TY - JOUR
A1 - Kupfer, Thomas
A1 - Bauer, Evan B.
A1 - van Roestel, Jan
A1 - Bellm, Eric C.
A1 - Bildsten, Lars
A1 - Fuller, Jim
A1 - Prince, Thomas A.
A1 - Heber, Ulrich
A1 - Geier, Stephan
A1 - Green, Matthew J.
A1 - Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.
A1 - Bloemen, Steven
A1 - Laher, Russ R.
A1 - Rusholme, Ben
A1 - Schneider, David
T1 - Discovery of a Double-detonation Thermonuclear Supernova Progenitor
JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Part 2, Letters
N2 - We present the discovery of a new double-detonation progenitor system consisting of a hot subdwarf B (sdB) binary with a white dwarf companion with a P (orb) = 76.34179(2) minutes orbital period. Spectroscopic observations are consistent with an sdB star during helium core burning residing on the extreme horizontal branch. Chimera light curves are dominated by ellipsoidal deformation of the sdB star and a weak eclipse of the companion white dwarf. Combining spectroscopic and light curve fits, we find a low-mass sdB star, M (sdB) = 0.383 +/- 0.028 M (circle dot) with a massive white dwarf companion, M (WD) = 0.725 +/- 0.026 M (circle dot). From the eclipses we find a blackbody temperature for the white dwarf of 26,800 K resulting in a cooling age of approximate to 25 Myr whereas our MESA model predicts an sdB age of approximate to 170 Myr. We conclude that the sdB formed first through stable mass transfer followed by a common envelope which led to the formation of the white dwarf companion approximate to 25 Myr ago. Using the MESA stellar evolutionary code we find that the sdB star will start mass transfer in approximate to 6 Myr and in approximate to 60 Myr the white dwarf will reach a total mass of 0.92 M (circle dot) with a thick helium layer of 0.17 M (circle dot). This will lead to a detonation that will likely destroy the white dwarf in a peculiar thermonuclear supernova. PTF1 J2238+7430 is only the second confirmed candidate for a double-detonation thermonuclear supernova. Using both systems we estimate that at least approximate to 1% of white dwarf thermonuclear supernovae originate from sdB+WD binaries with thick helium layers, consistent with the small number of observed peculiar thermonuclear explosions.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac48f1
SN - 2041-8205
SN - 2041-8213
VL - 925
IS - 2
PB - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY - Bristol
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Palmer, Matthew D.
A1 - Gregory, Jonathan
A1 - Bagge, Meike
A1 - Calvert, Daley
A1 - Hagedoorn, Jan Marius
A1 - Howard, Tom
A1 - Klemann, Volker
A1 - Lowe, Jason A.
A1 - Roberts, Chris
A1 - Slangen, Aimee B. A.
A1 - Spada, Giorgio
T1 - Exploring the drivers of global and local sea‐level change over the 21st century and beyond
JF - Earth's future
N2 - We present a new set of global and local sea‐level projections at example tide gauge locations under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios. Compared to the CMIP5‐based sea‐level projections presented in IPCC AR5, we introduce a number of methodological innovations, including (i) more comprehensive treatment of uncertainties, (ii) direct traceability between global and local projections, and (iii) exploratory extended projections to 2300 based on emulation of individual CMIP5 models. Combining the projections with observed tide gauge records, we explore the contribution to total variance that arises from sea‐level variability, different emissions scenarios, and model uncertainty. For the period out to 2300 we further breakdown the model uncertainty by sea‐level component and consider the dependence on geographic location, time horizon, and emissions scenario. Our analysis highlights the importance of local variability for sea‐level change in the coming decades and the potential value of annual‐to‐decadal predictions of local sea‐level change. Projections to 2300 show a substantial degree of committed sea‐level rise under all emissions scenarios considered and highlight the reduced future risk associated with RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 compared to RCP8.5. Tide gauge locations can show large ( > 50%) departures from the global average, in some cases even reversing the sign of the change. While uncertainty in projections of the future Antarctic ice dynamic response tends to dominate post‐2100, we see substantial differences in the breakdown of model variance as a function of location, time scale, and emissions scenario.
KW - climate change
KW - CMIP5 models
KW - RCP scenarios
KW - sea-level projections
KW - tide gauge observations
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001413
SN - 2328-4277
VL - 8
IS - 9
SP - 1
EP - 25
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Garbulowski, Mateusz
A1 - Smolinska, Karolina
A1 - Çabuk, Uğur
A1 - Yones, Sara A.
A1 - Celli, Ludovica
A1 - Yaz, Esma Nur
A1 - Barrenas, Fredrik
A1 - Diamanti, Klev
A1 - Wadelius, Claes
A1 - Komorowski, Jan
T1 - Machine learning-based analysis of glioma grades reveals co-enrichment
JF - Cancers
N2 - Simple Summary Gliomas are heterogenous types of cancer, therefore the therapy should be personalized and targeted toward specific pathways. We developed a methodology that corrected strong batch effects from The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets and estimated glioma grade-specific co-enrichment mechanisms using machine learning. Our findings created hypotheses for annotations, e.g., pathways, that should be considered as therapeutic targets. Gliomas develop and grow in the brain and central nervous system. Examining glioma grading processes is valuable for improving therapeutic challenges. One of the most extensive repositories storing transcriptomics data for gliomas is The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). However, such big cohorts should be processed with caution and evaluated thoroughly as they can contain batch and other effects. Furthermore, biological mechanisms of cancer contain interactions among biomarkers. Thus, we applied an interpretable machine learning approach to discover such relationships. This type of transparent learning provides not only good predictability, but also reveals co-predictive mechanisms among features. In this study, we corrected the strong and confounded batch effect in the TCGA glioma data. We further used the corrected datasets to perform comprehensive machine learning analysis applied on single-sample gene set enrichment scores using collections from the Molecular Signature Database. Furthermore, using rule-based classifiers, we displayed networks of co-enrichment related to glioma grades. Moreover, we validated our results using the external glioma cohorts. We believe that utilizing corrected glioma cohorts from TCGA may improve the application and validation of any future studies. Finally, the co-enrichment and survival analysis provided detailed explanations for glioma progression and consequently, it should support the targeted treatment.
KW - glioma
KW - machine learning
KW - batch effect
KW - TCGA
KW - co-enrichment
KW - rough sets
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14041014
SN - 2072-6694
VL - 14
IS - 4
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Numberger, Daniela
A1 - Dreier, Carola
A1 - Vullioud, Colin
A1 - Gabriel, Guelsah
A1 - Greenwood, Alex D.
A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1 - Correction: Recovery of influenza A viruses from lake water and sediments by experimental inoculation (vol 14, e0216880, 2019)
T2 - PLoS one
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218882
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 14
IS - 6
PB - PLoS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nwosu, Ebuka Canisius
A1 - Roeser, Patricia Angelika
A1 - Yang, Sizhong
A1 - Ganzert, Lars
A1 - Dellwig, Olaf
A1 - Pinkerneil, Sylvia
A1 - Brauer, Achim
A1 - Dittmann, Elke
A1 - Wagner, Dirk
A1 - Liebner, Susanne
T1 - From water into sediment-tracing freshwater cyanobacteria via DNA analyses
JF - Microorganisms : open access journal
N2 - Sedimentary ancient DNA-based studies have been used to probe centuries of climate and environmental changes and how they affected cyanobacterial assemblages in temperate lakes. Due to cyanobacteria containing potential bloom-forming and toxin-producing taxa, their approximate reconstruction from sediments is crucial, especially in lakes lacking long-term monitoring data. To extend the resolution of sediment record interpretation, we used high-throughput sequencing, amplicon sequence variant (ASV) analysis, and quantitative PCR to compare pelagic cyanobacterial composition to that in sediment traps (collected monthly) and surface sediments in Lake Tiefer See. Cyanobacterial composition, species richness, and evenness was not significantly different among the pelagic depths, sediment traps and surface sediments (p > 0.05), indicating that the cyanobacteria in the sediments reflected the cyanobacterial assemblage in the water column. However, total cyanobacterial abundances (qPCR) decreased from the metalimnion down the water column. The aggregate-forming (Aphanizomenon) and colony-forming taxa (Snowella) showed pronounced sedimentation. In contrast, Planktothrix was only very poorly represented in sediment traps (meta- and hypolimnion) and surface sediments, despite its highest relative abundance at the thermocline (10 m water depth) during periods of lake stratification (May-October). We conclude that this skewed representation in taxonomic abundances reflects taphonomic processes, which should be considered in future DNA-based paleolimnological investigations.
KW - Aphanizomenon
KW - Planktothrix
KW - Snowella
KW - cyanobacteria sedimentation
KW - lake monitoring
KW - sedimentary ancient DNA
KW - sediment traps
KW - environmental reconstruction
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081778
SN - 2076-2607
VL - 9
IS - 8
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nwosu, Ebuka Canisius
A1 - Roeser, Patricia Angelika
A1 - Yang, Sizhong
A1 - Pinkerneil, Sylvia
A1 - Ganzert, Lars
A1 - Dittmann, Elke
A1 - Brauer, Achim
A1 - Wagner, Dirk
A1 - Liebner, Susanne
T1 - Species-level spatio-temporal dynamics of cyanobacteria in a hard-water temperate lake in the Southern Baltics
JF - Frontiers in microbiology
N2 - Cyanobacteria are important primary producers in temperate freshwater ecosystems. However, studies on the seasonal and spatial distribution of cyanobacteria in deep lakes based on high-throughput DNA sequencing are still rare. In this study, we combined monthly water sampling and monitoring in 2019, amplicon sequence variants analysis (ASVs; a proxy for different species) and quantitative PCR targeting overall cyanobacteria abundance to describe the seasonal and spatial dynamics of cyanobacteria in the deep hard-water oligo-mesotrophic Lake Tiefer See, NE Germany. We observed significant seasonal variation in the cyanobacterial community composition (p < 0.05) in the epi- and metalimnion layers, but not in the hypolimnion. In winter-when the water column is mixed-picocyanobacteria (Synechococcus and Cyanobium) were dominant. With the onset of stratification in late spring, we observed potential niche specialization and coexistence among the cyanobacteria taxa driven mainly by light and nutrient dynamics. Specifically, ASVs assigned to picocyanobacteria and the genus Planktothrix were the main contributors to the formation of deep chlorophyll maxima along a light gradient. While Synechococcus and different Cyanobium ASVs were abundant in the epilimnion up to the base of the euphotic zone from spring to fall, Planktothrix mainly occurred in the metalimnetic layer below the euphotic zone where also overall cyanobacteria abundance was highest in summer. Our data revealed two potentially psychrotolerant (cold-adapted) Cyanobium species that appear to cope well under conditions of lower hypolimnetic water temperature and light as well as increasing sediment-released phosphate in the deeper waters in summer. The potential cold-adapted Cyanobium species were also dominant throughout the water column in fall and winter. Furthermore, Snowella and Microcystis-related ASVs were abundant in the water column during the onset of fall turnover. Altogether, these findings suggest previously unascertained and considerable spatiotemporal changes in the community of cyanobacteria on the species level especially within the genus Cyanobium in deep hard-water temperate lakes.
KW - Cyanobium
KW - picocyanobacteria diversity
KW - amplicon sequencing
KW - lake monitoring
KW - ecological succession
KW - lake stratification
KW - psychrotolerant
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.761259
SN - 1664-302X
VL - 12
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zoccarato, Luca
A1 - Sher, Daniel
A1 - Miki, Takeshi
A1 - Segre, Daniel
A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1 - A comparative whole-genome approach identifies bacterial traits for marine microbial interactions
JF - Communications biology
N2 - Luca Zoccarato, Daniel Sher et al. leverage publicly available bacterial genomes from marine and other environments to examine traits underlying microbial interactions.
Their results provide a valuable resource to investigate clusters of functional and linked traits to better understand marine bacteria community assembly and dynamics.
Microbial interactions shape the structure and function of microbial communities with profound consequences for biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem health. Yet, most interaction mechanisms are studied only in model systems and their prevalence is unknown. To systematically explore the functional and interaction potential of sequenced marine bacteria, we developed a trait-based approach, and applied it to 473 complete genomes (248 genera), representing a substantial fraction of marine microbial communities.
We identified genome functional clusters (GFCs) which group bacterial taxa with common ecology and life history. Most GFCs revealed unique combinations of interaction traits, including the production of siderophores (10% of genomes), phytohormones (3-8%) and different B vitamins (57-70%). Specific GFCs, comprising Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, displayed more interaction traits than expected by chance, and are thus predicted to preferentially interact synergistically and/or antagonistically with bacteria and phytoplankton. Linked trait clusters (LTCs) identify traits that may have evolved to act together (e.g., secretion systems, nitrogen metabolism regulation and B vitamin transporters), providing testable hypotheses for complex mechanisms of microbial interactions.
Our approach translates multidimensional genomic information into an atlas of marine bacteria and their putative functions, relevant for understanding the fundamental rules that govern community assembly and dynamics.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03184-4
SN - 2399-3642
VL - 5
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Köhler, Raphael H.
A1 - Handorf, Dörthe
A1 - Jaiser, Ralf
A1 - Dethloff, Klaus
A1 - Zängl, Günther
A1 - Majewski, Detlev
A1 - Rex, Markus
T1 - Improved circulation in the Northern hemisphere by adjusting gravity wave drag parameterizations in seasonal experiments with ICON-NWP
JF - Earth and Space Science : ESS
N2 - The stratosphere is one of the main potential sources for subseasonal to seasonal predictability in midlatitudes in winter. The ability of an atmospheric model to realistically simulate the stratospheric dynamics is essential in order to move forward in the field of seasonal predictions in midlatitudes. Earlier studies with the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic atmospheric model (ICON) point out that stratospheric westerlies in ICON are underestimated. This is the first extensive study on the evaluation of Northern Hemisphere stratospheric winter circulation with ICON in numerical weather prediction (NWP) mode. Seasonal experiments with the default setup are able to reproduce the basic climatology of the stratospheric polar vortex. However, westerlies are too weak and major stratospheric warmings too frequent in ICON. Both a reduction of the nonorographic, and a reduction of the orographic gravity wave and wake drag lead to a strengthening of the stratospheric vortex and a bias reduction, in particular in January. However, the effect of the nonorographic gravity wave drag scheme on the stratosphere is stronger. Stratosphere-troposphere coupling is intensified and more realistic due to a reduced gravity wave drag. Furthermore, an adjustment of the subgrid-scale orographic drag parameterization leads to a significant error reduction in the mean sea level pressure. As a result of these findings, we present our current suggested improved setup for seasonal experiments with ICON-NWP.
Plain Language Summary Although seasonal forecasts for midlatitudes have the potential to be highly beneficial to the public sector, they are still characterized by a large amount of uncertainty. Exact simulations of the circulation in the stratosphere can help to improve tropospheric predictability on seasonal time scales. For this reason, we investigate how well the new German atmospheric model is able to simulate the stratospheric circulation. The model reproduces the basic behavior of the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex, but the westerly circulation in winter is underestimated. The stratospheric circulation is influenced by gravity waves that exert drag on the flow. These processes are only partly physically represented in the model, but are very important and are hence parameterized. By adjusting the parameterizations for the gravity wave drag, the stratospheric polar vortex is strengthened, thereby yielding a more realistic stratospheric circulation. In addition, the altered parameterizations improve the simulated surface pressure pattern. Based upon this, we present our current suggested improved model setup for seasonal experiments.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EA001676
SN - 2333-5084
VL - 8
IS - 3
PB - American Geophysical Union
CY - Malden, Mass.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Romanowsky, Erik
A1 - Handorf, Dörthe
A1 - Jaiser, Ralf
A1 - Wohltmann, Ingo
A1 - Dorn, Wolfgang
A1 - Ukita, Jinro
A1 - Cohen, Judah
A1 - Dethloff, Klaus
A1 - Rex, Markus
T1 - The role of stratospheric ozone for Arctic-midlatitude linkages
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - Arctic warming was more pronounced than warming in midlatitudes in the last decades making this region a hotspot of climate change. Associated with this, a rapid decline of sea-ice extent and a decrease of its thickness has been observed. Sea-ice retreat allows for an increased transport of heat and momentum from the ocean up to the tropo- and stratosphere by enhanced upward propagation of planetary-scale atmospheric waves. In the upper atmosphere, these waves deposit the momentum transported, disturbing the stratospheric polar vortex, which can lead to a breakdown of this circulation with the potential to also significantly impact the troposphere in mid- to late-winter and early spring. Therefore, an accurate representation of stratospheric processes in climate models is necessary to improve the understanding of the impact of retreating sea ice on the atmospheric circulation. By modeling the atmospheric response to a prescribed decline in Arctic sea ice, we show that including interactive stratospheric ozone chemistry in atmospheric model calculations leads to an improvement in tropo-stratospheric interactions compared to simulations without interactive chemistry. This suggests that stratospheric ozone chemistry is important for the understanding of sea ice related impacts on atmospheric dynamics.
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43823-1
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 9
PB - Nature Publ. Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Numberger, Daniela
A1 - Dreier, Carole
A1 - Vullioud, Colin
A1 - Gabriel, Gülsah
A1 - Greenwood, Alex D.
A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1 - Recovery of influenza a viruses from lake water and sediments by experimental inoculation
JF - PLoS one
N2 - Influenza A viruses (IAV) are zoonotic pathogens relevant to human, domestic animal and wildlife health. Many avian IAVs are transmitted among waterfowl via a faecal-oral-route. Therefore, environmental water where waterfowl congregate may play an important role in the ecology and epidemiology of avian IAV. Water and sediment may sustain and transmit virus among individuals or species. It is unclear at what concentrations waterborne viruses are infectious or remain detectable. To address this, we performed lake water and sediment dilution experiments with varying concentrations or infectious doses of four IAV strains from seal, turkey, duck and gull. To test for infectivity of the IAV strains in a concentration dependent manner, we applied cultivation to specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs and Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. IAV recovery was more effective from embryonated chicken eggs than MDCK cells for freshwater lake dilutions, whereas, MDCK cells were more effective for viral recovery from sediment samples. Low infectious dose (1 PFU/200 mu L) was sufficient in most cases to detect and recover IAV from lake water dilutions. Sediment required higher initial infectious doses (>= 100 PFU/200 mu L).
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216880
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 14
IS - 5
PB - PLoS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Crawford, Tim
A1 - Karamat, Fazeelat
A1 - Lehotai, Nóra
A1 - Rentoft, Matilda
A1 - Blomberg, Jeanette
A1 - Strand, Åsa
A1 - Björklund, Stefan
T1 - Specific functions for mediator complex subunits from different modules in the transcriptional response of arabidopsis thaliana to abiotic stress
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - Adverse environmental conditions are detrimental to plant growth and development. Acclimation to abiotic stress conditions involves activation of signaling pathways which often results in changes in gene expression via networks of transcription factors (TFs). Mediator is a highly conserved co-regulator complex and an essential component of the transcriptional machinery in eukaryotes. Some Mediator subunits have been implicated in stress-responsive signaling pathways; however, much remains unknown regarding the role of plant Mediator in abiotic stress responses. Here, we use RNA-seq to analyze the transcriptional response of Arabidopsis thaliana to heat, cold and salt stress conditions. We identify a set of common abiotic stress regulons and describe the sequential and combinatorial nature of TFs involved in their transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, we identify stress-specific roles for the Mediator subunits MED9, MED16, MED18 and CDK8, and putative TFs connecting them to different stress signaling pathways. Our data also indicate different modes of action for subunits or modules of Mediator at the same gene loci, including a co-repressor function for MED16 prior to stress. These results illuminate a poorly understood but important player in the transcriptional response of plants to abiotic stress and identify target genes and mechanisms as a prelude to further biochemical characterization.
