TY  - JOUR
A1  - Balderas-Valadez, Ruth Fabiola
A1  - Schürmann, Robin Mathis
A1  - Pacholski, Claudia
T1  - One Spot-Two Sensors: Porous Silicon Interferometers in Combination With Gold Nanostructures Showing Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance
JF  - Frontiers in chemistry
N2  - Sensors composed of a porous silicon monolayer covered with a film of nanostructured gold layer, which provide two optical signal transduction methods, are fabricated and thoroughly characterized concerning their sensing performance. For this purpose, silicon substrates were electrochemically etched in order to obtain porous silicon monolayers, which were subsequently immersed in gold salt solution facilitating the formation of a porous gold nanoparticle layer on top of the porous silicon. The deposition process was monitored by reflectance spectroscopy, and the appearance of a dip in the interference pattern of the porous silicon layer was observed. This dip can be assigned to the absorption of light by the deposited gold nanostructures leading to localized surface plasmon resonance. The bulk sensitivity of these sensors was determined by recording reflectance spectra in media having different refractive indices and compared to sensors exclusively based on porous silicon or gold nanostructures. A thorough analysis of resulting shifts of the different optical signals in the reflectance spectra on the wavelength scale indicated that the optical response of the porous silicon sensor is not influenced by the presence of a gold nanostructure on top. Moreover, the adsorption of thiol-terminated polystyrene to the sensor surface was solely detected by changes in the position of the dip in the reflectance spectrum, which is assigned to localized surface plasmon resonance in the gold nanostructures. The interference pattern resulting from the porous silicon layer is not shifted to longer wavelengths by the adsorption indicating the independence of the optical response of the two nanostructures, namely porous silicon and nanostructured gold layer, to refractive index changes and pointing to the successful realization of two sensors in one spot.
KW  - porous silicon
KW  - interferometry
KW  - gold nanostructures
KW  - surface plasmon resonance
KW  - optical sensor
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00593
SN  - 2296-2646
VL  - 7
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schuster, Dirk
T1  - Exclusive border crossing considerations on exclusive, inner-religious demarcations
JF  - Interdisciplinary journal for religion and transformation in contemporary society : J-RaT
N2  - From 1933, the inner Protestant 'German Christians Church Movement' from Thuringia took control over some Protestant regional churches in Germany. For the German Christians the main motives of their agitation were the creation of a 'volkisch' belief system based on race, Christianity and 'dejudaization' (of Christianity). <br /> Based on the theoretical considerations of spaces, boundaries and exclusion, the article uses the example of the German Christians to show under which conditions individuals are denied entry into an imaginary religious space. 'Exclusivist border crossings,' as this phenomena is named here on the theoretical perspective, can explain how religious arguments exclude people from entering a religious space such as salvation when the access criteria are linked to birth-related conditions.
KW  - space
KW  - border
KW  - social imaginaries
KW  - race
KW  - Third Reich
KW  - Protestantism
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.30965/23642807-00502009
SN  - 2365-3140
SN  - 2364-2807
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
SP  - 469
EP  - 492
PB  - Brill
CY  - Leiden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Senczuk, Gabriele
A1  - Havenstein, Katja
A1  - Milana, Valentina
A1  - Ripa, Chiara
A1  - De Simone, Emanuela
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1  - Castiglia, Riccardo
T1  - Spotlight on islands
BT  - on the origin and diversification of an ancient lineage of the Italian wall lizard Podarcis siculus in the western Pontine Islands
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - Groups of proximate continental islands may conceal more tangled phylogeographic patterns than oceanic archipelagos as a consequence of repeated sea level changes, which allow populations to experience gene flow during periods of low sea level stands and isolation by vicariant mechanisms during periods of high sea level stands. Here, we describe for the first time an ancient and diverging lineage of the Italian wall lizard Podarcis siculus from the western Pontine Islands. We used nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences of 156 individuals with the aim of unraveling their phylogenetic position, while microsatellite loci were used to test several a priori insular biogeographic models of migration with empirical data. Our results suggest that the western Pontine populations colonized the islands early during their Pliocene volcanic formation, while populations from the eastern Pontine Islands seem to have been introduced recently. The inter-island genetic makeup indicates an important role of historical migration, probably due to glacial land bridges connecting islands followed by a recent vicariant mechanism of isolation. Moreover, the most supported migration model predicted higher gene flow among islands which are geographically arranged in parallel. Considering the threatened status of small insular endemic populations, we suggest this new evolutionarily independent unit be given priority in conservation efforts.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33326-w
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 8
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gross, Stephanie
A1  - Claus, Philip
A1  - Wohlsein, Peter
A1  - Kesselring, Tina
A1  - Lakemeyer, Jan
A1  - Reckendorf, Anja
A1  - Roller, Marco
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1  - Siebert, Ursula
T1  - Indication of lethal interactions between a solitary bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the German Baltic Sea
JF  - BMC zoology
N2  - Background Aggressive interactions between bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) have been reported in different parts of the world since the late 1990s. In the Baltic Sea, harbor porpoises are the only native cetacean species, while bottlenose dolphins may appear there temporarily. In the fall of 2016, a solitary male photo-identified bottlenose dolphin stayed in the German Baltic Sea of Schleswig-Holstein for 3 months. During that time, the necropsies of the stranded harbor porpoises revealed types of trauma of varying degrees in six animals, which is unusual in this area. The purpose of this study was to determine if the appearance of the bottlenose dolphin could be linked to the trauma of the harbor porpoise carcasses. Results Pathological findings in these animals included subcutaneous, thoracic and abdominal hemorrhages, multiple, mainly bilateral, rib fractures, and one instance of lung laceration. These findings correspond with the previously reported dolphin-caused injuries in other regions. Moreover, public sighting reports showed a spatial and temporal correlation between the appearance of the dolphin and the stranding of fatally injured harbor porpoises. Conclusion Despite the fact that no attack has been witnessed in German waters to date, our findings indicate the first record of lethal interactions between a bottlenose dolphin and harbor porpoises in the German Baltic Sea. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first report of porpoise aggression by a socially isolated bottlenose dolphin.
KW  - Cetaceans
KW  - Interspecific aggression
KW  - Porpicide
KW  - Blunt trauma
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Stranding
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-020-00061-7
SN  - 2056-3132
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
PB  - BMC
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hipp, Lena
A1  - Konrad, Markus
T1  - Has Covid-19 increased gender inequalities in professional advancement?
BT  - cross-country evidence on productivity differences between male and female software developers
JF  - Journal of family research
N2  - Objective: This article analyzed gender differences in professional advancement following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic based on data from open-source software developers in 37 countries. Background: Men and women may have been affected differently from the social distancing measures implemented to contain the Covid-19 pandemic. Given that men and women tend to work in different jobs and that they have been unequally involved in childcare duties, school and workplace closings may have impacted men's and women's professional lives unequally. Method: We analyzed original data from the world's largest social coding community, GitHub. We first estimated a Holt-Winters forecast model to compare the predicted and the observed average weekly productivity of a random sample of male and female developers (N=177,480) during the first lockdown period in 2020. To explain the crosscountry variation in the gendered effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on software developers' productivity, we estimated two-way fixed effects models with different lockdown measures as predictors - school and workplace closures, in particular. Results: In most countries, both male and female developers were, on average, more productive than predicted, and productivity increased for both genders with increasing lockdown stringency. When examining the effects of the most relevant types of lockdown measures separately, we found that stay-at-home restrictions increased both men's and women's productivity and that workplace closures also increased the number of weekly contributions on average - but for women, only when schools were open. Conclusion: Having found gender differences in the effect of workplace closures contingent on school and daycare closures within a population that is relatively young and unlikely to have children (software developers), we conclude that the Covid-19 pandemic may indeed have contributed to increased gender inequalities in professional advancement.
KW  - gender
KW  - Covid-19
KW  - inequality
KW  - productivity
KW  - international comparison;
KW  - GitHub
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-697
SN  - 2699-2337
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
SP  - 134
EP  - 160
PB  - University of Bamberg Press
CY  - Bamberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koonce, Michael
A1  - Tikhonenko, Irina
A1  - Gräf, Ralph
T1  - Dictyostelium cell fixation
BT  - two simple tricks
JF  - Methods and protocols
N2  - We share two simple modifications to enhance the fixation and imaging of relatively small, motile, and rounded model cells. These include cell centrifugation and the addition of trace amounts of glutaraldehyde to existing fixation methods. Though they need to be carefully considered in each context, they have been useful to our studies of the spatial relationships of the microtubule cytoskeletal system.
KW  - Dictyostelium
KW  - cell fixation
KW  - microscopy
KW  - microtubule
KW  - cytoskeleton
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/mps3030047
SN  - 2409-9279
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mota, Simon
A1  - Leckelt, Marius
A1  - Geukes, Katharina
A1  - Nestler, Steffen
A1  - Humberg, Sarah
A1  - Schröder-Abe, Michela
A1  - Schmukle, Stefan C.
A1  - Back, Mitja D.
T1  - A comprehensive examination of narcissists’ self-perceived and actual socioemotional cognition ability
JF  - Collabra: Psychology
N2  - Narcissists are assumed to lack the motivation and ability to share and understand the mental states of others. Prior empirical research, however, has yielded inconclusive findings and has differed with respect to the specific aspects of narcissism and socioemotional cognition that have been examined. Here, we propose a differentiated facet approach that can be applied across research traditions and that distinguishes between facets of narcissism (agentic vs. antagonistic) on the one hand, and facets of socioemotional cognition ability (SECA; self-perceived vs. actual) on the other. Using five nonclinical samples in two studies (total N = 602), we investigated the effect of facets of grandiose narcissism on aspects of socioemotional cognition across measures of affective and cognitive empathy, Theory of Mind, and emotional intelligence, while also controlling for general reasoning ability. Across both studies, agentic facets of narcissism were found to be positively related to perceived SECA, whereas antagonistic facets of narcissism were found to be negatively related to perceived SECA. However, both narcissism facets were negatively related to actual SECA. Exploratory condition-based regression analyses further showed that agentic narcissists had a higher directed discrepancy between perceived and actual SECA: They self-enhanced their socio-emotional capacities. Implications of these results for the multifaceted theoretical understanding of the narcissism-SECA link are discussed.
