TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mattern, Maximilian
A1  - Pudell, Jan-Etienne
A1  - Laskin, Gennadii
A1  - Reppert, Alexander von
A1  - Bargheer, Matias
T1  - Analysis of the temperature- and fluence-dependent magnetic stress in laser-excited SrRuO3
JF  - Structural dynamics
N2  - We use ultrafast x-ray diffraction to investigate the effect of expansive phononic and contractive magnetic stress driving the picosecond strain response of a metallic perovskite SrRuO3 thin film upon femtosecond laser excitation. We exemplify how the anisotropic bulk equilibrium thermal expansion can be used to predict the response of the thin film to ultrafast deposition of energy. It is key to consider that the laterally homogeneous laser excitation changes the strain response compared to the near-equilibrium thermal expansion because the balanced in-plane stresses suppress the Poisson stress on the picosecond timescale. We find a very large negative Grüneisen constant describing the large contractive stress imposed by a small amount of energy in the spin system. The temperature and fluence dependence of the strain response for a double-pulse excitation scheme demonstrates the saturation of the magnetic stress in the high-fluence regime.
KW  - Thin films
KW  - Thermodynamic properties
KW  - Bragg peak
KW  - Ultrafast X-ray diffraction
KW  - Thermal effects
KW  - Phonons
KW  - Magnetism
KW  - Lattice dynamics
KW  - Lasers
KW  - Perovskites
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/4.0000072
SN  - 2329-7778
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
PB  - AIP Publishing LLC
CY  - Melville, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koc, Gamze
A1  - Petrow, Theresia
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
T1  - Analysis of the most severe flood events in Turkey (1960-2014)
BT  - which triggering mechanisms and aggravating pathways can be identified?
JF  - Water / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
N2  - The most severe flood events in Turkey were determined for the period 1960-2014 by considering the number of fatalities, the number of affected people, and the total economic losses as indicators. The potential triggering mechanisms (i.e., atmospheric circulations and precipitation amounts) and aggravating pathways (i.e., topographic features, catchment size, land use types, and soil properties) of these 25 events were analyzed. On this basis, a new approach was developed to identify the main influencing factor per event and to provide additional information for determining the dominant flood occurrence pathways for severe floods. The events were then classified through hierarchical cluster analysis. As a result, six different clusters were found and characterized. Cluster 1 comprised flood events that were mainly influenced by drainage characteristics (e.g., catchment size and shape); Cluster 2 comprised events aggravated predominantly by urbanization; steep topography was identified to be the dominant factor for Cluster 3; extreme rainfall was determined as the main triggering factor for Cluster 4; saturated soil conditions were found to be the dominant factor for Cluster 5; and orographic effects of mountain ranges characterized Cluster 6. This study determined pathway patterns of the severe floods in Turkey with regard to their main causal or aggravating mechanisms. Accordingly, geomorphological properties are of major importance in large catchments in eastern and northeastern Anatolia. In addition, in small catchments, the share of urbanized area seems to be an important factor for the extent of flood impacts. This paper presents an outcome that could be used for future urban planning and flood risk prevention studies to understand the flood mechanisms in different regions of Turkey.
KW  - hierarchical clustering
KW  - Hess-Brezowsky Grosswetterlagen classification
KW  - ERA5
KW  - flood hazards
KW  - pathway
KW  - Turkey
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061562
SN  - 2073-4441
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Arkes, Hal R.
A1  - Aberegg, Scott K.
A1  - Arpin, Kevin A.
T1  - Analysis of physicians' probability estimates of a medical outcome based on a sequence of events
JF  - JAMA network open / American Medical Association
N2  - IMPORTANCE
The probability of a conjunction of 2 independent events is the product of the probabilities of the 2 components and therefore cannot exceed the probability of either component; violation of this basic law is called the conjunction fallacy. A common medical decision-making scenario involves estimating the probability of a final outcome resulting from a sequence of independent events; however, little is known about physicians' ability to accurately estimate the overall probability of success in these situations.

OBJECTIVE
To ascertain whether physicians are able to correctly estimate the overall probability of a medical outcome resulting from 2 independent events. 

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This survey study consisted of 3 separate substudies, in which 215 physicians were asked via internet-based survey to estimate the probability of success of each of 2 components of a diagnostic or prognostic sequence as well as the overall probability of success of the 2-step sequence. Substudy 1 was performed from April 2 to 4, 2021, substudy 2 from November 2 toll, 2021, and substudy 3 from May 13 to 19, 2021. All physicians were board certified or board eligible in the primary specialty germane to the substudy (ie, obstetrics and gynecology for substudies land 3 and pulmonology for substudy 2), were recruited from a commercial survey service, and volunteered to participate in the study. 

EXPOSURES
Case scenarios presented in an online survey.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Respondents were asked to provide their demographic information in addition to 3 probability estimates. The first substudy included a scenario describing a brow presentation discovered during labor; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the brow presentation would resolve and that the delivery would be vaginal. The second substudy involved a diagnostic evaluation of an incidentally discovered pulmonary nodule; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the patient had a malignant condition and that a technically successful transthoracic needle biopsy would reveal a malignant condition. The third substudy included a modification of the first substudy in an attempt to debias the conjunction fallacy prevalent in the first substudy. Respondents' own probability estimates of the individual events were used to calculate the mathematically correct conjunctive probability.

RESULTS
Among 215 respondents, the mean (SD) age was 54.0 (9.5) years; 142 respondents (66.0%) were male. Data on race and ethnicity were not collected. A total of 168 physicians (78.1%) estimated the probability of the 2-step sequence to be greater than the probability of at least 1 of the 2 component events. Compared with the product of their 2 estimated components, respondents overestimated the combined probability by 12.8% (95% CI, 9.6%-16.1%; P < .001) in substudy 1, 19.8% (95% Cl, 16.6%-23.0%; P < .001) in substudy 2, and 18.0% (95% CI, 13.4%-22.5%; P < .001) in substudy 3, results that were mathematically incoherent (ie, formally illogical and mathematically incorrect). 

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
 In this survey study of 215 physicians, respondents consistently overestimated the combined probability of 2 events compared with the probability calculated from their own estimates of the individual events. This biased estimation, consistent with the conjunction fallacy, may have substantial implications for diagnostic and prognostic decision-making.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18804
SN  - 2574-3805
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
PB  - American Veterinary Medical Association
CY  - Chicago
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schenke, Maren
A1  - Schjeide, Brit-Maren
A1  - Püschel, Gerhard Paul
A1  - Seeger, Bettina
T1  - Analysis of motor neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells for the use in cell-based Botulinum neurotoxin activity assays
JF  - Toxins
N2  - Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are potent neurotoxins produced by bacteria, which inhibit neurotransmitter release, specifically in their physiological target known as motor neurons (MNs). For the potency assessment of BoNTs produced for treatment in traditional and aesthetic medicine, the mouse lethality assay is still used by the majority of manufacturers, which is ethically questionable in terms of the 3Rs principle. In this study, MNs were differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells based on three published protocols. The resulting cell populations were analyzed for their MN yield and their suitability for the potency assessment of BoNTs. MNs produce specific gangliosides and synaptic proteins, which are bound by BoNTs in order to be taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis, which is followed by cleavage of specific soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment receptor (SNARE) proteins required for neurotransmitter release. The presence of receptors and substrates for all BoNT serotypes was demonstrated in MNs generated in vitro. In particular, the MN differentiation protocol based on Du et al. yielded high numbers of MNs in a short amount of time with high expression of BoNT receptors and targets. The resulting cells are more sensitive to BoNT/A1 than the commonly used neuroblastoma cell line SiMa. MNs are, therefore, an ideal tool for being combined with already established detection methods.
KW  - Botulinum neurotoxin
KW  - motor neurons
KW  - cell-based in vitro assay
KW  - potency
KW  - assessment
KW  - induced pluripotent stem cells
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050276
SN  - 2072-6651
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Degen, Andreas
T1  - Analyse visueller Wahrnehmungsqualitäten von Lyrik
T2  - Textpraxis : digitales Journal für Philologie  / Sonderausgabe
N2  - Das Projekt beschäftigt sich mit der visuellen Wirkungsdimension von Lyrik und der Möglichkeit ihrer analytischen Beschreibung. Dafür werden die Anordnung von Versen und Wörtern, Auszeichnungen und andere typographische Strukturen von nicht experimentellen Gedichten seit Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts im Rahmen von Modellanalysen untersucht.
Y1  - 2023
UR  - https://www.textpraxis.net/andreas-degen-visuelle-wahrnehmungsqualitaeten
U6  - https://doi.org/10.17879/19958489288
SN  - 2191-8236
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
PB  - Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
CY  - Münster
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vorogushyn, Sergiy
A1  - Apel, Heiko
A1  - Kemter, Matthias
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
T1  - Analyse der Hochwassergefährdung im Ahrtal unter Berücksichtigung historischer Hochwasser
T1  - Analysis of flood hazard in the Ahr Valley considering historical floods
JF  - Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung
N2  - The flood disaster in July 2021 in western Germany calls for a critical discussion on flood hazard assessment, revision of flood hazard maps and communication of extreme flood scenarios. In the presented work, extreme value analysis was carried out for annual maximum peak flow series at the Altenahr gauge on the river Ahr. We compared flood statistics with and without considering historical flood events. An estimate for the return period of the recent flood based on the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution considering historical floods ranges between about 2600 and above 58700 years (90% confidence interval) with a median of approximately 8600 years, whereas an estimate based on the 74-year long systematically recorded flow series would theoretically exceed 100 million years. Consideration of historical floods dramatically changes the flood quantiles that are used for the generation of official flood hazard maps. The fitting of the GEV to the time series with historical floods reveals, however, that the model potentially inadequately reflects the flood population. In this case, we might face a mixed sample, in which extreme floods result from very different processes compared to smaller floods. Hence, the probabilities of extreme floods could be much larger than those resulting from a single GEV model. The application of a process-based mixed flood distribution should be explored in future work. <br /> The comparison of the official HQextrem flood maps for the AhrValley with the inundation areas from July 2021 shows a striking discrepancy in the affected areas and calls for revision of design values used to define extreme flood scenarios. The hydrodynamic simulations of a 1000-year return period flood considering historical events and of the 1804 flood scenario compare much better to the flooded areas from July 2021, though both scenarios still underestimated the flood extent. <br /> Particular effects such as clogging of bridges and geomorphological changes of the river channel led to considerably larger flooded areas in July 2021 compared to the simulation results. Based on this analysis, we call for a consistent definition of HQextrem for flood hazard mapping in Germany, and suggest using high flood quantiles in the range of a 1,000-year flood. Flood maps should additionally include model-based reconstructions of the largest, reliably documented historical floods and/or synthetic worst-case scenarios. This would be an important step towards protecting potentially affected population and disaster management from surprises due to very rare and extreme flood events in future.
N2  - Die Hochwasserkatastrophe im Juli 2021 in Westdeutschland erfordert eine kritische Diskussion über die Abschätzung der Hochwassergefährdung, Aktualisierung von Hochwassergefahrenkarten und Kommunikation von extremen Hochwasserszenarien. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Extremwertstatistik für die jährlichen maximalen Spitzenabflüsse am Pegel Altenahr im Ahrtal mit und ohne Berücksichtigung historischer Hochwasser berechnet und verglichen. Die Schätzung der Wiederkehrperiode für das aktuelle Hochwasser mittels Generalisierter Extremwertverteilung (GEV) unter Berücksichtigung historischer Hochwasser schwankt zwischen etwa 2.600 und über 58.700 Jahren (90%-Konfidenzintervall) mit einem Median bei etwa 8.600 Jahren, wogegen die Schätzung, die nur auf der systematisch gemessenen Abflusszeitreihe von 74 Jahren basiert, theoretisch eine Wiederkehrperiode von über 100 Millionen Jahren ergeben würde. Die Berücksichtigung der historischen Hochwasser führt zu einer dramatischen Änderung der Hochwasserquan-
tile, die für eine Gefahrenkartierung zugrunde gelegt werden. Die Anpassung der GEV an die Zeitreihe mit historischen Hochwassern zeigt dennoch, dass das GEV-Modell möglicherweise die Grundgesamtheit der Hochwasser im Ahrtal nicht adäquat abbilden kann. Es könnte sich im vorliegenden Fall um eine gemischte Stichprobe handeln, in der die extremen Hochwasser im Vergleich zu kleineren Ereignissen durch besondere Prozesse hervorgerufen werden. Somit könnten die Wahrscheinlichkeiten von extremen Hochwassern deutlich größer sein, als aus dem GEV-Modell hervorgeht. Hier sollte in Zukunft die Anwendung einer prozessbasierten Mischverteilung
untersucht werden. Der Vergleich von amtlichen Gefahrenkarten zu Extremhochwassern (HQextrem) im Ahrtal mit den Überflutungsflächen vom Juli 2021
zeigt eine deutliche Diskrepanz in den betroffenen Gebieten und die Notwendigkeit, die Grundlagen zur Erstellung der Extremszenarien zu überdenken. Die hydrodynamisch-numerischen Simulationen von 1.000-jährlichen Hochwassern (HQ1000) unter Berücksichtigung historischer Ereignisse und des größten historischen Hochwassers 1804 können die Gefährdung des Juli-Hochwassers 2021 deutlich besser widerspiegeln, wenngleich auch diese beiden Szenarien die Überflutungsflächen unterschätzen. Besondere Effekte wie die Verklausung von Brücken und die geomorphologischen Änderungen im Flussschlauch führten zu noch größeren Überflutungs- flächen im Juli 2021, als die Simulationsergebnisse zeigten. Basierend auf dieser Analyse wird eine einheitliche Festlegung von HQextrem bei Hochwassergefahrenkartierungen in Deutschland vorgeschlagen, die sich an höheren Hochwasserquantilen im Bereich von HQ1000 orientiert. Zusätzlich sollen simulationsbasierte Rekonstruktionen von den größten verlässlich dokumentierten historischen Hochwassern und/oder synthetische Worst-Case-Szenarien in den Hochwassergefahrenkarten gesondert dargestellt werden. Damit wird ein wichtiger Beitrag geleistet, um die potenziell betroffene Bevölkerung und das Katastrophenmanagement vor Überraschungen durch sehr seltene und extreme Hochwasser in Zukunft besser zu schützen.
KW  - Extreme value statistics
KW  - historical floods
KW  - flood hazard mapping;
KW  - inundation simulation
KW  - Ahr River
KW  - Extremwertstatistik
KW  - historische Hochwasser
KW  - Gefahrenkarten
KW  - Überflutungssimulation
KW  - Ahr
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5675/HyWa_2022.5_2
SN  - 1439-1783
VL  - 66
IS  - 5
SP  - 244
EP  - 254
PB  - Bundesanst. für Gewässerkunde
CY  - Koblenz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thomas, Jessica E.
A1  - Carvalho, Gary R.
A1  - Haile, James
A1  - Martin, Michael D.
A1  - Castruita, Jose A. Samaniego
A1  - Niemann, Jonas
A1  - Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.
A1  - Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela
A1  - Rawlence, Nicolas J.
A1  - Fuller, Errol
A1  - Fjeldsa, Jon
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
A1  - Stewart, John R.
A1  - Gilbert, M. Thomas P.
A1  - Knapp, Michael
T1  - An ‛Aukward’ tale
BT  - a genetic approach to discover the whereabouts of the  Last Great Auks
JF  - Genes
N2  - One hundred and seventy-three years ago, the last two Great Auks, Pinguinus impennis, ever reliably seen were killed. Their internal organs can be found in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, but the location of their skins has remained a mystery. In 1999, Great Auk expert Errol Fuller proposed a list of five potential candidate skins in museums around the world. Here we take a palaeogenomic approach to test which—if any—of Fuller’s candidate skins likely belong to either of the two birds. Using mitochondrial genomes from the five candidate birds (housed in museums in Bremen, Brussels, Kiel, Los Angeles, and Oldenburg) and the organs of the last two known individuals, we partially solve the mystery that has been on Great Auk scholars’ minds for generations and make new suggestions as to the whereabouts of the still-missing skin from these two birds.
KW  - ancient DNA
KW  - extinct birds
KW  - mitochondrial genome
KW  - museum specimens
KW  - palaeogenomics
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/genes8060164
SN  - 2073-4425
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
SP  - 164
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vences, Miguel
A1  - Köhler, Jörn
A1  - Crottini, Angelica
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
A1  - Hutter, Carl R.
A1  - du Preez, Louis
A1  - Preick, Michaela
A1  - Rakotoarison, Andolalao
A1  - Rancilhac, Loïs
A1  - Raselimanana, Achille P.
A1  - Rosa, Gonçalo M.
A1  - Scherz, Mark D.
A1  - Glaw, Frank
T1  - An integrative taxonomic revision and redefinition of Gephyromantis (Laurentomantis) malagasius based on archival DNA analysis reveals four new mantellid frog species from Madagascar
JF  - Vertebrate zoology
N2  - The subgenus Laurentomantis in the genus Gephyromantis contains some of the least known amphibian species of Madagascar. The six currently valid nominal species are rainforest frogs known from few individuals, hampering a full understanding of the species diversity of the clade. We assembled data on specimens collected during field surveys over the past 30 years and integrated analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded genes of 88 individuals, a comprehensive bioacoustic analysis, and morphological comparisons to delimit a minimum of nine species-level lineages in the subgenus. To clarify the identity of the species Gephyromantis malagasius, we applied a target-enrichment approach to a sample of the 110 year old holotype of Microphryne malagasia Methuen and Hewitt, 1913 to assign this specimen to a lineage based on a mitochondrial DNA barcode. The holotype clustered unambiguously with specimens previously named G. ventrimaculatus. Consequently we propose to consider Trachymantis malagasia ventrimaculatus Angel, 1935 as a junior synonym of Gephyromantis malagasius. Due to this redefinition of G. malagasius, no scientific name is available for any of the four deep lineages of frogs previously subsumed under this name, all characterized by red color ventrally on the hindlimbs. These are here formally named as Gephyromantis fiharimpe sp. nov., G. matsilo sp. nov., G. oelkrugi sp. nov., and G. portonae sp. nov. The new species are distinguishable from each other by genetic divergences of >4% uncorrected pairwise distance in a fragment of the 16S rRNA marker and a combination of morphological and bioacoustic characters. Gephyromantis fiharimpe and G. matsilo occur, respectively, at mid-elevations and lower elevations along a wide stretch of Madagascar's eastern rainforest band, while G. oelkrugi and G. portonae appear to be more range-restricted in parts of Madagascar's North East and Northern Central East regions. Open taxonomic questions surround G. horridus, to which we here assign specimens from Montagne d'Ambre and the type locality Nosy Be; and G. ranjomavo, which contains genetically divergent populations from Marojejy, Tsaratanana, and Ampotsidy.
KW  - Amphibia
KW  - Anura
KW  - archival DNA
KW  - Mantellidae
KW  - new species
KW  - phylogeography
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e78830
SN  - 1864-5755
SN  - 2625-8498
VL  - 72
SP  - 271
EP  - 309
PB  - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung
CY  - Frankfurt am Main
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoan, Tran Viet
A1  - Richter, Karl-Gerd
A1  - Borsig, Nicolas
A1  - Bauer, Jonas
A1  - Ha, Nguyen Thi
A1  - Norra, Stefan
T1  - An improved groundwater model framework for aquifer structures of the quaternary-formed sediment body in the southernmost parts of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
JF  - Hydrology : open access journal
N2  - The Ca Mau peninsula (CMP) is a key economic region in southern Vietnam. In recent decades, the high demand for water has increased the exploitation of groundwater, thus lowering the groundwater level and leading to risks of degradation, depletion, and land subsidence, as well as salinity intrusion in the groundwater of the whole Mekong Delta region. By using a finite element groundwater model with boundary expansion to the sea, we updated the latest data on hydrogeological profiles, groundwater levels, and exploitation. The basic model setup covers seven aquifers and seven aquitards. It is determined that the inflow along the coastline to the mainland is 39% of the total inflow. The exploitation of the study area in 2019 was 567,364 m(3)/day. The most exploited aquifers are the upper-middle Pleistocene (qp(2-3)) and the middle Pliocene (n(2)(2)), accounting for 63.7% and 24.6%, respectively; the least exploited aquifers are the upper Pleistocene and the upper Miocene, accounting for 0.35% and 0.02%, respectively. In the deeper aquifers, qp(2-3) and n(2)(2), the change in storage is negative due to the high exploitation rate, leading to a decline in the reserves of these aquifers. These groundwater model results are the calculations of groundwater reserves from the coast to the mainland in the entire system of aquifers in the CMP. This makes groundwater decision managers, stakeholders, and others more efficient in sustainable water resources planning in the CMP and Mekong Delta (MKD).
KW  - groundwater modeling
KW  - hydrogeology
KW  - aquifers system
KW  - water balance;
KW  - validation of model
KW  - Ca Mau peninsula
KW  - Kien Giang
KW  - Soc Trang
KW  - Hau Giang
KW  - Bac Lieu
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9040061
SN  - 2306-5338
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nakoudi, Konstantina
A1  - Stachlewska, Iwona S.
A1  - Ritter, Christoph
T1  - An extended lidar-based cirrus cloud retrieval scheme
BT  - first application over an Arctic site
JF  - Optics express : the international electronic journal of optics / Optica
N2  - Accurate and precise characterization of cirrus cloud geometrical and optical properties is essential for better constraining their radiative footprint. A lidar-based retrieval scheme is proposed here, with its performance assessed on fine spatio-temporal observations over the Arctic site of Ny-Alesund, Svalbard. Two contributions related to cirrus geometrical (dynamic Wavelet Covariance Transform (WCT)) and optical properties (constrained Klett) are reported. The dynamic WCT rendered cirrus detection more robust, especially for thin cirrus layers that frequently remained undetected by the classical WCT method. Regarding optical characterization, we developed an iterative scheme for determining the cirrus lidar ratio (LRci) that is a crucial parameter for aerosol - cloud discrimination. Building upon the Klett-Fernald method, the LRci was constrained by an additional reference value. In established methods, such as the double-ended Klett, an aerosol-free reference value is applied. In the proposed constrained Klett, however, the reference value was approximated from cloud-free or low cloud optical depth (COD up to 0.2) profiles and proved to agree with independent Raman estimates. For optically thin cirrus, the constrained Klett inherent uncertainties reached 50% (60-74%) in terms of COD (LRci). However, for opaque cirrus COD (LRci) uncertainties were lower than 10% (15%). The detection method discrepancies (dynamic versus static WCT) had a higher impact on the optical properties of low COD layers (up to 90%) compared to optically thicker ones (less than 10%). The constrained Klett presented high agreement with two established retrievals. For an exemplary cirrus cloud, the constrained Klett estimated the COD355 (LRci355) at 0.28 +/- 0.17 (29 +/- 4 sr), the double-ended Klett at 0.27 +/- 0.15 (32 +/- 4 sr) and the Raman retrievals at 0.22 +/- 0.12 (26 +/- 11 sr). Our approach to determine the necessary reference value can also be applied in established methods and increase their accuracy. In contrast, the classical aerosol-free assumption led to 44 sr LRci overestimation in optically thin layers and 2-8 sr in thicker ones. The multiple scattering effect was corrected using Eloranta (1998) and accounted for 50-60% extinction underestimation near the cloud base and 20-30% within the cirrus layers.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.414770
SN  - 1094-4087
VL  - 29
IS  - 6
SP  - 8553
EP  - 8580
PB  - Optical Society of America
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Salleh, Faezah Mohd
A1  - Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmin
A1  - Penaloza, Fernando
A1  - Liu, Shanlin
A1  - Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.
A1  - Patel, Riddhi P.
A1  - Martins, Renata
A1  - Lenz, Dorina
A1  - Fickel, Jörns
A1  - Roos, Christian
A1  - Shamsir, Mohd Shahir
A1  - Azman, Mohammad Shahfiz
A1  - Lim, Burton K.
A1  - Rossiter, Stephen J.
A1  - Wilting, Andreas
A1  - Gilbert, M. Thomas P.
T1  - An expanded mammal mitogenome dataset from Southeast Asia
JF  - Gigascience
N2  - Background: Findings: Approximately 55 gigabases of raw sequence were generated. From this data we assembled 72 complete mitogenome sequences, with an average depth of coverage of 102.9x and 55.2x for modern samples and historical samples, respectively. This dataset represents 52 species, of which 30 species had no previous mitogenome data available. The mitogenomes were geotagged to their sampling location, where known, to display a detailed geographical distribution of the species. Conclusion:
KW  - invertebrate-derived (iDNA)
KW  - metabarcoding
KW  - GenBank
KW  - Taxonomic assignment
Y1  - 2017
SN  - 2047-217X
VL  - 6
IS  - 8
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dreher, Dorothee
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Hause, Bettina
T1  - An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and a root pathogen induce different volatiles emitted by Medicago truncatula roots
JF  - Journal of Advanced Research
N2  - Plants are in permanent contact with various microorganisms and are always impacted by them. To better understand the first steps of a plant’s recognition of soil-borne microorganisms, the early release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from roots of Medicago truncatula in response to the symbiont Rhizophagus irregularis or the pathogenic oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches was analysed. More than 90 compounds were released from roots as detected by an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry approach. Principal component analyses clearly distinguished untreated roots from roots treated with either R. irregularis or A. euteiches. Several VOCs were found to be emitted specifically in response to each of the microorganisms. Limonene was specifically emitted from wild-type roots after contact with R. irregularis spores but not from roots of the mycorrhiza-deficient mutant does not make infections3. The application of limonene to mycorrhizal roots, however, did not affect the mycorrhization rate. Inoculation of roots with A. euteiches zoospores resulted in the specific emission of several sesquiterpenes, such as nerolidol, viridiflorol and nerolidol-epoxyacetate but application of nerolidol to zoospores of A. euteiches did not affect their vitality. Therefore, plants discriminate between different microorganisms at early stages of their interaction and respond differently to the level of root-emitted volatiles.
KW  - Arbuscular mycorrhiza
KW  - Oomycetous pathogen
KW  - Volatile organic compound (VOC)
KW  - Aeroponic cultivation
KW  - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2019.03.002
SN  - 2090-1232
SN  - 2090-1224
VL  - 19
SP  - 85
EP  - 90
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aloni, Sapir Shekef
A1  - Perovic, Milena
A1  - Weitman, Michal
A1  - Cohen, Reut
A1  - Oschatz, Martin
A1  - Mastai, Yitzhak
T1  - Amino acid-based ionic liquids as precursors for the synthesis of chiral nanoporous carbons
JF  - Nanoscale Advances
N2  - The synthesis of chiral nanoporous carbons based on chiral ionic liquids (CILs) of amino acids as precursors is described. Such unique precursors for the carbonization of CILs yield chiral carbonaceous materials with high surface area (approximate to 620 m(2) g(-1)). The enantioselectivities of the porous carbons are examined by advanced techniques such as selective adsorption of enantiomers using cyclic voltammetry, isothermal titration calorimetry, and mass spectrometry. These techniques demonstrate the chiral nature and high enantioselectivity of the chiral carbon materials. Overall, we believe that the novel approach presented here can contribute significantly to the development of new chiral carbon materials that will find important applications in chiral chemistry, such as in chiral catalysis and separation and in chiral sensors. From a scientific point of view, the approach and results reported here can significantly deepen our understanding of chirality at the nanoscale and of the structure and nature of chiral nonporous materials and surfaces.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/c9na00520j
SN  - 2516-0230
VL  - 1
IS  - 12
SP  - 4981
EP  - 4988
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Naolou, Toufik
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
A1  - Neffe, Axel T.
T1  - Amides as non-polymerizable catalytic adjuncts enable the ring-opening polymerization of lactide with ferrous acetate under mild conditions
JF  - Frontiers in Chemistry
N2  - Sn-based catalysts are effective in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) but are toxic. Fe(OAc)(2) used as an alternative catalyst is suitable for the ROP of lactide only at higher temperatures (>170 degrees C), associated with racemization. In the ROP of ester and amide group containing morpholinediones with Fe(OAc)(2) to polydepsipeptides at 135 degrees C, ester bonds were selectively opened. Here, it was hypothesized that ROP of lactones is possible with Fe(OAc)(2) when amides are present in the reactions mixture as Fe-ligands could increase the solubility and activity of the metal catalytic center. The ROP of lactide in the melt with Fe(OAc)(2) is possible at temperatures as low as 105 degrees C, in the presence of N-ethylacetamide or N-rnethylbenzamide as non-polymerizable catalytic adjuncts (NPCA), with high conversion (up to 99 mol%) and yield (up to 88 mol%). Polydispersities of polylactide decreased with decreasing reaction temperature to <= 1.1. NMR as well as polarimetric studies showed that no racemization occurred at reaction temperatures <= 145 degrees C. A kinetic study demonstrated a living chain-growth mechanism. MALDI analysis revealed that no side reactions (e.g., cyclization) occurred, though transesterification took place.
KW  - ring-opening polymerization
KW  - polyester
KW  - catalyst
KW  - iron
KW  - amide ligand
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00346
SN  - 2296-2646
VL  - 7
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lange, Bastian
A1  - Bürkner, Hans-Joachim
T1  - Ambiguous avant-gardes and their geographies
BT  - on blank spots of the postgrowth debate
JF  - Die Erde : journal of the Geographical Society of Berlin ; Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin
N2  - In the following article, the focus is on the transformative potentials created by so-called persistence avant-gardes and prevention innovators. The text extends Bluhdorn's guiding concept of narratives of hope (Bluhdorn 2017; Bluhdorn and Butzlaff 2019) by considering those groups that are marginalized within debates on socio-ecological transformation. With a closer look at the narratives of prevention and blockade that these actors engage, the ambiguous nature of postgrowth avant-gardes is carved out. Their discursive, argumentative, and effective inhibition of transitory policies is interpreted as a pro-active potential, rather than a mere obstacle to socio-ecological transformation. Adding a geographical perspective, the paper pleads for a more precise theoretical penetration of the ambivalent figure of avantgardes when analyzing processes of local and regional postgrowth.
N2  - Mit dem Beitrag richten wir den Fokus auf transformative Potenziale, die von sogenannten Beharrungsavantgar-den  und  Präventionsinnovatoren  ausgehen.  Der  Text  erweitert  Blühdorns  Leitkonzept  der  Hoffnungsnarrative  (Blühdorn 2017; Blühdorn and Butzlaff 2019), indem er jene Gruppen in den Blick nimmt, die in den Debatten um die sozial-ökologische Transformation marginalisiert werden. Mit einem genaueren Blick auf die Präventions- und Blockade-Narrative dieser Akteure wird die Mehrdeutigkeit der Postwachstumsavantgarden herausgear-beitet. Ihre diskursive, argumentative und effektive Verhinderung transitorischer Politiken wird als proaktives Potenzial und nicht als bloßes Hindernis für eine sozial-ökologische Transformation interpretiert. Unter Hinzu-nahme  einer  geographischen  Perspektive  plädiert  der  Beitrag  für  eine  präzisere  theoretische  Durchdringung  der ambivalenten Figur der Avantgarden bei der Analyse lokaler und regionaler Postwachstumsvorgänge.
KW  - alternative economies
KW  - transformative policies
KW  - change agents
KW  - postgrowth
KW  - regional development
KW  - East Germany
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.12854/erde-2021-566
SN  - 0013-9998
VL  - 152
IS  - 4
SP  - 273
EP  - 287
PB  - Gesellschaft für Erdkunde
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schröter, David
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Grune, Tilman
A1  - Rohn, Sascha
A1  - Ott, Christiane
T1  - Amaranth’s 2-Caffeoylisocitric Acid—An Anti-Inflammatory Caffeic Acid Derivative That Impairs NF-κB Signaling in LPS-Challenged RAW 264.7 Macrophages
JF  - Nutrients
N2  - For centuries, Amaranthus sp. were used as food, ornamentals, and medication. Molecular mechanisms, explaining the health beneficial properties of amaranth, are not yet understood, but have been attributed to secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds. One of the most abundant phenolic compounds in amaranth leaves is 2-caffeoylisocitric acid (C-IA) and regarding food occurrence, C-IA is exclusively found in various amaranth species. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of C-IA, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid in LPS-challenged macrophages (RAW 264.7) has been investigated and cellular contents of the caffeic acid derivatives (CADs) were quantified in the cells and media. The CADs were quantified in the cell lysates in nanomolar concentrations, indicating a cellular uptake. Treatment of LPS-challenged RAW 264.7 cells with 10 µM of CADs counteracted the LPS effects and led to significantly lower mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6, by directly decreasing the translocation of the nuclear factor κB/Rel-like containing protein 65 into the nucleus. This work provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms that attribute to amaranth’s anti-inflammatory properties and highlights C-IA’s potential as a health-beneficial compound for future research.
KW  - inflammation
KW  - caffeic acid derivatives
KW  - RAW 264
KW  - 7 macrophages
KW  - NF-kappa B
KW  - amaranth
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030571
SN  - 2072-6643
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Strefler, Jessica
A1  - Kriegler, Elmar
A1  - Bauer, Nico
A1  - Luderer, Gunnar
A1  - Pietzcker, Robert C.
A1  - Giannousakis, Anastasis
A1  - Edenhofer, Ottmar
T1  - Alternative carbon price trajectories can avoid excessive carbon removal
JF  - Nature communications
N2  - The large majority of climate change mitigation scenarios that hold warming below 2 °C show high deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR), resulting in a peak-and-decline behavior in global temperature. This is driven by the assumption of an exponentially increasing carbon price trajectory which is perceived to be economically optimal for meeting a carbon budget. However, this optimality relies on the assumption that a finite carbon budget associated with a temperature target is filled up steadily over time. The availability of net carbon removals invalidates this assumption and therefore a different carbon price trajectory should be chosen. We show how the optimal carbon price path for remaining well below 2 °C limits CDR demand and analyze requirements for constructing alternatives, which may be easier to implement in reality. We show that warming can be held at well below 2 °C at much lower long-term economic effort and lower CDR deployment and therefore lower risks if carbon prices are high enough in the beginning to ensure target compliance, but increase at a lower rate after carbon neutrality has been reached.
KW  - climate-change mitigation
KW  - climate sciences
KW  - environmental sciences
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22211-2
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Warszawski, Lila
A1  - Kriegler, Elmar
A1  - Lenton, Timothy M.
A1  - Gaffney, Owen
A1  - Jacob, Daniela
A1  - Klingenfeld, Daniel
A1  - Koide, Ryu
A1  - Costa, María Máñez
A1  - Messner, Dirk
A1  - Nakicenovic, Nebojsa
A1  - Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim
A1  - Schlosser, Peter
A1  - Takeuchi, Kazuhiko
A1  - van der Leeuw, Sander
A1  - Whiteman, Gail
A1  - Rockström, Johan
T1  - All options, not silver bullets, needed to limit global warming to 1.5 °C
BT  - a scenario appraisal
JF  - Environmental research letters
N2  - Climate science provides strong evidence of the necessity of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, in line with the Paris Climate Agreement. The IPCC 1.5 °C special report (SR1.5) presents 414 emissions scenarios modelled for the report, of which around 50 are classified as '1.5 °C scenarios', with no or low temperature overshoot. These emission scenarios differ in their reliance on individual mitigation levers, including reduction of global energy demand, decarbonisation of energy production, development of land-management systems, and the pace and scale of deploying carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies. The reliance of 1.5 °C scenarios on these levers needs to be critically assessed in light of the potentials of the relevant technologies and roll-out plans. We use a set of five parameters to bundle and characterise the mitigation levers employed in the SR1.5 1.5 °C scenarios. For each of these levers, we draw on the literature to define 'medium' and 'high' upper bounds that delineate between their 'reasonable', 'challenging' and 'speculative' use by mid century. We do not find any 1.5 °C scenarios that stay within all medium upper bounds on the five mitigation levers. Scenarios most frequently 'over use' CDR with geological storage as a mitigation lever, whilst reductions of energy demand and carbon intensity of energy production are 'over used' less frequently. If we allow mitigation levers to be employed up to our high upper bounds, we are left with 22 of the SR1.5 1.5 °C scenarios with no or low overshoot. The scenarios that fulfil these criteria are characterised by greater coverage of the available mitigation levers than those scenarios that exceed at least one of the high upper bounds. When excluding the two scenarios that exceed the SR1.5 carbon budget for limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, this subset of 1.5 °C scenarios shows a range of 15–22 Gt CO2 (16–22 Gt CO2 interquartile range) for emissions in 2030. For the year of reaching net zero CO2 emissions the range is 2039–2061 (2049–2057 interquartile range).
KW  - climate change
KW  - emissions scenarios
KW  - 1.5 ◦C
KW  - negative emissions
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abfeec
SN  - 1748-9326
N1  - Corrigendum: 10.1088/1748-9326/acbf6a
VL  - 16
IS  - 6
PB  - IOP Publishing
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Ette, Ottmar
T1  - Alexander von Humboldt y América Latina
BT  - Introducción
T2  - Iberoamericana
N2  - Basándose en el conjunto de la obra humboldtiana, desde sus comienzos hasta el Cosmos, este dossier trata de destacar la orientación cosmopolita del sabio prusiano así como, sobre todo, el fundamento americano de sus enfoques. El continente americano, para Humboldt, representa la diversidad de lo pensable y la multirrelacionalidad de lo imaginable: la llave para entender su cosmovisión.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.18441/ibam.19.2019.70.7-8
SN  - 1577-3388
SN  - 2255-520X
VL  - 19
IS  - 70
SP  - 7
EP  - 8
PB  - Vervuert
CY  - Frankfurt am Main
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Menze, Inga
A1  - Müller, Patrick
A1  - Müller, Notger Germar
A1  - Schmicker, Marlen
T1  - Age-related cognitive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and associated mental health changes in Germans
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - Restrictive means to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic have not only imposed broad challenges on mental health but might also affect cognitive health. Here we asked how restriction-related changes influence cognitive performance and how age, perceived loneliness, depressiveness and affectedness by restrictions contribute to these effects. 51 Germans completed three assessments of an online based study during the first lockdown in Germany (April 2020), a month later, and during the beginning of the second lockdown (November 2020). Participants completed nine online cognitive tasks of the MyBrainTraining and online questionnaires about their perceived strain and impact on lifestyle factors by the situation (affectedness), perceived loneliness, depressiveness as well as subjective cognitive performance. The results suggested a possible negative impact of depressiveness and affectedness on objective cognitive performance within the course of the lockdown. The younger the participants, the more pronounced these effects were. Loneliness and depressiveness moreover contributed to a worse evaluation of subjective cognition. In addition, especially younger individuals reported increased distress. As important educational and social input has partly been scarce during this pandemic and mental health problems have increased, future research should also assess cognitive long-term consequences.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11283-9
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature portfolio
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zuhr, Alexandra M.
A1  - Dolman, Andrew M.
A1  - Ho, Sze Ling
A1  - Groeneveld, Jeroen
A1  - Loewemark, Ludvig
A1  - Grotheer, Hendrik
A1  - Su, Chih-Chieh
A1  - Laepple, Thomas
T1  - Age-heterogeneity in marine sediments revealed by three-dimensional high-resolution radiocarbon measurements
JF  - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2  - Marine sedimentary archives are routinely used to reconstruct past environmental changes. In many cases, bioturbation and sedimentary mixing affect the proxy time-series and the age-depth relationship. While idealized models of bioturbation exist, they usually assume homogeneous mixing, thus that a single sample is representative for the sediment layer it is sampled from. 

However, it is largely unknown to which extent this assumption holds for sediments used for paleoclimate reconstructions. 
To shed light on 
1) the age-depth relationship and its full uncertainty, 
2) the magnitude of mixing processes affecting the downcore proxy variations, and 
3) the representativity of the discrete sample for the sediment layer, we designed and performed a case study on South China Sea sediment material which was collected using a box corer and which covers the last glacial cycle. 

Using the radiocarbon content of foraminiferal tests as a tracer of time, we characterize the spatial age-heterogeneity of sediments in a three-dimensional setup. In total, 118 radiocarbon measurements were performed on defined small- and large-volume bulk samples ( similar to 200 specimens each) to investigate the horizontal heterogeneity of the sediment. Additionally, replicated measurements on small numbers of specimens (10 x 5 specimens) were performed to assess the heterogeneity within a sample volume. Visual assessment of X-ray images and a quantitative assessment of the mixing strength show typical mixing from bioturbation corresponding to around 10 cm mixing depth. 

Notably, our 3D radiocarbon distribution reveals that the horizontal heterogeneity (up to 1,250 years), contributing to the age uncertainty, is several times larger than the typically assumed radiocarbon based age-model error (single errors up to 250 years). Furthermore, the assumption of a perfectly bioturbated layer with no mixing underneath is not met. 

Our analysis further demonstrates that the age-heterogeneity might be a function of sample size; smaller samples might contain single features from the incomplete mixing and are thus less representative than larger samples. 
We provide suggestions for future studies, optimal sampling strategies for quantitative paleoclimate reconstructions and realistic uncertainty in age models, as well as discuss possible implications for the interpretation of paleoclimate records.
KW  - paleoceanography
KW  - radiocarbon
KW  - age-heterogeneity
KW  - marine sediments
KW  - planktonic foraminifera
KW  - bioturbation
KW  - agemodeling
KW  - South China Sea
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.871902
SN  - 2296-6463
VL  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Odongo, Grace Akinyi
A1  - Schlotz, Nina
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Huyskens-Keil, Susanne
A1  - Ngwene, Benard
A1  - Trierweiler, Bernhard
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Lamy, Evelyn
T1  - African Nightshade (Solanum scabrum Mill.)
BT  - Impact of Cultivation and Plant Processing on Its Health Promoting Potential as Determined in a Human Liver Cell Model
JF  - Nutrients
N2  - Plant cultivation and processing may impact nutrient and phytochemical content of vegetables. The present study aimed at determining the influence of cultivation and processing on the health promoting capacity of African nightshade (Solanum scabrum Mill.) leaves, an indigenous vegetable, rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. Anti-genotoxicity against the human liver carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB(1)) as determined by the comet assay and radical oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts were investigated in human derived liver (HepG2) cells. ROS scavenging activity was assessed using electron paramagnetic spin resonance and quantification of ARE/Nrf2 mediated gene expression. The cultivation was done under different environmental conditions. The processing included fermentation and cooking; postharvest ultraviolet irradiation (UV-C) treatment was also investigated. Overall, S. scabrum extracts showed strong health promoting potential, the highest potential was observed with the fermented extract, which showed a 60% reduction of AFB(1) induced DNA damage and a 38% reduction in FeSO4 induced oxidative stress. The content of total polyphenols, carotenoids and chlorophylls was indeed affected by cultivation and processing. Based on the present in vitro findings consumption of S. scabrum leaves could be further encouraged, preferentially after cooking or fermentation of the plant.
KW  - aflatoxin B1
KW  - African indigenous vegetables
KW  - anti-genotoxicity
KW  - anti-oxidant activity
KW  - cancer chemoprevention
KW  - Solanaceae
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101532
SN  - 2072-6643
VL  - 10
IS  - 10
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ramachandran, Srikanthan
A1  - Rupakheti, Maheswar
A1  - Lawrence, Mark
T1  - Aerosol-induced atmospheric heating rate decreases over South and East Asia as a result of changing content and composition
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - Aerosol emissions from human activities are extensive and changing rapidly over Asia. Model simulations and satellite observations indicate a dipole pattern in aerosol emissions and loading between South Asia and East Asia, two of the most heavily polluted regions of the world. We examine the previously unexplored diverging trends in the existing dipole pattern of aerosols between East and South Asia using the high quality, two-decade long ground-based time series of observations of aerosol properties from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), from satellites (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)), and from model simulations (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). The data cover the period since 2001 for Kanpur (South Asia) and Beijing (East Asia), two locations taken as being broadly representative of the respective regions. Since 2010 a dipole in aerosol optical depth (AOD) is maintained, but the trend is reversed-the decrease in AOD over Beijing (East Asia) is rapid since 2010, being 17% less in current decade compared to first decade of twenty-first century, while the AOD over South Asia increased by 12% during the same period. Furthermore, we find that the aerosol composition is also changing over time. The single scattering albedo (SSA), a measure of aerosol's absorption capacity and related to aerosol composition, is slightly higher over Beijing than Kanpur, and has increased from 0.91 in 2002 to 0.93 in 2017 over Beijing and from 0.89 to 0.92 during the same period over Kanpur, confirming that aerosols in this region have on an average become more scattering in nature. These changes have led to a notable decrease in aerosol-induced atmospheric heating rate (HR) over both regions between the two decades, decreasing considerably more over East Asia (- 31%) than over South Asia (- 9%). The annual mean HR is lower now, it is still large (>= 0.6 K per day), which has significant climate implications. The seasonal trends in AOD, SSA and HR are more pronounced than their respective annual trends over both regions. The seasonal trends are caused mainly by the increase/decrease in anthropogenic aerosol emissions (sulfate, black carbon and organic carbon) while the natural aerosols (dust and sea salt) did not change significantly over South and East Asia during the last two decades. The MERRA-2 model is able to simulate the observed trends in AODs well but not the magnitude, while it also did not simulate the SSA values or trends well. These robust findings based on observations of key aerosol parameters and previously unrecognized diverging trends over South and East Asia need to be accounted for in current state-of-the-art climate models to ensure accurate quantification of the complex and evolving impact of aerosols on the regional climate over Asia.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76936-z
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
PB  - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
CY  - [London]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weng, Wei
A1  - Lüdeke, Matthias K. B.
A1  - Zemp, Delphine Clara
A1  - Lakes, Tobia
A1  - Kropp, Jürgen
T1  - Aerial and surface rivers
BT  - downwind impacts on water availability from land use changes in Amazonia
JF  - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS
N2  - The abundant evapotranspiration provided by the Amazon forests is an important component of the hydrological cycle, both regionally and globally. Since the last century, deforestation and expanding agricultural activities have been changing the ecosystem and its provision of moisture to the atmosphere. However, it remains uncertain how the ongoing land use change will influence rainfall, runoff, and water availability as findings from previous studies differ. Using moisture tracking experiments based on observational data, we provide a spatially detailed analysis recognizing potential teleconnection between source and sink regions of atmospheric moisture. We apply land use scenarios in upwind moisture sources and quantify the corresponding rainfall and runoff changes in downwind moisture sinks. We find spatially varying responses of water regimes to land use changes, which may explain the diverse results from previous studies. Parts of the Peruvian Amazon and western Bolivia are identified as the sink areas most sensitive to land use change in the Amazon and we highlight the current water stress by Amazonian land use change on these areas in terms of the water availability. Furthermore, we also identify the influential source areas where land use change may considerably reduce a given target sink's water reception (from our example of the Ucayali River basin outlet, rainfall by 5–12 % and runoff by 19–50 % according to scenarios). Sensitive sinks and influential sources are therefore suggested as hotspots for achieving sustainable land–water management.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-911-2018
SN  - 1027-5606
SN  - 1607-7938
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
SP  - 911
EP  - 927
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brieger, Frederic
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
A1  - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna
A1  - Bookhagen, Bodo
A1  - Zakharov, Evgenii S.
A1  - Kruse, Stefan
T1  - Advances in the Derivation of Northeast Siberian Forest Metrics Using High-Resolution UAV-Based Photogrammetric Point Clouds
JF  - Remote sensing
N2  - Forest structure is a crucial component in the assessment of whether a forest is likely to act as a carbon sink under changing climate. Detailed 3D structural information about the tundra–taiga ecotone of Siberia is mostly missing and still underrepresented in current research due to the remoteness and restricted accessibility. Field based, high-resolution remote sensing can provide important knowledge for the understanding of vegetation properties and dynamics. In this study, we test the applicability of consumer-grade Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for rapid calculation of stand metrics in treeline forests. We reconstructed high-resolution photogrammetric point clouds and derived canopy height models for 10 study sites from NE Chukotka and SW Yakutia. Subsequently, we detected individual tree tops using a variable-window size local maximum filter and applied a marker-controlled watershed segmentation for the delineation of tree crowns. With this, we successfully detected 67.1% of the validation individuals. Simple linear regressions of observed and detected metrics show a better correlation (R2) and lower relative root mean square percentage error (RMSE%) for tree heights (mean R2 = 0.77, mean RMSE% = 18.46%) than for crown diameters (mean R2 = 0.46, mean RMSE% = 24.9%). The comparison between detected and observed tree height distributions revealed that our tree detection method was unable to representatively identify trees <2 m. Our results show that plot sizes for vegetation surveys in the tundra–taiga ecotone should be adapted to the forest structure and have a radius of >15–20 m to capture homogeneous and representative forest stands. Additionally, we identify sources of omission and commission errors and give recommendations for their mitigation. In summary, the efficiency of the used method depends on the complexity of the forest’s stand structure.
KW  - UAV
KW  - photogrammetry
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - structure from motion
KW  - tundra-taiga ecotone
KW  - point cloud
KW  - forest structure
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11121447
SN  - 2072-4292
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Randall, Matthew J.
A1  - Jüngel, Astrid
A1  - Rimann, Markus
A1  - Wuertz-Kozak, Karin
T1  - Advances in the biofabrication of 3D Skin in vitro
BT  - healthy and pathological models
JF  - Frontiers in Bioengineeringand Biotechnology
N2  - The relevance for in vitro three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture of skin has been present for almost a century. From using skin biopsies in organ culture, to vascularized organotypic full-thickness reconstructed human skin equivalents, in vitro tissue regeneration of 3D skin has reached a golden era. However, the reconstruction of 3D skin still has room to grow and develop. The need for reproducible methodology, physiological structures and tissue architecture, and perfusable vasculature are only recently becoming a reality, though the addition of more complex structures such as glands and tactile corpuscles require advanced technologies. In this review, we will discuss the current methodology for biofabrication of 3D skin models and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the existing systems as well as emphasize how new techniques can aid in the production of a truly physiologically relevant skin construct for preclinical innovation.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2018.00154
SN  - 2296-4185
VL  - 6
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Basler, Georg
A1  - Fernie, Alisdair R.
A1  - Nikoloski, Zoran
T1  - Advances in metabolic flux analysis toward genome-scale profiling of higher organisms
JF  - Bioscience reports : communications and reviews in molecular and cellular biology
N2  - Methodological and technological advances have recently paved the way for metabolic flux profiling in higher organisms, like plants. However, in comparison with omics technologies, flux profiling has yet to provide comprehensive differential flux maps at a genome-scale and in different cell types, tissues, and organs. Here we highlight the recent advances in technologies to gather metabolic labeling patterns and flux profiling approaches. We provide an opinion of how recent local flux profiling approaches can be used in conjunction with the constraint-based modeling framework to arrive at genome-scale flux maps. In addition, we point at approaches which use metabolomics data without introduction of label to predict either non-steady state fluxes in a time-series experiment or flux changes in different experimental scenarios. The combination of these developments allows an experimentally feasible approach for flux-based large-scale systems biology studies.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20170224
SN  - 0144-8463
SN  - 1573-4935
VL  - 38
PB  - Portland Press (London)
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schlappa, Stephanie
A1  - Bressel, Lena
A1  - Reich, Oliver
A1  - Münzberg, Marvin
T1  - Advanced particle size analysis in high-solid-content polymer dispersions using photon density wave spectroscopy
JF  - Polymers
N2  - High-solid-content polystyrene and polyvinyl acetate dispersions of polymer particles with a 50 nm to 500 nm mean particle diameter and 12-55% (w/w) solid content have been produced via emulsion polymerization and characterized regarding their optical and physical properties. Both systems have been analyzed with common particle-size-measuring techniques like dynamic light scattering (DLS) and static light scattering (SLS) and compared to inline particle size distribution (PSD) measurements via photon density wave (PDW) spectroscopy in undiluted samples. It is shown that particle size measurements of undiluted polystyrene dispersions are in good agreement between analysis methods. However, for polyvinyl acetate particles, size determination is challenging due to bound water in the produced polymer. For the first time, water-swelling factors were determined via an iterative approach of PDW spectroscopy error (X-2) minimization. It is shown that water-swollen particles can be analyzed in high-solid-content solutions and their physical properties can be assumed to determine the refractive index, density, and volume fraction in dispersion. It was found that assumed water swelling improved the reduced scattering coefficient fit by PDW spectroscopy by up to ten times and particle size determination was refined and enabled. Particle size analysis of the water-swollen particles agreed well with offline-based state-of-the-art techniques.
KW  - emulsion polymerization
KW  - multiple light scattering
KW  - photon density wave
KW  - spectroscopy
KW  - particle sizing
KW  - swelling of polymers
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15153181
SN  - 2073-4360
VL  - 15
IS  - 15
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Taubert, Andreas
A1  - Leroux, Fabrice
A1  - Rabu, Pierre
A1  - de Zea Bermudez, Veronica
T1  - Advanced hybrid nanomaterials
JF  - Beilstein journal of nanotechnology
KW  - colloidal chemistry
KW  - environmental remediation
KW  - hybrid nanomaterials
KW  - nanocomposite
KW  - nanofillers
KW  - nanomedicine
KW  - nanostructures
KW  - polymer fillers
KW  - pore templating
KW  - smart materials
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.247
SN  - 2190-4286
VL  - 10
SP  - 2563
EP  - 2567
PB  - Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften
CY  - Frankfurt am Main
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Birukov, Anna
A1  - Cuadrat, Rafael R. C.
A1  - Polemiti, Elli
A1  - Eichelmann, Fabian
A1  - Schulze, Matthias Bernd
T1  - Advanced glycation end-products, measured as skin autofluorescence, associate with vascular stiffness in diabetic, pre-diabetic and normoglycemic individuals
BT  - a cross-sectional study
JF  - Cardiovascular diabetology
N2  - Background Advanced glycation end-products are proteins that become glycated after contact with sugars and are implicated in endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening. We aimed to investigate the relationships between advanced glycation end-products, measured as skin autofluorescence, and vascular stiffness in various glycemic strata. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort, comprising n = 3535 participants (median age 67 years, 60% women). Advanced glycation end-products were measured as skin autofluorescence with AGE-Reader (TM), vascular stiffness was measured as pulse wave velocity, augmentation index and ankle-brachial index with Vascular Explorer (TM). A subset of 1348 participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Participants were sub-phenotyped into normoglycemic, prediabetes and diabetes groups. Associations between skin autofluorescence and various indices of vascular stiffness were assessed by multivariable regression analyses and were adjusted for age, sex, measures of adiposity and lifestyle, blood pressure, prevalent conditions, medication use and blood biomarkers. Results Skin autofluorescence associated with pulse wave velocity, augmentation index and ankle-brachial index, adjusted beta coefficients (95% CI) per unit skin autofluorescence increase: 0.38 (0.21; 0.55) for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, 0.25 (0.14; 0.37) for aortic pulse wave velocity, 1.00 (0.29; 1.70) for aortic augmentation index, 4.12 (2.24; 6.00) for brachial augmentation index and - 0.04 (- 0.05; - 0.02) for ankle-brachial index. The associations were strongest in men, younger individuals and were consistent across all glycemic strata: for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity 0.36 (0.12; 0.60) in normoglycemic, 0.33 (- 0.01; 0.67) in prediabetes and 0.45 (0.09; 0.80) in diabetes groups; with similar estimates for aortic pulse wave velocity. Augmentation index was associated with skin autofluorescence only in normoglycemic and diabetes groups. Ankle-brachial index inversely associated with skin autofluorescence across all sex, age and glycemic strata. Conclusions Our findings indicate that advanced glycation end-products measured as skin autofluorescence might be involved in vascular stiffening independent of age and other cardiometabolic risk factors not only in individuals with diabetes but also in normoglycemic and prediabetic conditions. Skin autofluorescence might prove as a rapid and non-invasive method for assessment of macrovascular disease progression across all glycemic strata.
KW  - Advanced glycation end-products
KW  - AGE
KW  - Ankle-brachial index
KW  - Augmentation
KW  - index
KW  - Prediabetes
KW  - Glycemia
KW  - Pulse wave velocity
KW  - Skin
KW  - autofluorescence
KW  - Vascular stiffness
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-021-01296-5
SN  - 1475-2840
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Poltrock, Silvana
A1  - Chen, Hui
A1  - Kwok, Celia
A1  - Cheung, Hintat
A1  - Nazzi, Thierry
T1  - Adult learning of novel words in a non-native language
BT  - Consonants, Vowels, and Tones
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
KW  - word learning
KW  - minimal pairs
KW  - non-native speech perception
KW  - tones
KW  - adults
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01211
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Foong, Adrian
A1  - Pradhan, Prajal
A1  - Frör, Oliver
A1  - Kropp, Jürgen P.
T1  - Adjusting agricultural emissions for trade matters for climate change mitigation
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in food systems is becoming more challenging as food is increasingly consumed away from producer regions, highlighting the need to consider emissions embodied in trade in agricultural emissions accounting. 
To address this, our study explores recent trends in trade-adjusted agricultural emissions of food items at the global, regional, and national levels. 

We find that emissions are largely dependent on a country’s consumption patterns and their agricultural emission intensities relative to their trading partners’. 
The absolute differences between the production-based and trade-adjusted emissions accounting approaches are especially apparent for major agricultural exporters and importers and where large shares of emission-intensive items such as ruminant meat, milk products and rice are involved. 

In relative terms, some low-income and emerging and developing economies with consumption of high emission intensity food products show large differences between approaches. 
Similar trends are also found under various specifications that account for trade and re-exports differently. 
These findings could serve as an important element towards constructing national emissions reduction targets that consider trading partners, leading to more effective emissions reductions overall.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30607-x
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Radchuk, Viktoriia
A1  - Reed, Thomas
A1  - Teplitsky, Celine
A1  - van de Pol, Martijn
A1  - Charmantier, Anne
A1  - Hassall, Christopher
A1  - Adamik, Peter
A1  - Adriaensen, Frank
A1  - Ahola, Markus P.
A1  - Arcese, Peter
A1  - Miguel Aviles, Jesus
A1  - Balbontin, Javier
A1  - Berg, Karl S.
A1  - Borras, Antoni
A1  - Burthe, Sarah
A1  - Clobert, Jean
A1  - Dehnhard, Nina
A1  - de Lope, Florentino
A1  - Dhondt, Andre A.
A1  - Dingemanse, Niels J.
A1  - Doi, Hideyuki
A1  - Eeva, Tapio
A1  - Fickel, Jörns
A1  - Filella, Iolanda
A1  - Fossoy, Frode
A1  - Goodenough, Anne E.
A1  - Hall, Stephen J. G.
A1  - Hansson, Bengt
A1  - Harris, Michael
A1  - Hasselquist, Dennis
A1  - Hickler, Thomas
A1  - Jasmin Radha, Jasmin
A1  - Kharouba, Heather
A1  - Gabriel Martinez, Juan
A1  - Mihoub, Jean-Baptiste
A1  - Mills, James A.
A1  - Molina-Morales, Mercedes
A1  - Moksnes, Arne
A1  - Ozgul, Arpat
A1  - Parejo, Deseada
A1  - Pilard, Philippe
A1  - Poisbleau, Maud
A1  - Rousset, Francois
A1  - Rödel, Mark-Oliver
A1  - Scott, David
A1  - Carlos Senar, Juan
A1  - Stefanescu, Constanti
A1  - Stokke, Bard G.
A1  - Kusano, Tamotsu
A1  - Tarka, Maja
A1  - Tarwater, Corey E.
A1  - Thonicke, Kirsten
A1  - Thorley, Jack
A1  - Wilting, Andreas
A1  - Tryjanowski, Piotr
A1  - Merila, Juha
A1  - Sheldon, Ben C.
A1  - Moller, Anders Pape
A1  - Matthysen, Erik
A1  - Janzen, Fredric
A1  - Dobson, F. Stephen
A1  - Visser, Marcel E.
A1  - Beissinger, Steven R.
A1  - Courtiol, Alexandre
A1  - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
T1  - Adaptive responses of animals to climate change are most likely insufficient
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Biological responses to climate change have been widely documented across taxa and regions, but it remains unclear whether species are maintaining a good match between phenotype and environment, i.e. whether observed trait changes are adaptive. Here we reviewed 10,090 abstracts and extracted data from 71 studies reported in 58 relevant publications, to assess quantitatively whether phenotypic trait changes associated with climate change are adaptive in animals. A meta-analysis focussing on birds, the taxon best represented in our dataset, suggests that global warming has not systematically affected morphological traits, but has advanced phenological traits. We demonstrate that these advances are adaptive for some species, but imperfect as evidenced by the observed consistent selection for earlier timing. Application of a theoretical model indicates that the evolutionary load imposed by incomplete adaptive responses to ongoing climate change may already be threatening the persistence of species.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10924-4
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 10
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schaefer, Laura
A1  - Dech, Silas
A1  - Bittmann, Frank
T1  - Adaptive force and emotionally related imaginations
BT  - Preliminary results suggest a reduction of the maximal holding capacity as reaction to disgusting food imagination
JF  - Heliyon
N2  - The link between emotions and motor control has been discussed for years. The measurement of the Adaptive Force (AF) provides the possibility to get insights into the adaptive control of the neuromuscular system in reaction to external forces. It was hypothesized that the holding isometric AF is especially vulnerable to disturbing inputs. Here, the behavior of the AF under the influence of positive (tasty) vs. negative (disgusting) food imaginations was investigated. The AF was examined in n = 12 cases using an objectified manual muscle test of the hip flexors, elbow flexors or pectoralis major muscle, performed by one of two experienced testers while the participants imagined their most tasty or most disgusting food. The reaction force and the limb position were measured by a handheld device. While the slope of force rises and the maximal AF did not differ significantly between tasty and disgusting imaginations (p > 0.05), the maximal isometric AF was significantly lower and the AF at the onset of oscillations was significantly higher under disgusting vs. tasty imaginations (both p = 0.001). A proper length tension control of muscles seems to be a crucial functional parameter of the neuromuscular system which can be impaired instantaneously by emotionally related negative imaginations. This might be a potential approach to evaluate somatic reactions to emotions.
KW  - Adaptive Force
KW  - Isometric Adaptive Force
KW  - Holding capacity
KW  - Holding
KW  - isometric muscle action
KW  - Imaginations
KW  - Emotions
KW  - Motor control
KW  - Functional weakness
KW  - Manual muscle test
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07827
SN  - 2405-8440
VL  - 7
IS  - 8
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Prieske, Olaf
A1  - Chaabene, Helmi
A1  - Moran, Jason
A1  - Saeterbakken, Atle Hole
T1  - Adaptations to Advanced Resistance Training Strategies in Youth and Adult Athletes
JF  - Frontiers in physiology / Frontiers Research Foundation
KW  - strength training
KW  - sportsmen
KW  - mechanisms
KW  - chronic effects
KW  - acute effects
KW  - applied physiology
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.888118
SN  - 1664-042X
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kreibich, Heidi
A1  - Di Baldassarre, Giuliano
A1  - Vorogushyn, Sergiy
A1  - Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H.
A1  - Apel, Heiko
A1  - Aronica, Giuseppe T.
A1  - Arnbjerg-Nielsen, Karsten
A1  - Bouwer, Laurens M.
A1  - Bubeck, Philip
A1  - Caloiero, Tommaso
A1  - Chinh, Do T.
A1  - Cortes, Maria
A1  - Gain, Animesh K.
A1  - Giampa, Vincenzo
A1  - Kuhlicke, Christian
A1  - Kundzewicz, Zbigniew W.
A1  - Llasat, Maria Carmen
A1  - Mard, Johanna
A1  - Matczak, Piotr
A1  - Mazzoleni, Maurizio
A1  - Molinari, Daniela
A1  - Dung, Nguyen V.
A1  - Petrucci, Olga
A1  - Schröter, Kai
A1  - Slager, Kymo
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
A1  - Ward, Philip J.
A1  - Merz, Bruno
T1  - Adaptation to flood risk
BT  - Results of international paired flood event studies
JF  - Earth's Future
N2  - As flood impacts are increasing in large parts of the world, understanding the primary drivers of changes in risk is essential for effective adaptation. To gain more knowledge on the basis of empirical case studies, we analyze eight paired floods, that is, consecutive flood events that occurred in the same region, with the second flood causing significantly lower damage. These success stories of risk reduction were selected across different socioeconomic and hydro-climatic contexts. The potential of societies to adapt is uncovered by describing triggered societal changes, as well as formal measures and spontaneous processes that reduced flood risk. This novel approach has the potential to build the basis for an international data collection and analysis effort to better understand and attribute changes in risk due to hydrological extremes in the framework of the IAHSs Panta Rhei initiative. Across all case studies, we find that lower damage caused by the second event was mainly due to significant reductions in vulnerability, for example, via raised risk awareness, preparedness, and improvements of organizational emergency management. Thus, vulnerability reduction plays an essential role for successful adaptation. Our work shows that there is a high potential to adapt, but there remains the challenge to stimulate measures that reduce vulnerability and risk in periods in which extreme events do not occur.
KW  - flooding
KW  - vulnerability
KW  - global environmental change
KW  - adaptation
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/2017EF000606
SN  - 2328-4277
VL  - 5
SP  - 953
EP  - 965
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wutzler, Bianca
A1  - Hudson, Paul
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
T1  - Adaptation strategies of flood-damaged businesses in Germany
JF  - Frontiers in water
N2  - Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.
KW  - risk management
KW  - climate change adaptation
KW  - floods
KW  - disaster risk
KW  - reduction
KW  - Germany
KW  - precaution
KW  - emergency management
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.932061
SN  - 2624-9375
VL  - 4
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Willner, Sven N.
A1  - Levermann, Anders
A1  - Zhao, Fang
A1  - Frieler, Katja
T1  - Adaptation required to preserve future high-end river flood risk at present levels
JF  - Science Advances
N2  - Earth’s surface temperature will continue to rise for another 20 to 30 years even with the strongest carbon emission reduction currently considered. The associated changes in rainfall patterns can result in an increased flood risk worldwide. We compute the required increase in flood protection to keep high-end fluvial flood risk at present levels. The analysis is carried out worldwide for subnational administrative units. Most of the United States, Central Europe, and Northeast and West Africa, as well as large parts of India and Indonesia, require the strongest adaptation effort. More than half of the United States needs to at least double their protection within the next two decades. Thus, the need for adaptation to increased river flood is a global problem affecting industrialized regions as much as developing countries.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao1914
SN  - 2375-2548
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
PB  - American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dellepiane, Sergio
A1  - Vaid, Akhil
A1  - Jaladanki, Suraj K.
A1  - Coca, Steven
A1  - Fayad, Zahi A.
A1  - Charney, Alexander W.
A1  - Böttinger, Erwin
A1  - He, John Cijiang
A1  - Glicksberg, Benjamin S.
A1  - Chan, Lili
A1  - Nadkarni, Girish
T1  - Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York City
BT  - temporal trends From March 2020 to April 2021
JF  - Kidney medicine
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2021.06.008
SN  - 2590-0595
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
SP  - 877
EP  - 879
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zinke, Fridolin
A1  - Gebel, Arnd
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Prieske, Olaf
T1  - Acute Effects of Short-Term Local Tendon Vibration on Plantar Flexor Torque, Muscle Contractile Properties, Neuromuscular and Brain Activity in Young Athletes
JF  - Journal of sports science & medicine
N2  - The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of short-term Achilles tendon vibration on plantar flexor torque, twitch contractile properties as well as muscle and cortical activity in young athletes. Eleven female elite soccer players aged 15.6 +/- 0.5 years participated in this study. Three different conditions were applied in randomized order: Achilles tendon vibration (80 Hz) for 30 and 300 s, and a passive control condition (300 s). Tests at baseline and following conditions included the assessment of peak plantar flexor torque during maximum voluntary contraction, electrically evoked muscle twitches (e.g., potentiated twitch peak torque [PT]), and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the plantar flexors. Additionally, electroencephalographic (EEG) activity of the primary motor and somatosensory cortex were assessed during a submaximal dynamic concentric-eccentric plantar flexion exercise using an elastic rubber band. Large-sized main effects of condition were found for EEG absolute alpha-1 and beta-1 band power (p <= 0.011; 1.5 <= d <= 2.6). Post-hoc tests indicated that alpha-1 power was significantly lower at 30 and 300 s (p = 0.009; d = 0.8) and beta-1 power significantly lower at 300 s (p < 0.001; d = 0.2) compared to control condition. No significant effect of condition was found for peak plantar flexor torque, electrical evoked muscle twitches, and EMG activity. In conclusion, short-term local Achilles tendon vibration induced lower brain activity (i.e., alpha-1 and beta-1 band power) but did not affect lower limb peak torque, twitch contractile properties, and muscle activity. Lower brain activity following short-term local Achilles tendon vibration may indicate improved cortical function during a submaximal dynamic exercise in female young soccer players.
KW  - Postactivation potentiation
KW  - electromyography
KW  - electroencephalography
KW  - maximum voluntary contraction
KW  - soccer
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 1303-2968
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
SP  - 327
EP  - 336
PB  - Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty of Uludag University
CY  - Bursa
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Beckmann, Nadine
A1  - Becker, Katrin Anne
A1  - Kadow, Stephanie
A1  - Schumacher, Fabian
A1  - Kramer, Melanie
A1  - Kuehn, Claudine
A1  - Schulz-Schaeffer, Walter J.
A1  - Edwards, Michael J.
A1  - Kleuser, Burkhard
A1  - Gulbins, Erich
A1  - Carpinteiro, Alexander
T1  - Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency Ameliorates Farber Disease
JF  - International journal of molecular sciences
N2  - Farber disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder resulting from acid ceramidase deficiency and subsequent ceramide accumulation. No treatments for Farber disease are clinically available, and affected patients have a severely shortened lifespan. We have recently reported a novel acid ceramidase deficiency model that mirrors the human disease closely. Acid sphingomyelinase is the enzyme that generates ceramide upstream of acid ceramidase in the lysosomes. Using our acid ceramidase deficiency model, we tested if acid sphingomyelinase could be a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of Farber disease. A number of functional acid sphingomyelinase inhibitors are clinically available and have been used for decades to treat major depression. Using these as a therapeutic for Farber disease, thus, has the potential to improve central nervous symptoms of the disease as well, something all other treatment options for Farber disease can’t achieve so far. As a proof-of-concept study, we first cross-bred acid ceramidase deficient mice with acid sphingomyelinase deficient mice in order to prevent ceramide accumulation. Double-deficient mice had reduced ceramide accumulation, fewer disease manifestations, and prolonged survival. We next targeted acid sphingomyelinase pharmacologically, to test if these findings would translate to a setting with clinical applicability. Surprisingly, the treatment of acid ceramidase deficient mice with the acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitriptyline was toxic to acid ceramidase deficient mice and killed them within a few days of treatment. In conclusion, our study provides the first proof-of-concept that acid sphingomyelinase could be a potential new therapeutic target for Farber disease to reduce disease manifestations and prolong survival. However, we also identified previously unknown toxicity of the functional acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitriptyline in the context of Farber disease, strongly cautioning against the use of this substance class for Farber disease patients.
KW  - Farber disease
KW  - lysosomal storage disorders
KW  - acid ceramidase
KW  - acid sphingomyelinase
KW  - amitriptyline
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246253
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 20
IS  - 24
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Graf, Lukas
A1  - Moreno-de-las-Heras, Mariano
A1  - Ruiz, Maurici
A1  - Calsamiglia, Aleix
A1  - García-Comendador, Julián
A1  - Fortesa, Josep
A1  - López-Tarazón, José A.
A1  - Estrany, Joan
T1  - Accuracy assessment of digital terrain model dataset sources for hydrogeomorphological modelling in small mediterranean catchments
JF  - Remote sensing
N2  - Digital terrain models (DTMs) are a fundamental source of information in Earth sciences. DTM-based studies, however, can contain remarkable biases if limitations and inaccuracies in these models are disregarded. In this work, four freely available datasets, including Shuttle Radar Topography Mission C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SRTM C-SAR V3 DEM), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Map (ASTER GDEM V2), and two nationwide airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived DTMs (at 5-m and 1-m spatial resolution, respectively) were analysed in three geomorphologically contrasting, small (3–5 km2) catchments located in Mediterranean landscapes under intensive human influence (Mallorca Island, Spain). Vertical accuracy as well as the influence of each dataset’s characteristics on hydrological and geomorphological modelling applicability were assessed by using ground-truth data, classic geometric and morphometric parameters, and a recently proposed index of sediment connectivity. Overall vertical accuracy—expressed as the root mean squared error (RMSE) and normalised median deviation (NMAD)—revealed the highest accuracy for the 1-m (RMSE = 1.55 m; NMAD = 0.44 m) and 5-m LiDAR DTMs (RMSE = 1.73 m; NMAD = 0.84 m). Vertical accuracy of the SRTM data was lower (RMSE = 6.98 m; NMAD = 5.27 m), but considerably higher than for the ASTER data (RMSE = 16.10 m; NMAD = 11.23 m). All datasets were affected by systematic distortions. Propagation of these errors and coarse horizontal resolution caused negative impacts on flow routing, stream network, and catchment delineation, and to a lower extent, on the distribution of slope values. These limitations should be carefully considered when applying DTMs for catchment hydrogeomorphological modelling.
KW  - digital terrain models
KW  - DTM vertical accuracy
KW  - DTM comparison
KW  - hydrogeomorphological modelling
KW  - Mediterranean catchments
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10122014
SN  - 2072-4292
VL  - 10
IS  - 12
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kulawiak, Pawel R.
T1  - Academic benefits of wearing noise-cancelling headphones during class for typically developing students and students with special needs
BT  - a scoping review
JF  - Cogent education
N2  - Classroom noise impairs students' cognition and learning. At a first glance, it seems useful to prevent the negative effects of noise on academic learning by wearing noise-cancelling (NC) headphones during class. The literature and guidelines emphasize the academic benefits of wearing NC headphones (decreased auditory distraction, increased concentration, learning improvement, and decreased distress). These benefits are particularly expected for students with special needs. None of the recommendations to wear NC headphones during class refer to any empirical studies, indicating a potential research gap and lack of evidence. Therefore, the question arises: Is there any empirical evidence supporting academic benefits of wearing NC headphones during class for typically developing students or students with special needs? A total of 13 empirical studies (quantitative and qualitative) were identified through a systematic scoping review of the existing literature. A wide range of outcomes (cognition, learning, academic performance, behaviour, and emotions) were reported related to the use of NC headphones. Most of the studies refer to specific groups of students with special needs (learning disabilities, autism, ADHD, etc.). In view of the limited number of studies, small sample sizes, and lack of replication studies, all studies give the impression of being pilot studies on the academic benefits of wearing NC headphones. The practice of wearing NC headphones during class is an understudied topic. The current body of evidence does not meet the standards for evidence-based practices in both general and special education. Implications for educational practice and future research are discussed.
KW  - classroom noise
KW  - academic performance
KW  - noise-cancelling headphones
KW  - special needs
KW  - scoping review
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.1957530
SN  - 2331-186X
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
PB  - Taylor & Francis
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Guggenberger, Tobias
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Absence of stationary states and non-Boltzmann distributions of fractional Brownian motion in shallow external potentials
JF  - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics
N2  - We study the diffusive motion of a particle in a subharmonic potential of the form U(x) = |x|( c ) (0 < c < 2) driven by long-range correlated, stationary fractional Gaussian noise xi ( alpha )(t) with 0 < alpha <= 2. In the absence of the potential the particle exhibits free fractional Brownian motion with anomalous diffusion exponent alpha. While for an harmonic external potential the dynamics converges to a Gaussian stationary state, from extensive numerical analysis we here demonstrate that stationary states for shallower than harmonic potentials exist only as long as the relation c > 2(1 - 1/alpha) holds. We analyse the motion in terms of the mean squared displacement and (when it exists) the stationary probability density function. Moreover we discuss analogies of non-stationarity of Levy flights in shallow external potentials.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - Boltzmann distribution
KW  - fractional Brownian motion
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac7b3c
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 24
IS  - 7
PB  - Dt. Physikalische Ges.
CY  - [Bad Honnef]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Goswami, Bedartha
A1  - Boers, Niklas
A1  - Rheinwalt, Aljoscha
A1  - Marwan, Norbert
A1  - Heitzig, Jobst
A1  - Breitenbach, Sebastian Franz Martin
A1  - Kurths, Jürgen
T1  - Abrupt transitions in time series with uncertainties
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Identifying abrupt transitions is a key question in various disciplines. Existing transition detection methods, however, do not rigorously account for time series uncertainties, often neglecting them altogether or assuming them to be independent and qualitatively similar. Here, we introduce a novel approach suited to handle uncertainties by representing the time series as a time-ordered sequence of probability density functions. We show how to detect abrupt transitions in such a sequence using the community structure of networks representing probabilities of recurrence. Using our approach, we detect transitions in global stock indices related to well-known periods of politico-economic volatility. We further uncover transitions in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation which coincide with periods of phase locking with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Finally, we provide for the first time an ‘uncertainty-aware’ framework which validates the hypothesis that ice-rafting events in the North Atlantic during the Holocene were synchronous with a weakened Asian summer monsoon.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02456-6
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 9
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Doering, Ulrike
A1  - Grigoriev, Dmitry
A1  - Tapio, Kosti
A1  - Rosencrantz, Sophia
A1  - Rosencrantz, Ruben R.
A1  - Bald, Ilko
A1  - Böker, Alexander
T1  - About the mechanism of ultrasonically induced protein capsule formation
JF  - RSC Advances : an international journal to further the chemical sciences / Royal Society of Chemistry
N2  - In this paper, we propose a consistent mechanism of protein microcapsule formation upon ultrasound treatment. Aqueous suspensions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) microcapsules filled with toluene are prepared by use of high-intensity ultrasound following a reported method. Stabilization of the oil-in-water emulsion by the adsorption of the protein molecules at the interface of the emulsion droplets is accompanied by the creation of the cross-linked capsule shell due to formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds caused by highly reactive species like superoxide radicals generated sonochemically. The evidence for this mechanism, which until now remained elusive and was not proven properly, is presented based on experimental data from SDS-PAGE, Raman spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra08100k
SN  - 2046-2069
VL  - 11
IS  - 27
SP  - 16152
EP  - 16157
PB  - RSC Publishing
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Corti, Giacomo
A1  - Cioni, Raffaello
A1  - Franceschini, Zara
A1  - Sani, Federico
A1  - Scaillet, Stephane
A1  - Molin, Paola
A1  - Isola, Ilaria
A1  - Mazzarini, Francesco
A1  - Brune, Sascha
A1  - Keir, Derek
A1  - Erbello Doelesso, Asfaw
A1  - Muluneh, Ameha
A1  - Illsley-Kemp, Finnigan
A1  - Glerum, Anne
T1  - Aborted propagation of the Ethiopian rift caused by linkage with the Kenyan rift
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Continental rift systems form by propagation of isolated rift segments that interact, and eventually evolve into continuous zones of deformation. This process impacts many aspects of rifting including rift morphology at breakup, and eventual ocean-ridge segmentation. Yet, rift segment growth and interaction remain enigmatic. Here we present geological data from the poorly documented Ririba rift (South Ethiopia) that reveals how two major sectors of the East African rift, the Kenyan and Ethiopian rifts, interact. We show that the Ririba rift formed from the southward propagation of the Ethiopian rift during the Pliocene but this propagation was short-lived and aborted close to the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary. Seismicity data support the abandonment of laterally offset, overlapping tips of the Ethiopian and Kenyan rifts. Integration with new numerical models indicates that rift abandonment resulted from progressive focusing of the tectonic and magmatic activity into an oblique, throughgoing rift zone of near pure extension directly connecting the rift sectors.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09335-2
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 10
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cordonnier, Guillaume
A1  - Bovy, Benoit
A1  - Braun, Jean
T1  - A versatile, linear complexity algorithm for flow routing in topographies with depressions
JF  - Earth surface dynamics
N2  - We present a new algorithm for solving the common problem of flow trapped in closed depressions within digital elevation models, as encountered in many applications relying on flow routing. Unlike other approaches (e.g., the Priority-Flood depression filling algorithm), this solution is based on the explicit computation of the flow paths both within and across the depressions through the construction of a graph connecting together all adjacent drainage basins. Although this represents many operations, a linear time complexity can be reached for the whole computation, making it very efficient. Compared to the most optimized solutions proposed so far, we show that this algorithm of flow path enforcement yields the best performance when used in landscape evolution models. In addition to its efficiency, our proposed method also has the advantage of letting the user choose among different strategies of flow path enforcement within the depressions (i.e., filling vs. carving). Furthermore, the computed graph of basins is a generic structure that has the potential to be reused for solving other problems as well, such as the simulation of erosion. This sequential algorithm may be helpful for those who need to, e.g., process digital elevation models of moderate size on single computers or run batches of simulations as part of an inference study.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-549-2019
SN  - 2196-6311
SN  - 2196-632X
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
SP  - 549
EP  - 562
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Frank, Mario
A1  - Kreitz, Christoph
T1  - A theorem prover for scientific and educational purposes
T2  - Electronic proceedings in theoretical computer science
N2  - We present a prototype of an integrated reasoning environment for educational purposes. The presented tool is a fragment of a proof assistant and automated theorem prover. We describe the existing and planned functionality of the theorem prover and especially the functionality of the educational fragment. This currently supports working with terms of the untyped lambda calculus and addresses both undergraduate students and researchers. We show how the tool can be used to support the students' understanding of functional programming and discuss general problems related to the process of building theorem proving software that aims at supporting both research and education.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4204/EPTCS.267.4
SN  - 2075-2180
IS  - 267
SP  - 59
EP  - 69
PB  - Open Publishing Association
CY  - Sydney
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pradhan, Prajal
A1  - Costa, Luís Fílípe Carvalho da
A1  - Rybski, Diego
A1  - Lucht, Wolfgang
A1  - Kropp, Jürgen
T1  - A Systematic Study of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Interactions
JF  - Earths Future
N2  - Sustainable development goals (SDGs) have set the 2030 agenda to transform our world by tackling multiple challenges humankind is facing to ensure well-being, economic prosperity, and environmental protection. In contrast to conventional development agendas focusing on a restricted set of dimensions, the SDGs provide a holistic and multidimensional view on development. Hence, interactions among the SDGs may cause diverging results. To analyze the SDG interactions we systematize the identification of synergies and trade-offs using official SDG indicator data for 227 countries. A significant positive correlation between a pair of SDG indicators is classified as a synergy while a significant negative correlation is classified as a trade-off. We rank synergies and trade-offs between SDGs pairs on global and country scales in order to identify the most frequent SDG interactions. For a given SDG, positive correlations between indicator pairs were found to outweigh the negative ones in most countries. Among SDGs the positive and negative correlations between indicator pairs allowed for the identification of particular global patterns. SDG 1 (No poverty) has synergetic relationship with most of the other goals, whereas SDG 12 (Responsible consumption and production) is the goal most commonly associated with trade-offs. The attainment of the SDG agenda will greatly depend on whether the identified synergies among the goals can be leveraged. In addition, the highlighted trade-offs, which constitute obstacles in achieving the SDGs, need to be negotiated and made structurally nonobstructive by deeper changes in the current strategies.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/2017EF000632
SN  - 2328-4277
VL  - 5
SP  - 1169
EP  - 1179
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -