TY  - JOUR
A1  - Foster, William J.
A1  - Heindel, Katrin
A1  - Richoz, Sylvain
A1  - Gliwa, Jana
A1  - Lehrmann, Daniel J.
A1  - Baud, Aymon
A1  - Kolar-Jurkovsek, Tea
A1  - Aljinovic, Dunja
A1  - Jurkovsek, Bogdan
A1  - Korn, Dieter
A1  - Martindale, Rowan C.
A1  - Peckmann, Jörn
T1  - Suppressed competitive exclusion enabled the proliferation of Permian/Triassic boundary microbialites
JF  - The Depositional Record : the open access journal of the International Association of Sedimentologists
N2  - During the earliest Triassic microbial mats flourished in the photic zones of marginal seas, generating widespread microbialites. It has been suggested that anoxic conditions in shallow marine environments, linked to the end-Permian mass extinction, limited mat-inhibiting metazoans allowing for this microbialite expansion. The presence of a diverse suite of proxies indicating oxygenated shallow sea-water conditions (metazoan fossils, biomarkers and redox proxies) from microbialite successions have, however, challenged the inference of anoxic conditions. Here, the distribution and faunal composition of Griesbachian microbialites from China, Iran, Turkey, Armenia, Slovenia and Hungary are investigated to determine the factors that allowed microbialite-forming microbial mats to flourish following the end-Permian crisis. The results presented here show that Neotethyan microbial buildups record a unique faunal association due to the presence of keratose sponges, while the Palaeotethyan buildups have a higher proportion of molluscs and the foraminifera Earlandia. The distribution of the faunal components within the microbial fabrics suggests that, except for the keratose sponges and some microconchids, most of the metazoans were transported into the microbial framework via wave currents. The presence of both microbialites and metazoan associations were limited to oxygenated settings, suggesting that a factor other than anoxia resulted in a relaxation of ecological constraints following the mass extinction event. It is inferred that the end-Permian mass extinction event decreased the diversity and abundance of metazoans to the point of significantly reducing competition, allowing photosynthesis-based microbial mats to flourish in shallow water settings and resulting in the formation of widespread microbialites.
KW  - Competitive exclusion
KW  - Permian
KW  - Triassic
KW  - mass extinction
KW  - microbialites
KW  - palaeoecology
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/dep2.97
SN  - 2055-4877
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
SP  - 62
EP  - 74
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Manzoni, Stefano
A1  - Capek, Petr
A1  - Porada, Philipp
A1  - Thurner, Martin
A1  - Winterdahl, Mattias
A1  - Beer, Christian
A1  - Bruchert, Volker
A1  - Frouz, Jan
A1  - Herrmann, Anke M.
A1  - Lindahl, Bjorn D.
A1  - Lyon, Steve W.
A1  - Šantrůčková, Hana
A1  - Vico, Giulia
A1  - Way, Danielle
T1  - Reviews and syntheses
BT  - Carbon use efficiency from organisms to ecosystems - definitions, theories, and empirical evidence
JF  - Biogeosciences
N2  - The cycling of carbon (C) between the Earth surface and the atmosphere is controlled by biological and abiotic processes that regulate C storage in biogeochemical compartments and release to the atmosphere. This partitioning is quantified using various forms of C-use efficiency (CUE) - the ratio of C remaining in a system to C entering that system. Biological CUE is the fraction of C taken up allocated to biosynthesis. In soils and sediments, C storage depends also on abiotic processes, so the term C-storage efficiency (CSE) can be used. Here we first review and reconcile CUE and CSE definitions proposed for autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms and communities, food webs, whole ecosystems and watersheds, and soils and sediments using a common mathematical framework. Second, we identify general CUE patterns; for example, the actual CUE increases with improving growth conditions, and apparent CUE decreases with increasing turnover. We then synthesize > 5000CUE estimates showing that CUE decreases with increasing biological and ecological organization - from uni-cellular to multicellular organisms and from individuals to ecosystems. We conclude that CUE is an emergent property of coupled biological-abiotic systems, and it should be regarded as a flexible and scale-dependent index of the capacity of a given system to effectively retain C.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5929-2018
SN  - 1726-4170
SN  - 1726-4189
VL  - 15
IS  - 19
SP  - 5929
EP  - 5949
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bielcik, Milos
A1  - Aguilar-Trigueros, Carlos A.
A1  - Lakovic, Milica
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
A1  - Rillig, Matthias C.
T1  - The role of active movement in fungal ecology and community assembly
JF  - Movement Ecology
N2  - Movement ecology aims to provide common terminology and an integrative framework of movement research across all groups of organisms. Yet such work has focused on unitary organisms so far, and thus the important group of filamentous fungi has not been considered in this context. With the exception of spore dispersal, movement in filamentous fungi has not been integrated into the movement ecology field. At the same time, the field of fungal ecology has been advancing research on topics like informed growth, mycelial translocations, or fungal highways using its own terminology and frameworks, overlooking the theoretical developments within movement ecology. We provide a conceptual and terminological framework for interdisciplinary collaboration between these two disciplines, and show how both can benefit from closer links: We show how placing the knowledge from fungal biology and ecology into the framework of movement ecology can inspire both theoretical and empirical developments, eventually leading towards a better understanding of fungal ecology and community assembly. Conversely, by a greater focus on movement specificities of filamentous fungi, movement ecology stands to benefit from the challenge to evolve its concepts and terminology towards even greater universality. We show how our concept can be applied for other modular organisms (such as clonal plants and slime molds), and how this can lead towards comparative studies with the relationship between organismal movement and ecosystems in the focus.
KW  - Filamentous fungi
KW  - Microbial community
KW  - Active movement
KW  - Modular organisms
KW  - Interference competition
KW  - Fungal space searching algorithms
KW  - Fungal foraging
KW  - Fungal highways
KW  - Clonal plants
KW  - Slime molds
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-019-0180-6
SN  - 2051-3933
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
PB  - BMC
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marcisz, Katarzyna
A1  - Jassey, Vincent E. J.
A1  - Kosakyan, Anush
A1  - Krashevska, Valentyna
A1  - Lahr, Daniel J. G.
A1  - Lara, Enrique
A1  - Lamentowicz, Lukasz
A1  - Lamentowicz, Mariusz
A1  - Macumber, Andrew
A1  - Mazei, Yuri
A1  - Mitchell, Edward A. D.
A1  - Nasser, Nawaf A.
A1  - Patterson, R. Timothy
A1  - Roe, Helen M.
A1  - Singer, David
A1  - Tsyganov, Andrey N.
A1  - Fournier, Bertrand
T1  - Testate amoeba functional traits and their use in paleoecology
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2  - This review provides a synthesis of current knowledge on the morphological and functional traits of testate amoebae, a polyphyletic group of protists commonly used as proxies of past hydrological changes in paleoecological investigations from peatland, lake sediment and soil archives. A trait-based approach to understanding testate amoebae ecology and paleoecology has gained in popularity in recent years, with research showing that morphological characteristics provide complementary information to the commonly used environmental inferences based on testate amoeba (morpho-)species data. We provide a broad overview of testate amoeba morphological and functional traits and trait-environment relationships in the context of ecology, evolution, genetics, biogeography, and paleoecology. As examples we report upon previous ecological and paleoecological studies that used trait-based approaches, and describe key testate amoebae traits that can be used to improve the interpretation of environmental studies. We also highlight knowledge gaps and speculate on potential future directions for the application of trait-based approaches in testate amoeba research.
KW  - protists
KW  - functional traits
KW  - morphological traits
KW  - ecology
KW  - peatlands
KW  - lakes
KW  - soils
KW  - trait-based approaches
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.575966
SN  - 2296-701X
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zoll, Felix
A1  - Diehl, Katharina
A1  - Siebert, Rosemarie
T1  - Integrating sustainability goals in innovation processes
BT  - applying a decision support tool in a dual-purpose chicken case study
JF  - Sustainability
N2  - The innovative dual-purpose chicken approach aims at contributing to the transition towards sustainable poultry production by avoiding the culling of male chickens. To successfully integrate sustainability aspects into innovation, goal congruency among actors and clearly communicating the added value within the actor network and to consumers is needed. The challenge of identifying common sustainability goals calls for decision support tools. The objectives of our research were to investigate whether the tool could assist in improving communication and marketing with respect to sustainability and optimizing the value chain organization. Three actor groups participated in the tool application, in which quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The results showed that there were manifold sustainability goals within the innovation network, but only some goals overlapped, and the perception of their implementation also diverged. While easily marketable goals such as ‘animal welfare’ were perceived as being largely implemented, economic goals were prioritized less often, and the implementation was perceived as being rather low. By visualizing congruencies and differences in the goals, the tool helped identify fields of action, such as improved information flows and prompted thinking processes. We conclude that the tool is useful for managing complex decision processes with several actors involved.
KW  - value-based sustainability assessment
KW  - stakeholder participation
KW  - niche level
KW  - culling of male chickens
KW  - mixed methods
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143761
SN  - 2071-1050
VL  - 11
IS  - 14
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hudson, Paul
A1  - Hagedoorn, Liselotte
A1  - Bubeck, Philip
T1  - Potential linkages between social capital, flood risk perceptions, and self-efficacy
JF  - International journal of disaster risk science
N2  - A growing focus is being placed on both individuals and communities to adapt to flooding as part of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. Adaptation to flooding requires sufficient social capital (linkages between members of society), risk perceptions (understanding of risk), and self-efficacy (self-perceived ability to limit disaster impacts) to be effective. However, there is limited understanding of how social capital, risk perceptions, and self-efficacy interact. We seek to explore how social capital interacts with variables known to increase the likelihood of successful adaptation. To study these linkages we analyze survey data of 1010 respondents across two communities in Thua Tien-Hue Province in central Vietnam, using ordered probit models. We find positive correlations between social capital, risk perceptions, and self-efficacy overall. This is a partly contrary finding to what was found in previous studies linking these concepts in Europe, which may be a result from the difference in risk context. The absence of an overall negative exchange between these factors has positive implications for proactive flood risk adaptation.
KW  - flood risk
KW  - protection motivation theory
KW  - risk perceptions
KW  - social
KW  - capital
KW  - self-efficacy
KW  - Vietnam
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-020-00259-w
SN  - 2095-0055
SN  - 2192-6395
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
SP  - 251
EP  - 262
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cavael, Ulrike
A1  - Diehl, Katharina
A1  - Lentzsch, Peter
T1  - Assessment of growth suppression in apple production with replant soils
JF  - Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management
N2  - Apple replant disease (ARD) is a specific apple-related form of soil fertility loss due to unidentified causes and is also known as soil fatigue. The effect typically appears in monoculture production sites and leads to production decreases of up to 50%, even though the cultivation practice remains the same. However, an indication of replant disease is challenged by the lack of specification of the particular microbial group responsible for ARD. The objective of this study was to establish an algorithm for estimating growth suppression in orchards irrespective of the unknowns in the complex causal relationship by assessing plant-soil interaction in the orchard several years after planting. Based on a comparison between no-replant and replant soils, the Alternaria group (Ag) was identified as a soil-fungal population responding to replant with abundance. The trunk cross-sectional area (CSA) was found to be a practical and robust parameter representing below-ground and above-ground tree performance. Suppression of tree vigour was therefore calculated by dividing the two inversely related parameters, Q = ln(Ag)/CSA, as a function of soil-fungal proportions and plant responses at the single-tree level. On this basis, five clusters of tree vigour suppression (Q) were defined: (1) no tree vigour suppression/vital (0%), (2) escalating (- 38%), (3) strong (- 53%), (4) very strong (- 62%), and (5) critical (- 74%). By calculating Q at the level of the single tree, trees were clustered according to tree vigour suppression. The weighted frequency of clusters in the field allowed replant impact to be quantified at field level. Applied to a case study on sandy brown, dry diluvial soils in Brandenburg, Germany, the calculated tree vigour suppression was 46% compared to the potential tree vigour on no-replant soil in the same field. It is highly likely that the calculated growth suppression corresponds to ARD-impact This result is relevant for identifying functional changes in soil and for monitoring the economic effects of soil fatigue in apple orchards, particularly where long-period crop rotation or plot exchange are improbable.
KW  - orchard management
KW  - trunk cross-sectional area
KW  - alternaria group
KW  - apple
KW  - production
KW  - soil fatigue
KW  - apple replant disease
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105846
SN  - 1470-160X
SN  - 1872-7034
VL  - 109
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tötzke, Christian
A1  - Cermak, Jan
A1  - Nadezhdina, Nadezhda
A1  - Tributsch, Helmut
T1  - Electrochemical in-situ studies of solar mediated oxygen transport and turnover dynamics in a tree trunk of Tilia cordata
JF  - iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry
N2  - Platinum electrodes were implanted into the xylem of a lime tree (Tilia cordata) stem and solar- induced electrochemical potential differences of up to 120 mV were measured during the vegetative period and up to 30 mV in winter. The time dependent curves were found to be delayed with respect to solar radiation, sap flow activity, temperature and vapor pressure deficit. A general equation for the potential difference was derived and simplified by analyzing the effect of temperature and tensile strength. The potential determining influence of oxygen concentration on the respective location of the platinum electrode was identified as the principal phenomenon measured. A systematic analysis and investigation of the observed periodic oxygen concentration signals promises new information on sap flow, oxygen diffusion through tree tissues and on oxygen consumption related to the energy turnover in tree tissues.
KW  - Tree Stems
KW  - Oxygen Transport
KW  - Xylem
KW  - Sap Flow
KW  - Tree Metabolism
KW  - Electrical Potential
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1681-010
SN  - 1971-7458
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
SP  - 355
EP  - 361
PB  - SISEF - The Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology
CY  - Potenza
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hodgkins, Suzanne B.
A1  - Richardson, Curtis J.
A1  - Dommain, Rene
A1  - Wang, Hongjun
A1  - Glaser, Paul H.
A1  - Verbeke, Brittany
A1  - Winkler, B. Rose
A1  - Cobb, Alexander R.
A1  - Rich, Virginia I.
A1  - Missilmani, Malak
A1  - Flanagan, Neal
A1  - Ho, Mengchi
A1  - Hoyt, Alison M.
A1  - Harvey, Charles F.
A1  - Vining, S. Rose
A1  - Hough, Moira A.
A1  - Moore, Tim R.
A1  - Richard, Pierre J. H.
A1  - De la Cruz, Florentino B.
A1  - Toufaily, Joumana
A1  - Hamdan, Rasha
A1  - Cooper, William T.
A1  - Chanton, Jeffrey P.
T1  - Tropical peatland carbon storage linked to global latitudinal trends in peat recalcitrance
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Peatlands represent large terrestrial carbon banks. Given that most peat accumulates in boreal regions, where low temperatures and water saturation preserve organic matter, the existence of peat in (sub)tropical regions remains enigmatic. Here we examined peat and plant chemistry across a latitudinal transect from the Arctic to the tropics. Near-surface low-latitude peat has lower carbohydrate and greater aromatic content than near-surface high-latitude peat, creating a reduced oxidation state and resulting recalcitrance. This recalcitrance allows peat to persist in the (sub)tropics despite warm temperatures. Because we observed similar declines in carbohydrate content with depth in high-latitude peat, our data explain recent field-scale deep peat warming experiments in which catotelm (deeper) peat remained stable despite temperature increases up to 9 degrees C. We suggest that high-latitude deep peat reservoirs may be stabilized in the face of climate change by their ultimately lower carbohydrate and higher aromatic composition, similar to tropical peats.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06050-2
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 9
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Graf, Lukas
A1  - Moreno-de-las-Heras, Mariano
A1  - Ruiz, Maurici
A1  - Calsamiglia, Aleix
A1  - García-Comendador, Julián
A1  - Fortesa, Josep
A1  - López-Tarazón, José A.
A1  - Estrany, Joan
T1  - Accuracy assessment of digital terrain model dataset sources for hydrogeomorphological modelling in small mediterranean catchments
JF  - Remote sensing
N2  - Digital terrain models (DTMs) are a fundamental source of information in Earth sciences. DTM-based studies, however, can contain remarkable biases if limitations and inaccuracies in these models are disregarded. In this work, four freely available datasets, including Shuttle Radar Topography Mission C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SRTM C-SAR V3 DEM), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Map (ASTER GDEM V2), and two nationwide airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived DTMs (at 5-m and 1-m spatial resolution, respectively) were analysed in three geomorphologically contrasting, small (3–5 km2) catchments located in Mediterranean landscapes under intensive human influence (Mallorca Island, Spain). Vertical accuracy as well as the influence of each dataset’s characteristics on hydrological and geomorphological modelling applicability were assessed by using ground-truth data, classic geometric and morphometric parameters, and a recently proposed index of sediment connectivity. Overall vertical accuracy—expressed as the root mean squared error (RMSE) and normalised median deviation (NMAD)—revealed the highest accuracy for the 1-m (RMSE = 1.55 m; NMAD = 0.44 m) and 5-m LiDAR DTMs (RMSE = 1.73 m; NMAD = 0.84 m). Vertical accuracy of the SRTM data was lower (RMSE = 6.98 m; NMAD = 5.27 m), but considerably higher than for the ASTER data (RMSE = 16.10 m; NMAD = 11.23 m). All datasets were affected by systematic distortions. Propagation of these errors and coarse horizontal resolution caused negative impacts on flow routing, stream network, and catchment delineation, and to a lower extent, on the distribution of slope values. These limitations should be carefully considered when applying DTMs for catchment hydrogeomorphological modelling.
KW  - digital terrain models
KW  - DTM vertical accuracy
KW  - DTM comparison
KW  - hydrogeomorphological modelling
KW  - Mediterranean catchments
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10122014
SN  - 2072-4292
VL  - 10
IS  - 12
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Skinner, Christopher J.
A1  - Coulthard, Tom J.
A1  - Schwanghart, Wolfgang
A1  - Van De Wiel, Marco J.
A1  - Hancock, Greg
T1  - Global sensitivity analysis of parameter uncertainty in landscape evolution models
JF  - Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - The evaluation and verification of landscape evolution models (LEMs) has long been limited by a lack of suitable observational data and statistical measures which can fully capture the complexity of landscape changes. This lack of data limits the use of objective function based evaluation prolific in other modelling fields, and restricts the application of sensitivity analyses in the models and the consequent assessment of model uncertainties. To overcome this deficiency, a novel model function approach has been developed, with each model function representing an aspect of model behaviour, which allows for the application of sensitivity analyses. The model function approach is used to assess the relative sensitivity of the CAESAR-Lisflood LEM to a set of model parameters by applying the Morris method sensitivity analysis for two contrasting catchments. The test revealed that the model was most sensitive to the choice of the sediment transport formula for both catchments, and that each parameter influenced model behaviours differently, with model functions relating to internal geomorphic changes responding in a different way to those relating to the sediment yields from the catchment outlet. The model functions proved useful for providing a way of evaluating the sensitivity of LEMs in the absence of data and methods for an objective function approach.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4873-2018
SN  - 1991-959X
SN  - 1991-9603
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
SP  - 4873
EP  - 4888
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ayzel, Georgy
A1  - Izhitskiy, Alexander
T1  - Climate Change Impact Assessment on Freshwater Inflow into the Small Aral Sea
JF  - Water
N2  - During the last few decades, the rapid separation of the Small Aral Sea from the isolated basin has changed its hydrological and ecological conditions tremendously. In the present study, we developed and validated the hybrid model for the Syr Darya River basin based on a combination of state-of-the-art hydrological and machine learning models. Climate change impact on freshwater inflow into the Small Aral Sea for the projection period 2007-2099 has been quantified based on the developed hybrid model and bias corrected and downscaled meteorological projections simulated by four General Circulation Models (GCM) for each of three Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (RCP). The developed hybrid model reliably simulates freshwater inflow for the historical period with a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.72 and a Kling-Gupta efficiency of 0.77. Results of the climate change impact assessment showed that the freshwater inflow projections produced by different GCMs are misleading by providing contradictory results for the projection period. However, we identified that the relative runoff changes are expected to be more pronounced in the case of more aggressive RCP scenarios. The simulated projections of freshwater inflow provide a basis for further assessment of climate change impacts on hydrological and ecological conditions of the Small Aral Sea in the 21st Century.
KW  - Small Aral Sea
KW  - hydrology
KW  - climate change
KW  - modeling
KW  - machine learning
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112377
SN  - 2073-4441
VL  - 11
IS  - 11
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marrucci, Monica
A1  - Zeilinger, Gerold
A1  - Ribolini, Adriano
A1  - Schwanghart, Wolfgang
T1  - Origin of Knickpoints in an Alpine Context Subject to Different Perturbing Factors, Stura Valley, Maritime Alps (North-Western Italy)
JF  - Geosciences
N2  - Natural catchments are likely to show the existence of knickpoints in their river networks. The origin and genesis of the knickpoints can be manifold, considering that the present morphology is the result of the interactions of different factors such as tectonic movements, quaternary glaciations, river captures, variable lithology, and base-level changes. We analyzed the longitudinal profiles of the river channels in the Stura di Demonte Valley (Maritime Alps) to identify the knickpoints of such an alpine setting and to characterize their origins. The distribution and the geometry of stream profiles were used to identify the possible causes of the changes in stream gradients and to define zones with genetically linked knickpoints. Knickpoints are key geomorphological features for reconstructing the evolution of fluvial dissected basins, when the different perturbing factors affecting the ideally graded fluvial system have been detected. This study shows that even in a regionally small area, perturbations of river profiles are caused by multiple factors. Thus, attributing (automatically)-extracted knickpoints solely to one factor, can potentially lead to incomplete interpretations of catchment evolution.
KW  - knickpoint
KW  - river longitudinal profile
KW  - Maritime Alps
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8120443
SN  - 2076-3263
VL  - 8
IS  - 12
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bormann, Helge
A1  - de Brito, Mariana Madruga
A1  - Charchousi, Despoina
A1  - Chatzistratis, Dimitris
A1  - David, Amrei
A1  - Grosser, Paula Farina
A1  - Kebschull, Jenny
A1  - Konis, Alexandros
A1  - Koutalakis, Paschalis
A1  - Korali, Alkistis
A1  - Krauzig, Naomi
A1  - Meier, Jessica
A1  - Meliadou, Varvara
A1  - Meinhardt, Markus
A1  - Munnelly, Kieran
A1  - Stephan, Christiane
A1  - de Vos, Leon Frederik
A1  - Dietrich, Jörg
A1  - Tzoraki, Ourania
T1  - Impact of Hydrological Modellers’ Decisions and Attitude on the Performance of a Calibrated Conceptual Catchment Model
BT  - Results from a ‘Modelling Contest’
JF  - Hydrology
N2  - In this study, 17 hydrologists with different experience in hydrological modelling applied the same conceptual catchment model (HBV) to a Greek catchment, using identical data and model code. Calibration was performed manually. Subsequently, the modellers were asked for their experience, their calibration strategy, and whether they enjoyed the exercise. The exercise revealed that there is considerable modellers’ uncertainty even among the experienced modellers. It seemed to be equally important whether the modellers followed a good calibration strategy, and whether they enjoyed modelling. The exercise confirmed previous studies about the benefit of model ensembles: Different combinations of the simulation results (median, mean) outperformed the individual model simulations, while filtering the simulations even improved the quality of the model ensembles. Modellers’ experience, decisions, and attitude, therefore, have an impact on the hydrological model application and should be considered as part of hydrological modelling uncertainty.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology5040064
SN  - 2306-5338
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Puppe, Daniel
A1  - Wanner, Manfred
A1  - Sommer, Michael
T1  - Data on euglyphid testate amoeba densities, corresponding protozoic silicon pools, and selected soil parameters of initial and forested biogeosystems
JF  - Data in brief
N2  - The dataset in the present article provides information on protozoic silicon (Si) pools represented by euglyphid testate amoebae (TA) in soils of initial and forested biogeosystems. Protozoic Si pools were calculated from densities of euglyphid TA shells and corresponding Si contents. The article also includes data on potential annual biosilicification rates of euglyphid TA at the examined sites. Furthermore, data on selected soil parameters (e.g., readily-available Si, soil pH) and site characteristics (e.g., soil groups, climate data) can be found. The data might be interesting for researchers focusing on biological processes in Si cycling in general and euglyphid TA and corresponding protozoic Si pools in particular.
KW  - Silicon cycling
KW  - Biogenic silica
KW  - Terrestrial biogeosystems
KW  - Biosilicification
KW  - Euglyphida
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.164
SN  - 2352-3409
VL  - 21
SP  - 1697
EP  - 1703
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Martin-Lopez, Berta
A1  - Leister, Ines
A1  - Cruz, Pedro Lorenzo
A1  - Palomo, Ignacio
A1  - Gret-Regamey, Adrienne
A1  - Harrison, Paula A.
A1  - Lavorel, Sandra
A1  - Locatelli, Bruno
A1  - Luque, Sandra
A1  - Walz, Ariane
T1  - Nature’s contributions to people in mountains
BT  - a review
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Mountains play a key role in the provision of nature’s contributions to people (NCP) worldwide that support societies’ quality of life. Simultaneously, mountains are threatened by multiple drivers of change. Due to the complex interlinkages between biodiversity, quality of life and drivers of change, research on NCP in mountains requires interdisciplinary approaches. In this study, we used the conceptual framework of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and the notion of NCP to determine to what extent previous research on ecosystem services in mountains has explored the different components of the IPBES conceptual framework. We conducted a systematic review of articles on ecosystem services in mountains published up to 2016 using the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Descriptive statistical and network analyses were conducted to explore the level of research on the components of the IPBES framework and their interactions. Our results show that research has gradually become more interdisciplinary by studying higher number of NCP, dimensions of quality of life, and indirect drivers of change. Yet, research focusing on biodiversity, regulating NCP and direct drivers has decreased over time. Furthermore, despite the fact that research on NCP in mountains becoming more policy-oriented over time, mainly in relation to payments for ecosystem services, institutional responses remained underexplored in the reviewed studies. Finally, we discuss the relevant knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future research in order to contribute to IPBES.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217847
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 14
IS  - 6
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schoonover, Heather A.
A1  - Gret-Regamey, Adrienne
A1  - Metzger, Marc J.
A1  - Ruiz-Frau, Ana
A1  - Santos-Reis, Margarida
A1  - Scholte, Samantha S. K.
A1  - Walz, Ariane
A1  - Nicholas, Kimberly A.
T1  - Creating space, aligning motivations, and building trust
BT  - a practical framework for stakeholder engagement based on experience in 12 ecosystem services case studies
JF  - Ecology and society : a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability
N2  - Ecosystem services inherently involve people, whose values help define the benefits of nature's services. It is thus important for researchers to involve stakeholders in ecosystem services research. However, a simple and practicable framework to guide such engagement, and in particular to help researchers anticipate and consider key issues and challenges, has not been well explored. Here, we use experience from the 12 case studies in the European Operational Potential of Ecosystem Research Applications (OPERAs) project to propose a stakeholder engagement framework comprising three key elements: creating space, aligning motivations, and building trust. We argue that involving stakeholders in research demands thoughtful reflection from the researchers about what kind of space they want to create, including if and how they want to bring different interests together, how much space they want to allow for critical discussion, and whether there is a role for particular stakeholders to serve as conduits between others. In addition, understanding their own motivations—including values, knowledge, goals, and desired benefits—will help researchers decide when and how to involve stakeholders, identify areas of common ground and potential disagreement, frame the project appropriately, set expectations, and ensure each party is able to see benefits of engaging with each other. Finally, building relationships with stakeholders can be difficult but considering the roles of existing relationships, time, approach, reputation, and belonging can help build mutual trust. Although the three key elements and the paths between them can play out differently depending on the particular research project, we suggest that a research design that considers how to create the space in which researchers and stakeholders will meet, align motivations between researchers and stakeholders, and build mutual trust will help foster productive researcher–stakeholder relationships.
KW  - cocreated knowledge
KW  - ecosystem services
KW  - participatory research
KW  - research design
KW  - stakeholder engagement
KW  - transdisciplinary research
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10061-240111
SN  - 1708-3087
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
PB  - Resilience Alliance
CY  - Wolfville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Muster, Sina
A1  - Riley, William J.
A1  - Roth, Kurt
A1  - Langer, Moritz
A1  - Aleina, Fabio Cresto
A1  - Koven, Charles D.
A1  - Lange, Stephan
A1  - Bartsch, Annett
A1  - Grosse, Guido
A1  - Wilson, Cathy J.
A1  - Jones, Benjamin M.
A1  - Boike, Julia
T1  - Size distributions of arctic waterbodies reveal consistent relations in their statistical moments in space and time
JF  - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2  - Arctic lowlands are characterized by large numbers of small waterbodies, which are known to affect surface energy budgets and the global carbon cycle. Statistical analysis of their size distributions has been hindered by the shortage of observations at sufficiently high spatial resolutions. This situation has now changed with the high-resolution (<5 m) circum-Arctic Permafrost Region Pond and Lake (PeRL) database recently becoming available. We have used this database to make the first consistent, high-resolution estimation of Arctic waterbody size distributions, with surface areas ranging from 0.0001 km(2) (100 m(2)) to 1 km(2). We found that the size distributions varied greatly across the thirty study regions investigated and that there was no single universal size distribution function (including power-law distribution functions) appropriate across all of the study regions. We did, however, find close relationships between the statistical moments (mean, variance, and skewness) of the waterbody size distributions from different study regions. Specifically, we found that the spatial variance increased linearly with mean waterbody size (R-2 = 0.97, p < 2.2e-16) and that the skewness decreased approximately hyperbolically. We have demonstrated that these relationships (1) hold across the 30 Arctic study regions covering a variety of (bio)climatic and permafrost zones, (2) hold over time in two of these study regions for which multi-decadal satellite imagery is available, and (3) can be reproduced by simulating rising water levels in a high-resolution digital elevation model. The consistent spatial and temporal relationships between the statistical moments of the waterbody size distributions underscore the dominance of topographic controls in lowland permafrost areas. These results provide motivation for further analyses of the factors involved in waterbody development and spatial distribution and for investigations into the possibility of using statistical moments to predict future hydrologic dynamics in the Arctic.
KW  - permafrost
KW  - hydrology
KW  - waterbodies
KW  - size distribution
KW  - thermokarst
KW  - statistical moments
KW  - ponds
KW  - lakes
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00005
SN  - 2296-6463
VL  - 7
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hellwig, Niels
A1  - Tatti, Dylan
A1  - Sartori, Giacomo
A1  - Anschlag, Kerstin
A1  - Graefe, Ulfert
A1  - Egli, Markus
A1  - Gobat, Jean-Michel
A1  - Broll, Gabriele
T1  - Modeling spatial patterns of humus forms in montane and subalpine forests
BT  - implications of local variability for upscaling
JF  - Sustainability
N2  - Humus forms are a distinctive morphological indicator of soil organic matter decomposition. The spatial distribution of humus forms depends on environmental factors such as topography, climate and vegetation. In montane and subalpine forests, environmental influences show a high spatial heterogeneity, which is reflected by a high spatial variability of humus forms. This study aims at examining spatial patterns of humus forms and their dependence on the spatial scale in a high mountain forest environment (Val di Sole/Val di Rabbi, Trentino, Italian Alps). On the basis of the distributions of environmental covariates across the study area, we described humus forms at the local scale (six sampling sites), slope scale (60 sampling sites) and landscape scale (30 additional sampling sites). The local variability of humus forms was analyzed with regard to the ground cover type. At the slope and landscape scale, spatial patterns of humus forms were modeled applying random forests and ordinary kriging of the model residuals. The results indicate that the occurrence of the humus form classes Mull, Mullmoder, Moder, Amphi and Eroded Moder generally depends on the topographical position. Local-scale patterns are mostly related to micro-topography (local accumulation and erosion sites) and ground cover, whereas slope-scale patterns are mainly connected with slope exposure and elevation. Patterns at the landscape scale show a rather irregular distribution, as spatial models at this scale do not account for local to slope-scale variations of humus forms. Moreover, models at the slope scale perform distinctly better than at the landscape scale. In conclusion, the results of this study highlight that landscape-scale predictions of humus forms should be accompanied by local- and slope-scale studies in order to enhance the general understanding of humus form patterns.
KW  - soil organic matter decomposition
KW  - spatial modeling
KW  - random forest
KW  - multi-scale analysis
KW  - forest soils
KW  - Italian Alps
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010048
SN  - 2071-1050
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Barbosa, Luis Romero
A1  - de Lira, Nicholas Borges
A1  - Rabelo Coelho, Victor Hugo
A1  - Bernard Passerat de Silans, Alain Marie
A1  - Gadelha, Andre Nobrega
A1  - Almeida, Cristiano das Neves
T1  - Stability of Soil Moisture Patterns Retrieved at Different Temporal Resolutions in a Tropical Watershed
JF  - Revista brasileira de ciencias do solo
N2  - Above and underground hydrological processes depend on soil moisture (SM) variability, driven by different environmental factors that seldom are well-monitored, leading to a misunderstanding of soil water temporal patterns. This study investigated the stability of the SM temporal dynamics to different monitoring temporal resolutions around the border between two soil types in a tropical watershed. Four locations were instrumented in a small-scale watershed (5.84 km(2)) within the tropical coast of Northeast Brazil, encompassing different soil types (Espodossolo Humiluvico or Carbic Podzol, and Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo or Haplic Acrisol), land covers (Atlantic Forest, bush vegetation, and grassland) and topographies (flat and moderate slope). The SM was monitored at a temporal resolution of one hour along the 2013-2014 hydrological year and then resampled a resolutions of 6 h, 12 h, 1 day, 2 days, 4 days, 7 days, and 15 days. Descriptive statistics, temporal variability, time-stability ranking, and hierarchical clustering revealed uneven associations among SM time components. The results show that the time-invariant component ruled SM temporal variability over the time-varying parcel, either at high or low temporal resolutions. Time-steps longer than 2 days affected the mean statistical metrics of the SM time-variant parcel. Additionally, SM at downstream and upstream sites behaved differently, suggesting that the temporal mean was regulated by steady soil properties (slope, restrictive layer, and soil texture), whereas their temporal anomalies were driven by climate (rainfall) and hydrogeological (groundwater level) factors. Therefore, it is concluded that around the border between tropical soil types, the distinct behaviour of time-variant and time-invariant components of SM time series reflects different combinations of their soil properties.
KW  - soil moisture variability
KW  - time-domain reflectometry
KW  - temporal resolution
KW  - Carbic Podzol
KW  - Haplic Acrisol
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20180236
SN  - 0100-0683
VL  - 43
PB  - Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo
CY  - Vicosa
ER  -