KW  - narcissism
KW  - socioemotional cognition
KW  - self-perceived ability
KW  - actual ability
KW  - empathy
KW  - emotional intelligence
KW  - self-enhancement
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.174
SN  - 2474-7394
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
PB  - University of California Press
CY  - Oakland
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Börnert-Ringleb, Moritz
A1  - Westphal, Andrea
A1  - Zaruba, Nicole
A1  - Gutmann, Franziska
A1  - Vock, Miriam
T1  - The relationship between attitudes toward inclusion, beliefs about teaching and learning, and subsequent automatic evaluations amongst student teachers
JF  - Frontiers in education
N2  - Teachers' attitudes toward inclusion are frequently cited as being an important predictor of how successfully a given inclusive school system is implemented. At the same time, beliefs about the nature of teaching and learning are discussed as a possible predictor of attitudes toward inclusion. However, more recent research emphasizes the need of considering implicit processes, such as automatic evaluations, when describing attitudes and beliefs. Previous evidence on the association of attitudes toward inclusion and beliefs about teaching and learning is solely based on explicit reports. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between attitudes toward inclusion, beliefs about teaching and learning, and the subsequent automatic evaluations of pre-service teachers (N = 197). The results revealed differences between pre-service teachers' explicit attitudes/beliefs and their subsequent automatic evaluations. Differences in the relationship between attitudes toward inclusion and beliefs about teaching and learning occur when teachers focus either on explicit measures or automatic evaluations. These differences might be due to different facets of the same attitude object being represented. Relying solely on either explicit measures or automatic evaluations at the exclusion of the other might lead to erroneous assumptions about the relation of attitudes toward inclusion and beliefs about teaching and learning.
KW  - inclusion
KW  - attitudes
KW  - teaching
KW  - automatic evaluation
KW  - beliefs
KW  - implicit
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.584464
SN  - 2504-284X
VL  - 5
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zoll, Felix
A1  - Diehl, Katharina
A1  - Siebert, Rosemarie
T1  - Integrating sustainability goals in innovation processes
BT  - applying a decision support tool in a dual-purpose chicken case study
JF  - Sustainability
N2  - The innovative dual-purpose chicken approach aims at contributing to the transition towards sustainable poultry production by avoiding the culling of male chickens. To successfully integrate sustainability aspects into innovation, goal congruency among actors and clearly communicating the added value within the actor network and to consumers is needed. The challenge of identifying common sustainability goals calls for decision support tools. The objectives of our research were to investigate whether the tool could assist in improving communication and marketing with respect to sustainability and optimizing the value chain organization. Three actor groups participated in the tool application, in which quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The results showed that there were manifold sustainability goals within the innovation network, but only some goals overlapped, and the perception of their implementation also diverged. While easily marketable goals such as ‘animal welfare’ were perceived as being largely implemented, economic goals were prioritized less often, and the implementation was perceived as being rather low. By visualizing congruencies and differences in the goals, the tool helped identify fields of action, such as improved information flows and prompted thinking processes. We conclude that the tool is useful for managing complex decision processes with several actors involved.
KW  - value-based sustainability assessment
KW  - stakeholder participation
KW  - niche level
KW  - culling of male chickens
KW  - mixed methods
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143761
SN  - 2071-1050
VL  - 11
IS  - 14
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vidal-Garcia, Marta
A1  - Bandara, Lashi
A1  - Keogh, J. Scott
T1  - ShapeRotator
BT  - an R tool for standardized rigid rotations of articulated three-dimensional structures with application for geometric morphometrics
JF  - Ecology and evolution
N2  - The quantification of complex morphological patterns typically involves comprehensive shape and size analyses, usually obtained by gathering morphological data from all the structures that capture the phenotypic diversity of an organism or object. Articulated structures are a critical component of overall phenotypic diversity, but data gathered from these structures are difficult to incorporate into modern analyses because of the complexities associated with jointly quantifying 3D shape in multiple structures. While there are existing methods for analyzing shape variation in articulated structures in two-dimensional (2D) space, these methods do not work in 3D, a rapidly growing area of capability and research. Here, we describe a simple geometric rigid rotation approach that removes the effect of random translation and rotation, enabling the morphological analysis of 3D articulated structures. Our method is based on Cartesian coordinates in 3D space, so it can be applied to any morphometric problem that also uses 3D coordinates (e.g., spherical harmonics). We demonstrate the method by applying it to a landmark-based dataset for analyzing shape variation using geometric morphometrics. We have developed an R tool (ShapeRotator) so that the method can be easily implemented in the commonly used R package geomorph and MorphoJ software. This method will be a valuable tool for 3D morphological analyses in articulated structures by allowing an exhaustive examination of shape and size diversity.
KW  - articulation
KW  - morphology
KW  - motion correction
KW  - multi-modular morphology
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4018
SN  - 2045-7758
VL  - 8
IS  - 9
SP  - 4669
EP  - 4675
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hudson, Paul
A1  - Hagedoorn, Liselotte
A1  - Bubeck, Philip
T1  - Potential linkages between social capital, flood risk perceptions, and self-efficacy
JF  - International journal of disaster risk science
N2  - A growing focus is being placed on both individuals and communities to adapt to flooding as part of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. Adaptation to flooding requires sufficient social capital (linkages between members of society), risk perceptions (understanding of risk), and self-efficacy (self-perceived ability to limit disaster impacts) to be effective. However, there is limited understanding of how social capital, risk perceptions, and self-efficacy interact. We seek to explore how social capital interacts with variables known to increase the likelihood of successful adaptation. To study these linkages we analyze survey data of 1010 respondents across two communities in Thua Tien-Hue Province in central Vietnam, using ordered probit models. We find positive correlations between social capital, risk perceptions, and self-efficacy overall. This is a partly contrary finding to what was found in previous studies linking these concepts in Europe, which may be a result from the difference in risk context. The absence of an overall negative exchange between these factors has positive implications for proactive flood risk adaptation.
KW  - flood risk
KW  - protection motivation theory
KW  - risk perceptions
KW  - social
KW  - capital
KW  - self-efficacy
KW  - Vietnam
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-020-00259-w
SN  - 2095-0055
SN  - 2192-6395
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
SP  - 251
EP  - 262
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kolyvushko, Oleksandr
A1  - Latzke, Juliane
A1  - Dahmani, Ismail
A1  - Osterrieder, Nikolaus
A1  - Chiantia, Salvatore
A1  - Azab, Walid
T1  - Differentially-charged liposomes interact with alphaherpesviruses and interfere with virus entry
JF  - Pathogens
N2  - Exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane is induced by infection with several members of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. There is evidence that PS is used by the equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) during entry, but the exact role of PS and other phospholipids in the entry process remains unknown. Here, we investigated the interaction of differently charged phospholipids with virus particles and determined their influence on infection. Our data show that liposomes containing negatively charged PS or positively charged DOTAP (N-[1-(2,3-Dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium) inhibited EHV-1 infection, while neutral phosphatidylcholine (PC) had no effect. Inhibition of infection with PS was transient, decreased with time, and was dose dependent. Our findings indicate that both cationic and anionic phospholipids can interact with the virus and reduce infectivity, while, presumably, acting through different mechanisms. Charged phospholipids were found to have antiviral effects and may be used to inhibit EHV-1 infection.
KW  - alphaherpesvirus
KW  - EHV-1
KW  - phosphatidylserine
KW  - inhibition
KW  - pathogen host
KW  - interaction
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050359
SN  - 2076-0817
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fliesser, Michael
A1  - De Witt Huberts, Jessie
A1  - Wippert, Pia-Maria
T1  - The choice that matters: the relative influence of socioeconomic status indicators on chronic back pain- a longitudinal study
JF  - BMC health services research
N2  - Background: In health research, indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) are often used interchangeably and often lack theoretical foundation. This makes it difficult to compare results from different studies and to explore the relationship between SES and health outcomes. To aid researchers in choosing appropriate indicators of SES, this article proposes and tests a theory-based selection of SES indicators using chronic back pain as a health outcome. Results: Chronic back pain intensity was best predicted by the multidimensional index (beta = 0.31, p < 0.05), followed by job position (beta = 0.29, p < 0.05) and education (beta = -0.29, p < 0.05); whereas, income exerted no significant influence. Back pain disability was predicted strongest by education (beta = -0.30, p < 0.05) and job position (beta = 0. 29, p < 0.05). Here, multidimensional index and income had no significant influence. Conclusions: The choice of SES indicators influences predictive power on both back pain dimensions, suggesting SES predictors cannot be used interchangeably. Therefore, researchers should carefully consider prior to each study which SES indicator to use. The introduced framework can be valuable in supporting this decision because it allows for a stable prediction of SES indicator influence and their hierarchy on a specific health outcomes.
KW  - socioeconomic status
KW  - Indicators of socioeconomic status
KW  - health inequality
KW  - education
KW  - job position
KW  - income
KW  - chronic back pain
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2735-9
SN  - 1472-6963
VL  - 17
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Starzonek, Janine
A1  - Roscher, Katja
A1  - Blither, Matthias
A1  - Blaue, Dominique
A1  - Schedlbauer, Carola
A1  - Hire, Manuela
A1  - Raila, Jens
A1  - Vervuert, Ingrid
T1  - Effects of a blend of green tea and curcuma extract supplementation on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in horses and ponies
JF  - PeerJ
N2  - Background. In horses and ponies numerous medical conditions are known to be linked with inflammation in different tissues, especially in the liver. Besides affecting other metabolic pathways such as the expression of certain interleukins (IL), inflammation is associated with stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In particular, ER stress leads to adaptive stress response and can be measured by several markers of inflammatory and stress signalling pathways, like nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). Objectives. To investigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory reactions and their modulation in horses and ponies by feeding a polyphenol-rich supplement consisting of green tea and curcuma. Methods. In a cross-over study, 11 animals were allocated to either a placebo or a supplement group and supplemented with 10 g of a blend of green tea and curcuma extract (GCE) or a placebo (calcium carbonate) once daily. After 21 days of supplementation, all animals underwent a LPS challenge to induce moderate systemic inflammation. Blood samples and liver biopsies were taken at standardized time points: 24 hours before and 12 hours after LPS challenge. Inflammatory blood parameters such as serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) were measured in serum. Hepatic mRNA levels of selected markers of inflammation such as haptoglobin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1 beta, IL-6, cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), NF-kappa B, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) were quantified by RT-qPCR. In addition, liver biopsies were examined histologically for inflammatory alterations. Results. Blood markers of acute inflammatory response increased after LPS challenge. In the liver, the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta showed significantly lower mRNA levels after LPS challenge in the supplemented group (P = 0.04) compared to the placebo group. Levels of the hepatic CD68 mRNA increased significantly in the placebo group (P = 0.04). There were no significant differences between supplemented and placebo groups concerning other markers of inflammation and markers of ER stress within the liver. The number of hepatic macrophages were not different after LPS challenge in both feeding groups. Conclusion. LPS was able to induce inflammation but seemed less suitable to induce ER stress in the horses and ponies. The polyphenol-rich supplement showed some potential to reduce inflammatory responses. Nevertheless, the supplementation did not exert an overall anti-inflammatory effect in horses and ponies.
KW  - Curcumin
KW  - Catechin
KW  - Equines
KW  - ER-stress
KW  - Polyphenols
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8053
SN  - 2167-8359
VL  - 7
PB  - PeerJ Inc.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tutu, Anthony Osei
A1  - Steinberger, Bernhard
A1  - Sobolev, Stephan Vladimir
A1  - Rogozhina, Irina
A1  - Popov, Anton A.
T1  - Effects of upper mantle heterogeneities on the lithospheric stress field and dynamic topography
JF  - Solid earth
N2  - The orientation and tectonic regime of the observed crustal/lithospheric stress field contribute to our knowledge of different deformation processes occurring within the Earth's crust and lithosphere. In this study, we analyze the influence of the thermal and density structure of the upper mantle on the lithospheric stress field and topography. We use a 3-D lithosphere–asthenosphere numerical model with power-law rheology, coupled to a spectral mantle flow code at 300 km depth. Our results are validated against the World Stress Map 2016 (WSM2016) and the observation-based residual topography. We derive the upper mantle thermal structure from either a heat flow model combined with a seafloor age model (TM1) or a global S-wave velocity model (TM2). We show that lateral density heterogeneities in the upper 300 km have a limited influence on the modeled horizontal stress field as opposed to the resulting dynamic topography that appears more sensitive to such heterogeneities. The modeled stress field directions, using only the mantle heterogeneities below 300 km, are not perturbed much when the effects of lithosphere and crust above 300 km are added. In contrast, modeled stress magnitudes and dynamic topography are to a greater extent controlled by the upper mantle density structure. After correction for the chemical depletion of continents, the TM2 model leads to a much better fit with the observed residual topography giving a good correlation of 0.51 in continents, but this correction leads to no significant improvement of the fit between the WSM2016 and the resulting lithosphere stresses. In continental regions with abundant heat flow data, TM1 results in relatively small angular misfits. For example, in western Europe the misfit between the modeled and observation-based stress is 18.3°. Our findings emphasize that the relative contributions coming from shallow and deep mantle dynamic forces are quite different for the lithospheric stress field and dynamic topography.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-649-2018
SN  - 1869-9510
SN  - 1869-9529
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
SP  - 649
EP  - 668
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aloni, Sapir Shekef
A1  - Perovic, Milena
A1  - Weitman, Michal
A1  - Cohen, Reut
A1  - Oschatz, Martin
A1  - Mastai, Yitzhak
T1  - Amino acid-based ionic liquids as precursors for the synthesis of chiral nanoporous carbons
JF  - Nanoscale Advances
N2  - The synthesis of chiral nanoporous carbons based on chiral ionic liquids (CILs) of amino acids as precursors is described. Such unique precursors for the carbonization of CILs yield chiral carbonaceous materials with high surface area (approximate to 620 m(2) g(-1)). The enantioselectivities of the porous carbons are examined by advanced techniques such as selective adsorption of enantiomers using cyclic voltammetry, isothermal titration calorimetry, and mass spectrometry. These techniques demonstrate the chiral nature and high enantioselectivity of the chiral carbon materials. Overall, we believe that the novel approach presented here can contribute significantly to the development of new chiral carbon materials that will find important applications in chiral chemistry, such as in chiral catalysis and separation and in chiral sensors. From a scientific point of view, the approach and results reported here can significantly deepen our understanding of chirality at the nanoscale and of the structure and nature of chiral nonporous materials and surfaces.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/c9na00520j
SN  - 2516-0230
VL  - 1
IS  - 12
SP  - 4981
EP  - 4988
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mendel, Ralf R.
A1  - Hercher, Thomas W.
A1  - Zupok, Arkadiusz
A1  - Hasnat, Muhammad Abrar
A1  - Leimkühler, Silke
T1  - The requirement of inorganic Fe-S clusters for the biosynthesis of the organometallic molybdenum cofactor
JF  - Inorganics : open access journal
N2  - Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are essential protein cofactors. In enzymes, they are present either in the rhombic [2Fe-2S] or the cubic [4Fe-4S] form, where they are involved in catalysis and electron transfer and in the biosynthesis of metal-containing prosthetic groups like the molybdenum cofactor (Moco). Here, we give an overview of the assembly of Fe-S clusters in bacteria and humans and present their connection to the Moco biosynthesis pathway. In all organisms, Fe-S cluster assembly starts with the abstraction of sulfur froml-cysteine and its transfer to a scaffold protein. After formation, Fe-S clusters are transferred to carrier proteins that insert them into recipient apo-proteins. In eukaryotes like humans and plants, Fe-S cluster assembly takes place both in mitochondria and in the cytosol. Both Moco biosynthesis and Fe-S cluster assembly are highly conserved among all kingdoms of life. Moco is a tricyclic pterin compound with molybdenum coordinated through its unique dithiolene group. Moco biosynthesis begins in the mitochondria in a Fe-S cluster dependent step involving radical/S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) chemistry. An intermediate is transferred to the cytosol where the dithiolene group is formed, to which molybdenum is finally added. Further connections between Fe-S cluster assembly and Moco biosynthesis are discussed in detail.
KW  - Moco biosynthesis
KW  - Fe-S cluster assembly
KW  - l-cysteine desulfurase
KW  - ISC
KW  - SUF
KW  - NIF
KW  - iron
KW  - molybdenum
KW  - sulfur
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics8070043
SN  - 2304-6740
VL  - 8
IS  - 7
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Levy, Jessica
A1  - Mussack, Dominic
A1  - Brunner, Martin
A1  - Keller, Ulrich
A1  - Cardoso-Leite, Pedro
A1  - Fischbach, Antoine
T1  - Contrasting classical and machine learning approaches in the estimation of value-added scores in large-scale educational data
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - There is no consensus on which statistical model estimates school value-added (VA) most accurately. To date, the two most common statistical models used for the calculation of VA scores are two classical methods: linear regression and multilevel models. These models have the advantage of being relatively transparent and thus understandable for most researchers and practitioners. However, these statistical models are bound to certain assumptions (e.g., linearity) that might limit their prediction accuracy. Machine learning methods, which have yielded spectacular results in numerous fields, may be a valuable alternative to these classical models. Although big data is not new in general, it is relatively new in the realm of social sciences and education. New types of data require new data analytical approaches. Such techniques have already evolved in fields with a long tradition in crunching big data (e.g., gene technology). The objective of the present paper is to competently apply these "imported" techniques to education data, more precisely VA scores, and assess when and how they can extend or replace the classical psychometrics toolbox. The different models include linear and non-linear methods and extend classical models with the most commonly used machine learning methods (i.e., random forest, neural networks, support vector machines, and boosting). We used representative data of 3,026 students in 153 schools who took part in the standardized achievement tests of the Luxembourg School Monitoring Program in grades 1 and 3. Multilevel models outperformed classical linear and polynomial regressions, as well as different machine learning models. However, it could be observed that across all schools, school VA scores from different model types correlated highly. Yet, the percentage of disagreements as compared to multilevel models was not trivial and real-life implications for individual schools may still be dramatic depending on the model type used. Implications of these results and possible ethical concerns regarding the use of machine learning methods for decision-making in education are discussed.
KW  - value-added modeling
KW  - school effectiveness
KW  - machine learning
KW  - model
KW  - comparison
KW  - longitudinal data
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02190
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 11
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cavael, Ulrike
A1  - Diehl, Katharina
A1  - Lentzsch, Peter
T1  - Assessment of growth suppression in apple production with replant soils
JF  - Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management
N2  - Apple replant disease (ARD) is a specific apple-related form of soil fertility loss due to unidentified causes and is also known as soil fatigue. The effect typically appears in monoculture production sites and leads to production decreases of up to 50%, even though the cultivation practice remains the same. However, an indication of replant disease is challenged by the lack of specification of the particular microbial group responsible for ARD. The objective of this study was to establish an algorithm for estimating growth suppression in orchards irrespective of the unknowns in the complex causal relationship by assessing plant-soil interaction in the orchard several years after planting. Based on a comparison between no-replant and replant soils, the Alternaria group (Ag) was identified as a soil-fungal population responding to replant with abundance. The trunk cross-sectional area (CSA) was found to be a practical and robust parameter representing below-ground and above-ground tree performance. Suppression of tree vigour was therefore calculated by dividing the two inversely related parameters, Q = ln(Ag)/CSA, as a function of soil-fungal proportions and plant responses at the single-tree level. On this basis, five clusters of tree vigour suppression (Q) were defined: (1) no tree vigour suppression/vital (0%), (2) escalating (- 38%), (3) strong (- 53%), (4) very strong (- 62%), and (5) critical (- 74%). By calculating Q at the level of the single tree, trees were clustered according to tree vigour suppression. The weighted frequency of clusters in the field allowed replant impact to be quantified at field level. Applied to a case study on sandy brown, dry diluvial soils in Brandenburg, Germany, the calculated tree vigour suppression was 46% compared to the potential tree vigour on no-replant soil in the same field. It is highly likely that the calculated growth suppression corresponds to ARD-impact This result is relevant for identifying functional changes in soil and for monitoring the economic effects of soil fatigue in apple orchards, particularly where long-period crop rotation or plot exchange are improbable.
KW  - orchard management
KW  - trunk cross-sectional area
KW  - alternaria group
KW  - apple
KW  - production
KW  - soil fatigue
KW  - apple replant disease
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105846
SN  - 1470-160X
SN  - 1872-7034
VL  - 109
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kobs, Scarlett
A1  - Ehlert, Antje
A1  - Lenkeit, Jenny
A1  - Hartmann, Anne Therese
A1  - Sporer, Nadine
A1  - Knigge, Michel
T1  - The influence of individual and situational factors on teachers' justice ratings of classroom interactions
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Teachers, as role models, are crucial in promoting inclusion in society through their actions. Being perceived as fair by their students is linked to students' feelings of belonging in school. In addition, their decisions of resource allocations also affect students' academic success. Both aspects underpin the importance of teachers' views on justice. This article aims to investigate what teachers consider to be just and how teacher characteristics and situational factors affect justice ratings of hypothetical student-teacher-interactions. In an experimental design, we randomly varied the description of the interacting student in text vignettes regarding his/her special educational need (SEN) (situational factor). We also collected data on teachers' attitudes toward inclusion and experiences with persons with disabilities (individual factors). A sample of in-service teachers in Germany (N = 2,254) rated randomized versions of two text vignettes. To also consider the effect of professional status, a sample of pre-service teachers (N = 275) did the same. Linear mixed effect models point to a negative effect of the SEN on justice ratings, meaning situations in which the interacting student is described with a SEN were rated less just compared to the control condition. As the interacting student in the situations was treated worse than the rest, this was indicative for the application of the need principle. Teachers with more positive attitudes toward inclusion rated the vignettes as significantly less just. Professional status also had a negative effect on justice ratings, with in-service teachers rating the interactions significantly lower than the pre-service teachers. Our results suggest that the teachers applied the principle of need in their ratings. Implications for inclusive teaching practices and future research are discussed further.
KW  - classroom interactions
KW  - justice
KW  - special educational need
KW  - ratings
KW  - inclusion
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.789110
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fritsch, Daniel
T1  - Revisiting the Cu-Zn disorder in kesterite type Cu2ZnSnSe4 employing a novel approach to hybrid functional calculations
JF  - Applied Sciences : open access journal
N2  - In recent years, the search for more efficient and environmentally friendly materials to be employed in the next generation of thin film solar cell devices has seen a shift towards hybrid halide perovskites and chalcogenide materials crystallising in the kesterite crystal structure. Prime examples for the latter are Cu2ZnSnS4, Cu2ZnSnSe4, and their solid solution Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1-x)(4), where actual devices already demonstrated power conversion efficiencies of about 13 %. However, in their naturally occurring kesterite crystal structure, the so-called Cu-Zn disorder plays an important role and impacts the structural, electronic, and optical properties. To understand the influence of Cu-Zn disorder, we perform first-principles calculations based on density functional theory combined with special quasirandom structures to accurately model the cation disorder. Since the electronic band gaps and derived optical properties are severely underestimated by (semi)local exchange and correlation functionals, supplementary hybrid functional calculations have been performed. Concerning the latter, we additionally employ a recently devised technique to speed up structural relaxations for hybrid functional calculations. Our calculations show that the Cu-Zn disorder leads to a slight increase in the unit cell volume compared to the conventional kesterite structure showing full cation order, and that the band gap gets reduced by about 0.2 eV, which is in very good agreement with earlier experimental and theoretical findings. Our detailed results on structural, electronic, and optical properties will be discussed with respect to available experimental data, and will provide further insights into the atomistic origin of the disorder-induced band gap lowering in these promising kesterite type materials.
KW  - Cu2ZnSnSe4
KW  - CZTSe
KW  - chalcogenide
KW  - kesterite
KW  - Cu-Zn disorder
KW  - density
KW  - functional theory
KW  - hybrid functional
KW  - special quasirandom structure
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/app12052576
SN  - 2076-3417
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pilar Yeste, Maria
A1  - Carlos Hernandez-Garrido, Juan
A1  - Kumke, Michael Uwe
A1  - Alvarado, Sarah
A1  - Cauqui, Miguel Angel
A1  - Juan Calvino, Jose
A1  - Primus, Philipp-Alexander
T1  - Low-temperature growth of reactive pyrochlore nanostructures on Zirconia-supported ceria
BT  - implications for improved catalytic behavior
JF  - ACS applied nano materials
N2  - The use of a catalyst support for the design of nanoscale heterogeneous catalysts based on cerium oxide offers vast possibilities for future catalyst development, particularly with regard to an increased focus on the use of renewable biogas and an emerging hydrogen economy. In this study, zirconia-supported ceria catalysts were synthesized, activated by using different thermochemical treatments, and characterized by way of temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), oxygen storage capacity, Xray diffraction, electron microscopy, and luminescence spectroscopy using Eu3+ as a spectroscopic probe. Through reduction-oxidation pretreatment routines, reactive pyrochlore structures were created at temperatures as low as 600 degrees C and identified through TPR and electron microscopy experiments. A structural relationship and alignment of the crystal planes is revealed in high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy experiments through the digital diffraction patterns. Low-temperature pretreatment induces the formation of reactive pyrochlore domains under retention of the surface area of the catalyst system, and no further morphological changes are detected. Furthermore, the formation of pyrochlore domains achieved through severe reduction and mild reoxidation (SRMO) treatments is reversible. Over multiple alternating SRMO and severe reduction and severe reoxidation (SRSO) treatments, europium spectroscopy and TPR results indicate that pyrochlore structures are recreated over consecutive treatments, whenever the mild oxidation step at 500 degrees C is the last treatment (SRMO, SRMO-SRSO-SRMO, etc.).
KW  - pyrochlore
KW  - nanocomposite
KW  - ceria
KW  - zirconia
KW  - supported catalyst
KW  - oxygen
KW  - storage capacity
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.2c00416
SN  - 2574-0970
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
SP  - 6316
EP  - 6326
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pitzen, Valentin
A1  - Askarzada, Sophie
A1  - Gräf, Ralph
A1  - Meyer, Irene
T1  - CDK5RAP2 Is an Essential Scaffolding Protein of the Corona of the Dictyostelium Centrosome
JF  - Cells
N2  - Dictyostelium centrosomes consist of a nucleus-associated cylindrical, three-layered core structure surrounded by a corona consisting of microtubule-nucleation complexes embedded in a scaffold of large coiled-coil proteins. One of them is the conserved CDK5RAP2 protein. Here we focus on the role of Dictyostelium CDK5RAP2 for maintenance of centrosome integrity, its interaction partners and its dynamic behavior during interphase and mitosis. GFP-CDK5RAP2 is present at the centrosome during the entire cell cycle except from a short period during prophase, correlating with the normal dissociation of the corona at this stage. RNAi depletion of CDK5RAP2 results in complete disorganization of centrosomes and microtubules suggesting that CDK5RAP2 is required for organization of the corona and its association to the core structure. This is in line with the observation that overexpressed GFP-CDK5RAP2 elicited supernumerary cytosolic MTOCs. The phenotype of CDK5RAP2 depletion was very reminiscent of that observed upon depletion of CP148, another scaffolding protein of the corona. BioID interaction assays revealed an interaction of CDK5RAP2 not only with the corona markers CP148, gamma-tubulin, and CP248, but also with the core components Cep192, CP75, and CP91. Furthermore, protein localization studies in both depletion strains revealed that CP148 and CDK5RAP2 cooperate in corona organization.
KW  - centrosome
KW  - centriole
KW  - Dictyostelium
KW  - microtubules
KW  - mitosis
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells7040032
SN  - 2073-4409
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Gräf, Ralph
T1  - Comparative Biology of Centrosomal Structures in Eukaryotes
T2  - Cells
N2  - The centrosome is not only the largest and most sophisticated protein complex within a eukaryotic cell, in the light of evolution, it is also one of its most ancient organelles. This special issue of "Cells" features representatives of three main, structurally divergent centrosome types, i.e., centriole-containing centrosomes, yeast spindle pole bodies (SPBs), and amoebozoan nucleus-associated bodies (NABs). Here, I discuss their evolution and their key-functions in microtubule organization, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Furthermore, I provide a brief history of centrosome research and highlight recently emerged topics, such as the role of centrioles in ciliogenesis, the relationship of centrosomes and centriolar satellites, the integration of centrosomal structures into the nuclear envelope and the involvement of centrosomal components in non-centrosomal microtubule organization.
KW  - centrosome
KW  - centriole
KW  - cilium
KW  - basal body
KW  - spindle pole body
KW  - SPB
KW  - nucleus-associated body
KW  - NAB
KW  - microtubules
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells7110202
SN  - 2073-4409
VL  - 7
IS  - 11
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gräf, Ralph
A1  - Grafe, Marianne
A1  - Meyer, Irene
A1  - Mitic, Kristina
A1  - Pitzen, Valentin
T1  - The dictyostelium centrosome
JF  - Cells : open access journal
N2  - The centrosome of Dictyostelium amoebae contains no centrioles and consists of a cylindrical layered core structure surrounded by a corona harboring microtubule-nucleating gamma-tubulin complexes. It is the major centrosomal model beyond animals and yeasts. Proteomics, protein interaction studies by BioID and superresolution microscopy methods led to considerable progress in our understanding of the composition, structure and function of this centrosome type. We discuss all currently known components of the Dictyostelium centrosome in comparison to other centrosomes of animals and yeasts.
KW  - microtubule-organizing center
KW  - microtubule-organization
KW  - centrosome
KW  - Dictyostelium
KW  - mitosis
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10102657
SN  - 2073-4409
VL  - 10
IS  - 10
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ozcelikay, Goksu
A1  - Kurbanoglu, Sevinc
A1  - Yarman, Aysu
A1  - Scheller, Frieder W.
A1  - Ozkan, Sibel A.
T1  - Au-Pt nanoparticles based molecularly imprinted nanosensor for electrochemical detection of the lipopeptide antibiotic drug Daptomycin
JF  - Sensors and actuators : B, Chemical
N2  - In this work, a novel electrochemical molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor for the detection of the lipopeptide antibiotic Daptomycin (DAP) is presented which integrates gold decorated platinum nanoparticles (Au-Pt NPs) into the nanocomposite film. The sensor was prepared by electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) in the presence of DAP using cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were applied to follow the changes in the MIP-layer related to rebinding and removal of the target DAP by using the redox marker [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-). Under optimized operational conditions, the MIP/Au-Pt NPs/ GCE nanosensor exhibits a linear response in the range of 1-20 pM towards DAP. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were determined to be 0.161pM +/- 0.012 and 0.489pM +/- 0.012, respectively. The sensitivity towards the antibiotics Vancomycin and Erythromycin and the amino acids glycine and tryptophan was below 7 percent as compared with DAP. Moreover, the nanosensor was also successfully used for the detection of DAP in deproteinated human serum samples.
KW  - molecularly imprinted polymer
KW  - Daptomycin
KW  - platinum nanoparticles
KW  - gold
KW  - nanoparticles
KW  - modified electrodes
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.128285
SN  - 0925-4005
VL  - 320
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krasotkina, Anna
A1  - Götz, Antonia
A1  - Höhle, Barbara
A1  - Schwarzer, Gudrun
T1  - Perceptual narrowing in speech and face recognition
BT  - Evidence for intra-individual cross-domain relations
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - During the first year of life, infants undergo perceptual narrowing in the domains of speech and face perception. This is typically characterized by improvements in infants' abilities in discriminating among stimuli of familiar types, such as native speech tones and same-race faces. Simultaneously, infants begin to decline in their ability to discriminate among stimuli of types with which they have little experience, such as nonnative tones and other-race faces. The similarity in time-frames during which perceptual narrowing seems to occur in the domains of speech and face perception has led some researchers to hypothesize that the perceptual narrowing in these domains could be driven by shared domain-general processes. To explore this hypothesis, we tested 53 Caucasian 9-month-old infants from monolingual German households on their ability to discriminate among non-native Cantonese speech tones, as well among same-race German faces and other-race Chinese faces. We tested the infants using an infant-controlled habituation-dishabituation paradigm, with infants' preferences for looking at novel stimuli versus the habituated stimuli (dishabituation scores) acting as indicators of discrimination ability. As expected for their age, infants were able to discriminate between same-race faces, but not between other-race faces or non-native speech tones. Most interestingly, we found that infants' dishabituation scores for the non-native speech tones and other-race faces showed significant positive correlations, while the dishabituation scores for non-native speech tones and same-race faces did not. These results therefore support the hypothesis that shared domain-general mechanisms may drive perceptual narrowing in the domains of speech and face perception.
KW  - perceptual narrowing
KW  - perceptual reorganization
KW  - other-race effect
KW  - face perception
KW  - speech perception
KW  - habituation
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01711
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schroedter, Linda
A1  - Schneider, Roland
A1  - Remus, Lisa
A1  - Venus, Joachim
T1  - L-(+)-lactic acid from reed
BT  - comparing various resources for the nutrient provision of B. coagulans
JF  - Resources
N2  - Biotechnological production of lactic acid (LA) is based on the so-called first generation feedstocks, meaning sugars derived from food and feed crops such as corn, sugarcane and cassava. The aim of this study was to exploit the potential of a second generation resource: Common reed (Phragmites australis) is a powerfully reproducing sweet grass which grows in wetlands and creates vast monocultural populations. This lignocellulose biomass bears the possibility to be refined to value-added products, without competing with agro industrial land. Besides utilizing reed as a renewable and inexpensive substrate, low-cost nutritional supplementation was analyzed for the fermentation of thermophilicBacilluscoagulans.Various nutritional sources such as baker's and brewer's yeast, lucerne green juice and tryptone were investigated for the replacement of yeast extract. The structure of the lignocellulosic material was tackled by chemical treatment (1% NaOH) and enzymatic hydrolysis (Cellic(R)CTec2).B.coagulansDSM ID 14-300 was employed for the homofermentative conversion of the released hexose and pentose sugars to polymerizable L-(+)-LA of over 99.5% optical purity. The addition of autolyzed baker's yeast led to the best results of fermentation, enabling an LA titer of 28.3 g L(-1)and a yield of 91.6%.
KW  - lignocellulose
KW  - reed
KW  - Phragmites australis
KW  - lactic acid
KW  - Bacillus
KW  - coagulans
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/resources9070089
SN  - 2079-9276
VL  - 9
IS  - 7
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Schütze, Franziska
A1  - Fürst, Steffen
A1  - Mielke, Jahel
A1  - Steudle, Gesine A.
A1  - Wolf, Sarah
A1  - Jäger, Carlo C.
T1  - The Role of Sustainable Investment in Climate Policy
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Reaching the Sustainable Development Goals requires a fundamental socio-economic transformation accompanied by substantial investment in low-carbon infrastructure. Such a sustainability transition represents a non-marginal change, driven by behavioral factors and systemic interactions. However, typical economic models used to assess a sustainability transition focus on marginal changes around a local optimum, whichby constructionlead to negative effects. Thus, these models do not allow evaluating a sustainability transition that might have substantial positive effects. This paper examines which mechanisms need to be included in a standard computable general equilibrium model to overcome these limitations and to give a more comprehensive view of the effects of climate change mitigation. Simulation results show that, given an ambitious greenhouse gas emission constraint and a price of carbon, positive economic effects are possible if (1) technical progress results (partly) endogenously from the model and (2) a policy intervention triggering an increase of investment is introduced. Additionally, if (3) the investment behavior of firms is influenced by their sales expectations, the effects are amplified. The results provide suggestions for policy-makers, because the outcome indicates that investment-oriented climate policies can lead to more desirable outcomes in economic, social and environmental terms.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 137 
KW  - climate policy
KW  - green growth
KW  - macroeconomic models
KW  - sustainable investment
KW  - technical progress
KW  - expectations
KW  - 1.5 degrees C
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-470485
SN  - 1867-5808
IS  - 137
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yarman, Aysu
A1  - Jetzschmann, Katharina J.
A1  - Neumann, Bettina
A1  - Zhang, Xiaorong
A1  - Wollenberger, Ulla
A1  - Cordin, Aude
A1  - Haupt, Karsten
A1  - Scheller, Frieder W.
T1  - Enzymes as Tools in MIP-Sensors
JF  - Chemosensors
N2  - Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have the potential to complement antibodies in bioanalysis, are more stable under harsh conditions, and are potentially cheaper to produce. However, the affinity and especially the selectivity of MIPs are in general lower than those of their biological pendants. Enzymes are useful tools for the preparation of MIPs for both low and high-molecular weight targets: As a green alternative to the well-established methods of chemical polymerization, enzyme-initiated polymerization has been introduced and the removal of protein templates by proteases has been successfully applied. Furthermore, MIPs have been coupled with enzymes in order to enhance the analytical performance of biomimetic sensors: Enzymes have been used in MIP-sensors as tracers for the generation and amplification of the measuring signal. In addition, enzymatic pretreatment of an analyte can extend the analyte spectrum and eliminate interferences.
KW  - enzymatic MIP synthesis
KW  - template digestion
KW  - enzyme tracer
KW  - enzymatic analyte conversion
KW  - molecularly imprinted polymers
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors5020011
SN  - 2227-9040
VL  - 5
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thomas, Jessica E.
A1  - Carvalho, Gary R.
A1  - Haile, James
A1  - Martin, Michael D.
A1  - Castruita, Jose A. Samaniego
A1  - Niemann, Jonas
A1  - Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.
A1  - Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela
A1  - Rawlence, Nicolas J.
A1  - Fuller, Errol
A1  - Fjeldsa, Jon
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
A1  - Stewart, John R.
A1  - Gilbert, M. Thomas P.
A1  - Knapp, Michael
T1  - An ‛Aukward’ tale
BT  - a genetic approach to discover the whereabouts of the  Last Great Auks
JF  - Genes
N2  - One hundred and seventy-three years ago, the last two Great Auks, Pinguinus impennis, ever reliably seen were killed. Their internal organs can be found in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, but the location of their skins has remained a mystery. In 1999, Great Auk expert Errol Fuller proposed a list of five potential candidate skins in museums around the world. Here we take a palaeogenomic approach to test which—if any—of Fuller’s candidate skins likely belong to either of the two birds. Using mitochondrial genomes from the five candidate birds (housed in museums in Bremen, Brussels, Kiel, Los Angeles, and Oldenburg) and the organs of the last two known individuals, we partially solve the mystery that has been on Great Auk scholars’ minds for generations and make new suggestions as to the whereabouts of the still-missing skin from these two birds.
KW  - ancient DNA
KW  - extinct birds
KW  - mitochondrial genome
KW  - museum specimens
KW  - palaeogenomics
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/genes8060164
SN  - 2073-4425
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
SP  - 164
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gisder, Sebastian
A1  - Schüler, Vivian
A1  - Horchler, Lennart L.
A1  - Groth, Detlef
A1  - Genersch, Elke
T1  - Long-Term Temporal Trends of Nosema spp. Infection Prevalence in Northeast Germany
BT  - Continuous Spread of Nosema ceranae, an Emerging Pathogen of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera), but No General Replacement of Nosema apis
JF  - Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
N2  - The Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is widely used as commercial pollinator in worldwide agriculture and, therefore, plays an important role in global food security. Among the parasites and pathogens threatening health and survival of honey bees are two species of microsporidia, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Nosema ceranae is considered an emerging pathogen of the Western honey bee. Reports on the spread of N. ceranae suggested that this presumably highly virulent species is replacing its more benign congener N. apis in the global A. mellifera population. We here present a 12 year longitudinal cohort study on the prevalence of N. apis and N. ceranae in Northeast Germany. Between 2005 and 2016, a cohort of about 230 honey bee colonies originating from 23 apiaries was sampled twice a year (spring and autumn) resulting in a total of 5,600 bee samples which were subjected to microscopic and molecular analysis for determining the presence of infections with N. apis or/and N. ceranae. Throughout the entire study period, both N. apis- and N. ceranae-infections could be diagnosed within the cohort. Logistic regression analysis of the prevalence data demonstrated a significant increase of N. ceranae-infections over the last 12 years, both in autumn (reflecting the development during the summer) and in spring (reflecting the development over winter) samples. Cell culture experiments confirmed that N. ceranae has a higher proliferative potential than N. apis at 27. and 33 degrees C potentially explaining the increase in N. ceranae prevalence during summer. In autumn, characterized by generally low infection prevalence, this increase was accompanied by a significant decrease in N. apis- infection prevalence. In contrast, in spring, the season with a higher prevalence of infection, no significant decrease of N. apis infections despite a significant increase in N. ceranae infections could be observed. Therefore, our data do not support a general advantage of N. ceranae over N. apis and an overall replacement of N. apis by N. ceranae in the studied honey bee population.
KW  - honey bee
KW  - Apis mellifera
KW  - Nosema spp.
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - replacement
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00301
SN  - 2235-2988
VL  - 7
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krupkova, Olga
A1  - Zvick, Johannes
A1  - Würtz-Kozak, Karin
T1  - The role of transient receptor potential channels in joint diseases
JF  - European cells & materials
N2  - Transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels) are cation selective transmembrane receptors with diverse structures, activation mechanisms and physiological functions. TRP channels act as cellular sensors for a plethora of stimuli, including temperature, membrane voltage, oxidative stress, mechanical stimuli, pH and endogenous as well as exogenous ligands, thereby illustrating their versatility. As such, TRP channels regulate various functions in both excitable and non-excitable cells, mainly by mediating Ca2+ homeostasis. Dysregulation of TRP channels is implicated in many pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, muscular dystrophies and hyperalgesia. However, the importance of TRP channel expression, physiological function and regulation in chondrocytes and intervertebral disc (IVD) cells is largely unexplored. Osteoarthritis (OA) and degenerative disc disease (DDD) are chronic age-related disorders that significantly affect the quality of life by causing pain, activity limitation and disability. Furthermore, currently available therapies cannot effectively slow-down or stop progression of these diseases. Both OA and DDD are characterised by reduced tissue cellularity, enhanced inflammatory responses and molecular, structural and mechanical alterations of the extracellular matrix, hence affecting load distribution and reducing joint flexibility. However, knowledge on how chondrocytes and IVD cells sense their microenvironment and respond to its changes is still limited. In this review, we introduced six families of mammalian TRP channels, their mechanisms of activation as well as activation-driven cellular consequences. We summarised the current knowledge on TRP channel expression and activity in chondrocytes and IVD cells and the significance of TRP channels as therapeutic targets for the treatment of OA and DDD.
KW  - Transient receptor potential channels
KW  - degenerative disc disease
KW  - osteoarthritis
KW  - nociception
KW  - mechanosensing
KW  - osmosensing
KW  - inflammation
KW  - calcium
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.22203/eCM.v034a12
SN  - 1473-2262
VL  - 34
SP  - 180
EP  - 201
PB  - Univ. of Wales
CY  - Aberystwyth
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wolf, Thomas J. A.
A1  - Holzmeier, Fabian
A1  - Wagner, Isabella
A1  - Berrah, Nora
A1  - Bostedt, Christoph
A1  - Bozek, John
A1  - Bucksbaum, Phil
A1  - Coffee, Ryan
A1  - Cryan, James
A1  - Farrell, Joe
A1  - Feifel, Raimund
A1  - Martinez, Todd J.
A1  - McFarland, Brian
A1  - Mucke, Melanie
A1  - Nandi, Saikat
A1  - Tarantelli, Francesco
A1  - Fischer, Ingo
A1  - Gühr, Markus
T1  - Observing Femtosecond Fragmentation Using Ultrafast X-ray-Induced Auger Spectra
JF  - Applied sciences
N2  - Molecules often fragment after photoionization in the gas phase. Usually, this process can only be investigated spectroscopically as long as there exists electron correlation between the photofragments. Important parameters, like their kinetic energy after separation, cannot be investigated. We are reporting on a femtosecond time-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy study concerning the photofragmentation dynamics of thymine. We observe the appearance of clearly distinguishable signatures from thymines neutral photofragment isocyanic acid. Furthermore, we observe a time-dependent shift of its spectrum, which we can attribute to the influence of the charged fragment on the Auger electron. This allows us to map our time-dependent dataset onto the fragmentation coordinate. The time dependence of the shift supports efficient transformation of the excess energy gained from photoionization into kinetic energy of the fragments. Our method is broadly applicable to the investigation of photofragmentation processes.
KW  - ultrafast dynamics
KW  - Auger electron spectroscopy
KW  - photofragmentation
KW  - photochemistry
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/app7070681
SN  - 2076-3417
VL  - 7
IS  - 7
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tötzke, Christian
A1  - Cermak, Jan
A1  - Nadezhdina, Nadezhda
A1  - Tributsch, Helmut
T1  - Electrochemical in-situ studies of solar mediated oxygen transport and turnover dynamics in a tree trunk of Tilia cordata
JF  - iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry
N2  - Platinum electrodes were implanted into the xylem of a lime tree (Tilia cordata) stem and solar- induced electrochemical potential differences of up to 120 mV were measured during the vegetative period and up to 30 mV in winter. The time dependent curves were found to be delayed with respect to solar radiation, sap flow activity, temperature and vapor pressure deficit. A general equation for the potential difference was derived and simplified by analyzing the effect of temperature and tensile strength. The potential determining influence of oxygen concentration on the respective location of the platinum electrode was identified as the principal phenomenon measured. A systematic analysis and investigation of the observed periodic oxygen concentration signals promises new information on sap flow, oxygen diffusion through tree tissues and on oxygen consumption related to the energy turnover in tree tissues.
KW  - Tree Stems
KW  - Oxygen Transport
KW  - Xylem
KW  - Sap Flow
KW  - Tree Metabolism
KW  - Electrical Potential
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1681-010
SN  - 1971-7458
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
SP  - 355
EP  - 361
PB  - SISEF - The Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology
CY  - Potenza
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - van Velzen, Ellen
A1  - Gaedke, Ursula
T1  - Reversed predator-prey cycles are driven by the amplitude of prey oscillations
JF  - Ecology and evolution
N2  - Ecoevolutionary feedbacks in predator-prey systems have been shown to qualitatively alter predator-prey dynamics. As a striking example, defense-offense coevolution can reverse predator-prey cycles, so predator peaks precede prey peaks rather than vice versa. However, this has only rarely been shown in either model studies or empirical systems. Here, we investigate whether this rarity is a fundamental feature of reversed cycles by exploring under which conditions they should be found. For this, we first identify potential conditions and parameter ranges most likely to result in reversed cycles by developing a new measure, the effective prey biomass, which combines prey biomass with prey and predator traits, and represents the prey biomass as perceived by the predator. We show that predator dynamics always follow the dynamics of the effective prey biomass with a classic 1/4-phase lag. From this key insight, it follows that in reversed cycles (i.e., -lag), the dynamics of the actual and the effective prey biomass must be in antiphase with each other, that is, the effective prey biomass must be highest when actual prey biomass is lowest, and vice versa. Based on this, we predict that reversed cycles should be found mainly when oscillations in actual prey biomass are small and thus have limited impact on the dynamics of the effective prey biomass, which are mainly driven by trait changes. We then confirm this prediction using numerical simulations of a coevolutionary predator-prey system, varying the amplitude of the oscillations in prey biomass: Reversed cycles are consistently associated with regions of parameter space leading to small-amplitude prey oscillations, offering a specific and highly testable prediction for conditions under which reversed cycles should occur in natural systems.
KW  - coevolution
KW  - ecoevolutionary dynamics
KW  - predator-prey dynamics
KW  - top-down control
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4184
SN  - 2045-7758
VL  - 8
IS  - 12
SP  - 6317
EP  - 6329
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schönemann, Eric
A1  - Laschewsky, Andre
A1  - Rosenhahn, Axel
T1  - Exploring the long-term hydrolytic behavior of zwitterionic polymethacrylates and polymethacrylamides
JF  - Polymers
N2  - The hydrolytic stability of polymers to be used for coatings in aqueous environments, for example, to confer anti-fouling properties, is crucial. However, long-term exposure studies on such polymers are virtually missing. In this context, we synthesized a set of nine polymers that are typically used for low-fouling coatings, comprising the well-established poly(oligoethylene glycol methylether methacrylate), poly(3-(N-2-methacryloylethyl-N,N-dimethyl) ammoniopropanesulfonate) (sulfobetaine methacrylate), and poly(3-(N-3-methacryamidopropyl-N,N-dimethyl)ammoniopropanesulfonate) (sulfobetaine methacrylamide) as well as a series of hitherto rarely studied polysulfabetaines, which had been suggested to be particularly hydrolysis-stable. Hydrolysis resistance upon extended storage in aqueous solution is followed by H-1 NMR at ambient temperature in various pH regimes. Whereas the monomers suffered slow (in PBS) to very fast hydrolysis (in 1 M NaOH), the polymers, including the polymethacrylates, proved to be highly stable. No degradation of the carboxyl ester or amide was observed after one year in PBS, 1 M HCl, or in sodium carbonate buffer of pH 10. This demonstrates their basic suitability for anti-fouling applications. Poly(sulfobetaine methacrylamide) proved even to be stable for one year in 1 M NaOH without any signs of degradation. The stability is ascribed to a steric shielding effect. The hemisulfate group in the polysulfabetaines, however, was found to be partially labile.
KW  - polyzwitterions
KW  - stability
KW  - polymer degradation
KW  - hydrolysis
KW  - polysulfobetaine
KW  - polysulfabetaine
KW  - anti-fouling materials
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10060639
SN  - 2073-4360
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ehrlich, Elias
A1  - Gaedke, Ursula
T1  - Not attackable or not crackable
BT  - How pre- and post-attack defenses with different competition costs affect prey coexistence and population dynamics
JF  - Ecology and evolution
N2  - It is well-known that prey species often face trade-offs between defense against predation and competitiveness, enabling predator-mediated coexistence. However, we lack an understanding of how the large variety of different defense traits with different competition costs affects coexistence and population dynamics. Our study focusses on two general defense mechanisms, that is, pre-attack (e.g., camouflage) and post-attack defenses (e.g., weaponry) that act at different phases of the predator—prey interaction. We consider a food web model with one predator, two prey types and one resource. One prey type is undefended, while the other one is pre- or post-attack defended paying costs either by a higher half-saturation constant for resource uptake or a lower maximum growth rate. We show that post-attack defenses promote prey coexistence and stabilize the population dynamics more strongly than pre-attack defenses by interfering with the predator's functional response: Because the predator spends time handling “noncrackable” prey, the undefended prey is indirectly facilitated. A high half-saturation constant as defense costs promotes coexistence more and stabilizes the dynamics less than a low maximum growth rate. The former imposes high costs at low resource concentrations but allows for temporally high growth rates at predator-induced resource peaks preventing the extinction of the defended prey. We evaluate the effects of the different defense mechanisms and costs on coexistence under different enrichment levels in order to vary the importance of bottom-up and top-down control of the prey community.
KW  - coexistence
KW  - competition-defense trade-off
KW  - defense against predation
KW  - functional response
KW  - indirect facilitation
KW  - predator-prey cycles
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4145
SN  - 2045-7758
VL  - 8
IS  - 13
SP  - 6625
EP  - 6637
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Poltrock, Silvana
A1  - Chen, Hui
A1  - Kwok, Celia
A1  - Cheung, Hintat
A1  - Nazzi, Thierry
T1  - Adult learning of novel words in a non-native language
BT  - Consonants, Vowels, and Tones
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
KW  - word learning
KW  - minimal pairs
KW  - non-native speech perception
KW  - tones
KW  - adults
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01211
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Kewenig, Viktor
A1  - Zhou, Yuefang
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Commentary: Robots as intentional agents
BT  - Using neuroscientific methods to make robots appear more social
T2  - Frontiers in psychology
KW  - intentionality
KW  - social robots
KW  - verbal reports
KW  - humanoid
KW  - turing test
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01131
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Georgiev, Vasil N.
A1  - Grafmüller, Andrea
A1  - Bléger, David
A1  - Hecht, Stefan
A1  - Kunstmann, Sonja
A1  - Barbirz, Stefanie
A1  - Lipowsky, Reinhard
A1  - Dimova, Rumiana
T1  - Area increase and budding in giant vesicles triggered by light
BT  - behind the scene
JF  - Advanced science
N2  - Biomembranes are constantly remodeled and in cells, these processes are controlled and modulated by an assortment of membrane proteins. Here, it is shown that such remodeling can also be induced by photoresponsive molecules. The morphological control of giant vesicles in the presence of a water-soluble ortho-tetrafluoroazobenzene photoswitch (F-azo) is demonstrated and it is shown that the shape transformations are based on an increase in membrane area and generation of spontaneous curvature. The vesicles exhibit budding and the buds can be retracted by using light of a different wavelength. In the presence of F-azo, the membrane area can increase by more than 5% as assessed from vesicle electrodeformation. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism and the partitioning of F-azo in the membrane, molecular dynamics simulations are employed. Comparison with theoretically calculated shapes reveals that the budded shapes are governed by curvature elasticity, that the spontaneous curvature can be decomposed into a local and a nonlocal contribution, and that the local spontaneous curvature is about 1/(2.5 mu m). The results show that exo- and endocytotic events can be controlled by light and that these photoinduced processes provide an attractive method to change membrane area and morphology.
KW  - azobenzene
KW  - lipid membranes
KW  - molecular dynamics
KW  - photoswitch
KW  - vesicles
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201800432
SN  - 2198-3844
VL  - 5
IS  - 8
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Clahsen, Harald
A1  - Paulmann, Silke
A1  - Budd, Mary-Jane
A1  - Barry, Christopher
T1  - Morphological encoding beyond slots and fillers
BT  - an ERP study of comparative formation in English
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - One important organizational property of morphology is competition. Different means of expression are in conflict with each other for encoding the same grammatical function. In the current study, we examined the nature of this control mechanism by testing the formation of comparative adjectives in English during language production. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during cued silent production, the first study of this kind for comparative adjective formation. We specifically examined the ERP correlates of producing synthetic relative to analytic comparatives, e.g. angriervs. more angry. A frontal, bilaterally distributed, enhanced negative-going waveform for analytic comparatives (vis-a-vis synthetic ones) emerged approximately 300ms after the (silent) production cue. We argue that this ERP effect reflects a control mechanism that constrains grammatically-based computational processes (viz. more comparative formation). We also address the possibility that this particular ERP effect may belong to a family of previously observed negativities reflecting cognitive control monitoring, rather than morphological encoding processes per se.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199897
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 13
IS  - 7
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Lazuras, Lambros
A1  - Barkoukis, Vassilis
A1  - Loukovitis, Andreas
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - Hudson, Andy
A1  - Mallia, Luca
A1  - Michaelides, Michalis
A1  - Muzi, Milena
A1  - Petroczi, Andrea
A1  - Zelli, Arnaldo
T1  - Corrigendum: "I Want It All, and I Want It Now": Lifetime Prevalence and Reasons for Using and Abstaining from Controlled Performance and Appearance Enhancing Substances (PAES) among Young Exercisers and Amateur Athletes in Five European Countries (Frontiers in psychology. - 8 (2017), 717.)
T2  - Frontiers in psychology
KW  - doping
KW  - behavioral reasoning
KW  - exercise
KW  - fitness
KW  - recreational sport
KW  - young adults
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01162
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Filipovic, Vilim
A1  - Gerke, Horst H.
A1  - Filipovic, Lana
A1  - Sommer, Michael
T1  - Quantifying subsurface lateral flow along sloping horizon boundaries in soil profiles of a hummocky ground moraine
JF  - Vadose zone journal
N2  - Subsurface lateral flow in hillslope soils depends on lower permeability or texture-contrasting soil horizons. In the arable hummocky soil landscape, erosion processes caused glacial till appearance closer to the soil surface at upslope positions. The objective of this work was to quantify the potential for subsurface lateral flow depending on the erosion-affected spatial hydropedological complexity. The eroded Haplic Luvisol profile was studied due to the presence of a relatively dense C horizon that varied in depth, thickness, and sloping angle. A two-dimensional numerical modeling and sensitivity analysis for the saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) of the C horizon and the depth to C horizon (i.e., soil solum thickness) was performed for rainstorms in 2011 and 2012 using HYDRUS-2D. A K-s value of <2.5 cm d(-1) for the C horizon was required for lateral flow initiation. Lateral flow was (i) increasing with decreasing solum thickness, indicating an erosion-induced feedback on subsurface lateral flow, and (ii) dependent on the soil moisture regime prior to rainstorms. The effect of lateral flow on the movement of a conservative tracer was simulated in the form of a "virtual experiment". Simulation scenarios revealed only a relatively small lateral shift of the tracer plume caused by a local decoupling of water (already lateral) from subsequent tracer movement (still vertical). Longer term simulations suggested that, for the present conditions, lateral flow was limited mostly to occasional summer storm events. Even without considering preferential flow contribution to lateral flow, highly complex hydropedologic interactions are present in erosion-affected heterogeneous soil profiles.
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2017.05.0106
SN  - 1539-1663
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
PB  - Soil Science Society of America
CY  - Madison
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Totz, Sonja Juliana
A1  - Löber, Jakob
A1  - Totz, Jan Frederik
A1  - Engel, Harald
T1  - Control of transversal instabilities in reaction-diffusion systems
JF  - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics
N2  - In two-dimensional reaction-diffusion systems, local curvature perturbations on traveling waves are typically damped out and vanish. However, if the inhibitor diffuses much faster than the activator, transversal instabilities can arise, leading from flat to folded, spatio-temporally modulated waves and to spreading spiral turbulence. Here, we propose a scheme to induce or inhibit these instabilities via a spatio-temporal feedback loop. In a piecewise-linear version of the FitzHugh-Nagumo model, transversal instabilities and spiral turbulence in the uncontrolled system are shown to be suppressed in the presence of control, thereby stabilizing plane wave propagation. Conversely, in numerical simulations with the modified Oregonator model for the photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, which does not exhibit transversal instabilities on its own, we demonstrate the feasibility of inducing transversal instabilities and study the emerging wave patterns in a well-controlled manner.
KW  - traveling waves
KW  - control
KW  - transversal instabilities
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aabce5
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 20
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kwanbunjan, Karunee
A1  - Panprathip, Pornpimol
A1  - Phosat, Chanchira
A1  - Chumpathat, Noppanath
A1  - Wechjakwen, Naruemon
A1  - Puduang, Somchai
A1  - Auyyuenyong, Ratchada
A1  - Henkel, Ina
A1  - Schweigert, Florian J.
T1  - Association of retinol binding protein 4 and transthyretin with triglyceride levels and insulin resistance in rural thais with high type 2 diabetes risk
JF  - BMC Endocrine Disorders
N2  - Background: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), a protein secreted by adipocytes and bound in plasma to transthyretin (TTR), has been associated with obesity, the early phase of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between RBP4, TTR, triglyceride (TG) and type 2 diabetes risk in rural Thailand. Results: RBP4 and TTR levels, as well as homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, were significantly elevated among subjects with high triglyceride levels (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). Triglyceride levels correlated with RBP4 (r = 0.34, p < 0.001) and TTR (r= 0.26, p < 0.01) levels, as well as HOMA-IR values (r= 0.16, p < 0.05). After adjustment for age and gender, the risk of hypertriglyceridemia was 3.7 times greater (95% Cl =1.42 -9.73, p = 0.008) in the highest RBP4 tertile as compared to the lowest tertile. Similarly, the highest TTR and HOMA-IR tertiles had greater risk of hypertriglyceridemia at 3.5 (95% Cl = 1.30-9.20, p = 0.01) and 3.6 (95% CI = 1.33- 9.58, p = 0.01) times higher than the respective lowest tertiles. The correlation between TTR and blood glucose was statistically significant (r 0.18, p < 0.05), but not found this relationship in RBP4. Conclusions: The associations of RBP4 and TTR with hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance may have important implications for the risk of heart disease and stroke.
KW  - RBP4
KW  - TTR
KW  - HOMA-IR
KW  - Hypertriglyceridemia
KW  - Type 2 diabetes
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-018-0254-2
SN  - 1472-6823
VL  - 18
PB  - BMC
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Casado, Mathieu
A1  - Landais, Amaelle
A1  - Picard, Ghislain
A1  - Münch, Thomas
A1  - Laepple, Thomas
A1  - Stenni, Barbara
A1  - Dreossi, Giuliano
A1  - Ekaykin, Alexey
A1  - Arnaud, Laurent
A1  - Genthon, Christophe
A1  - Touzeau, Alexandra
A1  - Masson-Delmotte, Valerie
A1  - Jouzel, Jean
T1  - Archival processes of the water stable isotope signal in East Antarctic ice cores
JF  - The Cryosphere : TC ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - The oldest ice core records are obtained from the East Antarctic Plateau. Water isotopes are key proxies to reconstructing past climatic conditions over the ice sheet and at the evaporation source. The accuracy of climate reconstructions depends on knowledge of all processes affecting water vapour, precipitation and snow isotopic compositions. Fractionation processes are well understood and can be integrated in trajectory-based Rayleigh distillation and isotope-enabled climate models. However, a quantitative understanding of processes potentially altering snow isotopic composition after deposition is still missing. In low-accumulation sites, such as those found in East Antarctica, these poorly constrained processes are likely to play a significant role and limit the interpretability of an ice core's isotopic composition.
By combining observations of isotopic composition in vapour, precipitation, surface snow and buried snow from Dome C, a deep ice core site on the East Antarctic Plateau, we found indications of a seasonal impact of metamorphism on the surface snow isotopic signal when compared to the initial precipitation. Particularly in summer, exchanges of water molecules between vapour and snow are driven by the diurnal sublimation-condensation cycles. Overall, we observe in between precipitation events modification of the surface snow isotopic composition. Using high-resolution water isotopic composition profiles from snow pits at five Antarctic sites with different accumulation rates, we identified common patterns which cannot be attributed to the seasonal variability of precipitation. These differences in the precipitation, surface snow and buried snow isotopic composition provide evidence of post-deposition processes affecting ice core records in low-accumulation areas.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1745-2018
SN  - 1994-0416
SN  - 1994-0424
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
SP  - 1745
EP  - 1766
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hodgkins, Suzanne B.
A1  - Richardson, Curtis J.
A1  - Dommain, Rene
A1  - Wang, Hongjun
A1  - Glaser, Paul H.
A1  - Verbeke, Brittany
A1  - Winkler, B. Rose
A1  - Cobb, Alexander R.
A1  - Rich, Virginia I.
A1  - Missilmani, Malak
A1  - Flanagan, Neal
A1  - Ho, Mengchi
A1  - Hoyt, Alison M.
A1  - Harvey, Charles F.
A1  - Vining, S. Rose
A1  - Hough, Moira A.
A1  - Moore, Tim R.
A1  - Richard, Pierre J. H.
A1  - De la Cruz, Florentino B.
A1  - Toufaily, Joumana
A1  - Hamdan, Rasha
A1  - Cooper, William T.
A1  - Chanton, Jeffrey P.
T1  - Tropical peatland carbon storage linked to global latitudinal trends in peat recalcitrance
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Peatlands represent large terrestrial carbon banks. Given that most peat accumulates in boreal regions, where low temperatures and water saturation preserve organic matter, the existence of peat in (sub)tropical regions remains enigmatic. Here we examined peat and plant chemistry across a latitudinal transect from the Arctic to the tropics. Near-surface low-latitude peat has lower carbohydrate and greater aromatic content than near-surface high-latitude peat, creating a reduced oxidation state and resulting recalcitrance. This recalcitrance allows peat to persist in the (sub)tropics despite warm temperatures. Because we observed similar declines in carbohydrate content with depth in high-latitude peat, our data explain recent field-scale deep peat warming experiments in which catotelm (deeper) peat remained stable despite temperature increases up to 9 degrees C. We suggest that high-latitude deep peat reservoirs may be stabilized in the face of climate change by their ultimately lower carbohydrate and higher aromatic composition, similar to tropical peats.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06050-2
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 9
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ronasi, Golnoush
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Zimmermann, Malte
T1  - Language and Arithmetic
BT  - a failure to find cross cognitive domain semantic priming between exception phrases and subtraction or addition
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - We examined cross-domain semantic priming effects between arithmetic and language. We paired subtractions with their linguistic equivalent, exception phrases (EPs) with positive quantifiers (e.g., "everybody except John") while pairing additions with their own linguistic equivalent, EPs with negative quantifiers (e.g., "nobody except John"; Moltmann, 1995). We hypothesized that EPs with positive quantifiers prime subtractions and inhibit additions while EPs with negative quantifiers prime additions and inhibit subtractions. Furthermore, we expected similar priming and inhibition effects from arithmetic into semantics. Our design allowed for a bidirectional analysis by using one trial's target as the prime for the next trial. Two experiments failed to show significant priming effects in either direction. Implications and possible shortcomings are explored in the general discussion.
KW  - cross-domain priming
KW  - language
KW  - arithmetic
KW  - information integration
KW  - cognitive module
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01524
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Postolica, Roxana
A1  - Iorga, Magdalena
A1  - Savin, Mihaela
A1  - Azoicai, Doina
A1  - Enea, Violeta
T1  - The utility of Leventhal’s model in the analysis of the psycho-behavioral implications of familial cancer
BT  - a literature review
JF  - Archives of Medical Science
N2  - Introduction:
We aim to highlight the utility of this model in the analysis of the psycho-behavioral implications of family cancer, presenting the scientific literature that used Leventhal’s model as the theoretical framework of approach.


Material and methods: 
A systematic search was performed in six databases (EBSCO, ScienceDirect, PubMed Central, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science) with empirical studies published between 2006 and 2015 in English with regard to the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSMR) and familial/hereditary cancer. The key words used were: illness representations, common sense model, self regulatory model, familial/hereditary/genetic cancer, genetic cancer counseling. The selection of studies followed the PRISMA-P guidelines (Moher et al., 2009; Shamseer et al., 2015), which suggest a three-stage procedure. 

Results: 
Individuals create their own cognitive and emotional representation of the disease when their health is threatened, being influenced by the presence of a family history of cancer, causing them to adopt or not a salutogenetic behavior. Disease representations, particularly the cognitive ones, can be predictors of responses to health threats that determine different health behaviors. Age, family history of cancer, and worrying about the disease are factors associated with undergoing screening. No consensus has been reached as to which factors act as predictors of compliance with cancer screening programs.

Conclusions:
This model can generate interventions that are conceptually clear as well as useful in regulating the individuals’ behaviors by reducing the risk of developing the disease and by managing as favorably as possible health and/or disease.
KW  - representation
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2016.63149
SN  - 1734-1922
SN  - 1896-9151
VL  - 14
IS  - 5
SP  - 1144
EP  - 1154
PB  - Termedia publishing house LTD
CY  - Poznan
ER  -