KW - regulate gene expression
KW - signal transduction
KW - circadian clock
KW - plant Mediator
KW - salicylic-acid
KW - activation
KW - jasmonate
KW - network
KW - defense
KW - MED16
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61758-w
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 10
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Potente, Giacomo
A1 - Léveillé-Bourret, Étienne
A1 - Yousefi, Narjes
A1 - Choudhury, Rimjhim Roy
A1 - Keller, Barbara
A1 - Diop, Seydina Issa
A1 - Duijsings, Daniël
A1 - Pirovano, Walter
A1 - Lenhard, Michael
A1 - Szövényi, Péter
A1 - Conti, Elena
T1 - Comparative genomics elucidates the origin of a supergene controlling floral heteromorphism
JF - Molecular biology and evolution : MBE
N2 - Supergenes are nonrecombining genomic regions ensuring the coinheritance of multiple, coadapted genes. Despite the importance of supergenes in adaptation, little is known on how they originate. A classic example of supergene is the S locus controlling heterostyly, a floral heteromorphism occurring in 28 angiosperm families. In Primula, heterostyly is characterized by the cooccurrence of two complementary, self-incompatible floral morphs and is controlled by five genes clustered in the hemizygous, ca. 300-kb S locus. Here, we present the first chromosome-scale genome assembly of any heterostylous species, that of Primula veris (cowslip). By leveraging the high contiguity of the P. veris assembly and comparative genomic analyses, we demonstrated that the S-locus evolved via multiple, asynchronous gene duplications and independent gene translocations. Furthermore, we discovered a new whole-genome duplication in Ericales that is specific to the Primula lineage. We also propose a mechanism for the origin of S-locus hemizygosity via nonhomologous recombination involving the newly discovered two pairs of CFB genes flanking the S locus. Finally, we detected only weak signatures of degeneration in the S locus, as predicted for hemizygous supergenes. The present study provides a useful resource for future research addressing key questions on the evolution of supergenes in general and the S locus in particular: How do supergenes arise? What is the role of genome architecture in the evolution of complex adaptations? Is the molecular architecture of heterostyly supergenes across angiosperms similar to that of Primula?
KW - genome architecture
KW - supergene
KW - heterostyly
KW - evolutionary genomics
KW - chromosome-scale genome assembly
KW - primula
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msac035
SN - 0737-4038
SN - 1537-1719
VL - 39
IS - 2
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tran, Quan Hong
A1 - Bui, Ngoc Hong
A1 - Kappel, Christian
A1 - Dau, Nga Thi Ngoc
A1 - Nguyen, Loan Thi
A1 - Tran, Thuy Thi
A1 - Khanh, Tran Dang
A1 - Trung, Khuat Huu
A1 - Lenhard, Michael
A1 - Vi, Son Lang
T1 - Mapping-by-sequencing via MutMap identifies a mutation in ZmCLE7 underlying fasciation in a newly developed EMS mutant population in an elite tropical maize inbred
JF - Genes
N2 - Induced point mutations are important genetic resources for their ability to create hypo- and hypermorphic alleles that are useful for understanding gene functions and breeding. However, such mutant populations have only been developed for a few temperate maize varieties, mainly B73 and W22, yet no tropical maize inbred lines have been mutagenized and made available to the public to date. We developed a novel Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) induced mutation resource in maize comprising 2050 independent M2 mutant families in the elite tropical maize inbred ML10. By phenotypic screening, we showed that this population is of comparable quality with other mutagenized populations in maize. To illustrate the usefulness of this population for gene discovery, we performed rapid mapping-by-sequencing to clone a fasciated-ear mutant and identify a causal promoter deletion in ZmCLE7 (CLE7). Our mapping procedure does not require crossing to an unrelated parent, thus is suitable for mapping subtle traits and ones affected by heterosis. This first EMS population in tropical maize is expected to be very useful for the maize research community. Also, the EMS mutagenesis and rapid mapping-by-sequencing pipeline described here illustrate the power of performing forward genetics in diverse maize germplasms of choice, which can lead to novel gene discovery due to divergent genetic backgrounds.
KW - EMS
KW - MutMap
KW - mutagenesis
KW - CLE7
KW - tropical maize
KW - fasciation
KW - mapping
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11030281
SN - 2073-4425
VL - 11
IS - 3
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kappel, Christian
A1 - Illing, Nicola
A1 - Huu, Cuong Nguyen
A1 - Barger, Nichole N.
A1 - Cramer, Michael D.
A1 - Lenhard, Michael
A1 - Midgley, Jeremy J.
T1 - Fairy circles in Namibia are assembled from genetically distinct grasses
JF - Communications biology
N2 - Fairy circles are striking regularly sized and spaced, bare circles surrounded by Stipagrostis grasses that occur over thousands of square kilometres in Namibia. The mechanisms explaining their origin, shape, persistence and regularity remain controversial. One hypothesis for the formation of vegetation rings is based on the centrifugal expansion of a single individual grass plant, via clonal growth and die-back in the centre. Clonality could explain FC origin, shape and long-term persistence as well as their regularity, if one clone competes with adjacent clones. Here, we show that for virtually all tested fairy circles the periphery is not exclusively made up of genetically identical grasses, but these peripheral grasses belong to more than one unrelated genet. These results do not support a clonal explanation for fairy circles. Lack of clonality implies that a biological reason for their origin, shape and regularity must emerge from competition between near neighbor individuals within each fairy circle. Such lack of clonality also suggests a mismatch between longevity of fairy circles versus their constituent plants. Furthermore, our findings of lack of clonality have implications for some models of spatial patterning of fairy circles that are based on self-organization. Christian Kappel et al. examine the genetic composition of fairy circles, regular circular patterns of grasses in the Namib Desert, using ddRAD-seq. They find that these grasses are made up of multiple unrelated genets rather than genetically identical grasses, suggesting non-clonality.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01431-0
SN - 2399-3642
VL - 3
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chromik, Jonas
A1 - Kirsten, Kristina
A1 - Herdick, Arne
A1 - Kappattanavar, Arpita Mallikarjuna
A1 - Arnrich, Bert
T1 - SensorHub
BT - Multimodal sensing in real-life enables home-based studies
JF - Sensors
N2 - Observational studies are an important tool for determining whether the findings from controlled experiments can be transferred into scenarios that are closer to subjects' real-life circumstances. A rigorous approach to observational studies involves collecting data from different sensors to comprehensively capture the situation of the subject. However, this leads to technical difficulties especially if the sensors are from different manufacturers, as multiple data collection tools have to run simultaneously. We present SensorHub, a system that can collect data from various wearable devices from different manufacturers, such as inertial measurement units, portable electrocardiographs, portable electroencephalographs, portable photoplethysmographs, and sensors for electrodermal activity. Additionally, our tool offers the possibility to include ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) in studies. Hence, SensorHub enables multimodal sensor data collection under real-world conditions and allows direct user feedback to be collected through questionnaires, enabling studies at home. In a first study with 11 participants, we successfully used SensorHub to record multiple signals with different devices and collected additional information with the help of EMAs. In addition, we evaluated SensorHub's technical capabilities in several trials with up to 21 participants recording simultaneously using multiple sensors with sampling frequencies as high as 1000 Hz. We could show that although there is a theoretical limitation to the transmissible data rate, in practice this limitation is not an issue and data loss is rare. We conclude that with modern communication protocols and with the increasingly powerful smartphones and wearables, a system like our SensorHub establishes an interoperability framework to adequately combine consumer-grade sensing hardware which enables observational studies in real life.
KW - multimodal sensing
KW - home-based studies
KW - activity recognition
KW - sensor
KW - systems
KW - ecological momentary assessment
KW - digital health
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010408
SN - 1424-8220
VL - 22
IS - 1
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Welke, Robert-William
A1 - Sperber, Hannah Sabeth
A1 - Bergmann, Ronny
A1 - Koikkarah, Amit
A1 - Menke, Laura
A1 - Sieben, Christian
A1 - Krüger, Detlev H.
A1 - Chiantia, Salvatore
A1 - Herrmann, Andreas
A1 - Schwarzer, Roland
T1 - Characterization of hantavirus N protein intracellular dynamics and localization
JF - Viruses
N2 - Hantaviruses are enveloped viruses that possess a tri-segmented, negative-sense RNA genome.
The viral S-segment encodes the multifunctional nucleocapsid protein (N), which is involved in genome packaging, intracellular protein transport, immunoregulation, and several other crucial processes during hantavirus infection.
In this study, we generated fluorescently tagged N protein constructs derived from Puumalavirus (PUUV), the dominant hantavirus species in Central, Northern, and Eastern Europe.
We comprehensively characterized this protein in the rodent cell line CHO-K1, monitoring the dynamics of N protein complex formation and investigating co-localization with host proteins as well as the viral glycoproteins Gc and Gn.
We observed formation of large, fibrillar PUUV N protein aggregates, rapidly coalescing from early punctate and spike-like assemblies.
Moreover, we found significant spatial correlation of N with vimentin, actin, and P-bodies but not with microtubules. N constructs also co-localized with Gn and Gc albeit not as strongly as the glycoproteins associated with each other.
Finally, we assessed oligomerization of N constructs, observing efficient and concentration-dependent multimerization, with complexes comprising more than 10 individual proteins.
KW - hantavirus
KW - N protein
KW - oligomerization
KW - actin
KW - P-bodies
KW - vimentin
KW - Number and Brightness
KW - Puumalavirus
KW - macromolecular assemblies
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030457
SN - 1999-4915
VL - 14
IS - 3
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Teich, Paula
A1 - Fühner, Thea Heidi
A1 - Baehr, Florian
A1 - Puta, Christian
A1 - Granacher, Urs
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1 - Covid pandemic effects on the physical fitness of primary school children
BT - results of the german EMOTIKON project
JF - Sports Medicine - Open
N2 - BackgroundIn spring of 2020, the Sars-CoV-2 incidence rate increased rapidly in Germany and around the world. Throughout the next 2 years, schools were temporarily closed and social distancing measures were put in place to slow the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Did these social restrictions and temporary school lockdowns affect children's physical fitness? The EMOTIKON project annually tests the physical fitness of all third-graders in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany. The tests assess cardiorespiratory endurance (6-min-run test), coordination (star-run test), speed (20-m sprint test), lower (powerLOW, standing long jump test), and upper (powerUP, ball-push test) limbs muscle power, and static balance (one-legged stance test with eyes closed). A total of 125,893 children were tested in the falls from 2016 to 2022. Primary analyses focused on 98,510 keyage third-graders (i.e., school enrollment according to the legal key date, aged 8 to 9 years) from 515 schools. Secondary analyses included 27,383 older-than-keyage third-graders (i.e., OTK, delayed school enrollment or repetition of a grade, aged 9 to 10 years), who have been shown to exhibit lower physical fitness than expected for their age. Linear mixed models fitted pre-pandemic quadratic secular trends, and took into account differences between children and schools.ResultsThird-graders exhibited lower cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed and powerUP in the Covid pandemic cohorts (2020-2022) compared to the pre-pandemic cohorts (2016-2019). Children's powerLOW and static balance were higher in the pandemic cohorts compared to the pre-pandemic cohorts. From 2020 to 2021, coordination, powerLOW and powerUP further declined. Evidence for some post-pandemic physical fitness catch-up was restricted to powerUP. Cohen's |ds| for comparisons of the pandemic cohorts 2020-2022 with pre-pandemic cohorts 2016-2019 ranged from 0.02 for powerLOW to 0.15 for coordination. Within the pandemic cohorts, keyage children exhibited developmental losses ranging from approximately 1 month for speed to 5 months for cardiorespiratory endurance. For powerLOW and static balance, the positive pandemic effects translate to developmental gains of 1 and 7 months, respectively. Pre-pandemic secular trends may account for some of the observed differences between pandemic and pre-pandemic cohorts, especially in powerLOW, powerUP and static balance. The pandemic further increased developmental delays of OTK children in cardiorespiratory endurance, powerUP and balance.ConclusionsThe Covid-19 pandemic was associated with declines in several physical fitness components in German third-graders. Pandemic effects are still visible in 2022. Health-related interventions should specifically target those physical fitness components that were negatively affected by the pandemic (cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed).
KW - Sars-CoV-2
KW - Cohort study
KW - Cardiorespiratory endurance
KW - Muscle power
KW - Physical fitness
KW - Youth
KW - EMOTIKON
KW - Linear mixed models
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00624-1
SN - 2198-9761
VL - 9
IS - 1
PB - Springer
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Michirev, Alexej
A1 - Kühne, Katharina
A1 - Lindemann, Oliver
A1 - Fischer, Martin H.
A1 - Raab, Markus
T1 - How to not induce SNAs
BT - the insufficiency of directional force
JF - PLoS one
N2 - People respond faster to smaller numbers in their left space and to larger numbers in their right space. Here we argue that movements in space contribute to the formation of spatial-numerical associations (SNAs). We studied the impact of continuous isometric forces along the horizontal or vertical cardinal axes on SNAs while participants performed random number production and arithmetic verification tasks. Our results suggest that such isometric directional force do not suffice to induce SNAs.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288038
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 18
IS - 6
PB - PLoS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Borýsek, Martin
T1 - In search of Ovidian hebrew
BT - a philological study of a lesser known modern hebrew translation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses
JF - Acta Universitatis Carolinae : AUC
N2 - This paper focuses on the first substantial translation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses into modern Hebrew, whose author was Yehoshua Friedman (1885–1934). The first part of the paper sets Friedman into the context of modern Hebrew classical philology and explores the character of his verse. The core of the text consists of three case studies of selected excerpts from Ovid’s story of Apollo and Daphne (Met. I, 456–465; 481–482; 545–552). Based on detailed linguistic and stylistic analysis of these texts, I argue that Friedman did not simply adopt a pre-existing linguistic register, but rather created an original Ovidian idiom that helped to win him lasting significance in the history of Hebrew translations from classical languages.
KW - Ovid’s Metamorphoses
KW - Yehoshua Friedman
KW - modern Hebrew literature
KW - classical translations
KW - Apollo and Daphne
Y1 - 2022
UR - https://karolinum.cz/casopis/auc-philologica/rocnik-2021/cislo-4/clanek-10183
U6 - https://doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2022.11
SN - 0567-8269
SN - 2464-6830
IS - 4
SP - 29
EP - 56
PB - Karolinum Press
CY - Prag
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rosin, Paul L.
A1 - Lai, Yu-Kun
A1 - Mould, David
A1 - Yi, Ran
A1 - Berger, Itamar
A1 - Doyle, Lars
A1 - Lee, Seungyong
A1 - Li, Chuan
A1 - Liu, Yong-Jin
A1 - Semmo, Amir
A1 - Shamir, Ariel
A1 - Son, Minjung
A1 - Winnemöller, Holger
T1 - NPRportrait 1.0: A three-level benchmark for non-photorealistic rendering of portraits
JF - Computational visual media
N2 - Recently, there has been an upsurge of activity in image-based non-photorealistic rendering (NPR), and in particular portrait image stylisation, due to the advent of neural style transfer (NST). However, the state of performance evaluation in this field is poor, especially compared to the norms in the computer vision and machine learning communities. Unfortunately, the task of evaluating image stylisation is thus far not well defined, since it involves subjective, perceptual, and aesthetic aspects. To make progress towards a solution, this paper proposes a new structured, three-level, benchmark dataset for the evaluation of stylised portrait images. Rigorous criteria were used for its construction, and its consistency was validated by user studies. Moreover, a new methodology has been developed for evaluating portrait stylisation algorithms, which makes use of the different benchmark levels as well as annotations provided by user studies regarding the characteristics of the faces. We perform evaluation for a wide variety of image stylisation methods (both portrait-specific and general purpose, and also both traditional NPR approaches and NST) using the new benchmark dataset.
KW - non-photorealistic rendering (NPR)
KW - image stylization
KW - style transfer
KW - portrait
KW - evaluation
KW - benchmark
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-021-0255-3
SN - 2096-0433
SN - 2096-0662
VL - 8
IS - 3
SP - 445
EP - 465
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Córdoba, Sandra Correa
A1 - Tong, Hao
A1 - Burgos, Asdrubal
A1 - Zhu, Feng
A1 - Alseekh, Saleh
A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R.
A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran
T1 - Identification of gene function based on models capturing natural variability of Arabidopsis thaliana lipid metabolism
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - The use of automated tools to reconstruct lipid metabolic pathways is not warranted in plants. Here, the authors construct Plant Lipid Module for Arabidopsis rosette using constraint-based modeling, demonstrate its integration in other plant metabolic models, and use it to dissect the genetic architecture of lipid metabolism.
Lipids play fundamental roles in regulating agronomically important traits. Advances in plant lipid metabolism have until recently largely been based on reductionist approaches, although modulation of its components can have system-wide effects. However, existing models of plant lipid metabolism provide lumped representations, hindering detailed study of component modulation. Here, we present the Plant Lipid Module (PLM) which provides a mechanistic description of lipid metabolism in the Arabidopsis thaliana rosette. We demonstrate that the PLM can be readily integrated in models of A. thaliana Col-0 metabolism, yielding accurate predictions (83%) of single lethal knock-outs and 75% concordance between measured transcript and predicted flux changes under extended darkness. Genome-wide associations with fluxes obtained by integrating the PLM in diel condition- and accession-specific models identify up to 65 candidate genes modulating A. thaliana lipid metabolism. Using mutant lines, we validate up to 40% of the candidates, paving the way for identification of metabolic gene function based on models capturing natural variability in metabolism.
KW - Biochemical networks
KW - Biochemical reaction networks
KW - Genetic models
KW - Plant molecular biology
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40644-9
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 14
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tomowski, Maxi
A1 - Lozada-Gobilard, Sissi Donna
A1 - Jeltsch, Florian
A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1 - Recruitment and migration patterns reveal a key role for seed banks in the meta-population dynamics of an aquatic plant
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - Progressive habitat fragmentation threatens plant species with narrow habitat requirements. While local environmental conditions define population growth rates and recruitment success at the patch level, dispersal is critical for population viability at the landscape scale. Identifying the dynamics of plant meta-populations is often confounded by the uncertainty about soil-stored population compartments. We combined a landscape-scale assessment of an amphibious plant's population structure with measurements of dispersal complexity in time to track dispersal and putative shifts in functional connectivity. Using 13 microsatellite markers, we analyzed the genetic structure of extant Oenanthe aquatica populations and their soil seed banks in a kettle hole system to uncover hidden connectivity among populations in time and space. Considerable spatial genetic structure and isolation-by-distance suggest limited gene flow between sites. Spatial isolation and patch size showed minor effects on genetic diversity. Genetic similarity found among extant populations and their seed banks suggests increased local recruitment, despite some evidence of migration and recent colonization. Results indicate stepping-stone dispersal across adjacent populations. Among permanent and ephemeral demes the resulting meta-population demography could be determined by source-sink dynamics. Overall, these spatiotemporal connectivity patterns support mainland-island dynamics in our system, highlighting the importance of persistent seed banks as enduring sources of genetic diversity.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37974-5
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 13
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Arend, Marius
A1 - Zimmer, David
A1 - Xu, Rudan
A1 - Sommer, Frederik
A1 - Mühlhaus, Timo
A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran
T1 - Proteomics and constraint-based modelling reveal enzyme kinetic properties of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii on a genome scale
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - Metabolic engineering of microalgae offers a promising solution for sustainable biofuel production, and rational design of engineering strategies can be improved by employing metabolic models that integrate enzyme turnover numbers. However, the coverage of turnover numbers for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a model eukaryotic microalga accessible to metabolic engineering, is 17-fold smaller compared to the heterotrophic cell factory Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we generate quantitative protein abundance data of Chlamydomonas covering 2337 to 3708 proteins in various growth conditions to estimate in vivo maximum apparent turnover numbers. Using constrained-based modeling we provide proxies for in vivo turnover numbers of 568 reactions, representing a 10-fold increase over the in vitro data for Chlamydomonas. Integration of the in vivo estimates instead of in vitro values in a metabolic model of Chlamydomonas improved the accuracy of enzyme usage predictions. Our results help in extending the knowledge on uncharacterized enzymes and improve biotechnological applications of Chlamydomonas.
KW - Computational models
KW - Enzymes
KW - Proteomics
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40498-1
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 14
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Basler, Georg
A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R.
A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran
T1 - Advances in metabolic flux analysis toward genome-scale profiling of higher organisms
JF - Bioscience reports : communications and reviews in molecular and cellular biology
N2 - Methodological and technological advances have recently paved the way for metabolic flux profiling in higher organisms, like plants. However, in comparison with omics technologies, flux profiling has yet to provide comprehensive differential flux maps at a genome-scale and in different cell types, tissues, and organs. Here we highlight the recent advances in technologies to gather metabolic labeling patterns and flux profiling approaches. We provide an opinion of how recent local flux profiling approaches can be used in conjunction with the constraint-based modeling framework to arrive at genome-scale flux maps. In addition, we point at approaches which use metabolomics data without introduction of label to predict either non-steady state fluxes in a time-series experiment or flux changes in different experimental scenarios. The combination of these developments allows an experimentally feasible approach for flux-based large-scale systems biology studies.
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20170224
SN - 0144-8463
SN - 1573-4935
VL - 38
PB - Portland Press (London)
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pandey, Prashant K.
A1 - Yu, Jing
A1 - Omranian, Nooshin
A1 - Alseekh, Saleh
A1 - Vaid, Neha
A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R.
A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran
A1 - Laitinen, Roosa A. E.
T1 - Plasticity in metabolism underpins local responses to nitrogen in Arabidopsis thaliana populations
JF - Plant Direct
N2 - Nitrogen (N) is central for plant growth, and metabolic plasticity can provide a strategy to respond to changing N availability. We showed that two local A. thaliana populations exhibited differential plasticity in the compounds of photorespiratory and starch degradation pathways in response to three N conditions. Association of metabolite levels with growth-related and fitness traits indicated that controlled plasticity in these pathways could contribute to local adaptation and play a role in plant evolution.
KW - Arabidopsis thaliana
KW - natural variation
KW - nitrogen availability
KW - photorespiration
KW - plasticity
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.186
SN - 2475-4455
VL - 3
IS - 11
PB - John Wiley & sonst LTD
CY - Chichester
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Miklashevsky, Alex
A1 - Kulkova, Elena
A1 - Michirev, Alexej
A1 - Jeglinski-Mende, Melinda A.
A1 - Bertonatti, Matias
T1 - Book review on: Raab, Markus: Judgment, decision-making, and embodied choices. -
London ; San Diego ; Cambridge, MA ; Oxford: Academic Press, 2020. - xv, 155 pages. - ISBN: 978-0-12-823523-2
JF - Frontiers in psychology
KW - embodied cognition
KW - decision making
KW - embodied choice
KW - book review
KW - mind-body
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.665728
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 12
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kayler, Zachary E.
A1 - Premke, Katrin
A1 - Gessler, Arthur
A1 - Gessner, Mark O.
A1 - Griebler, Christian
A1 - Hilt, Sabine
A1 - Klemedtsson, Leif
A1 - Kuzyakov, Yakov
A1 - Reichstein, Markus
A1 - Siemens, Jan
A1 - Totsche, Kai-Uwe
A1 - Tranvik, Lars
A1 - Wagner, Annekatrin
A1 - Weitere, Markus
A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1 - Integrating Aquatic and Terrestrial Perspectives to Improve Insights Into Organic Matter Cycling at the Landscape Scale
JF - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2 - Across a landscape, aquatic-terrestrial interfaces within and between ecosystems are hotspots of organic matter (OM) mineralization. These interfaces are characterized by sharp spatio-temporal changes in environmental conditions, which affect OM properties and thus control OM mineralization and other transformation processes. Consequently, the extent of OM movement at and across aquatic-terrestrial interfaces is crucial in determining OM turnover and carbon (C) cycling at the landscape scale. Here, we propose expanding current concepts in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem sciences to comprehensively evaluate OM turnover at the landscape scale. We focus on three main concepts toward explaining OM turnover at the landscape scale: the landscape spatiotemporal context, OM turnover described by priming and ecological stoichiometry, and anthropogenic effects as a disruptor of natural OM transfer magnitudes and pathways. A conceptual framework is introduced that allows for discussing the disparities in spatial and temporal scales of OM transfer, changes in environmental conditions, ecosystem connectivity, and microbial-substrate interactions. The potential relevance of priming effects in both terrestrial and aquatic systems is addressed. For terrestrial systems, we hypothesize that the interplay between the influx of OM, its corresponding elemental composition, and the elemental demand of the microbial communities may alleviate spatial and metabolic thresholds. In comparison, substrate level OM dynamics may be substantially different in aquatic systems due to matrix effects that accentuate the role of abiotic conditions, substrate quality, and microbial community dynamics. We highlight the disproportionate impact anthropogenic activities can have on OM cycling across the landscape. This includes reversing natural OM flows through the landscape, disrupting ecosystem connectivity, and nutrient additions that cascade across the landscape. This knowledge is crucial for a better understanding of OM cycling in a landscape context, in particular since terrestrial and aquatic compartments may respond differently to the ongoing changes in climate, land use, and other anthropogenic interferences.
KW - landscape connectivity
KW - organic matter mineralization
KW - priming effects
KW - ecological stoichiometry
KW - aquatic-terrestrial interfaces
KW - anthropogenic interferences
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00127
SN - 2296-6463
VL - 7
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schmidt, Sabrina
A1 - Reil, Daniela
A1 - Jeske, Kathrin
A1 - Drewes, Stephan
A1 - Rosenfeld, Ulrike
A1 - Fischer, Stefan
A1 - Spierling, Nastasja G.
A1 - Labutin, Anton
A1 - Heckel, Gerald
A1 - Jacob, Jens
A1 - Ulrich, Rainer G.
A1 - Imholt, Christian
T1 - Spatial and temporal dynamics and molecular evolution of Tula orthohantavirus in German vole populations
JF - Viruses / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
N2 - Tula orthohantavirus (TULV) is a rodent-borne hantavirus with broad geographical distribution in Europe. Its major reservoir is the common vole (Microtus arvalis), but TULV has also been detected in closely related vole species. Given the large distributional range and high amplitude population dynamics of common voles, this host-pathogen complex presents an ideal system to study the complex mechanisms of pathogen transmission in a wild rodent reservoir. We investigated the dynamics of TULV prevalence and the subsequent potential effects on the molecular evolution of TULV in common voles of the Central evolutionary lineage. Rodents were trapped for three years in four regions of Germany and samples were analyzed for the presence of TULV-reactive antibodies and TULV RNA with subsequent sequence determination. The results show that individual (sex) and population-level factors (abundance) of hosts were significant predictors of local TULV dynamics. At the large geographic scale, different phylogenetic TULV clades and an overall isolation-by-distance pattern in virus sequences were detected, while at the small scale (<4 km) this depended on the study area. In combination with an overall delayed density dependence, our results highlight that frequent, localized bottleneck events for the common vole and TULV do occur and can be offset by local recolonization dynamics.
KW - rodents
KW - hantavirus
KW - monitoring
KW - population dynamics
KW - common vole
KW - field vole
KW - water vole
KW - phylogeny
KW - molecular evolution
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061132
SN - 1999-4915
VL - 13
IS - 6
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jaiser, Ralf
A1 - Akperov, Mirseid
A1 - Timazhev, A.
A1 - Romanowsky, Erik
A1 - Handorf, Dörthe
A1 - Mokhov, I. I.
T1 - Linkages between arctic and mid-latitude weather and climate
BT - unraveling the impact of changing sea ice and sea surface temperatures during Winter
JF - Meteorologische Zeitschrift
N2 - The study addresses the question, if observed changes in terms of Arctic-midlatitude linkages during winter are driven by Arctic Sea ice decline alone or if the increase of global sea surface temperatures plays an additional role. We compare atmosphere-only model experiments with ECHAM6 to ERA-Interim Reanalysis data. The model sensitivity experiment is implemented as a set of four combinations of sea ice and sea surface temperature boundary conditions. Atmospheric circulation regimes are determined and evaluated in terms of their cyclone and blocking characteristics and changes in frequency during winter. As a prerequisite, ECHAM6 reproduces general features of circulation regimes very well. Tropospheric changes induced by the change of boundary conditions are revealed and further impacts on the large-scale circulation up into the stratosphere are investigated. In early winter, the observed increase of atmospheric blocking in the region between Scandinavia and the Urals are primarily related to the changes in sea surface temperatures. During late winter, we f nd a weakened polar stratospheric vortex in the reanalysis that further impacts the troposphere. In the model sensitivity study a climatologically weakened polar vortex occurs only if sea ice is reduced and sea surface temperatures are increased together. This response is delayed compared to the reanalysis. The tropospheric response during late winter is inconclusive in the model, which is potentially related to the weak and delayed response in the stratosphere. The model experiments do not reproduce the connection between early and late winter as interpreted from the reanalysis. Potentially explaining this mismatch, we identify a discrepancy of ECHAM6 to reproduce the weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex through blocking induced upward propagation of planetary waves.
KW - Weather regimes
KW - Blocking
KW - Cyclones
KW - Wave Propagation
KW - Stratosphere
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2023/1154
SN - 0941-2948
SN - 1610-1227
VL - 32
IS - 3
SP - 173
EP - 194
PB - Schweizerbart
CY - Stuttgart
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mayer, Dennis
A1 - Lever, Fabiano
A1 - Picconi, David
A1 - Metje, Jan
A1 - Ališauskas, Skirmantas
A1 - Calegari, Francesca
A1 - Düsterer, Stefan
A1 - Ehlert, Christopher
A1 - Feifel, Raimund
A1 - Niebuhr, Mario
A1 - Manschwetus, Bastian
A1 - Kuhlmann, Marion
A1 - Mazza, Tommaso
A1 - Robinson, Matthew Scott
A1 - Squibb, Richard James
A1 - Trabattoni, Andrea
A1 - Wallner, Måns
A1 - Saalfrank, Peter
A1 - Wolf, Thomas J. A.
A1 - Gühr, Markus
T1 - Following excited-state chemical shifts in molecular ultrafast x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - The conversion of photon energy into other energetic forms in molecules is accompanied by charge moving on ultrafast timescales. We directly observe the charge motion at a specific site in an electronically excited molecule using time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-XPS). We extend the concept of static chemical shift from conventional XPS by the excited-state chemical shift (ESCS), which is connected to the charge in the framework of a potential model. This allows us to invert TR-XPS spectra to the dynamic charge at a specific atom. We demonstrate the power of TR-XPS by using sulphur 2p-core-electron-emission probing to study the UV-excited dynamics of 2-thiouracil. The method allows us to discover that a major part of the population relaxes to the molecular ground state within 220–250 fs. In addition, a 250-fs oscillation, visible in the kinetic energy of the TR-XPS, reveals a coherent exchange of population among electronic states.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27908-y
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 13
PB - Springer Nature
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Veh, Georg
A1 - Lützow, Natalie
A1 - Kharlamova, Varvara
A1 - Petrakov, Dmitry
A1 - Hugonnet, Romain
A1 - Korup, Oliver
T1 - Trends, Breaks, and Biases in the Frequency of Reported Glacier Lake Outburst Floods
JF - Earth's Future
N2 - Thousands of glacier lakes have been forming behind natural dams in high mountains following glacier retreat since the early 20th century. Some of these lakes abruptly released pulses of water and sediment with disastrous downstream consequences. Yet it remains unclear whether the reported rise of these glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) has been fueled by a warming atmosphere and enhanced meltwater production, or simply a growing research effort. Here we estimate trends and biases in GLOF reporting based on the largest global catalog of 1,997 dated glacier-related floods in six major mountain ranges from 1901 to 2017. We find that the positive trend in the number of reported GLOFs has decayed distinctly after a break in the 1970s, coinciding with independently detected trend changes in annual air temperatures and in the annual number of field-based glacier surveys (a proxy of scientific reporting). We observe that GLOF reports and glacier surveys decelerated, while temperature rise accelerated in the past five decades. Enhanced warming alone can thus hardly explain the annual number of reported GLOFs, suggesting that temperature-driven glacier lake formation, growth, and failure are weakly coupled, or that outbursts have been overlooked. Indeed, our analysis emphasizes a distinct geographic and temporal bias in GLOF reporting, and we project that between two to four out of five GLOFs on average might have gone unnoticed in the early to mid-20th century. We recommend that such biases should be considered, or better corrected for, when attributing the frequency of reported GLOFs to atmospheric warming.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002426
SN - 2328-4277
VL - 10
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Hoboken, New Jersey
ET - 3
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bouamra, Marwa
A1 - Zouhal, Hassane
A1 - Ratel, Sébastien
A1 - Makhlouf, Issam
A1 - Bezrati, Ikram
A1 - Chtara, Moktar
A1 - Behm, David George
A1 - Granacher, Urs
A1 - Chaouachi, Anis
T1 - Concurrent Training Promotes Greater Gains on Body Composition and Components of Physical Fitness Than Single-Mode Training (Endurance or Resistance) in Youth With Obesity
JF - Frontiers in Physiology
N2 - The prevalence of obesity in the pediatric population has become a major public health issue. Indeed, the dramatic increase of this epidemic causes multiple and harmful consequences, Physical activity, particularly physical exercise, remains to be the cornerstone of interventions against childhood obesity. Given the conflicting findings with reference to the relevant literature addressing the effects of exercise on adiposity and physical fitness outcomes in obese children and adolescents, the effect of duration-matched concurrent training (CT) [50% resistance (RT) and 50% high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT)] on body composition and physical fitness in obese youth remains to be elucidated. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 9-weeks of CT compared to RT or HIIT alone, on body composition and selected physical fitness components in healthy sedentary obese youth. Out of 73 participants, only 37; [14 males and 23 females; age 13.4 ± 0.9 years; body-mass-index (BMI): 31.2 ± 4.8 kg·m-2] were eligible and randomized into three groups: HIIT (n = 12): 3-4 sets×12 runs at 80–110% peak velocity, with 10-s passive recovery between bouts; RT (n = 12): 6 exercises; 3–4 sets × 10 repetition maximum (RM) and CT (n = 13): 50% serial completion of RT and HIIT. CT promoted significant greater gains compared to HIIT and RT on body composition (p < 0.01, d = large), 6-min-walking test distance (6 MWT-distance) and on 6 MWT-VO2max (p < 0.03, d = large). In addition, CT showed substantially greater improvements than HIIT in the medicine ball throw test (20.2 vs. 13.6%, p < 0.04, d = large). On the other hand, RT exhibited significantly greater gains in relative hand grip strength (p < 0.03, d = large) and CMJ (p < 0.01, d = large) than HIIT and CT. CT promoted greater benefits for fat, body mass loss and cardiorespiratory fitness than HIIT or RT modalities. This study provides important information for practitioners and therapists on the application of effective exercise regimes with obese youth to induce significant and beneficial body composition changes. The applied CT program and the respective programming parameters in terms of exercise intensity and volume can be used by practitioners as an effective exercise treatment to fight the pandemic overweight and obesity in youth.
KW - weight loss
KW - adolescents
KW - high-intensity-interval training
KW - resistance training
KW - DXA
KW - matched time
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.869063
SN - 1664-042X
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Frontiers
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heistermann, Maik
A1 - Bogena, Heye
A1 - Francke, Till
A1 - Güntner, Andreas
A1 - Jakobi, Jannis
A1 - Rasche, Daniel
A1 - Schrön, Martin
A1 - Döpper, Veronika
A1 - Fersch, Benjamin
A1 - Groh, Jannis
A1 - Patil, Amol
A1 - Pütz, Thomas
A1 - Reich, Marvin
A1 - Zacharias, Steffen
A1 - Zengerle, Carmen
A1 - Oswald, Sascha
T1 - Soil moisture observation in a forested headwater catchment: combining a dense cosmic-ray neutron sensor network with roving and hydrogravimetry at the TERENO site Wüstebach
JF - Earth system science data : ESSD
N2 - Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has become an effective method to measure soil moisture at a horizontal scale of hundreds of metres and a depth of decimetres. Recent studies proposed operating CRNS in a network with overlapping footprints in order to cover root-zone water dynamics at the small catchment scale and, at the same time, to represent spatial heterogeneity. In a joint field campaign from September to November 2020 (JFC-2020), five German research institutions deployed 15 CRNS sensors in the 0.4 km2 Wüstebach catchment (Eifel mountains, Germany). The catchment is dominantly forested (but includes a substantial fraction of open vegetation) and features a topographically distinct catchment boundary. In addition to the dense CRNS coverage, the campaign featured a unique combination of additional instruments and techniques: hydro-gravimetry (to detect water storage dynamics also below the root zone); ground-based and, for the first time, airborne CRNS roving; an extensive wireless soil sensor network, supplemented by manual measurements; and six weighable lysimeters. Together with comprehensive data from the long-term local research infrastructure, the published data set (available at https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.756ca0485800474e9dc7f5949c63b872; Heistermann et al., 2022) will be a valuable asset in various research contexts: to advance the retrieval of landscape water storage from CRNS, wireless soil sensor networks, or hydrogravimetry; to identify scale-specific combinations of sensors and methods to represent soil moisture variability; to improve the understanding and simulation of land–atmosphere exchange as well as hydrological and hydrogeological processes at the hillslope and the catchment scale; and to support the retrieval of soil water content from airborne and spaceborne remote sensing platforms.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2501-2022
SN - 1866-3516
SN - 1866-3508
VL - 14
IS - 5
SP - 2501
EP - 2519
PB - Copernicus
CY - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bereswill, Sarah
A1 - Gatz-Miller, Hannah
A1 - Su, Danyang
A1 - Tötzke, Christian
A1 - Kardjilov, Nikolay
A1 - Oswald, Sascha
A1 - Mayer, Klaus Ulrich
T1 - Coupling non-invasive imaging and reactive transport modeling to investigate water and oxygen dynamics in the root zone
JF - Vadose zone journal
N2 - Oxygen (O-2) availability in soils is vital for plant growth and productivity. The transport and consumption of O-2 in the root zone is closely linked to soil moisture content, the spatial distribution of roots, as well as structure and heterogeneity of the surrounding soil. In this study, we measure three-dimensional root system architecture and the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil moisture (& theta;) and O-2 concentrations in the root zone of maize (Zea mays) via non-invasive imaging, and then construct and parameterize a reactive transport model based on the experimental data. The combination of three non-invasive imaging methods allowed for a direct comparison of simulation results with observations at high spatial and temporal resolution. In three different modeling scenarios, we investigated how the results obtained for different levels of conceptual complexity in the model were able to match measured & theta; and O-2 concentration patterns. We found that the modeling scenario that considers heterogeneous soil structure and spatial variability of hydraulic parameters (permeability, porosity, and van Genuchten & alpha; and n), better reproduced the measured & theta; and O-2 patterns relative to a simple model with a homogenous soil domain. The results from our combined imaging and modeling analysis reveal that experimental O-2 and water dynamics can be reproduced quantitatively in a reactive transport model, and that O-2 and water dynamics are best characterized when conditions unique to the specific system beyond the distribution of roots, such as soil structure and its effect on water saturation and macroscopic gas transport pathways, are considered.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20268
SN - 1539-1663
VL - 22
IS - 5
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tabatabaei, Iman
A1 - Alseekh, Saleh
A1 - Shahid, Mohammad
A1 - Leniak, Ewa
A1 - Wagner, Mateusz
A1 - Mahmoudi, Henda
A1 - Thushar, Sumitha
A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R.
A1 - Murphy, Kevin M.
A1 - Schmöckel, Sandra M.
A1 - Tester, Mark
A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd
A1 - Skirycz, Aleksandra
A1 - Balazadeh, Salma
T1 - The diversity of quinoa morphological traits and seed metabolic composition
JF - Scientific data
N2 - Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an herbaceous annual crop of the amaranth family (Amaranthaceae). It is increasingly cultivated for its nutritious grains, which are rich in protein and essential amino acids, lipids, and minerals. Quinoa exhibits a high tolerance towards various abiotic stresses including drought and salinity, which supports its agricultural cultivation under climate change conditions. The use of quinoa grains is compromised by anti-nutritional saponins, a terpenoid class of secondary metabolites deposited in the seed coat; their removal before consumption requires extensive washing, an economically and environmentally unfavorable process; or their accumulation can be reduced through breeding. In this study, we analyzed the seed metabolomes, including amino acids, fatty acids, and saponins, from 471 quinoa cultivars, including two related species, by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. Additionally, we determined a large number of agronomic traits including biomass, flowering time, and seed yield. The results revealed considerable diversity between genotypes and provide a knowledge base for future breeding or genome editing of quinoa.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01399-y
SN - 2052-4463
VL - 9
IS - 1
PB - Nature Research
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mattern, Maximilian
A1 - Reppert, Alexander von
A1 - Zeuschner, Steffen Peer
A1 - Herzog, Marc
A1 - Pudell, Jan-Etienne
A1 - Bargheer, Matias
T1 - Concepts and use cases for picosecond ultrasonics with x-rays
JF - Photoacoustics
N2 - This review discusses picosecond ultrasonics experiments using ultrashort hard x-ray probe pulses to extract the transient strain response of laser-excited nanoscopic structures from Bragg-peak shifts. This method provides direct, layer-specific, and quantitative information on the picosecond strain response for structures down to few-nm thickness. We model the transient strain using the elastic wave equation and express the driving stress using Gruneisen parameters stating that the laser-induced stress is proportional to energy density changes in the microscopic subsystems of the solid, i.e., electrons, phonons and spins. The laser-driven strain response can thus serve as an ultrafast proxy for local energy-density and temperature changes, but we emphasize the importance of the nanoscale morphology for an accurate interpretation due to the Poisson effect. The presented experimental use cases encompass ultrathin and opaque metal-heterostructures, continuous and granular nanolayers as well as negative thermal expansion materials, that each pose a challenge to established all-optical techniques.
