; Friedmann & Gvion, 2016). In our sample, we found that poor irregular word reading was associated with deficits at the level of the orthographic input lexicon and with impaired access to meaning and spoken word forms after processing written words in the orthographic input lexicon. There were also children whose surface dyslexia seemed to be caused by impairments of the phonological output lexicon. We suggest that further evidence is required to unequivocally support a fourth pattern where the link between orthography and meaning is intact while the link between orthography and spoken word forms is not functioning. All patterns found were consistent with dual route theory while possible patterns of results, which would be inconsistent with dual route theory, were not detected. Crown Copyright (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Reading difficulties KW - Proximal causes KW - Dissociations KW - Development Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2018.04.008 SN - 0010-9452 SN - 1973-8102 VL - 106 SP - 151 EP - 163 PB - Elsevier CY - Paris ER - TY - BOOK ED - Frank, Ulrike ED - Pluschinski, Petra ED - Hofmayer, Andrea ED - Duchac, Stefanie T1 - FAQ Dysphagie BT - Antworten - prägnant und praxisnah N2 - Im Frage-Antwort-Format geht das Buch auf Diagnostik und Therapie von Schluckstörungen ein. Ob durch einen Schlaganfall, Tumoren im Kopf-Hals-Bereich oder neurologische Erkrankungen - die Zahl der Dysphagie-Patienten steigt und damit ist auch für Sprachtherapeuten mehr und mehr umfassendes Wissen zu diesem Thema erforderlich. Das Buch geht auf Dysphagie bei den unterschiedlichen Erkrankungen ein, informiert aber auch über das Dysphagie-Management auf einer Intensivstation und beantwortet Fragen zur Dysphagie bei COVID-19-Patienten. Mit Geleitfrage: Wenn ich mich verschlucke: wo bin ich dann? Die Antwort auf diese philosophische Frage gibt Dr. Eckart von Hirschhausen. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-437-44720-4 SN - 978-3-437-09914-4 PB - Urban & Fischer in Elsevier CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kosta, Peter T1 - Rezension zu: Bednaříková, Božena: Slovo a jeho konverze. - Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci. Filozofická fakulta, 2009. - S. 253. - ISBN 978-80-244-2220-6 JF - Zeitschrift für Slawistik N2 - The book by Božena Bednaříková, Slovo a jeho konverze (‘BSJK’), was originally published in 2009. However, in our view, there has not yet been given a due consideration and certainly not recognition as a genuine new territory of word formation. This is the reason to write a short review in order to give this book the consideration it has by large and far deserved. For in this book, two theoretically interesting working hypotheses are represented and covered by numerous examples of the Czech contemporary language: (i) conversion is the central process (not derivation), and (ii) conversion belongs to morphology and not (just) to word formation. The book is divided into 9 sections. The section 1 (p. 13–14) gives the road map of the book, in section 2 (p. 15–42), the central concern about the position of word as a central unit of morphology (form formation) is established. In this chapter, the traditional views of Czech descriptive and Academic grammars but also manuals and handbooks or teacher’s books for high schools are reviewed. In most of them, word formation is considered being a part of lexicology, and not an integral part of morphology or better form formation. The review serves not only the improvement towards a unifying grammatical terminology in academic circles (university and academy of science) but it should also improve the quality of teaching at elementary and high schools (cf. 2.6., p. 31–42: Školský exkurz). Bednaříková is famous for her leading role as missing link between the Academia and the consumers of grammars. In chapter 3, entitled Návrat slova ‘The return of the word’ (into the Morphology, p. 43–54), arguments in favor of a morphological approach are raised. In this important methodological chapter, the main reasons are given why the word must be a central part of the form formation (morphology/grammar) and not of the lexicology. In addition, key terms such as stem, root and affix are subject to revision. The chapter is very brief, but very precise in its reasoning and arguments, in which the formal teaching is assigned a central supporting role in the context of conversion and transposition. In chapter 4 Slovo jako slovní druh (‘The word as a pars orationis’, p. 55–70), the syntactic function of transposition of one pars orationis to another with the means of conversion is considered. In Chapter 5, the central role of morphology for word formation is analyzed taking as starting point Mel’čuks theory which is understood as the analysis of morphological processes (cf. Mel’čuk, I. 2000. Morphological processes. In G. Booji, Ch. Lehmann, J. Mugdan, & S. Skopeteas (eds.), Morphologie/Morphology. Vol. 1, 523–535. Berlin & New York). The innovative part of the book are without any doubt the chapters 6–9, in which the internal structure of the word is introduced (chapter 6, 79–122), furthermore the part of speech transfer (or PS Transfer) including the conversion (Chapter 7, 123–149), once more the transposition understood as the shift from one part of speech to the other and concentrating on nouns, verbs and adjectives (Chapter 8, 150–201), and, finally, transflexion, “transflexe” (chapter 9, 203–219), which belongs rather to the domain of derivation than to a new type of word formation, and which does not include the transposition from one part of speech to another but rather the transition from one declension class to another. However, it is to be criticized that in some chapters, certain systematics are missing (this is expressed for example in the repetition of the same phenomenon in several places), and the illustrations in the form of derivation trees or the abbreviations are not always transparent and explicitly defined. It took a very long time until I received information about the abbreviation “S”. I would now like to give a short statement concerning the innovative potential and the contribution of the book itself as compared to the western standard on the same topic. At the beginning of the monograph, the author raises the central concerns of her two hypotheses. In her study, she is concerned with the bases of morphemic analysis of word formation and with the function of the syntagma. In view of methodology, two central acts of actualization are, following Mathesius’ terminology, under review: first, the category called “pojmenovávací”, and second, the category called “usouvztažňovací” (cf. also Mathesius, V. 1982. Jazyk, kultura a slovesnost; Daneš, F. 1991.Mathesiova koncepce funkční gramatiky v kontextu dnešní jazykovědy. In SaS 52. 161–174 and Panevová, J. 2010. Kategorie pojmenovávací a usouvztažňovací [Jak František Daneš rozvíjí Viléma Mathesia]. In S. Čmejrková & J. Hoffmannová ad. [eds.], Užívání a prožívání jazyka, 21–26.). Her major concern is thus to establish a missing link between an analysis of word formation and form formation (morphology). Her morphemic analysis of word formation processes wants to “combat traditional school views of word formation as a (mechanical) connection of the root, prefix, and suffix”. Doing so, she analyzes in the book the relationship between transfer, transposition (as change of partes orationis) and conversion (as the operation process serving transposition). In the last chapter 8, BSJK re-introduces and refines the term transflection (BSJK 2009,13). This book is important for its consistent satisfactory treatment of the term conversion as a morphological process in the Czech tradition; still we cannot confirm that in European context, this topic would be “seriously under-researched” (cited from the introduction, Chapter 1, p. 13). The contrary is true, in context of English word formation besides the most influential work by Marchand (Marchand, H. 1996. The categories and types of present-day English word-formation: A synchronic diachronic approach. 2nd ed. München), conversion as the most productive process of word formation has become perhaps the most researched object recently: to mention just a few influential monographs: Martsa, S. 2013. Conversion in English: A Cognitive Semantic Approach. Cambridge; Vogel, P. M. 1996. Wortarten und Wortartenwechsel. Berlin & New York. The word formation called conversion originally comes from analytic languages such as English and French. Especially English is a language in which the derivation of a noun from a verb and vice versa causes a considerable large amount of homonymous forms in the dictionary and of course, this is not just a problem of morphology but especially a problem of any theoretical approach to language acquisition, cognitive semantics or even generative morphosyntax. Thus, in his seminal book, Language Instinct (1995), Steven Pinker argues persuasively that prescriptive grammar rules disallowing, among other things, the sentence-final use of prepositions, the splitting of infinitives and the conversion of nouns to verbs are both useless and nonsensical (371–379). As regards the conversion of nouns to verbs, he says: “[i]n fact the easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English English” (ibidem: 379). To illustrate the easiness characterizing this type of conversion, he lists verbs converted from nouns designating human body parts, some of which are reproduced in (1): (1) head a committee, scalp a missionary, eye a babe, nose around the office, mouth the lyrics, tongue each note on the flute, neck in the back seat, back the candidate, arm the militia, shoulder the burden, elbow your way in, finger the culprit, knuckle under, thumb a ride, belly up to the bar, stomach someone’s complaints, knee the goalie, leg it across the town, foot the bill, toe the line (cf. Pinker, S. 1995. The Language Instinct. New York, 379–380 and Pinker, S. 1996. Language learnability and language development. Cambridge MA) Pinker estimates that approximately a fifth of English verbs originate from nouns, which, as documented extensively in Clark & Clark (Clark, E. V. & H. H. Clark. 1979. When nouns surface as verbs. In Language 55. 767–811), may also have to do with the fact that new or innovative verbs in English arise predominantly from conversion of nouns to verbs. Without questioning the dominance of noun to verb conversion, I shall claim in this review that it is not only the easy conversion of verbs from nouns, but, more broadly, conversion as a word-formation process that makes English English. Consider, for instance, (2) below demonstrating that the easiness of forming conversion verbs equally characterizes, though in a lesser degree, the conversion of nouns from verbs. The expressions given in (2) are modelled on Pinker’s above examples by the seminal work of Sándor Martsa (2013. Conversion in English: A Cognitive Semantic Approach. Cambridge), and they contain nouns converted from verbs designating actions functionally related to different parts of the human body. (2) have your say, give a shout, let out a shriek / a cry, give a talk, take a look at the notes, keep a close watch, down the whisky with a swallow, have a chew on it, have a smell of this cheese, with a smile, the touch of her fingers, Hey! Nice catch! go for a run, it’s worth a go, go for a walk Thus, the major difference between the term konverze as introduced and defended in BSJK (2009, 149) on one hand, and the English type of conversion mostly called “Zero-Derivation” by a zero morpheme (as Marchand 1969 op. cit., has called it) is to be found inside of the two quite different systems of word formation. Czech very rarely allows for pure zero derivation such as demonstrated in the English examples (1)-(2). Despite this major difference, even Czech language being still a highly inflectional language with rich case, number and declension system and agreement, nevertheless more and more allows for similar word formations typical for English with a true zero affixation, e. g. tunnel > to tunnel : Cz tunel > tunelovat and this process is an integral part of the grammar because it includes even the category of verbal aspect deriving also the perfective forms and negated verbs such as nevytunelovalo peníze, ve snaze “politicky korektně” uctít Havlovu památku jednotliví ministři české vlády přislíbili, že přestanou tento stát vykrádat a tunelovat, tedy alespoň do začátku příštího roku; Nové vedení Obce spisovatelů a jeho sekretariát nevytunelovalo peníze Obce spisovatelů, vždyť nebylo ani co tunelovat, naopak zachránilo tuto organizaci před téměř nezvratným koncem (ČNK. Last accessed July 10, 2018). Thus conversion is becoming more and more an important process of word and form formation in the system of Czech word formation and morphology. One critical observation remains to be mentioned: The book is solid but in a certain sense restricted to just functional approaches not considering or even including the important contribution of alternative approaches in formal linguistics. Thus, mainstream generative syntax, based on the theory of government and binding or minimalism (introduced by Noam Chomsky in 1981 and 1995), are not reviewed in this book even though there are many allusions including the important role of syntax for word formation (this is an important demand on any theory of word formation, cf. also Dokulil, M. 1962. K vzájemnému poměru slovotvorby a skladby. In Acta Universitatis Carolinae: SLAVICA PRAGENSIA IV, 369–375. UK, Praha). Most of the recent work devoted to a theoretical approach of minimalism considers conversion as a “syntactic decomposition” based on root semantics (cf. e. g. Borer, H. 2005. In name only: Structuring sense Vol. I. & The normal course of events: Structuring sense Vol. II. Oxford; Harley, H. & R. Noyer. 1999. State-of-the article: Distributed Morphology. In GLOT 4. 3–9; Halle, M. & A. Marantz. 1993. Distributed morphology and the pieces of inflection. In Keyser, S. J. & K. Hale (eds.), The view from Building 20, 111–176. Cambridge.). A recent development in minimalism is the concept of roots and categorial features (cf. Panagiotidis, Ph. 2014. Categorial Features. A Generative Theory of Word Class Categories. Cambridge.). This theory differentiates between so-called true “denominal verbs tape-type verbs” as opposed to those verbs which are “directly derived from a root hammer-type”. The structural differences between them are argued by Panagiotidis (2014: 63) “to account for the idiosyncratic meaning of the latter, as opposed to the predictable and systematic meaning of the former”. The two types are demonstrated under (3) vs. (4) (3) nP vP / \ / \ N HAMMER v xP / \ HAMMER x (Panagiotidis op. cit., 2014: 63) In (3) to the left, the nominalizer head n takes a root complement, nominalizing it syntactically. In the tree to the right, the root h a m m e r is a manner adjunct to an xP (schematically rendered) inside the vP. On the other hand, verbs like tape behave differently. They seem to be truly denominal, formed by converting a noun into a verb, by recategorizing the noun and not by categorizing a root. By hypothesis, the verbalizing head takes as its complement a structure that already contains a noun – that is, an nP in which the root tape has already been nominalized: (4) nP vP / \ / \ N TAPE v xP / \ np. X / \ n TAPE (Panagiotidis 2014:63) As opposed to this approach, the present monograph uses the term “transpozice” (‘transposition’) as the change of parts of speech of different classes by the means of konverze (‘conversion’) (chapter 8, 151–201). We will just mention one typical class or type of such conversions as given under (5) and (6): (5) kapř / \ Kapř í (BSJK,156) (6) výlov [vylovit] / \ vý [vy] lov [lovit] (BSJK, 180) In summary, I would see the great merit of the publication especially in a new view on ancient phenomena. Additionally, the work also excels in a thorough multi-level analysis of conversion, transposition and transflexion, including consideration of morphonological alternations and differences of semantic interpretation by adding or removing a specific onomasiological feature (according to the onomasiological word formation theory of Dokulil, M. 1962. Tvoření slov v češtině. Teorie odvozování slov. Praha.). Above all, I value the book because of its consistent insistence on the role of shaping for conversion as a part of morphology (form formation). I also think that conversion will play an increasingly important role in the further development of the Czech language, both for system external reasons, as a language contact phenomenon for English, but also for system inherent reasons, triggered and flanked by the tendency towards analytism and simplification, and finally the gradual reduction of the complex inflectional system of nouns and verbs. For the theoretical linguist, this book may not be a substitute for word-formation theories such as Marchand, op. cit. (1969) or Dokulil, op. cit. (1962, 1968); but it is a very stimulating and original study in which a more thorough reading could lead to a differentiated view than that given here, showing the differences between a true zero-derivative language such as English based on a more elaborated morpho-syntactic generative theory of root semantics by Panagiotidis (2014) in which the term conversion is very different from that presented in Bednaříkovás book (see Examples 1 and 2), and a derivational language such as Czech with additional affixes and other word-forming means more clearly. The author is to be recommended for bridging the gap with traditional (and, in my view, not negligible) theories and newer views. The work must necessarily have place in every slavist’s and bohemist’s book shelf. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2018-0049 SN - 0044-3506 VL - 63 IS - 4 SP - 675 EP - 681 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haßler, Gerda T1 - L’expression adverbiale de l’aspectualité et son interaction avec des formes verbales T2 - Actes du XXIXe Congrès international de linguistique et de philologie romanes (Copenhague, 1-6 juillet 2019) Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-2-37276-053-9 SP - 431 EP - 442 PB - Éditions de Linguistique et de philologie (ELiPhi) CY - Strasbourg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakarias, Lilla A1 - Salis, Christos A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell T1 - Transfer effects on spoken sentence comprehension and functional communication after working memory training in stroke aphasia JF - Journal of neurolinguistics : an international journal for the study of brain function in language behavior and experience N2 - Recent treatment protocols have been successful in improving working memory (WM) in individuals with aphasia. However, the evidence to date is small and the extent to which improvements in trained tasks of WM transfer to untrained memory tasks, spoken sentence comprehension, and functional communication is yet poorly understood. To address these issues, we conducted a multiple baseline study with three German-speaking individuals with chronic post stroke aphasia. Participants practised two computerised WM tasks (n-back with pictures and aback with spoken words) four times a week for a month, targeting two WM processes: updating WM representations and resolving interference. All participants showed improvement on at least one measure of spoken sentence comprehension and everyday memory activities. Two of them showed improvement also on measures of WM and functional communication. Our results suggest that WM can be improved through computerised training in chronic aphasia and this can transfer to spoken sentence comprehension and functional communication in some individuals. KW - Aphasia KW - Working memory KW - n-back training KW - Transfer KW - Sentence comprehension KW - Verbal communication Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2017.12.002 SN - 0911-6044 VL - 48 SP - 47 EP - 63 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mosca, Michela T1 - Trilinguals’ language switching BT - A strategic and flexible account JF - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology N2 - The goal of this study was to determine how trilinguals select the language they intend to use in a language switching context. Two accounts are examined: (a) a language-specific account, according to which language selection considers the activation level of words of the intended language only (i.e., language co-activation without language competition), and (b) a language non-specific account, where activated words from both the intended and non-intended languages compete for selection (i.e., language co-activation with language competition). Results showed that, in both groups, all three languages competed for selection and that selection was achieved by inhibiting the currently non-relevant languages. Moreover, extending findings from previous research, the study reveals that, in both Experiments 1 and 2, the amount of inhibition was influenced not only by language proficiency but also by the typological similarity between languages. Overall, the study shows that language switching performance can be accounted for by a strategic and flexible inhibitory account. In particular, the controlling system is “strategic” in the sense that it aims at preventing potential conflicting situations, such as typological closeness between languages, and it is “flexible” in that it adjusts languages’ activation levels, depending on the conflict to be solved. KW - Language switching KW - language selection KW - trilingualism KW - inhibition KW - language typology Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1747021818763537 SN - 1747-0218 SN - 1747-0226 VL - 72 IS - 4 SP - 693 EP - 716 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jessen, Anna A1 - Felser, Claudia T1 - Reanalysing object gaps during non-native sentence processing BT - Evidence from ERPs JF - Second language research N2 - The present study used event related potentials (ERPs) to investigate how native (L1) German-speaking second-language (L2) learners of English process sentences containing filler-gap dependencies such as Bill liked the house (women) that Bob built some ornaments for __ at his workplace. Using an experimental design which allowed us to dissociate filler integration from reanalysis effects, we found that fillers which were implausible as direct objects of the embedded verb (e.g. built the women) elicited similar brain responses (an N400) in L1 and L2 speakers when the verb was encountered. This confirms findings from behavioral and eye-movement studies indicating that both L1 and L2 speakers immediately try to integrate a filler with a potential lexical licensor. L1/L2 differences were observed when subsequent sentence material signaled that the direct-object analysis was in fact incorrect, however. We found reanalysis effects, in the shape of a P600 for sentences containing fillers that were plausible direct objects only for L2 speakers, but not for the L1 group. This supports previous findings suggesting that L2 comprehenders recover from an initially plausible first analysis less easily than L1 speakers. KW - English KW - ERPs KW - filler-gap dependency KW - L2 processing KW - reanalysis Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658317753030 SN - 0267-6583 SN - 1477-0326 VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 285 EP - 299 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER -