TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hülscher, Julian
A1  - Sobel, Edward
A1  - Kallnik, Niklas
A1  - Hoffmann, J. Elis
A1  - Millar, Ian L.
A1  - Hartmann, Kai
A1  - Bernhardt, Anne
T1  - Apatites record sedimentary provenance change 4-5 myrs before clay in the Oligocene/Miocene Alpine molasse
JF  - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2  - Extracting information about past tectonic or climatic environmental changes from sedimentary records is a key objective of provenance research. Interpreting the imprint of such changes remains challenging as signals might be altered in the sediment-routing system. 
We investigate the sedimentary provenance of the Oligocene/Miocene Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin and its response to the tectonically driven exhumation of the Tauern Window metamorphic dome (28 +/- 1 Ma) in the Eastern European Alps by using the unprecedented combination of Nd isotopic composition of bulk-rock clay-sized samples and partly previously published multi-proxy (Nd isotopic composition, trace-element geochemistry, U-Pb dating) sand-sized apatite single-grain analysis. 

The basin offers an excellent opportunity to investigate environmental signal propagation into the sedimentary record because comprehensive stratigraphic and seismic datasets can be combined with present research results. The bulk-rock clay-sized fraction epsilon Nd values of well-cutting samples from one well on the northern basin slope remained stable at similar to-9.7 from 27 to 19 Ma but increased after 19 Ma to similar to-9.1. In contrast, apatite single-grain distributions, which were extracted from 22 drill-core samples, changed significantly around 23.3 Ma from apatites dominantly from low-grade (<upper amphibolite-facies) metamorphic sources with Permo-Mesozoic and late Variscan U-Pb ages and epsilon Nd values of -4.4 to dominantly high-grade metamorphic apatites with late Variscan U-Pb ages and epsilon Nd values of -2.2. 

The change in apatite single-grain distributions at 23.3 Ma is interpreted to result from the exposure of a new Upper Austroalpine source nappe with less negative epsilon Nd values triggered by the ongoing Tauern Window exhumation. Combining these data with the clay-sized bulk-rock epsilon Nd values reveals that the provenance changed 4-5 Myrs later at 19 Ma in the clay-sized fraction. 
Reasons for the delayed provenance-change recording are rooted in the characteristics of the applied methods. 
Whereas single-grain distributions of orogen-wide sediment-routing systems can be dominated by geographically small areas with high erosion and mineral fertility rates, bulk-rock methods integrate over the entire drainage basin, thus diminishing extreme values. Hence, by combining these two methods, spatial information are uncovered, enabling a previously unattained understanding of the underlying environmental change.
KW  - apatite geochemistry and U-Pb dating
KW  - Nd isotopic composition
KW  - clay
KW  - provenance
KW  - Northern Alpine Foreland Basin
KW  - Eastern Alps
KW  - Tauern Window;
KW  - sediment routing system
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.914409
SN  - 2296-6463
VL  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behrendt, Tom
A1  - Bielitzki, Robert
A1  - Behrens, Martin
A1  - Herold, Fabian
A1  - Schega, Lutz
T1  - Effects of intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans
BT  - a systematic review
JF  - Sports medicine - open
N2  - Background: 
Intermittent hypoxia applied at rest or in combination with exercise promotes multiple beneficial adaptations with regard to performance and health in humans. It was hypothesized that replacing normoxia by moderate hyperoxia can increase the adaptive response to the intermittent hypoxic stimulus.

Objective:
Our objective was to systematically review the current state of the literature on the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia (IHH) on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans.

Methods:
PubMed, Web of Science (TM), Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (January 2000 to September 2021) using the following inclusion criteria: (1) original research articles involving humans, (2) investigation of the chronic effect of IHH, (3) inclusion of a control group being not exposed to IHH, and (4) articles published in peer-reviewed journals written in English. 

Results:
 Of 1085 articles initially found, eight studies were included. IHH was solely performed at rest in different populations including geriatric patients (n = 1), older patients with cardiovascular (n = 3) and metabolic disease (n = 2) or cognitive impairment (n = 1), and young athletes with overtraining syndrome (n = 1). The included studies confirmed the beneficial effects of chronic exposure to IHH, showing improvements in exercise tolerance, peak oxygen uptake, and global cognitive functions, as well as lowered blood glucose levels. A trend was discernible that chronic exposure to IHH can trigger a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The evidence of whether IHH exerts beneficial effects on blood lipid levels and haematological parameters is currently inconclusive. A meta-analysis was not possible because the reviewed studies had a considerable heterogeneity concerning the investigated populations and outcome parameters. 

Conclusion: 
Based on the published literature, it can be suggested that chronic exposure to IHH might be a promising non-pharmacological intervention strategy for improving peak oxygen consumption, exercise tolerance, and cognitive performance as well as reducing blood glucose levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in older patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases or cognitive impairment. However, further randomized controlled trials with adequate sample sizes are needed to confirm and extend the evidence. This systematic review was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42021281248) (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
KW  - hypoxic conditioning
KW  - cognitive impairment
KW  - metabolic disease
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - geriatrics
KW  - therapy
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00450-x
SN  - 2199-1170
SN  - 2198-9761
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Delfan, Maryam
A1  - Juybari, Raheleh Amadeh
A1  - Gorgani-Firuzjaee, Sattar
A1  - Høiriis Nielsen, Jens
A1  - Delfan, Neda
A1  - Laher, Ismail
A1  - Saeidi, Ayoub
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Zouhal, Hassane
T1  - High-intensity interval training improves cardiac function by miR-206 dependent HSP60 induction in diabetic rats
JF  - Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine
N2  - ObjectiveA role for microRNAs is implicated in several biological and pathological processes. We investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on molecular markers of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. MethodsEighteen male Wistar rats (260 +/- 10 g; aged 8 weeks) with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (55 mg/kg, IP) were randomly allocated to three groups: control, MICT, and HIIT. The two different training protocols were performed 5 days each week for 5 weeks. Cardiac performance (end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, ejection fraction), the expression of miR-206, HSP60, and markers of apoptosis (cleaved PARP and cytochrome C) were determined at the end of the exercise interventions. ResultsBoth exercise interventions (HIIT and MICT) decreased blood glucose levels and improved cardiac performance, with greater changes in the HIIT group (p < 0.001, eta(2): 0.909). While the expressions of miR-206 and apoptotic markers decreased in both training protocols (p < 0.001, eta(2): 0.967), HIIT caused greater reductions in apoptotic markers and produced a 20% greater reduction in miR-206 compared with the MICT protocol (p < 0.001). Furthermore, both training protocols enhanced the expression of HSP60 (p < 0.001, eta(2): 0.976), with a nearly 50% greater increase in the HIIT group compared with MICT. ConclusionsOur results indicate that both exercise protocols, HIIT and MICT, have the potential to reduce diabetic cardiomyopathy by modifying the expression of miR-206 and its downstream targets of apoptosis. It seems however that HIIT is even more effective than MICT to modulate these molecular markers.
KW  - diabetes
KW  - apoptosis
KW  - miRNAs
KW  - exercise
KW  - cardiomyopathy
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.927956
SN  - 2297-055X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmid, Florian
A1  - Petersen, Gesa M.
A1  - Hooft, Emilie E. E.
A1  - Paulatto, Michele
A1  - Chrapkiewicz, Kajetan
A1  - Hensch, Martin
A1  - Dahm, Torsten
T1  - Heralds of future volcanism: Swarms of microseismicity beneath the submarine Kolumbo volcano indicate opening of near-vertical fractures exploited by ascending melts
JF  - Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems
N2  - The Kolumbo submarine volcano in the southern Aegean (Greece) is associated with repeated seismic unrest since at least two decades and the causes of this unrest are poorly understood. We present a ten-month long microseismicity data set for the period 2006-2007. The majority of earthquakes cluster in a cone-shaped portion of the crust below Kolumbo. The tip of this cone coincides with a low Vp-anomaly at 2-4 km depth, which is interpreted as a crustal melt reservoir. Our data set includes several earthquake swarms, of which we analyze the four with the highest events numbers in detail. Together the swarms form a zone of fracturing elongated in the SW-NE direction, parallel to major regional faults. All four swarms show a general upward migration of hypocenters and the cracking front propagates unusually fast, compared to swarms in other volcanic areas. We conclude that the swarm seismicity is most likely triggered by a combination of pore-pressure perturbations and the re-distribution of elastic stresses. Fluid pressure perturbations are induced likely by obstructions in the melt conduits in a rheologically strong layer between 6 and 9 km depth. We conclude that the zone of fractures below Kolumbo is exploited by melts ascending from the mantle and filling the crustal melt reservoir. Together with the recurring seismic unrest, our study suggests that a future eruption is probable and monitoring of the Kolumbo volcanic system is highly advisable.
KW  - aegean
KW  - hellenic volcanic arc
KW  - santorini
KW  - submarine volcanism
KW  - earthquake swarms
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GC010420
SN  - 1525-2027
VL  - 23
IS  - 7
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rodríguez Sánchez, Alejandra
A1  - Wucherpfennig, Julian
A1  - Rischke, Ramona
A1  - Iacus, Stefano Maria
T1  - Search-and-rescue in the Central Mediterranean Route does not induce migration
BT  - predictive modeling to answer causal queries in migration research
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - State- and private-led search-and-rescue are hypothesized to foster irregular migration (and thereby migrant fatalities) by altering the decision calculus associated with the journey. We here investigate this ‘pull factor’ claim by focusing on the Central Mediterranean route, the most frequented and deadly irregular migration route towards Europe during the past decade. Based on three intervention periods—(1) state-led Mare Nostrum, (2) private-led search-and-rescue, and (3) coordinated pushbacks by the Libyan Coast Guard—which correspond to substantial changes in laws, policies, and practices of search-and-rescue in the Mediterranean, we are able to test the ‘pull factor’ claim by employing an innovative machine learning method in combination with causal inference. We employ a Bayesian structural time-series model to estimate the effects of these three intervention periods on the migration flow as measured by crossing attempts (i.e., time-series aggregate counts of arrivals, pushbacks, and deaths), adjusting for various known drivers of irregular migration. We combine multiple sources of traditional and non-traditional data to build a synthetic, predicted counterfactual flow. Results show that our predictive modeling approach accurately captures the behavior of the target time-series during the various pre-intervention periods of interest. A comparison of the observed and predicted counterfactual time-series in the post-intervention periods suggest that pushback policies did affect the migration flow, but that the search-and-rescue periods did not yield a discernible difference between the observed and the predicted counterfactual number of crossing attempts. Hence we do not find support for search-and-rescue as a driver of irregular migration. In general, this modeling approach lends itself to forecasting migration flows with the goal of answering causal queries in migration research.
KW  - human behaviour
KW  - population dynamics
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38119-4
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
PB  - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Trouwloon, Danick
A1  - Streck, Charlotte
A1  - Chagas, Thiago
A1  - Martinus, Glenpherd
T1  - Understanding the use of carbon credits by companies
BT  - a review of the defining elements of corporate climate claims
JF  - Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ)
N2  - Worldwide, companies are increasingly making claims about their current climate efforts and their future mitigation commitments. These claims tend to be underpinned by carbon credits issued in voluntary carbon markets to offset emissions. Corporate climate claims are largely unregulated which means that they are often (perceived to be) misleading and deceptive. As such, corporate climate claims risk undermining, rather than contributing to, global climate mitigation. This paper takes as its point of departure the proposition that a better understanding of corporate climate claims is needed to govern such claims in a manner that adequately addresses potential greenwashing risks. To that end, the paper reviews the nascent literature on corporate climate claims relying on the use of voluntary carbon credits. Drawing on the reviewed literature, three key dimensions of corporate climate claims as related to carbon credits are discussed: 1) the intended use of carbon credits: offsetting versus non-offsetting claims; 2) the framing and meaning of headline terms: net-zero versus carbon neutral claims; and 3) the status of the claim: future aspirational commitments versus stated achievements. The paper thereby offers a preliminary categorization of corporate climate claims and discusses risks associated with and governance implications for each of these categories.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202200158
SN  - 2056-6646
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pinkas, Ronen
T1  - On prayer and dialectic in modern Jewish philosophy
BT  - Hermann Cohen and Franz Rosenzweig
JF  - Religions
N2  - This paper is founded on two philosophical assumptions. The first is that there is a difference between two patterns of recognition: the dialectical and the dialogical. The second assumption is that the origins of the dialogical pattern may be found in the relationship between human beings and God, a relationship in which prayer has a major role. The second assumption leads to the supposition that the emphasis of the dialogic approach on moral responsibility is theologically grounded. In other words, the relationship between humanity and God serves as a paradigm for human relationships. By focusing on Hermann Cohen and Franz Rosenzweig, in the context of prayer and dialectic, this paper highlights the complexity of these themes in modern Jewish thought. These two important philosophers utilize dialectical reasoning while also criticizing it and offering an alternative. The conclusions of their thought, in general, and their position on prayer, in particular, demonstrate a preference for a relational way of thinking over a dialectical one, but without renouncing the latter.
KW  - dialectic
KW  - dialogue
KW  - prayer
KW  - modern Jewish philosophy
KW  - religious existentialism
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14080996
SN  - 2077-1444
VL  - 14
IS  - 8
SP  - 1
EP  - 28
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Liedl, Bernd
A1  - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie
A1  - Samper Mejia, Cristina
A1  - Verwiebe, Roland
T1  - Risk perceptions of individuals living in single-parent households during the COVID-19 crisis
BT  - examining the mediating and moderating role of income
JF  - Frontiers in sociology
N2  - The COVID-19 crisis had severe social and economic impact on the life of most citizens around the globe. Individuals living in single-parent households were particularly at risk, revealing detrimental labour market outcomes and assessments of future perspectives marked by worries. As it has not been investigated yet, in this paper we study, how their perception about the future and their outlook on how the pandemic will affect them is related to their objective economic resources. Against this background, we examine the subjective risk perception of worsening living standards of individuals living in single-parent households compared to other household types, their objective economic situation based on the logarithmised equivalised disposable household incomes and analyse the relationship between those indicators. Using the German SOEP, including the SOEP-CoV survey from 2020, our findings based on regression modelling reveal that individuals living in single-parent households have been worse off during the pandemic, facing high economic insecurity. Path and interaction models support our assumption that the association between those indicators may not be that straightforward, as there are underlying mechanisms–such as mediation and moderation–of income affecting its direction and strength. With respect to our central hypotheses, our empirical findings point toward (1) a mediation effect, by demonstrating that the subjective risk perception of single-parent households can be partly explained by economic conditions. (2) The moderating effect suggests that the concrete position at the income distribution of households matters as well. While at the lower end of the income distribution, single-parent households reveal particularly worse risk perceptions during the pandemic, at the high end of the income spectrum, risk perceptions are similar for all household types. Thus, individuals living in single-parent households do not perceive higher risks of worsening living standards due to their household situation per se, but rather because they are worse off in terms of their economic situation compared to individuals living in other household types.
KW  - COVID-19 pandemic
KW  - Germany
KW  - household types
KW  - individuals living in single-parent households
KW  - objective labour market outcome
KW  - subjective risk perception
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2023.1265302
SN  - 2297-7775
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mayer, Dennis
A1  - Lever, Fabiano
A1  - Picconi, David
A1  - Metje, Jan
A1  - Ališauskas, Skirmantas
A1  - Calegari, Francesca
A1  - Düsterer, Stefan
A1  - Ehlert, Christopher
A1  - Feifel, Raimund
A1  - Niebuhr, Mario
A1  - Manschwetus, Bastian
A1  - Kuhlmann, Marion
A1  - Mazza, Tommaso
A1  - Robinson, Matthew Scott
A1  - Squibb, Richard J.
A1  - Trabattoni, Andrea
A1  - Wallner, Måns
A1  - Saalfrank, Peter
A1  - Wolf, Thomas J. A.
A1  - Gühr, Markus
T1  - Following excited-state chemical shifts in molecular ultrafast x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
JF  - Nature communications
N2  - Imaging the charge flow in photoexcited molecules would provide key information on photophysical and photochemical processes. Here the authors demonstrate tracking in real time after photoexcitation the change in charge density at a specific site of 2-thiouracil using time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The conversion of photon energy into other energetic forms in molecules is accompanied by charge moving on ultrafast timescales. We directly observe the charge motion at a specific site in an electronically excited molecule using time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-XPS). We extend the concept of static chemical shift from conventional XPS by the excited-state chemical shift (ESCS), which is connected to the charge in the framework of a potential model. This allows us to invert TR-XPS spectra to the dynamic charge at a specific atom. We demonstrate the power of TR-XPS by using sulphur 2p-core-electron-emission probing to study the UV-excited dynamics of 2-thiouracil. The method allows us to discover that a major part of the population relaxes to the molecular ground state within 220-250 fs. In addition, a 250-fs oscillation, visible in the kinetic energy of the TR-XPS, reveals a coherent exchange of population among electronic states.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27908-y
SN  - 2041-1723
N1  - Publisher correction: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28584-2
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Research
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thienen, Julia von
A1  - Weinstein, Theresa Julia
A1  - Meinel, Christoph
T1  - Creative metacognition in design thinking
BT  - exploring theories, educational practices, and their implications for measurement
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Design thinking is a well-established practical and educational approach to fostering high-level creativity and innovation, which has been refined since the 1950s with the participation of experts like Joy Paul Guilford and Abraham Maslow. Through real-world projects, trainees learn to optimize their creative outcomes by developing and practicing creative cognition and metacognition. This paper provides a holistic perspective on creativity, enabling the formulation of a comprehensive theoretical framework of creative metacognition. It focuses on the design thinking approach to creativity and explores the role of metacognition in four areas of creativity expertise: Products, Processes, People, and Places. The analysis includes task-outcome relationships (product metacognition), the monitoring of strategy effectiveness (process metacognition), an understanding of individual or group strengths and weaknesses (people metacognition), and an examination of the mutual impact between environments and creativity (place metacognition). It also reviews measures taken in design thinking education, including a distribution of cognition and metacognition, to support students in their development of creative mastery. On these grounds, we propose extended methods for measuring creative metacognition with the goal of enhancing comprehensive assessments of the phenomenon. Proposed methodological advancements include accuracy sub-scales, experimental tasks where examinees explore problem and solution spaces, combinations of naturalistic observations with capability testing, as well as physiological assessments as indirect measures of creative metacognition.
KW  - accuracy
KW  - creativity
KW  - design thinking
KW  - education
KW  - measurement
KW  - metacognition
KW  - innovation
KW  - framework
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1157001
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 14
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - van Geffen, Femke
A1  - Heim, Birgit
A1  - Brieger, Frederic
A1  - Geng, Rongwei
A1  - Shevtsova, Iuliia
A1  - Schulte, Luise
A1  - Stuenzi, Simone M.
A1  - Bernhardt, Nadine
A1  - Troeva, Elena I.
A1  - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna
A1  - Zakharov, Evgenii S.
A1  - Pflug, Bringfried
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
A1  - Kruse, Stefan
T1  - SiDroForest: a comprehensive forest inventory of Siberian boreal forest investigations including drone-based point clouds, individually labeled trees, synthetically generated tree crowns, and Sentinel-2 labeled image patches
JF  - Earth system science data
N2  - The SiDroForest (Siberian drone-mapped forest inventory) data collection is an attempt to remedy the scarcity of forest structure data in the circumboreal region by providing adjusted and labeled tree-level and vegetation plot-level data for machine learning and upscaling purposes. We present datasets of vegetation composition and tree and plot level forest structure for two important vegetation transition zones in Siberia, Russia; the summergreen-evergreen transition zone in Central Yakutia and the tundra-taiga transition zone in Chukotka (NE Siberia). The SiDroForest data collection consists of four datasets that contain different complementary data types that together support in-depth analyses from different perspectives of Siberian Forest plot data for multi-purpose applications. i. Dataset 1 provides unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne data products covering the vegetation plots surveyed during fieldwork (Kruse et al., 2021, ). The dataset includes structure-from-motion (SfM) point clouds and red-green-blue (RGB) and red-green-near-infrared (RGN) orthomosaics. From the orthomosaics, point-cloud products were created such as the digital elevation model (DEM), canopy height model (CHM), digital surface model (DSM) and the digital terrain model (DTM). The point-cloud products provide information on the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the forest at each plot. Dataset 2 contains spatial data in the form of point and polygon shapefiles of 872 individually labeled trees and shrubs that were recorded during fieldwork at the same vegetation plots (van Geffen et al., 2021c, ). The dataset contains information on tree height, crown diameter, and species type. These tree and shrub individually labeled point and polygon shapefiles were generated on top of the RGB UVA orthoimages. The individual tree information collected during the expedition such as tree height, crown diameter, and vitality are provided in table format. This dataset can be used to link individual information on trees to the location of the specific tree in the SfM point clouds, providing for example, opportunity to validate the extracted tree height from the first dataset. The dataset provides unique insights into the current state of individual trees and shrubs and allows for monitoring the effects of climate change on these individuals in the future. Dataset 3 contains a synthesis of 10 000 generated images and masks that have the tree crowns of two species of larch ( and ) automatically extracted from the RGB UAV images in the common objects in context (COCO) format (van Geffen et al., 2021a, ). As machine-learning algorithms need a large dataset to train on, the synthetic dataset was specifically created to be used for machine-learning algorithms to detect Siberian larch species. Larix gmeliniiLarix cajanderiDataset 4 contains Sentinel-2 (S-2) Level-2 bottom-of-atmosphere processed labeled image patches with seasonal information and annotated vegetation categories covering the vegetation plots (van Geffen et al., 2021b, ). The dataset is created with the aim of providing a small ready-to-use validation and training dataset to be used in various vegetation-related machine-learning tasks. It enhances the data collection as it allows classification of a larger area with the provided vegetation classes. The SiDroForest data collection serves a variety of user communities. <br /> The detailed vegetation cover and structure information in the first two datasets are of use for ecological applications, on one hand for summergreen and evergreen needle-leaf forests and also for tundra-taiga ecotones. Datasets 1 and 2 further support the generation and validation of land cover remote-sensing products in radar and optical remote sensing. In addition to providing information on forest structure and vegetation composition of the vegetation plots, the third and fourth datasets are prepared as training and validation data for machine-learning purposes. For example, the synthetic tree-crown dataset is generated from the raw UAV images and optimized to be used in neural networks. Furthermore, the fourth SiDroForest dataset contains S-2 labeled image patches processed to a high standard that provide training data on vegetation class categories for machine-learning classification with JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) labels provided. The SiDroForest data collection adds unique insights into remote hard-to-reach circumboreal forest regions.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4967-2022
SN  - 1866-3508
SN  - 1866-3516
VL  - 14
IS  - 11
SP  - 4967
EP  - 4994
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dietze, Elisabeth
A1  - Mangelsdorf, Kai
A1  - Andreev, Andrei
A1  - Karger, Cornelia
A1  - Schreuder, Laura T.
A1  - Hopmans, Ellen C.
A1  - Rach, Oliver
A1  - Sachse, Dirk
A1  - Wennrich, Volker
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - Relationships between low-temperature fires, climate and vegetation during three late glacials and interglacials of the last 430 kyr in northeastern Siberia reconstructed from monosaccharide anhydrides in Lake El’gygytgyn sediments
JF  - Climate of the Past
N2  - Landscapes in high northern latitudes are assumed to be highly sensitive to future global change, but the rates and long-term trajectories of changes are rather uncertain. In the boreal zone, fires are an important factor in climate-vegetation interactions and biogeochemical cycles. Fire regimes are characterized by small, frequent, low-intensity fires within summergreen boreal forests dominated by larch, whereas evergreen boreal forests dominated by spruce and pine burn large areas less frequently but at higher intensities. Here, we explore the potential of the monosaccharide anhydrides (MA) levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan to serve as proxies of low-intensity biomass burning in glacial-to-interglacial lake sediments from the high northern latitudes. We use sediments from Lake El'gygytgyn (cores PG 1351 and ICDP 5011-1), located in the far north-east of Russia, and study glacial and interglacial samples of the last 430 kyr (marine isotope stages 5e, 6, 7e, 8, 11c and 12) that had different climate and biome configurations. Combined with pollen and non-pollen palynomorph records from the same samples, we assess how far the modern relationships between fire, climate and vegetation persisted during the past, on orbital to centennial timescales. We find that MAs attached to particulates were well-preserved in up to 430 kyr old sediments with higher influxes from low-intensity biomass burning in interglacials compared to glacials. MA influxes significantly increase when summergreen boreal forest spreads closer to the lake, whereas they decrease when tundra-steppe environments and, especially, Sphagnum peatlands spread. This suggests that low-temperature fires are a typical characteristic of Siberian larch forests also on long timescales. The results also suggest that low-intensity fires would be reduced by vegetation shifts towards very dry environments due to reduced biomass availability, as well as by shifts towards peatlands, which limits fuel dryness. In addition, we observed very low MA ratios, which we interpret as high contributions of galactosan and mannosan from biomass sources other than those currently monitored, such as the moss-lichen mats in the understorey of the summergreen boreal forest. Overall, sedimentary MAs can provide a powerful proxy for fire regime reconstructions and extend our knowledge of long-term natural fire-climate-vegetation feedbacks in the high northern latitudes.
KW  - molecular tracers
KW  - organic aerosols
KW  - emission factors
KW  - carbonaceous aerosols
KW  - pollen records
KW  - core PG1351
KW  - biomass
KW  - holocene
KW  - levoglucosan
KW  - charcoal
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-799-2020
SN  - 1814-9332
SN  - 1814-9324
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
SP  - 788
EP  - 818
PB  - Copernicus Publications
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Miesner, Timon
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
A1  - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna
A1  - Wieczorek, Mareike
A1  - Zakharov, Evgenii S.
A1  - Kolmogorov, Alexei I.
A1  - Davydova, Paraskovya V.
A1  - Kruse, Stefan
T1  - Forest structure and individual tree inventories of northeastern Siberia along climatic gradients
JF  - Earth system science data : ESSD
N2  - We compile a data set of forest surveys from expeditions to the northeast of the Russian Federation, in Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (59-73 degrees N, 97-169 degrees E), performed between the years 2011 and 2021. The region is characterized by permafrost soils and forests dominated by larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr. and Larix cajanderi Mayr). 
Our data set consists of a plot database describing 226 georeferenced vegetation survey plots and a tree database with information about all the trees on these plots. The tree database, consisting of two tables with the same column names, contains information on the height, species, and vitality of 40 289 trees. A subset of the trees was subject to a more detailed inventory, which recorded the stem diameter at base and at breast height, crown diameter, and height of the beginning of the crown.
We recorded heights up to 28.5 m (median 2.5 m) and stand densities up to 120 000 trees per hectare (median 1197 ha(-1)), with both values tending to be higher in the more southerly areas. Observed taxa include Larix Mill., Pinus L., Picea A. Dietr., Abies Mill., Salix L., Betula L., Populus L., Alnus Mill., and Ulmus L. 
In this study, we present the forest inventory data aggregated per plot. Additionally, we connect the data with different remote sensing data products to find out how accurately forest structure can be predicted from such products. Allometries were calculated to obtain the diameter from height measurements for every species group. For Larix, the most frequent of 10 species groups, allometries depended also on the stand density, as denser stands are characterized by thinner trees, relative to height. The remote sensing products used to compare against the inventory data include climate, forest biomass, canopy height, and forest loss or disturbance. We find that the forest metrics measured in the field can only be reconstructed from the remote sensing data to a limited extent, as they depend on local properties. This illustrates the need for ground inventories like those data we present here.
The data can be used for studying the forest structure of northeastern Siberia and for the calibration and validation of remotely sensed data.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5695-2022
SN  - 1866-3508
SN  - 1866-3516
VL  - 14
IS  - 12
SP  - 5695
EP  - 5716
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kruse, Stefan
A1  - Stünzi, Simone Maria
A1  - Boike, Julia
A1  - Langer, Moritz
A1  - Gloy, Josias
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - Novel coupled permafrost-forest model (LAVESI-CryoGrid v1.0) revealing the interplay between permafrost, vegetation, and climate across eastern Siberia
JF  - Geoscientific model development : GMD ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - Boreal forests of Siberia play a relevant role in the global carbon cycle. However, global warming threatens the existence of summergreen larch-dominated ecosystems, likely enabling a transition to evergreen tree taxa with deeper active layers. Complex permafrost-vegetation interactions make it uncertain whether these ecosystems could develop into a carbon source rather than continuing atmospheric carbon sequestration under global warming. Consequently, shedding light on the role of current and future active layer dynamics and the feedbacks with the apparent tree species is crucial to predict boreal forest transition dynamics and thus for aboveground forest biomass and carbon stock developments. Hence, we established a coupled model version amalgamating a one-dimensional permafrost multilayer forest land-surface model (CryoGrid) with LAVESI, an individual-based and spatially explicit forest model for larch species (Larix Mill.), extended for this study by including other relevant Siberian forest species and explicit terrain. <br /> Following parameterization, we ran simulations with the coupled version to the near future to 2030 with a mild climate-warming scenario. We focus on three regions covering a gradient of summergreen forests in the east at Spasskaya Pad, mixed summergreen-evergreen forests close to Nyurba, and the warmest area at Lake Khamra in the southeast of Yakutia, Russia. Coupled simulations were run with the newly implemented boreal forest species and compared to runs allowing only one species at a time, as well as to simulations using just LAVESI. Results reveal that the coupled version corrects for overestimation of active layer thickness (ALT) and soil moisture, and large differences in established forests are simulated. We conclude that the coupled version can simulate the complex environment of eastern Siberia by reproducing vegetation patterns, making it an excellent tool to disentangle processes driving boreal forest dynamics.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2395-2022
SN  - 1991-959X
SN  - 1991-9603
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
SP  - 2395
EP  - 2422
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Radosavljevic, Boris
A1  - Lantuit, Hugues
A1  - Knoblauch, Christian
A1  - Couture, Nicole
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
A1  - Fritz, Michael
T1  - Arctic nearshore sediment dynamics - an example from Herschel Island - Qikiqtaruk, Canada
JF  - Journal of marine science and engineering
N2  - Increasing arctic coastal erosion rates imply a greater release of sediments and organic matter into the coastal zone. With 213 sediment samples taken around Herschel Island-Qikiqtaruk, Canadian Beaufort Sea, we aimed to gain new insights on sediment dynamics and geochemical properties of a shallow arctic nearshore zone. Spatial characteristics of nearshore sediment texture (moderately to poorly sorted silt) are dictated by hydrodynamic processes, but ice-related processes also play a role. We determined organic matter (OM) distribution and inferred the origin and quality of organic carbon by C/N ratios and stable carbon isotopes delta C-13. The carbon content was higher offshore and in sheltered areas (mean: 1.0 wt.%., S.D.: 0.9) and the C/N ratios also showed a similar spatial pattern (mean: 11.1, S.D.: 3.1), while the delta C-13 (mean: -26.4 parts per thousand VPDB, S.D.: 0.4) distribution was more complex. We compared the geochemical parameters of our study with terrestrial and marine samples from other studies using a bootstrap approach. Sediments of the current study contained 6.5 times and 1.8 times less total organic carbon than undisturbed and disturbed terrestrial sediments, respectively. Therefore, degradation of OM and separation of carbon pools take place on land and continue in the nearshore zone, where OM is leached, mineralized, or transported beyond the study area.
KW  - permafrost
KW  - Arctic Ocean
KW  - stable carbon isotopes
KW  - nitrogen
KW  - sediment
KW  - chemistry
KW  - sediment dynamics
KW  - Beaufort Sea
KW  - grain size
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111589
SN  - 2077-1312
VL  - 10
IS  - 11
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dallmeyer, Anne
A1  - Kleinen, Thomas
A1  - Claussen, Martin
A1  - Weitzel, Nils
A1  - Cao, Xianyong
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - The deglacial forest conundrum
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - How fast the Northern Hemisphere (NH) forest biome tracks strongly warming climates is largely unknown. Regional studies reveal lags between decades and millennia. Here we report a conundrum: Deglacial forest expansion in the NH extra-tropics occurs approximately 4000 years earlier in a transient MPI-ESM1.2 simulation than shown by pollen-based biome reconstructions. Shortcomings in the model and the reconstructions could both contribute to this mismatch, leaving the underlying causes unresolved. The simulated vegetation responds within decades to simulated climate changes, which agree with pollen-independent reconstructions. Thus, we can exclude climate biases as main driver for differences. Instead, the mismatch points at a multi-millennial disequilibrium of the NH forest biome to the climate signal. Therefore, the evaluation of time-slice simulations in strongly changing climates with pollen records should be critically reassessed. Our results imply that NH forests may be responding much slower to ongoing climate changes than Earth System Models predict. <br /> Deglacial forest expansion in the Northern Hemisphere poses a conundrum: Model results agree with the climate signal but are several millennia ahead of reconstructed forest dynamics. The underlying causes remain unsolved.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33646-6
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Publishing Group UK
CY  - [London]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Li, Chenzhi
A1  - Postl, Alexander K.
A1  - Böhmer, Thomas
A1  - Cao, Xianyong
A1  - Dolman, Andrew M.
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - Harmonized chronologies of a global late Quaternary pollen dataset (LegacyAge 1.0)
JF  - Earth system science data : ESSD
N2  - We present a chronology framework named LegacyAge 1.0 containing harmonized chronologies for 2831 pollen records (downloaded from the Neotoma Paleoecology Database and the supplementary Asian datasets) together with their age control points and metadata in machine-readable data formats.  
All chronologies use the Bayesian framework implemented in Bacon version 2.5.3. Optimal parameter settings of priors (accumulation.shape, memory.strength, memory.mean, accumulation.rate, and thickness) were identified based on information in the original publication or iteratively after preliminary model inspection. 
The most common control points for the chronologies are radiocarbon dates (86.1 %), calibrated by the latest calibration curves (IntCal20 and SHCal20 for the terrestrial radiocarbon dates in the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere and Marine20 for marine materials). 
The original publications were consulted when dealing with outliers and inconsistencies. Several major challenges when setting up the chronologies included the waterline issue (18.8% of records), reservoir effect (4.9 %), and sediment deposition discontinuity (4.4 %). 
Finally, we numerically compare the LegacyAge 1.0 chronologies to those published in the original publications and show that the reliability of the chronologies of 95.4% of records could be improved according to our assessment. 
Our chronology framework and revised chronologies provide the opportunity to make use of the ages and age uncertainties in synthesis studies of, for example, pollen-based vegetation and climate change. 
The LegacyAge 1.0 dataset, including metadata, datings, harmonized chronologies, and R code used, is openaccess and available at PANGAEA (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933132; Li et al., 2021) and Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5815192; Li et al., 2022), respectively.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1331-2022
SN  - 1866-3508
SN  - 1866-3516
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
SP  - 1331
EP  - 1343
PB  - Copernics Publications
CY  - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Courtin, Jérémy
A1  - Andreev, Andrei
A1  - Raschke, Elena
A1  - Bala, Sarah
A1  - Biskaborn, Boris
A1  - Liu, Sisi
A1  - Zimmermann, Heike
A1  - Diekmann, Bernhard
A1  - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R.
A1  - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - Vegetation changes in Southeastern Siberia during the late pleistocene and the holocene
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2  - Relationships between climate, species composition, and species richness are of particular importance for understanding how boreal ecosystems will respond to ongoing climate change. This study aims to reconstruct changes in terrestrial vegetation composition and taxa richness during the glacial Late Pleistocene and the interglacial Holocene in the sparsely studied southeastern Yakutia (Siberia) by using pollen and sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) records. Pollen and sedaDNA metabarcoding data using the trnL g and h markers were obtained from a sediment core from Lake Bolshoe Toko. Both proxies were used to reconstruct the vegetation composition, while metabarcoding data were also used to investigate changes in plant taxa richness. The combination of pollen and sedaDNA approaches allows a robust estimation of regional and local past terrestrial vegetation composition around Bolshoe Toko during the last similar to 35,000 years. Both proxies suggest that during the Late Pleistocene, southeastern Siberia was covered by open steppe-tundra dominated by graminoids and forbs with patches of shrubs, confirming that steppe-tundra extended far south in Siberia. Both proxies show disturbance at the transition between the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene suggesting a period with scarce vegetation, changes in the hydrochemical conditions in the lake, and in sedimentation rates. Both proxies document drastic changes in vegetation composition in the early Holocene with an increased number of trees and shrubs and the appearance of new tree taxa in the lake's vicinity. The sedaDNA method suggests that the Late Pleistocene steppe-tundra vegetation supported a higher number of terrestrial plant taxa than the forested Holocene. This could be explained, for example, by the "keystone herbivore" hypothesis, which suggests that Late Pleistocene megaherbivores were able to maintain a high plant diversity. This is discussed in the light of the data with the broadly accepted species-area hypothesis as steppe-tundra covered such an extensive area during the Late Pleistocene.
KW  - last glacial
KW  - Holocene
KW  - Lake Bolshoe Toko
KW  - paleoenvironments
KW  - sedimentary ancient DNA
KW  - metabarcoding
KW  - trnL
KW  - pollen
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.625096
SN  - 2296-701X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heim, Birgit
A1  - Lisovski, Simeon
A1  - Wieczorek, Mareike
A1  - Morgenstern, Anne
A1  - Juhls, Bennet
A1  - Shevtsova, Iuliia
A1  - Kruse, Stefan
A1  - Boike, Julia
A1  - Fedorova, Irina
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - Spring snow cover duration and tundra greenness in the Lena Delta, Siberia
BT  - two decades of MODIS satellite time series (2001-2021)
JF  - Environmental research letters
N2  - The Lena Delta in Siberia is the largest delta in the Arctic and as a snow-dominated ecosystem particularly vulnerable to climate change. 
Using the two decades of MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite acquisitions, this study investigates interannual and spatial variability of snow-cover duration and summer vegetation vitality in the Lena Delta. 

We approximated snow by the application of the normalized difference snow index and vegetation greenness by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). We consolidated the analyses by integrating reanalysis products on air temperature from 2001 to 2021, and air temperature, ground temperature, and the date of snow-melt from time-lapse camera (TLC) observations from the Samoylov observatory located in the central delta. 
We extracted spring snow-cover duration determined by a latitudinal gradient. The 'regular year' snow-melt is transgressing from mid-May to late May within a time window of 10 days across the delta. 
We calculated yearly deviations per grid cell for two defined regions, one for the delta, and one focusing on the central delta. We identified an ensemble of early snow-melt years from 2012 to 2014, with snow-melt already starting in early May, and two late snow-melt years in 2004 and 2017, with snow-melt starting in June. In the times of TLC recording, the years of early and late snow-melt were confirmed. 

In the three summers after early snow-melt, summer vegetation greenness showed neither positive nor negative deviations. Whereas, vegetation greenness was reduced in 2004 after late snow-melt together with the lowest June monthly air temperature of the time series record. Since 2005, vegetation greenness is rising, with maxima in 2018 and 2021. 
The NDVI rise since 2018 is preceded by up to 4 degrees C warmer than average June air temperature. The ongoing operation of satellite missions allows to monitor a wide range of land surface properties and processes that will provide urgently needed data in times when logistical challenges lead to data gaps in land-based observations in the rapidly changing Arctic.
KW  - Arctic vegetation
KW  - tundra
KW  - snow cover duration
KW  - NDVI
KW  - NDSI
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Lena Delta
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac8066
SN  - 1748-9326
VL  - 17
IS  - 8
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
A1  - Li, Chenzhi
A1  - Boehmer, Thomas
A1  - Postl, Alexander K.
A1  - Heim, Birgit
A1  - Andreev, Andrei A.
A1  - Cao, Xianyong
A1  - Wieczorek, Mareike
A1  - Ni, Jian
T1  - LegacyPollen 1.0
BT  - a taxonomically harmonized global late Quaternary pollen dataset of 2831 records with standardized chronologies
JF  - Earth system science data : ESSD
N2  - Here we describe the LegacyPollen 1.0, a dataset of 2831 fossil pollen records with metadata, a harmonized taxonomy, and standardized chronologies. 
A total of 1032 records originate from North America, 1075 from Europe, 488 from Asia, 150 from Latin America, 54 from Africa, and 32 from the Indo-Pacific. 

The pollen data cover the late Quaternary (mostly the Holocene). The original 10 110 pollen taxa names (including variations in the notations) were harmonized to 1002 terrestrial taxa (including Cyperaceae), with woody taxa and major herbaceous taxa harmonized to genus level and other herbaceous taxa to family level. 

The dataset is valuable for synthesis studies of, for example, taxa areal changes, vegetation dynamics, human impacts (e.g., deforestation), and climate change at global or continental scales. 

The harmonized pollen and metadata as well as the harmonization table are available from PANGAEA (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.929773; Herzschuh et al., 2021). R code for the harmonization is provided at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5910972; Herzschuh et al., 2022) so that datasets at a customized harmonization level can be easily established.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3213-2022
SN  - 1866-3508
SN  - 1866-3516
VL  - 14
IS  - 7
SP  - 3213
EP  - 3227
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weinelt, Ferdinand Anton
A1  - Stegemann, Miriam Songa
A1  - Theloe, Anja
A1  - Pfäfflin, Frieder
A1  - Achterberg, Stephan
A1  - Weber, Franz
A1  - Dübel, Lucas
A1  - Mikolajewska, Agata
A1  - Uhrig, Alexander
A1  - Kiessling, Peggy
A1  - Huisinga, Wilhelm
A1  - Michelet, Robin
A1  - Hennig, Stefanie
A1  - Kloft, Charlotte
T1  - Evaluation of a meropenem and piperacillin monitoring program in intensive care unit patients calls for the regular assessment of empirical targets and easy-to-use dosing decision tools
JF  - Antibiotics : open access journal
N2  - The drug concentrations targeted in meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam therapy also depend on the susceptibility of the pathogen. Yet, the pathogen is often unknown, and antibiotic therapy is guided by empirical targets. To reliably achieve the targeted concentrations, dosing needs to be adjusted for renal function. We aimed to evaluate a meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam monitoring program in intensive care unit (ICU) patients by assessing (i) the adequacy of locally selected empirical targets, (ii) if dosing is adequately adjusted for renal function and individual target, and (iii) if dosing is adjusted in target attainment (TA) failure. In a prospective, observational clinical trial of drug concentrations, relevant patient characteristics and microbiological data (pathogen, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)) for patients receiving meropenem or piperacillin/tazobactam treatment were collected. If the MIC value was available, a target range of 1-5 x MIC was selected for minimum drug concentrations of both drugs. If the MIC value was not available, 8-40 mg/L and 16-80 mg/L were selected as empirical target ranges for meropenem and piperacillin, respectively. A total of 356 meropenem and 216 piperacillin samples were collected from 108 and 96 ICU patients, respectively. The vast majority of observed MIC values was lower than the empirical target (meropenem: 90.0%, piperacillin: 93.9%), suggesting empirical target value reductions. TA was found to be low (meropenem: 35.7%, piperacillin 50.5%) with the lowest TA for severely impaired renal function (meropenem: 13.9%, piperacillin: 29.2%), and observed drug concentrations did not significantly differ between patients with different targets, indicating dosing was not adequately adjusted for renal function or target. Dosing adjustments were rare for both drugs (meropenem: 6.13%, piperacillin: 4.78%) and for meropenem irrespective of TA, revealing that concentration monitoring alone was insufficient to guide dosing adjustment. Empirical targets should regularly be assessed and adjusted based on local susceptibility data. To improve TA, scientific knowledge should be translated into easy-to-use dosing strategies guiding antibiotic dosing.
KW  - meropenem
KW  - piperacillin/tazobactam
KW  - antimicrobial stewardship
KW  - critically ill
KW  - antibiotics
KW  - pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060758
SN  - 2079-6382
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ehmann, Lisa
A1  - Zoller, Michael
A1  - Minichmayr, Iris K.
A1  - Scharf, Christina
A1  - Maier, Barbara
A1  - Schmitt, Maximilian V.
A1  - Hartung, Niklas
A1  - Huisinga, Wilhelm
A1  - Vogeser, Michael
A1  - Frey, Lorenz
A1  - Zander, Johannes
A1  - Kloft, Charlotte
T1  - Role of renal function in risk assessment of target non-attainment after standard dosing of meropenem in critically ill patients
BT  - a prospective observational study
JF  - Critical care
N2  - Background: Severe bacterial infections remain a major challenge in intensive care units because of their high prevalence and mortality. Adequate antibiotic exposure has been associated with clinical success in critically ill patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the target attainment of standard meropenem dosing in a heterogeneous critically ill population, to quantify the impact of the full renal function spectrum on meropenem exposure and target attainment, and ultimately to translate the findings into a tool for practical application. Methods: A prospective observational single-centre study was performed with critically ill patients with severe infections receiving standard dosing of meropenem. Serial blood samples were drawn over 4 study days to determine meropenem serum concentrations. Renal function was assessed by creatinine clearance according to the Cockcroft and Gault equation (CLCRCG). Variability in meropenem serum concentrations was quantified at the middle and end of each monitored dosing interval. The attainment of two pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets (100% T->MIC, 50% T->4xMIC) was evaluated for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 2 mg/L and 8 mg/L and standard meropenem dosing (1000 mg, 30-minute infusion, every 8 h). Furthermore, we assessed the impact of CLCRCG on meropenem concentrations and target attainment and developed a tool for risk assessment of target non-attainment. Results: Large inter-and intra-patient variability in meropenem concentrations was observed in the critically ill population (n = 48). Attainment of the target 100% T->MIC was merely 48.4% and 20.6%, given MIC values of 2 mg/L and 8 mg/L, respectively, and similar for the target 50% T->4xMIC. A hyperbolic relationship between CLCRCG (25-255 ml/minute) and meropenem serum concentrations at the end of the dosing interval (C-8h) was derived. For infections with pathogens of MIC 2 mg/L, mild renal impairment up to augmented renal function was identified as a risk factor for target non-attainment (for MIC 8 mg/L, additionally, moderate renal impairment). Conclusions: The investigated standard meropenem dosing regimen appeared to result in insufficient meropenem exposure in a considerable fraction of critically ill patients. An easy-and free-to-use tool (the MeroRisk Calculator) for assessing the risk of target non-attainment for a given renal function and MIC value was developed.
KW  - beta-Lactam
KW  - Intensive care
KW  - Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics
KW  - Target attainment
KW  - Renal function
KW  - Risk assessment tool
KW  - Continuous renal replacement therapy
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-017-1829-4
SN  - 1466-609X
SN  - 1364-8535
VL  - 21
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stachanow, Viktoria
A1  - Neumann, Uta
A1  - Blankenstein, Oliver
A1  - Bindellini, Davide
A1  - Melin, Johanna
A1  - Ross, Richard
A1  - Whitaker, Martin J. J.
A1  - Huisinga, Wilhelm
A1  - Michelet, Robin
A1  - Kloft, Charlotte
T1  - Exploring dried blood spot cortisol concentrations as an alternative for monitoring pediatric adrenal insufficiency patients
BT  - a model-based analysis
JF  - Frontiers in pharmacology
N2  - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is the most common form of adrenal insufficiency in childhood; it requires cortisol replacement therapy with hydrocortisone (HC, synthetic cortisol) from birth and therapy monitoring for successful treatment. In children, the less invasive dried blood spot (DBS) sampling with whole blood including red blood cells (RBCs) provides an advantageous alternative to plasma sampling. 

Potential differences in binding/association processes between plasma and DBS however need to be considered to correctly interpret DBS measurements for therapy monitoring. While capillary DBS samples would be used in clinical practice, venous cortisol DBS samples from children with adrenal insufficiency were analyzed due to data availability and to directly compare and thus understand potential differences between venous DBS and plasma. A previously published HC plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) model was extended by leveraging these DBS concentrations. 

In addition to previously characterized binding of cortisol to albumin (linear process) and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG; saturable process), DBS data enabled the characterization of a linear cortisol association with RBCs, and thereby providing a quantitative link between DBS and plasma cortisol concentrations. The ratio between the observed cortisol plasma and DBS concentrations varies highly from 2 to 8. Deterministic simulations of the different cortisol binding/association fractions demonstrated that with higher blood cortisol concentrations, saturation of cortisol binding to CBG was observed, leading to an increase in all other cortisol binding fractions. 

In conclusion, a mathematical PK model was developed which links DBS measurements to plasma exposure and thus allows for quantitative interpretation of measurements of DBS samples.
KW  - adrenal insufficiency
KW  - cortisol
KW  - dried blood spots
KW  - pediatrics
KW  - pharmacokinetics
KW  - binding
KW  - association
KW  - red blood cells
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.819590
SN  - 1663-9812
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abiuso, Paolo
A1  - Holubec, Viktor
A1  - Anders, Janet
A1  - Ye, Zhuolin
A1  - Cerisola, Federico
A1  - Perarnau-Llobet, Marti
T1  - Thermodynamics and optimal protocols of multidimensional quadratic Brownian systems
JF  - Journal of physics communications
N2  - We characterize finite-time thermodynamic processes of multidimensional quadratic overdamped systems. 
Analytic expressions are provided for heat, work, and dissipation for any evolution of the system covariance matrix. 
The Bures-Wasserstein metric between covariance matrices naturally emerges as the local quantifier of dissipation. 
General principles of how to apply these geometric tools to identify optimal protocols are discussed. 
Focusing on the relevant slow-driving limit, we show how these results can be used to analyze cases in which the experimental control over the system is partial.
KW  - stochastic thermodynamics
KW  - thermodynamic control
KW  - thermodynamic length
KW  - overdamped brownian systems
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ac72f8
SN  - 2399-6528
VL  - 6
IS  - 6
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Glückler, Ramesh
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
A1  - Kruse, Stefan
A1  - Andreev, Andrei
A1  - Vyse, Stuart Andrew
A1  - Winkler, Bettina
A1  - Biskaborn, Boris
A1  - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna
A1  - Dietze, Elisabeth
T1  - Wildfire history of the boreal forest of south-western Yakutia (Siberia) over the last two millennia documented by a lake-sediment charcoal record
JF  - Biogeosciences : BG / European Geosciences Union
N2  - Wildfires, as a key disturbance in forest ecosystems, are shaping the world's boreal landscapes. Changes in fire regimes are closely linked to a wide array of environmental factors, such as vegetation composition, climate change, and human activity. Arctic and boreal regions and, in particular, Siberian boreal forests are experiencing rising air and ground temperatures with the subsequent degradation of permafrost soils leading to shifts in tree cover and species composition. Compared to the boreal zones of North America or Europe, little is known about how such environmental changes might influence long-term fire regimes in Russia. The larch-dominated eastern Siberian deciduous boreal forests differ markedly from the composition of other boreal forests, yet data about past fire regimes remain sparse. Here, we present a high-resolution macroscopic charcoal record from lacustrine sediments of Lake Khamra (southwest Yakutia, Siberia) spanning the last ca. 2200 years, including information about charcoal particle sizes and morphotypes. Our results reveal a phase of increased charcoal accumulation between 600 and 900 CE, indicative of relatively high amounts of burnt biomass and high fire frequencies. This is followed by an almost 900-year-long period of low charcoal accumulation without significant peaks likely corresponding to cooler climate conditions. After 1750 CE fire frequencies and the relative amount of biomass burnt start to increase again, coinciding with a warming climate and increased anthropogenic land development after Russian colonization. In the 20th century, total charcoal accumulation decreases again to very low levels despite higher fire frequency, potentially reflecting a change in fire management strategies and/or a shift of the fire regime towards more frequent but smaller fires. A similar pattern for different charcoal morphotypes and comparison to a pollen and non-pollen palynomorph (NPP) record from the same sediment core indicate that broad-scale changes in vegetation composition were probably not a major driver of recorded fire regime changes. Instead, the fire regime of the last two millennia at Lake Khamra seems to be controlled mainly by a combination of short-term climate variability and anthropogenic fire ignition and suppression.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4185-2021
SN  - 1726-4170
SN  - 1726-4189
VL  - 18
IS  - 13
SP  - 4185
EP  - 4209
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Glückler, Ramesh
A1  - Geng, Rongwei
A1  - Grimm, Lennart
A1  - Baisheva, Izabella
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
A1  - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R.
A1  - Kruse, Stefan
A1  - Andreev, Andrej Aleksandrovic
A1  - Pestryakova, Luidmila
A1  - Dietze, Elisabeth
T1  - Holocene wildfire and vegetation dynamics in Central Yakutia, Siberia, reconstructed from lake-sediment proxies
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2  - Wildfires play an essential role in the ecology of boreal forests. 
In eastern Siberia, fire activity has been increasing in recent years, challenging the livelihoods of local communities. Intensifying fire regimes also increase disturbance pressure on the boreal forests, which currently protect the permafrost beneath from accelerated degradation. 

However, long-term relationships between changes in fire regime and forest structure remain largely unknown. 
We assess past fire-vegetation feedbacks using sedimentary proxy records from Lake Satagay, Central Yakutia, Siberia, covering the past c. 10,800 years. 

Results from macroscopic and microscopic charcoal analyses indicate high amounts of burnt biomass during the Early Holocene, and that the present-day, low-severity surface fire regime has been in place since c. 4,500 years before present. 
A pollen-based quantitative reconstruction of vegetation cover and a terrestrial plant record based on sedimentary ancient DNA metabarcoding suggest a pronounced shift in forest structure toward the Late Holocene. 

Whereas the Early Holocene was characterized by postglacial open larch-birch woodlands, forest structure changed toward the modern, mixed larch-dominated closed-canopy forest during the Mid-Holocene. 

We propose a potential relationship between open woodlands and high amounts of burnt biomass, as well as a mediating effect of dense larch forest on the climate-driven intensification of fire regimes. 
Considering the anticipated increase in forest disturbances (droughts, insect invasions, and wildfires), higher tree mortality may force the modern state of the forest to shift toward an open woodland state comparable to the Early Holocene. 
Such a shift in forest structure may result in a positive feedback on currently intensifying wildfires. 

These new long-term data improve our understanding of millennial-scale fire regime changes and their relationships to changes of vegetation in Central Yakutia, where the local population is already being confronted with intensifying wildfire seasons.
KW  - fire
KW  - larch
KW  - boreal
KW  - forest
KW  - Russia
KW  - charcoal
KW  - pollen
KW  - ancient DNA
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.962906
SN  - 2296-701X
VL  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lehmann, Nico
A1  - Kuhn, Yves-Alain
A1  - Keller, Martin
A1  - Aye, Norman
A1  - Herold, Fabian
A1  - Draganski, Bogdan
A1  - Taube, Wolfgang
A1  - Taubert, Marco
T1  - Brain activation during active balancing and its behavioral relevance in younger and older adults
BT  - a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study
JF  - Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
N2  - Age-related deterioration of balance control is widely regarded as an important phenomenon influencing quality of life and longevity, such that a more comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying this process is warranted.

Specifically, previous studies have reported that older adults typically show higher neural activity during balancing as compared to younger counterparts, but the implications of this finding on balance performance remain largely unclear. 
Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), differences in the cortical control of balance between healthy younger (n = 27) and older (n = 35) adults were explored. 

More specifically, the association between cortical functional activity and balance performance across and within age groups was investigated. To this end, we measured hemodynamic responses (i.e., changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin) while participants balanced on an unstable device. 
As criterion variables for brain-behavior-correlations, we also assessed postural sway while standing on a free-swinging platform and while balancing on wobble boards with different levels of difficulty. 

We found that older compared to younger participants had higher activity in prefrontal and lower activity in postcentral regions. 
Subsequent robust regression analyses revealed that lower prefrontal brain activity was related to improved balance performance across age groups, indicating that higher activity of the prefrontal cortex during balancing reflects neural inefficiency. 

We also present evidence supporting that age serves as a moderator in the relationship between brain activity and balance, i.e., cortical hemodynamics generally appears to be a more important predictor of balance performance in the older than in the younger. Strikingly, we found that age differences in balance performance are mediated by balancing-induced activation of the superior frontal gyrus, thus suggesting that differential activation of this region reflects a mechanism involved in the aging process of the neural control of balance. 

Our study suggests that differences in functional brain activity between age groups are not a mere by-product of aging, but instead of direct behavioral relevance for balance performance. 
Potential implications of these findings in terms of early detection of fall-prone individuals and intervention strategies targeting balance and healthy aging are discussed.
KW  - aging
KW  - neuroimaging
KW  - functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)
KW  - balance
KW  - postural control
KW  - prefrontal cortex
KW  - neural inefficiency
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.828474
SN  - 1663-4365
VL  - 14
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Inceoglu, Fadil
A1  - Shprits, Yuri Y.
A1  - Heinemann, Stephan G.
A1  - Bianco, Stefano
T1  - Identification of coronal holes on AIA/SDO images using unsupervised machine learning
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - Through its magnetic activity, the Sun governs the conditions in Earth's vicinity, creating space weather events, which have drastic effects on our space- and ground-based technology. 
One of the most important solar magnetic features creating the space weather is the solar wind that originates from the coronal holes (CHs). 
The identification of the CHs on the Sun as one of the source regions of the solar wind is therefore crucial to achieve predictive capabilities. 

In this study, we used an unsupervised machine-learning method, k-means, to pixel-wise cluster the passband images of the Sun taken by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on the Solar Dynamics Observatory in 171, 193, and 211 angstrom in different combinations. 

Our results show that the pixel-wise k-means clustering together with systematic pre- and postprocessing steps provides compatible results with those from complex methods, such as convolutional neural networks. 
More importantly, our study shows that there is a need for a CH database where a consensus about the CH boundaries is reached by observers independently. 
This database then can be used as the "ground truth," when using a supervised method or just to evaluate the goodness of the models.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac5f43
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 930
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Huang, Sichao
A1  - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R.
A1  - Liu, Sisi
A1  - Courtin, Jeremy
A1  - Andreev, Andrej A.
A1  - Pestryakova, Luidmila. A.
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - Plant sedimentary ancient DNA from Far East Russia covering the last 28,000 years reveals different assembly rules in cold and warm climates
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2  - Woody plants are expanding into the Arctic in response to the warming climate. The impact on arctic plant communities is not well understood due to the limited knowledge about plant assembly rules. 
Records of past plant diversity over long time series are rare. Here, we applied sedimentary ancient DNA metabarcoding targeting the P6 loop of the chloroplast trnL gene to a sediment record from Lake Ilirney (central Chukotka, Far Eastern Russia) covering the last 28 thousand years. 

Our results show that forb-rich steppe-tundra and dwarf-shrub tundra dominated during the cold climate before 14 ka, while deciduous erect-shrub tundra was abundant during the warm period since 14 ka. Larix invasion during the late Holocene substantially lagged behind the likely warmest period between 10 and 6 ka, where the vegetation biomass could be highest. 

We reveal highest richness during 28-23 ka and a second richness peak during 13-9 ka, with both periods being accompanied by low relative abundance of shrubs. During the cold period before 14 ka, rich plant assemblages were phylogenetically clustered, suggesting low genetic divergence in the assemblages despite the great number of species. This probably originates from environmental filtering along with niche differentiation due to limited resources under harsh environmental conditions. In contrast, during the warmer period after 14 ka, rich plant assemblages were phylogenetically overdispersed. 

This results from a high number of species which were found to harbor high genetic divergence, likely originating from an erratic recruitment process in the course of warming. Some of our evidence may be of relevance for inferring future arctic plant assembly rules and diversity changes. By analogy to the past, we expect a lagged response of tree invasion. Plant richness might overshoot in the short term; in the long-term, however, the ongoing expansion of deciduous shrubs will eventually result in a phylogenetically more diverse community.
KW  - sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA)
KW  - metabarcoding
KW  - phylogenetic and taxonomic plant diversity
KW  - Arctic Russia
KW  - Siberia
KW  - holocene
KW  - glacial
KW  - treeline
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.763747
SN  - 2296-701X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Drozdov, Alexander
A1  - Allison, Hayley J.
A1  - Shprits, Yuri Y.
A1  - Usanova, Maria E.
A1  - Saikin, Anthony
A1  - Wang, Dedong
T1  - Depletions of Multi-MeV Electrons and their association to Minima in Phase Space Density
JF  - Geophysical research letters
N2  - Fast-localized electron loss, resulting from interactions with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, can produce deepening minima in phase space density (PSD) radial profiles. Here, we perform a statistical analysis of local PSD minima to quantify how readily these are associated with radiation belt depletions. The statistics of PSD minima observed over a year are compared to the Versatile Electron Radiation Belts (VERB) simulations, both including and excluding EMIC waves. The observed minima distribution can only be achieved in the simulation including EMIC waves, indicating their importance in the dynamics of the radiation belts. By analyzing electron flux depletions in conjunction with the observed PSD minima, we show that, in the heart of the outer radiation belt (L* < 5), on average, 53% of multi-MeV electron depletions are associated with PSD minima, demonstrating that fast localized loss by interactions with EMIC waves are a common and crucial process for ultra-relativistic electron populations.
KW  - radiation belts
KW  - EMIC
KW  - VERB
KW  - PSD
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097620
SN  - 0094-8276
SN  - 1944-8007
VL  - 49
IS  - 8
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Steirou, Eva
A1  - Gerlitz, Lars
A1  - Sun, Xun
A1  - Apel, Heiko
A1  - Agarwal, Ankit
A1  - Totz, Sonja Juliana
A1  - Merz, Bruno
T1  - Towards seasonal forecasting of flood probabilities in Europe using climate and catchment information
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - We investigate whether the distribution of maximum seasonal streamflow is significantly affected by catchment or climate state of the season/month ahead. We fit the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution to extreme seasonal streamflow for around 600 stations across Europe by conditioning the GEV location and scale parameters on 14 indices, which represent the season-ahead climate or catchment state. The comparison of these climate-informed models with the classical GEV distribution, with time-constant parameters, suggests that there is a substantial potential for seasonal forecasting of flood probabilities. The potential varies between seasons and regions. Overall, the season-ahead catchment wetness shows the highest potential, although climate indices based on large-scale atmospheric circulation, sea surface temperature or sea ice concentration also show some skill for certain regions and seasons. Spatially coherent patterns and a substantial fraction of climate-informed models are promising signs towards early alerts to increase flood preparedness already a season ahead.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16633-1
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature portfolio
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rothe, Martin
A1  - Zhao, Yuhang
A1  - Kewes, Günter
A1  - Kochovski, Zdravko
A1  - Sigle, Wilfried
A1  - van Aken, Peter A.
A1  - Koch, Christoph
A1  - Ballauff, Matthias
A1  - Lu, Yan
A1  - Benson, Oliver
T1  - Silver nanowires with optimized silica coating as versatile plasmonic resonators
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - Metal nanoparticles are the most frequently used nanostructures in plasmonics. However, besides nanoparticles, metal nanowires feature several advantages for applications. Their elongation offers a larger interaction volume, their resonances can reach higher quality factors, and their mode structure provides better coupling into integrated hybrid dielectric-plasmonic circuits. It is crucial though, to control the distance of the wire to a supporting substrate, to another metal layer or to active materials with sub-nanometer precision. A dielectric coating can be utilized for distance control, but it must not degrade the plasmonic properties. In this paper, we introduce a controlled synthesis and coating approach for silver nanowires to fulfill these demands. We synthesize and characterize silver nanowires of around 70 nm in diameter. These nanowires are coated with nm-sized silica shells using a modified Stober method to achieve a homogeneous and smooth surface quality. We use transmission electron microscopy, dark-field microscopy and electron-energy loss spectroscopy to study morphology and plasmonic resonances of individual nanowires and quantify the influence of the silica coating. Thorough numerical simulations support the experimental findings showing that the coating does not deteriorate the plasmonic properties and thus introduce silver nanowires as usable building blocks for integrated hybrid plasmonic systems.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40380-5
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 9
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - de Gelder, Gino
A1  - Fernandez-Blanco, David
A1  - Melnick, Daniel
A1  - Duclaux, Guillaume
A1  - Bell, Rebecca E.
A1  - Jara Muñoz, Julius
A1  - Armijo, Rolando
A1  - Lacassin, Robin
T1  - Lithospheric flexure and rheology determined by climate cycle markers in the Corinth Rift
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - Geomorphic strain markers accumulating the effects of many earthquake cycles help to constrain the mechanical behaviour of continental rift systems as well as the related seismic hazards. In the Corinth Rift (Greece), the unique record of onshore and offshore markers of Pleistocene similar to 100-ka climate cycles provides an outstanding possibility to constrain rift mechanics over a range of timescales. Here we use high-resolution topography to analyse the 3D geometry of a sequence of Pleistocene emerged marine terraces associated with flexural rift-flank uplift. We integrate this onshore dataset with offshore seismic data to provide a synoptic view of the flexural deformation across the rift. This allows us to derive an average slip rate of 4.5-9.0 mm.yr(-1) on the master fault over the past similar to 610 ka and an uplift/ subsidence ratio of 1:1.1-2.4. We reproduce the observed flexure patterns, using 3 and 5-layered lithospheric scale finite element models. Modelling results imply that the observed elastic flexure is produced by coseismic slip along 40-60 degrees planar normal faults in the elastic upper crust, followed by postseismic viscous relaxation occurring within the basal lower crust or upper mantle. We suggest that such a mechanism may typify rapid localised extension of continental lithosphere.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36377-1
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 9
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Freisleben, Roland
A1  - Jara Muñoz, Julius
A1  - Melnick, Daniel
A1  - Miguel Martinez, Jose
A1  - Strecker, Manfred
T1  - Marine terraces of the last interglacial period along the Pacific coast of South America (1 degrees N-40 degrees S)
JF  - Earth system science data : ESSD
N2  - Tectonically active coasts are dynamic environments characterized by the presence of multiple marine terraces formed by the combined effects of wave erosion, tectonic uplift, and sea-level oscillations at glacialcycle timescales. Well-preserved erosional terraces from the last interglacial sea-level highstand are ideal marker horizons for reconstructing past sea-level positions and calculating vertical displacement rates. We carried out an almost continuous mapping of the last interglacial marine terrace along similar to 5000 km of the western coast of South America between 1 degrees N and 40 degrees S. We used quantitatively replicable approaches constrained by published terrace-age estimates to ultimately compare elevations and patterns of uplifted terraces with tectonic and climatic parameters in order to evaluate the controlling mechanisms for the formation and preservation of marine terraces and crustal deformation. Uncertainties were estimated on the basis of measurement errors and the distance from referencing points. Overall, our results indicate a median elevation of 30.1 m, which would imply a median uplift rate of 0.22 m kyr(-1) averaged over the past similar to 125 kyr. The patterns of terrace elevation and uplift rate display high-amplitude (similar to 100-200 m) and long-wavelength (similar to 10(2) km) structures at the Manta Peninsula (Ecuador), the San Juan de Marcona area (central Peru), and the Arauco Peninsula (south-central Chile). Medium-wavelength structures occur at the Mejillones Peninsula and Topocalma in Chile, while short-wavelength (< 10 km) features are for instance located near Los Vilos, Valparaiso, and Carranza, Chile. We interpret the long-wavelength deformation to be controlled by deep-seated processes at the plate interface such as the subduction of major bathymetric anomalies like the Nazca and Carnegie ridges. In contrast, short-wavelength deformation may be primarily controlled by sources in the upper plate such as crustal faulting, which, however, may also be associated with the subduction of topographically less pronounced bathymetric anomalies. Latitudinal differences in climate additionally control the formation and preservation of marine terraces. Based on our synopsis we propose that increasing wave height and tidal range result in enhanced erosion and morphologically well-defined marine terraces in south-central Chile. Our study emphasizes the importance of using systematic measurements and uniform, quantitative methodologies to characterize and correctly interpret marine terraces at regional scales, especially if they are used to unravel the tectonic and climatic forcing mechanisms of their formation. This database is an integral part of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS), published online at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4309748 (Freisleben et al., 2020).
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2487-2021
SN  - 1866-3508
SN  - 1866-3516
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
SP  - 2487
EP  - 2513
PB  - Copernics Publications
CY  - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Adolfs, Marjolijn
A1  - Hoque, Mohammed Mainul
A1  - Shprits, Yuri Y.
T1  - Storm-time relative total electron content modelling using machine learning techniques
JF  - Remote sensing
N2  - Accurately predicting total electron content (TEC) during geomagnetic storms is still a challenging task for ionospheric models. In this work, a neural-network (NN)-based model is proposed which predicts relative TEC with respect to the preceding 27-day median TEC, during storm time for the European region (with longitudes 30 degrees W-50 degrees E and latitudes 32.5 degrees N-70 degrees N). The 27-day median TEC (referred to as median TEC), latitude, longitude, universal time, storm time, solar radio flux index F10.7, global storm index SYM-H and geomagnetic activity index Hp30 are used as inputs and the output of the network is the relative TEC. The relative TEC can be converted to the actual TEC knowing the median TEC. The median TEC is calculated at each grid point over the European region considering data from the last 27 days before the storm using global ionosphere maps (GIMs) from international GNSS service (IGS) sources. A storm event is defined when the storm time disturbance index Dst drops below 50 nanotesla. The model was trained with storm-time relative TEC data from the time period of 1998 until 2019 (2015 is excluded) and contains 365 storms. Unseen storm data from 33 storm events during 2015 and 2020 were used to test the model. The UQRG GIMs were used because of their high temporal resolution (15 min) compared to other products from different analysis centers. The NN-based model predictions show the seasonal behavior of the storms including positive and negative storm phases during winter and summer, respectively, and show a mixture of both phases during equinoxes. The model's performance was also compared with the Neustrelitz TEC model (NTCM) and the NN-based quiet-time TEC model, both developed at the German Aerospace Agency (DLR). The storm model has a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 3.38 TEC units (TECU), which is an improvement by 1.87 TECU compared to the NTCM, where an RMSE of 5.25 TECU was found. This improvement corresponds to a performance increase by 35.6%. The storm-time model outperforms the quiet-time model by 1.34 TECU, which corresponds to a performance increase by 28.4% from 4.72 to 3.38 TECU. The quiet-time model was trained with Carrington averaged TEC and, therefore, is ideal to be used as an input instead of the GIM derived 27-day median. We found an improvement by 0.8 TECU which corresponds to a performance increase by 17% from 4.72 to 3.92 TECU for the storm-time model using the quiet-time-model predicted TEC as an input compared to solely using the quiet-time model.
KW  - ionosphere
KW  - relative total electron content
KW  - geomagnetic storms
KW  - neural
KW  - networks
KW  - NTCM
KW  - European storm-time model
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236155
SN  - 2072-4292
VL  - 14
IS  - 23
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Smirnov, Artem
A1  - Berrendorf, Max
A1  - Shprits, Yuri Y.
A1  - Kronberg, Elena A.
A1  - Allison, Hayley J.
A1  - Aseev, Nikita
A1  - Zhelavskaya, Irina
A1  - Morley, Steven K.
A1  - Reeves, Geoffrey D.
A1  - Carver, Matthew R.
A1  - Effenberger, Frederic
T1  - Medium energy electron flux in earth's outer radiation
belt (MERLIN)
BT  - a Machine learning model
JF  - Space weather : the international journal of research and applications
N2  - The radiation belts of the Earth, filled with energetic electrons, comprise complex and dynamic systems that pose a significant threat to satellite operation. While various models of electron flux both for low and relativistic energies have been developed, the behavior of medium energy (120-600 keV) electrons, especially in the MEO region, remains poorly quantified. At these energies, electrons are driven by both convective and diffusive transport, and their prediction usually requires sophisticated 4D modeling codes. In this paper, we present an alternative approach using the Light Gradient Boosting (LightGBM) machine learning algorithm. The Medium Energy electRon fLux In Earth's outer radiatioN belt (MERLIN) model takes as input the satellite position, a combination of geomagnetic indices and solar wind parameters including the time history of velocity, and does not use persistence. MERLIN is trained on >15 years of the GPS electron flux data and tested on more than 1.5 years of measurements. Tenfold cross validation yields that the model predicts the MEO radiation environment well, both in terms of dynamics and amplitudes o f flux. Evaluation on the test set shows high correlation between the predicted and observed electron flux (0.8) and low values of absolute error. The MERLIN model can have wide space weather applications, providing information for the scientific community in the form of radiation belts reconstructions, as well as industry for satellite mission design, nowcast of the MEO environment, and surface charging analysis.
KW  - machine learning
KW  - radiation belts
KW  - electron flux
KW  - empirical modeling
KW  - magnetosphere
KW  - electrons
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002532
SN  - 1542-7390
VL  - 18
IS  - 11
PB  - American geophysical union, AGU
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Smirnov, Artem
A1  - Shprits, Yuri Y.
A1  - Allison, Hayley
A1  - Aseev, Nikita
A1  - Drozdov, Alexander
A1  - Kollmann, Peter
A1  - Wang, Dedong
A1  - Saikin, Anthony
T1  - Storm-Time evolution of the Equatorial Electron Pitch Angle Distributions in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt
JF  - Frontiers in astronomy and space sciences
N2  - In this study we analyze the storm-time evolution of equatorial electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) in the outer radiation belt region using observations from the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) instrument aboard the Van Allen Probes in 2012-2019. The PADs are approximated using a sum of the first, third and fifth sine harmonics. Different combinations of the respective coefficients refer to the main PAD shapes within the outer radiation belt, namely the pancake, flat-top, butterfly and cap PADs. We conduct a superposed epoch analysis of 129 geomagnetic storms and analyze the PAD evolution for day and night MLT sectors. PAD shapes exhibit a strong energy-dependent response. At energies of tens of keV, the PADs exhibit little variation throughout geomagnetic storms. Cap PADs are mainly observed at energies < 300 keV, and their extent in L shrinks with increasing energy. The cap distributions transform into the pancake PADs around the main phase of the storm on the nightside, and then come back to their original shapes during the recovery phase. At higher energies on the dayside, the PADs are mainly pancake during pre-storm conditions and become more anisotropic during the main phase. The quiet-time butterfly PADs can be observed on the nightside at L> 5.6. During the main phase, butterfly PADs have stronger 90 degrees-minima and can be observed at lower L-shells (down to L = 5), then transitioning into flat-top PADs at L similar to 4.5 - 5 and pancake PADs at L < 4.5. The resulting PAD coefficients for different energies, locations and storm epochs can be used to test the wave models and physics-based radiation belt codes in terms of pitch angle distributions.
KW  - pitch angle
KW  - pitch angle distributions
KW  - electrons
KW  - radiation belts
KW  - magnetosphere
KW  - van alien probes
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.836811
SN  - 2296-987X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kühn, Danilo
A1  - Müller, Moritz
A1  - Sorgenfrei, Nomi
A1  - Giangrisostomi, Erika
A1  - Jay, Raphael Martin
A1  - Ovsyannikov, Ruslan
A1  - Martensson, Nils
A1  - Sanchez-Portal, Daniel
A1  - Föhlisch, Alexander
T1  - Directional sub-femtosecond charge transfer dynamics and the dimensionality of 1T-TaS2
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - For the layered transition metal dichalcogenide 1T-TaS2, we establish through a unique experimental approach and density functional theory, how ultrafast charge transfer in 1T-TaS2 takes on isotropic three-dimensional character or anisotropic two-dimensional character, depending on the commensurability of the charge density wave phases of 1T-TaS2. The X-ray spectroscopic core-hole-clock method prepares selectively in-and out-of-plane polarized sulfur 3p orbital occupation with respect to the 1T-TaS2 planes and monitors sub-femtosecond wave packet delocalization. Despite being a prototypical two-dimensional material, isotropic three-dimensional charge transfer is found in the commensurate charge density wave phase (CCDW), indicating strong coupling between layers. In contrast, anisotropic two-dimensional charge transfer occurs for the nearly commensurate phase (NCDW). In direct comparison, theory shows that interlayer interaction in the CCDW phase - not layer stacking variations - causes isotropic three-dimensional charge transfer. This is presumably a general mechanism for phase transitions and tailored properties of dichalcogenides with charge density waves.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36637-0
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 9
IS  - 488
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Woodfield, Emma E.
A1  - Horne, Richard B.
A1  - Glauert, S. A.
A1  - Menietti, J. D.
A1  - Shprits, Yuri Y.
A1  - Kurth, William S.
T1  - Formation of electron radiation belts at Saturn by Z-mode wave acceleration
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - At Saturn electrons are trapped in the planet’s magnetic field and accelerated to relativistic energies to form the radiation belts, but how this dramatic increase in electron energy occurs is still unknown. Until now the mechanism of radial diffusion has been assumed but we show here that in-situ acceleration through wave particle interactions, which initial studies dismissed as ineffectual at Saturn, is in fact a vital part of the energetic particle dynamics there. We present evidence from numerical simulations based on Cassini spacecraft data that a particular plasma wave, known as Z-mode, accelerates electrons to MeV energies inside 4 RS (1 RS = 60,330 km) through a Doppler shifted cyclotron resonant interaction. Our results show that the Z-mode waves observed are not oblique as previously assumed and are much better accelerators than O-mode waves, resulting in an electron energy spectrum that closely approaches observed values without any transport effects included.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07549-4
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 9
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jara Muñoz, Julius
A1  - Melnick, Daniel
A1  - Pedoja, Kevin
A1  - Strecker, Manfred
T1  - TerraceM-2: A MatlabR (R) Interface for Mapping and Modeling Marine and Lacustrine Terraces
JF  - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2  - The morphology of marine and lacustrine terraces has been largely used to measure past sea- and lake-level positions and estimate vertical deformation in a wealth of studies focused on climate and tectonic processes. To obtain accurate morphometric assessments of terrace morphology we present TerraceM-2, an improved version of our MatlabR (R) graphic-user interface that provides new methodologies for morphometric analyses as well as landscape evolution and fault-dislocation modeling. The new version includes novel routines to map the elevation and spatial distribution of terraces, to model their formation and evolution, and to estimate fault-slip rates from terrace deformation patterns. TerraceM-2 has significantly improves its processing speed and mapping capabilities, and includes separate functions for developing customized workflows beyond the graphic-user interface. We illustrate these new mapping and modeling capabilities with three examples: mapping lacustrine shorelines in the Dead Sea to estimate deformation across the Dead Sea Fault, landscape evolution modeling to estimate a history of uplift rates in southern Peru, and dislocation modeling of deformed marine terraces in California. These examples also illustrate the need to use topographic data of different resolutions. The new modeling and mapping routines of TerraceM-2 highlight the advantages of an integrated joint mapping and modeling approach to improve the efficiency and precision of coastal terrace metrics in both marine and lacustrine environments.
KW  - TerraceM
KW  - marine terraces
KW  - tectonic geomorphology
KW  - geomorphic markers
KW  - LiDAR
KW  - coastal geomorphology
KW  - neotectonics
KW  - morphometry
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00255
SN  - 2296-6463
VL  - 7
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kühn, Danilo
A1  - Giangrisostomi, Erika
A1  - Jay, Raphael Martin
A1  - Sorgenfrei, Nomi
A1  - Föhlisch, Alexander
T1  - The influence of x-ray pulse length on space-charge effects in optical pump/x-ray probe photoemission
JF  - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics
N2  - Pump-probe photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a versatile tool to investigate the dynamics of transient states of excited matter. Vacuum space-charge effects can mask these dynamics and complicate the interpretation of electron spectra. Here we report on space-charge effects in Au 4f photoemission from a polycrystalline gold surface, excited with moderately intense 90 ps (FWHM) soft x-ray probe pulses, under the influence of the Coulomb forces exerted by a pump electron cloud, which was produced by intense 40 fs laser pulses. The experimentally observed kinetic energy shift and spectral broadening of the Au 4f lines, measured with highly-efficient time-of-flight spectroscopy, are in good agreement with simulations utilizing a mean-field model of the electrostatic pump electron potential. This confirms that the line broadening is predominantly caused by variations in the take-off time of the probe electrons without appreciable influence of local scattering events. Our findings might be of general interest for pump-probe PES with picosecond-pulse-length sources.
KW  - space-charge effects
KW  - mean-field model
KW  - x-ray photoemission
KW  - electron spectroscopy
KW  - pump-probe
KW  - ARTOF
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ab2f5c
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 21
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Busch, Aglaja
A1  - Bangerter, Christian
A1  - Mayer, Frank
A1  - Baur, Heiner
T1  - Reliability of the active knee joint position sense test and influence of limb dominance and sex
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - The output of a sensorimotor performance can be measured with the joint position sense (JPS) test. However, investigations of leg dominance, sex and quality measures on this test are limited. Therefore, these potential influencing factors as well as reliability and consistency measures were evaluated for angular reproduction performance and neuromuscular activity during the active knee JPS test in healthy participants. Twenty healthy participants (10 males; 10 females; age 29 +/- 8 years; height 165 +/- 39 cm; body mass 69 +/- 13 kg) performed a seated knee JPS test with a target angle of 50 degrees. Measurements were conducted in two sessions separated by two weeks and consisted of two blocks of continuous angular reproduction (three minutes each block). The difference between reproduced and target angle was identified as angular error measured by an electrogoniometer. During reproduction, the neuromuscular activity of the quadriceps muscle was assessed by surface electromyography. Neuromuscular activity was normalized to submaximal voluntary contraction (subMVC) and displayed per muscle and movement phase. Differences between leg dominance and sex were calculated using Friedman-test (alpha = 0.05). Reliability measures including intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman analysis (bias +/- limits of agreement (LoA)) and minimal detectable change (MDC) were analysed. No significant differences between leg dominance and sex were found in angular error and neuromuscular activity. Angular error demonstrated inter-session ICC scores of 0.424 with a bias of 2.4 degrees (+/- 2.4 degrees LoA) as well as MDC of 6.8 degrees and moderate intra-session ICC (0.723) with a bias of 1.4 degrees (+/- 1.65 degrees LoA) as well as MDC of 4.7 degrees. Neuromuscular activity for all muscles and movement phases illustrated inter-session ICC ranging from 0.432 to 0.809 with biases between - 2.5 and 13.6% subMVC and MDC from 13.4 to 63.9% subMVC. Intra-session ICC ranged from 0.705 to 0.987 with biases of - 7.7 to 2.4% subMVC and MDC of 2.7 to 46.5% subMVC. Leg dominance and sex seem not to influence angular reproduction performance and neuromuscular activity. Poor to excellent relative reliability paired with an acceptable consistency confirm findings of previous studies. Comparisons to pathological populations should be conducted with caution.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26932-2
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 13
PB  - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dumont, Hanna
A1  - Ready, Douglas D. D.
T1  - On the promise of personalized learning for educational equity
JF  - npj science of learning
N2  - Students enter school with a vast range of individual differences, resulting from the complex interplay between genetic dispositions and unequal environmental conditions. Schools thus face the challenge of organizing instruction and providing equal opportunities for students with diverse needs. Schools have traditionally managed student heterogeneity by sorting students both within and between schools according to their academic ability. However, empirical evidence suggests that such tracking approaches increase inequalities. In more recent years, driven largely by technological advances, there have been calls to embrace students' individual differences in the classroom and to personalize students' learning experiences. A central justification for personalized learning is its potential to improve educational equity. In this paper, we discuss whether and under which conditions personalized learning can indeed increase equity in K-12 education by bringing together empirical and theoretical insights from different fields, including the learning sciences, philosophy, psychology, and sociology. We distinguish between different conceptions of equity and argue that personalized learning is unlikely to result in "equality of outcomes" and, by definition, does not provide "equality of inputs". However, if implemented in a high-quality way, personalized learning is in line with "adequacy" notions of equity, which aim to equip all students with the basic competencies to participate in society as active members and to live meaningful lives.
KW  - Education
KW  - Psychology
KW  - Sociology
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-023-00174-x
SN  - 2056-7936
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Barra, Felipe
A1  - Hovhannisyan, Karen V.
A1  - Imparato, Alberto
T1  - Quantum batteries at the verge of a phase transition
JF  - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics
N2  - Starting from the observation that the reduced state of a system strongly coupled to a bath is, in general, an athermal state, we introduce and study a cyclic battery-charger quantum device that is in thermal equilibrium, or in a ground state, during the charge storing stage. The cycle has four stages: the equilibrium storage stage is interrupted by disconnecting the battery from the charger, then work is extracted from the battery, and then the battery is reconnected with the charger; finally, the system is brought back to equilibrium. At no point during the cycle are the battery-charger correlations artificially erased. We study the case where the battery and charger together comprise a spin-1/2 Ising chain, and show that the main characteristics-the extracted energy and the thermodynamic efficiency-can be enhanced by operating the cycle close to the quantum phase transition point. When the battery is just a single spin, we find that the output work and efficiency show a scaling behavior at criticality and derive the corresponding critical exponents. Due to always present correlations between the battery and the charger, operations that are equivalent from the perspective of the battery can entail different energetic costs for switching the battery-charger coupling. This happens only when the coupling term does not commute with the battery's bare Hamiltonian, and we use this purely quantum leverage to further optimize the performance of the device.
KW  - quantum batteries
KW  - quantum thermodynamics
KW  - quantum phase transition
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac43ed
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mattern, Maximilian
A1  - Pudell, Jan-Etienne
A1  - Laskin, Gennadii
A1  - Reppert, Alexander von
A1  - Bargheer, Matias
T1  - Analysis of the temperature- and fluence-dependent magnetic stress in laser-excited SrRuO3
JF  - Structural dynamics
N2  - We use ultrafast x-ray diffraction to investigate the effect of expansive phononic and contractive magnetic stress driving the picosecond strain response of a metallic perovskite SrRuO3 thin film upon femtosecond laser excitation. We exemplify how the anisotropic bulk equilibrium thermal expansion can be used to predict the response of the thin film to ultrafast deposition of energy. It is key to consider that the laterally homogeneous laser excitation changes the strain response compared to the near-equilibrium thermal expansion because the balanced in-plane stresses suppress the Poisson stress on the picosecond timescale. We find a very large negative Grüneisen constant describing the large contractive stress imposed by a small amount of energy in the spin system. The temperature and fluence dependence of the strain response for a double-pulse excitation scheme demonstrates the saturation of the magnetic stress in the high-fluence regime.
KW  - Thin films
KW  - Thermodynamic properties
KW  - Bragg peak
KW  - Ultrafast X-ray diffraction
KW  - Thermal effects
KW  - Phonons
KW  - Magnetism
KW  - Lattice dynamics
KW  - Lasers
KW  - Perovskites
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/4.0000072
SN  - 2329-7778
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
PB  - AIP Publishing LLC
CY  - Melville, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Gmeiner, Michaela Silvia
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Klein, Alexandra-Maria
A1  - Busching, Robert
A1  - Elsner, Birgit
T1  - Self-regulation as a resource for coping with developmental challenges during middle childhood and adolescence
BT  - the prospective longitudinal PIER YOUTH-study
JF  - BMC Psychology
N2  - Background
Self-regulation (SR) as the ability to regulate one's own physical state, emotions, cognitions, and behavior, is considered to play a pivotal role in the concurrent and subsequent mental and physical health of an individual. Although SR skills encompass numerous sub-facets, previous research has often focused on only one or a few of these sub-facets, and only rarely on adolescence. Therefore, little is known about the development of the sub-facets, their interplay, and their specific contributions to future developmental outcomes, particularly in adolescence. To fill these research gaps, this study aims to prospectively examine (1) the development of SR and (2) their influence on adolescent-specific developmental outcomes in a large community sample.

Methods/design
Based on previously collected data from the Potsdam Intrapersonal Developmental Risk (PIER) study with three measurement points, the present prospective, longitudinal study aims to add a fourth measurement point (PIERYOUTH). We aim to retain at least 1074 participants now between 16 and 23 years of the initially 1657 participants (6-11 years of age at the first measurement point in 2012/2013; 52.2% female). The study will continue to follow a multi-method (questionnaires, physiological assessments, performance-based computer tasks), multi-facet (assessing various domains of SR), and multi-rater (self-, parent-, and teacher-report) approach. In addition, a broad range of adolescent-specific developmental outcomes is considered. In doing so, we will cover the development of SR and relevant outcomes over the period of 10 years. In addition, we intend to conduct a fifth measurement point (given prolonged funding) to investigate development up to young adulthood.

Discussion
With its broad and multimethodological approach, PIERYOUTH aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the development and role of various SR sub-facets from middle childhood to adolescence. The large sample size and low drop-out rates in the first three measurements points form a sound database for our present prospective research.Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register, registration number DRKS00030847.
KW  - Self-regulation
KW  - Adolescence
KW  - Prospective longitudinal study
KW  - Mental health
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01140-3
SN  - 2050-7283
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pranav, Manasi
A1  - Hultzsch, Thomas
A1  - Musiienko, Artem
A1  - Sun, Bowen
A1  - Shukla, Atul
A1  - Jaiser, Frank
A1  - Shoaee, Safa
A1  - Neher, Dieter
T1  - Anticorrelated photoluminescence and free charge generation proves field-assisted exciton dissociation in low-offset PM6:Y5 organic solar cells
JF  - APL materials : high impact open access journal in functional materials science
N2  - Understanding the origin of inefficient photocurrent generation in organic solar cells with low energy offset remains key to realizing high-performance donor-acceptor systems. Here, we probe the origin of field-dependent free-charge generation and photoluminescence in wnon-fullereneacceptor (NFA)-based organic solar cells using the polymer PM6 and the NFA Y5-a non-halogenated sibling to Y6, with a smaller energetic offset to PM6. By performing time-delayed collection field (TDCF) measurements on a variety of samples with different electron transport layers and active layer thickness, we show that the fill factor and photocurrent are limited by field-dependent free charge generation in the bulk of the blend. We also introduce a new method of TDCF called m-TDCF to prove the absence of artifacts from non-geminate recombination of photogenerated and dark charge carriers near the electrodes. We then correlate free charge generation with steady-state photoluminescence intensity and find perfect anticorrelation between these two properties. Through this, we conclude that photocurrent generation in this low-offset system is entirely controlled by the field-dependent dissociation of local excitons into charge-transfer states. (c) 2023 Author(s).
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0151580
SN  - 2166-532X
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
PB  - AIP Publishing
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bittmann, Frank
A1  - Dech, Silas
A1  - Schaefer, Laura
T1  - Another way to confuse motor control
BT  - manual technique supposed to shorten muscle spindles reduces the muscular holding stability in the sense of adaptive force in male soccer players
JF  - Brain Sciences
N2  - Sensorimotor control can be impaired by slacked muscle spindles. This was shown for reflex responses and, recently, also for muscular stability in the sense of Adaptive Force (AF). The slack in muscle spindles was generated by contracting the lengthened muscle followed by passive shortening. AF was suggested to specifically reflect sensorimotor control since it requires tension-length control in adaptation to an increasing load. This study investigated AF parameters in reaction to another, manually performed slack procedure in a preselected sample (n = 13). The AF of 11 elbow and 12 hip flexors was assessed by an objectified manual muscle test (MMT) using a handheld device. Maximal isometric AF was significantly reduced after manual spindle technique vs. regular MMT. Muscle lengthening started at 64.93 & PLUSMN; 12.46% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). During regular MMT, muscle length could be maintained stable until 92.53 & PLUSMN; 10.12% of MVIC. Hence, muscular stability measured by AF was impaired after spindle manipulation. Force oscillations arose at a significantly lower level for regular vs. spindle. This supports the assumption that they are a prerequisite for stable adaptation. Reduced muscular stability in reaction to slack procedures is considered physiological since sensory information is misled. It is proposed to use slack procedures to test the functionality of the neuromuscular system, which is relevant for clinical practice.
KW  - maximal isometric Adaptive Force
KW  - holding capacity
KW  - muscle stability
KW  - muscle instability
KW  - neuromuscular functioning
KW  - neuromuscular control
KW  - motor control
KW  - muscle spindle
KW  - muscle physiology
KW  - regulatory physiology
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071105
SN  - 2076-3425
VL  - 13
IS  - 7
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hovhannisyan, Karen V.
A1  - Nemati, Somayyeh
A1  - Henkel, Carsten
A1  - Anders, Janet
T1  - Long-time equilibration can determine transient thermality
JF  - PRX Quantum
N2  - When two initially thermal many-body systems start to interact strongly, their transient states quickly become non-Gibbsian, even if the systems eventually equilibrate. To see beyond this apparent lack of structure during the transient regime, we use a refined notion of thermality, which we call g-local. A system is g-locally thermal if the states of all its small subsystems are marginals of global thermal states. We numerically demonstrate for two harmonic lattices that whenever the total system equilibrates in the long run, each lattice remains g-locally thermal at all times, including the transient regime. This is true even when the lattices have long-range interactions within them. In all cases, we find that the equilibrium is described by the generalized Gibbs ensemble, with three-dimensional lattices requiring special treatment due to their extended set of conserved charges. We compare our findings with the well-known two-temperature model. While its standard form is not valid beyond weak coupling, we show that at strong coupling it can be partially salvaged by adopting the concept of a g-local temperature.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.030321
SN  - 2691-3399
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bittmann, Frank
A1  - Dech, Silas
A1  - Schaefer, Laura
T1  - How to confuse motor control
BT  - passive muscle shortening after contraction in lengthened position reduces the muscular holding stability in the sense of adaptive force
JF  - Life : open access journal
N2  - Adaptation to external forces relies on a well-functioning proprioceptive system including muscle spindle afferents. Muscle length and tension control in reaction to external forces is most important regarding the Adaptive Force (AF). This study investigated the effect of different procedures, which are assumed to influence the function of muscle spindles, on the AF. Elbow flexors of 12 healthy participants (n = 19 limbs) were assessed by an objectified manual muscle test (MMT) with different procedures: regular MMT, MMT after precontraction (self-estimated 20% MVIC) in lengthened position with passive return to test position (CL), and MMT after CL with a second precontraction in test position (CL-CT). During regular MMTs, muscles maintained their length up to 99.7% +/- 1.0% of the maximal AF (AF(max)). After CL, muscles started to lengthen at 53.0% +/- 22.5% of AF(max). For CL-CT, muscles were again able to maintain the static position up to 98.3% +/- 5.5% of AF(max). AFiso(max) differed highly significantly between CL vs. CL-CT and regular MMT. CL was assumed to generate a slack of muscle spindles, which led to a substantial reduction of the holding capacity. This was immediately erased by a precontraction in the test position. The results substantiate that muscle spindle sensitivity seems to play an important role for neuromuscular functioning and musculoskeletal stability.
KW  - maximal isometric Adaptive Force
KW  - holding capacity
KW  - muscle stability
KW  - neuromuscular functioning
KW  - neuromuscular control
KW  - motor control
KW  - muscle spindle
KW  - muscle physiology
KW  - regulatory physiology
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/life13040911
SN  - 2075-1729
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hijazi, Saddam
A1  - Freitag, Melina A.
A1  - Landwehr, Niels
T1  - POD-Galerkin reduced order models and physics-informed neural networks for solving inverse problems for the Navier-Stokes equations
JF  - Advanced modeling and simulation in engineering sciences : AMSES
N2  - We present a Reduced Order Model (ROM) which exploits recent developments in Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for solving inverse problems for the Navier-Stokes equations (NSE). In the proposed approach, the presence of simulated data for the fluid dynamics fields is assumed. A POD-Galerkin ROM is then constructed by applying POD on the snapshots matrices of the fluid fields and performing a Galerkin projection of the NSE (or the modified equations in case of turbulence modeling) onto the POD reduced basis. A POD-Galerkin PINN ROM is then derived by introducing deep neural networks which approximate the reduced outputs with the input being time and/or parameters of the model. The neural networks incorporate the physical equations (the POD-Galerkin reduced equations) into their structure as part of the loss function. Using this approach, the reduced model is able to approximate unknown parameters such as physical constants or the boundary conditions. A demonstration of the applicability of the proposed ROM is illustrated by three cases which are the steady flow around a backward step, the flow around a circular cylinder and the unsteady turbulent flow around a surface mounted cubic obstacle.
KW  - Proper orthogonal decomposition
KW  - Inverse problems
KW  - Physics-based machine learning
KW  - Navier-Stokes equations
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40323-023-00242-2
SN  - 2213-7467
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
PB  - SpringerOpen
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt, Lena Katharina
A1  - Francke, Till
A1  - Grosse, Peter Martin
A1  - Mayer, Christoph
A1  - Bronstert, Axel
T1  - Reconstructing five decades of sediment export from two glacierized high-alpine catchments in Tyrol, Austria, using nonparametric regression
JF  - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS
N2  - Knowledge on the response of sediment export to recent climate change in glacierized areas in the European Alps is limited, primarily because long-term records of suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) are scarce. Here we tested the estimation of sediment export of the past five decades using quantile regression forest (QRF), a nonparametric, multivariate regression based on random forest. The regression builds on short-term records of SSCs and long records of the most important hydroclimatic drivers (discharge, precipitation and air temperature - QPT). We trained independent models for two nested and partially glacier-covered catchments, Vent (98 km(2)) and Vernagt (11.4 km(2)), in the upper otztal in Tyrol, Austria (1891 to 3772 m a.s.l.), where available QPT records start in 1967 and 1975. To assess temporal extrapolation ability, we used two 2-year SSC datasets at gauge Vernagt, which are almost 20 years apart, for a validation. For Vent, we performed a five-fold cross-validation on the 15 years of SSC measurements. Further, we quantified the number of days where predictors exceeded the range represented in the training dataset, as the inability to extrapolate beyond this range is a known limitation of QRF. Finally, we compared QRF performance to sediment rating curves (SRCs). We analyzed the modeled sediment export time series, the predictors and glacier mass balance data for trends (Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator) and step-like changes (using the widely applied Pettitt test and a complementary Bayesian approach).Our validation at gauge Vernagt demonstrated that QRF performs well in estimating past daily sediment export (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.73) and satisfactorily for SSCs (NSE of 0.51), despite the small training dataset. The temporal extrapolation ability of QRF was superior to SRCs, especially in periods with high-SSC events, which demonstrated the ability of QRF to model threshold effects. Days with high SSCs tended to be underestimated, but the effect on annual yields was small. Days with predictor exceedances were rare, indicating a good representativity of the training dataset. Finally, the QRF reconstruction models outperformed SRCs by about 20 percent points of the explained variance.Significant positive trends in the reconstructed annual suspended sediment yields were found at both gauges, with distinct step-like increases around 1981. This was linked to increased glacier melt, which became apparent through step-like increases in discharge at both gauges as well as change points in mass balances of the two largest glaciers in the Vent catchment. We identified exceptionally high July temperatures in 1982 and 1983 as a likely cause. In contrast, we did not find coinciding change points in precipitation. Opposing trends at the two gauges after 1981 suggest different timings of "peak sediment". We conclude that, given large-enough training datasets, the presented QRF approach is a promising tool with the ability to deepen our understanding of the response of high-alpine areas to decadal climate change.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1841-2023
SN  - 1027-5606
SN  - 1607-7938
VL  - 27
IS  - 9
SP  - 1841
EP  - 1863
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mazarei, Elham
A1  - Penschke, Christopher
A1  - Saalfrank, Peter
T1  - Band gap engineering in two-dimensional materials by functionalization
BT  - Methylation of graphene and graphene bilayers
JF  - ACS Omega
N2  - Graphene is well-knownfor its unique combination of electricaland mechanical properties. However, its vanishing band gap limitsthe use of graphene in microelectronics. Covalent functionalizationof graphene has been a common approach to address this critical issueand introduce a band gap. In this Article, we systematically analyzethe functionalization of single-layer graphene (SLG) and bilayer graphene(BLG) with methyl (CH3) using periodic density functionaltheory (DFT) at the PBE+D3 level of theory. We also include a comparisonof methylated single-layer and bilayer graphene, as well as a discussionof different methylation options (radicalic, cationic, and anionic).For SLG, methyl coverages ranging from 1/8 to 1/1, (i.e.,the fully methylated analogue of graphane) are considered. We findthat up to a coverage theta of 1/2, graphene readily accepts CH3, with neighbor CH3 groups preferring trans positions. Above theta = 1/2, the tendency to accept further CH3 weakens and the lattice constant increases. The band gapbehaves less regularly, but overall it increases with increasing methylcoverage. Thus, methylated graphene shows potential for developingband gap-tuned microelectronics devices and may offer further functionalizationoptions. To guide in the interpretation of methylation experiments,vibrational signatures of various species are characterized by normal-modeanalysis (NMA), their vibrational density of states (VDOS), and infrared(IR) spectra, the latter two are obtained from ab initio moleculardynamics (AIMD) in combination with a velocity-velocity autocorrelationfunction (VVAF) approach.
KW  - Adsorption
KW  - Alkyls
KW  - Band structure
KW  - Electrical conductivity
KW  - Two dimensional materials
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c02068
SN  - 2470-1343
VL  - 8
IS  - 24
SP  - 22026
EP  - 22041
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Adesina, Morenike O.
A1  - Block, Inga
A1  - Günter, Christina
A1  - Unuabonah, Emmanuel Iyayi
A1  - Taubert, Andreas
T1  - Efficient Removal of Tetracycline and Bisphenol A from Water with a New Hybrid Clay/TiO2 Composite
JF  - ACS Omega
N2  - New TiO2 hybrid composites were prepared fromkaolinclay, predried and carbonized biomass, and titanium tetraisopropoxideand explored for tetracycline (TET) and bisphenol A (BPA) removalfrom water. Overall, the removal rate is 84% for TET and 51% for BPA.The maximum adsorption capacities (q (m))are 30 and 23 mg/g for TET and BPA, respectively. These capacitiesare far greater than those obtained for unmodified TiO2. Increasing the ionic strength of the solution does not change theadsorption capacity of the adsorbent. pH changes only slightly changeBPA adsorption, while a pH > 7 significantly reduces the adsorptionof TET on the material. The Brouers-Sotolongo fractal modelbest describes the kinetic data for both TET and BPA adsorption, predictingthat the adsorption process occurs via a complex mechanism involvingvarious forces of attraction. Temkin and Freundlich isotherms, whichbest fit the equilibrium adsorption data for TET and BPA, respectively,suggest that adsorption sites are heterogeneous in nature. Overall,the composite materials are much more effective for TET removal fromaqueous solution than for BPA. This phenomenon is assigned to a differencein the TET/adsorbent interactions vs the BPA/adsorbent interactions:the decisive factor appears to be favorable electrostatic interactionsfor TET yielding a more effective TET removal.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c00184
SN  - 2470-1343
VL  - 8
IS  - 24
SP  - 21594
EP  - 21604
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Erler, Alexander
A1  - Riebe, Daniel
A1  - Beitz, Toralf
A1  - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd
A1  - Leenen, Mathias
A1  - Pätzold, Stefan
A1  - Ostermann, Markus
A1  - Wójcik, Michał
T1  - Mobile laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for future application in precision agriculture
BT  - a case study
JF  - Sensors
N2  - In precision agriculture, the estimation of soil parameters via sensors and the creation of nutrient maps are a prerequisite for farmers to take targeted measures such as spatially resolved fertilization. In this work, 68 soil samples uniformly distributed over a field near Bonn are investigated using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). These investigations include the determination of the total contents of macro- and micronutrients as well as further soil parameters such as soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM) content, and soil texture. The applied LIBS instruments are a handheld and a platform spectrometer, which potentially allows for the single-point measurement and scanning of whole fields, respectively. Their results are compared with a high-resolution lab spectrometer. The prediction of soil parameters was based on multivariate methods. Different feature selection methods and regression methods like PLS, PCR, SVM, Lasso, and Gaussian processes were tested and compared. While good predictions were obtained for Ca, Mg, P, Mn, Cu, and silt content, excellent predictions were obtained for K, Fe, and clay content. The comparison of the three different spectrometers showed that although the lab spectrometer gives the best results, measurements with both field spectrometers also yield good results. This allows for a method transfer to the in-field measurements.
KW  - LIBS
KW  - precision agriculture
KW  - soil
KW  - multivariate methods
KW  - feature selection
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167178
SN  - 1424-8220
VL  - 23
IS  - 16
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schlappa, Stephanie
A1  - Bressel, Lena
A1  - Reich, Oliver
A1  - Münzberg, Marvin
T1  - Advanced particle size analysis in high-solid-content polymer dispersions using photon density wave spectroscopy
JF  - Polymers
N2  - High-solid-content polystyrene and polyvinyl acetate dispersions of polymer particles with a 50 nm to 500 nm mean particle diameter and 12-55% (w/w) solid content have been produced via emulsion polymerization and characterized regarding their optical and physical properties. Both systems have been analyzed with common particle-size-measuring techniques like dynamic light scattering (DLS) and static light scattering (SLS) and compared to inline particle size distribution (PSD) measurements via photon density wave (PDW) spectroscopy in undiluted samples. It is shown that particle size measurements of undiluted polystyrene dispersions are in good agreement between analysis methods. However, for polyvinyl acetate particles, size determination is challenging due to bound water in the produced polymer. For the first time, water-swelling factors were determined via an iterative approach of PDW spectroscopy error (X-2) minimization. It is shown that water-swollen particles can be analyzed in high-solid-content solutions and their physical properties can be assumed to determine the refractive index, density, and volume fraction in dispersion. It was found that assumed water swelling improved the reduced scattering coefficient fit by PDW spectroscopy by up to ten times and particle size determination was refined and enabled. Particle size analysis of the water-swollen particles agreed well with offline-based state-of-the-art techniques.
KW  - emulsion polymerization
KW  - multiple light scattering
KW  - photon density wave
KW  - spectroscopy
KW  - particle sizing
KW  - swelling of polymers
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15153181
SN  - 2073-4360
VL  - 15
IS  - 15
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stiegler, Jonas
A1  - Kiemel, Katrin
A1  - Eccard, Jana
A1  - Fischer, Christina
A1  - Hering, Robert
A1  - Ortmann, Sylvia
A1  - Strigl, Lea
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1  - Ullmann, Wiebke
A1  - Blaum, Niels
T1  - Seed traits matter
BT  - endozoochoric dispersal through a pervasive mobile linker
JF  - Ecology and evolution
N2  - Although many plants are dispersed by wind and seeds can travel long distances across unsuitable matrix areas, a large proportion relies on co-evolved zoochorous seed dispersal to connect populations in isolated habitat islands. Particularly in agricultural landscapes, where remaining habitat patches are often very small and highly isolated, mobile linkers as zoochorous seed dispersers are critical for the population dynamics of numerous plant species. However, knowledge about the quali- or quantification of such mobile link processes, especially in agricultural landscapes, is still limited. In a controlled feeding experiment, we recorded the seed intake and germination success after complete digestion by the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) and explored its mobile link potential as an endozoochoric seed disperser. Utilizing a suite of common, rare, and potentially invasive plant species, we disentangled the effects of seed morphological traits on germination success while controlling for phylogenetic relatedness. Further, we measured the landscape connectivity via hares in two contrasting agricultural landscapes (simple: few natural and semi-natural structures, large fields; complex: high amount of natural and semi-natural structures, small fields) using GPS-based movement data. With 34,710 seeds of 44 plant species fed, one of 200 seeds (0.51%) with seedlings of 33 species germinated from feces. Germination after complete digestion was positively related to denser seeds with comparatively small surface area and a relatively slender and elongated shape, suggesting that, for hares, the most critical seed characteristics for successful endozoochorous seed dispersal minimize exposure of the seed to the stomach and the associated digestive system. Furthermore, we could show that a hare's retention time is long enough to interconnect different habitats, especially grasslands and fields. Thus, besides other seed dispersal mechanisms, this most likely allows hares to act as effective mobile linkers contributing to ecosystem stability in times of agricultural intensification, not only in complex but also in simple landscapes.
KW  - agricultural landscapes
KW  - endozoochory
KW  - Lepus europaeus
KW  - mobile links
KW  - seed dispersal
KW  - seed dispersal syndrome
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8440
SN  - 2045-7758
VL  - 11
IS  - 24
SP  - 18477
EP  - 18491
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mueller, Steffen
A1  - Mueller, Juliane
A1  - Stoll, Josefine
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - Effect of six-week resistance and sensorimotor training on trunk strength and stability in elite adolescent athletes
BT  - a randomized controlled pilot trial
JF  - Frontiers in physiology
N2  - Intervention in the form of core-specific stability exercises is evident to improve trunk stability. The purpose was to assess the effect of an additional 6 weeks sensorimotor or resistance training on maximum isokinetic trunk strength and response to sudden dynamic trunk loading (STL) in highly trained adolescent athletes. The study was conducted as a single-blind, 3-armed randomized controlled trial. Twenty-four adolescent athletes (14f/10 m, 16 +/- 1 yrs.;178 +/- 10 cm; 67 +/- 11 kg; training sessions/week 15 +/- 5; training h/week 22 +/- 8) were randomized into resistance training (RT; n = 7), sensorimotor training (SMT; n = 10), and control group (CG; n = 7). Athletes were instructed to perform standardized, center-based training for 6 weeks, two times per week, with a duration of 1 h each session. SMT consisted of four different core-specific sensorimotor exercises using instable surfaces. RT consisted of four trunk strength exercises using strength training machines, as well as an isokinetic dynamometer. All participants in the CG received an unspecific heart frequency controlled, ergometer-based endurance training (50 min at max. heart frequency of 130HF). For each athlete, each training session was documented in an individual training diary (e.g., level of SMT exercise; 1RM for strength exercise, pain). At baseline (M1) and after 6 weeks of intervention (M2), participants' maximum strength in trunk rotation (ROM:63 degrees) and flexion/extension (ROM:55 degrees) was tested on an isokinetic dynamometer (concentric/eccentric 30 degrees/s). STL was assessed in eccentric (30 degrees/s) mode with additional dynamometer-induced perturbation as a marker of core stability. Peak torque [Nm] was calculated as the main outcome. The primary outcome measurements (trunk rotation/extension peak torque: con, ecc, STL) were statistically analyzed by means of the two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance (alpha = 0.05). Out of 12 possible sessions, athletes participated between 8 and 9 sessions (SMT: 9 +/- 3; RT: 8 +/- 3; CG: 8 +/- 4). Regarding main outcomes of trunk performance, experimental groups showed no significant pre-post difference for maximum trunk strength testing as well as for perturbation compensation (p > 0.05). It is concluded, that future interventions should exceed 6 weeks duration with at least 2 sessions per week to induce enhanced trunk strength or compensatory response to sudden, high-intensity trunk loading in already highly trained adolescent athletes, regardless of training regime.
KW  - core
KW  - training intervention
KW  - trunk stability
KW  - exercise
KW  - perturbation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.802315
SN  - 1664-042X
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lin, Chiao-I
A1  - Mayer, Frank
A1  - Wippert, Pia-Maria
T1  - The prevalence of chronic ankle instability in basketball athletes
BT  - a cross-sectional study
JF  - BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation
N2  - Background Ankle sprain is the most common injury in basketball. Chronic ankle instability develops from an acute ankle sprain may cause negative effects on quality of life, ankle functionality or on increasing risk for recurrent ankle sprains and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. To facilitate a preventative strategy of chronic ankle instability (CAI) in the basketball population, gathering epidemiological data is essential. However, the epidemiological data of CAI in basketball is limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of CAI in basketball athletes and to determine whether gender, competitive level, and basketball playing position influence this prevalence. Methods In a cross-sectional study, in total 391 Taiwanese basketball athletes from universities and sports clubs participated. Besides non-standardized questions about demographics and their history of ankle sprains, participants further filled out the standard Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool applied to determine the presence of ankle instability. Questionnaires from 255 collegiate and 133 semi-professional basketball athletes (male = 243, female = 145, 22.3 +/- 3.8 years, 23.3 +/- 2.2 kg/m(2)) were analyzed. Differences in prevalence between gender, competitive level and playing position were determined using the Chi-square test. Results In the surveyed cohort, 26% had unilateral CAI while 50% of them had bilateral CAI. Women had a higher prevalence than men in the whole surveyed cohort (X-2(1) = 0.515, p = 0.003). This gender disparity also showed from sub-analyses, that the collegiate female athletes had a higher prevalence than collegiate men athletes (X-2(1) = 0.203, p = 0.001). Prevalence showed no difference between competitive levels (p > 0.05) and among playing positions (p > 0.05). Conclusions CAI is highly prevalent in the basketball population. Gender affects the prevalence of CAI. Regardless of the competitive level and playing position the prevalence of CAI is similar. The characteristic of basketball contributes to the high prevalence. Prevention of CAI should be a focus in basketball. When applying the CAI prevention measures, gender should be taken into consideration.
KW  - Functional ankle instability
KW  - Perceived ankle instability
KW  - Ankle sprain;
KW  - Ankle injury
KW  - Survey
KW  - Basketball
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-022-00418-0
SN  - 2052-1847
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
PB  - BMC
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian
T1  - French economists and the symbolic power of (post-)national scopes of capital
BT  - taking sides in discourses of crises, 2008–2021
JF  - Serendipities : journal for the sociology and history of the social sciences
N2  - The paper argues that economists’ position-taking in discourses of crises should be understood in the light of economists’ positions in the academic field of economics. This hypothesis is investigated by performing a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) on a prosopographical data set of 144 French economists who positioned themselves between 2008 and 2021 in controversies over the euro crisis, the French political economic model, and French economics. In these disciplinary controversies, different forms of (post-)national academic capital are used by economists to either initiate change or defend the status quo. These strategies are then interpreted as part of more general power struggles over the basic national or post-national constitution and legitimate governance of economy and society.
KW  - transnationalization
KW  - economic thought
KW  - economic crisis
KW  - field theory
KW  - history of the social sciences
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.7146/serendipities.v8i1-2.133990
SN  - 2521-0947
VL  - 8
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 77
EP  - 108
PB  - Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz
CY  - Graz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Padash, Amin
A1  - Aghion, Erez
A1  - Schulz, Alexander
A1  - Barkai, Eli
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei V.
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Kantz, Holger
T1  - Local equilibrium properties of ultraslow diffusion in the Sinai model
JF  - New journal of physics
N2  - We perform numerical studies of a thermally driven, overdamped particle in a random quenched force field, known as the Sinai model. We compare the unbounded motion on an infinite 1-dimensional domain to the motion in bounded domains with reflecting boundaries and show that the unbounded motion is at every time close to the equilibrium state of a finite system of growing size. This is due to time scale separation: inside wells of the random potential, there is relatively fast equilibration, while the motion across major potential barriers is ultraslow. Quantities studied by us are the time dependent mean squared displacement, the time dependent mean energy of an ensemble of particles, and the time dependent entropy of the probability distribution. Using a very fast numerical algorithm, we can explore times up top 10(17) steps and thereby also study finite-time crossover phenomena.
KW  - Sinai diffusion
KW  - clustering
KW  - local equilibrium
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac7df8
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 24
IS  - 7
PB  - IOP Publishing
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tscheuschner, Georg
A1  - Kaiser, Melanie N.
A1  - Lisec, Jan
A1  - Beslic, Denis
A1  - Muth, Thilo
A1  - Krüger, Maren
A1  - Mages, Hans Werner
A1  - Dorner, Brigitte G.
A1  - Knospe, Julia
A1  - Schenk, Jörg A.
A1  - Sellrie, Frank
A1  - Weller, Michael G.
T1  - MALDI-TOF-MS-based identification of monoclonal murine Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies within one hour
JF  - Antibodies
N2  - During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many virus-binding monoclonal antibodies have been developed for clinical and diagnostic purposes. This underlines the importance of antibodies as universal bioanalytical reagents. However, little attention is given to the reproducibility crisis that scientific studies are still facing to date. In a recent study, not even half of all research antibodies mentioned in publications could be identified at all. This should spark more efforts in the search for practical solutions for the traceability of antibodies. For this purpose, we used 35 monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 to demonstrate how sequence-independent antibody identification can be achieved by simple means applied to the protein. First, we examined the intact and light chain masses of the antibodies relative to the reference material NIST-mAb 8671. Already half of the antibodies could be identified based solely on these two parameters. In addition, we developed two complementary peptide mass fingerprinting methods with MALDI-TOF-MS that can be performed in 60 min and had a combined sequence coverage of over 80%. One method is based on the partial acidic hydrolysis of the protein by 5 mM of sulfuric acid at 99 degrees C. Furthermore, we established a fast way for a tryptic digest without an alkylation step. We were able to show that the distinction of clones is possible simply by a brief visual comparison of the mass spectra. In this work, two clones originating from the same immunization gave the same fingerprints. Later, a hybridoma sequencing confirmed the sequence identity of these sister clones. In order to automate the spectral comparison for larger libraries of antibodies, we developed the online software ABID 2.0. This open-source software determines the number of matching peptides in the fingerprint spectra. We propose that publications and other documents critically relying on monoclonal antibodies with unknown amino acid sequences should include at least one antibody fingerprint. By fingerprinting an antibody in question, its identity can be confirmed by comparison with a library spectrum at any time and context.
KW  - SARS-CoV-2 antibody
KW  - reproducibility crisis
KW  - peptide mass
KW  - fingerprinting
KW  - monoclonal antibody
KW  - traceability
KW  - identity
KW  - antibody
KW  - identification
KW  - antibody light chain
KW  - MALDI-TOF-MS
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/antib11020027
SN  - 2073-4468
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hollenstein, Nora
A1  - Trondle, Marius
A1  - Plomecka, Martyna
A1  - Kiegeland, Samuel
A1  - Ozyurt, Yilmazcan
A1  - Jäger, Lena Ann
A1  - Langer, Nicolas
T1  - The ZuCo benchmark on cross-subject reading task classification with EEG and eye-tracking data
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - We present a new machine learning benchmark for reading task classification with the goal of advancing EEG and eye-tracking research at the intersection between computational language processing and cognitive neuroscience. The benchmark task consists of a cross-subject classification to distinguish between two reading paradigms: normal reading and task-specific reading. The data for the benchmark is based on the Zurich Cognitive Language Processing Corpus (ZuCo 2.0), which provides simultaneous eye-tracking and EEG signals from natural reading of English sentences. The training dataset is publicly available, and we present a newly recorded hidden testset. We provide multiple solid baseline methods for this task and discuss future improvements. We release our code and provide an easy-to-use interface to evaluate new approaches with an accompanying public leaderboard: .
KW  - reading task classification
KW  - eye-tracking
KW  - EEG
KW  - machine learning
KW  - reading research
KW  - cross-subject evaluation
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1028824
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Michelet, Robin
A1  - Bindellini, Davide
A1  - Melin, Johanna
A1  - Neumann, Uta
A1  - Blankenstein, Oliver
A1  - Huisinga, Wilhelm
A1  - Johnson, Trevor N.
A1  - Whitaker, Martin J.
A1  - Ross, Richard
A1  - Kloft, Charlotte
T1  - Insights in the maturational processes influencing hydrocortisone pharmacokinetics in congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients using a middle-out approach
JF  - Frontiers in Pharmacology
N2  - Introduction: 
Hydrocortisone is the standard of care in cortisol replacement therapy for congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients. Challenges in mimicking cortisol circadian rhythm and dosing individualization can be overcome by the support of mathematical modelling. Previously, a non-linear mixed-effects (NLME) model was developed based on clinical hydrocortisone pharmacokinetic (PK) pediatric and adult data. Additionally, a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed for adults and a pediatric model was obtained using maturation functions for relevant processes. In this work, a middle-out approach was applied. The aim was to investigate whether PBPK-derived maturation functions could provide a better description of hydrocortisone PK inter-individual variability when implemented in the NLME framework, with the goal of providing better individual predictions towards precision dosing at the patient level.

Methods:
Hydrocortisone PK data from 24 adrenal insufficiency pediatric patients and 30 adult healthy volunteers were used for NLME model development, while the PBPK model and maturation functions of clearance and cortisol binding globulin (CBG) were developed based on previous studies published in the literature.

Results:
Clearance (CL) estimates from both approaches were similar for children older than 1 year (CL/F increasing from around 150 L/h to 500 L/h), while CBG concentrations differed across the whole age range (CBG(NLME) stable around 0.5 mu M vs. steady increase from 0.35 to 0.8 mu M for CBG (PBPK)). PBPK-derived maturation functions were subsequently included in the NLME model. After inclusion of the maturation functions, none, a part of, or all parameters were re-estimated. However, the inclusion of CL and/or CBG maturation functions in the NLME model did not result in improved model performance for the CL maturation function (& UDelta;OFV > -15.36) and the re-estimation of parameters using the CBG maturation function most often led to unstable models or individual CL prediction bias.

Discussion:
Three explanations for the observed discrepancies could be postulated, i) non-considered maturation of processes such as absorption or first-pass effect, ii) lack of patients between 1 and 12 months, iii) lack of correction of PBPK CL maturation functions derived from urinary concentration ratio data for the renal function relative to adults. These should be investigated in the future to determine how NLME and PBPK methods can work towards deriving insights into pediatric hydrocortisone PK.
KW  - hydrocortisone
KW  - congenital adrenal hyperplasia
KW  - population pharmacokinetics
KW  - middle-out approach
KW  - pediatrics
KW  - physiologically-based pharmacokinetics (PBPK)
KW  - non-linear mixed effects modelling (NLME);
KW  - maturation
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.1090554
SN  - 1663-9812
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nordmeyer, Sarah
A1  - Kraus, Milena
A1  - Ziehm, Matthias
A1  - Kirchner, Marieluise
A1  - Schafstedde, Marie
A1  - Kelm, Marcus
A1  - Niquet, Sylvia
A1  - Stephen, Mariet Mathew
A1  - Baczko, Istvan
A1  - Knosalla, Christoph
A1  - Schapranow, Matthieu-Patrick
A1  - Dittmar, Gunnar
A1  - Gotthardt, Michael
A1  - Falcke, Martin
A1  - Regitz-Zagrosek, Vera
A1  - Kuehne, Titus
A1  - Mertins, Philipp
T1  - Disease- and sex-specific differences in patients with heart valve disease
BT  - a proteome study
JF  - Life Science Alliance
N2  - Pressure overload in patients with aortic valve stenosis and volume overload in mitral valve regurgitation trigger specific forms of cardiac remodeling; however, little is known about similarities and differences in myocardial proteome regulation. We performed proteome profiling of 75 human left ventricular myocardial biopsies (aortic stenosis = 41, mitral regurgitation = 17, and controls = 17) using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry next to clinical and hemodynamic parameter acquisition. In patients of both disease groups, proteins related to ECM and cytoskeleton were more abundant, whereas those related to energy metabolism and proteostasis were less abundant compared with controls. In addition, disease group-specific and sex-specific differences have been observed. Male patients with aortic stenosis showed more proteins related to fibrosis and less to energy metabolism, whereas female patients showed strong reduction in proteostasis-related proteins. Clinical imaging was in line with proteomic findings, showing elevation of fibrosis in both patient groups and sex differences. Disease-and sex-specific proteomic profiles provide insight into cardiac remodeling in patients with heart valve disease and might help improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms and the development of individualized treatment strategies.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202201411
SN  - 2575-1077
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
PB  - EMBO Press
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Li, Wenjia
A1  - Tian, Fang
A1  - Rudaya, Natalya A.
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
A1  - Cao, Xianyong
T1  - Pollen-based holocene thawing-history of permafrost in Northern Asia and its potential impacts on climate change
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2  - As the recent permafrost thawing of northern Asia proceeds due to anthropogenic climate change, precise and detailed palaeoecological records from past warm periods are essential to anticipate the extent of future permafrost variations. Here, based on the modern relationship between permafrost and vegetation (represented by pollen assemblages), we trained a Random Forest model using pollen and permafrost data and verified its reliability to reconstruct the history of permafrost in northern Asia during the Holocene. An early Holocene (12-8 cal ka BP) strong thawing trend, a middle-to-late Holocene (8-2 cal ka BP) relatively slow thawing trend, and a late Holocene freezing trend of permafrost in northern Asia are consistent with climatic proxies such as summer solar radiation and Northern Hemisphere temperature. The extensive distribution of permafrost in northern Asia inhibited the spread of evergreen coniferous trees during the early Holocene warming and might have decelerated the enhancement of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) by altering hydrological processes and albedo. Based on these findings, we suggest that studies of the EASM should consider more the state of permafrost and vegetation in northern Asia, which are often overlooked and may have a profound impact on climate change in this region.
KW  - pollen
KW  - Random Forest
KW  - Siberia
KW  - East Asian summer monsoon
KW  - permafrost
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.894471
SN  - 2296-701X
VL  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kamali, Bahareh
A1  - Lorite, Ignacio J.
A1  - Webber, Heidi A.
A1  - Rezaei, Ehsan Eyshi
A1  - Gabaldon-Leal, Clara
A1  - Nendel, Claas
A1  - Siebert, Stefan
A1  - Ramirez-Cuesta, Juan Miguel
A1  - Ewert, Frank
A1  - Ojeda, Jonathan J.
T1  - Uncertainty in climate change impact studies for irrigated maize cropping systems in southern Spain
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - This study investigates the main drivers of uncertainties in simulated irrigated maize yield under historical conditions as well as scenarios of increased temperatures and altered irrigation water availability. 
Using APSIM, MONICA, and SIMPLACE crop models, we quantified the relative contributions of three irrigation water allocation strategies, three sowing dates, and three maize cultivars to the uncertainty in simulated yields. 
The water allocation strategies were derived from historical records of farmer's allocation patterns in drip-irrigation scheme of the Genil-Cabra region, Spain (2014-2017). 

By considering combinations of allocation strategies, the adjusted R-2 values (showing the degree of agreement between simulated and observed yields) increased by 29% compared to unrealistic assumptions of considering only near optimal or deficit irrigation scheduling. The factor decomposition analysis based on historic climate showed that irrigation strategies was the main driver of uncertainty in simulated yields (66%). 

However, under temperature increase scenarios, the contribution of crop model and cultivar choice to uncertainty in simulated yields were as important as irrigation strategy. This was partially due to different model structure in processes related to the temperature responses. 
Our study calls for including information on irrigation strategies conducted by farmers to reduce the uncertainty in simulated yields at field scale.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08056-9
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Macmillan Publishers Limited,
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Puta, Christian
A1  - Gabriel, Holger H. W.
A1  - Behm, David George
A1  - Arampatzis, Adamantios
T1  - Neuromuscular Training and Adaptations in Youth Athletes
T2  - Frontiers in physiology
KW  - strength training
KW  - plyometric training
KW  - physical fitness
KW  - injury prevention
KW  - athletic performance
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01264
SN  - 1664-042X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarze, Martin
A1  - Schellhammer, Karl Sebastian
A1  - Ortstein, Katrin
A1  - Benduhn, Johannes
A1  - Gaul, Christopher
A1  - Hinderhofer, Alexander
A1  - Perdigón-Toro, Lorena
A1  - Scholz, Reinhard
A1  - Kublitski, Jonas
A1  - Roland, Steffen
A1  - Lau, Matthias
A1  - Poelking, Carl
A1  - Andrienko, Denis
A1  - Cuniberti, Gianaurelio
A1  - Schreiber, Frank
A1  - Neher, Dieter
A1  - Vandewal, Koen
A1  - Ortmann, Frank
A1  - Leo, Karl
T1  - Impact of molecular quadrupole moments on the energy levels at organic heterojunctions
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - The functionality of organic semiconductor devices crucially depends on molecular energies, namely the ionisation energy and the electron affinity. Ionisation energy and electron affinity values of thin films are, however, sensitive to film morphology and composition, making their prediction challenging. In a combined experimental and simulation study on zinc-phthalocyanine and its fluorinated derivatives, we show that changes in ionisation energy as a function of molecular orientation in neat films or mixing ratio in blends are proportional to the molecular quadrupole component along the p-p-stacking direction. We apply these findings to organic solar cells and demonstrate how the electrostatic interactions can be tuned to optimise the energy of the charge-transfer state at the donor-acceptor interface and the dissociation barrier for free charge carrier generation. The confirmation of the correlation between interfacial energies and quadrupole moments for other materials indicates its relevance for small molecules and polymers.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10435-2
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 10
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Smith, Sarah R.
A1  - Dupont, Chris L.
A1  - McCarthy, James K.
A1  - Broddrick, Jared T.
A1  - Obornik, Miroslav
A1  - Horak, Ales
A1  - Füssy, Zoltán
A1  - Cihlar, Jaromir
A1  - Kleessen, Sabrina
A1  - Zheng, Hong
A1  - McCrow, John P.
A1  - Hixson, Kim K.
A1  - Araujo, Wagner L.
A1  - Nunes-Nesi, Adriano
A1  - Fernie, Alisdair R.
A1  - Nikoloski, Zoran
A1  - Palsson, Bernhard O.
A1  - Allen, Andrew E.
T1  - Evolution and regulation of nitrogen flux through compartmentalized metabolic networks in a marine diatom
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Diatoms outcompete other phytoplankton for nitrate, yet little is known about the mechanisms underpinning this ability. Genomes and genome-enabled studies have shown that diatoms possess unique features of nitrogen metabolism however, the implications for nutrient utilization and growth are poorly understood. Using a combination of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, fluxomics, and flux balance analysis to examine short-term shifts in nitrogen utilization in the model pennate diatom in Phaeodactylum tricornutum, we obtained a systems-level understanding of assimilation and intracellular distribution of nitrogen. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are energetically integrated at the critical intersection of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in diatoms. Pathways involved in this integration are organelle-localized GS-GOGAT cycles, aspartate and alanine systems for amino moiety exchange, and a split-organelle arginine biosynthesis pathway that clarifies the role of the diatom urea cycle. This unique configuration allows diatoms to efficiently adjust to changing nitrogen status, conferring an ecological advantage over other phytoplankton taxa.
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - Computational biology and bioinformatics
KW  - Evolution
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - Molecular biology
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12407-y
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 10
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferrari, Camilla
A1  - Proost, Sebastian
A1  - Janowski, Marcin Andrzej
A1  - Becker, Jörg
A1  - Nikoloski, Zoran
A1  - Bhattacharya, Debashish
A1  - Price, Dana
A1  - Tohge, Takayuki
A1  - Bar-Even, Arren
A1  - Fernie, Alisdair R.
A1  - Stitt, Mark
A1  - Mutwil, Marek
T1  - Kingdom-wide comparison reveals the evolution of diurnal gene expression in Archaeplastida
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Plants have adapted to the diurnal light-dark cycle by establishing elaborate transcriptional programs that coordinate many metabolic, physiological, and developmental responses to the external environment. These transcriptional programs have been studied in only a few species, and their function and conservation across algae and plants is currently unknown. We performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of the diurnal cycle of nine members of Archaeplastida, and we observed that, despite large phylogenetic distances and dramatic differences in morphology and lifestyle, diurnal transcriptional programs of these organisms are similar. Expression of genes related to cell division and the majority of biological pathways depends on the time of day in unicellular algae but we did not observe such patterns at the tissue level in multicellular land plants. Hence, our study provides evidence for the universality of diurnal gene expression and elucidates its evolutionary history among different photosynthetic eukaryotes.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08703-2
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 10
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schrön, Martin
A1  - Zacharias, Steffen
A1  - Womack, Gary
A1  - Köhli, Markus
A1  - Desilets, Darin
A1  - Oswald, Sascha
A1  - Bumberger, Jan
A1  - Mollenhauer, Hannes
A1  - Kögler, Simon
A1  - Remmler, Paul
A1  - Kasner, Mandy
A1  - Denk, Astrid
A1  - Dietrich, Peter
T1  - Intercomparison of cosmic-ray neutron sensors and water balance monitoring in an urban environment
JF  - Geoscientific instrumentation, methods and data systems
N2  - Sensor-to-sensor variability is a source of error common to all geoscientific instruments that needs to be assessed before comparative and applied research can be performed with multiple sensors. Consistency among sensor systems is especially critical when subtle features of the surrounding terrain are to be identified. Cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNSs) are a recent technology used to monitor hectometre-scale environmental water storages, for which a rigorous comparison study of numerous co-located sensors has not yet been performed. In this work, nine stationary CRNS probes of type "CRS1000" were installed in relative proximity on a grass patch surrounded by trees, buildings, and sealed areas. While the dynamics of the neutron count rates were found to be similar, offsets of a few percent from the absolute average neutron count rates were found. Technical adjustments of the individual detection parameters brought all instruments into good agreement. Furthermore, we found a critical integration time of 6 h above which all sensors showed consistent dynamics in the data and their RMSE fell below 1% of gravimetric water content. The residual differences between the nine signals indicated local effects of the complex urban terrain on the scale of several metres. Mobile CRNS measurements and spatial simulations with the URANOS neutron transport code in the surrounding area (25 ha) have revealed substantial sub-footprint heterogeneity to which CRNS detectors are sensitive despite their large averaging volume. The sealed and constantly dry structures in the footprint furthermore damped the dynamics of the CRNS-derived soil moisture. We developed strategies to correct for the sealed-area effect based on theoretical insights about the spatial sensitivity of the sensor. This procedure not only led to reliable soil moisture estimation during dry-out periods, it further revealed a strong signal of intercepted water that emerged over the sealed surfaces during rain events. The presented arrangement offered a unique opportunity to demonstrate the CRNS performance in complex terrain, and the results indicated great potential for further applications in urban climate research.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-7-83-2018
SN  - 2193-0856
SN  - 2193-0864
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
SP  - 83
EP  - 99
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hatukai, Tatiana
A1  - Algom, Daniel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Rodin has it!
BT  - the role of hands in improving the selectivity of attention
JF  - Acta psychologica : international journal of psychonomics
N2  - We report a new discovery on the role of hands in guiding attention, using the classic Stroop effect as our assay. We show that the Stroop effect diminishes, hence selective attention improves, when observers hold their chin, emulating Rodin's famous sculpture, "The Thinker." In two experiments we show that the Rodin posture improves the selectivity of attention as efficiently as holding the hands nearby the visual stimulus (the near-hands effect). Because spatial proximity to the displayed stimulus is neither present nor intended, the presence of the Rodin effect implies that attentional prioritization by the hands is not limited to the space between the hands.
KW  - Rodin posture
KW  - attention
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - stroop-effect
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103160
SN  - 0001-6918
SN  - 1873-6297
VL  - 210
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Teich, Paula
A1  - Fühner, Thea Heidi
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Physical fitness of primary school children differs depending on their timing of school enrollment
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - Previous research has shown that children who were enrolled to school according to the legal key date (i.e., keyage children, between eight and nine years in third grade) exhibited a linear physical fitness development in the ninth year of life. In contrast, children who were enrolled with a delay (i.e., older-than-keyage children [OTK], between nine and ten years in third grade) exhibited a lower physical fitness compared to what would be expected for their age. In these studies, cross-sectional age differences within third grade and timing of school enrollment were confounded. The present study investigated the longitudinal development of keyage and OTK children from third to fifth grade. This design also afforded a comparison of the two groups at the same average chronological age, that is a dissociation of the effects of timing of school enrollment and age. We tested six physical fitness components: cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed, power of lower and upper limbs, and static balance. 1502 children (i.e., 1206 keyage and 296 OTK children) from 35 schools were tested in third, fourth, and fifth grade. Except for cardiorespiratory endurance, both groups developed from third to fourth and from fourth to fifth grade and keyage children outperformed OTK children at the average ages of 9.5 or 10.5 years. For cardiorespiratory endurance, there was no significant gain from fourth to fifth grade and keyage and OTK children did not differ significantly at 10.5 years of age. One reason for a delayed school enrollment could be that a child is (or is perceived as) biologically younger than their chronological age at the school entry examination, implying a negative correlation between chronological and biological age for OTK children. Indeed, a simple reflection of chronological age brought the developmental rate of the chronologically youngest OTK children in line with the developmental rate observed for keyage children, but did not eliminate all differences. The mapping of chronological and biological age of OTK children and other possible reasons for lower physical fitness of OTK children remain a task for future research.
KW  - Health care
KW  - Paediatrics
KW  - Physiology
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35727-y
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Petrich, Annett
A1  - Aji, Amit Koikkarah
A1  - Dunsing, Valentin
A1  - Chiantia, Salvatore
T1  - Benchmarking of novel green fluorescent proteins for the quantification of protein oligomerization in living cells
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Protein-protein-interactions play an important role in many cellular functions. Quantitative non-invasive techniques are applied in living cells to evaluate such interactions, thereby providing a broader understanding of complex biological processes. Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy describes a group of quantitative microscopy approaches for the characterization of molecular interactions at single cell resolution. Through the obtained molecular brightness, it is possible to determine the oligomeric state of proteins. This is usually achieved by fusing fluorescent proteins (FPs) to the protein of interest. Recently, the number of novel green FPs has increased, with consequent improvements to the quality of fluctuation-based measurements. The photophysical behavior of FPs is influenced by multiple factors (including photobleaching, protonation-induced "blinking" and long-lived dark states). Assessing these factors is critical for selecting the appropriate fluorescent tag for live cell imaging applications. In this work, we focus on novel green FPs that are extensively used in live cell imaging. A systematic performance comparison of several green FPs in living cells under different pH conditions using Number & Brightness (N & B) analysis and scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy was performed. Our results show that the new FP Gamillus exhibits higher brightness at the cost of lower photostability and fluorescence probability (pf), especially at lower pH. mGreenLantern, on the other hand, thanks to a very high pf, is best suited for multimerization quantification at neutral pH. At lower pH, mEGFP remains apparently the best choice for multimerization investigation. These guidelines provide the information needed to plan quantitative fluorescence microscopy involving these FPs, both for general imaging or for protein-protein-interactions quantification via fluorescence fluctuation-based methods.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285486
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 18
IS  - 8
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kappel, Christian
A1  - Friedrich, Thomas
A1  - Oberkofler, Vicky
A1  - Jiang, Li
A1  - Crawford, Tim
A1  - Lenhard, Michael
A1  - Bäurle, Isabel
T1  - Genomic and epigenomic determinants of heat stress-induced transcriptional memory in Arabidopsis
JF  - Genome biology : biology for the post-genomic era
N2  - Background
Transcriptional regulation is a key aspect of environmental stress responses. Heat stress induces transcriptional memory, i.e., sustained induction or enhanced re-induction of transcription, that allows plants to respond more efficiently to a recurrent HS. In light of more frequent temperature extremes due to climate change, improving heat tolerance in crop plants is an important breeding goal. However, not all heat stress-inducible genes show transcriptional memory, and it is unclear what distinguishes memory from non-memory genes. To address this issue and understand the genome and epigenome architecture of transcriptional memory after heat stress, we identify the global target genes of two key memory heat shock transcription factors, HSFA2 and HSFA3, using time course ChIP-seq.

Results
HSFA2 and HSFA3 show near identical binding patterns. In vitro and in vivo binding strength is highly correlated, indicating the importance of DNA sequence elements. In particular, genes with transcriptional memory are strongly enriched for a tripartite heat shock element, and are hallmarked by several features: low expression levels in the absence of heat stress, accessible chromatin environment, and heat stress-induced enrichment of H3K4 trimethylation. These results are confirmed by an orthogonal transcriptomic data set using both de novo clustering and an established definition of memory genes.

Conclusions
Our findings provide an integrated view of HSF-dependent transcriptional memory and shed light on its sequence and chromatin determinants, enabling the prediction and engineering of genes with transcriptional memory behavior.
KW  - Transcriptional memory
KW  - Priming
KW  - Heat stress
KW  - HSFA2
KW  - HSFA3
KW  - Arabidopsis thaliana
KW  - Histone H3K4 trimethylation
KW  - ChIP-seq
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-023-02970-5
SN  - 1474-760X
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferreira, Clara Mendes
A1  - Dammhahn, Melanie
A1  - Eccard, Jana
T1  - So many choices, so little time
BT  - food preference and movement vary with the landscape of fear
JF  - Ecology and evolution
N2  - Spatial and temporal variation in perceived predation risk is an important determinant of movement and foraging activity of animals. Foraging in this landscape of fear, individuals need to decide where and when to move, and what resources to choose. Foraging theory predicts the outcome of these decisions based on energetic trade-offs, but complex interactions between perceived predation risk and preferences of foragers for certain functional traits of their resources are rarely considered. Here, we studied the interactive effects of perceived predation risk on food trait preferences and foraging behavior in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in experimental landscapes. Individuals (n = 19) were subjected for periods of 24 h to two extreme, risk-uniform landscapes (either risky or safe), containing 25 discrete food patches, filled with seeds of four plant species in even amounts. Seeds varied in functional traits: size, nutrients, and shape. We evaluated whether and how risk modifies forager preference for functional traits. We also investigated whether perceived risk and distance from shelter affected giving-up density (GUD), time in patches, and number of patch visits. In safe landscapes, individuals increased time spent in patches, lowered GUD and visited distant patches more often compared to risky landscapes. Individuals preferred bigger seeds independent of risk, but in the safe treatment they preferred fat-rich over carb-rich seeds. Thus, higher densities of resource levels remained in risky landscapes, while in safe landscapes resource density was lower and less diverse due to selective foraging. Our results suggest that the interaction of perceived risk and dietary preference adds an additional layer to the cascading effects of a landscape of fear which affects biodiversity at resource level.
KW  - foraging behavior
KW  - functional traits
KW  - giving-up density
KW  - myodes glareolus
KW  - perceived predation risk
KW  - seed ecology
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10330
SN  - 2045-7758
VL  - 13
IS  - 7
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stoltnow, Malte
A1  - Weis, Philipp
A1  - Korges, Maximilian
T1  - Hydrological controls on base metal precipitation and zoning at the porphyry-epithermal transition constrained by numerical modeling
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - Ore precipitation in porphyry copper systems is generally characterized by metal zoning (Cu-Mo to Zn-Pb-Ag), which is suggested to be variably related to solubility decreases during fluid cooling, fluid-rock interactions, partitioning during fluid phase separation and mixing with external fluids. Here, we present new advances of a numerical process model by considering published constraints on the temperature- and salinity-dependent solubility of Cu, Pb and Zn in the ore fluid. We quantitatively investigate the roles of vapor-brine separation, halite saturation, initial metal contents, fluid mixing and remobilization as first-order controls of the physical hydrology on ore formation. The results show that the magmatic vapor and brine phases ascend with different residence times but as miscible fluid mixtures, with salinity increases generating metal-undersaturated bulk fluids. The release rates of magmatic fluids affect the location of the thermohaline fronts, leading to contrasting mechanisms for ore precipitation: higher rates result in halite saturation without significant metal zoning, lower rates produce zoned ore shells due to mixing with meteoric water. Varying metal contents can affect the order of the final metal precipitation sequence. Redissolution of precipitated metals results in zoned ore shell patterns in more peripheral locations and also decouples halite saturation from ore precipitation.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30572-5
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Apriyanto, Ardha
A1  - Compart, Julia
A1  - Fettke, Jörg
T1  - Transcriptomic analysis of mesocarp tissue during fruit development of the oil palm revealed specific isozymes related to starch metabolism that control oil yield
JF  - Frontiers in plant science
N2  - The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) produces a large amount of oil from the fruit. However, increasing the oil production in this fruit is still challenging. A recent study has shown that starch metabolism is essential for oil synthesis in fruit-producing species. Therefore, the transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq was performed to observe gene expression alteration related to starch metabolism genes throughout the maturity stages of oil palm fruit with different oil yields. Gene expression profiles were examined with three different oil yields group (low, medium, and high) at six fruit development phases (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 22 weeks after pollination). We successfully identified and analyzed differentially expressed genes in oil palm mesocarps during development. The results showed that the transcriptome profile for each developmental phase was unique. Sucrose flux to the mesocarp tissue, rapid starch turnover, and high glycolytic activity have been identified as critical factors for oil production in oil palms. For starch metabolism and the glycolytic pathway, we identified specific gene expressions of enzyme isoforms (isozymes) that correlated with oil production, which may determine the oil content. This study provides valuable information for creating new high-oil-yielding palm varieties via breeding programs or genome editing approaches.
KW  - starch
KW  - oil yield
KW  - fruit development
KW  - gene expression
KW  - RNA-seq
KW  - and palm
KW  - oil
KW  - Elaeis guineensis Jacq
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1220237
SN  - 1664-462X
VL  - 14
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Compart, Julia
A1  - Singh, Aakanksha
A1  - Fettke, Jörg
A1  - Apriyanto, Ardha
T1  - Customizing starch properties
BT  - a review of starch modifications and their applications
JF  - Polymers
N2  - Starch has been a convenient, economically important polymer with substantial applications in the food and processing industry. However, native starches present restricted applications, which hinder their industrial usage. Therefore, modification of starch is carried out to augment the positive characteristics and eliminate the limitations of the native starches. Modifications of starch can result in generating novel polymers with numerous functional and value-added properties that suit the needs of the industry. Here, we summarize the possible starch modifications in planta and outside the plant system (physical, chemical, and enzymatic) and their corresponding applications. In addition, this review will highlight the implications of each starch property adjustment.
KW  - starch
KW  - starch modification
KW  - in planta modification
KW  - physical modification
KW  - chemical modification
KW  - enzymatic modification
KW  - starch application
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15163491
SN  - 2073-4360
VL  - 15
IS  - 16
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Berry, Paul E.
A1  - Dammhahn, Melanie
A1  - Blaum, Niels
T1  - Keeping cool on hot days
BT  - activity responses of African antelope to heat extremes
JF  - Frontiers in ecology and evolution
N2  - Long-lived organisms are likely to respond to a rapidly changing climate with behavioral flexibility. Animals inhabiting the arid parts of southern Africa face a particularly rapid rise in temperature which in combination with food and water scarcity places substantial constraints on the ability of animals to tolerate heat. We investigated how three species of African antelope-springbok Antidorcas marsupialis, kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros and eland T. oryx-differing in body size, habitat preference and movement ecology, change their activity in response to extreme heat in an arid savanna. Serving as a proxy for activity, dynamic body acceleration data recorded every five minutes were analyzed for seven to eight individuals per species for the three hottest months of the year. Activity responses to heat during the hottest time of day (the afternoons) were investigated and diel activity patterns were compared between hot and cool days. Springbok, which prefer open habitat, are highly mobile and the smallest of the species studied, showed the greatest decrease in activity with rising temperature. Furthermore, springbok showed reduced mean activity over the 24 h cycle on hot days compared to cool days. Large-bodied eland seemed less affected by afternoon heat than springbok. While eland also reduced diurnal activity on hot days compared to cool days, they compensated for this by increasing nocturnal activity, possibly because their predation risk is lower. Kudu, which are comparatively sedentary and typically occupy shady habitat, seemed least affected during the hottest time of day and showed no appreciable difference in diel activity patterns between hot and cool days. The interplay between habitat preference, body size, movement patterns, and other factors seems complex and even sub-lethal levels of heat stress have been shown to impact an animal's long-term survival and reproduction. Thus, differing heat tolerances among species could result in a shift in the composition of African herbivore communities as temperatures continue to rise, with significant implications for economically important wildlife-based land use and conservation.
KW  - springbok
KW  - kudu
KW  - eland
KW  - dynamic body acceleration
KW  - tri-axial accelerometers
KW  - behavioral flexibility
KW  - climate change
KW  - savanna ecology
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1172303
SN  - 2296-701X
VL  - 11
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stiegler, Jonas
A1  - Pahl, Janice
A1  - Guillen, Rafael Arce
A1  - Ullmann, Wiebke
A1  - Blaum, Niels
T1  - The heat is on
BT  - impacts of rising temperature on the activity of a common European mammal
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2  - Climate conditions severely impact the activity and, consequently, the fitness of wildlife species across the globe. Wildlife can respond to new climatic conditions, but the pace of human-induced change limits opportunities for adaptation or migration. Thus, how these changes affect behavior, movement patterns, and activity levels remains unclear. In this study, we investigate how extreme weather conditions affect the activity of European hares (Lepus europaeus) during their peak reproduction period. When hares must additionally invest energy in mating, prevailing against competitors, or lactating, we investigated their sensitivities to rising temperatures, wind speed, and humidity. To quantify their activity, we used the overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) calculated from tri-axial acceleration measurements of 33 GPS-collared hares. Our analysis revealed that temperature, humidity, and wind speed are important in explaining changes in activity, with a strong response for high temperatures above 25 & DEG;C and the highest change in activity during temperature extremes of over 35 & DEG;C during their inactive period. Further, we found a non-linear relationship between temperature and activity and an interaction of activity changes between day and night. Activity increased at higher temperatures during the inactive period (day) and decreased during the active period (night). This decrease was strongest during hot tropical nights. At a stage of life when mammals such as hares must substantially invest in reproduction, the sensitivity of females to extreme temperatures was particularly pronounced. Similarly, both sexes increased their activity at high humidity levels during the day and low wind speeds, irrespective of the time of day, while the effect of humidity was stronger for males. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the complex relationships between extreme weather conditions and mammal behavior, critical for conservation and management. With ongoing climate change, extreme weather events such as heat waves and heavy rainfall are predicted to occur more often and last longer. These events will directly impact the fitness of hares and other wildlife species and hence the population dynamics of already declining populations across Europe.
KW  - activity
KW  - ODBA
KW  - animal tracking
KW  - European hare
KW  - extreme weather events
KW  - climate change
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1193861
SN  - 2296-701X
VL  - 11
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cohen, Sarel
A1  - Hershcovitch, Moshik
A1  - Taraz, Martin
A1  - Kissig, Otto
A1  - Issac, Davis
A1  - Wood, Andrew
A1  - Waddington, Daniel
A1  - Chin, Peter
A1  - Friedrich, Tobias
T1  - Improved and optimized drug repurposing for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - The active global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused more than 426 million cases and 5.8 million deaths worldwide. The development of completely new drugs for such a novel disease is a challenging, time intensive process. Despite researchers around the world working on this task, no effective treatments have been developed yet. This emphasizes the importance of drug repurposing, where treatments are found among existing drugs that are meant for different diseases. A common approach to this is based on knowledge graphs, that condense relationships between entities like drugs, diseases and genes. Graph neural networks (GNNs) can then be used for the task at hand by predicting links in such knowledge graphs. Expanding on state-of-the-art GNN research, Doshi et al. recently developed the Dr-COVID model. We further extend their work using additional output interpretation strategies. The best aggregation strategy derives a top-100 ranking of 8,070 candidate drugs, 32 of which are currently being tested in COVID-19-related clinical trials. Moreover, we present an alternative application for the model, the generation of additional candidates based on a given pre-selection of drug candidates using collaborative filtering. In addition, we improved the implementation of the Dr-COVID model by significantly shortening the inference and pre-processing time by exploiting data-parallelism. As drug repurposing is a task that requires high computation and memory resources, we further accelerate the post-processing phase using a new emerging hardware-we propose a new approach to leverage the use of high-capacity Non-Volatile Memory for aggregate drug ranking.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266572
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kappattanavar, Arpita Mallikarjuna
A1  - Hecker, Pascal
A1  - Moontaha, Sidratul
A1  - Steckhan, Nico
A1  - Arnrich, Bert
T1  - Food choices after cognitive load
BT  - an affective computing approach
JF  - Sensors
N2  - Psychology and nutritional science research has highlighted the impact of negative emotions and cognitive load on calorie consumption behaviour using subjective questionnaires. Isolated studies in other domains objectively assess cognitive load without considering its effects on eating behaviour. This study aims to explore the potential for developing an integrated eating behaviour assistant system that incorporates cognitive load factors. Two experimental sessions were conducted using custom-developed experimentation software to induce different stimuli. During these sessions, we collected 30 h of physiological, food consumption, and affective states questionnaires data to automatically detect cognitive load and analyse its effect on food choice. Utilising grid search optimisation and leave-one-subject-out cross-validation, a support vector machine model achieved a mean classification accuracy of 85.12% for the two cognitive load tasks using eight relevant features. Statistical analysis was performed on calorie consumption and questionnaire data. Furthermore, 75% of the subjects with higher negative affect significantly increased consumption of specific foods after high-cognitive-load tasks. These findings offer insights into the intricate relationship between cognitive load, affective states, and food choice, paving the way for an eating behaviour assistant system to manage food choices during cognitive load. Future research should enhance system capabilities and explore real-world applications.
KW  - cognitive load
KW  - eating behaviour
KW  - machine learning
KW  - physiological signals
KW  - photoplethysmography
KW  - electrodermal activity
KW  - sensors
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146597
SN  - 1424-8220
VL  - 23
IS  - 14
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Garrels, Tim
A1  - Khodabakhsh, Athar
A1  - Renard, Bernhard Y.
A1  - Baum, Katharina
T1  - LazyFox: fast and parallelized overlapping community detection in large graphs
JF  - PEERJ Computer Science
N2  - The detection of communities in graph datasets provides insight about a graph's underlying structure and is an important tool for various domains such as social sciences, marketing, traffic forecast, and drug discovery. While most existing algorithms provide fast approaches for community detection, their results usually contain strictly separated communities. However, most datasets would semantically allow for or even require overlapping communities that can only be determined at much higher computational cost. We build on an efficient algorithm, FOX, that detects such overlapping communities. FOX measures the closeness of a node to a community by approximating the count of triangles which that node forms with that community. We propose LAZYFOX, a multi-threaded adaptation of the FOX algorithm, which provides even faster detection without an impact on community quality. This allows for the analyses of significantly larger and more complex datasets. LAZYFOX enables overlapping community detection on complex graph datasets with millions of nodes and billions of edges in days instead of weeks. As part of this work, LAZYFOX's implementation was published and is available as a tool under an MIT licence at https://github.com/TimGarrels/LazyFox.
KW  - Overlapping community detection
KW  - Large networks
KW  - Weighted clustering coefficient
KW  - Heuristic triangle estimation
KW  - Parallelized algorithm
KW  - C++ tool
KW  - Runtime improvement
KW  - Open source
KW  - Graph algorithm
KW  - Community analysis
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1291
SN  - 2376-5992
VL  - 9
PB  - PeerJ Inc.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gärtner, Thomas
A1  - Schneider, Juliana
A1  - Arnrich, Bert
A1  - Konigorski, Stefan
T1  - Comparison of Bayesian Networks, G-estimation and linear models to estimate causal treatment effects in aggregated N-of-1 trials with carry-over effects
JF  - BMC Medical Research Methodology
N2  - Background
The aggregation of a series of N-of-1 trials presents an innovative and efficient study design, as an alternative to traditional randomized clinical trials. Challenges for the statistical analysis arise when there is carry-over or complex dependencies of the treatment effect of interest.

Methods
In this study, we evaluate and compare methods for the analysis of aggregated N-of-1 trials in different scenarios with carry-over and complex dependencies of treatment effects on covariates. For this, we simulate data of a series of N-of-1 trials for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain based on assumed causal relationships parameterized by directed acyclic graphs. In addition to existing statistical methods such as regression models, Bayesian Networks, and G-estimation, we introduce a carry-over adjusted parametric model (COAPM).

Results
The results show that all evaluated existing models have a good performance when there is no carry-over and no treatment dependence. When there is carry-over, COAPM yields unbiased and more efficient estimates while all other methods show some bias in the estimation. When there is known treatment dependence, all approaches that are capable to model it yield unbiased estimates. Finally, the efficiency of all methods decreases slightly when there are missing values, and the bias in the estimates can also increase.

Conclusions
This study presents a systematic evaluation of existing and novel approaches for the statistical analysis of a series of N-of-1 trials. We derive practical recommendations which methods may be best in which scenarios.
KW  - N-of-1 trials
KW  - Randomized clinical trials
KW  - Bayesian Networks;
KW  - G-estimation
KW  - Linear model
KW  - Simulation study
KW  - Chronic Nonspecific Low
KW  - Back Pain
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-023-02012-5
SN  - 1471-2288
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
PB  - BMC
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Moontaha, Sidratul
A1  - Schumann, Franziska Elisabeth Friederike
A1  - Arnrich, Bert
T1  - Online learning for wearable EEG-Based emotion classification
JF  - Sensors
N2  - Giving emotional intelligence to machines can facilitate the early detection and prediction of mental diseases and symptoms. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition is widely applied because it measures electrical correlates directly from the brain rather than indirect measurement of other physiological responses initiated by the brain. Therefore, we used non-invasive and portable EEG sensors to develop a real-time emotion classification pipeline. The pipeline trains different binary classifiers for Valence and Arousal dimensions from an incoming EEG data stream achieving a 23.9% (Arousal) and 25.8% (Valence) higher F1-Score on the state-of-art AMIGOS dataset than previous work. Afterward, the pipeline was applied to the curated dataset from 15 participants using two consumer-grade EEG devices while watching 16 short emotional videos in a controlled environment. Mean F1-Scores of 87% (Arousal) and 82% (Valence) were achieved for an immediate label setting. Additionally, the pipeline proved to be fast enough to achieve predictions in real-time in a live scenario with delayed labels while continuously being updated. The significant discrepancy from the readily available labels on the classification scores leads to future work to include more data. Thereafter, the pipeline is ready to be used for real-time applications of emotion classification.
KW  - online learning
KW  - real-time
KW  - emotion classification
KW  - AMIGOS dataset
KW  - wearable EEG (muse and neurosity crown)
KW  - psychopy experiments
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052387
SN  - 1424-8220
VL  - 23
IS  - 5
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Braun, Jean
A1  - Gemignani, Lorenzo
A1  - van der Beek, Pieter A.
T1  - Extracting information on the spatial variability in erosion rate stored in detrital cooling age distributions in river sands
JF  - Earth surface dynamics
N2  - One of the main purposes of detrital thermochronology is to provide constraints on the regional-scale exhumation rate and its spatial variability in actively eroding mountain ranges. Procedures that use cooling age distributions coupled with hypsometry and thermal models have been developed in order to extract quantitative estimates of erosion rate and its spatial distribution, assuming steady state between tectonic uplift and erosion. This hypothesis precludes the use of these procedures to assess the likely transient response of mountain belts to changes in tectonic or climatic forcing. Other methods are based on an a priori knowledge of the in situ distribution of ages to interpret the detrital age distributions. In this paper, we describe a simple method that, using the observed detrital mineral age distributions collected along a river, allows us to extract information about the relative distribution of erosion rates in an eroding catchment without relying on a steady-state assumption, the value of thermal parameters or an a priori knowledge of in situ age distributions. The model is based on a relatively low number of parameters describing lithological variability among the various sub-catchments and their sizes and only uses the raw ages. The method we propose is tested against synthetic age distributions to demonstrate its accuracy and the optimum conditions for it use. In order to illustrate the method, we invert age distributions collected along the main trunk of the Tsangpo-Siang-Brahmaputra river system in the eastern Himalaya. From the inversion of the cooling age distributions we predict present-day erosion rates of the catchments along the Tsangpo-Siang-Brahmaputra river system, as well as some of its tributaries. We show that detrital age distributions contain dual information about present-day erosion rate, i. e., from the predicted distribution of surface ages within each catchment and from the relative contribution of any given catchment to the river distribution. The method additionally allows comparing modern erosion rates to long-term exhumation rates. We provide a simple implementation of the method in Python code within a Jupyter Notebook that includes the data used in this paper for illustration purposes.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-257-2018
SN  - 2196-6311
SN  - 2196-632X
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
SP  - 257
EP  - 270
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ariagno, Coline
A1  - Le Bouteiller, Caroline
A1  - van der Beek, Pieter A.
A1  - Klotz, Sébastien
T1  - Sediment export in marly badland catchments modulated by frost-cracking intensity, Draix–Bléone Critical Zone Observatory, SE France
JF  - Earth surface dynamics : ESURF ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - At the interface between the lithosphere and the atmosphere, the critical zone records the complex interactions between erosion, climate, geologic substrate, and life and can be directly monitored. Long data records (30 consecutive years for sediment yields) collected in the sparsely vegetated, steep, and small marly badland catchments of the Draix-Bleone Critical Zone Observatory (CZO), SE France, allow analyzing potential climatic controls on regolith dynamics and sediment export. Although widely accepted as a first-order control, rainfall variability does not fully explain the observed interannual variability in sediment export. Previous studies in this area have suggested that frost-weathering processes could drive regolith production and potentially modulate the observed pattern of sediment export. Here, we define sediment export anomalies as the residuals from a predictive model with annual rainfall intensity above a threshold as the control. We then use continuous soil temperature data recorded at different locations over multiple years to highlight the role of different frost-weathering processes (i.e., ice segregation versus volumetric expansion) in regolith production. Several proxies for different frost-weathering processes have been calculated from these data and compared to the sediment export anomalies, with careful consideration of field data quality. Our results suggest that frost-cracking intensity (linked to ice segregation) can explain about half (47 %-64 %) of the sediment export anomalies. In contrast, the number of freeze-thaw cycles (linked to volumetric expansion) has only a minor impact on catchment sediment response. The time spent below 0 degrees C also correlates well with the sediment export anomalies and requires fewer field data to be calculated than the frost-cracking intensity. Thus, frost-weathering processes modulate sediment export by controlling regolith production in these catchments and should be taken into account when building predictive models of sediment export from these badlands under a changing climate.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-81-2022
SN  - 2196-6311
SN  - 2196-632X
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
SP  - 81
EP  - 96
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Peter, Lena
A1  - Wendering, Désirée Jacqueline
A1  - Schlickeiser, Stephan
A1  - Hoffmann, Henrike
A1  - Noster, Rebecca
A1  - Wagner, Dimitrios Laurin
A1  - Zarrinrad, Ghazaleh
A1  - Münch, Sandra
A1  - Picht, Samira
A1  - Schulenberg, Sarah
A1  - Moradian, Hanieh
A1  - Mashreghi, Mir-Farzin
A1  - Klein, Oliver
A1  - Gossen, Manfred
A1  - Roch, Toralf
A1  - Babel, Nina
A1  - Reinke, Petra
A1  - Volk, Hans-Dieter
A1  - Amini, Leila
A1  - Schmueck-Henneresse, Michael
T1  - Tacrolimus-resistant SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell products to prevent and treat severe COVID-19 in immunosuppressed patients
JF  - Molecular therapy methods and clinical development
N2  - Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients receive therapeutic immunosuppression that compromises their immune response to infections and vaccines. For this reason, SOT patients have a high risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and an increased risk of death from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Moreover, the efficiency of immunotherapies and vaccines is reduced due to the constant immunosuppression in this patient group. Here, we propose adoptive transfer of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells made resistant to a common immunosuppressant, tacrolimus, for optimized performance in the immunosuppressed patient. Using a ribonucleoprotein approach of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we have generated tacrolimus-resistant SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell products from convalescent donors and demonstrate their specificity and function through characterizations at the single-cell level, including flow cytometry, single-cell RNA (scRNA) Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes (CITE), and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing analyses. Based on the promising results, we aim for clinical validation of this approach in transplant recipients. Additionally, we propose a combinatory approach with tacrolimus, to prevent an overshooting immune response manifested as bystander T cell activation in the setting of severe COVID-19 immunopathology, and tacrolimus-resistant SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell products, allowing for efficient clearance of viral infection. Our strategy has the potential to prevent severe COVID-19 courses in SOT or autoimmunity settings and to prevent immunopathology while providing viral clearance in severe non-transplant COVID-19 cases.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtm.2022.02.012
SN  - 2329-0501
VL  - 25
SP  - 52
EP  - 73
PB  - Cell Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Barcena, Maria Luisa
A1  - Aslam, Muhammad
A1  - Pozdniakova, Sofya
A1  - Norman, Kristina
A1  - Ladilov, Yury
T1  - Cardiovascular inflammaging: mechanisms and translational aspects
JF  - Cells
N2  - Aging is one of the major non-reversible risk factors for several chronic diseases, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, dementia, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and it is a key cause of multimorbidity, disability, and frailty (decreased physical activity, fatigue, and weight loss). The underlying cellular mechanisms are complex and consist of multifactorial processes, such as telomere shortening, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of senescent cells, and reduced autophagy. In this review, we focused on the molecular mechanisms and translational aspects of cardiovascular aging-related inflammation, i.e., inflammaging.
KW  - cardiac inflammaging
KW  - vascular senescence
KW  - mitochondrial homeostasis
KW  - microbiome
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11061010
SN  - 2073-4409
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fuchs, Matthias
A1  - Palmtag, Juri
A1  - Juhls, Bennet
A1  - Overduin, Pier Paul
A1  - Grosse, Guido
A1  - Abdelwahab, Ahmed
A1  - Bedington, Michael
A1  - Sanders, Tina
A1  - Ogneva, Olga
A1  - Fedorova, Irina
A1  - Zimov, Nikita S.
A1  - Mann, Paul J.
A1  - Strauss, Jens
T1  - High-resolution bathymetry models for the Lena Delta and Kolyma Gulf coastal zones
JF  - Earth system science data
N2  - Arctic river deltas and deltaic near-shore zones represent important land-ocean transition zones influencing sediment dynamics and nutrient fluxes from permafrost-affected terrestrial ecosystems into the coastal Arctic Ocean. To accurately model fluvial carbon and freshwater export from rapidly changing river catchments as well as assess impacts of future change on the Arctic shelf and coastal ecosystems, we need to understand the sea floor characteristics and topographic variety of the coastal zones. To date, digital bathymetrical data from the poorly accessible, shallow, and large areas of the eastern Siberian Arctic shelves are sparse. We have digitized bathymetrical information for nearly 75 000 locations from large-scale (1 V 25000-1 V 500000) current and historical nautical maps of the Lena Delta and the Kolyma Gulf region in northeastern Siberia. We present the first detailed and seamless digital models of coastal zone bathymetry for both delta and gulf regions in 50 and 200m spatial resolution. We validated the resulting bathymetry layers using a combination of our own water depth measurements and a collection of available depth measurements, which showed a strong correlation (r>0.9). Our bathymetrical models will serve as an input for a high-resolution coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem model to better quantify fluvial and coastal carbon fluxes to the Arctic Ocean, but they may be useful for a range of other studies related to Arctic delta and near-shore dynamics such as modeling of submarine permafrost, near-shore sea ice, or shelf sediment transport. The new digital high-resolution bathymetry products are available on the PANGAEA data set repository for the Lena Delta (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934045; Fuchs et al., 2021a) and Kolyma Gulf region (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934049; Fuchs et al., 2021b), respectively. Likewise, the depth validation data are available on PANGAEA as well (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933187; Fuchs et al., 2021c).
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2279-2022
SN  - 1866-3508
SN  - 1866-3516
VL  - 14
IS  - 5
SP  - 2279
EP  - 2301
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Cesca, Simone
A1  - Stich, Daniel
A1  - Grigoli, Francesco
A1  - Vuan, Alessandro
A1  - López-Comino, José Ángel
A1  - Niemz, Peter
A1  - Blanch, Estefanía
A1  - Dahm, Torsten
A1  - Ellsworth, William L.
T1  - Reply to: Multiple induced seismicity mechanisms at Castor underground gas storage illustrate the need for thorough monitoring
T2  - Nature communications
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30904-5
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Research
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim
A1  - Iruela-Arispe, M. Luisa
A1  - Penninger, Josef M.
A1  - Tournier-Lasserve, Elisabeth
A1  - Vikkula, Miikka
A1  - Cleaver, Ondine
T1  - Recalibrating vascular malformations and mechanotransduction by pharmacological intervention
JF  - Journal of clinical investigation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI160227
SN  - 0021-9738
SN  - 1558-8238
VL  - 132
IS  - 8
PB  - American Society for Clinical Investigation
CY  - Ann Arbor
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Li, Jian
A1  - Shen, Jinhua
A1  - Zhang, Xiaoli
A1  - Peng, Yangqin
A1  - Zhang, Qin
A1  - Hu, Liang
A1  - Reichetzeder, Christoph
A1  - Zeng, Suimin
A1  - Li, Jing
A1  - Tian, Mei
A1  - Gong, Fei
A1  - Lin, Ge
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
T1  - Risk factors associated with preterm birth after IVF/ICSI
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - In vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) is associated with an increased risk of preterm (33rd-37th gestational week) and early preterm birth (20th-32nd gestational week). The underlying general and procedure related risk factors are not well understood so far. 4328 infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI were entered into this study. The study population was divided into three groups: (a) early preterm birth group (n = 66), (b) preterm birth group (n = 675) and (c) full-term birth group (n = 3653). Odds for preterm birth were calculated by stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. We identified seven independent risk factors for preterm birth and four independent risk factors for early preterm birth. Older (> 39) or younger (< 25) maternal age (OR: 1.504, 95% CI 1.108-2.042, P = 0.009; OR: 2.125, 95% CI 1.049-4.304, P = 0.036, respectively), multiple pregnancy (OR: 9.780, 95% CI 8.014-11.935, P < 0.001; OR: 8.588, 95% CI 4.866-15.157, P < 0.001, respectively), placenta previa (OR: 14.954, 95% CI 8.053-27.767, P < 0.001; OR: 16.479, 95% CI 4.381-61.976, P < 0.001, respectively), and embryo reduction (OR: 3.547, 95% CI 1.736-7.249, P = 0.001; OR: 7.145, 95% CI 1.990-25.663, P = 0.003, respectively) were associated with preterm birth and early preterm birth, whereas gestational hypertension (OR: 2.494, 95% CI 1.770-3.514, P < 0.001), elevated triglycerides (OR: 1.120, 95% CI 1.011-1.240, P = 0.030) and shorter activated partial thromboplastin time (OR: 0.967, 95% CI 0.949-0.985, P < 0.001) were associated only with preterm birth. In conclusion, preterm and early preterm birth risk factors in patients undergoing assisted IVF/ICSI are in general similar to those in natural pregnancy. The lack of some associations in the early preterm group was most likely due to the lower number of early preterm birth cases. Only embryo reduction represents an IVF/ICSI specific risk factor.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12149-w
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Research
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Xu, Huizhen
A1  - Giannetti, Alessandro
A1  - Sugiyama, Yuki
A1  - Zheng, Wenna
A1  - Schneider, René
A1  - Watanabe, Yoichiro
A1  - Oda, Yoshihisa
A1  - Persson, Staffan
T1  - Secondary cell wall patterning-connecting the dots, pits and helices
JF  - Open biology
N2  - All plant cells are encased in primary cell walls that determine plant morphology, but also protect the cells against the environment. Certain cells also produce a secondary wall that supports mechanically demanding processes, such as maintaining plant body stature and water transport inside plants. Both these walls are primarily composed of polysaccharides that are arranged in certain patterns to support cell functions. A key requisite for patterned cell walls is the arrangement of cortical microtubules that may direct the delivery of wall polymers and/or cell wall producing enzymes to certain plasma membrane locations. Microtubules also steer the synthesis of cellulose-the load-bearing structure in cell walls-at the plasma membrane. The organization and behaviour of the microtubule array are thus of fundamental importance to cell wall patterns. These aspects are controlled by the coordinated effort of small GTPases that probably coordinate a Turing's reaction-diffusion mechanism to drive microtubule patterns. Here, we give an overview on how wall patterns form in the water-transporting xylem vessels of plants. We discuss systems that have been used to dissect mechanisms that underpin the xylem wall patterns, emphasizing the VND6 and VND7 inducible systems, and outline challenges that lay ahead in this field.
KW  - plant cell wall
KW  - microtubules
KW  - xylem
KW  - cell wall patterning
KW  - cellulose
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210208
SN  - 2046-2441
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
PB  - Royal Society
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Walch, Daniela M. R.
A1  - Singh, Rakesh K.
A1  - Soreide, Janne E.
A1  - Lantuit, Hugues
A1  - Poste, Amanda
T1  - Spatio-temporal variability of suspended particulate matter in a high-arctic estuary (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) using sentinel-2 time-series
JF  - Remote sensing
N2  - Arctic coasts, which feature land-ocean transport of freshwater, sediments, and other terrestrial material, are impacted by climate change, including increased temperatures, melting glaciers, changes in precipitation and runoff. 
These trends are assumed to affect productivity in fjordic estuaries. 
However, the spatial extent and temporal variation of the freshwater-driven darkening of fjords remain unresolved. 

The present study illustrates the spatio-temporal variability of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Adventfjorden estuary, Svalbard, using in-situ field campaigns and ocean colour remote sensing (OCRS) via high-resolution Sentinel-2 imagery. 
To compute SPM concentration (C-SPMsat), a semi-analytical algorithm was regionally calibrated using local in-situ data, which improved the accuracy of satellite-derived SPM concentration by similar to 20% (MRD). Analysis of SPM concentration for two consecutive years (2019, 2020) revealed strong seasonality of SPM in Adventfjorden. 
Highest estimated SPM concentrations and river plume extent (% of fjord with C-SPMsat > 30 mg L-1) occurred during June, July, and August. 

Concurrently, we observed a strong relationship between river plume extent and average air temperature over the 24 h prior to the observation (R-2 = 0.69). 
Considering predicted changes to environmental conditions in the Arctic region, this study highlights the importance of the rapidly changing environmental parameters and the significance of remote sensing in analysing fluxes in light attenuating particles, especially in the coastal Arctic Ocean.
KW  - ocean colour
KW  - coastal darkening
KW  - SPM
KW  - sediment plumes
KW  - Arctic coast
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - regional tuning
KW  - coastal ecosystems;
KW  - land-ocean-interaction
KW  - riverine inputs
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133123
SN  - 2072-4292
VL  - 14
IS  - 13
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kaa, Johannes M.
A1  - Sternemann, Christian
A1  - Appel, Karen
A1  - Cerantola, Valerio
A1  - Preston, Thomas R.
A1  - Albers, Christian
A1  - Elbers, Mirko
A1  - Libon, Lelia
A1  - Makita, Mikako
A1  - Pelka, Alexander
A1  - Petitgirard, Sylvain
A1  - Plückthun, Christian
A1  - Roddatis, Vladimir
A1  - Sahle, Christoph J.
A1  - Spiekermann, Georg
A1  - Schmidt, Christian
A1  - Schreiber, Anja
A1  - Sakrowski, Robin
A1  - Tolan, Metin
A1  - Wilke, Max
A1  - Zastrau, Ulf
A1  - Konopkova, Zuzana
T1  - Structural and electron spin state changes in an x-ray heated iron carbonate system at the Earth's lower mantle pressures
JF  - Physical review research
N2  - The determination of the spin state of iron-bearing compounds at high pressure and temperature is crucial for our understanding of chemical and physical properties of the deep Earth. Studies on the relationship between the coordination of iron and its electronic spin structure in iron-bearing oxides, silicates, carbonates, iron alloys, and other minerals found in the Earth's mantle and core are scarce because of the technical challenges to simultaneously probe the sample at high pressures and temperatures. We used the unique properties of a pulsed and highly brilliant x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) beam at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument of the European XFEL to x-ray heat and probe samples contained in a diamond anvil cell. We heated and probed with the same x-ray pulse train and simultaneously measured x-ray emission and x-ray diffraction of an FeCO3 sample at a pressure of 51 GPa with up to melting temperatures. We collected spin state sensitive Fe K beta(1,3) fluorescence spectra and detected the sample's structural changes via diffraction, observing the inverse volume collapse across the spin transition. During x-ray heating, the carbonate transforms into orthorhombic Fe4C3O12 and iron oxides. Incipient melting was also observed. This approach to collect information about the electronic state and structural changes from samples contained in a diamond anvil cell at melting temperatures and above will considerably improve our understanding of the structure and dynamics of planetary and exoplanetary interiors.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.033042
SN  - 2643-1564
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhang, Zhihao
A1  - Wang, Ting
A1  - Kuang, Jin
A1  - Herold, Fabian
A1  - Ludyga, Sebastian
A1  - Li, Jingming
A1  - Hall, Daniel L.
A1  - Taylor, Alyx
A1  - Healy, Sean
A1  - Yeung, Albert S.
A1  - Kramer, Arthur F.
A1  - Zou, Liye
T1  - The roles of exercise tolerance and resilience in the effect of physical activity on emotional states among college students
JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology
N2  - Background/objective: Negative emotional states, such as depression, anxiety, and stress challenge health care due to their long-term consequences for mental disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates that regular physical activity (PA) can positively influence negative emotional states. Among possible candidates, resilience and exercise tolerance in particular have the potential to partly explain the positive effects of PA on negative emotional states. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between PA and negative emotional states, and further determine the mediating effects of exercise tolerance and resilience in such a relationship. Method: In total, 1117 Chinese college students (50.4% female, Mage=18.90, SD=1.25) completed a psychosocial battery, including the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire (PRETIE-Q), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF). Regression analysis was used to identify the serial multiple mediation, controlling for gender, age and BMI. Results: PA, exercise intensity-tolerance, and resilience were significantly negatively correlated with negative emotional states (Ps<.05). Further, exercise tolerance and resilience partially mediated the relationship between PA and negative emotional states. Conclusions: Resilience and exercise intensity-tolerance can be achieved through regularly engaging in PA, and these newly observed variables play critical roles in prevention of mental illnesses, especially college students who face various challenges. Recommended amount of PA should be incorporated into curriculum or sport clubs within a campus environment.
KW  - Exercise tolerance
KW  - Resilience
KW  - Physical activity
KW  - Emotion
KW  - Depression
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100312
SN  - 1697-2600
SN  - 1576-7329
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kumar, Rohini
A1  - Hesse, Fabienne
A1  - Rao, P. Srinivasa
A1  - Musolff, Andreas
A1  - Jawitz, James
A1  - Sarrazin, Francois
A1  - Samaniego, Luis
A1  - Fleckenstein, Jan H.
A1  - Rakovec, Oldrich
A1  - Thober, S.
A1  - Attinger, Sabine
T1  - Strong hydroclimatic controls on vulnerability to subsurface nitrate contamination across Europe
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Subsurface contamination due to excessive nutrient surpluses is a persistent and widespread problem in agricultural areas across Europe. The vulnerability of a particular location to pollution from reactive solutes, such as nitrate, is determined by the interplay between hydrologic transport and biogeochemical transformations. Current studies on the controls of subsurface vulnerability do not consider the transient behaviour of transport dynamics in the root zone. Here, using state-of-the-art hydrologic simulations driven by observed hydroclimatic forcing, we demonstrate the strong spatiotemporal heterogeneity of hydrologic transport dynamics and reveal that these dynamics are primarily controlled by the hydroclimatic gradient of the aridity index across Europe. Contrasting the space-time dynamics of transport times with reactive timescales of denitrification in soil indicate that similar to 75% of the cultivated areas across Europe are potentially vulnerable to nitrate leaching for at least onethird of the year. We find that neglecting the transient nature of transport and reaction timescale results in a great underestimation of the extent of vulnerable regions by almost 50%. Therefore, future vulnerability and risk assessment studies must account for the transient behaviour of transport and biogeochemical transformation processes.
KW  - travel time distributions
KW  - groundwater vulnerability
KW  - flux tracking
KW  - transit-time
KW  - water age
KW  - nitrogen
KW  - model
KW  - dynamics
KW  - pollution
KW  - patterns
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19955-8
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Nature Publishing Group UK
CY  - London
ER  -