KW - Picosecond ultrasonics
KW - Ultrafast x-ray diffraction
KW - Ultrafast x-ray
KW - scattering
KW - Ultrafast photoacoustics
KW - Nanoscale heat transfer
KW - Negative
KW - thermal expansion
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100503
SN - 2213-5979
VL - 31
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Leong, Jia Xuan
A1 - Raffeiner, Margot
A1 - Spinti, Daniela
A1 - Langin, Gautier
A1 - Franz-Wachtel, Mirita
A1 - Guzman, Andrew R.
A1 - Kim, Jung-Gun
A1 - Pandey, Pooja
A1 - Minina, Alyona E.
A1 - Macek, Boris
A1 - Hafren, Anders
A1 - Bozkurt, Tolga O.
A1 - Mudgett, Mary Beth
A1 - Börnke, Frederik
A1 - Hofius, Daniel
A1 - Uestuen, Suayib
T1 - A bacterial effector counteracts host autophagy by promoting degradation of an autophagy component
JF - The EMBO journal
N2 - Beyond its role in cellular homeostasis, autophagy plays anti- and promicrobial roles in host-microbe interactions, both in animals and plants.
One prominent role of antimicrobial autophagy is to degrade intracellular pathogens or microbial molecules, in a process termed xenophagy.
Consequently, microbes evolved mechanisms to hijack or modulate autophagy to escape elimination.
Although well-described in animals, the extent to which xenophagy contributes to plant-bacteria interactions remains unknown.
Here, we provide evidence that Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) suppresses host autophagy by utilizing type-III effector XopL. XopL interacts with and degrades the autophagy component SH3P2 via its E3 ligase activity to promote infection.
Intriguingly, XopL is targeted for degradation by defense-related selective autophagy mediated by NBR1/Joka2, revealing a complex antagonistic interplay between XopL and the host autophagy machinery.
Our results implicate plant antimicrobial autophagy in the depletion of a bacterial virulence factor and unravel an unprecedented pathogen strategy to counteract defense-related autophagy in plant-bacteria interactions.
KW - autophagy
KW - effectors
KW - immunity
KW - ubiquitination
KW - xenophagy
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2021110352
SN - 1460-2075
VL - 41
IS - 13
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vilk, Ohad
A1 - Aghion, Erez
A1 - Avgar, Tal
A1 - Beta, Carsten
A1 - Nagel, Oliver
A1 - Sabri, Adal
A1 - Sarfati, Raphael
A1 - Schwartz, Daniel K.
A1 - Weiß, Matthias
A1 - Krapf, Diego
A1 - Nathan, Ran
A1 - Metzler, Ralf
A1 - Assaf, Michael
T1 - Unravelling the origins of anomalous diffusion
BT - from molecules to migrating storks
JF - Physical review research / American Physical Society
N2 - Anomalous diffusion or, more generally, anomalous transport, with nonlinear dependence of the mean-squared displacement on the measurement time, is ubiquitous in nature. It has been observed in processes ranging from microscopic movement of molecules to macroscopic, large-scale paths of migrating birds. Using data from multiple empirical systems, spanning 12 orders of magnitude in length and 8 orders of magnitude in time, we employ a method to detect the individual underlying origins of anomalous diffusion and transport in the data. This method decomposes anomalous transport into three primary effects: long-range correlations (“Joseph effect”), fat-tailed probability density of increments (“Noah effect”), and nonstationarity (“Moses effect”). We show that such a decomposition of real-life data allows us to infer nontrivial behavioral predictions and to resolve open questions in the fields of single-particle tracking in living cells and movement ecology.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.033055
SN - 2643-1564
VL - 4
IS - 3
PB - American Physical Society
CY - College Park, MD
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Paoli, Antonio
A1 - Moro, Tatiana
A1 - Lorenzetti, Silvio
A1 - Seiler, Jan
A1 - Lüthy, Fabian
A1 - Gross, Micah
A1 - Roggio, Federico
A1 - Chaabene, Helmi
A1 - Musumeci, Giuseppe
T1 - The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series
BT - Resistance Training
T2 - Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
N2 - We are glad to introduce the Second Journal Club of Volume Five, Second Issue. This edition is focused on relevant studies published in the last few years in the field of resistance training, chosen by our Editorial Board members and their colleagues. We hope to stimulate your curiosity in this field and to share with you the passion for the sport, seen also from the scientific point of view. The Editorial Board members wish you an inspiring lecture.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5020025
SN - 2411-5142
VL - 5
IS - 2
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Lemke, Tristan
T1 - Keine Reform für die Zukunft
T2 - Verfassungsblog : on matters constitutional
N2 - Am 1. Januar 2021 trat die jüngste Reform des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes (EEG) in Kraft. Sie führte mit der finanziellen Beteiligung der Gemeinden an den Erträgen der Windenergie klammheimlich eine verfassungswidrige Abgabe ein: Durch das Zusammenspiel des neuen § 36k EEG 2021 mit der altbekannten EEG-Umlage fließt eine bei den Strom-Endverbrauchern erhobene Abgabe in die kommunalen Haushalte. Das kann auf keine Gesetzgebungskompetenz gestützt werden. Darüber hinaus führt die Deckelung der EEG-Umlage in den Jahren 2021 und 2022 in Verbindung mit § 36k EEG 2021 dazu, dass in verfassungswidriger Weise Bundesmittel den Gemeinden zur freien Verfügung gestellt werden.
KW - Abgabe
KW - Umlage
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.17176/20210130-222740-0
SN - 2366-7044
PB - Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wyckmans, Florent
A1 - Otto, A. Ross
A1 - Sebold, Miriam
A1 - Daw, Nathaniel
A1 - Bechara, Antoine
A1 - Saeremans, Mélanie
A1 - Kornreich, Charles
A1 - Chatard, Armand
A1 - Jaafari, Nemat
A1 - Noël, Xavier
T1 - Reduced model-based decision-making in gambling disorder
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - Compulsive behaviors (e.g., addiction) can be viewed as an aberrant decision process where inflexible reactions automatically evoked by stimuli (habit) take control over decision making to the detriment of a more flexible (goal-oriented) behavioral learning system. These behaviors are thought to arise from learning algorithms known as "model-based" and "model-free" reinforcement learning. Gambling disorder, a form of addiction without the confound of neurotoxic effects of drugs, showed impaired goal-directed control but the way in which problem gamblers (PG) orchestrate model-based and model-free strategies has not been evaluated. Forty-nine PG and 33 healthy participants (CP) completed a two-step sequential choice task for which model-based and model-free learning have distinct and identifiable trial-by-trial learning signatures. The influence of common psychopathological comorbidities on those two forms of learning were investigated. PG showed impaired model-based learning, particularly after unrewarded outcomes. In addition, PG exhibited faster reaction times than CP following unrewarded decisions. Troubled mood, higher impulsivity (i.e., positive and negative urgency) and current and chronic stress reported via questionnaires did not account for those results. These findings demonstrate specific reinforcement learning and decision-making deficits in behavioral addiction that advances our understanding and may be important dimensions for designing effective interventions.
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56161-z
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 9
PB - Nature Publ. Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kaminski, Jakob A.
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Awasthi, Swapnil
A1 - Ruggeri, Barbara
A1 - Deserno, Lorenz
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Bokde, Arun L. W.
A1 - Bromberg, Uli
A1 - Büchel, Christian
A1 - Quinlan, Erin Burke
A1 - Desrivieres, Sylvane
A1 - Flor, Herta
A1 - Frouin, Vincent
A1 - Garavan, Hugh
A1 - Gowland, Penny
A1 - Ittermann, Bernd
A1 - Martinot, Jean-Luc
A1 - Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere
A1 - Nees, Frauke
A1 - Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos
A1 - Paus, Tomas
A1 - Poustka, Luise
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Fröhner, Juliane H.
A1 - Walter, Henrik
A1 - Whelan, Robert
A1 - Ripke, Stephan
A1 - Schumann, Gunter
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
T1 - Epigenetic variance in dopamine D2 receptor
BT - a marker of IQ malleability?
JF - Translational Psychiatry
N2 - Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to cognitive test performance. A substantial increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century within one generation is unlikely to be explained by genetic changes. One possible explanation for the strong malleability of cognitive performance measure is that environmental factors modify gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic factors may help to understand the recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events. The possible manifestation of malleable biomarkers contributing to variance in cognitive test performance, and thus possibly contributing to the "missing heritability" between estimates from twin studies and variance explained by genetic markers, is still unclear. Here we show in 1475 healthy adolescents from the IMaging and GENetics (IMAGEN) sample that general IQ (gIQ) is associated with (1) polygenic scores for intelligence, (2) epigenetic modification of DRD2 gene, (3) gray matter density in striatum, and (4) functional striatal activation elicited by temporarily surprising reward-predicting cues. Comparing the relative importance for the prediction of gIQ in an overlapping subsample, our results demonstrate neurobiological correlates of the malleability of gIQ and point to equal importance of genetic variance, epigenetic modification of DRD2 receptor gene, as well as functional striatal activation, known to influence dopamine neurotransmission. Peripheral epigenetic markers are in need of confirmation in the central nervous system and should be tested in longitudinal settings specifically assessing individual and environmental factors that modify epigenetic structure.
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-018-0222-7
SN - 2158-3188
VL - 8
PB - Nature Publ. Group
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gellert, Paul
A1 - Häusler, Andreas
A1 - Suhr, Ralf
A1 - Gholami, Maryam
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Kuhlmey, Adelheid
A1 - Nordheim, Johanna
T1 - Testing the stress-buffering hypothesis of social support in couples coping with early-stage dementia
JF - PLoS one
N2 - Purpose:
To test whether the negative relationship between perceived stress and quality of life (Hypothesis 1) can be buffered by perceived social support in patients with dementia as well as in caregivers individually (Hypothesis 2: actor effects) and across partners (Hypothesis 3: partner effects and actor-partner effects).
Method:
A total of 108 couples (N = 216 individuals) comprised of one individual with early-stage dementia and one caregiving partner were assessed at baseline and one month apart. Moderation effects were investigated by applying linear mixed models and actor-partner interdependence models.
Results:
Although the stress-quality of life association was more pronounced in caregivers (beta = -.63, p<.001) compared to patients (beta= -.31, p<.001), this association was equally moderated by social support in patients (beta = .14, p<.05) and in the caregivers (beta =.13, p<.05). From one partner to his or her counterpart, the partner buffering and actor-partner-buffering effect were not present.
Conclusion:
The stress-buffering effect has been replicated in individuals with dementia and caregivers but not across partners. Interventions to improve quality of life through perceived social support should not only focus on caregivers, but should incorporate both partners.
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189849
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 13
IS - 1
PB - PLoS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Sommer, C.
A1 - Nebe, S.
A1 - Sebold, Miriam
A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören
A1 - Wittchen, H. U.
A1 - Smolka, M.
A1 - Zimmermann, U.
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Huys, Q.
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Heinz, A.
T1 - Pavlovian-instrumental transfer in the course of alcohol use disorder
T2 - European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists
N2 - Background: Pavlovian processes are thought to play an important role in the development, maintenance and relapse of alcohol dependence, possibly by influencing and usurping on- going thought and behavior. The influence of Pavlovian stimuli on on-going behavior is paradigmatically measured by Pavlovian-to-instrumental-transfer (PIT) tasks. These involve multiple stages and are complex. Whether increased PIT is involved in human alcohol
dependence is uncertain. We therefore aimed to establish and validate a modified PIT paradigm that would be robust, consistent, and tolerated by healthy controls as well as by patients suffering from alcohol dependence, and to explore whether alcohol dependence is associated with enhanced Pavlovian-Instrumental transfer.
Methods: 32 recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 32 age and gender matched healthy controls performed a PIT task with instrumental go/no-go approach behaviours. The task involved both Pavlovian stimuli associated with monetary rewards and losses, and images of drinks.
Results: Both patients and healthy controls showed a robust and temporally stable PIT effect. Strengths of PIT effects to drug-related and monetary conditioned stimuli were highly correlated. Patients more frequently showed a PIT effect and the effect was stronger in response to aversively conditioned CSs (conditioned suppression), but there was no group difference in response to appetitive CSs.
Conclusion: The implementation of PIT has favorably robust properties in chronic alcohol- dependent patients and in healthy controls. It shows internal consistency between monetary and drug-related cues. The findings support an association of alcohol dependence with an increased propensity towards PIT.
Y1 - 2018
SN - 0924-9338
SN - 1778-3585
VL - 48
SP - S546
EP - S546
PB - Elsevier
CY - ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heissel, Andreas
A1 - Pietrek, Anou F.
A1 - Schwefel, Melanie
A1 - Abula, Kahar
A1 - Wilbertz, Gregor
A1 - Heinzel, Stephan
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
T1 - STEP.De study
BT - a multicentre cluster-randomised effectiveness trial of exercise therapy for patients with depressive symptoms in healthcare services : study protocol
JF - BMJ open
N2 - Introduction Although exercise therapy has widely been shown to be an efficacious treatment modality for depression, evidence for its effectiveness and cost efficiency is lacking. The Sport/Exercise Therapy for Depression study is a multicentre cluster-randomised effectiveness trial that aims to compare the effectiveness and cost efficiency of exercise therapy and psychotherapy as antidepressant treatment.
Methods and analysis 480 patients (aged 18-65) with an International Classification of Diseases diagnosis associated with depressive symptoms are recruited. Up to 30 clusters (psychotherapists) are randomly assigned to allocate patients to either an exercise or a psychotherapy treatment as usual in a 2: 1 ratio. The primary outcome (depressive symptoms) and the secondary outcomes (work and social adjustment, quality of life) will be assessed at six measurement time points (t0: baseline, t1: 8 weeks after treatment initiation, t2: 16 weeks after treatment initiation, t3/ 4/5: 2, 6, 12 months after treatment). Linear regression analyses will be used for the primary endpoint data analysis. For the secondary endpoints, mixed linear and logistic regression models with fixed and random factors will be added. For the cost efficiency analysis, expenditures in the 12 months before and after the intervention and the outcome difference will be compared between groups in a multilevel model. Recruitment start date was 1 July 2018 and the planned recruitment end date is 31 December 2020.
Ethics and dissemination The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Potsdam (No. 17/2018) and the Freie Universitat Berlin (No. 206/2018) and registered in the ISRCTN registry. Informed written consent will be obtained from all participants. The study will be reported in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and the Recommendations for Interventional Trials statements. The results will be published in peer-reviewed academic journals and disseminated to the public.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036287
SN - 2044-6055
VL - 10
IS - 4
PB - BMJ Publishing Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schulze, Susanne
A1 - Merz, Sibille
A1 - Thier, Anne
A1 - Tallarek, Marie
A1 - König, Franziska
A1 - Uhlenbrock, Greta
A1 - Nübling, Matthias
A1 - Lincke, Hans-Joachim
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Spallek, Jacob
A1 - Holmberg, Christine
T1 - Psychosocial burden in nurses working in nursing homes during the Covid-19 pandemic
BT - a cross-sectional study with quantitative and qualitative data
JF - BMC health services research
N2 - Background The Covid-19 pandemic led to increased work-related strain and psychosocial burden in nurses worldwide, resulting in high prevalences of mental health problems. Nurses in long-term care facilities seem to be especially affected by the pandemic. Nevertheless, there are few findings indicating possible positive changes for health care workers. Therefore, we investigated which psychosocial burdens and potential positive aspects nurses working in long-term care facilities experience during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods study among nurses and nursing assistants working in nursing homes in Germany. The survey contained the third German version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III). Using Welch's t-tests, we compared the COPSOQ results of our sample against a pre-pandemic reference group of geriatric nurses from Germany. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with geriatric nurses with a special focus on psychosocial stress, to reach a deeper understanding of their experiences on work-related changes and burdens during the pandemic. Data were analysed using thematic coding (Braun and Clarke). Results Our survey sample (n = 177) differed significantly from the pre-pandemic reference group in 14 out of 31 COPSOQ scales. Almost all of these differences indicated negative changes. Our sample scored significantly worse regarding the scales 'quantitative demands', 'hiding emotions', 'work-privacy conflicts', 'role conflicts', 'quality of leadership', 'support at work', 'recognition', 'physical demands', 'intention to leave profession', 'burnout', 'presenteeism' and 'inability to relax'. The interviews (n = 15) revealed six main themes related to nurses' psychosocial stress: 'overall working conditions', 'concern for residents', 'management of relatives', 'inability to provide terminal care', 'tensions between being infected and infecting others' and 'technicisation of care'. 'Enhanced community cohesion' (interviews), 'meaning of work' and 'quantity of social relations' (COPSOQ III) were identified as positive effects of the pandemic. Conclusions Results clearly illustrate an aggravation of geriatric nurses' situation and psychosocial burden and only few positive changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Pre-existing hardships seem to have further deteriorated and new stressors added to nurses' strain. The perceived erosion of care, due to an overemphasis of the technical in relation to the social and emotional dimensions of care, seems to be especially burdensome to geriatric nurses.
KW - COPSOQ
KW - Nurses
KW - Nursing home
KW - Psychosocial burden
KW - Mixed-methods study
KW - Covid-19
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08333-3
SN - 1472-6963
VL - 22
IS - 1
PB - BMC
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ye, Fangyuan
A1 - Zhang, Shuo
A1 - Warby, Jonathan
A1 - Wu, Jiawei
A1 - Gutierrez-Partida, Emilio
A1 - Lang, Felix
A1 - Shah, Sahil
A1 - Saglamkaya, Elifnaz
A1 - Sun, Bowen
A1 - Zu, Fengshuo
A1 - Shoaee, Safa
A1 - Wang, Haifeng
A1 - Stiller, Burkhard
A1 - Neher, Dieter
A1 - Zhu, Wei-Hong
A1 - Stolterfoht, Martin
A1 - Wu, Yongzhen
T1 - Overcoming C-60-induced interfacial recombination in inverted perovskite solar cells by electron-transporting carborane
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - Inverted perovskite solar cells still suffer from significant non-radiative recombination losses at the perovskite surface and across the perovskite/C-60 interface, limiting the future development of perovskite-based single- and multi-junction photovoltaics. Therefore, more effective inter- or transport layers are urgently required. To tackle these recombination losses, we introduce ortho-carborane as an interlayer material that has a spherical molecular structure and a three-dimensional aromaticity. Based on a variety of experimental techniques, we show that ortho-carborane decorated with phenylamino groups effectively passivates the perovskite surface and essentially eliminates the non-radiative recombination loss across the perovskite/C-60 interface with high thermal stability. We further demonstrate the potential of carborane as an electron transport material, facilitating electron extraction while blocking holes from the interface. The resulting inverted perovskite solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of over 23% with a low non-radiative voltage loss of 110mV, and retain >97% of the initial efficiency after 400h of maximum power point tracking. Overall, the designed carborane based interlayer simultaneously enables passivation, electron-transport and hole-blocking and paves the way toward more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Effective transport layers are essential to suppress non-radiative recombination losses. Here, the authors introduce phenylamino-functionalized ortho-carborane as an interfacial layer, and realise inverted perovskite solar cells with efficiency of over 23% and operational stability of T97=400h.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34203-x
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 13
IS - 1
PB - Nature Publishing Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Förstner, Bernd Rainer
A1 - Böttger, Sarah Jane
A1 - Moldavski, Alexander
A1 - Bajbouj, Malek
A1 - Pfennig, Andrea
A1 - Manook, Andre
A1 - Ising, Marcus
A1 - Pittig, Andre
A1 - Heinig, Ingmar
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
A1 - Mathiak, Klaus
A1 - Schulze, Thomas G.
A1 - Schneider, Frank
A1 - Kamp-Becker, Inge
A1 - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1 - Padberg, Frank
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Bauer, Michael
A1 - Rupprecht, Rainer
A1 - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Tschorn, Mira
T1 - The associations of positive and negative valence systems, cognitive systems and social processes on disease severity in anxiety and depressive disorders
JF - Frontiers in psychiatry
N2 - Background Anxiety and depressive disorders share common features of mood dysfunctions. This has stimulated interest in transdiagnostic dimensional research as proposed by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) aiming to improve the understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the processing of RDoC domains in relation to disease severity in order to identify latent disorder-specific as well as transdiagnostic indicators of disease severity in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders.
Methods Within the German research network for mental disorders, 895 participants (n = 476 female, n = 602 anxiety disorder, n = 257 depressive disorder) were recruited for the Phenotypic, Diagnostic and Clinical Domain Assessment Network Germany (PD-CAN) and included in this cross-sectional study. We performed incremental regression models to investigate the association of four RDoC domains on disease severity in patients with affective disorders: Positive (PVS) and Negative Valance System (NVS), Cognitive Systems (CS) and Social Processes (SP).
Results The results confirmed a transdiagnostic relationship for all four domains, as we found significant main effects on disease severity within domain-specific models (PVS: & beta; = -0.35; NVS: & beta; = 0.39; CS: & beta; = -0.12; SP: & beta; = -0.32). We also found three significant interaction effects with main diagnosis showing a disease-specific association.
Limitations The cross-sectional study design prevents causal conclusions. Further limitations include possible outliers and heteroskedasticity in all regression models which we appropriately controlled for.
Conclusion Our key results show that symptom burden in anxiety and depressive disorders is associated with latent RDoC indicators in transdiagnostic and disease-specific ways.
KW - Research Domain Criteria
KW - depression
KW - anxiety disoders
KW - disease severity
KW - transdiagnostic
KW - RDoC
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1161097
SN - 1664-0640
VL - 14
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Sebold, Miriam
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Nebe, S.
A1 - Sundmacher, L.
A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören
A1 - Wittchen, H. U.
A1 - Smolka, M.
A1 - Zimmermann, U.
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Huys, Q.
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Heinz, A.
T1 - From goals to habits in alcohol dependence
BT - association with treatment outcome and cognitive bias modification training
T2 - European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists
Y1 - 2018
SN - 0924-9338
SN - 1778-3585
VL - 48
SP - S274
EP - S274
PB - Elsevier
CY - Paris
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Nebe, Stephan
A1 - Sommer, Christian
A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören
A1 - Sebold, Miriam
A1 - Schad, Daniel
A1 - Friedel, Eva
A1 - Veer, Ilya M.
A1 - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Ripke, Stephan
A1 - Walter, Henrik
A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M.
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
T1 - Pavlovian-To-Instrumental Transfer and Alcohol Consumption in Young Male Social Drinkers
BT - Behavioral, Neural and Polygenic Correlates
JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine
N2 - In animals and humans, behavior can be influenced by irrelevant stimuli, a phenomenon called Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT). In subjects with substance use disorder, PIT is even enhanced with functional activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and amygdala. While we observed enhanced behavioral and neural PIT effects in alcohol-dependent subjects, we here aimed to determine whether behavioral PIT is enhanced in young men with high-risk compared to low-risk drinking and subsequently related functional activation in an a-priori region of interest encompassing the NAcc and amygdala and related to polygenic risk for alcohol consumption. A representative sample of 18-year old men (n = 1937) was contacted: 445 were screened, 209 assessed: resulting in 191 valid behavioral, 139 imaging and 157 genetic datasets. None of the subjects fulfilled criteria for alcohol dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TextRevision (DSM-IV-TR). We measured how instrumental responding for rewards was influenced by background Pavlovian conditioned stimuli predicting action-independent rewards and losses. Behavioral PIT was enhanced in high-compared to low-risk drinkers (b = 0.09, SE = 0.03, z = 2.7, p < 0.009). Across all subjects, we observed PIT-related neural blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the right amygdala (t = 3.25, p(SVC) = 0.04, x = 26, y = -6, z = -12), but not in NAcc. The strength of the behavioral PIT effect was positively correlated with polygenic risk for alcohol consumption (r(s) = 0.17, p = 0.032). We conclude that behavioral PIT and polygenic risk for alcohol consumption might be a biomarker for a subclinical phenotype of risky alcohol consumption, even if no drug-related stimulus is present. The association between behavioral PIT effects and the amygdala might point to habitual processes related to out PIT task. In non-dependent young social drinkers, the amygdala rather than the NAcc is activated during PIT; possible different involvement in association with disease trajectory should be investigated in future studies.
KW - Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer
KW - amygdala
KW - alcohol
KW - polygenic risk
KW - high risk drinkers
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081188
SN - 2077-0383
VL - 8
IS - 8
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jacob, Louis
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Kostev, Karel
T1 - Long-term use of benzodiazepines in older patients in Germany
BT - a retrospective analysis
JF - Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology
N2 - Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of long-term benzodiazepine use in older adults treated in general and neuropsychiatric practices in Germany. Methods: This study included 32,182 patients over the age of 65 years who received benzodiazepine prescriptions for the first time between January 2010 and December 2014 in general and neuropsychiatric practices in Germany. Follow up lasted until July 2016. The main outcome measure was the proportion of patients treated with benzodiazepines for >6 months. Results: The proportion of patients with benzodiazepine therapy for >6 months increased with age (65-70 years: 12.3%; 71-80 years: 15.5%; 81-90 years: 23.7%; >90 years: 31.6%) but did not differ significantly between men (15.5%) and women (17.1%). The proportion of patients who received benzodiazepines for >6 months was higher among those with sleep disorders (21.1%), depression (20.8%) and dementia (32.1%) than among those with anxiety (15.5%). By contrast, this proportion was lower among people diagnosed with adjustment disorders (7.7%) and back pain (3.8%). Conclusion: Overall, long-term use of benzodiazepines is common in older people, particularly in patients over the age of 80 and in those diagnosed with dementia, sleep disorders, or depression.
KW - benzodiazepines
KW - Germany
KW - long-term use
KW - older people
KW - risk factors
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125317696454
SN - 2045-1253
SN - 2045-1261
VL - 7
IS - 6/7
SP - 191
EP - 200
PB - Sage Publ.
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sebold, Miriam
A1 - Chen, Hao
A1 - Önal, Aleyna
A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören
A1 - Mojtahedzadeh, Negin
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Nebe, Stephan
A1 - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M.
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
T1 - Stronger prejudices are associated with decreased model-based control
JF - Frontiers in psychology
N2 - Background:
Prejudices against minorities can be understood as habitually negative evaluations that are kept in spite of evidence to the contrary. Therefore, individuals with strong prejudices might be dominated by habitual or "automatic" reactions at the expense of more controlled reactions. Computational theories suggest individual differences in the balance between habitual/model-free and deliberative/model-based decision-making.
Methods:
127 subjects performed the two Step task and completed the blatant and subtle prejudice scale.
Results:
By using analyses of choices and reaction times in combination with computational modeling, subjects with stronger blatant prejudices showed a shift away from model-based control. There was no association between these decision-making processes and subtle prejudices.
Conclusion:
These results support the idea that blatant prejudices toward minorities are related to a relative dominance of habitual decision-making. This finding has important implications for developing interventions that target to change prejudices across societies.
KW - subtle and blatant prejudice
KW - immigrant
KW - social behavior;
KW - decision-making
KW - computational modeling
KW - reinforcement learning
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.767022
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 12
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jara Muñoz, Julius
A1 - Melnick, Daniel
A1 - Li, Shaoyang
A1 - Socquet, Anne
A1 - Cortés-Aranda, Joaquín
A1 - Brill, Dominik
A1 - Strecker, Manfred
T1 - The cryptic seismic potential of the Pichilemu blind fault in Chile revealed by off-fault geomorphology
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - The first step towards assessing hazards in seismically active regions involves mapping capable faults and estimating their recurrence times. While the mapping of active faults is commonly based on distinct geologic and geomorphic features evident at the surface, mapping blind seismogenic faults is complicated by the absence of on-fault diagnostic features. Here we investigated the Pichilemu Fault in coastal Chile, unknown until it generated a Mw 7.0 earthquake in 2010. The lack of evident surface faulting suggests activity along a partly-hidden blind fault. We used off-fault deformed marine terraces to estimate a fault-slip rate of 0.52 ± 0.04 m/ka, which, when integrated with satellite geodesy suggests a 2.12 ± 0.2 ka recurrence time for Mw~7.0 normal-faulting earthquakes. We propose that extension in the Pichilemu region is associated with stress changes during megathrust earthquakes and accommodated by sporadic slip during upper-plate earthquakes, which has implications for assessing the seismic potential of cryptic faults along convergent margins and elsewhere.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30754-1
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 13
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - De Freitas, Jessica K.
A1 - Johnson, Kipp W.
A1 - Golden, Eddye
A1 - Nadkarni, Girish N.
A1 - Dudley, Joel T.
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
A1 - Glicksberg, Benjamin S.
A1 - Miotto, Riccardo
T1 - Phe2vec
BT - Automated disease phenotyping based on unsupervised embeddings from electronic health records
JF - Patterns
N2 - Robust phenotyping of patients from electronic health records (EHRs) at scale is a challenge in clinical informatics. Here, we introduce Phe2vec, an automated framework for disease phenotyping from EHRs based on unsupervised learning and assess its effectiveness against standard rule-based algorithms from Phenotype KnowledgeBase (PheKB). Phe2vec is based on pre-computing embeddings of medical concepts and patients' clinical history. Disease phenotypes are then derived from a seed concept and its neighbors in the embedding space. Patients are linked to a disease if their embedded representation is close to the disease phenotype. Comparing Phe2vec and PheKB cohorts head-to-head using chart review, Phe2vec performed on par or better in nine out of ten diseases. Differently from other approaches, it can scale to any condition and was validated against widely adopted expert-based standards. Phe2vec aims to optimize clinical informatics research by augmenting current frameworks to characterize patients by condition and derive reliable disease cohorts.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2021.100337
SN - 2666-3899
VL - 2
IS - 9
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Grdseloff, Nastasja
A1 - Boulday, Gwenola
A1 - Roedel, Claudia J.
A1 - Otten, Cecile
A1 - Vannier, Daphne Raphaelle
A1 - Cardoso, Cecile
A1 - Faurobert, Eva
A1 - Dogra, Deepika
A1 - Tournier-Lasserve, Elisabeth
A1 - Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim
T1 - Impaired retinoic acid signaling in cerebral cavernous malformations
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - The capillary-venous pathology cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is caused by loss of CCM1/Krev interaction trapped protein 1 (KRIT1), CCM2/MGC4607, or CCM3/PDCD10 in some endothelial cells. Mutations of CCM genes within the brain vasculature can lead to recurrent cerebral hemorrhages. Pharmacological treatment options are urgently needed when lesions are located in deeply-seated and in-operable regions of the central nervous system. Previous pharmacological suppression screens in disease models of CCM led to the discovery that treatment with retinoic acid improved CCM phenotypes. This finding raised a need to investigate the involvement of retinoic acid in CCM and test whether it has a curative effect in preclinical mouse models. Here, we show that components of the retinoic acid synthesis and degradation pathway are transcriptionally misregulated across disease models of CCM. We complemented this analysis by pharmacologically modifying retinoic acid levels in zebrafish and human endothelial cell models of CCM, and in acute and chronic mouse models of CCM. Our pharmacological intervention studies in CCM2-depleted human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and krit1 mutant zebrafish showed positive effects when retinoic acid levels were increased. However, therapeutic approaches to prevent the development of vascular lesions in adult chronic murine models of CCM were drug regiment-sensitive, possibly due to adverse developmental effects of this hormone. A treatment with high doses of retinoic acid even worsened CCM lesions in an adult chronic murine model of CCM. This study provides evidence that retinoic acid signaling is impaired in the CCM pathophysiology and suggests that modification of retinoic acid levels can alleviate CCM phenotypes.
KW - Developmental biology
KW - Molecular medicine
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31905-0
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 13
IS - 1
PB - Nature Portfolio
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Smith, Taylor
A1 - Boers, Niklas
T1 - Global vegetation resilience linked to water availability and variability
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - Quantifying the resilience of vegetated ecosystems is key to constraining both present-day and future global impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Here we apply both empirical and theoretical resilience metrics to remotely-sensed vegetation data in order to examine the role of water availability and variability in controlling vegetation resilience at the global scale. We find a concise global relationship where vegetation resilience is greater in regions with higher water availability. We also reveal that resilience is lower in regions with more pronounced inter-annual precipitation variability, but find less concise relationships between vegetation resilience and intra-annual precipitation variability. Our results thus imply that the resilience of vegetation responds differently to water deficits at varying time scales. In view of projected increases in precipitation variability, our findings highlight the risk of ecosystem degradation under ongoing climate change.
Vegetation dynamics depend on both the amount of precipitation and its variability over time. Here, the authors show that vegetation resilience is greater where water availability is higher and where precipitation is more stable from year to year.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36207-7
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 14
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Falkenhagen, Undine
A1 - Knöchel, Jane
A1 - Kloft, Charlotte
A1 - Huisinga, Wilhelm
T1 - Deriving mechanism-based pharmacodynamic models by reducing quantitative systems pharmacology models
BT - an application to warfarin
JF - CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology
N2 - Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models integrate comprehensive qualitative and quantitative knowledge about pharmacologically relevant processes. We previously proposed a first approach to leverage the knowledge in QSP models to derive simpler, mechanism-based pharmacodynamic (PD) models. Their complexity, however, is typically still too large to be used in the population analysis of clinical data. Here, we extend the approach beyond state reduction to also include the simplification of reaction rates, elimination of reactions, and analytic solutions. We additionally ensure that the reduced model maintains a prespecified approximation quality not only for a reference individual but also for a diverse virtual population. We illustrate the extended approach for the warfarin effect on blood coagulation. Using the model-reduction approach, we derive a novel small-scale warfarin/international normalized ratio model and demonstrate its suitability for biomarker identification. Due to the systematic nature of the approach in comparison with empirical model building, the proposed model-reduction algorithm provides an improved rationale to build PD models also from QSP models in other applications.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12903
SN - 2163-8306
VL - 12
IS - 4
SP - 432
EP - 443
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Datta, Suparno
A1 - Sachs, Jan Philipp
A1 - Freitas da Cruz, Harry
A1 - Martensen, Tom
A1 - Bode, Philipp
A1 - Morassi Sasso, Ariane
A1 - Glicksberg, Benjamin S.
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
T1 - FIBER
BT - enabling flexible retrieval of electronic health records data for clinical predictive modeling
JF - JAMIA open
N2 - Objectives:
The development of clinical predictive models hinges upon the availability of comprehensive clinical data. Tapping into such resources requires considerable effort from clinicians, data scientists, and engineers. Specifically, these efforts are focused on data extraction and preprocessing steps required prior to modeling, including complex database queries. A handful of software libraries exist that can reduce this complexity by building upon data standards. However, a gap remains concerning electronic health records (EHRs) stored in star schema clinical data warehouses, an approach often adopted in practice. In this article, we introduce the FlexIBle EHR Retrieval (FIBER) tool: a Python library built on top of a star schema (i2b2) clinical data warehouse that enables flexible generation of modeling-ready cohorts as data frames.
Materials and Methods:
FIBER was developed on top of a large-scale star schema EHR database which contains data from 8 million patients and over 120 million encounters. To illustrate FIBER's capabilities, we present its application by building a heart surgery patient cohort with subsequent prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI) with various machine learning models.
Results:
Using FIBER, we were able to build the heart surgery cohort (n = 12 061), identify the patients that developed AKI (n = 1005), and automatically extract relevant features (n = 774). Finally, we trained machine learning models that achieved area under the curve values of up to 0.77 for this exemplary use case.
Conclusion:
FIBER is an open-source Python library developed for extracting information from star schema clinical data warehouses and reduces time-to-modeling, helping to streamline the clinical modeling process.
KW - databases
KW - factual
KW - electronic health records
KW - information storage and
KW - retrieval
KW - workflow
KW - software/instrumentation
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooab048
SN - 2574-2531
VL - 4
IS - 3
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Cope, Justin L.
A1 - Baukmann, Hannes A.
A1 - Klinger, Jörn E.
A1 - Ravarani, Charles N. J.
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
A1 - Konigorski, Stefan
A1 - Schmidt, Marco F.
T1 - Interaction-based feature selection algorithm outperforms polygenic risk score in predicting Parkinson’s Disease status
JF - Frontiers in genetics
N2 - Polygenic risk scores (PRS) aggregating results from genome-wide association studies are the state of the art in the prediction of susceptibility to complex traits or diseases, yet their predictive performance is limited for various reasons, not least of which is their failure to incorporate the effects of gene-gene interactions. Novel machine learning algorithms that use large amounts of data promise to find gene-gene interactions in order to build models with better predictive performance than PRS. Here, we present a data preprocessing step by using data-mining of contextual information to reduce the number of features, enabling machine learning algorithms to identify gene-gene interactions. We applied our approach to the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) dataset, an observational clinical study of 471 genotyped subjects (368 cases and 152 controls). With an AUC of 0.85 (95% CI = [0.72; 0.96]), the interaction-based prediction model outperforms the PRS (AUC of 0.58 (95% CI = [0.42; 0.81])). Furthermore, feature importance analysis of the model provided insights into the mechanism of Parkinson's disease. For instance, the model revealed an interaction of previously described drug target candidate genes TMEM175 and GAPDHP25. These results demonstrate that interaction-based machine learning models can improve genetic prediction models and might provide an answer to the missing heritability problem.
KW - epistasis
KW - machine learning
KW - feature selection
KW - parkinson's disease
KW - PPMI (parkinson's progression markers initiative)
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.744557
SN - 1664-8021
VL - 12
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lewkowicz, Daniel
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
A1 - Siegel, Martin
T1 - Economic evaluation of digital therapeutic care apps for unsupervised treatment of low back pain
BT - Monte Carlo Simulation
JF - JMIR mhealth and uhealth
N2 - Background:
Digital therapeutic care (DTC) programs are unsupervised app-based treatments that provide video exercises and educational material to patients with nonspecific low back pain during episodes of pain and functional disability. German statutory health insurance can reimburse DTC programs since 2019, but evidence on efficacy and reasonable pricing remains scarce. This paper presents a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) to evaluate the efficacy and cost-utility of a DTC app against treatment as usual (TAU) in Germany.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to perform a PSA in the form of a Monte Carlo simulation based on the deterministic base case analysis to account for model assumptions and parameter uncertainty. We also intend to explore to what extent the results in this probabilistic analysis differ from the results in the base case analysis and to what extent a shortage of outcome data concerning quality-of-life (QoL) metrics impacts the overall results.
Methods:
The PSA builds upon a state-transition Markov chain with a 4-week cycle length over a model time horizon of 3 years from a recently published deterministic cost-utility analysis. A Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations and a cohort size of 10,000 was employed to evaluate the cost-utility from a societal perspective. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were derived from Veterans RAND 6-Dimension (VR-6D) and Short-Form 6-Dimension (SF-6D) single utility scores. Finally, we also simulated reducing the price for a 3-month app prescription to analyze at which price threshold DTC would result in being the dominant strategy over TAU in Germany.
Results:
The Monte Carlo simulation yielded on average a euro135.97 (a currency exchange rate of EUR euro1=US $1.069 is applicable) incremental cost and 0.004 incremental QALYs per person and year for the unsupervised DTC app strategy compared to in-person physiotherapy in Germany. The corresponding incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) amounts to an additional euro34,315.19 per additional QALY. DTC yielded more QALYs in 54.96% of the iterations. DTC dominates TAU in 24.04% of the iterations for QALYs. Reducing the app price in the simulation from currently euro239.96 to euro164.61 for a 3-month prescription could yield a negative ICUR and thus make DTC the dominant strategy, even though the estimated probability of DTC being more effective than TAU is only 54.96%.
Conclusions:
Decision-makers should be cautious when considering the reimbursement of DTC apps since no significant treatment effect was found, and the probability of cost-effectiveness remains below 60% even for an infinite willingness-to-pay threshold. More app-based studies involving the utilization of QoL outcome parameters are urgently needed to account for the low and limited precision of the available QoL input parameters, which are crucial to making profound recommendations concerning the cost-utility of novel apps.
KW - cost-utility analysis
KW - cost
KW - probabilistic sensitivity analysis
KW - Monte Carlo simulation
KW - low back pain
KW - pain
KW - economic
KW - cost-effectiveness
KW - Markov model
KW - digital therapy
KW - digital health app
KW - mHealth
KW - mobile health
KW - health app
KW - mobile app
KW - orthopedic
KW - QUALY
KW - DALY
KW - quality-adjusted life years
KW - disability-adjusted life years
KW - time horizon
KW - veteran
KW - statistics
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.2196/44585
SN - 2291-5222
VL - 11
PB - JMIR Publications
CY - Toronto
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Konigorski, Stefan
A1 - Wernicke, Sarah
A1 - Slosarek, Tamara
A1 - Zenner, Alexander M.
A1 - Strelow, Nils
A1 - Ruether, Darius F.
A1 - Henschel, Florian
A1 - Manaswini, Manisha
A1 - Pottbäcker, Fabian
A1 - Edelman, Jonathan A.
A1 - Owoyele, Babajide
A1 - Danieletto, Matteo
A1 - Golden, Eddye
A1 - Zweig, Micol
A1 - Nadkarni, Girish N.
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
T1 - StudyU: a platform for designing and conducting innovative digital N-of-1 trials
JF - Journal of medical internet research
N2 - N-of-1 trials are the gold standard study design to evaluate individual treatment effects and derive personalized treatment strategies. Digital tools have the potential to initiate a new era of N-of-1 trials in terms of scale and scope, but fully functional platforms are not yet available.
Here, we present the open source StudyU platform, which includes the StudyU Designer and StudyU app.
With the StudyU Designer, scientists are given a collaborative web application to digitally specify, publish, and conduct N-of-1 trials.
The StudyU app is a smartphone app with innovative user-centric elements for participants to partake in trials published through the StudyU Designer to assess the effects of different interventions on their health.
Thereby, the StudyU platform allows clinicians and researchers worldwide to easily design and conduct digital N-of-1 trials in a safe manner.
We envision that StudyU can change the landscape of personalized treatments both for patients and healthy individuals, democratize and personalize evidence generation for self-optimization and medicine, and can be integrated in clinical practice.
KW - digital interventions
KW - N-of-1 trial
KW - SCED
KW - single-case experimental design
KW - web application
KW - mobile application
KW - app
KW - digital health
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.2196/35884
SN - 1439-4456
SN - 1438-8871
VL - 24
IS - 7
PB - Healthcare World
CY - Richmond, Va.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Woutersen, Amber
A1 - Jardine, Phillip E.
A1 - Giovanni Bogota-Angel, Raul
A1 - Zhang, Hong-Xiang
A1 - Silvestro, Daniele
A1 - Antonelli, Alexandre
A1 - Gogna, Elena
A1 - Erkens, Roy H. J.
A1 - Gosling, William D.
A1 - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume
A1 - Hoorn, Carina
T1 - A novel approach to study the morphology and chemistry of pollen in a phylogenetic context, applied to the halophytic taxon Nitraria L.(Nitrariaceae)
JF - PeerJ
N2 - Nitraria is a halophytic taxon (i.e., adapted to saline environments) that belongs to the plant family Nitrariaceae and is distributed from the Mediterranean, across Asia into the south-eastern tip of Australia. This taxon is thought to have originated in Asia during the Paleogene (66-23 Ma), alongside the proto-Paratethys epicontinental sea. The evolutionary history of Nitraria might hold important clues on the links between climatic and biotic evolution but limited taxonomic documentation of this taxon has thus far hindered this line of research. Here we investigate if the pollen morphology and the chemical composition of the pollen wall are informative of the evolutionary history of Nitraria and could explain if origination along the proto-Paratethys and dispersal to the Tibetan Plateau was simultaneous or a secondary process. To answer these questions, we applied a novel approach consisting of a combination of Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), to determine the chemical composition of the pollen wall, and pollen morphological analyses using Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). We analysed our data using ordinations (principal components analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling), and directly mapped it on the Nitrariaceae phylogeny to produce a phylomorphospace and a phylochemospace. Our LM, SEM and FTIR analyses show clear morphological and chemical differences between the sister groups Peganum and Nitraria. Differences in the morphological and chemical characteristics of highland species (Nitraria schoberi, N. sphaerocarpa, N. sibirica and N. tangutorum) and lowland species (Nitraria billardierei and N. retusa) are very subtle, with phylogenetic history appearing to be a more important control on Nitraria pollen than local environmental conditions. Our approach shows a compelling consistency between the chemical and morphological characteristics of the eight studied Nitrariaceae species, and these traits are in agreement with the phylogenetic tree. Taken together, this demonstrates how novel methods for studying fossil pollen can facilitate the evolutionary investigation of living and extinct taxa, and the environments they represent.
KW - FTIR
KW - LM
KW - SEM
KW - Paratethys
KW - Tibet
KW - Sporopollenin
KW - Mediterranean
KW - Steppe-desert
KW - Australia
KW - Palynology
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5055
SN - 2167-8359
VL - 6
PB - PeerJ Inc.
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vaid, Akhil
A1 - Somani, Sulaiman
A1 - Russak, Adam J.
A1 - De Freitas, Jessica K.
A1 - Chaudhry, Fayzan F.
A1 - Paranjpe, Ishan
A1 - Johnson, Kipp W.
A1 - Lee, Samuel J.
A1 - Miotto, Riccardo
A1 - Richter, Felix
A1 - Zhao, Shan
A1 - Beckmann, Noam D.
A1 - Naik, Nidhi
A1 - Kia, Arash
A1 - Timsina, Prem
A1 - Lala, Anuradha
A1 - Paranjpe, Manish
A1 - Golden, Eddye
A1 - Danieletto, Matteo
A1 - Singh, Manbir
A1 - Meyer, Dara
A1 - O'Reilly, Paul F.
A1 - Huckins, Laura
A1 - Kovatch, Patricia
A1 - Finkelstein, Joseph
A1 - Freeman, Robert M.
A1 - Argulian, Edgar
A1 - Kasarskis, Andrew
A1 - Percha, Bethany
A1 - Aberg, Judith A.
A1 - Bagiella, Emilia
A1 - Horowitz, Carol R.
A1 - Murphy, Barbara
A1 - Nestler, Eric J.
A1 - Schadt, Eric E.
A1 - Cho, Judy H.
A1 - Cordon-Cardo, Carlos
A1 - Fuster, Valentin
A1 - Charney, Dennis S.
A1 - Reich, David L.
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
A1 - Levin, Matthew A.
A1 - Narula, Jagat
A1 - Fayad, Zahi A.
A1 - Just, Allan C.
A1 - Charney, Alexander W.
A1 - Nadkarni, Girish N.
A1 - Glicksberg, Benjamin S.
T1 - Machine learning to predict mortality and critical events in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in New York City: model development and validation
JF - Journal of medical internet research : international scientific journal for medical research, information and communication on the internet ; JMIR
N2 - Background:
COVID-19 has infected millions of people worldwide and is responsible for several hundred thousand fatalities. The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated thoughtful resource allocation and early identification of high-risk patients. However, effective methods to meet these needs are lacking.
Objective:
The aims of this study were to analyze the electronic health records (EHRs) of patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and were admitted to hospitals in the Mount Sinai Health System in New York City; to develop machine learning models for making predictions about the hospital course of the patients over clinically meaningful time horizons based on patient characteristics at admission; and to assess the performance of these models at multiple hospitals and time points.
Methods:
We used Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and baseline comparator models to predict in-hospital mortality and critical events at time windows of 3, 5, 7, and 10 days from admission. Our study population included harmonized EHR data from five hospitals in New York City for 4098 COVID-19-positive patients admitted from March 15 to May 22, 2020. The models were first trained on patients from a single hospital (n=1514) before or on May 1, externally validated on patients from four other hospitals (n=2201) before or on May 1, and prospectively validated on all patients after May 1 (n=383). Finally, we established model interpretability to identify and rank variables that drive model predictions.
Results:
Upon cross-validation, the XGBoost classifier outperformed baseline models, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) for mortality of 0.89 at 3 days, 0.85 at 5 and 7 days, and 0.84 at 10 days. XGBoost also performed well for critical event prediction, with an AUC-ROC of 0.80 at 3 days, 0.79 at 5 days, 0.80 at 7 days, and 0.81 at 10 days. In external validation, XGBoost achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.88 at 3 days, 0.86 at 5 days, 0.86 at 7 days, and 0.84 at 10 days for mortality prediction. Similarly, the unimputed XGBoost model achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.78 at 3 days, 0.79 at 5 days, 0.80 at 7 days, and 0.81 at 10 days. Trends in performance on prospective validation sets were similar. At 7 days, acute kidney injury on admission, elevated LDH, tachypnea, and hyperglycemia were the strongest drivers of critical event prediction, while higher age, anion gap, and C-reactive protein were the strongest drivers of mortality prediction.
Conclusions:
We externally and prospectively trained and validated machine learning models for mortality and critical events for patients with COVID-19 at different time horizons. These models identified at-risk patients and uncovered underlying relationships that predicted outcomes.
KW - machine learning
KW - COVID-19
KW - electronic health record
KW - TRIPOD
KW - clinical
KW - informatics
KW - prediction
KW - mortality
KW - EHR
KW - cohort
KW - hospital
KW - performance
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.2196/24018
SN - 1439-4456
SN - 1438-8871
VL - 22
IS - 11
PB - Healthcare World
CY - Richmond, Va.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Döll, Stefanie
A1 - Djalali Farahani-Kofoet, Roxana
A1 - Zrenner, Rita
A1 - Henze, Andrea
A1 - Witzel, Katja
T1 - Tissue-specific signatures of metabolites and proteins in asparagus roots and exudates
JF - Horticulture research
N2 - Comprehensive untargeted and targeted analysis of root exudate composition has advanced our understanding of rhizosphere processes. However, little is known about exudate spatial distribution and regulation. We studied the specific metabolite signatures of asparagus root exudates, root outer (epidermis and exodermis), and root inner tissues (cortex and vasculature). The greatest differences were found between exudates and root tissues. In total, 263 non-redundant metabolites were identified as significantly differentially abundant between the three root fractions, with the majority being enriched in the root exudate and/or outer tissue and annotated as 'lipids and lipid-like molecules' or 'phenylpropanoids and polyketides'. Spatial distribution was verified for three selected compounds using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry imaging. Tissue-specific proteome analysis related root tissue-specific metabolite distributions and rhizodeposition with underlying biosynthetic pathways and transport mechanisms. The proteomes of root outer and inner tissues were spatially very distinct, in agreement with the fundamental differences between their functions and structures. According to KEGG pathway analysis, the outer tissue proteome was characterized by a high abundance of proteins related to 'lipid metabolism', 'biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites' and 'transport and catabolism', reflecting its main functions of providing a hydrophobic barrier, secreting secondary metabolites, and mediating water and nutrient uptake. Proteins more abundant in the inner tissue related to 'transcription', 'translation' and 'folding, sorting and degradation', in accord with the high activity of cortical and vasculature cell layers in growth- and development-related processes. In summary, asparagus root fractions accumulate specific metabolites. This expands our knowledge of tissue-specific plant cell function.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00510-5
SN - 2052-7276
SN - 2662-6810
VL - 8
IS - 1
PB - Nanjing Agricultural Univ.
CY - Nanjing
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Toumoulin, Agathe
A1 - Tardif-Becquet, Delphine
A1 - Donnadieu, Yannick
A1 - Licht, Alexis
A1 - Ladant, Jean-Baptiste
A1 - Kunzmann, Lutz
A1 - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume
T1 - Evolution of continental temperature seasonality from the Eocene greenhouse to the Oligocene icehouse
BT - a model-data comparison
JF - Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2 - At the junction of greenhouse and icehouse climate states, the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT) is a key moment in Cenozoic climate history. While it is associated with severe extinctions and biodiversity turnovers on land, the role of terrestrial climate evolution remains poorly resolved, especially the associated changes in seasonality. Some paleobotanical and geochemical continental records in parts of the Northern Hemisphere suggest the EOT is associated with a marked cooling in winter, leading to the development of more pronounced seasons (i.e., an increase in the mean annual range of temperature, MATR). However, the MATR increase has been barely studied by climate models and large uncertainties remain on its origin, geographical extent and impact. In order to better understand and describe temperature seasonality changes between the middle Eocene and the early Oligocene, we use the Earth system model IPSL-CM5A2 and a set of simulations reconstructing the EOT through three major climate forcings: pCO(2) decrease (1120, 840 and 560 ppm), the Antarctic ice-sheet (AIS) formation and the associated sea-level decrease. Our simulations suggest that pCO(2) lowering alone is not sufficient to explain the seasonality evolution described by the data through the EOT but rather that the combined effects of pCO(2) , AIS formation and increased continentality provide the best data-model agreement.pCO(2) decrease induces a zonal pattern with alternating increasing and decreasing seasonality bands particularly strong in the northern high latitudes (up to 8 degrees C MATR increase) due to sea-ice and surface albedo feedback. Conversely, the onset of the AIS is responsible for a more constant surface albedo yearly, which leads to a strong decrease in seasonality in the southern midlatitudes to high latitudes (> 40 degrees S). Finally, continental areas that emerged due to the sea-level lowering cause the largest increase in seasonality and explain most of the global heterogeneity in MATR changes (1MATR) patterns. The Delta MATR patterns we reconstruct are generally consistent with the variability of the EOT biotic crisis intensity across the Northern Hemisphere and provide insights on their underlying mechanisms.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-341-2022
SN - 1814-9324
SN - 1814-9332
VL - 18
IS - 2
SP - 341
EP - 362
PB - Copernicus
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - König, Johanna
A1 - Block, Andrea
A1 - Becker, Mathias
A1 - Fenske, Kristin
A1 - Hertel, Johannes
A1 - Van der Auwera, Sandra
A1 - Zymara, Kathleen
A1 - Voelzke, Henry
A1 - Freyberger, Harald Jürgen
A1 - Grabe, Hans Joergen
T1 - Assessment of subjective emotional valence and long-lasting impact of life events
BT - development and psychometrics of the Stralsund Life Event List (SEL)
JF - BMC Psychiatry
N2 - Background: Life events (LEs) are associated with future physical and mental health. They are crucial for understanding the pathways to mental disorders as well as the interactions with biological parameters. However, deeper insight is needed into the complex interplay between the type of LE, its subjective evaluation and accompanying factors such as social support. The "Stralsund Life Event List" (SEL) was developed to facilitate this research.
Methods: The SEL is a standardized interview that assesses the time of occurrence and frequency of 81 LEs, their subjective emotional valence, the perceived social support during the LE experience and the impact of past LEs on present life. Data from 2265 subjects from the general population-based cohort study "Study of Health in Pomerania" (SHIP) were analysed. Based on the mean emotional valence ratings of the whole sample, LEs were categorized as "positive" or "negative". For verification, the SEL was related to lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD; Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview), childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), resilience (Resilience Scale) and subjective health (SF-12 Health Survey).
Conclusions: The SEL is a valid instrument that enables the analysis of the number and frequency of LEs, their emotional valence, perceived social support and current impact on life on a global score and on an individual item level. Thus, we can recommend its use in research settings that require the assessment and analysis of the relationship between the occurrence and subjective evaluation of LEs as well as the complex balance between distressing and stabilizing life experiences.
KW - Positive life events
KW - Negative life events
KW - General population
KW - Emotional valence
KW - Depressive disorder
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1649-3
SN - 1471-244X
VL - 18
PB - BioMed Central
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Herrmann, Matthias L.
A1 - Boden, Cindy
A1 - Maurer, Christoph
A1 - Kentischer, Felix
A1 - Mennig, Eva
A1 - Wagner, Sören
A1 - Conzelmann, Lars O.
A1 - Förstner, Bernd R.
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - von Arnim, Christine A. F.
A1 - Denkinger, Michael
A1 - Eschweiler, Gerhard W.
A1 - Thomas, Christine
T1 - Anticholinergic drug exposure increases the risk of delirium in older patients undergoing elective surgery
JF - Frontiers in medicine
N2 - IntroductionPostoperative delirium (POD) is a common and serious adverse event of surgery in older people. Because of its great impact on patients' safety and quality of life, identification of modifiable risk factors could be useful. Although preoperative medication intake is assumed to be an important modifiable risk factor, the impact of anticholinergic drugs on the occurrence of POD seems underestimated in elective surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative anticholinergic burden and POD. We hypothesized that a high preoperative anticholinergic burden is an independent, potentially modifiable predisposing and precipitating factor of POD in older people. MethodsBetween November 2017 and April 2019, 1,470 patients of 70 years and older undergoing elective orthopedic, general, cardiac, or vascular surgery were recruited in the randomized, prospective, multicenter PAWEL trial. Anticholinergic burden of a sub-cohort of 899 patients, who did not receive a multimodal intervention for preventing POD, was assessed by two different tools at hospital admission: The established Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS) and the recently developed Anticholinergic Burden Score (ABS). POD was detected by confusion assessment method (CAM) and a validated post discharge medical record review. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between anticholinergic burden and POD. ResultsPOD was observed in 210 of 899 patients (23.4%). Both ARS and ABS were independently associated with POD. The association persisted after adjustment for relevant confounding factors such as age, sex, comorbidities, preoperative cognitive and physical status, number of prescribed drugs, surgery time, type of surgery and anesthesia, usage of heart-lung-machine, and treatment in intensive care unit. If a patient was taking one of the 56 drugs listed in the ABS, risk for POD was 2.7-fold higher (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.55-4.94) and 1.5-fold higher per additional point on the ARS (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.15-2.02). ConclusionPreoperative anticholinergic drug exposure measured by ARS or ABS was independently associated with POD in older patients undergoing elective surgery. Therefore, identification, discontinuation or substitution of anticholinergic medication prior to surgery may be a promising approach to reduce the risk of POD in older patients.
KW - delirium
KW - acute encephalopathy
KW - surgery
KW - anticholinergic
KW - geriatric
KW - postoperative
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.871229
SN - 2296-858X
VL - 9
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jara-Muñoz, Julius
A1 - Melnick, Daniel
A1 - Li, Shaoyang
A1 - Socquet, Anne
A1 - Cortés-Aranda, Joaquín
A1 - Brill, Dominik
A1 - Strecker, Manfred R.
T1 - The cryptic seismic potential of the Pichilemu blind fault in Chile revealed by off-fault geomorphology
JF - Nature communications
N2 - The first step towards assessing hazards in seismically active regions involves mapping capable faults and estimating their recurrence times. While the mapping of active faults is commonly based on distinct geologic and geomorphic features evident at the surface, mapping blind seismogenic faults is complicated by the absence of on-fault diagnostic features. Here we investigated the Pichilemu Fault in coastal Chile, unknown until it generated a Mw 7.0 earthquake in 2010. The lack of evident surface faulting suggests activity along a partly-hidden blind fault. We used off-fault deformed marine terraces to estimate a fault-slip rate of 0.52 +/- 0.04 m/ka, which, when integrated with satellite geodesy suggests a 2.12 +/- 0.2 ka recurrence time for Mw similar to 7.0 normal-faulting earthquakes. We propose that extension in the Pichilemu region is associated with stress changes during megathrust earthquakes and accommodated by sporadic slip during upper-plate earthquakes, which has implications for assessing the seismic potential of cryptic faults along convergent margins and elsewhere.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30754-1
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 13
IS - 1
PB - Nature Research
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Haugk, Charlotte
A1 - Jongejans, Loeka L.
A1 - Mangelsdorf, Kai
A1 - Fuchs, Matthias
A1 - Ogneva, Olga
A1 - Palmtag, Juri
A1 - Mollenhauer, Gesine
A1 - Mann, Paul J.
