TY - GEN
A1 - Paoli, Antonio
A1 - Moro, Tatiana
A1 - Lorenzetti, Silvio
A1 - Seiler, Jan
A1 - Lüthy, Fabian
A1 - Gross, Micah
A1 - Roggio, Federico
A1 - Chaabene, Helmi
A1 - Musumeci, Giuseppe
T1 - The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series
BT - Resistance Training
T2 - Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
N2 - We are glad to introduce the Second Journal Club of Volume Five, Second Issue. This edition is focused on relevant studies published in the last few years in the field of resistance training, chosen by our Editorial Board members and their colleagues. We hope to stimulate your curiosity in this field and to share with you the passion for the sport, seen also from the scientific point of view. The Editorial Board members wish you an inspiring lecture.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5020025
SN - 2411-5142
VL - 5
IS - 2
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Lemke, Tristan
T1 - Keine Reform für die Zukunft
T2 - Verfassungsblog : on matters constitutional
N2 - Am 1. Januar 2021 trat die jüngste Reform des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes (EEG) in Kraft. Sie führte mit der finanziellen Beteiligung der Gemeinden an den Erträgen der Windenergie klammheimlich eine verfassungswidrige Abgabe ein: Durch das Zusammenspiel des neuen § 36k EEG 2021 mit der altbekannten EEG-Umlage fließt eine bei den Strom-Endverbrauchern erhobene Abgabe in die kommunalen Haushalte. Das kann auf keine Gesetzgebungskompetenz gestützt werden. Darüber hinaus führt die Deckelung der EEG-Umlage in den Jahren 2021 und 2022 in Verbindung mit § 36k EEG 2021 dazu, dass in verfassungswidriger Weise Bundesmittel den Gemeinden zur freien Verfügung gestellt werden.
KW - Abgabe
KW - Umlage
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.17176/20210130-222740-0
SN - 2366-7044
PB - Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wyckmans, Florent
A1 - Otto, A. Ross
A1 - Sebold, Miriam
A1 - Daw, Nathaniel
A1 - Bechara, Antoine
A1 - Saeremans, Mélanie
A1 - Kornreich, Charles
A1 - Chatard, Armand
A1 - Jaafari, Nemat
A1 - Noël, Xavier
T1 - Reduced model-based decision-making in gambling disorder
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - Compulsive behaviors (e.g., addiction) can be viewed as an aberrant decision process where inflexible reactions automatically evoked by stimuli (habit) take control over decision making to the detriment of a more flexible (goal-oriented) behavioral learning system. These behaviors are thought to arise from learning algorithms known as "model-based" and "model-free" reinforcement learning. Gambling disorder, a form of addiction without the confound of neurotoxic effects of drugs, showed impaired goal-directed control but the way in which problem gamblers (PG) orchestrate model-based and model-free strategies has not been evaluated. Forty-nine PG and 33 healthy participants (CP) completed a two-step sequential choice task for which model-based and model-free learning have distinct and identifiable trial-by-trial learning signatures. The influence of common psychopathological comorbidities on those two forms of learning were investigated. PG showed impaired model-based learning, particularly after unrewarded outcomes. In addition, PG exhibited faster reaction times than CP following unrewarded decisions. Troubled mood, higher impulsivity (i.e., positive and negative urgency) and current and chronic stress reported via questionnaires did not account for those results. These findings demonstrate specific reinforcement learning and decision-making deficits in behavioral addiction that advances our understanding and may be important dimensions for designing effective interventions.
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56161-z
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 9
PB - Nature Publ. Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kaminski, Jakob A.
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Awasthi, Swapnil
A1 - Ruggeri, Barbara
A1 - Deserno, Lorenz
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Bokde, Arun L. W.
A1 - Bromberg, Uli
A1 - Büchel, Christian
A1 - Quinlan, Erin Burke
A1 - Desrivieres, Sylvane
A1 - Flor, Herta
A1 - Frouin, Vincent
A1 - Garavan, Hugh
A1 - Gowland, Penny
A1 - Ittermann, Bernd
A1 - Martinot, Jean-Luc
A1 - Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere
A1 - Nees, Frauke
A1 - Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos
A1 - Paus, Tomas
A1 - Poustka, Luise
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Fröhner, Juliane H.
A1 - Walter, Henrik
A1 - Whelan, Robert
A1 - Ripke, Stephan
A1 - Schumann, Gunter
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
T1 - Epigenetic variance in dopamine D2 receptor
BT - a marker of IQ malleability?
JF - Translational Psychiatry
N2 - Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to cognitive test performance. A substantial increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century within one generation is unlikely to be explained by genetic changes. One possible explanation for the strong malleability of cognitive performance measure is that environmental factors modify gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic factors may help to understand the recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events. The possible manifestation of malleable biomarkers contributing to variance in cognitive test performance, and thus possibly contributing to the "missing heritability" between estimates from twin studies and variance explained by genetic markers, is still unclear. Here we show in 1475 healthy adolescents from the IMaging and GENetics (IMAGEN) sample that general IQ (gIQ) is associated with (1) polygenic scores for intelligence, (2) epigenetic modification of DRD2 gene, (3) gray matter density in striatum, and (4) functional striatal activation elicited by temporarily surprising reward-predicting cues. Comparing the relative importance for the prediction of gIQ in an overlapping subsample, our results demonstrate neurobiological correlates of the malleability of gIQ and point to equal importance of genetic variance, epigenetic modification of DRD2 receptor gene, as well as functional striatal activation, known to influence dopamine neurotransmission. Peripheral epigenetic markers are in need of confirmation in the central nervous system and should be tested in longitudinal settings specifically assessing individual and environmental factors that modify epigenetic structure.
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-018-0222-7
SN - 2158-3188
VL - 8
PB - Nature Publ. Group
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gellert, Paul
A1 - Häusler, Andreas
A1 - Suhr, Ralf
A1 - Gholami, Maryam
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Kuhlmey, Adelheid
A1 - Nordheim, Johanna
T1 - Testing the stress-buffering hypothesis of social support in couples coping with early-stage dementia
JF - PLoS one
N2 - Purpose:
To test whether the negative relationship between perceived stress and quality of life (Hypothesis 1) can be buffered by perceived social support in patients with dementia as well as in caregivers individually (Hypothesis 2: actor effects) and across partners (Hypothesis 3: partner effects and actor-partner effects).
Method:
A total of 108 couples (N = 216 individuals) comprised of one individual with early-stage dementia and one caregiving partner were assessed at baseline and one month apart. Moderation effects were investigated by applying linear mixed models and actor-partner interdependence models.
Results:
Although the stress-quality of life association was more pronounced in caregivers (beta = -.63, p<.001) compared to patients (beta= -.31, p<.001), this association was equally moderated by social support in patients (beta = .14, p<.05) and in the caregivers (beta =.13, p<.05). From one partner to his or her counterpart, the partner buffering and actor-partner-buffering effect were not present.
Conclusion:
The stress-buffering effect has been replicated in individuals with dementia and caregivers but not across partners. Interventions to improve quality of life through perceived social support should not only focus on caregivers, but should incorporate both partners.
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189849
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 13
IS - 1
PB - PLoS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Sommer, C.
A1 - Nebe, S.
A1 - Sebold, Miriam
A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören
A1 - Wittchen, H. U.
A1 - Smolka, M.
A1 - Zimmermann, U.
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Huys, Q.
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Heinz, A.
T1 - Pavlovian-instrumental transfer in the course of alcohol use disorder
T2 - European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists
N2 - Background: Pavlovian processes are thought to play an important role in the development, maintenance and relapse of alcohol dependence, possibly by influencing and usurping on- going thought and behavior. The influence of Pavlovian stimuli on on-going behavior is paradigmatically measured by Pavlovian-to-instrumental-transfer (PIT) tasks. These involve multiple stages and are complex. Whether increased PIT is involved in human alcohol
dependence is uncertain. We therefore aimed to establish and validate a modified PIT paradigm that would be robust, consistent, and tolerated by healthy controls as well as by patients suffering from alcohol dependence, and to explore whether alcohol dependence is associated with enhanced Pavlovian-Instrumental transfer.
Methods: 32 recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 32 age and gender matched healthy controls performed a PIT task with instrumental go/no-go approach behaviours. The task involved both Pavlovian stimuli associated with monetary rewards and losses, and images of drinks.
Results: Both patients and healthy controls showed a robust and temporally stable PIT effect. Strengths of PIT effects to drug-related and monetary conditioned stimuli were highly correlated. Patients more frequently showed a PIT effect and the effect was stronger in response to aversively conditioned CSs (conditioned suppression), but there was no group difference in response to appetitive CSs.
Conclusion: The implementation of PIT has favorably robust properties in chronic alcohol- dependent patients and in healthy controls. It shows internal consistency between monetary and drug-related cues. The findings support an association of alcohol dependence with an increased propensity towards PIT.
Y1 - 2018
SN - 0924-9338
SN - 1778-3585
VL - 48
SP - S546
EP - S546
PB - Elsevier
CY - ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heissel, Andreas
A1 - Pietrek, Anou F.
A1 - Schwefel, Melanie
A1 - Abula, Kahar
A1 - Wilbertz, Gregor
A1 - Heinzel, Stephan
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
T1 - STEP.De study
BT - a multicentre cluster-randomised effectiveness trial of exercise therapy for patients with depressive symptoms in healthcare services : study protocol
JF - BMJ open
N2 - Introduction Although exercise therapy has widely been shown to be an efficacious treatment modality for depression, evidence for its effectiveness and cost efficiency is lacking. The Sport/Exercise Therapy for Depression study is a multicentre cluster-randomised effectiveness trial that aims to compare the effectiveness and cost efficiency of exercise therapy and psychotherapy as antidepressant treatment.
Methods and analysis 480 patients (aged 18-65) with an International Classification of Diseases diagnosis associated with depressive symptoms are recruited. Up to 30 clusters (psychotherapists) are randomly assigned to allocate patients to either an exercise or a psychotherapy treatment as usual in a 2: 1 ratio. The primary outcome (depressive symptoms) and the secondary outcomes (work and social adjustment, quality of life) will be assessed at six measurement time points (t0: baseline, t1: 8 weeks after treatment initiation, t2: 16 weeks after treatment initiation, t3/ 4/5: 2, 6, 12 months after treatment). Linear regression analyses will be used for the primary endpoint data analysis. For the secondary endpoints, mixed linear and logistic regression models with fixed and random factors will be added. For the cost efficiency analysis, expenditures in the 12 months before and after the intervention and the outcome difference will be compared between groups in a multilevel model. Recruitment start date was 1 July 2018 and the planned recruitment end date is 31 December 2020.
Ethics and dissemination The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Potsdam (No. 17/2018) and the Freie Universitat Berlin (No. 206/2018) and registered in the ISRCTN registry. Informed written consent will be obtained from all participants. The study will be reported in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and the Recommendations for Interventional Trials statements. The results will be published in peer-reviewed academic journals and disseminated to the public.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036287
SN - 2044-6055
VL - 10
IS - 4
PB - BMJ Publishing Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schulze, Susanne
A1 - Merz, Sibille
A1 - Thier, Anne
A1 - Tallarek, Marie
A1 - König, Franziska
A1 - Uhlenbrock, Greta
A1 - Nübling, Matthias
A1 - Lincke, Hans-Joachim
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Spallek, Jacob
A1 - Holmberg, Christine
T1 - Psychosocial burden in nurses working in nursing homes during the Covid-19 pandemic
BT - a cross-sectional study with quantitative and qualitative data
JF - BMC health services research
N2 - Background The Covid-19 pandemic led to increased work-related strain and psychosocial burden in nurses worldwide, resulting in high prevalences of mental health problems. Nurses in long-term care facilities seem to be especially affected by the pandemic. Nevertheless, there are few findings indicating possible positive changes for health care workers. Therefore, we investigated which psychosocial burdens and potential positive aspects nurses working in long-term care facilities experience during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods study among nurses and nursing assistants working in nursing homes in Germany. The survey contained the third German version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III). Using Welch's t-tests, we compared the COPSOQ results of our sample against a pre-pandemic reference group of geriatric nurses from Germany. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with geriatric nurses with a special focus on psychosocial stress, to reach a deeper understanding of their experiences on work-related changes and burdens during the pandemic. Data were analysed using thematic coding (Braun and Clarke). Results Our survey sample (n = 177) differed significantly from the pre-pandemic reference group in 14 out of 31 COPSOQ scales. Almost all of these differences indicated negative changes. Our sample scored significantly worse regarding the scales 'quantitative demands', 'hiding emotions', 'work-privacy conflicts', 'role conflicts', 'quality of leadership', 'support at work', 'recognition', 'physical demands', 'intention to leave profession', 'burnout', 'presenteeism' and 'inability to relax'. The interviews (n = 15) revealed six main themes related to nurses' psychosocial stress: 'overall working conditions', 'concern for residents', 'management of relatives', 'inability to provide terminal care', 'tensions between being infected and infecting others' and 'technicisation of care'. 'Enhanced community cohesion' (interviews), 'meaning of work' and 'quantity of social relations' (COPSOQ III) were identified as positive effects of the pandemic. Conclusions Results clearly illustrate an aggravation of geriatric nurses' situation and psychosocial burden and only few positive changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Pre-existing hardships seem to have further deteriorated and new stressors added to nurses' strain. The perceived erosion of care, due to an overemphasis of the technical in relation to the social and emotional dimensions of care, seems to be especially burdensome to geriatric nurses.
KW - COPSOQ
KW - Nurses
KW - Nursing home
KW - Psychosocial burden
KW - Mixed-methods study
KW - Covid-19
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08333-3
SN - 1472-6963
VL - 22
IS - 1
PB - BMC
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ye, Fangyuan
A1 - Zhang, Shuo
A1 - Warby, Jonathan
A1 - Wu, Jiawei
A1 - Gutierrez-Partida, Emilio
A1 - Lang, Felix
A1 - Shah, Sahil
A1 - Saglamkaya, Elifnaz
A1 - Sun, Bowen
A1 - Zu, Fengshuo
A1 - Shoaee, Safa
A1 - Wang, Haifeng
A1 - Stiller, Burkhard
A1 - Neher, Dieter
A1 - Zhu, Wei-Hong
A1 - Stolterfoht, Martin
A1 - Wu, Yongzhen
T1 - Overcoming C-60-induced interfacial recombination in inverted perovskite solar cells by electron-transporting carborane
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - Inverted perovskite solar cells still suffer from significant non-radiative recombination losses at the perovskite surface and across the perovskite/C-60 interface, limiting the future development of perovskite-based single- and multi-junction photovoltaics. Therefore, more effective inter- or transport layers are urgently required. To tackle these recombination losses, we introduce ortho-carborane as an interlayer material that has a spherical molecular structure and a three-dimensional aromaticity. Based on a variety of experimental techniques, we show that ortho-carborane decorated with phenylamino groups effectively passivates the perovskite surface and essentially eliminates the non-radiative recombination loss across the perovskite/C-60 interface with high thermal stability. We further demonstrate the potential of carborane as an electron transport material, facilitating electron extraction while blocking holes from the interface. The resulting inverted perovskite solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of over 23% with a low non-radiative voltage loss of 110mV, and retain >97% of the initial efficiency after 400h of maximum power point tracking. Overall, the designed carborane based interlayer simultaneously enables passivation, electron-transport and hole-blocking and paves the way toward more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Effective transport layers are essential to suppress non-radiative recombination losses. Here, the authors introduce phenylamino-functionalized ortho-carborane as an interfacial layer, and realise inverted perovskite solar cells with efficiency of over 23% and operational stability of T97=400h.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34203-x
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 13
IS - 1
PB - Nature Publishing Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Förstner, Bernd Rainer
A1 - Böttger, Sarah Jane
A1 - Moldavski, Alexander
A1 - Bajbouj, Malek
A1 - Pfennig, Andrea
A1 - Manook, Andre
A1 - Ising, Marcus
A1 - Pittig, Andre
A1 - Heinig, Ingmar
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
A1 - Mathiak, Klaus
A1 - Schulze, Thomas G.
A1 - Schneider, Frank
A1 - Kamp-Becker, Inge
A1 - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1 - Padberg, Frank
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Bauer, Michael
A1 - Rupprecht, Rainer
A1 - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Tschorn, Mira
T1 - The associations of positive and negative valence systems, cognitive systems and social processes on disease severity in anxiety and depressive disorders
JF - Frontiers in psychiatry
N2 - Background Anxiety and depressive disorders share common features of mood dysfunctions. This has stimulated interest in transdiagnostic dimensional research as proposed by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) aiming to improve the understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the processing of RDoC domains in relation to disease severity in order to identify latent disorder-specific as well as transdiagnostic indicators of disease severity in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders.
Methods Within the German research network for mental disorders, 895 participants (n = 476 female, n = 602 anxiety disorder, n = 257 depressive disorder) were recruited for the Phenotypic, Diagnostic and Clinical Domain Assessment Network Germany (PD-CAN) and included in this cross-sectional study. We performed incremental regression models to investigate the association of four RDoC domains on disease severity in patients with affective disorders: Positive (PVS) and Negative Valance System (NVS), Cognitive Systems (CS) and Social Processes (SP).
Results The results confirmed a transdiagnostic relationship for all four domains, as we found significant main effects on disease severity within domain-specific models (PVS: & beta; = -0.35; NVS: & beta; = 0.39; CS: & beta; = -0.12; SP: & beta; = -0.32). We also found three significant interaction effects with main diagnosis showing a disease-specific association.
Limitations The cross-sectional study design prevents causal conclusions. Further limitations include possible outliers and heteroskedasticity in all regression models which we appropriately controlled for.
Conclusion Our key results show that symptom burden in anxiety and depressive disorders is associated with latent RDoC indicators in transdiagnostic and disease-specific ways.
KW - Research Domain Criteria
KW - depression
KW - anxiety disoders
KW - disease severity
KW - transdiagnostic
KW - RDoC
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1161097
SN - 1664-0640
VL - 14
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne
ER -