TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zorn, Edgar Ulrich
A1  - Le Corvec, Nicolas
A1  - Varley, Nick R.
A1  - Salzer, Jacqueline T.
A1  - Walter, Thomas R.
A1  - Navarro-Ochoa, Carlos
A1  - Vargas-Bracamontes, Dulce M.
A1  - Thiele, Samuel T.
A1  - Arámbula Mendoza, Raúl
T1  - Load stress controls on directional lava dome growth at Volcan de Colima, Mexico
JF  - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2  - During eruptive activity of andesitic stratovolcanoes, the extrusion of lava domes, their collapse and intermittent explosions are common volcanic hazards. Many lava domes grow in a preferred direction, in turn affecting the direction of lava flows and pyroclastic density currents. Access to active lava domes is difficult and hazardous, so detailed data characterizing lava dome growth are typically limited, keeping the processes controlling the directionality of extrusions unclear. Here we combine TerraSAR-X satellite radar observations with high-resolution airborne photogrammetry to assess morphological changes, and perform finite element modeling to investigate the impact of loading stress on shallow magma ascent directions associated with lava dome extrusion and crater formation at Volcan de Colima, Mexico. The TerraSAR-X data, acquired in similar to 1-m resolution spotlight mode, enable us to derive a chronology of the eruptive processes from intensity-based time-lapse observations of the general crater and dome evolution. The satellite images are complemented by close-range airborne photos, processed by the Structure-from-Motion workflow. This allows the derivation of high-resolution digital elevation models, providing insight into detailed loading and unloading features. During the observation period from Jan-2013 to Feb-2016, we identify a dominantly W-directed dome growth and lava flow production until Jan-2015. In Feb-2015, following the removal of the active summit dome, the surface crater widened and elongated along a NE-SW axis. Later in May-2015, a new dome grew toward the SW of the crater while a separate vent developed in the NE of the crater, reflecting a change in the direction of magma ascent and possible conduit bifurcation. Finite element models show a significant stress change in agreement with the observed magma ascent direction changes in response to the changing surface loads, both for loading (dome growth) and unloading (crater forming excavation) cases. These results allow insight into shallow dome growth dynamics and the migration of magma ascent in response to changing volcano summit morphology. They further highlight the importance of detailed volcano summit morphology surveillance, as changes in direction or location of dome extrusion may have major implications regarding the directions of potential volcanic hazards, such as pyroclastic density currents generated by dome collapse.
KW  - lava dome
KW  - load stress
KW  - Volcan de Colima
KW  - TerraSAR-X
KW  - photogrammetry
KW  - finite element modeling
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00084
SN  - 2296-6463
VL  - 7
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hein, Johannes
A1  - Barnickel, Katja
T1  - Replication of R-pronouns in German dialects
JF  - Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft : ZS
N2  - A considerable number of German dialects exhibit doubled R-pronouns with pronominal adverbs (dadamit, dadafur, dadagegen). At first sight, this type of in situ replication seems to be completely redundant since its occurrence is independent of R-pronoun extraction/movement. The main purpose of this paper is to account for (i) the difference between dialects with regard to replication of R-pronouns and (ii) why an (apparently redundant) process of replication occurs. Following Muller (2000a), who considers R-pronouns to be a repair phenomenon, we present an analysis in the framework of Optimality Theory. We argue that replication of R-pronouns is a consequence of different rankings of universal requirements like e.g. the Inclusiveness Condition, the Lexical Integrity Hypothesis and Antilocality and that the interaction of these constraints results in the occurrence of replication.
KW  - R-pronouns
KW  - Optimality Theory
KW  - doubling
KW  - German
KW  - dialectal variation
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2018-0009
SN  - 0721-9067
SN  - 1613-3706
VL  - 37
IS  - 2
SP  - 171
EP  - 204
PB  - De Gruyter Mouton
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Böhne, Sebastian
A1  - Kreitz, Christoph
T1  - Learning how to prove
BT  - from the coq proof assistant to textbook style
T2  - Electronic proceedings in theoretical computer science
N2  - We have developed an alternative approach to teaching computer science students how to prove. First, students are taught how to prove theorems with the Coq proof assistant. In a second, more difficult, step students will transfer their acquired skills to the area of textbook proofs. In this article we present a realisation of the second step. Proofs in Coq have a high degree of formality while textbook proofs have only a medium one. Therefore our key idea is to reduce the degree of formality from the level of Coq to textbook proofs in several small steps. For that purpose we introduce three proof styles between Coq and textbook proofs, called line by line comments, weakened line by line comments, and structure faithful proofs. While this article is mostly conceptional we also report on experiences with putting our approach into practise.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4204/EPTCS.267.1
SN  - 2075-2180
IS  - 267
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
PB  - Open Publishing Association
CY  - Sydney
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller, Katharina
A1  - Foerstendorf, Harald
A1  - Steudtner, Robin
A1  - Tsushima, Satoru
A1  - Kumke, Michael Uwe
A1  - Lefèvre, Grégory
A1  - Rothe, Jörg
A1  - Mason, Harris
A1  - Szabó, Zoltán
A1  - Yang, Ping
A1  - Adam, Christian K. R.
A1  - André, Rémi
A1  - Brennenstuhl, Katlen
A1  - Chiorescu, Ion
A1  - Cho, Herman M.
A1  - Creff, Gaëlle
A1  - Coppin, Frédéric
A1  - Dardenne, Kathy
A1  - Den Auwer, Christophe
A1  - Drobot, Björn
A1  - Eidner, Sascha
A1  - Hess, Nancy J.
A1  - Kaden, Peter
A1  - Kremleva, Alena
A1  - Kretzschmar, Jerome
A1  - Krüger, Sven
A1  - Platts, James A.
A1  - Panak, Petra
A1  - Polly, Robert
A1  - Powell, Brian A.
A1  - Rabung, Thomas
A1  - Redon, Roland
A1  - Reiller, Pascal E.
A1  - Rösch, Notker
A1  - Rossberg, André
A1  - Scheinost, Andreas C.
A1  - Schimmelpfennig, Bernd
A1  - Schreckenbach, Georg
A1  - Skerencak-Frech, Andrej
A1  - Sladkov, Vladimir
A1  - Solari, Pier Lorenzo
A1  - Wang, Zheming
A1  - Washton, Nancy M.
A1  - Zhang, Xiaobin
T1  - Interdisciplinary Round-Robin Test on molecular spectroscopy of the U(VI) Acetate System
JF  - ACS omega / American Chemical Society
N2  - A comprehensive molecular analysis of a simple aqueous complexing system. U(VI) acetate. selected to be independently investigated by various spectroscopic (vibrational, luminescence, X-ray absorption, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and quantum chemical methods was achieved by an international round-robin test (RRT). Twenty laboratories from six different countries with a focus on actinide or geochemical research participated and contributed to this scientific endeavor. The outcomes of this RRT were considered on two levels of complexity: first, within each technical discipline, conformities as well as discrepancies of the results and their sources were evaluated. The raw data from the different experimental approaches were found to be generally consistent. In particular, for complex setups such as accelerator-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy, the agreement between the raw data was high. By contrast, luminescence spectroscopic data turned out to be strongly related to the chosen acquisition parameters. Second, the potentials and limitations of coupling various spectroscopic and theoretical approaches for the comprehensive study of actinide molecular complexes were assessed. Previous spectroscopic data from the literature were revised and the benchmark data on the U(VI) acetate system provided an unambiguous molecular interpretation based on the correlation of spectroscopic and theoretical results. The multimethodologic approach and the conclusions drawn address not only important aspects of actinide spectroscopy but particularly general aspects of modern molecular analytical chemistry.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00164
SN  - 2470-1343
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
SP  - 8167
EP  - 8177
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Asgarimehr, Milad
A1  - Wickert, Jens
A1  - Reich, Sebastian
T1  - Evaluating impact of rain attenuation on space-borne GNSS reflectometry wind speeds
JF  - Remote Sensing
N2  - The novel space-borne Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) technique has recently shown promise in monitoring the ocean state and surface wind speed with high spatial coverage and unprecedented sampling rate. The L-band signals of GNSS are structurally able to provide a higher quality of observations from areas covered by dense clouds and under intense precipitation, compared to those signals at higher frequencies from conventional ocean scatterometers. As a result, studying the inner core of cyclones and improvement of severe weather forecasting and cyclone tracking have turned into the main objectives of GNSS-R satellite missions such as Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS). Nevertheless, the rain attenuation impact on GNSS-R wind speed products is not yet well documented. Evaluating the rain attenuation effects on this technique is significant since a small change in the GNSS-R can potentially cause a considerable bias in the resultant wind products at intense wind speeds. Based on both empirical evidence and theory, wind speed is inversely proportional to derived bistatic radar cross section with a natural logarithmic relation, which introduces high condition numbers (similar to ill-posed conditions) at the inversions to high wind speeds. This paper presents an evaluation of the rain signal attenuation impact on the bistatic radar cross section and the derived wind speed. This study is conducted simulating GNSS-R delay-Doppler maps at different rain rates and reflection geometries, considering that an empirical data analysis at extreme wind intensities and rain rates is impossible due to the insufficient number of observations from these severe conditions. Finally, the study demonstrates that at a wind speed of 30 m/s and incidence angle of 30 degrees, rain at rates of 10, 15, and 20 mm/h might cause overestimation as large as approximate to 0.65 m/s (2%), 1.00 m/s (3%), and 1.3 m/s (4%), respectively, which are still smaller than the CYGNSS required uncertainty threshold. The simulations are conducted in a pessimistic condition (severe continuous rainfall below the freezing height and over the entire glistening zone) and the bias is expected to be smaller in size in real environments.
KW  - GNSS Reflectometry
KW  - wind speed
KW  - rain effect
KW  - rain attenuation
KW  - DDM simulation
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091048
SN  - 2072-4292
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Park, Jungsu
A1  - Batalla, Ramon J.
A1  - Birgand, Francois
A1  - Esteves, Michel
A1  - Gentile, Francesco
A1  - Harrington, Joseph R.
A1  - Navratil, Oldrich
A1  - Lopez-Tarazon, José Andrés
A1  - Vericat, Damia
T1  - Influences of Catchment and River Channel Characteristics on the Magnitude and Dynamics of Storage and Re-Suspension of Fine Sediments in River Beds
JF  - Water
N2  - Fine particles or sediments are one of the important variables that should be considered for the proper management of water quality and aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the effect of catchment characteristics on the performance of an already developed model for the estimation of fine sediments dynamics between the water column and sediment bed was tested, using 13 catchments distributed worldwide. The model was calibrated to determine two optimal model parameters. The first is the filtration parameter, which represents the filtration of fine sediments through pores of the stream bed during the recession period of a flood event. The second parameter is the bed erosion parameter that represents the active layer, directly related to the re-suspension of fine sediments during a flood event. A dependency of the filtration parameter with the catchment area was observed in catchments smaller than 100 km(2), whereas no particular relationship was observed for larger catchments (>100 km(2)). In contrast, the bed erosion parameter does not show a noticeable dependency with the area or other environmental characteristics. The model estimated the mass of fine sediments released from the sediment bed to the water column during flood events in the 13 catchments within 23% bias.
KW  - bed erosion
KW  - catchment area
KW  - filtration
KW  - sediment accumulation
KW  - sediment bed fluidization
KW  - sediment re-suspension
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/w11050878
SN  - 2073-4441
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rusak, James A.
A1  - Tanentzap, Andrew J.
A1  - Klug, Jennifer L.
A1  - Rose, Kevin C.
A1  - Hendricks, Susan P.
A1  - Jennings, Eleanor
A1  - Laas, Alo
A1  - Pierson, Donald C.
A1  - Ryder, Elizabeth
A1  - Smyth, Robyn L.
A1  - White, D. S.
A1  - Winslow, Luke A.
A1  - Adrian, Rita
A1  - Arvola, Lauri
A1  - de Eyto, Elvira
A1  - Feuchtmayr, Heidrun
A1  - Honti, Mark
A1  - Istvanovics, Vera
A1  - Jones, Ian D.
A1  - McBride, Chris G.
A1  - Schmidt, Silke Regina
A1  - Seekell, David
A1  - Staehr, Peter A.
A1  - Guangwei, Zhu
T1  - Wind and trophic status explain within and among-lake variability of algal biomass
JF  - Limnology and oceanography letters / ASLO, Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography
N2  - Phytoplankton biomass and production regulates key aspects of freshwater ecosystems yet its variability and subsequent predictability is poorly understood. We estimated within-lake variation in biomass using high-frequency chlorophyll fluorescence data from 18 globally distributed lakes. We tested how variation in fluorescence at monthly, daily, and hourly scales was related to high-frequency variability of wind, water temperature, and radiation within lakes as well as productivity and physical attributes among lakes. Within lakes, monthly variation dominated, but combined daily and hourly variation were equivalent to that expressed monthly. Among lakes, biomass variability increased with trophic status while, within-lake biomass variation increased with increasing variability in wind speed. Our results highlight the benefits of high-frequency chlorophyll monitoring and suggest that predicted changes associated with climate, as well as ongoing cultural eutrophication, are likely to substantially increase the temporal variability of algal biomass and thus the predictability of the services it provides.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10093
SN  - 2378-2242
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
SP  - 409
EP  - 418
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Menzel, Ralf
A1  - Heuer, Axel
A1  - Milonni, Peter W.
T1  - Entanglement, Complementarity, and Vacuum Fields in Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion
JF  - Atoms
N2  - Using two crystals for spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a parallel setup, we observe two-photon interference with high visibility. The high visibility is consistent with complementarity and the absence of which-path information. The observations are explained as the effects of entanglement or equivalently in terms of interfering probability amplitudes and also by the calculation of a second-order field correlation function in the Heisenberg picture. The latter approach brings out explicitly the role of the vacuum fields in the down-conversion at the crystals and in the photon coincidence counting. For comparison, we show that the Hong-Ou-Mandel dip can be explained by the same approach in which the role of the vacuum signal and idler fields, as opposed to entanglement involving vacuum states, is emphasized. We discuss the fundamental limitations of a theory in which these vacuum fields are treated as classical, stochastic fields.
KW  - complementarity
KW  - vacuum fields
KW  - entanglement
KW  - Hong-Ou-Mandel effect
KW  - spontaneous parametric down-conversion
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms7010027
SN  - 2218-2004
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sroka, Pavel
A1  - Godunko, Roman J.
A1  - Rutschmann, Sereina
A1  - Angeli, Kamila B.
A1  - Salles, Frederico F.
A1  - Gattolliat, Jean-Luc
T1  - A new species of Bungona in Turkey (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)
BT  - an unexpected biogeographic pattern within a pantropical complex of mayflies
JF  - Zoosytematics and evolution
N2  - By using an integrative approach, we describe a new species of mayfly, Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n., from Turkey. The discovery of a representative of the tropical mayfly genus Bungona in the Middle East is rather unexpected. The new species shows all the main morphological characters of the subgenus Chopralla, which has its closest related species occurring in southeastern Asia. Barcoding clearly indicated that the new species represents an independent lineage isolated for a very long time from other members of the complex. The claw is equipped with two rows of three or four flattened denticles. This condition is a unique feature of Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n. among West Palaearctic mayfly species. Within the subgenus Chopralla, the species can be identified by the presence of a simple, not bifid right prostheca (also present only in Bungona (Chopralla) liebenauae (Soldan, Braasch & Muu, 1987)), the shape of the labial palp, and the absence of protuberances on pronotum.
KW  - Biogeography
KW  - Cloeodes complex
KW  - Chopralla
KW  - integrative taxonomy
KW  - Middle East
KW  - new species
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.29487
SN  - 1860-0743
VL  - 95
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Pensoft Publ.
CY  - Sofia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stich, Daniel
A1  - Martin, Rosa
A1  - Morales, Jose
A1  - Lopez-Comino, Jose Angel
A1  - Mancilla, Flor de Lis
T1  - Slip partitioning in the 2016 Alboran Sea earthquake sequence (western Mediterranean)
JF  - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2  - AM(W)= 5.1 earthquake on January 21st, 2016 marked the beginning of a significant seismic sequence in the southern Alboran Sea, culminating in aM(W)= 6.3 earthquake on January 25th, and continuing with further moderate magnitude earthquakes until March. We use data from 35 seismic broadband stations in Spain, Morocco and Portugal to relocate the seismicity, estimate seismic moment tensors, and isolate regional apparent source time functions for the main earthquake. Relocation and regional moment tensor inversion consistently yield very shallow depths for the majority of events. We obtain 50 moment tensors for the sequence, showing a mixture of strike-slip faulting for the foreshock and the main event and reverse faulting for the major aftershocks. The leading role of reverse focal mechanisms among the aftershocks may be explained by the geometry of the fault network. The mainshock nucleates at a bend along the left-lateral Al-Idrisi fault, introducing local transpression within the transtensional Alboran Basin. The shallow depths of the 2016 Alboran Sea earthquakes may favor slip-partitioning on the involved faults. Apparent source durations for the main event suggest a similar to 21 km long, asymmetric rupture that propagates primarily toward NE into the restraining fault segment, with fast rupture speed of similar to 3.0 km/s. Consistently, the inversion for laterally variable fault displacement situates the main slip in the restraining segment. The partitioning into strike-slip rupture and dip-slip aftershocks confirms a non-optimal orientation of this segment, and suggests that the 2016 event settled a slip deficit from previous ruptures that could not propagate into the stronger restraining segment.
KW  - slip partitioning
KW  - fault bend
KW  - moment tensor
KW  - source time function
KW  - shallow earthquakes
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.587356
SN  - 2296-6463
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sperlich, Eric
A1  - Kelling, Alexandra
A1  - Kwesiga, George
A1  - Schmidt, Bernd
T1  - Intermolecular interactions in the solid-state structures of isoflavones
BT  - the relationship between supramolecular structure, torsion angle, and macroscopic properties
JF  - CrystEngComm / The Royal Society of Chemistry
N2  - The molecular structures of three closely related isoflavones have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and have been analysed by geometry matching with the CSD, Hirshfeld surface analysis and analysis of stacking interactions with the Aromatic Analyser program (CSD). The formation of the supramolecular structure by non-covalent interactions was studied and substantial differences in the macroscopic properties e.g., the solubility, were correlated with hydrogen bonding and pi-stacking interactions. Moreover, a correlation between the supramolecular structure, the torsion angle (between benzopyran group and aryl group), and macroscopic properties was determined in the three compounds.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ce00169a
SN  - 1466-8033
VL  - 24
IS  - 26
SP  - 4731
EP  - 4739
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Crisologo, Irene
A1  - Heistermann, Maik
T1  - Using ground radar overlaps to verify the retrieval of calibration bias estimates from spaceborne platforms
JF  - Atmospheric measurement techniques : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - Many institutions struggle to tap into the potential of their large archives of radar reflectivity: these data are often affected by miscalibration, yet the bias is typically unknown and temporally volatile. Still, relative calibration techniques can be used to correct the measurements a posteriori. For that purpose, the usage of spaceborne reflectivity observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) platforms has become increasingly popular: the calibration bias of a ground radar (GR) is estimated from its average reflectivity difference to the spaceborne radar (SR). Recently, Crisologo et al. (2018) introduced a formal procedure to enhance the reliability of such estimates: each match between SR and GR observations is assigned a quality index, and the calibration bias is inferred as a quality-weighted average of the differences between SR and GR. The relevance of quality was exemplified for the Subic S-band radar in the Philippines, which is greatly affected by partial beam blockage. The present study extends the concept of quality-weighted averaging by accounting for path-integrated attenuation (PIA) in addition to beam blockage. This extension becomes vital for radars that operate at the C or X band. Correspondingly, the study setup includes a C-band radar that substantially overlaps with the S-band radar. Based on the extended quality-weighting approach, we retrieve, for each of the two ground radars, a time series of calibration bias estimates from suitable SR overpasses. As a result of applying these estimates to correct the ground radar observations, the consistency between the ground radars in the region of overlap increased substantially. Furthermore, we investigated if the bias estimates can be interpolated in time, so that ground radar observations can be corrected even in the absence of prompt SR overpasses. We found that a moving average approach was most suitable for that purpose, although limited by the absence of explicit records of radar maintenance operations.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-645-2020
SN  - 1867-1381
SN  - 1867-8548
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
SP  - 645
EP  - 659
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pauly, Dennis Nikolas
A1  - Nottbusch, Guido
T1  - The Influence of the German Capitalization Rules on Reading
JF  - Frontiers in Communication
N2  - German orthography systematically marks all nouns (even other nominalized word classes) by capitalizing their first letter. It is often claimed that readers benefit from the uppercase-letter syntactic and semantic information, which makes the processing of sentences easier (e.g., Bock et al., 1985, 1989). In order to test this hypothesis, we asked 54 German readers to read single sentences systematically manipulated by a target word (N). In the experimental condition (EXP), we used semantic priming (in the following example: sick -> cold) in order to build up a strong expectation of a noun, which was actually an attribute for the following noun (N+1) (translated to English e.g., "The sick writer had a cold (N) nose (N+1) ..."). The sentences in the control condition were built analogously, but word N was purposefully altered (keeping word length and frequency constant) to make its interpretation as a noun extremely unlikely (e.g., "The sick writer had a blue (N) nose (N+1) ..."). In both conditions, the sentences were presented either following German standard orthography (Cap) or in lowercase spelling (NoCap). The capitalized nouns in the EXP/Cap condition should then prevent garden-path parsing, as capital letters can be recognized parafoveally. However, in the EXP/NoCap condition, we expected a garden-path effect on word N+1 affecting first-pass fixations and the number of regressions, as the reader realizes that word N is instead an adjective. As the control condition does not include a garden-path, we expected to find (small) effects of the violation of the orthographic rule in the CON/NoCap condition, but no garden-path effect. As a global result, it can be stated that reading sentences in which nouns are not marked by a majuscule slows a native German reader down significantly, but from an absolute point of view, the effect is small. Compared with other manipulations (e.g., transpositions or substitutions), a lowercase letter still represents the correct allograph in the correct position without affecting phonology. Furthermore, most German readers do have experience with other alphabetic writing systems that lack consistent noun capitalization, and in (private) digital communication lowercase nouns are quite common. Although our garden-path sentences did not show the desired effect, we found an indication of grammatical pre-processing enabled by the majuscule in the regularly spelled sentences: In the case of high noun frequency, we post hoc located parafovea-on-fovea effects, i.e., longer fixation durations, on the attributive adjective (word N). These benefits of capitalization could only be detected under specific circumstances. In other cases, we conclude that longer reading durations are mainly the result of disturbance in readers' habituation when the expected capitalization is missing.
KW  - orthography
KW  - eye-tracking
KW  - reading
KW  - noun
KW  - parafoveal and foveal
KW  - processing
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2020.00015
SN  - 2297-900X
VL  - 5
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Essl, Franz
A1  - Dawson, Wayne
A1  - Kreft, Holger
A1  - Pergl, Jan
A1  - Pysek, Petr
A1  - van Kleunen, Mark
A1  - Weigelt, Patrick
A1  - Mang, Thomas
A1  - Dullinger, Stefan
A1  - Lenzner, Bernd
A1  - Moser, Dietmar
A1  - Maurel, Noelie
A1  - Seebens, Hanno
A1  - Stein, Anke
A1  - Weber, Ewald
A1  - Chatelain, Cyrille
A1  - Inderjit, 
A1  - Genovesi, Piero
A1  - Kartesz, John
A1  - Morozova, Olga
A1  - Nishino, Misako
A1  - Nowak, Pauline M.
A1  - Pagad, Shyama
A1  - Shu, Wen-sheng
A1  - Winter, Marten
T1  - Drivers of the relative richness of naturalized and invasive plant species on Earth
JF  - AoB PLANTS
N2  - Biological invasions are a defining feature of the Anthropocene, but the factors that determine the spatially uneven distribution of alien plant species are still poorly understood. Here, we present the first global analysis of the effects of biogeographic factors, the physical environment and socio-economy on the richness of naturalized and invasive alien plants. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models and variation partitioning to disentangle the relative importance of individual factors, and, more broadly, of biogeography, physical environment and socio-economy. As measures of the magnitude of permanent anthropogenic additions to the regional species pool and of species with negative environmental impacts, we calculated the relative richness of naturalized (= RRN) and invasive (= RRI) alien plant species numbers adjusted for the number of native species in 838 terrestrial regions. Socio-economic factors (per-capita gross domestic product (GDP), population density, proportion of agricultural land) were more important in explaining RRI (similar to 50 % of the explained variation) than RRN (similar to 40 %). Warm-temperate and (sub)tropical regions have higher RRN than tropical or cooler regions. We found that socio-economic pressures are more relevant for invasive than for naturalized species richness. The expectation that the southern hemisphere is more invaded than the northern hemisphere was confirmed only for RRN on islands, but not for mainland regions nor for RRI. On average, islands have similar to 6-fold RRN, and >3-fold RRI compared to mainland regions. Eighty-two islands (=26 % of all islands) harbour more naturalized alien than native plants. Our findings challenge the widely held expectation that socio-economic pressures are more relevant for plant naturalization than for invasive plants. To meet international biodiversity targets and halt the detrimental consequences of plant invasions, it is essential to disrupt the connection between socio-economic development and plant invasions by improving pathway management, early detection and rapid response.
KW  - Alien species richness
KW  - biogeography
KW  - invasion stages
KW  - islands
KW  - pressures
KW  - vascular plants
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plz051
SN  - 2041-2851
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - López de Guereñu, Anna
A1  - Bastian, Philipp
A1  - Wessig, Pablo
A1  - John, Leonard
A1  - Kumke, Michael Uwe
T1  - Energy Transfer between Tm-Doped Upconverting Nanoparticles and a Small Organic Dye with Large Stokes Shift
JF  - Biosensors : open access journal
N2  - Lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNP) are being extensively studied for bioapplications due to their unique photoluminescence properties and low toxicity. Interest in RET applications involving UCNP is also increasing, but due to factors such as large sizes, ion emission distributions within the particles, and complicated energy transfer processes within the UCNP, there are still many questions to be answered. In this study, four types of core and core-shell NaYF4-based UCNP co-doped with Yb3+ and Tm3+ as sensitizer and activator, respectively, were investigated as donors for the Methyl 5-(8-decanoylbenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d ']bis([1,3]dioxole)-4-yl)-5-oxopentanoate (DBD-6) dye. The possibility of resonance energy transfer (RET) between UCNP and the DBD-6 attached to their surface was demonstrated based on the comparison of luminescence intensities, band ratios, and decay kinetics. The architecture of UCNP influenced both the luminescence properties and the energy transfer to the dye: UCNP with an inert shell were the brightest, but their RET efficiency was the lowest (17%). Nanoparticles with Tm3+ only in the shell have revealed the highest RET efficiencies (up to 51%) despite the compromised luminescence due to surface quenching.
KW  - resonance energy transfer
KW  - DBD dye
KW  - core shell UCNP
KW  - time-resolved luminescence
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios9010009
SN  - 2079-6374
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Beermann, Jan
A1  - Westbury, Michael V.
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
A1  - Hilgers, Leon
A1  - Deister, Fabian
A1  - Neumann, Hermann
A1  - Raupach, Michael J.
T1  - Cryptic species in a well-known habitat
BT  - applying taxonomics to the amphipod genus Epimeria (Crustacea, Peracarida)
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - Taxonomy plays a central role in biological sciences. It provides a communication system for scientists as it aims to enable correct identification of the studied organisms. As a consequence, species descriptions should seek to include as much available information as possible at species level to follow an integrative concept of 'taxonomics'. Here, we describe the cryptic species Epimeria frankei sp. nov. from the North Sea, and also redescribe its sister species, Epimeria cornigera. The morphological information obtained is substantiated by DNA barcodes and complete nuclear 18S rRNA gene sequences. In addition, we provide, for the first time, full mitochondrial genome data as part of a metazoan species description for a holotype, as well as the neotype. This study represents the first successful implementation of the recently proposed concept of taxonomics, using data from high-throughput technologies for integrative taxonomic studies, allowing the highest level of confidence for both biodiversity and ecological research.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25225-x
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 8
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sanchez Garcia, Maria Clemencia
T1  - Las unidades fraseológicas del parlache como elementos evocadores de la oralidad ficcional en la novela Rosario Tijeras, de Jorge Franco y su traducción al alemán
T1  - Phraseological units of the parlache as evocative elements of the fictional orality in the German translation of Jorge Franco’s 'Rosario Tijeras'
JF  - Lingüística y literatura
N2  - Este estudioanalizócómose evoca la oralidad ficcional en  la novela Rosario Tijerasa través de la variación lingüística. Para ello, se analizóun corpus de veinteunidades fraseológicas presentes en la novela y su traducción al alemán. En esta novela negra, el autor recurrióa un lenguaje coloquial llamado parlache. Este artículo, por tanto,se pretenderá establecer cómo estas  unidades fraseológicas típicas del parlachecontribuyerona  la construcción de un diálogo hablado verosímil, además de determinar las divergencias de traducción y profundizar en la descripción de la variación lingüística a través de las unidades fraseológicas.
N2  - This study analysed how fictive orality is evoked, through linguistic variation, in the novel Rosario Tijeras, through a corpus analysis of 20 phraseological units belonging to the novel and their German translation. In this thriller, Franco used a colloquial language called parlache. Thus, this article will attempt to establish how these parlache’s phraseological units contributed to the construction of a believable spoken dialogue and will also analyze translation divergences and the description of linguistic variation in literary translation.
KW  - oralidad ficcional
KW  - parlache
KW  - unidad fraseológica
KW  - variación lingüística
KW  - novela negra
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.lyl.n77a17
SN  - 0120-5587
SN  - 2422-3174
VL  - 41
IS  - 77
SP  - 385
EP  - 409
PB  - Universidad de Antioquia
CY  - Medellín
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maoutsa, Dimitra
A1  - Reich, Sebastian
A1  - Opper, Manfred
T1  - Interacting particle solutions of Fokker–Planck equations through gradient–log–density estimation
JF  - Entropy
N2  - Fokker-Planck equations are extensively employed in various scientific fields as they characterise the behaviour of stochastic systems at the level of probability density functions. Although broadly used, they allow for analytical treatment only in limited settings, and often it is inevitable to resort to numerical solutions. Here, we develop a computational approach for simulating the time evolution of Fokker-Planck solutions in terms of a mean field limit of an interacting particle system. The interactions between particles are determined by the gradient of the logarithm of the particle density, approximated here by a novel statistical estimator. The performance of our method shows promising results, with more accurate and less fluctuating statistics compared to direct stochastic simulations of comparable particle number. Taken together, our framework allows for effortless and reliable particle-based simulations of Fokker-Planck equations in low and moderate dimensions. The proposed gradient-log-density estimator is also of independent interest, for example, in the context of optimal control.
KW  - stochastic systems
KW  - Fokker-Planck equation
KW  - interacting particles
KW  - multiplicative noise
KW  - gradient flow
KW  - stochastic differential equations
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/e22080802
SN  - 1099-4300
VL  - 22
IS  - 8
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krasotkina, Anna
A1  - Götz, Antonia
A1  - Höhle, Barbara
A1  - Schwarzer, Gudrun
T1  - Infants’ gaze patterns for same-race and other-race faces, and the other-race effect
JF  - Brain Sciences
N2  - The other-race effect (ORE) can be described as difficulties in discriminating between faces of ethnicities other than one's own, and can already be observed at approximately 9 months of age. Recent studies also showed that infants visually explore same-and other-race faces differently. However, it is still unclear whether infants' looking behavior for same- and other-race faces is related to their face discrimination abilities. To investigate this question we conducted a habituation-dishabituation experiment to examine Caucasian 9-month-old infants' gaze behavior, and their discrimination of same- and other-race faces, using eye-tracking measurements. We found that infants looked longer at the eyes of same-race faces over the course of habituation, as compared to other-race faces. After habituation, infants demonstrated a clear other-race effect by successfully discriminating between same-race faces, but not other-race faces. Importantly, the infants' ability to discriminate between same-race faces significantly correlated with their fixation time towards the eyes of same-race faces during habituation. Thus, our findings suggest that for infants old enough to begin exhibiting the ORE, gaze behavior during habituation is related to their ability to differentiate among same-race faces, compared to other-race faces.
KW  - eye-tracking
KW  - infancy
KW  - habituation
KW  - other-race effect
KW  - face
KW  - discrimination
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060331
SN  - 2076-3425
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
PB  - Brain Sciences
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lämke, Jörn
A1  - Bäurle, Isabel
T1  - Epigenetic and chromatin-based mechanisms in environmental stress adaptation and stress memory in plants
JF  - Genome biology : biology for the post-genomic era
N2  - Plants frequently have to weather both biotic and abiotic stressors, and have evolved sophisticated adaptation and defense mechanisms. In recent years, chromatin modifications, nucleosome positioning, and DNA methylation have been recognized as important components in these adaptations. Given their potential epigenetic nature, such modifications may provide a mechanistic basis for a stress memory, enabling plants to respond more efficiently to recurring stress or even to prepare their offspring for potential future assaults. In this review, we discuss both the involvement of chromatin in stress responses and the current evidence on somatic, intergenerational, and transgenerational stress memory.
KW  - remodeling atpase brahma
KW  - transcriptional memory
KW  - DNA methylation
KW  - transgenerational inheritance
KW  - acquired thermotolerance
KW  - Arabidopsis-thaliana
KW  - gene-expression
KW  - responses
KW  - protein
KW  - defense
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-017-1263-6
SN  - 1474-760X
VL  - 18
SP  - 8685
EP  - 8693
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Leimkühler, Silke
T1  - Transition metals in catalysis
BT  - the functional relationship of Fe-S clusters and molybdenum or tungsten cofactor-containing enzyme systems
JF  - Inorganics : open access journal
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics9010006
SN  - 2304-6740
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Perera, Upeksha
A1  - Böckmann, Christine
T1  - Solutions of Sturm-Liouville problems
JF  - Mathematics
N2  - This paper further improves the Lie group method with Magnus expansion proposed in a previous paper by the authors, to solve some types of direct singular Sturm-Liouville problems. Next, a concrete implementation to the inverse Sturm-Liouville problem algorithm proposed by Barcilon (1974) is provided. Furthermore, computational feasibility and applicability of this algorithm to solve inverse Sturm-Liouville problems of higher order (for n=2,4) are verified successfully. It is observed that the method is successful even in the presence of significant noise, provided that the assumptions of the algorithm are satisfied. In conclusion, this work provides a method that can be adapted successfully for solving a direct (regular/singular) or inverse Sturm-Liouville problem (SLP) of an arbitrary order with arbitrary boundary conditions.
KW  - Sturm-Liouville problems of higher order
KW  - singular Sturm-Liouville
KW  - problems
KW  - inverse Sturm-Liouville problems
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/math8112074
SN  - 2227-7390
VL  - 8
IS  - 11
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schenke, Maren
A1  - Schjeide, Brit-Maren
A1  - Püschel, Gerhard Paul
A1  - Seeger, Bettina
T1  - Analysis of motor neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells for the use in cell-based Botulinum neurotoxin activity assays
JF  - Toxins
N2  - Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are potent neurotoxins produced by bacteria, which inhibit neurotransmitter release, specifically in their physiological target known as motor neurons (MNs). For the potency assessment of BoNTs produced for treatment in traditional and aesthetic medicine, the mouse lethality assay is still used by the majority of manufacturers, which is ethically questionable in terms of the 3Rs principle. In this study, MNs were differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells based on three published protocols. The resulting cell populations were analyzed for their MN yield and their suitability for the potency assessment of BoNTs. MNs produce specific gangliosides and synaptic proteins, which are bound by BoNTs in order to be taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis, which is followed by cleavage of specific soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment receptor (SNARE) proteins required for neurotransmitter release. The presence of receptors and substrates for all BoNT serotypes was demonstrated in MNs generated in vitro. In particular, the MN differentiation protocol based on Du et al. yielded high numbers of MNs in a short amount of time with high expression of BoNT receptors and targets. The resulting cells are more sensitive to BoNT/A1 than the commonly used neuroblastoma cell line SiMa. MNs are, therefore, an ideal tool for being combined with already established detection methods.
KW  - Botulinum neurotoxin
KW  - motor neurons
KW  - cell-based in vitro assay
KW  - potency
KW  - assessment
KW  - induced pluripotent stem cells
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050276
SN  - 2072-6651
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kellis, Eleftherios
A1  - Ellinoudis, Athanasios
A1  - Intziegianni, Konstantina
A1  - Kofotolis, Nikolaos
T1  - Muscle thickness during core stability exercises in children and adults
JF  - Journal of human kinetics
N2  - Core stability exercises are regular part of exercise programs for asymptomatic individuals across ages. The purpose of this study was to examine deep abdominal and multifidus muscle thickness in children and adults and to determine reliability of the rehabilitative ultrasound (RUSI) imaging. Transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus thickness at rest and during core stability exercise were examined in pre-pubertal children (N = 23), adolescents (N = 20), young adults (N = 21) and middle-aged adults (N = 22). Thirty-nine participants were re-tested one week after to establish reliability. Muscle thickness at rest was lower in children and adolescents compared with young and middle-aged adults (p < 0.008). Young adults displayed the highest relative transversus abdominis thickness upon contraction (p < 0.008). Lumbar multfidus contraction thickness was greater in young-adults than middle-aged adults and prepubertal children (p < 0.008), but it was similar between young-adults and adolescents (p > 0.008). Reliability was high for both muscles (ICC3,3 = 0.76 - 0.99). The age-related differences in muscle thickness indicate that core stability exercises may be beneficial for children and middle-aged adults.
KW  - childhood
KW  - musculoskeletal ultrasound
KW  - repeatability
KW  - core exercise
KW  - core stability
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0079
SN  - 1640-5544
SN  - 1899-7562
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
SP  - 131
EP  - 144
PB  - Academy of Physical Education
CY  - Katowice
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wieczorek, Mareike
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - Compilation of relative pollen productivity (RPP) estimates and taxonomically harmonised RPP datasets for single continents and Northern Hemisphere extratropics
JF  - Earth system science data : ESSD
N2  - Relative pollen productivity (RPP) estimates are fractionate values, often in relation to Poaceae, that allow vegetation cover to be estimated from pollen counts with the help of models. RPP estimates are especially used in the scientific community in Europe and China, with a few studies in North America. Here we present a comprehensive compilation of available northern hemispheric RPP studies and their results arising from 51 publications with 60 sites and 131 taxa. This compilation allows scientists to identify data gaps in need of further RPP analyses but can also aid them in finding an RPP set for their study region. We also present a taxonomically harmonised, unified RPP dataset for the Northern Hemisphere and subsets for North America (including Greenland), Europe (including arctic Russia), and China, which we generated from the available studies. The unified dataset gives the mean RPP for 55 harmonised taxa as well as fall speeds, which are necessary to reconstruct vegetation cover from pollen counts and RPP values. Data are openly available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922661 (Wieczorek and Herzschuh, 2020).
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3515-2020
SN  - 1866-3508
SN  - 1866-3516
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
SP  - 3515
EP  - 3528
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Anders, Janet
A1  - Sait, Connor R. J.
A1  - Horsley, Simon A. R.
T1  - Quantum Brownian motion for magnets
JF  - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics
N2  - Spin precession in magnetic materials is commonly modelled with the classical phenomenological Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. Based on a quantized three-dimensional spin + environment Hamiltonian, we here derive a spin operator equation of motion that describes precession and includes a general form of damping that consistently accounts for memory, coloured noise and quantum statistics. The LLG equation is recovered as its classical, Ohmic approximation. We further introduce resonant Lorentzian system-reservoir couplings that allow a systematic comparison of dynamics between Ohmic and non-Ohmic regimes. Finally, we simulate the full non-Markovian dynamics of a spin in the semi-classical limit. At low temperatures, our numerical results demonstrate a characteristic reduction and flattening of the steady state spin alignment with an external field, caused by the quantum statistics of the environment. The results provide a powerful framework to explore general three-dimensional dissipation in quantum thermodynamics.
KW  - open quantum systems
KW  - coloured and quantum noise
KW  - memory effects
KW  - spin
KW  - dynamics
KW  - LLG equation
KW  - magnetisation
KW  - quantum thermodynamics
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac4ef2
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Trounson, Karl M.
A1  - Busch, Aglaja
A1  - Collier, Neil French
A1  - Robertson, Samuel
T1  - Effects of acute wearable resistance loading on overground running lower body kinematics
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Field-based sports require athletes to run sub-maximally over significant distances, often while contending with dynamic perturbations to preferred coordination patterns. The ability to adapt movement to maintain performance under such perturbations appears to be trainable through exposure to task variability, which encourages movement variability. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which various wearable resistance loading magnitudes alter coordination and induce movement variability during running. To investigate this, 14 participants (three female and 11 male) performed 10 sub-maximal velocity shuttle runs with either no weight, 1%, 3%, or 5% of body weight attached to the lower limbs. Sagittal plane lower limb joint kinematics from one complete stride cycle in each run were assessed using functional data analysis techniques, both across the participant group and within-individuals. At the group-level, decreases in ankle plantarflexion following toe-off were evident in the 3% and 5% conditions, while increased knee flexion occurred during weight acceptance in the 5% condition compared with unloaded running. At the individual-level, between-run joint angle profiles varied, with six participants exhibiting increased joint angle variability in one or more loading conditions compared with unloaded running. Loading of 5% decreased between-run ankle joint variability among two individuals, likely in accordance with the need to manage increased system load or the novelty of the task. In terms of joint coordination, the most considerable alterations to coordination occurred in the 5% loading condition at the hip-knee joint pair, however, only a minority of participants exhibited this tendency. Coaches should prescribe wearable resistance individually to perturb preferred coordination patterns and encourage movement variability without loading to the extent that movement options become limited.
KW  - movement patterns
KW  - external perturbations
KW  - australian football
KW  - performance
KW  - variability
KW  - coordination
KW  - freedom
KW  - leg
KW  - identification
KW  - adaptations
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244361
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 15
IS  - 12
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Francisco, California, US
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Natho, Stephanie
A1  - Tschikof, Martin
A1  - Bondar-Kunze, Elisabeth
A1  - Hein, Thomas
T1  - Modeling the effect of enhanced lateral connectivity on nutrient retention capacity in large river floodplains
BT  - how much connected floodplain do we need?
JF  - Frontiers in Environmental Science
N2  - Floodplains have been degraded in Central Europe for centuries, resulting in less dynamic and less diverse ecosystems than in the past. They provide essential ecosystem services like nutrient retention to improve overall water quality and thus fulfill naturally what EU legislation demands, but this service is impaired by reduced connectivity patterns. Along the second-longest river in Europe, the Danube, restoration measures have been carried out and are planned for the near future in the Austrian Danube Floodplain National Park in accordance with navigation purposes. We investigated nutrient retention capacity in seven currently differently connected side arms and the effects of proposed restoration measures using two complementary modeling approaches. We modeled nutrient retention capacity in two scenarios considering different hydrological conditions, as well as the consequences of planned restoration measures for side arm connectivity. With existing monitoring data on hydrology, nitrate, and total phosphorus concentrations for three side arms, we applied a statistical model and compared these results to a semi-empirical retention model. The latter was originally developed for larger scales, based on transferable causalities of retention processes and set up for this floodplain with publicly available data. Both model outcomes are in a comparable range for NO3-N (77-198 kg ha(-1)yr(-1)) and TP (1.4-5.7 kg ha(-1)yr(-1)) retention and agree in calculating higher retention in floodplains, where reconnection allows more frequent inundation events. However, the differences in the model results are significant for specific aspects especially during high flows, where the semi-empirical model complements the statistical model. On the other hand, the statistical model complements the semi-empirical model when taking into account nutrient retention at times of no connection between the remaining water bodies left in the floodplain. Overall, both models show clearly that nutrient retention in the Danube floodplains can be enhanced by restoring lateral hydrological reconnection and, for all planned measures, a positive effect on the overall water quality of the Danube River is expected. Still, a frequently hydrologically connected stretch of national park is insufficient to improve the water quality of the whole Upper Danube, and more functional floodplains are required.
KW  - floodplain
KW  - lateral hydrological connectivity
KW  - Danube
KW  - restoration
KW  - reconnection
KW  - inundation
KW  - nutrient retention
KW  - modeling
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00074
SN  - 2296-665X
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - López-Salas, Nieves
A1  - Albero, Josep
T1  - CxNy
BT  - new carbon nitride organic photocatalysts
JF  - Frontiers in Materials
N2  - The search for metal-free and visible light-responsive materials for photocatalytic applications has attracted the interest of not only academics but also the industry in the last decades. Since graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was first reported as a metal-free photocatalyst, this has been widely investigated in different light-driven reactions. However, the high recombination rate, low electrical conductivity, and lack of photoresponse in most of the visible range have elicited the search for alternatives. In this regard, a broad family of carbon nitride (CxNy) materials was anticipated several decades ago. However, the attention of the researchers in these materials has just been awakened in the last years due to the recent success in the syntheses of some of these materials (i.e., C3N3, C2N, C3N, and C3N5, among others), together with theoretical simulations pointing at the excellent physico-chemical properties (i.e., crystalline structure and chemical morphology, electronic configuration and semiconducting nature, or high refractive index and hardness, among others) and optoelectronic applications of these materials. The performance of CxNy, beyond C3N4, has been barely evaluated in real applications, including energy conversion, storage, and adsorption technologies, and further work must be carried out, especially experimentally, in order to confirm the high expectations raised by simulations and theoretical calculations. Herein, we have summarized the scarce literature related to recent results reporting the synthetic routes, structures, and performance of these materials as photocatalysts. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives at the forefront of this field using CxNy materials are disclosed. We aim to stimulate the research of this new generation of CxNy-based photocatalysts, beyond C3N4, with improved photocatalytic efficiencies by harnessing the striking structural, electronic, and optical properties of this new family of materials.
KW  - CXNY
KW  - carbon nitrides
KW  - C2N
KW  - C3N
KW  - C1N1
KW  - C3N5
KW  - photocatalysis
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2021.772200
SN  - 2296-8016
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Matthias, Katja
A1  - Rissling, Olesja
A1  - Pieper, Dawid Aleksander
A1  - Morche, Johannes
A1  - Nocon, Marc
A1  - Jacobs, Anja
A1  - Wegewitz, Uta Elke
A1  - Schirm, Jaqueline
A1  - Lorenz, Robert C.
T1  - The methodological quality of systematic reviews on the treatment of adult major depression needs improvement according to AMSTAR 2
BT  - a cross-sectional study
JF  - Heliyon
N2  - Background:
Several standards have been developed to assess methodological quality of systematic reviews (SR). One widely used tool is the AMSTAR. A recent update -AMSTAR 2 -is a 16 item evaluation tool that enables a detailed assessment of SR that include randomised (RCT) or non-randomised studies (NRS) of healthcare interventions. 

Methods:
A cross-sectional study of SR on pharmacological or psychological interventions in major depression in adults was conducted. SR published during 2012-2017 were sampled from MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of SR. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2. Potential predictive factors associated with quality were examined.

Results:
In rating overall confidence in the results of 60 SR four reviews were rated "high", two were "moderate", one was "low" and 53 were "critically low". The mean AMSTAR 2 percentage score was 45.3% (standard deviation 22.6%) in a wide range from 7.1% to 93.8%. Predictors of higher quality were: type of review (higher quality in Cochrane Reviews), SR including only randomized trials and higher journal impact factor.

Limitations:
AMSTAR 2 is not intended to be used for the generation of a percentage score.

Conclusions:
According to AMSTAR 2 the overall methodological quality of SR on the treatment of adult major depression needs improvement. Although there is a high need for summarized information in the field of mental health, this work demonstrates the need to critically assess SR before using their findings. Better adherence to established reporting guidelines for SR is needed.
KW  - public health
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - psychiatry
KW  - depression
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - medicine
KW  - AMSTAR 2
KW  - methodological quality
KW  - risk of bias
KW  - systematic
KW  - review
KW  - major depression
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04776
SN  - 2405-8440
VL  - 6
IS  - 9
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - London [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Ette, Ottmar
T1  - Alexander von Humboldt y América Latina
BT  - Introducción
T2  - Iberoamericana
N2  - Basándose en el conjunto de la obra humboldtiana, desde sus comienzos hasta el Cosmos, este dossier trata de destacar la orientación cosmopolita del sabio prusiano así como, sobre todo, el fundamento americano de sus enfoques. El continente americano, para Humboldt, representa la diversidad de lo pensable y la multirrelacionalidad de lo imaginable: la llave para entender su cosmovisión.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.18441/ibam.19.2019.70.7-8
SN  - 1577-3388
SN  - 2255-520X
VL  - 19
IS  - 70
SP  - 7
EP  - 8
PB  - Vervuert
CY  - Frankfurt am Main
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ette, Ottmar
T1  - Mi primera lectura académica
T1  - My first academic lecture
BT  - Mimesis, de Erich Auerbach
BT  - Mimesis by Erich Auerbach
JF  - Álabe : Revista de Investigación sobre Lectura y Escritura
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.15645/Alabe2020.22.13
SN  - 2171-9624
IS  - 22
PB  - Universidad de Almería
CY  - Almería
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wetzel, Maria
A1  - Kempka, Thomas
A1  - Kühn, Michael
T1  - Hydraulic and mechanical impacts of pore space alterations within a sandstone quantified by a flow velocity-dependent precipitation approach
JF  - Materials
N2  - Geochemical processes change the microstructure of rocks and thereby affect their physical behaviour at the macro scale. A micro-computer tomography (micro-CT) scan of a typical reservoir sandstone is used to numerically examine the impact of three spatial alteration patterns on pore morphology, permeability and elastic moduli by correlating precipitation with the local flow velocity magnitude. The results demonstrate that the location of mineral growth strongly affects the permeability decrease with variations by up to four orders in magnitude. Precipitation in regions of high flow velocities is characterised by a predominant clogging of pore throats and a drastic permeability reduction, which can be roughly described by the power law relation with an exponent of 20. A continuous alteration of the pore structure by uniform mineral growth reduces the permeability comparable to the power law with an exponent of four or the Kozeny-Carman relation. Preferential precipitation in regions of low flow velocities predominantly affects smaller throats and pores with a minor impact on the flow regime, where the permeability decrease is considerably below that calculated by the power law with an exponent of two. Despite their complete distinctive impact on hydraulics, the spatial precipitation patterns only slightly affect the increase in elastic rock properties with differences by up to 6.3% between the investigated scenarios. Hence, an adequate characterisation of the spatial precipitation pattern is crucial to quantify changes in hydraulic rock properties, whereas the present study shows that its impact on elastic rock parameters is limited. The calculated relations between porosity and permeability, as well as elastic moduli can be applied for upscaling micro-scale findings to reservoir-scale models to improve their predictive capabilities, what is of paramount importance for a sustainable utilisation of the geological subsurface.
KW  - Bentheim sandstone
KW  - digital rock physics
KW  - micro-CT
KW  - elastic properties
KW  - permeability
KW  - precipitation
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143100
SN  - 1996-1944
VL  - 13
IS  - 14
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wetzel, Maria
A1  - Kempka, Thomas
A1  - Kühn, Michael
T1  - Quantifying rock weakening due to decreasing calcite mineral content by numerical simulations
JF  - Materials
N2  - The quantification of changes in geomechanical properties due to chemical reactions is of paramount importance for geological subsurface utilisation, since mineral dissolution generally reduces rock stiffness. In the present study, the effective elastic moduli of two digital rock samples, the Fontainebleau and Bentheim sandstones, are numerically determined based on micro-CT images. Reduction in rock stiffness due to the dissolution of 10% calcite cement by volume out of the pore network is quantified for three synthetic spatial calcite distributions (coating, partial filling and random) using representative sub-cubes derived from the digital rock samples. Due to the reduced calcite content, bulk and shear moduli decrease by 34% and 38% in maximum, respectively. Total porosity is clearly the dominant parameter, while spatial calcite distribution has a minor impact, except for a randomly chosen cement distribution within the pore network. Moreover, applying an initial stiffness reduced by 47% for the calcite cement results only in a slightly weaker mechanical behaviour. Using the quantitative approach introduced here substantially improves the accuracy of predictions in elastic rock properties compared to general analytical methods, and further enables quantification of uncertainties related to spatial variations in porosity and mineral distribution.
KW  - digital rock physics
KW  - micro-CT
KW  - elastic properties
KW  - numerical simulation
KW  - chemical-mechanical interaction
KW  - Code_Aster
KW  - composite properties
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040542
SN  - 1996-1944
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marzetz, Vanessa
A1  - Spijkerman, Elly
A1  - Striebel, Maren
A1  - Wacker, Alexander
T1  - Phytoplankton community responses to interactions between light intensity, light variations, and phosphorus supply
JF  - Frontiers in Environmental Science
N2  - In a changing world, phytoplankton communities face a large variety of challenges including altered light regimes. These alterations are caused by more pronounced stratification due to rising temperatures, enhanced eutrophication, and browning of lakes. Community responses toward these effects can emerge as alterations in physiology, biomass, biochemical composition, or diversity. In this study, we addressed the combined effects of changes in light and nutrient conditions on community responses. In particular, we investigated how light intensity and variability under two nutrient conditions influence (1) fast responses such as adjustments in photosynthesis, (2) intermediate responses such as pigment adaptation and (3) slow responses such as changes in community biomass and species composition. Therefore, we exposed communities consisting of five phytoplankton species belonging to different taxonomic groups to two constant and two variable light intensity treatments combined with two levels of phosphorus supply. The tested phytoplankton communities exhibited increased fast reactions of photosynthetic processes to light variability and light intensity. The adjustment of their light harvesting mechanisms via community pigment composition was not affected by light intensity, variability, or nutrient supply. However, pigment specific effects of light intensity, light variability, and nutrient supply on the proportion of the respective pigments were detected. Biomass was positively affected by higher light intensity and nutrient concentrations while the direction of the effect of variability was modulated by light intensity. Light variability had a negative impact on biomass at low, but a positive impact at high light intensity. The effects on community composition were species specific. Generally, the proportion of green algae was higher under high light intensity, whereas the cyanobacterium performed better under low light conditions. In addition to that, the diatom and the cryptophyte performed better with high nutrient supply while the green algae as well as the cyanobacterium performed better at low nutrient conditions. This shows that light intensity, light variability, and nutrient supply interactively affect communities. Furthermore, the responses are highly species and pigment specific, thus to clarify the effects of climate change a deeper understanding of the effects of light variability and species interactions within communities is important.
KW  - phytoplankton communities
KW  - light variability
KW  - photosynthetic rate
KW  - climate change
KW  - resource competition
KW  - light intensity (irradiance)
KW  - pigment composition
KW  - nutrient supply
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.539733
SN  - 2296-665X
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Miklashevsky, Alex
A1  - Lindemann, Oliver
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - The force of numbers
BT  - Investigating manual signatures of embodied number processing
JF  - Frontiers in human neuroscience / Frontiers Research Foundation
N2  - The study has two objectives: (1) to introduce grip force recording as a new technique for studying embodied numerical processing; and (2) to demonstrate how three competing accounts of numerical magnitude representation can be tested by using this new technique: the Mental Number Line (MNL), A Theory of Magnitude (ATOM) and Embodied Cognition (finger counting-based) account. While 26 healthy adults processed visually presented single digits in a go/no-go n-back paradigm, their passive holding forces for two small sensors were recorded in both hands. Spontaneous and unconscious grip force changes related to number magnitude occurred in the left hand already 100-140 ms after stimulus presentation and continued systematically. Our results support a two-step model of number processing where an initial stage is related to the automatic activation of all stimulus properties whereas a later stage consists of deeper conscious processing of the stimulus. This interpretation generalizes previous work with linguistic stimuli and elaborates the timeline of embodied cognition. We hope that the use of grip force recording will advance the field of numerical cognition research.
KW  - ATOM
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - finger counting
KW  - grip force
KW  - mental number
KW  - line
KW  - number processing
KW  - numerical cognition
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.590508
SN  - 1662-5161
VL  - 14
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nakaten, Natalie Christine
A1  - Kempka, Thomas
T1  - Techno-Economic Comparison of Onshore and Offshore Underground Coal Gasification End-Product Competitiveness
JF  - Energies
N2  - Underground coal gasification (UCG) enables utilization of coal reserves, currently not economically exploitable due to complex geological boundary conditions. Hereby, UCG produces a high-calorific synthesis gas that can be used for generation of electricity, fuels, and chemical feedstock. The present study aims to identify economically-competitive, site-specific end-use options for onshore- and offshore-produced UCG synthesis gas, taking into account the capture and storage (CCS) and/or utilization (CCU) of produced CO2. Modeling results show that boundary conditions favoring electricity, methanol, and ammonia production expose low costs for air separation, low compression power requirements, and appropriate shares of H-2/N-2. Hereby, a gasification agent ratio of more than 30% oxygen by volume is not favorable from the economic and CO2 mitigation viewpoints. Compared to the costs of an offshore platform with its technical equipment, offshore drilling costs are marginal. Thus, uncertainties related to parameters influenced by drilling costs are negligible. In summary, techno-economic process modeling results reveal that air-blown gasification scenarios are the most cost-effective ones, while offshore UCG-CCS/CCU scenarios are up to 1.7 times more expensive than the related onshore processes. Hereby, all investigated onshore scenarios except from ammonia production under the assumed worst-case conditions are competitive on the European market.
KW  - underground coal gasification (UCG)
KW  - economics
KW  - cost of electricity (COE)
KW  - techno-economic model
KW  - methanol
KW  - ammonia
KW  - carbon capture and storage (CCS)
KW  - carbon capture and utilization (CCU)
KW  - electricity generation
KW  - process simulation
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/en12173252
SN  - 1996-1073
VL  - 12
IS  - 17
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cheng, Chaojie
A1  - Milsch, Harald
T1  - Evolution of fracture aperture in quartz sandstone under hydrothermal conditions
BT  - mechanical and chemical effects
JF  - Minerals
N2  - Fractures efficiently affect fluid flow in geological formations, and thereby determine mass and energy transport in reservoirs, which are not least exploited for economic resources. In this context, their response to mechanical and thermal changes, as well as fluid-rock interactions, is of paramount importance. In this study, a two-stage flow-through experiment was conducted on a pure quartz sandstone core of low matrix permeability, containing one single macroscopic tensile fracture. In the first short-term stage, the effects of mechanical and hydraulic aperture on pressure and temperature cycles were investigated. The purpose of the subsequent intermittent-flow long-term (140 days) stage was to constrain the evolution of the geometrical and hydraulic fracture properties resulting from pressure solution. Deionized water was used as the pore fluid, and permeability, as well as the effluent Si concentrations, were systematically measured. Overall, hydraulic aperture was shown to be significantly less affected by pressure, temperature and time, in comparison to mechanical aperture. During the long-term part of the experiment at 140 degrees C, the effluent Si concentrations likely reached a chemical equilibrium state within less than 8 days of stagnant flow, and exceeded the corresponding hydrostatic quartz solubility at this temperature. This implies that the pressure solution was active at the contacting fracture asperities, both at 140 degrees C and after cooling to 33 degrees C. The higher temperature yielded a higher dissolution rate and, consequently, a faster attainment of chemical equilibrium within the contact fluid. X-ray mu CT observations evidenced a noticeable increase in fracture contact area ratio, which, in combination with theoretical considerations, implies a significant decrease in mechanical aperture. In contrast, the sample permeability, and thus the hydraulic fracture aperture, virtually did not vary. In conclusion, pressure solution-induced fracture aperture changes are affected by the degree of time-dependent variations in pore fluid composition. In contrast to the present case of a quasi-closed system with mostly stagnant flow, in an open system with continuous once-through fluid flow, the activity of the pressure solution may be amplified due to the persistent fluid-chemical nonequilibrium state, thus possibly enhancing aperture and fracture permeability changes.
KW  - flow-through experiment
KW  - fracture aperture
KW  - pressure solution
KW  - mass
KW  - transfer
KW  - silica concentration
KW  - permeability
KW  - quartz sandstone
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/min10080657
SN  - 2075-163X
VL  - 10
IS  - 8
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gehre, Christian
A1  - Flechner, Marie
A1  - Kammerer, Sarah
A1  - Küpper, Jan-Heiner
A1  - Coleman, Charles Dominic
A1  - Püschel, Gerhard Paul
A1  - Uhlig, Katja
A1  - Duschl, Claus
T1  - Real time monitoring of oxygen uptake of hepatocytes in a microreactor using optical microsensors
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - Most in vitro test systems for the assessment of toxicity are based on endpoint measurements and cannot contribute much to the establishment of mechanistic models, which are crucially important for further progress in this field. Hence, in recent years, much effort has been put into the development of methods that generate kinetic data. Real time measurements of the metabolic activity of cells based on the use of oxygen sensitive microsensor beads have been shown to provide access to the mode of action of compounds in hepatocytes. However, for fully exploiting this approach a detailed knowledge of the microenvironment of the cells is required. In this work, we investigate the cellular behaviour of three types of hepatocytes, HepG2 cells, HepG2-3A4 cells and primary mouse hepatocytes, towards their exposure to acetaminophen when the availability of oxygen for the cell is systematically varied. We show that the relative emergence of two modes of action, one NAPQI dependent and the other one transient and NAPQI independent, scale with expression level of CYP3A4. The transient cellular response associated to mitochondrial respiration is used to characterise the influence of the initial oxygen concentration in the wells before exposure to acetaminophen on the cell behaviour. A simple model is presented to describe the behaviour of the cells in this scenario. It demonstrates the level of control over the role of oxygen supply in these experiments. This is crucial for establishing this approach into a reliable and powerful method for the assessment of toxicity.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70785-6
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
PB  - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
CY  - [London]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lachmann, Sabrina C.
A1  - Mettler-Altmann, Tabea
A1  - Wacker, Alexander
A1  - Spijkerman, Elly
T1  - Nitrate or ammonium
BT  - Influences of nitrogen source on the physiology of a green alga
JF  - Ecology and evolution
N2  - In freshwaters, algal species are exposed to different inorganic nitrogen (Ni) sources whose incorporation varies in biochemical energy demand. We hypothesized that due to the lesser energy requirement of ammonium (NH4+)-use, in contrast to nitrate (NO3-)-use, more energy remains for other metabolic processes, especially under CO2-and phosphorus (Pi) limiting conditions. Therefore, we tested differences in cell characteristics of the green alga Chlamydomonas acidophila grown on NH4+ or NO3- under covariation of CO2 and Pi-supply in order to determine limitations, in a full-factorial design. As expected, results revealed higher carbon fixation rates for NH4+ grown cells compared to growth with NO3- under low CO2 conditions. NO3- -grown cells accumulated more of the nine analyzed amino acids, especially under Pi-limited conditions, compared to cells provided with NH4+. This is probably due to a slower protein synthesis in cells provided with NO3-. In contrast to our expectations, compared to NH4+ -grown cells NO3- -grown cells had higher photosynthetic efficiency under Pi-limitation. In conclusion, growth on the Ni-source NH4+ did not result in a clearly enhanced Ci-assimilation, as it was highly dependent on Pi and CO2 conditions (replete or limited). Results are potentially connected to the fact that C. acidophila is able to use only CO2 as its inorganic carbon (Ci) source.
KW  - amino acids
KW  - carbon uptake kinetics
KW  - CO2 conditions
KW  - nitrogen
KW  - phosphorus limitation
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4790
SN  - 2045-7758
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stojkoski, Viktor
A1  - Sandev, Trifce
A1  - Basnarkov, Lasko
A1  - Kocarev, Ljupco
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Generalised geometric Brownian motion
BT  - theory and applications to option pricing
JF  - Entropy
N2  - Classical option pricing schemes assume that the value of a financial asset follows a geometric Brownian motion (GBM). However, a growing body of studies suggest that a simple GBM trajectory is not an adequate representation for asset dynamics, due to irregularities found when comparing its properties with empirical distributions. As a solution, we investigate a generalisation of GBM where the introduction of a memory kernel critically determines the behaviour of the stochastic process. We find the general expressions for the moments, log-moments, and the expectation of the periodic log returns, and then obtain the corresponding probability density functions using the subordination approach. Particularly, we consider subdiffusive GBM (sGBM), tempered sGBM, a mix of GBM and sGBM, and a mix of sGBMs. We utilise the resulting generalised GBM (gGBM) in order to examine the empirical performance of a selected group of kernels in the pricing of European call options. Our results indicate that the performance of a kernel ultimately depends on the maturity of the option and its moneyness.
KW  - geometric Brownian motion
KW  - Fokker– Planck equation
KW  - Black– Scholes model
KW  - option pricing
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/e22121432
SN  - 1099-4300
VL  - 22
IS  - 12
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Witte, Leonie
A1  - Linnemannstoens, Karen
A1  - Honemann-Capito, Mona
A1  - Groß, Julia Christina
T1  - Visualization and quantitation of Wg trafficking in the Drosophila wing imaginal epithelium
JF  - Bio-protocol
N2  - Secretory Wnt trafficking can be studied in the polarized epithelial monolayer of Drosophila wing imaginal discs (WID). In this tissue, Wg (Drosophila Wnt-I) is presented on the apical surface of its source cells before being internalized into the endosomal pathway. Long-range Wg secretion and spread depend on secondary secretion from endosomal compartments, but the exact post-endocytic fate of Wg is poorly understood. Here, we summarize and present three protocols for the immunofluorescencebased visualization and quantitation of different pools of intracellular and extracellular Wg in WID: (1) steady-state extracellular Wg; (2) dynamic Wg trafficking inside endosomal compartments; and (3) dynamic Wg release to the cell surface. Using a genetic driver system for gene manipulation specifically at the posterior part of the WID (EnGal4) provides a robust internal control that allows for direct comparison of signal intensities of control and manipulated compartments of the same WID. Therefore, it also circumvents the high degree of staining variability usually associated with whole-tissue samples. In combination with the genetic manipulation of Wg pathway components that is easily feasible in Drosophila, these methods provide a tool-set for the dissection of secretory Wg trafficking and can help us to understand how Wnt proteins travel along endosomal compartments for short-and long-range signal secretion.
KW  - Wingless/Wnt secretion
KW  - Morphogen signaling
KW  - Drosophila wing imaginal disc
KW  - Recycling assay
KW  - Extracelluar wingless
KW  - Imaginal disc dissection
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.4040
SN  - 2331-8325
VL  - 11
IS  - 11
PB  - bio-protocol.org
CY  - Sunnyvale, CA
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herzog, Stefan M.
A1  - Jenny, Mirjam A.
A1  - Nickel, Christian
A1  - Ortega, Ricardo Nieves
A1  - Bingisser, Roland
T1  - Emergency department patients with weakness or fatigue
BT  - can physicians predict their outcomes at the front door? A prospective observational study
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - Background

Generalized weakness and fatigue are underexplored symptoms in emergency medicine. Triage tools often underestimate patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with these nonspecific symptoms (Nemec et al., 2010). At the same time, physicians' disease severity rating (DSR) on a scale from 0 (not sick at all) to 10 (extremely sick) predicts key outcomes in ED patients (Beglinger et al., 2015; Rohacek et al., 2015). Our goals were (1) to characterize ED patients with weakness and/or fatigue (W|F); to explore (2) to what extent physicians' DSR at triage can predict five key outcomes in ED patients with W|F; (3) how well DSR performs relative to two commonly used benchmark methods, the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI); (4) to what extent DSR provides predictive information beyond ESI, CCI, or their linear combination, i.e., whether ESI and CCI should be used alone or in combination with DSR; and (5) to what extent ESI, CCI, or their linear combination provide predictive information beyond DSR alone, i.e., whether DSR should be used alone or in combination with ESI and / or CCI.

Methods

Prospective observational study between 2013-2015 (analysis in 2018-2020, study team blinded to hypothesis) conducted at a single center. We study an all-comer cohort of 3,960 patients (48% female patients, median age = 51 years, 94% completed 1-year follow-up). We looked at two primary outcomes (acute morbidity (Bingisser et al., 2017; Weigel et al., 2017) and all-cause 1- year mortality) and three secondary outcomes (in-hospital mortality, hospitalization and transfer to ICU). We assessed the predictive power (i.e., resolution, measured as the Area under the ROC Curve, AUC) of the scores and, using logistic regression, their linear combinations.

Findings

Compared to patients without W|F (n = 3,227), patients with W|F (n = 733) showed higher prevalences for all five outcomes, reported more symptoms across both genders, and received higher DSRs (median = 4; interquartile range (IQR) = 3-6 vs. median = 3; IQR = 2-5). DSR predicted all five outcomes well above chance (i.e., AUCs > similar to 0.70), similarly well for both patients with and without W|F, and as good as or better than ESI and CCI in patients with and without W|F (except for 1-year mortality where CCI performs better). For acute morbidity, hospitalization, and transfer to ICU there is clear evidence that adding DSR to ESI and/or CCI improves predictions for both patient groups; for 1-year mortality and in-hospital mortality this holds for most, but not all comparisons. Adding ESI and/or CCI to DSR generally did not improve performance or even decreased it.

Conclusions

The use of physicians' disease severity rating has never been investigated in patients with generalized weakness and fatigue. We show that physicians' prediction of acute morbidity, mortality, hospitalization, and transfer to ICU through their DSR is also accurate in these patients. Across all patients, DSR is less predictive of acute morbidity for female than male patients, however. Future research should investigate how emergency physicians judge their patients' clinical state at triage and how this can be improved and used in simple decision aids.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239902
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 15
IS  - 11
PB  - Public Library of Science
CY  - San Francisco, California, US
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Grimm-Seyfarth, Annegret
A1  - Mihoub, Jean-Baptiste
A1  - Henle, Klaus
T1  - Functional traits determine the different effects of prey, predators, and climatic extremes on desert reptiles
JF  - Ecosphere : the magazine of the International Ecology University
N2  - Terrestrial reptiles are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Their highest density and diversity can be found in hot drylands, ecosystems which demonstrate extreme climatic conditions. However, reptiles are not isolated systems but part of a large species assemblage with many trophic dependencies. While direct relations among climatic conditions, invertebrates, vegetation, or reptiles have already been explored, to our knowledge, species’ responses to direct and indirect pathways of multiple climatic and biotic factors and their interactions have rarely been examined comprehensively. We investigated direct and indirect effects of climatic and biotic parameters on the individual (body condition) and population level (occupancy) of eight abundant lizard species with different functional traits in an arid Australian lizard community using a 30‐yr multi‐trophic monitoring study. We used structural equation modeling to disentangle single and interactive effects. We then assessed whether species could be grouped into functional groups according to their functional traits and their responses to different parameters. We found that lizard species differed strongly in how they responded to climatic and biotic factors. However, the factors to which they responded seemed to be determined by their functional traits. While responses on body condition were determined by habitat, activity time, and prey, responses on occupancy were determined by habitat specialization, body size, and longevity. Our findings highlight the importance of indirect pathways through climatic and biotic interactions, which should be included into predictive models to increase accuracy when predicting species’ responses to climate change. Since one might never obtain all mechanistic pathways at the species level, we propose an approach of identifying relevant species traits that help grouping species into functional groups at different ecological levels, which could then be used for predictive modeling.
KW  - Australia
KW  - climate change
KW  - Gekkonidae
KW  - periodic flooding
KW  - Scincidae
KW  - species functional traits
KW  - species interactions
KW  - structural equation modeling
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2865
SN  - 2150-8925
VL  - 10
IS  - 9
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wehrhan, Marc
A1  - Sommer, Michael
T1  - A parsimonious approach to estimate soil organic carbon applying Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) multispectral imagery and the topographic position index in a heterogeneous soil landscape
JF  - Remote sensing / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
N2  - Remote sensing plays an increasingly key role in the determination of soil organic carbon (SOC) stored in agriculturally managed topsoils at the regional and field scales. Contemporary Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) carrying low-cost and lightweight multispectral sensors provide high spatial resolution imagery (<10 cm). These capabilities allow integrate of UAS-derived soil data and maps into digitalized workflows for sustainable agriculture. However, the common situation of scarce soil data at field scale might be an obstacle for accurate digital soil mapping. In our case study we tested a fixed-wing UAS equipped with visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR) sensors to estimate topsoil SOC distribution at two fields under the constraint of limited sampling points, which were selected by pedological knowledge. They represent all releva nt soil types along an erosion-deposition gradient; hence, the full feature space in terms of topsoils' SOC status. We included the Topographic Position Index (TPI) as a co-variate for SOC prediction. Our study was performed in a soil landscape of hummocky ground moraines, which represent a significant of global arable land. Herein, small scale soil variability is mainly driven by tillage erosion which, in turn, is strongly dependent on topography. Relationships between SOC, TPI and spectral information were tested by Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) using: (i) single field data (local approach) and (ii) data from both fields (pooled approach). The highest prediction performance determined by a leave-one-out-cross-validation (LOOCV) was obtained for the models using the reflectance at 570 nm in conjunction with the TPI as explanatory variables for the local approach (coefficient of determination (R-2) = 0.91; root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.11% and R-2 = 0.48; RMSE = 0.33, respectively). The local MLR models developed with both reflectance and TPI using values from all points showed high correlations and low prediction errors for SOC content (R-2 = 0.88, RMSE = 0.07%; R-2 = 0.79, RMSE = 0.06%, respectively). The comparison with an enlarged dataset consisting of all points from both fields (pooled approach) showed no improvement of the prediction accuracy but yielded decreased prediction errors. Lastly, the local MLR models were applied to the data of the respective other field to evaluate the cross-field prediction ability. The spatial SOC pattern generally remains unaffected on both fields; differences, however, occur concerning the predicted SOC level. Our results indicate a high potential of the combination of UAS-based remote sensing and environmental covariates, such as terrain attributes, for the prediction of topsoil SOC content at the field scale. The temporal flexibility of UAS offer the opportunity to optimize flight conditions including weather and soil surface status (plant cover or residuals, moisture and roughness) which, otherwise, might obscure the relationship between spectral data and SOC content. Pedologically targeted selection of soil samples for model development appears to be the key for an efficient and effective prediction even with a small dataset.
KW  - Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)
KW  - multispectral
KW  - Topographic Position Index
KW  - (TPI)
KW  - Multiple Linear Regression (MLR)
KW  - soil organic carbon (SOC)
KW  - agriculture
KW  - erosion
KW  - soil landscape
KW  - hummocky ground moraine
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183557
SN  - 2072-4292
VL  - 13
IS  - 18
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zemella, Anne
A1  - Thoring, Lena
A1  - Hoffmeister, Christian
A1  - Samalikova, Maria
A1  - Ehren, Patricia
A1  - Wüstenhagen, Doreen Anja
A1  - Kubick, Stefan
T1  - Cell-free protein synthesis as a novel tool for directed glycoengineering of active erythropoietin
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - As one of the most complex post-translational modification, glycosylation is widely involved in cell adhesion, cell proliferation and immune response. Nevertheless glycoproteins with an identical polypeptide backbone mostly differ in their glycosylation patterns. Due to this heterogeneity, the mapping of different glycosylation patterns to their associated function is nearly impossible. In the last years, glycoengineering tools including cell line engineering, chemoenzymatic remodeling and site-specific glycosylation have attracted increasing interest. The therapeutic hormone erythropoietin (EPO) has been investigated in particular by various groups to establish a production process resulting in a defined glycosylation pattern. However commercially available recombinant human EPO shows batch-to-batch variations in its glycoforms. Therefore we present an alternative method for the synthesis of active glycosylated EPO with an engineered O-glycosylation site by combining eukaryotic cell-free protein synthesis and site-directed incorporation of non-canonical amino acids with subsequent chemoselective modifications.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26936-x
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 8
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wiesner, Karoline
A1  - Ladyman, James
T1  - Complex systems are always correlated but rarely information processing
JF  - Journal of physics. Complexity
N2  - 'Complex systems are information processors' is a statement that is frequently made. Here we argue for the distinction between information processing-in the sense of encoding and transmitting a symbolic representation-and the formation of correlations (pattern formation/self-organisation). The study of both uses tools from information theory, but the purpose is very different in each case: explaining the mechanisms and understanding the purpose or function in the first case, versus data analysis and correlation extraction in the latter. We give examples of both and discuss some open questions. The distinction helps focus research efforts on the relevant questions in each case.
KW  - correlations
KW  - information theory
KW  - complex systems
KW  - information
KW  - processing
KW  - self-organisation
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-072X/ac371c
SN  - 2632-072X
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sallen, Jeffrey
A1  - Hirschmann, Florian
A1  - Herrmann, Christian
T1  - Evaluation and Adaption of the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS) for Assessment in Competitive Sports
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - The demands of a career in competitive sports can lead to chronic stress perception among athletes if there is a non-conformity of requirements and available coping resources. The Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS) (Schulz et al., 2004) is said to be thoroughly validated. Nevertheless, it has not yet been subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis. The present study aims (1) to evaluate the factorial validity of the TICS within the context of competitive sports and (2) to adapt a short version (TICS-36). The total sample consisted of 564 athletes (age in years: M = 19.1, SD = 3.70). The factor structure of the original TICS did not adequately fit the present data, whereas the short version presented a satisfactory fit. The results indicate that the TICS-36 is an economical instrument for gathering interpretable information about chronic stress. For assessment in competitive sports with TICS-36, we generated overall and gender-specific norm values.
KW  - chronic stressors
KW  - mental health
KW  - athletes
KW  - stress measurement
KW  - Olympic sports
KW  - factor analysis
KW  - measurement invariance
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00308
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scholz, Carolin
A1  - Voigt, Christian C.
T1  - Diet analysis of bats killed at wind turbines suggests large-scale losses of trophic interactions
JF  - Conservation science and practice
N2  - Agricultural practice has led to landscape simplification and biodiversity decline, yet recently, energy-producing infrastructures, such as wind turbines, have been added to these simplified agroecosystems, turning them into multi-functional energy-agroecosystems. Here, we studied the trophic interactions of bats killed at wind turbines using a DNA metabarcoding approach to shed light on how turbine-related bat fatalities may possibly affect local habitats. Specifically, we identified insect DNA in the stomachs of common noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula) killed by wind turbines in Germany to infer in which habitats these bats hunted. Common noctule bats consumed a wide variety of insects from different habitats, ranging from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., wetlands, farmland, forests, and grasslands). Agricultural and silvicultural pest insects made up about 20% of insect species consumed by the studied bats. Our study suggests that the potential damage of wind energy production goes beyond the loss of bats and the decline of bat populations. Bat fatalities at wind turbines may lead to the loss of trophic interactions and ecosystem services provided by bats, which may add to the functional simplification and impaired crop production, respectively, in multi-functional ecosystems.
KW  - bat fatalities
KW  - biodiversity decline
KW  - food web
KW  - green-green dilemma
KW  - renewable energy
KW  - wind energy production
KW  - wind energy-biodiversity conflict
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12744
SN  - 2578-4854
VL  - 4
IS  - 7
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kagel, Heike
A1  - Bier, Frank Fabian
A1  - Frohme, Marcus
A1  - Glökler, Jörn F.
T1  - A Novel Optical Method To Reversibly Control Enzymatic Activity Based On Photoacids
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - Most biochemical reactions depend on the pH value of the aqueous environment and some are strongly favoured to occur in an acidic environment. A non-invasive control of pH to tightly regulate such reactions with defined start and end points is a highly desirable feature in certain applications, but has proven difficult to achieve so far. We report a novel optical approach to reversibly control a typical biochemical reaction by changing the pH and using acid phosphatase as a model enzyme. The reversible photoacid G-acid functions as a proton donor, changing the pH rapidly and reversibly by using high power UV LEDs as an illumination source in our experimental setup. The reaction can be tightly controlled by simply switching the light on and off and should be applicable to a wide range of other enzymatic reactions, thus enabling miniaturization and parallelization through non-invasive optical means.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50867-w
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 9
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chapman, Eric M.
A1  - Lant, Benjamin
A1  - Ohashi, Yota
A1  - Yu, Bin
A1  - Schertzberg, Michael
A1  - Go, Christopher
A1  - Dogra, Deepika
A1  - Koskimaki, Janne
A1  - Girard, Romuald
A1  - Li, Yan
A1  - Fraser, Andrew G.
A1  - Awad, Issam A.
A1  - Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim
A1  - Gingras, Anne-Claude
A1  - Derry, William Brent
T1  - A conserved CCM complex promotes apoptosis non-autonomously by regulating zinc homeostasis
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Apoptotic death of cells damaged by genotoxic stress requires regulatory input from surrounding tissues. The C. elegans scaffold protein KRI-1, ortholog of mammalian KRIT1/CCM1, permits DNA damage-induced apoptosis of cells in the germline by an unknown cell non-autonomous mechanism. We reveal that KRI-1 exists in a complex with CCM-2 in the intestine to negatively regulate the ERK-5/MAPK pathway. This allows the KLF-3 transcription factor to facilitate expression of the SLC39 zinc transporter gene zipt-2.3, which functions to sequester zinc in the intestine. Ablation of KRI-1 results in reduced zinc sequestration in the intestine, inhibition of IR-induced MPK-1/ERK1 activation, and apoptosis in the germline. Zinc localization is also perturbed in the vasculature of krit1(-/-) zebrafish, and SLC39 zinc transporters are mis-expressed in Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (CCM) patient tissues. This study provides new insights into the regulation of apoptosis by cross-tissue communication, and suggests a link between zinc localization and CCM disease.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09829-z
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 10
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Demal, Till Joscha
A1  - Heise, Melina
A1  - Reiz, Benedikt
A1  - Dogra, Deepika
A1  - Braenne, Ingrid
A1  - Reichenspurner, Hermann
A1  - Männer, Jörg
A1  - Aherrahrou, Zouhair
A1  - Schunkert, Heribert
A1  - Erdmann, Jeanette
A1  - Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim
T1  - A familial congenital heart disease with a possible multigenic origin involving a mutation in BMPR1A
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - The genetics of many congenital heart diseases (CHDs) can only unsatisfactorily be explained by known chromosomal or Mendelian syndromes. Here, we present sequencing data of a family with a potentially multigenic origin of CHD. Twelve of nineteen family members carry a familial mutation [NM_004329.2:c.1328 G > A (p.R443H)] which encodes a predicted deleterious variant of BMPR1A. This mutation co-segregates with a linkage region on chromosome 1 that associates with the emergence of severe CHDs including Ebstein’s anomaly, atrioventricular septal defect, and others. We show that the continuous overexpression of the zebrafish homologous mutation bmpr1aap.R438H within endocardium causes a reduced AV valve area, a downregulation of Wnt/ß-catenin signalling at the AV canal, and growth of additional tissue mass in adult zebrafish hearts. This finding opens the possibility of testing genetic interactions between BMPR1A and other candidate genes within linkage region 1 which may provide a first step towards unravelling more complex genetic patterns in cardiovascular disease aetiology.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39648-7
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 9
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bornhorst, Dorothee
A1  - Xia, Peng
A1  - Nakajima, Hiroyuki
A1  - Dingare, Chaitanya
A1  - Herzog, Wiebke
A1  - Lecaudey, Virginie
A1  - Mochizuki, Naoki
A1  - Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp
A1  - Yelon, Deborah
A1  - Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim
T1  - Biomechanical signaling within the developing zebrafish heart attunes endocardial growth to myocardial chamber dimensions
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Intra-organ communication guides morphogenetic processes that are essential for an organ to carry out complex physiological functions. In the heart, the growth of the myocardium is tightly coupled to that of the endocardium, a specialized endothelial tissue that lines its interior. Several molecular pathways have been implicated in the communication between these tissues including secreted factors, components of the extracellular matrix, or proteins involved in cell-cell communication. Yet, it is unknown how the growth of the endocardium is coordinated with that of the myocardium. Here, we show that an increased expansion of the myocardial atrial chamber volume generates higher junctional forces within endocardial cells. This leads to biomechanical signaling involving VE-cadherin, triggering nuclear localization of the Hippo pathway transcriptional regulator Yap1 and endocardial proliferation. Our work suggests that the growth of the endocardium results from myocardial chamber volume expansion and ends when the tension on the tissue is relaxed.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12068-x
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 10
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hipp, Lena
A1  - Kohler, Ulrich
A1  - Leumann, Sandra
T1  - How to implement respondent-driven sampling in practice
BT  - insights from surveying 24-hour migrant home care workers
JF  - Survey methods : insights from the field
N2  - This article draws on the experience from an ongoing research project employing respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to survey (illicit) 24-hour home care workers. We highlight issues around the preparatory work and the fielding of the survey to provide researchers with useful insights on how to implement RDS when surveying populations for which the method has not yet been used. We conclude the article with ethical considerations that occur when employing RDS.
KW  - hidden populations
KW  - illicit behaviours
KW  - practical implementation
KW  - respondent-driven sampling
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.13094/SMIF-2019-00009
SN  - 2296-4754
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Swiss Found. for Research in Social Sciences
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Donat, Stefan
A1  - Lourenco, Marta Sofia Rocha
A1  - Paolini, Alessio
A1  - Otten, Cecile
A1  - Renz, Marc
A1  - Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim
T1  - Heg1 and Ccm1/2 proteins control endocardial mechanosensitivity during zebrafish valvulogenesis
JF  - eLife
N2  - Endothelial cells respond to different levels of fluid shear stress through adaptations of their mechanosensitivity. Currently, we lack a good understanding of how this contributes to sculpting of the cardiovascular system. Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is an inherited vascular disease that occurs when a second somatic mutation causes a loss of CCM1/KRIT1, CCM2, or CCM3 proteins. Here, we demonstrate that zebrafish Krit1 regulates the formation of cardiac valves. Expression of heg1, which encodes a binding partner of Krit1, is positively regulated by blood-flow. In turn, Heg1 stabilizes levels of Krit1 protein, and both Heg1 and Krit1 dampen expression levels of klf2a, a major mechanosensitive gene. Conversely, loss of Krit1 results in increased expression of klf2a and notch1b throughout the endocardium and prevents cardiac valve leaflet formation. Hence, the correct balance of blood-flow-dependent induction and Krit1 protein mediated repression of klf2a and notch1b ultimately shapes cardiac valve leaflet morphology.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.28939
SN  - 2050-084X
VL  - 7
PB  - eLife Sciences Publications
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Taron, Ulrike H.
A1  - Lell, Moritz
A1  - Barlow, Axel
A1  - Paijmans, Johanna L. A.
T1  - Testing of Alignment Parameters for Ancient Samples
BT  - Evaluating and Optimizing Mapping Parameters for Ancient Samples Using the TAPAS Tool
JF  - Genese
N2  - High-throughput sequence data retrieved from ancient or other degraded samples has led to unprecedented insights into the evolutionary history of many species, but the analysis of such sequences also poses specific computational challenges. The most commonly used approach involves mapping sequence reads to a reference genome. However, this process becomes increasingly challenging with an elevated genetic distance between target and reference or with the presence of contaminant sequences with high sequence similarity to the target species. The evaluation and testing of mapping efficiency and stringency are thus paramount for the reliable identification and analysis of ancient sequences. In this paper, we present ‘TAPAS’, (Testing of Alignment Parameters for Ancient Samples), a computational tool that enables the systematic testing of mapping tools for ancient data by simulating sequence data reflecting the properties of an ancient dataset and performing test runs using the mapping software and parameter settings of interest. We showcase TAPAS by using it to assess and improve mapping strategy for a degraded sample from a banded linsang (Prionodon linsang), for which no closely related reference is currently available. This enables a 1.8-fold increase of the number of mapped reads without sacrificing mapping specificity. The increase of mapped reads effectively reduces the need for additional sequencing, thus making more economical use of time, resources, and sample material.
KW  - ancient DNA
KW  - short-read mapping
KW  - palaeogenomics
KW  - paleogenomics
KW  - alignment sensitivity/specificity
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9030157
SN  - 2073-4425
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vollbrecht, Joachim
A1  - Brus, Viktor V.
T1  - Effects of recombination order on open-circuit voltage decay measurements of organic and perovskite solar cells
JF  - Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research, technology development and studies in policy and management / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
N2  - Non-geminate recombination, as one of the most relevant loss mechanisms in organic and perovskite solar cells, deserves special attention in research efforts to further increase device performance. It can be subdivided into first, second, and third order processes, which can be elucidated by the effects that they have on the time-dependent open-circuit voltage decay. In this study, analytical expressions for the open-circuit voltage decay exhibiting one of the aforementioned recombination mechanisms were derived. It was possible to support the analytical models with experimental examples of three different solar cells, each of them dominated either by first (PBDBT:CETIC-4F), second (PM6:Y6), or third (irradiated CH3NH3PbI3) order recombination. Furthermore, a simple approach to estimate the dominant recombination process was also introduced and tested on these examples. Moreover, limitations of the analytical models and the measurement technique itself were discussed.
KW  - organic solar cells
KW  - perovskite solar cells
KW  - non-geminate recombination
KW  - recombination order
KW  - open-circuit voltage decay
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14164800
SN  - 1996-1073
VL  - 14
IS  - 16
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneeberger, Karin
A1  - Röder, Gregory
A1  - Taborsky, Michael
T1  - The smell of hunger
BT  - Norway rats provision social partners based on odour cues of need
JF  - PLoS biology
N2  - When individuals exchange helpful acts reciprocally, increasing the benefit of the receiver can enhance its propensity to return a favour, as pay-offs are typically correlated in iterated interactions. Therefore, reciprocally cooperating animals should consider the relative benefit for the receiver when deciding to help a conspecific. Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) exchange food reciprocally and thereby take into account both the cost of helping and the potential benefit to the receiver. By using a variant of the sequential iterated prisoner's dilemma paradigm, we show that rats may determine the need of another individual by olfactory cues alone. In an experimental food-exchange task, test subjects were provided with odour cues from hungry or satiated conspecifics located in a different room. Our results show that wild-type Norway rats provide help to a stooge quicker when they receive odour cues from a hungry rather than from a satiated conspecific. Using chemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we identify seven volatile organic compounds that differ in their abundance between hungry and satiated rats. Combined, this "smell of hunger" can apparently serve as a reliable cue of need in reciprocal cooperation, which supports the hypothesis of honest signalling.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000628
SN  - 1544-9173
SN  - 1545-7885
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baunach, Martin
A1  - Chowdhury, Somak
A1  - Stallforth, Pierre
A1  - Dittmann-Thünemann, Elke
T1  - The landscape of recombination events that create nonribosomal peptide diversity
JF  - Molecular biology and evolution : MBE
N2  - Nonribosomal peptides (NRP) are crucial molecular mediators in microbial ecology and provide indispensable drugs. Nevertheless, the evolution of the flexible biosynthetic machineries that correlates with the stunning structural diversity of NRPs is poorly understood. Here, we show that recombination is a key driver in the evolution of bacterial NRP synthetase (NRPS) genes across distant bacterial phyla, which has guided structural diversification in a plethora of NRP families by extensive mixing andmatching of biosynthesis genes. The systematic dissection of a large number of individual recombination events did not only unveil a striking plurality in the nature and origin of the exchange units but allowed the deduction of overarching principles that enable the efficient exchange of adenylation (A) domain substrates while keeping the functionality of the dynamic multienzyme complexes. In the majority of cases, recombination events have targeted variable portions of the A(core) domains, yet domain interfaces and the flexible A(sub) domain remained untapped. Our results strongly contradict the widespread assumption that adenylation and condensation (C) domains coevolve and significantly challenge the attributed role of C domains as stringent selectivity filter during NRP synthesis. Moreover, they teach valuable lessons on the choice of natural exchange units in the evolution of NRPS diversity, which may guide future engineering approaches.
KW  - evolution
KW  - recombination
KW  - structural diversity
KW  - natural products
KW  - nonribosomal peptide synthetases
KW  - microbial ecology
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab015
SN  - 0737-4038
SN  - 1537-1719
VL  - 38
IS  - 5
SP  - 2116
EP  - 2130
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Martin-Creuzburg, Dominik
A1  - Massier, Tamara
A1  - Wacker, Alexander
T1  - Sex-Specific differences in essential lipid requirements of Daphnia magna
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2  - Sex-specific differences in nutritional requirements may crucially influence the performances of the sexes, which may have implications for sexual reproduction and thus is of great ecological and evolutionary interest. In the freshwater model species Daphnia magna, essential lipid requirements have been extensively studied. Dietary deficiencies in sterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been shown to constrain somatic growth and parthenogenetic reproduction of female Daphnia. In contrast, nutrient requirements of male Daphnia have not been studied yet. Supplementation experiments were conducted to investigate differences in sterol (cholesterol) and PUFA (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) requirements between female and male D. magna. Thresholds for sterol-limited juvenile growth were higher in females than in males, suggesting that females are more susceptible to dietary sterol deficiencies than males. Sex-specific differences in maximum somatic growth rates were evident primarily in the presence of dietary EPA; females could not exploit their generally higher growth potential in the absence of dietary PUFA. However, the thresholds for EPA-limited growth did not differ between sexes, suggesting that both sexes have similar dietary EPA requirements during juvenile growth. During a life history experiment, the gain in body dry mass was higher in females than in males, irrespective of food treatment. In both sexes, the gain in body dry mass increased significantly upon EPA supplementation, indicating that both sexes benefited from dietary EPA supply also later in life. However, the positive effects of EPA supplementation were most pronounced for female reproduction-related traits (i.e., clutch sizes, egg dry masses, and total dry mass investment in reproduction). The high maternal investment in reproduction resulted in a depletion of nutrients in female somata. In contrast, the comparatively low paternal investment in reproduction allowed for the accumulation of nutrients in male somata. We conclude that males are generally less susceptible to dietary nutrient deficiencies than females, because they can rely more on internal body stores. Our data suggest that the performances of the sexes are differentially influenced by lipid-mediated food quality, which may have consequences for sexual reproduction and thus the production of resting eggs and the maintenance of Daphnia populations.
KW  - allocation
KW  - cholesterol
KW  - eicosapentaenoic acid
KW  - food quality
KW  - male Daphnia
KW  - polyunsaturated fatty acids
KW  - sterols
KW  - lipid limitation thresholds
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00089
SN  - 2296-701X
VL  - 6
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Deutschmann, Claudia
A1  - Roggenbuck, Dirk
A1  - Schierack, Peter
A1  - Rödiger, Stefan
T1  - Autoantibody testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-a case in which the solid phase decides on success and failure
JF  - Heliyon
N2  - Background: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an indispensable tool for clinical diagnostics to identify or differentiate diseases such as autoimmune illnesses, but also to monitor their progression or control the efficacy of drugs. One use case of ELISA is to differentiate between different states (e.g. healthy vs. diseased). Another goal is to quantitatively assess the biomarker in question, like autoantibodies. Thus, the ELISA technology is used for the discovery and verification of new autoantibodies, too. Of key interest, however, is the development of immunoassays for the sensitive and specific detection of such biomarkers at early disease stages. Therefore, users have to deal with many parameters, such as buffer systems or antigen-autoantibody interactions, to successfully establish an ELISA. Often, fine-tuning like testing of several blocking substances is performed to yield high signal-to-noise ratios. <br /> Methods: We developed an ELISA to detect IgA and IgG autoantibodies against chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), a newly identified autoantigen in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in the serum of control and disease groups (n = 23, respectively). Microwell plates with different surface modifications (PolySorp and MaxiSorp coating) were tested to detect reproducibility problems. <br /> Results: We found a significant impact of the surface properties of the microwell plates. IgA antibody reactivity was significantly lower, since it was in the range of background noise, when measured on MaxiSorp coated plates (p < 0.0001). The IgG antibody reactivity did not differ on the diverse plates, but the plate surface had a significant influence on the test result (p = 0.0005). <br /> Conclusion: With this report, we want to draw readers' attention to the properties of solid phases and their effects on the detection of autoantibodies by ELISA. We want to sensitize the reader to the fact that the choice of the wrong plate can lead to a false negative test result, which in turn has serious consequences for the discovery of autoantibodies.
KW  - biochemistry
KW  - coatings
KW  - surface chemistry
KW  - immunology
KW  - proteins
KW  - laboratory medicine
KW  - clinical research
KW  - enzyme-linked immunosorbent
KW  - assay
KW  - biomarker discovery
KW  - reproducibility
KW  - solid-phase
KW  - autoantibody
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03270
SN  - 2405-8440
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - London [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Westphal, Andrea
A1  - Kalinowski, Eva
A1  - Hoferichter, Clara Josepha
A1  - Vock, Miriam
T1  - K-12 teachers' stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic
BT  - a systematic review
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - We present the first systematic literature review on stress and burnout in K-12 teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 17 studies that included 9,874 K-12 teachers from around the world. These studies showed some indication that burnout did increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were, however, almost no differences in the levels of stress and burnout experienced by K-12 teachers compared to individuals employed in other occupational fields. School principals' leadership styles emerged as an organizational characteristic that is highly relevant for K-12 teachers' levels of stress and burnout. Individual teacher characteristics associated with burnout were K-12 teachers' personality, self-efficacy in online teaching, and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19. In order to reduce stress, there was an indication that stress-management training in combination with training in technology use for teaching may be superior to stress-management training alone. Future research needs to adopt more longitudinal designs and examine the interplay between individual and organizational characteristics in the development of teacher stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
KW  - burnout
KW  - stress
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - pandemic
KW  - K-12 teachers
KW  - remote teaching
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920326
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baes, Marzieh
A1  - Sobolev, Stephan
A1  - Gerya, Taras V.
A1  - Brune, Sascha
T1  - Plume-induced subduction initiation
BT  - single-slab or multi-slab subduction?
JF  - Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems
N2  - Initiation of subduction following the impingement of a hot buoyant mantle plume is one of the few scenarios that allow breaking the lithosphere and recycling a stagnant lid without requiring any preexisting weak zones. Here, we investigate factors controlling the number and shape of retreating subducting slabs formed by plume-lithosphere interaction. Using 3-D thermomechanical models we show that the deformation regime, which defines formation of single-slab or multi-slab subduction, depends on several parameters such as age of oceanic lithosphere, thickness of the crust and large-scale lithospheric extension rate. Our model results indicate that on present-day Earth multi-slab plume-induced subduction is initiated only if the oceanic lithosphere is relatively young (<30-40 Myr, but >10 Myr), and the crust has a typical thickness of 8 km. In turn, development of single-slab subduction is facilitated by older lithosphere and pre-imposed extensional stresses. In early Earth, plume-lithosphere interaction could have led to formation of either episodic short-lived circular subduction when the oceanic lithosphere was young or to multi-slab subduction when the lithosphere was old.
KW  - subduction zone
KW  - plume
KW  - numerical model
KW  - singleslab
KW  - multi-slab
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008663
SN  - 1525-2027
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baes, Marzieh
A1  - Sobolev, Stephan V.
A1  - Gerya, Taras V.
A1  - Brune, Sascha
T1  - Subduction initiation by Plume-Plateau interaction
BT  - insights from numerical models
JF  - Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems
N2  - It has recently been demonstrated that the interaction of a mantle plume with sufficiently old oceanic lithosphere can initiate subduction. However, the existence of large lithospheric heterogeneities, such as a buoyant plateau, in proximity to a rising plume head may potentially hinder the formation of a new subduction zone. Here, we investigate this scenario by means of 3-D numerical thermomechanical modeling. We explore how plume-lithosphere interaction is affected by lithospheric age, relative location of plume head and plateau border, and the strength of the oceanic crust. Our numerical experiments suggest four different geodynamic regimes: (a) oceanic trench formation, (b) circular oceanic-plateau trench formation, (c) plateau trench formation, and (d) no trench formation. We show that regardless of the age and crustal strength of the oceanic lithosphere, subduction can initiate when the plume head is either below the plateau border or at a distance less than the plume radius from the plateau edge. Crustal heterogeneity facilitates subduction initiation of old oceanic lithosphere. High crustal strength hampers the formation of a new subduction zone when the plume head is located below a young lithosphere containing a thick and strong plateau. We suggest that plume-plateau interaction in the western margin of the Caribbean could have resulted in subduction initiation when the plume head impinged onto the oceanic lithosphere close to the border between plateau and oceanic crust.
KW  - subduction zone
KW  - plume
KW  - plateau
KW  - numerical modeling
KW  - plume-induced
KW  - subduction initiation (PISI)
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009119
SN  - 1525-2027
VL  - 21
IS  - 8
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoferichter, Frances
A1  - Kulakow, Stefan
A1  - Hufenbach, Miriam Catrin
T1  - Support from parents, peers, and teachers is differently associated with middle school students’ well-being
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Parents, peers, and teachers provide a powerful context for school students' well-being. However, a detailed and systematic analysis of how parental, peer, and teacher support relate to students' well-being, measured by the dimensions self-worth, psychological and physical well-being, is still missing. To address this research gap, the following study investigates 733 adolescent German students from grades 7 and 8 (M-age = 13.97, SD = 0.41, 52% girls) with respect to their perceived supportive relationships at home and within the school context. The study considers gender, socioeconomic status, and school form as potential confounders. The results of the structural equation model, analyzed with the statistical software R, indicate that perceived teacher support was positively related to students' self-worth and physical well-being, while peer support was related to psychological well-being. Students who perceived their parents as supportive reported higher well-being with respect to all three dimensions investigated.
KW  - social support
KW  - teachers
KW  - peers
KW  - parents
KW  - middle school students
KW  - well-being
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.758226
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eberhard, Julius
A1  - Schaik, N. Loes M. B.
A1  - Schibalski, Anett
A1  - Gräff, Thomas
T1  - Simulating future salinity dynamics in a coastal marshland under different climate scenarios
JF  - Vadose zone journal
N2  - Salinization is a well-known problem in agricultural areas worldwide. In the last 20-30 yr, rising salinity in the upper, unconfined aquifer has been observed in the Freepsumer Meer, a grassland near the German North Sea coast. For investigating long-term development of salinity and water balance during 1961-2099, the one-dimensional Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant (SWAP) model was set up and calibrated for a soil column in the area. The model setup involves a deep aquifer as the source of salt through upward seepage. In the vertical salt transport equation, dispersion and advection are included. Six different regional outputs of statistical downscaling methods were used as climate scenarios. These comprise different rates of increasing surface temperature and different trends in seasonal rainfall. The simulation results exhibit opposing salinity trends for topsoil and deeper layers. Although projections of some scenarios entail decreasing salinities near the surface, most of them project a rise in subsoil salinity, with the strongest trends of up to +0.9 mg cm(-3) 100 yr(-1) at -65 cm. The results suggest that topsoil salinity trends in the study area are affected by the magnitude of winter rainfall trends, whereas high subsoil salinities correspond to low winter rainfall and high summer temperature. How these projected trends affect the vegetation and thereby future land use will depend on the future management of groundwater levels in the area.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20008
SN  - 1539-1663
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Linke, Christian
A1  - Wösle, Markus
A1  - Harder, Anja
T1  - Anti-cancer agent 3-bromopyruvate reduces growth of MPNST and inhibits metabolic pathways in a representative in-vitro model
JF  - BMC cancer
N2  - Background
Anticancer compound 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) suppresses cancer cell growth via targeting glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism. The malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), a very aggressive, therapy resistant, and Neurofibromatosis type 1 associated neoplasia, shows a high metabolic activity and affected patients may therefore benefit from 3-BrPA treatment. To elucidate the specific mode of action, we used a controlled cell model overexpressing proteasome activator (PA) 28, subsequently leading to p53 inactivation and oncogenic transformation and therefore reproducing an important pathway in MPNST and overall tumor pathogenesis.

Methods
Viability of MPNST cell lines S462, NSF1, and T265 in response to increasing doses (0-120 mu M) of 3-BrPA was analyzed by CellTiter-Blue (R) assay. Additionally, we investigated viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (dihydroethidium assay), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase activity (NADH-TR assay) and lactate production (lactate assay) in mouse B8 fibroblasts overexpressing PA28 in response to 3-BrPA application. For all experiments normal and nutrient deficient conditions were tested. MPNST cell lines were furthermore characterized immunohistochemically for Ki67, p53, bcl2, bcl6, cyclin D1, and p21.

Results
MPNST significantly responded dose dependent to 3-BrPA application, whereby S462 cells were most responsive. Human control cells showed a reduced sensitivity. In PA28 overexpressing cancer cell model 3-BrPA application harmed mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase activity mildly and significantly failed to inhibit lactate production. PA28 overexpression was associated with a functional glycolysis as well as a partial resistance to stress provoked by nutrient deprivation. 3-BrPA treatment was not associated with an increase of ROS. Starvation sensitized MPNST to treatment.

Conclusions
Aggressive MPNST cells are sensitive to 3-BrPA therapy in-vitro with and without starvation. In a PA28 overexpression cancer cell model leading to p53 inactivation, thereby reflecting a key molecular feature in human NF1 associated MPNST, known functions of 3-BrPA to block mitochondrial activity and glycolysis were reproduced, however oncogenic cells displayed a partial resistance. To conclude, 3-BrPA was sufficient to reduce NF1 associated MPNST viability potentially due inhibition of glycolysis which should lead to the initiation of further studies and promises a potential benefit for NF1 patients.
KW  - MPNST
KW  - NF1
KW  - 3-BrPA
KW  - glycolysis
KW  - mitochondrial respiration
KW  - p53
KW  - starvation
KW  - cell cycle
KW  - PA28
KW  - B8 fibroblasts
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-020-07397-w
SN  - 1471-2407
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Borremans, An
A1  - Bußler, Sara
A1  - Sagu Tchewonpi, Sorel
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
A1  - Schlüter, Oliver K.
A1  - Leen, Van Campenhout
T1  - Effect of blanching plus fermentation on selected functional properties of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) powders
JF  - Foods : open access journal
N2  - The aim of this study was to determine the effect of blanching followed by fermentation of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) with commercial meat starter cultures on the functional properties of powders produced from the larvae. Full fat and defatted powder samples were prepared from non-fermented and fermented mealworm pastes. Then the crude protein, crude fat, and dry matter contents, pH, bulk density, colour, water and oil binding capacity, foaming capacity and stability, emulsion capacity and stability, protein solubility, quantity of free amino groups, and protein composition of the powders were evaluated. Regardless of the starter culture used, the blanching plus fermentation process reduced the crude and soluble protein contents of the full fat powders and in general impaired their water and oil binding, foaming, and emulsifying properties. Defatting of the powders improved most functional properties studied. The o-phthaldialdehyde assay revealed that the amount of free amino groups was higher in the fermented powders while sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the soluble proteins of the fermented powders were composed of molecules of lower molecular mass compared to non-fermented powders. As molecular sizes of the soluble proteins decreased, it was clear that the protein structure was also modified by the fermentation process, which in turn led to changes in functional properties. In general, it was concluded that fermentation of mealworms with blanching as a pre-treatment does not contribute to the functional properties studied in this work. Nevertheless, the results confirmed that the properties of non-fermented powders are comparable to other food protein sources.
KW  - mealworm
KW  - fermentation
KW  - functional properties
KW  - insect proteins
KW  - SDS-PAGE
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9070917
SN  - 2304-8158
VL  - 9
IS  - 7
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hahn, Daniela
A1  - Weck, Florian
A1  - Witthöft, Michael
A1  - Kühne, Franziska
T1  - Assessment of counseling self-efficacy
BT  - validation of the German Counselor Activity self-efficacy scales-revised
JF  - Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation
N2  - Background: 
Many authors regard counseling self-efficacy (CSE) as important in therapist development and training. The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the German version of the Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales-Revised (CASES-R).

Method:
The sample consisted of 670 German psychotherapy trainees, who completed an online survey. We examined the factor structure by applying exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to the instrument as a whole.

Results:
A bifactor-exploratory structural equation modeling model with one general and five specific factors provided the best fit to the data. Omega hierarchical coefficients indicated optimal reliability for the general factor, acceptable reliability for the Action Skills-Revised (AS-R) factor, and insufficient estimates for the remaining factors. The CASES-R scales yielded significant correlations with related measures, but also with therapeutic orientations.

Conclusion:
We found support for the reliability and validity of the German CASES-R. However, the subdomains (except AS-R) should be interpreted with caution, and we do not recommend the CASES-R for comparisons between psychotherapeutic orientations.
KW  - counselor activity self-efficacy scales
KW  - counseling self-efficacy
KW  - psychotherapy training
KW  - assessment
KW  - factor structure
KW  - validation
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.780088
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wright, Stephanie L.
A1  - Ulke, Jannis
A1  - Font, Anna
A1  - Chan, Ka Lung Andrew
A1  - Kelly, Frank J.
T1  - Atmospheric microplastic deposition in an urban environment and an evaluation of transport
JF  - Environment international
N2  - Microplastics are a global environmental issue contaminating aquatic and terrestrial environments. They have been reported in atmospheric deposition, and indoor and outdoor air, raising concern for public health due to the potential for exposure. Moreover, the atmosphere presents a new vehicle for microplastics to enter the wider environment, yet our knowledge of the quantities, characteristics and pathways of airborne microplastics is sparse. Here we show microplastics in atmospheric deposition in a major population centre, central London. Microplastics were found in all samples, with deposition rates ranging from 575 to 1008 microplastics/m(2)/d. They were found in various shapes, of which fibrous microplastics accounted for the great majority (92%). Across all samples, 15 different petrochemical-based polymers were identified. Bivariate polar plots indicated dependency on wind, with different source areas for fibrous and non-fibrous airborne microplastics. This is the first evidence of airborne microplastics in London and confirms the need to include airborne pathways when consolidating microplastic impacts on the wider environment and human health.
KW  - microplastics
KW  - atmospheric deposition
KW  - air pollution
KW  - urban
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105411
SN  - 0160-4120
SN  - 1873-6750
VL  - 136
PB  - Elsevier, Pergamon Press
CY  - New York, NY [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zurell, Damaris
A1  - von Wehrden, Henrik
A1  - Rotics, Shay
A1  - Kaatz, Michael
A1  - Gross, Helge
A1  - Schlag, Lena
A1  - Schäfer, Merlin
A1  - Sapir, Nir
A1  - Turjeman, Sondra
A1  - Wikelski, Martin
A1  - Nathan, Ran
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
T1  - Home range size and resource use of breeding and non-breeding white storks along a land use gradient
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2  - Biotelemetry is increasingly used to study animal movement at high spatial and temporal resolution and guide conservation and resource management. Yet, limited sample sizes and variation in space and habitat use across regions and life stages may compromise robustness of behavioral analyses and subsequent conservation plans. Here, we assessed variation in (i) home range sizes, (ii) home range selection, and (iii) fine-scale resource selection of white storks across breeding status and regions and test model transferability. Three study areas were chosen within the Central German breeding grounds ranging from agricultural to fluvial and marshland. We monitored GPS-locations of 62 adult white storks equipped with solar-charged GPS/3D-acceleration (ACC) transmitters in 2013-2014. Home range sizes were estimated using minimum convex polygons. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess home range selection and fine-scale resource selection by relating the home ranges and foraging sites to Corine habitat variables and normalized difference vegetation index in a presence/pseudo-absence design. We found strong variation in home range sizes across breeding stages with significantly larger home ranges in non-breeding compared to breeding white storks, but no variation between regions. Home range selection models had high explanatory power and well predicted overall density of Central German white stork breeding pairs. Also, they showed good transferability across regions and breeding status although variable importance varied considerably. Fine-scale resource selection models showed low explanatory power. Resource preferences differed both across breeding status and across regions, and model transferability was poor. Our results indicate that habitat selection of wild animals may vary considerably within and between populations, and is highly scale dependent. Thereby, home range scale analyses show higher robustness whereas fine-scale resource selection is not easily predictable and not transferable across life stages and regions. Such variation may compromise management decisions when based on data of limited sample size or limited regional coverage. We thus recommend home range scale analyses and sampling designs that cover diverse regional landscapes and ensure robust estimates of habitat suitability to conserve wild animal populations.
KW  - 3D-acceleration sensor
KW  - biotelemetry
KW  - Ciconia ciconia
KW  - home range selection
KW  - resource selection
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00079
SN  - 2296-701X
VL  - 6
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - des Aulnois, Maxime Georges
A1  - Réveillon, Damien
A1  - Robert, Elise
A1  - Caruana, Amandine
A1  - Briand, Enora
A1  - Guljamow, Arthur
A1  - Dittmann, Elke
A1  - Amzil, Zouher
A1  - Bormans, Myriam
T1  - Salt shock responses of Microcystis revealed through physiological, transcript, and metabolomic analyses
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - The transfer of Microcystis aeruginosa from freshwater to estuaries has been described worldwide and salinity is reported as the main factor controlling the expansion of M. aeruginosa to coastal environments. Analyzing the expression levels of targeted genes and employing both targeted and non-targeted metabolomic approaches, this study investigated the effect of a sudden salt increase on the physiological and metabolic responses of two toxic M. aeruginosa strains separately isolated from fresh and brackish waters, respectively, PCC 7820 and 7806. Supported by differences in gene expressions and metabolic profiles, salt tolerance was found to be strain specific. An increase in salinity decreased the growth of M. aeruginosa with a lesser impact on the brackish strain. The production of intracellular microcystin variants in response to salt stress correlated well to the growth rate for both strains. Furthermore, the release of microcystins into the surrounding medium only occurred at the highest salinity treatment when cell lysis occurred. This study suggests that the physiological responses of M. aeruginosa involve the accumulation of common metabolites but that the intraspecific salt tolerance is based on the accumulation of specific metabolites. While one of these was determined to be sucrose, many others remain to be identified. Taken together, these results provide evidence that M. aeruginosa is relatively salt tolerant in the mesohaline zone and microcystin (MC) release only occurs when the capacity of the cells to deal with salt increase is exceeded.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1130 
KW  - Microcystis aeruginosa
KW  - microcystin
KW  - salt stress
KW  - metabolomic
KW  - transcript
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472405
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 1130
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Henkenjohann, Richard
T1  - Role of individual motivations and privacy concerns in the adoption of German electronic patient record apps
BT  - a mixed-methods study
JF  - International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH / Molecular Diversity Preservation International
N2  - Germany's electronic patient record ("ePA") launched in 2021 with several attempts and years of delay. The development of such a large-scale project is a complex task, and so is its adoption. Individual attitudes towards an electronic health record are crucial, as individuals can reject opting-in to it and making any national efforts unachievable. Although the integration of an electronic health record serves potential benefits, it also constitutes risks for an individual's privacy. With a mixed-methods study design, this work provides evidence that different types of motivations and contextual privacy antecedents affect usage intentions towards the ePA. Most significantly, individual motivations stemming from feelings of volition or external mandates positively affect ePA adoption, although internal incentives are more powerful.
KW  - personal electronic health records
KW  - technology adoption
KW  - endogenous
KW  - motivations
KW  - health information privacy concern
KW  - mixed-methods
KW  - ePA
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189553
SN  - 1660-4601
VL  - 18
IS  - 18
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Paton, Eva
A1  - Vogel, Johannes Joscha
A1  - Kluge, Björn
A1  - Nehls, Thomas
T1  - Ausmaß, Trend und Extrema von Dürren im urbanen Raum
T1  - Extent, trend and extremes of droughts in urban areas
JF  - Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung
N2  - Summers are currently perceived to be getting longer, hotter and more extreme - and this impression is reinforced in urban areas by the occurrence of heat island effects in densely built-up areas. To assess the real extent of increasing drought occurrences in German cities, a DWD data set of 31 urban climate stations for the period 1950 to 2019 was analysed using the standardised precipitation index (SPI) with regard to meteorological drought lengths, drought extrema, heat waves and compound events in the form of simultaneously occurring heat waves and drought months. The analysis shows a large degree of heterogeneity within Germany: a severe drought occurred in most cities in 2018, while the year 2018 was among the three years with the longest droughts (since 1950) for only one third of the cities. Some southern and central German cities show a statistically significant increase in drought months per decade since 1950, other cities, mostly in the north and northwest, only show an increase in the past two decades or even no trend at all. The compound analysis of simultaneously occurring heat and drought months shows a strong increase at most stations in the last two decades, whereby the two components are responsible with a very different proportion regionally for the increase in compound events.
N2  - In der derzeitigen Wahrnehmung werden die Sommer dürrer, heißer und extremer – dieser Eindruck verstärkt sich im urbanen Raum durch das Auftreten von Hitzeinseleffekten in dicht bebauten Gebieten. Um das wirkliche Ausmaß der Dürre bewerten zu können, wurden Zeitreihendaten von 31 urbanen Klimastationen (DWD) für den Zeitraum 1950 bis 2019 mittels des standardisierten Niederschlagsindex (SPI) bezüglich Dürrelängen, Dürreextrema, Hitzewellen und gleichzeitig auftretenden Hitze- und Dürremonaten ausgewertet.
Die Analyse zeigt eine große Heterogenität innerhalb von Deutschland: In den meisten Städten trat 2018 eine lange Dürre von einer durchschnittlichen Dauer von 6 Monaten auf, gleichzeitig gehörte das Jahr 2018 nur bei einem Drittel der Städte zu den drei Jahren mit den längsten Dürren seit 1950. Bei den meisten betrachteten Stationen traten die längsten Dürren in den Jahren 1953, 1971 und 1976 auf. Bei einigen südlichen und mitteldeutschen Städten kann man eine statistisch signifikante Zunahme der Anzahl der Dürremonate pro Dekade seit 1950 verzeichnen. Andere Städte, eher im Norden und Nordwesten gelegen, zeigen nur in den letzten zwei Dekaden eine Zunahme oder gar keinen Trend. Die Compoundanalyse von gleichzeitig auftretenden Hitze- und Dürremonaten zeigt bei den meisten Stationen eine starke Zunahme innerhalb der letzten zwei Dekaden, wobei die beiden Komponenten regional mit einem sehr unterschiedlichen Anteil zur Zunahme der Compoundereignisse beitragen.
KW  - meteorological droughts
KW  - heat waves
KW  - compound events
KW  - standardised
KW  - precipitation index (SPI)
KW  - urban hydrology
KW  - meteorologische Dürren
KW  - Hitzewellen
KW  - Compoundereignisse
KW  - standardisierter Niederschlagsindex (SPI
KW  - urbane Hydrologie
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5675/HyWa_2021.1_1
SN  - 1439-1783
SN  - 2749-859X
VL  - 65
IS  - 1
SP  - 5
EP  - 16
PB  - Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde
CY  - Koblenz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hohaus, Vera
A1  - Zimmermann, Malte
T1  - Comparisons of equality with German so ... wie, and the relationship between degrees and properties
JF  - Journal of semantics
N2  - We present a compositionally transparent, unified semantic analysis of two kinds of so ... wie-equative constructions in German, namely degree equatives and property equatives in the domain of individuals or events. Unlike in English and many other European languages (Haspelmath & Buchholz 1998, Rett 2013), both equative types in German feature the parameter marker so, suggesting a unified analysis. We show that the parallel formal expression of German degree and property equatives is accompanied by a parallel syntactic distribution (in predicative, attributive, and adverbial position), and by identical semantic properties: Both equative types allow for scope ambiguities, show negative island effects out of context, and license the negative polarity item uberhaupt 'at all' in the complement clause. As the same properties are also shared by German comparatives, we adopt the influential quantificational analysis of comparatives in von Stechow (1984ab), Heim (1985, 2001, 2007), and Beck (2011), and treat both German equative types in a uniform manner as expressing universal quantification over sets of degrees or over sets of properties (of individuals or events). Conceptually, the uniform marking of degree-related and property-related meanings is expected given that the abstract semantic category degree (type ) can be reconstructed in terms of equivalence classes, i.e., ontologically simpler sets of individuals (type ) or events (type ). These are found in any language, showing that whether or not a language makes explicit reference to degrees (by means of gradable adjectives, degree question words, degree-only equatives) does not follow on general conceptual or semantic grounds, but is determined by the grammar of that language.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffaa011
SN  - 0167-5133
SN  - 1477-4593
VL  - 38
IS  - 1
SP  - 95
EP  - 143
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lindborg, Alma
A1  - Andersen, Tobias S.
T1  - Bayesian binding and fusion models explain illusion and enhancement effects in audiovisual speech perception
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Speech is perceived with both the ears and the eyes. Adding congruent visual speech improves the perception of a faint auditory speech stimulus, whereas adding incongruent visual speech can alter the perception of the utterance. The latter phenomenon is the case of the McGurk illusion, where an auditory stimulus such as e.g. "ba" dubbed onto a visual stimulus such as "ga" produces the illusion of hearing "da". Bayesian models of multisensory perception suggest that both the enhancement and the illusion case can be described as a two-step process of binding (informed by prior knowledge) and fusion (informed by the information reliability of each sensory cue). However, there is to date no study which has accounted for how they each contribute to audiovisual speech perception. In this study, we expose subjects to both congruent and incongruent audiovisual speech, manipulating the binding and the fusion stages simultaneously. This is done by varying both temporal offset (binding) and auditory and visual signal-to-noise ratio (fusion). We fit two Bayesian models to the behavioural data and show that they can both account for the enhancement effect in congruent audiovisual speech, as well as the McGurk illusion. This modelling approach allows us to disentangle the effects of binding and fusion on behavioural responses. Moreover, we find that these models have greater predictive power than a forced fusion model. This study provides a systematic and quantitative approach to measuring audiovisual integration in the perception of the McGurk illusion as well as congruent audiovisual speech, which we hope will inform future work on audiovisual speech perception.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246986
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Galka, Andreas
A1  - Moontaha, Sidratul
A1  - Siniatchkin, Michael
T1  - Constrained expectation maximisation algorithm for estimating ARMA models in state space representation
JF  - EURASIP journal on advances in signal processing
N2  - This paper discusses the fitting of linear state space models to given multivariate time series in the presence of constraints imposed on the four main parameter matrices of these models. Constraints arise partly from the assumption that the models have a block-diagonal structure, with each block corresponding to an ARMA process, that allows the reconstruction of independent source components from linear mixtures, and partly from the need to keep models identifiable. The first stage of parameter fitting is performed by the expectation maximisation (EM) algorithm. Due to the identifiability constraint, a subset of the diagonal elements of the dynamical noise covariance matrix needs to be constrained to fixed values (usually unity). For this kind of constraints, so far, no closed-form update rules were available. We present new update rules for this situation, both for updating the dynamical noise covariance matrix directly and for updating a matrix square-root of this matrix. The practical applicability of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by a low-dimensional simulation example. The behaviour of the EM algorithm, as observed in this example, illustrates the well-known fact that in practical applications, the EM algorithm should be combined with a different algorithm for numerical optimisation, such as a quasi-Newton algorithm.
KW  - Kalman filtering
KW  - state space modelling
KW  - expectation maximisation algorithm
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-020-00678-3
SN  - 1687-6180
VL  - 2020
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Susman, Roni
A1  - Gütte, Annelie Maja
A1  - Weith, Thomas
T1  - Drivers of land use conflicts in infrastructural mega projects in coastal areas
BT  - a case study of Patimban Seaport, Indonesia
JF  - Land : open access journal
N2  - Coastal areas are particularly sensitive because they are complex, and related land use conflicts are more intense than those in noncoastal areas. In addition to representing a unique encounter of natural and socioeconomic factors, coastal areas have become paradigms of progressive urbanisation and economic development. Our study of the infrastructural mega project of Patimban Seaport in Indonesia explores the factors driving land use changes and the subsequent land use conflicts emerging from large-scale land transformation in the course of seaport development and mega project governance. We utilised interviews and questionnaires to investigate institutional aspects and conflict drivers. Specifically, we retrace and investigate the mechanisms guiding how mega project governance, land use planning, and actual land use interact. Therefore, we observe and analyse where land use conflicts emerge and the roles that a lack of stakeholder interest involvement and tenure-responsive planning take in this process. Our findings reflect how mismanagement and inadequate planning processes lead to market failure, land abandonment and dereliction and how they overburden local communities with the costs of mega projects. Enforcing a stronger coherence between land use planning, participation and land tenure within the land governance process in coastal land use development at all levels and raising the capacity of stakeholders to interfere with governance and planning processes will reduce conflicts and lead to sustainable coastal development in Indonesia.
KW  - infrastructural mega projects
KW  - land use conflicts
KW  - land tenure
KW  - land use
KW  - planning
KW  - Patimban Seaport
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060615
SN  - 2073-445X
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scherler, Dirk
A1  - Schwanghart, Wolfgang
T1  - Drainage divide networks
BT  - Part 2: Response to perturbations
JF  - Earth surface dynamics
N2  - Drainage divides are organized into tree-like networks that may record information about drainage divide mobility. However, views diverge about how to best assess divide mobility. Here, we apply a new approach of automatically extracting and ordering drainage divide networks from digital elevation models to results from landscape evolution model experiments. We compared landscapes perturbed by strike-slip faulting and spatiotemporal variations in erodibility to a reference model to assess which topographic metrics (hillslope relief, flow distance, and chi) are diagnostic of divide mobility. Results show that divide segments that are a minimum distance of similar to 5 km from river confluences strive to attain constant values of hillslope relief and flow distance to the nearest stream. Disruptions of such patterns can be related to mobile divides that are lower than stable divides, closer to streams, and often asymmetric in shape. In general, we observe that drainage divides high up in the network, i.e., at great distances from river confluences, are more susceptible to disruptions than divides closer to these confluences and are thus more likely to record disturbance for a longer time period. We found that across-divide differences in hillslope relief proved more useful for assessing divide migration than other tested metrics. However, even stable drainage divide networks exhibit across-divide differences in any of the studied topographic metrics. Finally, we propose a new metric to quantify the connectivity of divide junctions.
KW  - dynamics
KW  - landscape evolution
KW  - low-relief
KW  - patterns
KW  - river
KW  - scale
KW  - tectonics
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-261-2020
SN  - 2196-6311
SN  - 2196-632X
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
SP  - 261
EP  - 274
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Apriyanto, Ardha
A1  - Ajambang, Walter
T1  - Transcriptomic dataset for early inflorescence stages of oil palm in response to defoliation stress
JF  - Data in Brief
N2  - Oil palm breeding and seed development have been hindered due to the male parent's incapacity to produce male inflorescence as a source of pollen under normal conditions. On the other hand, a young oil palm plantation has a low pollination rate due to a lack of male flowers. These are the common problem of sex ratio in the oil palm industry. Nevertheless, the regulation of sex ratio in oil palm plants is a complex mechanism and remains an open question until now. Researchers have previously used complete defoliation to induce male inflorescences, but the biological and molecular mechanisms underlying this morphological change have yet to be discovered. Here, we present an RNA-seq dataset from three early stages of an oil palm inflorescence under normal conditions and complete defoliation stress. This transcriptomic dataset is a valuable resource to improve our understanding of sex determination mechanisms in oil palm inflorescence.
KW  - Complete defoliation
KW  - Flower development
KW  - Leaf axil
KW  - NGS
KW  - RNA-seq
KW  - Sex
KW  - determination
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.107914
SN  - 2352-3409
VL  - 41
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Apriyanto, Ardha
A1  - Tambunan, Van Basten
T1  - The complete mitochondrial genome of oil palm pollinating weevil, Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust
BT  - (Coleoptera : Curculionidae)
JF  - Mitochondrial DNA: Part B
N2  - Elaeidobius kamerunicusis the most important insect pollinator in oil palm plantations. In this study, the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) ofE. kamerunicus(17.729 bp), a member of the Curculionidae family, will be reported. The mitogenome consisted of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and a putative control region (CR). Phylogenetic analysis based on 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) using maximum Likelihood (ML) methods indicated thatE. kamerunicusbelongs to the Curculionidae family. This mitochondrial genome provides essential information for understanding genetic populations, phylogenetics, molecular evolution, and other biological applications in this species.
KW  - Mitogenome
KW  - oil palm
KW  - pollinator
KW  - phylogeny
KW  - weevil
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2020.1823899
SN  - 2380-2359
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
SP  - 3450
EP  - 3452
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rolph, Rebecca
A1  - Overduin, Pier Paul
A1  - Ravens, Thomas
A1  - Lantuit, Hugues
A1  - Langer, Moritz
T1  - ArcticBeach v1.0
BT  - a physics-based parameterization of pan-Arctic coastline erosion
JF  - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2  - In the Arctic, air temperatures are increasing and sea ice is declining, resulting in larger waves and a longer open water season, all of which intensify the thaw and erosion of ice-rich coasts. Climate change has been shown to increase the rate of Arctic coastal erosion, causing problems for Arctic cultural heritage, existing industrial, military, and civil infrastructure, as well as changes in nearshore biogeochemistry. Numerical models that reproduce historical and project future Arctic erosion rates are necessary to understand how further climate change will affect these problems, and no such model yet exists to simulate the physics of erosion on a pan-Arctic scale. We have coupled a bathystrophic storm surge model to a simplified physical erosion model of a permafrost coastline. This Arctic erosion model, called ArcticBeach v1.0, is a first step toward a physical parameterization of Arctic shoreline erosion for larger-scale models. It is forced by wind speed and direction, wave period and height, sea surface temperature, all of which are masked during times of sea ice cover near the coastline. Model tuning requires observed historical retreat rates (at least one value), as well as rough nearshore bathymetry. These parameters are already available on a pan-Arctic scale. The model is validated at three study sites at 1) Drew Point (DP), Alaska, 2) Mamontovy Khayata (MK), Siberia, and 3) Veslebogen Cliffs, Svalbard. Simulated cumulative retreat rates for DP and MK respectively (169 and 170 m) over the time periods studied at each site (2007-2016, and 1995-2018) are found to the same order of magnitude as observed cumulative retreat (172 and 120 m). The rocky Veslebogen cliffs have small observed cumulative retreat rates (0.05 m over 2014-2016), and our model was also able to reproduce this same order of magnitude of retreat (0.08 m). Given the large differences in geomorphology between the study sites, this study provides a proof-of-concept that ArcticBeach v1.0 can be applied on very different permafrost coastlines. ArcticBeach v1.0 provides a promising starting point to project retreat of Arctic shorelines, or to evaluate historical retreat in places that have had few observations.
KW  - permafrost
KW  - erosion
KW  - modelling
KW  - arctic
KW  - climate change
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.962208
SN  - 2296-6463
VL  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heckenbach, Esther Lina
A1  - Brune, Sascha
A1  - Glerum, Anne C.
A1  - Bott, Judith
T1  - Is there a speed limit for the thermal steady-state assumption in continental rifts?
JF  - Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G 3 ; an electronic journal of the earth sciences
N2  - The lithosphere is often assumed to reside in a thermal steady-state when quantitatively describing the temperature distribution in continental interiors and sedimentary basins, but also at active plate boundaries. Here, we investigate the applicability limit of this assumption at slowly deforming continental rifts. To this aim, we assess the tectonic thermal imprint in numerical experiments that cover a range of realistic rift configurations. For each model scenario, the deviation from thermal equilibrium is evaluated. This is done by comparing the transient temperature field of every model to a corresponding steady-state model with an identical structural configuration. We find that the validity of the thermal steady-state assumption strongly depends on rift type, divergence velocity, sampling location, and depth within the rift. Maximum differences between transient and steady-state models occur in narrow rifts, at the rift sides, and if the extension rate exceeds 0.5-2 mm/a. Wide rifts, however, reside close to thermal steady-state even for high extension velocities. The transient imprint of rifting appears to be overall negligible for shallow isotherms with a temperature less than 100 degrees C. Contrarily, a steady-state treatment of deep crustal isotherms leads to an underestimation of crustal temperatures, especially for narrow rift settings. Thus, not only relatively fast rifts like the Gulf of Corinth, Red Sea, and Main Ethiopian Rift, but even slow rifts like the Kenya Rift, Rhine Graben, and Rio Grande Rift must be expected to feature a pronounced transient component in the temperature field and to therefore violate the thermal steady-state assumption for deeper crustal isotherms.
KW  - basin analysis
KW  - geodynamics
KW  - numerical modeling
KW  - rifting
KW  - thermal
KW  - modeling
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009577
SN  - 1525-2027
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - De Lucia, Marco
A1  - Kühn, Michael
T1  - DecTree v1.0-chemistry speedup in reactive transport simulations
BT  - purely data-driven and physics-based surrogates
JF  - Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - The computational costs associated with coupled reactive transport simulations are mostly due to the chemical subsystem: replacing it with a pre-trained statistical surrogate is a promising strategy to achieve decisive speedups at the price of small accuracy losses and thus to extend the scale of problems which can be handled. We introduce a hierarchical coupling scheme in which "full-physics" equation-based geochemical simulations are partially replaced by surrogates. Errors in mass balance resulting from multivariate surrogate predictions effectively assess the accuracy of multivariate regressions at runtime: inaccurate surrogate predictions are rejected and the more expensive equation-based simulations are run instead. Gradient boosting regressors such as XGBoost, not requiring data standardization and being able to handle Tweedie distributions, proved to be a suitable emulator. Finally, we devise a surrogate approach based on geochemical knowledge, which overcomes the issue of robustness when encountering previously unseen data and which can serve as a basis for further development of hybrid physics-AI modelling.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4713-2021
SN  - 1991-959X
SN  - 1991-9603
VL  - 14
IS  - 7
SP  - 4713
EP  - 4730
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ramage, Justine Lucille
A1  - Irrgang, Anna Maria
A1  - Morgenstern, Anne
A1  - Lantuit, Hugues
T1  - Increasing coastal slump activity impacts the release of sediment and organic carbon into the Arctic Ocean
JF  - Biogeosciences
N2  - Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs) are among the most active thermokarst landforms in the Arctic and deliver a large amount of material to the Arctic Ocean. However, their contribution to the organic carbon (OC) budget is unknown. We provide the first estimate of the contribution of RTSs to the nearshore OC budget of the Yukon Coast, Canada, and describe the evolution of coastal RTSs between 1952 and 2011 in this area. We (1) describe the evolution of RTSs between 1952 and 2011; (2) calculate the volume of eroded material and stocks of OC mobilized through slumping, including soil organic carbon (SOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC); and (3) estimate the OC fluxes mobilized through slumping between 1972 and 2011. We identified RTSs using high- resolution satellite imagery from 2011 and geocoded aerial photographs from 1952 and 1972. To estimate the volume of eroded material, we applied spline interpolation on an airborne lidar dataset acquired in July 2013. We inferred the stocks of mobilized SOC and DOC from existing related literature. Our results show a 73% increase in the number of RTSs and 14% areal expansion between 1952 and 2011. In the study area, RTSs displaced at least 16.6 x 10(6) m(3) of material, 53% of which was ice, and mobilized 145.9 x 10(6) kg of OC. Between 1972 and 2011, 49 RTSs displaced 8.6 x 10(3) m(3) yr(-1) of material, adding 0.6% to the OC flux released by coastal retreat along the Yukon Coast. Our results show that the contribution of RTSs to the nearshore OC budget is non-negligible and should be included when estimating the quantity of OC released from the Arctic coast to the ocean.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1483-2018
SN  - 1726-4170
SN  - 1726-4189
VL  - 15
IS  - 5
SP  - 1483
EP  - 1495
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lopukhina, Anastasiya
A1  - Lopukhin, Konstantin
A1  - Laurinavichyute, Anna
T1  - Morphosyntactic but not lexical corpus-based probabilities can substitute for cloze probabilities in reading experiments
JF  - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science
N2  - During reading or listening, people can generate predictions about the lexical and morphosyntactic properties of upcoming input based on available context. Psycholinguistic experiments that study predictability or control for it conventionally rely on a human-based approach and estimate predictability via the cloze task. Our study investigated an alternative corpus-based approach for estimating predictability via language predictability models. We obtained cloze and corpus-based probabilities for all words in 144 Russian sentences, correlated the two measures, and found a strong correlation between them. Importantly, we estimated how much variance in eye movements registered while reading the same sentences was explained by each of the two probabilities and whether the two probabilities explain the same variance. Along with lexical predictability (the activation of a particular word form), we analyzed morphosyntactic predictability (the activation of morphological features of words) and its effect on reading times over and above lexical predictability. We found that for predicting reading times, cloze and corpus-based measures of both lexical and morphosyntactic predictability explained the same amount of variance. However, cloze and corpus-based lexical probabilities both independently contributed to a better model fit, whereas for morphosyntactic probabilities, the contributions of cloze and corpus-based measures were interchangeable. Therefore, morphosyntactic but not lexical corpus-based probabilities can substitute for cloze probabilities in reading experiments. Our results also indicate that in languages with rich inflectional morphology, such as Russian, when people engage in prediction, they are much more successful in predicting isolated morphosyntactic features than predicting the particular lexeme and its full morphosyntactic markup.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246133
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mazurek-Budzyńska, Magdalena
A1  - Behl, Marc
A1  - Neumann, Richard
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - 4D-actuators by 3D-printing combined with water-based curing
JF  - Materials today. Communications
N2  - The shape and the actuation capability of state of the art robotic devices typically relies on multimaterial systems from a combination of geometry determining materials and actuation components. Here, we present multifunctional 4D-actuators processable by 3D-printing, in which the actuator functionality is integrated into the shaped body. The materials are based on crosslinked poly(carbonate-urea-urethane) networks (PCUU), synthesized in an integrated process, applying reactive extrusion and subsequent water-based curing. Actuation capability could be added to the PCUU, prepared from aliphatic oligocarbonate diol, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and water, in a thermomechanical programming process. When programmed with a strain of epsilon(prog) = 1400% the PCUU networks exhibited actuation apparent by reversible elongation epsilon'(rev) of up to 22%. In a gripper a reversible bending epsilon'(rev)((be)(nd)()) in the range of 37-60% was achieved when the actuation temperature (T-high) was varied between 45 degrees C and 49 degrees C. The integration of actuation and shape formation could be impressively demonstrated in two PCUU-based reversible fastening systems, which were able to hold weights of up to 1.1 kg. In this way, the multifunctional materials are interesting candidate materials for robotic applications where a freedom in shape design and actuation is required as well as for sustainable fastening systems.
KW  - 4D-actuation
KW  - 3D-printing
KW  - Ink
KW  - Gripper
KW  - Fastener
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102966
SN  - 2352-4928
VL  - 30
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fuchs, Susanne
A1  - Koenig, Laura L.
A1  - Gerstenberg, Annette
T1  - A longitudinal study of speech acoustics in older French females
BT  - analysis of the filler particle euh across utterance positions
JF  - Languages : open access journal
N2  - Aging in speech production is a multidimensional process. Biological, cognitive, social, and communicative factors can change over time, stay relatively stable, or may even compensate for each other. In this longitudinal work, we focus on stability and change at the laryngeal and supralaryngeal levels in the discourse particle euh produced by 10 older French-speaking females at two times, 10 years apart. Recognizing the multiple discourse roles of euh, we divided out occurrences according to utterance position. We quantified the frequency of euh, and evaluated acoustic changes in formants, fundamental frequency, and voice quality across time and utterance position. Results showed that euh frequency was stable with age. The only acoustic measure that revealed an age effect was harmonics-to-noise ratio, showing less noise at older ages. Other measures mostly varied with utterance position, sometimes in interaction with age. Some voice quality changes could reflect laryngeal adjustments that provide for airflow conservation utterance-finally. The data suggest that aging effects may be evident in some prosodic positions (e.g., utterance-final position), but not others (utterance-initial position). Thus, it is essential to consider the interactions among these factors in future work and not assume that vocal aging is evident throughout the signal.
KW  - aging
KW  - prosody
KW  - voice quality
KW  - fundamental frequency
KW  - formants
KW  - filler
KW  - particles
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6040211
SN  - 2226-471X
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sauter, Tilman
A1  - Kratz, Karl
A1  - Heuchel, Matthias
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Fiber diameter as design parameter for tailoring the macroscopic shape-memory performance of electrospun meshes
JF  - Materials and design
N2  - Fibrous shape-memory polymer (SMP) scaffolds were investigated considering the fiber as basic microstructural feature. By reduction of the fiber diameter in randomly oriented electrospun polyetherurethane (PEU) meshes from the micro-to the nano-scale, we observed changes in the molecular orientation within the fibers and its impact on the structural and shape-memory performance. It was assumed that a spatial restriction by reduction of the fiber diameter increases molecular orientation along the orientation of the fiber. The stress-strain relation of random PEU scaffolds is initially determined by the 3D arrangement of the fibers and thus is independent of the molecular orientation. Increasing the molecular orientation with decreasing single fiber diameter in scaffolds composed of randomly arranged fibers did not alter the initial stiffness and peak stress but strongly influenced the elongation at break and the stress increase above the Yield point. Reduction of the single fiber diameter also distinctly improved the shape-memory performance of the scaffolds. Fibers with nanoscale diameters (< 100 nm) possessed an almost complete shape recovery, high recovery stresses and fast relaxation kinetics, while the shape fixity was found to decrease with decreasing fiber diameter. Hence, the fiber diameter is a relevant design parameter for SMP.
KW  - Nanofiber
KW  - Shape-memory polymer
KW  - Electrospinning
KW  - Function by design
KW  - Molecular orientation
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109546
SN  - 1873-4197
VL  - 202
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Warmt, Christian
A1  - Fenzel, Carolin Kornelia
A1  - Henkel, Jörg
A1  - Bier, Frank Fabian
T1  - Using Cy5-dUTP labelling of RPA-amplicons with downstream microarray analysis for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - In this report we describe Cy5-dUTP labelling of recombinase-polymerase-amplification (RPA) products directly during the amplification process for the first time. Nucleic acid amplification techniques, especially polymerase-chain-reaction as well as various isothermal amplification methods such as RPA, becomes a promising tool in the detection of pathogens and target specific genes. Actually, RPA even provides more advantages. This isothermal method got popular in point of care diagnostics because of its speed and sensitivity but requires pre-labelled primer or probes for a following detection of the amplicons. To overcome this disadvantages, we performed an labelling of RPA-amplicons with Cy5-dUTP without the need of pre-labelled primers. The amplification results of various multiple antibiotic resistance genes indicating great potential as a flexible and promising tool with high specific and sensitive detection capabilities of the target genes. After the determination of an appropriate rate of 1% Cy5-dUTP and 99% unlabelled dTTP we were able to detect the bla(CTX-M15) gene in less than 1.6E-03 ng genomic DNA corresponding to approximately 200 cfu of Escherichia coli cells in only 40 min amplification time.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99774-z
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
PB  - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
CY  - [London]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ruchi, Sangeetika
A1  - Dubinkina, Svetlana
A1  - Wiljes, Jana de
T1  - Fast hybrid tempered ensemble transform filter formulation for Bayesian elliptical problems via Sinkhorn approximation
JF  - Nonlinear processes in geophysics / European Geosciences Union ; American Geophysical Union
N2  - Identification of unknown parameters on the basis of partial and noisy data is a challenging task, in particular in high dimensional and non-linear settings. Gaussian approximations to the problem, such as ensemble Kalman inversion, tend to be robust and computationally cheap and often produce astonishingly accurate estimations despite the simplifying underlying assumptions. Yet there is a lot of room for improvement, specifically regarding a correct approximation of a non-Gaussian posterior distribution. The tempered ensemble transform particle filter is an adaptive Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) method, whereby resampling is based on optimal transport mapping. Unlike ensemble Kalman inversion, it does not require any assumptions regarding the posterior distribution and hence has shown to provide promising results for non-linear non-Gaussian inverse problems. However, the improved accuracy comes with the price of much higher computational complexity, and the method is not as robust as ensemble Kalman inversion in high dimensional problems. In this work, we add an entropy-inspired regularisation factor to the underlying optimal transport problem that allows the high computational cost to be considerably reduced via Sinkhorn iterations. Further, the robustness of the method is increased via an ensemble Kalman inversion proposal step before each update of the samples, which is also referred to as a hybrid approach. The promising performance of the introduced method is numerically verified by testing it on a steady-state single-phase Darcy flow model with two different permeability configurations. The results are compared to the output of ensemble Kalman inversion, and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods results are computed as a benchmark.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-28-23-2021
SN  - 1023-5809
SN  - 1607-7946
VL  - 28
IS  - 1
SP  - 23
EP  - 41
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Neffe, Axel T.
A1  - Izraylit, Victor
A1  - Hommes-Schattmann, Paul J.
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Soft, formstable (Co)polyester blend elastomers
JF  - Nanomaterials : open access journal
N2  - High crystallization rate and thermomechanical stability make polylactide stereocomplexes effective nanosized physical netpoints. Here, we address the need for soft, form-stable degradable elastomers for medical applications by designing such blends from (co)polyesters, whose mechanical properties are ruled by their nanodimensional architecture and which are applied as single components in implants. By careful controlling of the copolymer composition and sequence structure of poly[(L-lactide)-co-(epsilon-caprolactone)], it is possible to prepare hyperelastic polymer blends formed through stereocomplexation by adding poly(D-lactide) (PDLA). Low glass transition temperature T-g <= 0 degrees C of the mixed amorphous phase contributes to the low Young's modulus E. The formation of stereocomplexes is shown in DSC by melting transitions T-m > 190 degrees C and in WAXS by distinct scattering maxima at 2 theta = 12 degrees and 21 degrees. Tensile testing demonstrated that the blends are soft (E = 12-80 MPa) and show an excellent hyperelastic recovery R-rec = 66-85% while having high elongation at break epsilon(b) up to >1000%. These properties of the blends are attained only when the copolymer has 56-62 wt% lactide content, a weight average molar mass >140 kg center dot mol(-1), and number average lactide sequence length >= 4.8, while the blend is formed with a content of 5-10 wt% of PDLA. The devised strategy to identify a suitable copolymer for stereocomplexation and blend formation is transferable to further polymer systems and will support the development of thermoplastic elastomers suitable for medical applications.
KW  - thermoplastic elastomer
KW  - biomaterial
KW  - stereocomplexes
KW  - mechanical
KW  - properties
KW  - form stability
KW  - crystallinity
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11061472
SN  - 2079-4991
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Barlow, Axel
A1  - Hartmann, Stefanie
A1  - Gonzalez, Javier
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
A1  - Paijmans, Johanna L. A.
T1  - Consensify
BT  - a method for generating pseudohaploid genome sequences from palaeogenomic datasets with reduced error rates
JF  - Genes / Molecular Diversity Preservation International
N2  - A standard practise in palaeogenome analysis is the conversion of mapped short read data into pseudohaploid sequences, frequently by selecting a single high-quality nucleotide at random from the stack of mapped reads. This controls for biases due to differential sequencing coverage, but it does not control for differential rates and types of sequencing error, which are frequently large and variable in datasets obtained from ancient samples. These errors have the potential to distort phylogenetic and population clustering analyses, and to mislead tests of admixture using D statistics. We introduce Consensify, a method for generating pseudohaploid sequences, which controls for biases resulting from differential sequencing coverage while greatly reducing error rates. The error correction is derived directly from the data itself, without the requirement for additional genomic resources or simplifying assumptions such as contemporaneous sampling. For phylogenetic and population clustering analysis, we find that Consensify is less affected by artefacts than methods based on single read sampling. For D statistics, Consensify is more resistant to false positives and appears to be less affected by biases resulting from different laboratory protocols than other frequently used methods. Although Consensify is developed with palaeogenomic data in mind, it is applicable for any low to medium coverage short read datasets. We predict that Consensify will be a useful tool for future studies of palaeogenomes.
KW  - palaeogenomics
KW  - ancient DNA
KW  - sequencing error
KW  - error reduction
KW  - D statistics
KW  - bioinformatics
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11010050
SN  - 2073-4425
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nicoli, Gautier
A1  - Ferrero, Silvio
T1  - Nanorocks, volatiles and plate tectonics
JF  - Geoscience frontiers
N2  - The global geological volatile cycle (H, C, N) plays an important role in the long term self-regulation of the Earth system. However, the complex interaction between its deep, solid Earth components (i.e. crust and mantle), Earth's fluid envelopes (i.e. atmosphere and hydrosphere) and plate tectonic processes is a subject of ongoing debate. In this study we want to draw attention to how the presence of primary melt (MI) and fluid (FI) inclusions in high-grade metamorphic minerals could help constrain the crustal component of the volatile cycle. To that end, we review the distribution of MI and FI throughout Earth's history, from ca. 3.0 Ga ago up to the present day. We argue that the lower crust might constitute an important, long-term, volatile storage unit, capable to influence the composition of the surface envelopes through the mean of weathering, crustal thickening, partial melting and crustal assimilation during volcanic activity. Combined with thermodynamic modelling, our compilation indicates that periods of well-established plate tectonic regimes at <0.85 Ga and 1.7-2.1 Ga, might be more prone to the reworking of supracrustal lithologies and the storage of volatiles in the lower crust. Such hypothesis has implication beyond the scope of metamorphic petrology as it potentially links geodynamic mechanisms to habitable surface conditions. MI and FI in metamorphic crustal rocks then represent an invaluable archive to assess and quantify the co-joint evolution of plate tectonics and Earth's external processes. (C) 2021 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
KW  - Nanorocks
KW  - Plate tectonics
KW  - Volatiles
KW  - Lower crust
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101188
SN  - 1674-9871
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
PB  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
CY  - Elsevier
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ropp, Guillaume
A1  - Lesur, Vincent
A1  - Bärenzung, Julien
A1  - Holschneider, Matthias
T1  - Sequential modelling of the Earth’s core magnetic field
JF  - Earth, Planets and Space
N2  - We describe a new, original approach to the modelling of the Earth's magnetic field. The overall objective of this study is to reliably render fast variations of the core field and its secular variation. This method combines a sequential modelling approach, a Kalman filter, and a correlation-based modelling step. Sources that most significantly contribute to the field measured at the surface of the Earth are modelled. Their separation is based on strong prior information on their spatial and temporal behaviours. We obtain a time series of model distributions which display behaviours similar to those of recent models based on more classic approaches, particularly at large temporal and spatial scales. Interesting new features and periodicities are visible in our models at smaller time and spatial scales. An important aspect of our method is to yield reliable error bars for all model parameters. These errors, however, are only as reliable as the description of the different sources and the prior information used are realistic. Finally, we used a slightly different version of our method to produce candidate models for the thirteenth edition of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field.
KW  - geomagnetic field
KW  - secular variation
KW  - Kalman filter
KW  - IGRF
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-020-01230-1
SN  - 1880-5981
VL  - 72
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Amaechi, Mary Chimaobi
A1  - Georgi, Doreen
T1  - Quirks of subject (non-)extraction in Igbo
JF  - Glossa : a journal of general linguistics
N2  - In this paper we present new data on a subject/non-subject extraction asymmetry in Igbo constituent questions. We provide evidence that the superficially morphological phenomenon reflects a deeper syntactic asymmetry: Unlike wh-non-subjects, wh-subjects cannot undergo local (A) over bar -movement to the left periphery (SpecFoc); rather, they have to stay in their canonical position SpecT. The same constraint also leads to the that-trace effect (absence of the complementizer) in the embedded clause of long subject wh-movement. We argue that what is responsible for the special status of wh-subjects is their high structural position. We provide an optimality-theoretic analysis of the asymmetry that is based on anti-locality: Local subject (A) over bar -movement is excluded because it is too short. Moreover, we address the nature of apparent wh-in-situ in Igbo.
KW  - extraction asymmetries
KW  - wh-movement
KW  - wh-in-situ
KW  - focus marking
KW  - that-trace effect
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.607
SN  - 2397-1835
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
PB  - Ubiquity Press
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bruun, Kristina
A1  - Hille, Carsten
T1  - Study on intracellular delivery of liposome encapsulated quantum dots using advanced fluorescence microscopy
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - Quantum dots increasingly gain popularity for in vivo applications. However, their delivery and accumulation into cells can be challenging and there is still lack of detailed information. Thereby, the application of advanced fluorescence techniques can expand the portfolio of useful parameters for a more comprehensive evaluation. Here, we encapsulated hydrophilic quantum dots into liposomes for studying cellular uptake of these so-called lipodots into living cells. First, we investigated photophysical properties of free quantum dots and lipodots observing changes in the fluorescence decay time and translational diffusion behaviour. In comparison to empty liposomes, lipodots exhibited an altered zeta potential, whereas their hydrodynamic size did not change. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), both combined with two-photon excitation (2P), were used to investigate the interaction behaviour of lipodots with an insect epithelial tissue. In contrast to the application of free quantum dots, their successful delivery into the cytosol of salivary gland duct cells could be observed when applying lipodots. Lipodots with different lipid compositions and surface charges did not result in considerable differences in the intracellular labelling pattern, luminescence decay time and diffusion behaviour. However, quantum dot degradation after intracellular accumulation could be assumed from reduced luminescence decay times and blue-shifted luminescence signals. In addition to single diffusing quantum dots, possible intracellular clustering of quantum dots could be assumed from increased diffusion times. Thus, by using a simple and manageable liposome carrier system, 2P-FLIM and 2P-FCS recording protocols could be tested, which are promising for investigating the fate of quantum dots during cellular interaction.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46732-5
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 9
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kwiatek, Grzegorz
A1  - Saarno, Tero
A1  - Ader, Thomas
A1  - Blümle, Felix
A1  - Bohnhoff, Marco
A1  - Chendorain, Michael
A1  - Dresen, Georg
A1  - Heikkinen, Pekka
A1  - Kukkonen, Ilmo
A1  - Leary, Peter
A1  - Leonhardt, Maria
A1  - Malin, Peter
A1  - Martinez-Garzon, Patricia
A1  - Passmore, Kevin
A1  - Passmore, Paul
A1  - Valenzuela, Sergio
A1  - Wollin, Christopher
T1  - Controlling fluid-induced seismicity during a 6.1-km-deep geothermal stimulation in Finland
JF  - Science Advances
N2  - We show that near-real-time seismic monitoring of fluid injection allowed control of induced earthquakes during the stimulation of a 6.1-km-deep geothermal well near Helsinki, Finland. A total of 18,160 m(3) of fresh water was pumped into crystalline rocks over 49 days in June to July 2018. Seismic monitoring was performed with a 24-station borehole seismometer network. Using near-real-time information on induced-earthquake rates, locations, magnitudes, and evolution of seismic and hydraulic energy, pumping was either stopped or varied-in the latter case, between well-head pressures of 60 and 90 MPa and flow rates of 400 and 800 liters/min. This procedure avoided the nucleation of a project-stopping magnitude M-W 2.0 induced earthquake, a limit set by local authorities. Our results suggest a possible physics-based approach to controlling stimulation-induced seismicity in geothermal projects.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav7224
SN  - 2375-2548
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Beckus, Siegfried
A1  - Eliaz, Latif
T1  - Eigenfunctions growth of R-limits on graphs
JF  - Journal of spectral theory / European Mathematical Society
N2  - A characterization of the essential spectrum of Schrodinger operators on infinite graphs is derived involving the concept of R-limits. This concept, which was introduced previously for operators on N and Z(d) as "right-limits," captures the behaviour of the operator at infinity. For graphs with sub-exponential growth rate, we show that each point in sigma(ss)(H) corresponds to a bounded generalized eigenfunction of a corresponding R-limit of H. If, additionally, the graph is of uniform sub-exponential growth, also the converse inclusion holds.
KW  - Essential spectrum
KW  - Schrodinger operators
KW  - graphs
KW  - right limits
KW  - generalized eigenfunctions
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4171/JST/389
SN  - 1664-039X
SN  - 1664-0403
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
SP  - 1895
EP  - 1933
PB  - EMS Press, an imprint of the European Mathematical Society - EMS - Publishing House GmbH, Institut für Mathematik, Technische Universität
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weymar, Mathias
A1  - Zähle, Tino
T1  - Editorial: New frontiers in noninvasive brain stimulation
BT  - cognitive, affective and neurobiological effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation
JF  - Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation
KW  - vagus nerve stimulation
KW  - tVNS
KW  - neuromodulation
KW  - cognition
KW  - affective
KW  - neurobiological
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.694723
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  -