A1 - Overduin, P. Paul
A1 - Grosse, Guido
A1 - Sanders, Tina
A1 - Tuerena, Robyn E.
A1 - Schirrmeister, Lutz
A1 - Wetterich, Sebastian
A1 - Kizyakov, Alexander
A1 - Karger, Cornelia
A1 - Strauss, Jens
T1 - Organic matter characteristics of a rapidly eroding permafrost cliff in NE Siberia (Lena Delta, Laptev Sea region)
JF - Biogeosciences
N2 - Organic carbon (OC) stored in Arctic permafrost represents one of Earth's largest and most vulnerable terrestrial carbon pools. Amplified climate warming across the Arctic results in widespread permafrost thaw. Permafrost deposits exposed at river cliffs and coasts are particularly susceptible to thawing processes. Accelerating erosion of terrestrial permafrost along shorelines leads to increased transfer of organic matter (OM) to nearshore waters. However, the amount of terrestrial permafrost carbon and nitrogen as well as the OM quality in these deposits is still poorly quantified. We define the OM quality as the intrinsic potential for further transformation, decomposition and mineralisation. Here, we characterise the sources and the quality of OM supplied to the Lena River at a rapidly eroding permafrost river shoreline cliff in the eastern part of the delta (Sobo-Sise Island). Our multi-proxy approach captures bulk elemental, molecu- lar geochemical and carbon isotopic analyses of Late Pleistocene Yedoma permafrost and Holocene cover deposits, discontinuously spanning the last similar to 52 kyr. We showed that the ancient permafrost exposed in the Sobo-Sise cliff has a high organic carbon content (mean of about 5 wt %). The oldest sediments stem from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 interstadial deposits (dated to 52 to 28 cal ka BP) and are overlaid by last glacial MIS 2 (dated to 28 to 15 cal ka BP) and Holocene MIS 1 (dated to 7-0 cal ka BP) deposits. The relatively high average chain length (ACL) index of n-alkanes along the cliff profile indicates a predominant contribution of vascular plants to the OM composition. The elevated ratio of isoand anteiso-branched fatty acids (FAs) relative to mid- and long-chain (C >= 20) n-FAs in the interstadial MIS 3 and the interglacial MIS 1 deposits suggests stronger microbial activity and consequently higher input of bacterial biomass during these climatically warmer periods. The overall high carbon preference index (CPI) and higher plant fatty acid (HPFA) values as well as high C/N ratios point to a good quality of the preserved OM and thus to a high potential of the OM for decomposition upon thaw. A decrease in HPFA values downwards along the profile probably indicates stronger OM decomposition in the oldest (MIS 3) deposits of the cliff. The characterisation of OM from eroding permafrost leads to a better assessment of the greenhouse gas potential of the OC released into river and nearshore waters in the future.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022
SN - 1726-4170
SN - 1726-4189
VL - 19
IS - 7
SP - 2079
EP - 2094
PB - Copernicus
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Voglimacci-Stephanopoli, Joëlle
A1 - Wendleder, Anna
A1 - Lantuit, Hugues
A1 - Langlois, Alexandre
A1 - Stettner, Samuel
A1 - Schmitt, Andreas
A1 - Dedieu, Jean-Pierre
A1 - Roth, Achim
A1 - Royer, Alain
T1 - Potential of X-band polarimetric synthetic aperture radar co-polar phase difference for arctic snow depth estimation
JF - Cryosphere
N2 - Changes in snowpack associated with climatic warming has drastic impacts on surface energy balance in the cryosphere. Yet, traditional monitoring techniques, such as punctual measurements in the field, do not cover the full snowpack spatial and temporal variability, which hampers efforts to upscale measurements to the global scale. This variability is one of the primary constraints in model development. In terms of spatial resolution, active microwaves (synthetic aperture radar - SAR) can address the issue and outperform methods based on passive microwaves. Thus, high-spatial-resolution monitoring of snow depth (SD) would allow for better parameterization of local processes that drive the spatial variability of snow. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of the TerraSAR-X (TSX) SAR sensor and the wave co-polar phase difference (CPD) method for characterizing snow cover at high spatial resolution. Consequently, we first (1) investigate SD and depth hoar fraction (DHF) variability between different vegetation classes in the Ice Creek catchment (Qikiqtaruk/Herschel Island, Yukon, Canada) using in situ measurements collected over the course of a field campaign in 2019; (2) evaluate linkages between snow characteristics and CPD distribution over the 2019 dataset; and (3) determine CPD seasonality considering meteorological data over the 2015-2019 period. SD could be extracted using the CPD when certain conditions are met. A high incidence angle (>30 circle) with a high topographic wetness index (TWI) (>7.0) showed correlation between SD and CPD (R2 up to 0.72). Further, future work should address a threshold of sensitivity to TWI and incidence angle to map snow depth in such environments and assess the potential of using interpolation tools to fill in gaps in SD information on drier vegetation types.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2163-2022
SN - 1994-0416
SN - 1994-0424
VL - 16
IS - 6
SP - 2163
EP - 2181
PB - Copernicus
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Agthe, Maria
A1 - Kayser, Daniela Niesta
A1 - Schwarz, Sascha
A1 - Maner, Jon K.
T1 - Antecedents of the red-romance effect
BT - men's attractiveness and women's fertility
JF - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science
N2 - The color red has been implicated in a variety of social processes, including those involving mating. While previous research suggests that women sometimes wear red strategically to increase their attractiveness, the replicability of this literature has been questioned. The current research is a reasonably powered conceptual replication designed to strengthen this literature by testing whether women are more inclined to display the color red 1) during fertile (as compared with less fertile) days of the menstrual cycle, and 2) when expecting to interact with an attractive man (as compared with a less attractive man and with a control condition). Analyses controlled for a number of theoretically relevant covariates (relationship status, age, the current weather). Only the latter hypothesis received mixed support (mainly among women on hormonal birth control), whereas results concerning the former hypothesis did not reach significance. Women (N = 281) displayed more red when expecting to interact with an attractive man; findings did not support the prediction that women would increase their display of red on fertile days of the cycle. Findings thus suggested only mixed replicability for the link between the color red and psychological processes involving romantic attraction. They also illustrate the importance of further investigating the boundary conditions of color effects on everyday social processes.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284035
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 18
IS - 4
PB - PLOS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schmicker, Marlen
A1 - Frühling, Insa
A1 - Menze, Inga
A1 - Glanz, Wenzel
A1 - Müller, Patrick
A1 - Noesselt, Toemme
A1 - Müller, Notger Germar
T1 - The potential role of gustatory function as an early diagnostic marker for the risk of alzheimer's disease in subjective cognitive decline
JF - Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports : JADR
N2 - Background: Patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) report memory deterioration and are at an increased risk of converting to Alzheimer's disease (AD) although psychophysical testing does not reveal any cognitive deficit.
Objective: Here, gustatory function is investigated as a potential predictor for an increased risk of progressive cognitive decline indicating higher AD risk in SCD.
Methods: Measures of smell and taste perception as well as neuropsychological data were assessed in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD): Subgroups with an increased likelihood of the progression to preclinical AD (SCD+) and those with a lower likelihood (SCD-) were compared to healthy controls (HC), patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD patients. The Sniffin' Sticks test contained 12 items with different qualities and taste was measured with 32 taste stripes (sweet, salty, bitter, sour) of different concentration.
Results: Only taste was able to distinguish between HC/SCD- and SCD+ patients.
Conclusion: This study provides a first hint of taste as a more sensitive marker than smell for detecting preclinical AD in SCD. Longitudinal observation of cognition and pathology are necessary to further evaluate taste perception as a predictor of pathological objective decline in cognition.
KW - Alzheimer's disease
KW - dementia
KW - diagnostic marker
KW - early diagnosis
KW - subjective cognitive decline
KW - taste
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/ADR220092
SN - 2542-4823
VL - 7
IS - 1
SP - 249
EP - 262
PB - IOS Press
CY - Clifton, VA
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Xiong, Yingquan
A1 - Delic, Denis
A1 - Zeng, Shufei
A1 - Chen, Xin
A1 - Chu, Chang
A1 - Hasan, Ahmed A.
A1 - Krämer, Bernhard K.
A1 - Klein, Thomas
A1 - Yin, Lianghong
A1 - Hocher, Berthold
T1 - Regulation of SARS CoV-2 host factors in the kidney and heart in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy-effects of salt, ARB, DPP4 inhibitor and SGLT2 blocker
JF - BMC nephrology
N2 - Background Host factors such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the transmembrane protease, serine-subtype-2 (TMPRSS2) are important factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical and pre-clinical studies demonstrated that RAAS-blocking agents can be safely used during a SARS-CoV-2 infection but it is unknown if DPP-4 inhibitors or SGLT2-blockers may promote COVID-19 by increasing the host viral entry enzymes ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Methods We investigated telmisartan, linagliptin and empagliflozin induced effects on renal and cardiac expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and key enzymes involved in RAAS (REN, AGTR2, AGT) under high-salt conditions in a non-diabetic experimental 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) model. In the present study, the gene expression of Ace2, Tmprss2, Ren, Agtr2 and Agt was assessed with qRT-PCR and the protein expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 with immunohistochemistry in the following experimental groups: Sham + normal diet (ND) + placebo (PBO); 5/6Nx + ND + PBO; 5/6Nx + high salt-diet (HSD) + PBO; 5/6Nx + HSD + telmisartan; 5/6Nx + HSD + linagliptin; 5/6Nx + HSD + empagliflozin. Results In the kidney, the expression of Ace2 was not altered on mRNA level under disease and treatment conditions. The renal TMPRSS2 levels (mRNA and protein) were not affected, whereas the cardiac level was significantly increased in 5/6Nx rats. Intriguingly, the elevated TMPRSS2 protein expression in the heart was significantly normalized after treatment with telmisartan, linagliptin and empagliflozin. Conclusions Our study indicated that there is no upregulation regarding host factors potentially promoting SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into host cells when the SGLT2-blocker empagliflozin, telmisartan and the DPP4-inhibitor blocker linagliptin are used. The results obtained in a preclinical, experimental non-diabetic kidney failure model need confirmation in ongoing interventional clinical trials.
KW - SARS CoV-2 host factors
KW - 5/6 nephrectomy
KW - High-salt diet
KW - ARB
KW - DPP4 inhibitor
KW - SGLT2 blocker
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-022-02747-1
SN - 1471-2369
VL - 23
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heistermann, Maik
A1 - Francke, Till
A1 - Scheiffele, Lena
A1 - Petrova, Katya Dimitrova
A1 - Budach, Christian
A1 - Schrön, Martin
A1 - Trost, Benjamin
A1 - Rasche, Daniel
A1 - Güntner, Andreas
A1 - Doepper, Veronika
A1 - Förster, Michael
A1 - Köhli, Markus
A1 - Angermann, Lisa
A1 - Antonoglou, Nikolaos
A1 - Zude, Manuela
A1 - Oswald, Sascha
T1 - Three years of soil moisture observations by a dense cosmic-ray neutron sensing cluster at an agricultural research site in north-east Germany
JF - Earth system science data : ESSD
N2 - Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) allows for the estimation of root-zone soil water content (SWC) at the scale of several hectares. In this paper, we present the data recorded by a dense CRNS network operated from 2019 to 2022 at an agricultural research site in Marquardt, Germany - the first multi-year CRNS cluster. Consisting, at its core, of eight permanently installed CRNS sensors, the cluster was supplemented by a wealth of complementary measurements: data from seven additional temporary CRNS sensors, partly co-located with the permanent ones; 27 SWC profiles (mostly permanent); two groundwater observation wells; meteorological records; and Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (GNSS-R). Complementary to these continuous measurements, numerous campaign-based activities provided data by mobile CRNS roving, hyperspectral im-agery via UASs, intensive manual sampling of soil properties (SWC, bulk density, organic matter, texture, soil hydraulic properties), and observations of biomass and snow (cover, depth, and density). The unique temporal coverage of 3 years entails a broad spectrum of hydro-meteorological conditions, including exceptional drought periods and extreme rainfall but also episodes of snow coverage, as well as a dedicated irrigation experiment. Apart from serving to advance CRNS-related retrieval methods, this data set is expected to be useful for vari-ous disciplines, for example, soil and groundwater hydrology, agriculture, or remote sensing. Hence, we show exemplary features of the data set in order to highlight the potential for such subsequent studies. The data are available at doi.org/10.23728/b2share.551095325d74431881185fba1eb09c95 (Heistermann et al., 2022b).
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3243-2023
SN - 1866-3508
SN - 1866-3516
VL - 15
IS - 7
SP - 3243
EP - 3262
PB - Copernics Publications
CY - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Shams, Boshra
A1 - Wang, Ziqian
A1 - Roine, Timo
A1 - Aydogan, Dogu Baran
A1 - Vajkoczy, Peter
A1 - Lippert, Christoph
A1 - Picht, Thomas
A1 - Fekonja, Lucius Samo
T1 - Machine learning-based prediction of motor status in glioma patients using diffusion MRI metrics along the corticospinal tract
JF - Brain communications
N2 - Shams et al. report that glioma patients' motor status is predicted accurately by diffusion MRI metrics along the corticospinal tract based on support vector machine method, reaching an overall accuracy of 77%. They show that these metrics are more effective than demographic and clinical variables.
Along tract statistics enables white matter characterization using various diffusion MRI metrics. These diffusion models reveal detailed insights into white matter microstructural changes with development, pathology and function. Here, we aim at assessing the clinical utility of diffusion MRI metrics along the corticospinal tract, investigating whether motor glioma patients can be classified with respect to their motor status. We retrospectively included 116 brain tumour patients suffering from either left or right supratentorial, unilateral World Health Organization Grades II, III and IV gliomas with a mean age of 53.51 +/- 16.32 years. Around 37% of patients presented with preoperative motor function deficits according to the Medical Research Council scale. At group level comparison, the highest non-overlapping diffusion MRI differences were detected in the superior portion of the tracts' profiles. Fractional anisotropy and fibre density decrease, apparent diffusion coefficient axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity increase. To predict motor deficits, we developed a method based on a support vector machine using histogram-based features of diffusion MRI tract profiles (e.g. mean, standard deviation, kurtosis and skewness), following a recursive feature elimination method. Our model achieved high performance (74% sensitivity, 75% specificity, 74% overall accuracy and 77% area under the curve). We found that apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity contributed more than other features to the model. Incorporating the patient demographics and clinical features such as age, tumour World Health Organization grade, tumour location, gender and resting motor threshold did not affect the model's performance, revealing that these features were not as effective as microstructural measures. These results shed light on the potential patterns of tumour-related microstructural white matter changes in the prediction of functional deficits.
KW - machine learning
KW - support vector machine
KW - tractography
KW - diffusion MRI;
KW - corticospinal tract
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcac141
SN - 2632-1297
VL - 4
IS - 3
PB - Oxford University Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - de Carvalho Souza, Alyson Matheus
A1 - Barrocas, Roberta
A1 - Fischer, Martin H.
A1 - Arnaud, Emanuel
A1 - Moeller, Korbinian
A1 - Rennó-Costa, César
T1 - Combining virtual reality and tactile stimulation to investigate embodied finger-based numerical representations
JF - Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation
N2 - Finger-based representation of numbers is a high-level cognitive strategy to assist numerical and arithmetic processing in children and adults. It is unclear whether this paradigm builds on simple perceptual features or comprises several attributes through embodiment. Here we describe the development and initial testing of an experimental setup to study embodiment during a finger-based numerical task using Virtual Reality (VR) and a low-cost tactile stimulator that is easy to build. Using VR allows us to create new ways to study finger-based numerical representation using a virtual hand that can be manipulated in ways our hand cannot, such as decoupling tactile and visual stimuli. The goal is to present a new methodology that can allow researchers to study embodiment through this new approach, maybe shedding new light on the cognitive strategy behind the finger-based representation of numbers. In this case, a critical methodological requirement is delivering precisely targeted sensory stimuli to specific effectors while simultaneously recording their behavior and engaging the participant in a simulated experience. We tested the device's capability by stimulating users in different experimental configurations. Results indicate that our device delivers reliable tactile stimulation to all fingers of a participant's hand without losing motion tracking quality during an ongoing task. This is reflected by an accuracy of over 95% in participants detecting stimulation of a single finger or multiple fingers in sequential stimulation as indicated by experiments with sixteen participants. We discuss possible application scenarios, explain how to apply our methodology to study the embodiment of finger-based numerical representations and other high-level cognitive functions, and discuss potential further developments of the device based on the data obtained in our testing.
KW - virtual reality
KW - numerical cognition
KW - finger counting
KW - embodied cognition
KW - cognitive science
KW - virtual environment
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1119561
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 14
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Stübler, Sabine
A1 - Kloft, Charlotte
A1 - Huisinga, Wilhelm
T1 - Cell-level systems biology model to study inflammatory bowel diseases and their treatment options
JF - CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology
N2 - To help understand the complex and therapeutically challenging inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), we developed a systems biology model of the intestinal immune system that is able to describe main aspects of IBD and different treatment modalities thereof. The model, including key cell types and processes of the mucosal immune response, compiles a large amount of isolated experimental findings from literature into a larger context and allows for simulations of different inflammation scenarios based on the underlying data and assumptions. In the context of a large and diverse virtual IBD population, we characterized the patients based on their phenotype (in contrast to healthy individuals, they developed persistent inflammation after a trigger event) rather than on a priori assumptions on parameter differences to a healthy individual. This allowed to reproduce the enormous diversity of predispositions known to lead to IBD. Analyzing different treatment effects, the model provides insight into characteristics of individual drug therapy. We illustrate for anti-TNF-alpha therapy, how the model can be used (i) to decide for alternative treatments with best prospects in the case of nonresponse, and (ii) to identify promising combination therapies with other available treatment options.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12932
SN - 2163-8306
VL - 12
IS - 5
SP - 690
EP - 705
PB - Nature Publ. Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kaya, Mustafa Yücel
A1 - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume
A1 - Frieling, Joost
A1 - Fioroni, Chiara
A1 - Rohrmann, Alexander
A1 - Altıner, Sevinç Özkan
A1 - Vardar, Ezgi
A1 - Tanyas, Hakan
A1 - Mamtimin, Mehmut
A1 - Zhaojie, Guo
T1 - The Eurasian epicontinental sea was an important carbon sink during the Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum
JF - Communications earth and environment
N2 - The Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (ca. 56 million years ago) offers a primary analogue for future global warming and carbon cycle recovery. Yet, where and how massive carbon emissions were mitigated during this climate warming event remains largely unknown. Here we show that organic carbon burial in the vast epicontinental seaways that extended over Eurasia provided a major carbon sink during the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. We coupled new and existing stratigraphic analyses to a detailed paleogeographic framework and using spatiotemporal interpolation calculated ca. 720–1300 Gt organic carbon excess burial, focused in the eastern parts of the Eurasian epicontinental seaways. A much larger amount (2160–3900 Gt C, and when accounting for the increase in inundated shelf area 7400–10300 Gt C) could have been sequestered in similar environments globally. With the disappearance of most epicontinental seas since the Oligocene-Miocene, an effective negative carbon cycle feedback also disappeared making the modern carbon cycle critically dependent on the slower silicate weathering feedback.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00451-4
SN - 2662-4435
VL - 3
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - van Soest, Heleen L.
A1 - Aleluia Reis, Lara
A1 - Baptista, Luiz Bernardo
A1 - Bertram, Christoph
A1 - Després, Jacques
A1 - Drouet, Laurent
A1 - den Elzen, Michel
A1 - Fragkos, Panagiotis
A1 - Fricko, Oliver
A1 - Fujimori, Shinichiro
A1 - Grant, Neil
A1 - Harmsen, Mathijs
A1 - Iyer, Gokul
A1 - Keramidas, Kimon
A1 - Köberle, Alexandre C.
A1 - Kriegler, Elmar
A1 - Malik, Aman
A1 - Mittal, Shivika
A1 - Oshiro, Ken
A1 - Riahi, Keywan
A1 - Roelfsema, Mark
A1 - van Ruijven, Bas
A1 - Schaeffer, Roberto
A1 - Silva Herran, Diego
A1 - Tavoni, Massimo
A1 - Ünlü, Gamze
A1 - Vandyck, Toon
A1 - van Vuuren, Detlef P.
T1 - Global roll-out of comprehensive policy measures may aid in bridging emissions gap
JF - Nature communications
N2 - Closing the emissions gap between Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the global emissions levels needed to achieve the Paris Agreement’s climate goals will require a comprehensive package of policy measures. National and sectoral policies can help fill the gap, but success stories in one country cannot be automatically replicated in other countries. They need to be adapted to the local context. Here, we develop a new Bridge scenario based on nationally relevant, short-term measures informed by interactions with country experts. These good practice policies are rolled out globally between now and 2030 and combined with carbon pricing thereafter. We implement this scenario with an ensemble of global integrated assessment models. We show that the Bridge scenario closes two-thirds of the emissions gap between NDC and 2 °C scenarios by 2030 and enables a pathway in line with the 2 °C goal when combined with the necessary long-term changes, i.e. more comprehensive pricing measures after 2030. The Bridge scenario leads to a scale-up of renewable energy (reaching 52%–88% of global electricity supply by 2050), electrification of end-uses, efficiency improvements in energy demand sectors, and enhanced afforestation and reforestation. Our analysis suggests that early action via good-practice policies is less costly than a delay in global climate cooperation.
KW - climate-change mitigation
KW - climate-change policy
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26595-z
VL - 12
IS - 1
PB - Nature Publishing Group UK
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ehrig, Lukas
A1 - Wagner, Ann-Christin
A1 - Wolter, Heike
A1 - Correll, Christoph U.
A1 - Geisel, Olga
A1 - Konigorski, Stefan
T1 - FASDetect as a machine learning-based screening app for FASD in youth with ADHD
JF - npj Digital Medicine
N2 - Fetal alcohol-spectrum disorder (FASD) is underdiagnosed and often misdiagnosed as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we develop a screening tool for FASD in youth with ADHD symptoms. To develop the prediction model, medical record data from a German University outpatient unit are assessed including 275 patients aged 0-19 years old with FASD with or without ADHD and 170 patients with ADHD without FASD aged 0-19 years old. We train 6 machine learning models based on 13 selected variables and evaluate their performance. Random forest models yield the best prediction models with a cross-validated AUC of 0.92 (95% confidence interval [0.84, 0.99]). Follow-up analyses indicate that a random forest model with 6 variables - body length and head circumference at birth, IQ, socially intrusive behaviour, poor memory and sleep disturbance - yields equivalent predictive accuracy. We implement the prediction model in a web-based app called FASDetect - a user-friendly, clinically scalable FASD risk calculator that is freely available at https://fasdetect.dhc-lab.hpi.de.
KW - Medical research
KW - Psychiatric disorders
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00864-1
SN - 2398-6352
VL - 6
IS - 1
PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited
CY - Basingstoke
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Slosarek, Tamara
A1 - Ibing, Susanne
A1 - Schormair, Barbara
A1 - Heyne, Henrike
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
A1 - Andlauer, Till
A1 - Schurmann, Claudia
T1 - Implementation and evaluation of personal genetic testing as part of genomics analysis courses in German universities
JF - BMC Medical Genomics
N2 - Purpose
Due to the increasing application of genome analysis and interpretation in medical disciplines, professionals require adequate education. Here, we present the implementation of personal genotyping as an educational tool in two genomics courses targeting Digital Health students at the Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI) and medical students at the Technical University of Munich (TUM).
Methods
We compared and evaluated the courses and the students ' perceptions on the course setup using questionnaires.
Results
During the course, students changed their attitudes towards genotyping (HPI: 79% [15 of 19], TUM: 47% [25 of 53]). Predominantly, students became more critical of personal genotyping (HPI: 73% [11 of 15], TUM: 72% [18 of 25]) and most students stated that genetic analyses should not be allowed without genetic counseling (HPI: 79% [15 of 19], TUM: 70% [37 of 53]). Students found the personal genotyping component useful (HPI: 89% [17 of 19], TUM: 92% [49 of 53]) and recommended its inclusion in future courses (HPI: 95% [18 of 19], TUM: 98% [52 of 53]).
Conclusion
Students perceived the personal genotyping component as valuable in the described genomics courses. The implementation described here can serve as an example for future courses in Europe.
KW - Genomics education
KW - Personal genotyping
KW - Personalized medicine
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-023-01503-0
SN - 1755-8794
VL - 16
IS - 1
PB - BMC
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gisch, Ulrike Alexandra
A1 - Robert, Margaux
A1 - Berlin, Noemi
A1 - Nebout, Antoine
A1 - Etile, Fabrice
A1 - Teyssier, Sabrina
A1 - Andreeva, Valentina A.
A1 - Hercberg, Serge
A1 - Touvier, Mathilde
A1 - Peneau, Sandrine
T1 - Mastery is associated with weight status, food intake, snacking, and eating disorder symptoms in the NutriNet-Sante cohort study
JF - Frontiers in Nutrition
N2 - Mastery is a psychological resource that is defined as the extent to which individuals perceive having control over important circumstances of their lives. Although mastery has been associated with various physical and psychological health outcomes, studies assessing its relationship with weight status and dietary behavior are lacking. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between mastery and weight status, food intake, snacking, and eating disorder (ED) symptoms in the NutriNet-Sante cohort study. Mastery was measured with the Pearlin Mastery Scale (PMS) in 32,588 adults (77.45% female), the mean age was 50.04 (14.53) years. Height and weight were self-reported. Overall diet quality and food group consumption were evaluated with >= 3 self-reported 24-h dietary records (range: 3-27). Snacking was assessed with an ad-hoc question. ED symptoms were assessed with the Sick-Control-One-Fat-Food Questionnaire (SCOFF). Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between mastery and weight status, food intake, snacking, and ED symptoms, controlling for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Females with a higher level of mastery were less likely to be underweight (OR: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.84, 0.93), overweight [OR: 0.94 (0.91, 0.97)], or obese [class I: OR: 0.86 (0.82, 0.90); class II: OR: 0.76 (0.71, 0.82); class III: OR: 0.77 (0.69, 0.86)]. Males with a higher level of mastery were less likely to be obese [class III: OR: 0.75 (0.57, 0.99)]. Mastery was associated with better diet quality overall, a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables, seafood, wholegrain foods, legumes, non-salted oleaginous fruits, and alcoholic beverages and with a lower consumption of meat and poultry, dairy products, sugary and fatty products, milk-based desserts, and sweetened beverages. Mastery was also associated with lower snacking frequency [OR: 0.89 (0.86, 0.91)] and less ED symptoms [OR: 0.73 (0.71, 0.75)]. As mastery was associated with favorable dietary behavior and weight status, targeting mastery might be a promising approach in promoting healthy behaviors.
KW - mastery
KW - locus of control
KW - weight status
KW - diet quality
KW - food group consumption
KW - snacking
KW - eating disorder symptoms
KW - large population
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.871669
SN - 2296-861X
VL - 9
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Moreno-Romero, Jordi
A1 - Probst, Aline V.
A1 - Trindade, Inês
A1 - Kalyanikrishna,
A1 - Engelhorn, Julia
A1 - Farrona, Sara
T1 - Looking At the Past and Heading to the Future
BT - Meeting Summary of the 6th European Workshop on Plant Chromatin 2019 in Cologne, Germany
T2 - Frontiers in Plant Science
N2 - In June 2019, more than a hundred plant researchers met in Cologne, Germany, for the 6th European Workshop on Plant Chromatin (EWPC). This conference brought together a highly dynamic community of researchers with the common aim to understand how chromatin organization controls gene expression, development, and plant responses to the environment. New evidence showing how epigenetic states are set, perpetuated, and inherited were presented, and novel data related to the three-dimensional organization of chromatin within the nucleus were discussed. At the level of the nucleosome, its composition by different histone variants and their specialized histone deposition complexes were addressed as well as the mechanisms involved in histone post-translational modifications and their role in gene expression. The keynote lecture on plant DNA methylation by Julie Law (SALK Institute) and the tribute session to Lars Hennig, honoring the memory of one of the founders of the EWPC who contributed to promote the plant chromatin and epigenetic field in Europe, added a very special note to this gathering. In this perspective article we summarize some of the most outstanding data and advances on plant chromatin research presented at this workshop.
KW - EWPC2019
KW - chromatin
KW - epigenetics
KW - transcription
KW - nucleus
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01795
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 10
IS - 1795
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pang, Peter Tsun Ho
A1 - Dietrich, Tim
A1 - Tews, Ingo
A1 - Van Den Broeck, Chris
T1 - Parameter estimation for strong phase transitions in supranuclear matter using gravitational-wave astronomy
JF - Physical review research
N2 - At supranuclear densities, explored in the core of neutron stars, a strong phase transition from hadronic matter to more exotic forms of matter might be present. To test this hypothesis, binary neutron-star mergers offer a unique possibility to probe matter at densities that we cannot create in any existing terrestrial experiment. In this work, we show that, if present, strong phase transitions can have a measurable imprint on the binary neutron-star coalescence and the emitted gravitational-wave signal. We construct a new parametrization of the supranuclear equation of state that allows us to test for the existence of a strong phase transition and extract its characteristic properties purely from the gravitational-wave signal of the inspiraling neutron stars. We test our approach using a Bayesian inference study simulating 600 signals with three different equations of state and find that for current gravitational-wave detector networks already 12 events might be sufficient to verify the presence of a strong phase transition. Finally, we use our methodology to analyze GW170817 and GW190425 but do not find any indication that a strong phase transition is present at densities probed during the inspiral.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.033514
SN - 2643-1564
VL - 2
IS - 3
PB - American Physical Society
CY - College Park
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bulla, Mattia
A1 - Coughlin, Michael W.
A1 - Dhawan, Suhail
A1 - Dietrich, Tim
T1 - Multi-messenger constraints on the Hubble constant through combination of gravitational waves, gamma-ray bursts and kilonovae from neutron star mergers
JF - Universe : open access journal
N2 - The simultaneous detection of gravitational waves and light from the binary neutron star merger GW170817 led to independent measurements of distance and redshift, providing a direct estimate of the Hubble constant H-0 that does not rely on a cosmic distance ladder, nor assumes a specific cosmological model.
By using gravitational waves as "standard sirens", this approach holds promise to arbitrate the existing tension between the H-0 value inferred from the cosmic microwave background and those obtained from local measurements.
However, the known degeneracy in the gravitational-wave analysis between distance and inclination of the source led to a H-0 value from GW170817 that was not precise enough to resolve the existing tension.
In this review, we summarize recent works exploiting the viewing-angle dependence of the electromagnetic signal, namely the associated short gamma-ray burst and kilonova, to constrain the system inclination and improve on H-0.
We outline the key ingredients of the different methods, summarize the results obtained in the aftermath of GW170817 and discuss the possible systematics introduced by each of these methods.
KW - gravitational waves
KW - stars: neutron
KW - stars: binaries
KW - cosmology: cosmological parameters
KW - cosmology: distance scale
KW - cosmology: cosmic background radiation
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8050289
SN - 2218-1997
VL - 8
IS - 5
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dellepiane, Sergio
A1 - Vaid, Akhil
A1 - Jaladanki, Suraj K.
A1 - Coca, Steven
A1 - Fayad, Zahi A.
A1 - Charney, Alexander W.
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
A1 - He, John Cijiang
A1 - Glicksberg, Benjamin S.
A1 - Chan, Lili
A1 - Nadkarni, Girish
T1 - Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York City
BT - temporal trends From March 2020 to April 2021
JF - Kidney medicine
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2021.06.008
SN - 2590-0595
VL - 3
IS - 5
SP - 877
EP - 879
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kowalczyk, Katarzyna A.
A1 - Amann, Thorben
A1 - Strefler, Jessica
A1 - Vorrath, Maria-Elena
A1 - Hartmann, Jens
A1 - de Marco, Serena
A1 - Renforth, Phil
A1 - Foteinis, Spyros
A1 - Kriegler, Elmar
T1 - Marine carbon dioxide removal by alkalinization should no longer be overlooked
JF - Environmental research letters
N2 - To achieve the Paris climate target, deep emissions reductions have to be complemented with carbon dioxide removal (CDR). However, a portfolio of CDR options is necessary to reduce risks and potential negative side effects. Despite a large theoretical potential, ocean-based CDR such as ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) has been omitted in climate change mitigation scenarios so far. In this study, we provide a techno-economic assessment of large-scale OAE using hydrated lime ('ocean liming'). We address key uncertainties that determine the overall cost of ocean liming (OL) such as the CO2 uptake efficiency per unit of material, distribution strategies avoiding carbonate precipitation which would compromise efficiency, and technology availability (e.g., solar calciners). We find that at economic costs of 130–295 $/tCO2 net-removed, ocean liming could be a competitive CDR option which could make a significant contribution towards the Paris climate target. As the techno-economic assessment identified no showstoppers, we argue for more research on ecosystem impacts, governance, monitoring, reporting, and verification, and technology development and assessment to determine whether ocean liming and other OAE should be considered as part of a broader CDR portfolio.
KW - carbon dioxide removal (CDR)
KW - ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE)
KW - ocean liming (OL)
KW - echno-economic assessment
KW - uptake efficiency
Y1 - 2024
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad5192
SN - 1748-9326
VL - 19
IS - 7
PB - IOP Publishing
CY - Bristol
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - McHuron, Elizabeth A.
A1 - Adamczak, Stephanie
A1 - Arnould, John P. Y.
A1 - Ashe, Erin
A1 - Booth, Cormac
A1 - Bowen, W. Don
A1 - Christiansen, Fredrik
A1 - Chudzinska, Magda
A1 - Costa, Daniel P.
A1 - Fahlman, Andreas
A1 - Farmer, Nicholas A.
A1 - Fortune, Sarah M. E.
A1 - Gallagher, Cara A.
A1 - Keen, Kelly A.
A1 - Madsen, Peter T.
A1 - McMahon, Clive R.
A1 - Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob
A1 - Noren, Dawn P.
A1 - Noren, Shawn R.
A1 - Pirotta, Enrico
A1 - Rosen, David A. S.
A1 - Speakman, Cassie N.
A1 - Villegas-Amtmann, Stella
A1 - Williams, Rob
T1 - Key questions in marine mammal bioenergetics
JF - Conservation physiology
N2 - Bioenergetic approaches are increasingly used to understand how marine mammal populations could be affected by a changing and disturbed aquatic environment. There remain considerable gaps in our knowledge of marine mammal bioenergetics, which hinder the application of bioenergetic studies to inform policy decisions. We conducted a priority-setting exercise to identify high-priority unanswered questions in marine mammal bioenergetics, with an emphasis on questions relevant to conservation and management. Electronic communication and a virtual workshop were used to solicit and collate potential research questions from the marine mammal bioenergetic community. From a final list of 39 questions, 11 were identified as 'key'questions because they received votes from at least 50% of survey participants. Key questions included those related to energy intake (prey landscapes, exposure to human activities) and expenditure (field metabolic rate, exposure to human activities, lactation, time-activity budgets), energy allocation priorities, metrics of body condition and relationships with survival and reproductive success and extrapolation of data from one species to another. Existing tools to address key questions include labelled water, animal-borne sensors, mark-resight data from long-term research programs, environmental DNA and unmanned vehicles. Further validation of existing approaches and development of new methodologies are needed to comprehensively address some key questions, particularly for cetaceans. The identification of these key questions can provide a guiding framework to set research priorities, which ultimately may yield more accurate information to inform policies and better conserve marine mammal populations.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coac055
SN - 2051-1434
VL - 10
IS - 1
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tiberius, Victor
A1 - Weyland, Michael
T1 - Identifying constituent elements of entrepreneurship curricula
BT - a systematic literature review
JF - Administrative sciences
N2 - Entrepreneurship education research has a strong “output” focus on impact studies but pays much less attention to the “inside” or process perspective of the way entrepreneurship education occurs. In particular, the scattered previous entrepreneurship curriculum research has not managed to provide a current and comprehensive overview of the curricular elements that constitute entrepreneurship education. To overcome this shortcoming, we aim to identify the teaching objectives, teaching contents, teaching methods, and assessment methods discussed in entrepreneurship curriculum research. To this end, we conducted a systematic literature review on the four entrepreneurship curriculum dimensions and collected all mentioned curriculum items. We used a two-stage coding procedure to find the genuinely entrepreneurship-specific items. Among numerous items (also from business management and other subjects), we found 26 objectives, 34 contents, 11 teaching methods, and 7 assessment methods that were entrepreneurship-specific. Most of these items were addressed by only a few scholarly papers.
KW - assessment methods
KW - curriculum
KW - entrepreneurship education
KW - teaching contents
KW - teaching methods
KW - teaching objectives
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14010001
SN - 2076-3387
VL - 14
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kretzschmar, Mirjam E.
A1 - Ashby, Ben
A1 - Fearon, Elizabeth
A1 - Overton, Christopher E.
A1 - Panovska-Griffiths, Jasmina
A1 - Pellis, Lorenzo
A1 - Quaife, Matthew
A1 - Rozhnova, Ganna
A1 - Scarabel, Francesca
A1 - Stage, Helena B.
A1 - Swallow, Ben
A1 - Thompson, Robin N.
A1 - Tildesley, Michael J.
A1 - Villela, Daniel Campos
T1 - Challenges for modelling interventions for future pandemics
JF - Epidemics
N2 - Mathematical modelling and statistical inference provide a framework to evaluate different non-pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical interventions for the control of epidemics that has been widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, lessons learned from this and previous epidemics are used to highlight the challenges for future pandemic control. We consider the availability and use of data, as well as the need for correct parameterisation and calibration for different model frameworks. We discuss challenges that arise in describing and distinguishing between different interventions, within different modelling structures, and allowing both within and between host dynamics. We also highlight challenges in modelling the health economic and political aspects of interventions. Given the diversity of these challenges, a broad variety of interdisciplinary expertise is needed to address them, combining mathematical knowledge with biological and social insights, and including health economics and communication skills. Addressing these challenges for the future requires strong cross disciplinary collaboration together with close communication between scientists and policy makers.
KW - Mathematical models
KW - Pandemics
KW - Pharmaceutical interventions
KW - Non-pharmaceutical interventions
KW - Policy support
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2022.100546
SN - 1755-4365
SN - 1878-0067
VL - 38
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Romero Barbosa, Luís
A1 - Coelho, Victor Hugo R.
A1 - Scheiffele, Lena M.
A1 - Baroni, Gabriele
A1 - Ramos Filho, Geraldo M.
A1 - Montenegro, Suzana M. G. L.
A1 - Das Neves Almeida, Cristiano
A1 - Oswald, Sascha
T1 - Dynamic groundwater recharge simulations based on cosmic-ray neutron sensing in a tropical wet experimental basin
JF - Vadose zone journal : VZJ : advancing critical zone science
N2 - Although cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is probably the most promising noninvasive proximal soil moisture measurement technique at the field scale, its application for hydrological simulations remains underexplored in the literature so far. This study assessed the use of CRNS to inversely calibrate soil hydraulic parameters at the intermediate field scale to simulate the groundwater recharge rates at a daily timescale. The study was conducted for two contrasting hydrological years at the Guaraira experimental basin, Brazil, a 5.84-km(2), a tropical wet and rather flat landscape covered by secondary Atlantic forest. As a consequence of the low altitude and proximity to the equator low neutron count rates could be expected, reducing the precision of CRNS while constituting unexplored and challenging conditions for CRNS applications. Inverse calibration for groundwater recharge rates was used based on CRNS or point-scale soil moisture data. The CRNS-derived retention curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity were consistent with the literature and locally performed slug tests. Simulated groundwater recharge rates ranged from 60 to 470 mm yr(-1), corresponding to 5 and 29% of rainfall, and correlated well with estimates based on water table fluctuations. In contrast, the estimated results based on inversive point-scale datasets were not in alignment with measured water table fluctuations. The better performance of CRNS-based estimations of field-scale hydrological variables, especially groundwater recharge, demonstrated its clear advantages over traditional invasive point-scale techniques. Finally, the study proved the ability of CRNS as practicable in low altitude, tropical wet areas, thus encouraging its adoption for water resources monitoring and management.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20145
SN - 1539-1663
VL - 20
IS - 4
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -