TY  - JOUR
A1  - Parry, Victor
A1  - Schlägel, Ulrike E.
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1  - Weithoff, Guntram
T1  - Behavioural Responses of Defended and Undefended Prey to Their Predator
BT  - A Case Study of Rotifera
JF  - Biology
N2  - Predation is a strong species interaction causing severe harm or death to prey. Thus, prey species have evolved various defence strategies to minimize predation risk, which may be immediate (e.g., a change in behaviour) or transgenerational (morphological defence structures). We studied the behaviour of two strains of a rotiferan prey (Brachionus calyciflorus) that differ in their ability to develop morphological defences in response to their predator Asplanchna brightwellii. Using video analysis, we tested: (a) if two strains differ in their response to predator presence and predator cues when both are undefended; (b) whether defended individuals respond to live predators or their cues; and (c) if the morphological defence (large spines) per se has an effect on the swimming behaviour. We found a clear increase in swimming speed for both undefended strains in predator presence. However, the defended specimens responded neither to the predator presence nor to their cues, showing that they behave indifferently to their predator when they are defended. We did not detect an effect of the spines on the swimming behaviour. Our study demonstrates a complex plastic behaviour of the prey, not only in the presence of their predator, but also with respect to their defence status.
KW  - animal behaviour
KW  - transgenerational response
KW  - Brachionus calyciflorus
KW  - Asplanchna brightwellii
KW  - video analysis
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11081217
SN  - 2079-7737
VL  - 11
IS  - 8
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rolph, Rebecca
A1  - Overduin, Pier Paul
A1  - Ravens, Thomas
A1  - Lantuit, Hugues
A1  - Langer, Moritz
T1  - ArcticBeach v1.0
BT  - a physics-based parameterization of pan-Arctic coastline erosion
JF  - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2  - In the Arctic, air temperatures are increasing and sea ice is declining, resulting in larger waves and a longer open water season, all of which intensify the thaw and erosion of ice-rich coasts. Climate change has been shown to increase the rate of Arctic coastal erosion, causing problems for Arctic cultural heritage, existing industrial, military, and civil infrastructure, as well as changes in nearshore biogeochemistry. Numerical models that reproduce historical and project future Arctic erosion rates are necessary to understand how further climate change will affect these problems, and no such model yet exists to simulate the physics of erosion on a pan-Arctic scale. We have coupled a bathystrophic storm surge model to a simplified physical erosion model of a permafrost coastline. This Arctic erosion model, called ArcticBeach v1.0, is a first step toward a physical parameterization of Arctic shoreline erosion for larger-scale models. It is forced by wind speed and direction, wave period and height, sea surface temperature, all of which are masked during times of sea ice cover near the coastline. Model tuning requires observed historical retreat rates (at least one value), as well as rough nearshore bathymetry. These parameters are already available on a pan-Arctic scale. The model is validated at three study sites at 1) Drew Point (DP), Alaska, 2) Mamontovy Khayata (MK), Siberia, and 3) Veslebogen Cliffs, Svalbard. Simulated cumulative retreat rates for DP and MK respectively (169 and 170 m) over the time periods studied at each site (2007-2016, and 1995-2018) are found to the same order of magnitude as observed cumulative retreat (172 and 120 m). The rocky Veslebogen cliffs have small observed cumulative retreat rates (0.05 m over 2014-2016), and our model was also able to reproduce this same order of magnitude of retreat (0.08 m). Given the large differences in geomorphology between the study sites, this study provides a proof-of-concept that ArcticBeach v1.0 can be applied on very different permafrost coastlines. ArcticBeach v1.0 provides a promising starting point to project retreat of Arctic shorelines, or to evaluate historical retreat in places that have had few observations.
KW  - permafrost
KW  - erosion
KW  - modelling
KW  - arctic
KW  - climate change
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.962208
SN  - 2296-6463
VL  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klein, Konstantin
A1  - Lantuit, Hugues
A1  - Rolph, Rebecca
T1  - Drivers of Turbidity and Its Seasonal Variability at Herschel Island Qikiqtaruk (Western Canadian Arctic)
JF  - Water / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
N2  - The Arctic is greatly affected by climate change. Increasing air temperatures drive permafrost thaw and an increase in coastal erosion and river discharge. This results in a greater input of sediment and organic matter into nearshore waters, impacting ecosystems by reducing light transmission through the water column and altering biogeochemistry. This potentially results in impacts on the subsistence economy of local people as well as the climate due to the transformation of suspended organic matter into greenhouse gases. Even though the impacts of increased suspended sediment concentrations and turbidity in the Arctic nearshore zone are well-studied, the mechanisms underpinning this increase are largely unknown. Wave energy and tides drive the level of turbidity in the temperate and tropical parts of the world, and this is generally assumed to also be the case in the Arctic. However, the tidal range is considerably lower in the Arctic, and processes related to the occurrence of permafrost have the potential to greatly contribute to nearshore turbidity. In this study, we use high-resolution satellite imagery alongside in situ and ERA5 reanalysis data of ocean and climate variables in order to identify the drivers of nearshore turbidity, along with its seasonality in the nearshore waters of Herschel Island Qikiqtaruk, in the western Canadian Arctic. Nearshore turbidity correlates well to wind direction, wind speed, significant wave height, and wave period. Nearshore turbidity is superiorly correlated to wind speed at the Beaufort Shelf compared to in situ measurements at Herschel Island Qikiqtaruk, showing that nearshore turbidity, albeit being of limited spatial extent, is influenced by large-scale weather and ocean phenomenons. We show that, in contrast to the temperate and tropical ocean, freshly eroded material is the predominant driver of nearshore turbidity in the Arctic, rather than resuspension, which is caused by the vulnerability of permafrost coasts to thermo-erosion.
KW  - ocean color remote sensing
KW  - Arctic ocean
KW  - suspended sediment
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Sentinel 2
KW  - ERA5
KW  - nearshore zone
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111751
SN  - 2073-4441
VL  - 14
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Burgold, Julia
T1  - Erfahrung und Reflexion von Obdachlosigkeit
BT  - Zur Verständigung über Obdachlosigkeit in der Praxis des Slumming
T2  - Potsdamer Geographische Praxis
N2  - Die Arbeit gibt einen Einblick in die Verständigungspraxen bei Stadtführungen mit (ehemaligen) Obdachlosen, die in ihrem Selbstverständnis auf die Herstellung von Verständnis, Toleranz und Anerkennung für von Obdachlosigkeit betroffene Personen zielen. Zunächst wird in den Diskurs des Slumtourismus eingeführt und, angesichts der Vielfalt der damit verbundenen Erscheinungsformen, Slumming  als organisierte Begegnung mit sozialer Ungleichheit definiert. Die zentralen Diskurslinien und die darin eingewobenen moralischen Positionen werden nachvollzogen und im Rahmen der eigenommenen wissenssoziologischen Perspektive als Ausdruck einer per se polykontexturalen Praxis re-interpretiert. Slumming erscheint dann als eine organisierte Begegnung von Lebensformen, die sich in einer Weise fremd sind, als dass ein unmittelbares Verstehen unwahrscheinlich erscheint und genau aus diesem Grund auf der Basis von gängigen Interpretationen des Common Sense ausgehandelt werden muss. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit, wie sich Teilnehmer und Stadtführer über die Erfahrung der Obdachlosigkeit praktisch verständigen und welcher Art das hierüber erzeugte Verständnis für die im öffentlichen Diskurs mit vielfältigen stigmatisierenden Zuschreibungen versehenen Obdachlosen ist. Dabei interessiert besonders, in Bezug auf welche Aspekte der Erfahrung von Obdachlosigkeit ein gemeinsames Verständnis möglich wird und an welchen Stellen dieses an Grenzen gerät. Dazu wurden die Gesprächsverläufe auf neun Stadtführungen mit (ehemaligen) obdachlosen Stadtführern unterschiedlicher Anbieter im deutschsprachigen Raum verschriftlicht und mit dem Verfahren der Dokumentarischen Methode ausgewertet. Die vergleichende Betrachtung der Verständigungspraxen eröffnet nicht zuletzt eine differenzierte Perspektive auf die in den Prozessen der Verständigung immer schon eingewobenen Anerkennungspraktiken. Mit Blick auf die moralische Debatte um organisierte Begegnungen mit sozialer Ungleichheit wird dadurch eine ethische Perspektive angeregt, in deren Zentrum Fragen zur Vermittlungsarbeit stehen.
N2  - The book provides an insight into the social practices of mutual understanding occurring during city tours with former homeless people, which operate with the goal of increasing understanding, tolerance and recognition for people affected by homelessness. First, the discourse of slum tourism is reviewed and, considering the diversity of this phenomena, the term “slumming” is defined as an organized encounter with social inequality. The central lines of discourse and the moral positions woven into them are thus traced and reinterpreted within the framework of the adopted sociological perspective of knowledge as an expression of a polycontextural practice per se. Through this lens, slumming then appears as an organized encounter of ways of life that are alien to each other in a way that defies immediate understanding, and for this very reason must be negotiated on the basis of common sense interpretations. Against this background, this study examines how participants and city guides communicate about the experience of homelessness and focusses on the thereby generated kind of understanding of homelessness. Of particular interest here are the possibilities and limits of the mutual understanding between the former homeless guides and their predominantly bourgeois attendees. For this purpose, the transcripts of conversations taken during nine city tours from different providers in German-speaking countries were analyzed using the procedure of the documentary method. This comparative examination offers not least a differentiated perspective on the practices of recognition that are always inherent in the processes of understanding. Concerning the moral debate surrounding organized encounters with social inequality, this ultimately suggests a shift in the ethical framework away from the issue of representation toward one of mediation.
T3  - Potsdamer Geographische Praxis - 18 
KW  - Slumming
KW  - slumming
KW  - Slumtourismus
KW  - slum tourism
KW  - soziale Ungleichheit
KW  - social inequality
KW  - Obdachlosigkeit
KW  - Homelessness
KW  - Rekonstruktive Sozialforschung
KW  - reconstructive social research
KW  - Dokumentarische Methode
KW  - documentary method
KW  - Systemtheorie
KW  - systems theory
KW  - Polykontexturalität
KW  - polycontexturality
KW  - Stadtführungen
KW  - guided tours
KW  - Interaktion
KW  - interaction
KW  - Stigmatisierung
KW  - stigmatization
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-553932
SN  - 978-3-86956-541-5
SN  - 2194-1599
SN  - 2194-1602
IS  - 18
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pawlak, Julia
A1  - Noetzel, Dominique Christian
A1  - Drago, Claudia
A1  - Weithoff, Guntram
T1  - Assessing the toxicity of polystyrene beads and silica particles on the microconsumer Brachionus calyciflorus at different timescales
JF  - Frontiers in Environmental Science
N2  - Environmental pollution by microplastics has become a severe problem in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and, according to actual prognoses, problems will further increase in the future. Therefore, assessing and quantifying the risk for the biota is crucial. Standardized short-term toxicological procedures as well as methods quantifying potential toxic effects over the whole life span of an animal are required. We studied the effect of the microplastic polystyrene on the survival and reproduction of a common freshwater invertebrate, the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, at different timescales. We used pristine polystyrene spheres of 1, 3, and 6 µm diameter and fed them to the animals together with food algae in different ratios ranging from 0 to 50% nonfood particles. As a particle control, we used silica to distinguish between a pure particle effect and a plastic effect. After 24 h, no toxic effect was found, neither with polystyrene nor with silica. After 96 h, a toxic effect was detectable for both particle types. The size of the particles played a negligible role. Studying the long-term effect by using life table experiments, we found a reduced reproduction when the animals were fed with 3 µm spheres together with similar-sized food algae. We conclude that the fitness reduction is mainly driven by the dilution of food by the nonfood particles rather than by a direct toxic effect.
KW  - microplastics
KW  - rotifer
KW  - freshwater
KW  - natural particle
KW  - toxicity
KW  - environmental pollution
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.955425
SN  - 2296-665X
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fischer, Melanie
A1  - Brettin, Jana
A1  - Roessner, Sigrid
A1  - Walz, Ariane
A1  - Fort, Monique
A1  - Korup, Oliver
T1  - Rare flood scenarios for a rapidly growing high-mountain city: Pokhara, Nepal
JF  - Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
N2  - Pokhara (ca. 850 m a.s.l.), Nepal's second-largest city, lies at the foot of the Higher Himalayas and has more than tripled its population in the past 3 decades. Construction materials are in high demand in rapidly expanding built-up areas, and several informal settlements cater to unregulated sand and gravel mining in the Pokhara Valley's main river, the Seti Khola. This river is fed by the Sabche glacier below Annapurna III (7555 m a.s.l.), some 35 km upstream of the city, and traverses one of the steepest topographic gradients in the Himalayas. In May 2012 a sudden flood caused >70 fatalities and intense damage along this river and rekindled concerns about flood risk management. We estimate the flow dynamics and inundation depths of flood scenarios using the hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System). We simulate the potential impacts of peak discharges from 1000 to 10 000 m3 s−1 on land cover based on high-resolution Maxar satellite imagery and OpenStreetMap data (buildings and road network). We also trace the dynamics of two informal settlements near Kaseri and Yamdi with high potential flood impact from RapidEye, PlanetScope, and Google Earth imagery of the past 2 decades. Our hydrodynamic simulations highlight several sites of potential hydraulic ponding that would largely affect these informal settlements and sites of sand and gravel mining. These built-up areas grew between 3- and 20-fold, thus likely raising local flood exposure well beyond changes in flood hazard. Besides these drastic local changes, about 1 % of Pokhara's built-up urban area and essential rural road network is in the highest-hazard zones highlighted by our flood simulations. Our results stress the need to adapt early-warning strategies for locally differing hydrological and geomorphic conditions in this rapidly growing urban watershed.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3105-2022
SN  - 1684-9981
VL  - 22
SP  - 3105
EP  - 3123
PB  - Copernicus Publications
CY  - Katlenburg-Lindau
ET  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kliem, Bernhard
A1  - Seehafer, Norbert
T1  - Helicity shedding by flux rope ejection
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - We quantitatively address the conjecture that magnetic helicity must be shed from the Sun by eruptions launching coronal mass ejections in order to limit its accumulation in each hemisphere. By varying the ratio of guide and strapping field and the flux rope twist in a parametric simulation study of flux rope ejection from approximately marginally stable force-free equilibria, different ratios of self- and mutual helicity are set and the onset of the torus or helical kink instability is obtained. The helicity shed is found to vary over a broad range from a minor to a major part of the initial helicity, with self helicity being largely or completely shed and mutual helicity, which makes up the larger part of the initial helicity, being shed only partly. Torus-unstable configurations with subcritical twist and without a guide field shed up to about two-thirds of the initial helicity, while a highly twisted, kink-unstable configuration sheds only about one-quarter. The parametric study also yields stable force-free flux rope equilibria up to a total flux-normalized helicity of 0.25, with a ratio of self- to total helicity of 0.32 and a ratio of flux rope to external poloidal flux of 0.94. These results numerically demonstrate the conjecture of helicity shedding by coronal mass ejections and provide a first account of its parametric dependence. Both self- and mutual helicity are shed significantly; this reduces the total initial helicity by a fraction of ∼0.4--0.65 for typical source region parameters.
KW  - instabilities
KW  - magnetic fields
KW  - magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
KW  - Sun
KW  - corona
KW  - coronal mass ejections (CMEs)
KW  - flares
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142422
SN  - 0004-6361
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 659
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schweigel, Ulrike
A1  - Batsios, Petros
A1  - Müller-Taubenberger, Annette
A1  - Gräf, Ralph
A1  - Grafe, Marianne
T1  - Dictyostelium spastin is involved in nuclear envelope dynamics during semi-closed mitosis
JF  - Nucleus
N2  - Dictyostelium amoebae perform a semi-closed mitosis, in which the nuclear envelope is fenestrated at the insertion sites of the mitotic centrosomes and around the central spindle during karyokinesis. During late telophase the centrosome relocates to the cytoplasmic side of the nucleus, the central spindle disassembles and the nuclear fenestrae become closed. Our data indicate that Dictyostelium spastin (DdSpastin) is a microtubule-binding and severing type I membrane protein that plays a role in this process. Its mitotic localization is in agreement with a requirement for the removal of microtubules that would hinder closure of the fenestrae. Furthermore, DdSpastin interacts with the HeH/ LEM-family protein Src1 in BioID analyses as well as the inner nuclear membrane protein Sun1, and shows subcellular co-localizations with Src1, Sun1, the ESCRT component CHMP7 and the IST1-like protein filactin, suggesting that the principal pathway of mitotic nuclear envelope remodeling is conserved between animals and Dictyostelium amoebae.
KW  - Spastin
KW  - LEM-domain
KW  - ESCRT
KW  - sun1
KW  - dictyostelium
KW  - nuclear envelope
KW  - mitosis
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/19491034.2022.2047289
SN  - 1949-1034
SN  - 1949-1042
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
SP  - 144
EP  - 154
PB  - Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cajar, Anke
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
T1  - Potsdam Eye-Movement Corpus for Scene Memorization and Search With Color and Spatial-Frequency Filtering
JF  - Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation
KW  - eye movements
KW  - corpus dataset
KW  - scene viewing
KW  - object search
KW  - scene memorization
KW  - spatial frequencies
KW  - color
KW  - central and peripheral vision
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.850482
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 13
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tebbe, Jonas
A1  - Ottensmann, Meinolf
A1  - Havenstein, Katja
A1  - Efstratiou, Artemis
A1  - Lenz, Tobias L.
A1  - Caspers, Barbara A.
A1  - Forcada, Jaume
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1  - Hoffman, Joseph
T1  - Intronic primers reveal unexpectedly high major histocompatibility complex diversity in Antarctic fur seals
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a group of genes comprising one of the most important components of the vertebrate immune system. Consequently, there has been much interest in characterising MHC variation and its relationship with fitness in a variety of species. Due to the exceptional polymorphism of MHC genes, careful PCR primer design is crucial for capturing all of the allelic variation present in a given species. We therefore developed intronic primers to amplify the full-length 267 bp protein-coding sequence of the MHC class II DQB exon 2 in the Antarctic fur seal. We then characterised patterns of MHC variation among mother-offspring pairs from two breeding colonies and detected 19 alleles among 771 clone sequences from 56 individuals. The distribution of alleles within and among individuals was consistent with a single-copy, classical DQB locus showing Mendelian inheritance. Amino acid similarity at the MHC was significantly associated with genome-wide relatedness, but no relationship was found between MHC heterozygosity and genome-wide heterozygosity. Finally, allelic diversity was several times higher than reported by a previous study based on partial exon sequences. This difference appears to be related to allele-specific amplification bias, implying that primer design can strongly impact the inference of MHC diversity.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21658-7
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stone, Kate
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
A1  - Malsburg, Titus von der
T1  - Does entropy modulate the prediction of German long-distance verb particles?
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - In this paper we examine the effect of uncertainty on readers’ predictions about meaning. In particular, we were interested in how uncertainty might influence the likelihood of committing to a specific sentence meaning. We conducted two event-related potential (ERP) experiments using particle verbs such as turn down and manipulated uncertainty by constraining the context such that readers could be either highly certain about the identity of a distant verb particle, such as turn the bed […] down, or less certain due to competing particles, such as turn the music […] up/down. The study was conducted in German, where verb particles appear clause-finally and may be separated from the verb by a large amount of material. We hypothesised that this separation would encourage readers to predict the particle, and that high certainty would make prediction of a specific particle more likely than lower certainty. If a specific particle was predicted, this would reflect a strong commitment to sentence meaning that should incur a higher processing cost if the prediction is wrong. If a specific particle was less likely to be predicted, commitment should be weaker and the processing cost of a wrong prediction lower. If true, this could suggest that uncertainty discourages predictions via an unacceptable cost-benefit ratio. However, given the clear predictions made by the literature, it was surprisingly unclear whether the uncertainty manipulation affected the two ERP components studied, the N400 and the PNP. Bayes factor analyses showed that evidence for our a priori hypothesised effect sizes was inconclusive, although there was decisive evidence against a priori hypothesised effect sizes larger than 1μV for the N400 and larger than 3μV for the PNP. We attribute the inconclusive finding to the properties of verb-particle dependencies that differ from the verb-noun dependencies in which the N400 and PNP are often studied.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267813
SN  - 1932-6203
SP  - 1
EP  - 25
PB  - PLOS ONE
CY  - San Francisco, California, US
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oster, Simon
A1  - Fritsch, Tobias
A1  - Ulbricht, Alexander
A1  - Mohr, Gunther
A1  - Bruno, Giovanni
A1  - Maierhofer, Christiane
A1  - Altenburg, Simon
T1  - On the registration of thermographic in situ monitoring data and computed tomography reference data in the scope of defect prediction in laser powder bed fusion
JF  - Metals : open access journal
N2  - The detection of internal irregularities is crucial for quality assessment in metal-based additive manufacturing (AM) technologies such as laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). The utilization of in-process thermography as an in situ monitoring tool in combination with post-process X-ray micro computed tomography (XCT) as a reference technique has shown great potential for this aim. Due to the small irregularity dimensions, a precise registration of the datasets is necessary as a requirement for correlation. In this study, the registration of thermography and XCT reference datasets of a cylindric specimen containing keyhole pores is carried out for the development of a porosity prediction model. The considered datasets show variations in shape, data type and dimensionality, especially due to shrinkage and material elevation effects present in the manufactured part. Since the resulting deformations are challenging for registration, a novel preprocessing methodology is introduced that involves an adaptive volume adjustment algorithm which is based on the porosity distribution in the specimen. Thus, the implementation of a simple three-dimensional image-to-image registration is enabled. The results demonstrate the influence of the part deformation on the resulting porosity location and the importance of registration in terms of irregularity prediction.
KW  - selective laser melting (SLM)
KW  - laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)
KW  - additive
KW  - manufacturing (AM)
KW  - process monitoring
KW  - infrared thermography
KW  - X-ray
KW  - micro computed tomography (XCT)
KW  - defect detection
KW  - image registration
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/met12060947
SN  - 2075-4701
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fechner, Carolin
A1  - Hackethal, Christin
A1  - Höpfner, Tobias
A1  - Dietrich, Jessica
A1  - Bloch, Dorit
A1  - Lindtner, Oliver
A1  - Sarvan, Irmela
T1  - Results of the BfR MEAL Study
BT  - in Germany, mercury is mostly contained in fish and seafood while cadmium, lead, and nickel are present in a broad spectrum of foods
JF  - Food chemistry: X
N2  - The BfR MEAL Study provides representative levels of substances in foods consumed in Germany. Mercury, cadmium, lead, and nickel are contaminants present in foods introduced by environmental and industrial processes. Levels of these elements were investigated in 356 foods. Foods were purchased representatively, prepared as consumed and pooled with similar foods before analysis. Highest mean levels of mercury were determined in fish and seafood, while high levels of cadmium, lead, and nickel were present in cocoa products and legumes, nuts, oilseeds, and spices. The sampling by region, season, and production type showed minor differences in element levels for specific foods, however no tendency over all foods or for some food groups was apparent. The data on mercury, cadmium, lead, and nickel provide a comprehensive basis for chronic dietary exposure assessment of the population in Germany. All levels found were below regulated maximum levels.
KW  - Total diet study
KW  - BfR MEAL Study
KW  - Metals
KW  - Contaminants
KW  - Unprepared and
KW  - prepared foods
KW  - Regionality
KW  - Seasonality
KW  - Organic and conventional type of production
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100326
SN  - 2590-1575
VL  - 14
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Parry, Victor
A1  - Schlägel, Ulrike E.
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1  - Weithoff, Guntram
T1  - Behavioural responses of defended and undefended prey to their predator
BT  - a case study of rotifera
JF  - Biology : open access journal
N2  - Many animals that have to cope with predation have evolved mechanisms to reduce their predation risk. One of these mechanisms is change in morphology, for example, the development of spines. These spines are induced, when mothers receive chemical signals of a predator (kairomones) and their daughters are then equipped with defensive spines. We studied the behaviour of a prey and its predator when the prey is either defended or undefended. We used common aquatic micro-invertebrates, the rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus (prey) and Asplanchna brightwellii (predator) as experimental animals. We found that undefended prey increased its swimming speed in the presence of the predator. The striking result was that the defended prey did not respond to the predator's presence. This suggests that defended prey has a different response behaviour to a predator than undefended conspecifics. Our study provides further insights into complex zooplankton predator-prey interactions. Predation is a strong species interaction causing severe harm or death to prey. Thus, prey species have evolved various defence strategies to minimize predation risk, which may be immediate (e.g., a change in behaviour) or transgenerational (morphological defence structures). We studied the behaviour of two strains of a rotiferan prey (Brachionus calyciflorus) that differ in their ability to develop morphological defences in response to their predator Asplanchna brightwellii. Using video analysis, we tested: (a) if two strains differ in their response to predator presence and predator cues when both are undefended; (b) whether defended individuals respond to live predators or their cues; and (c) if the morphological defence (large spines) per se has an effect on the swimming behaviour. We found a clear increase in swimming speed for both undefended strains in predator presence. However, the defended specimens responded neither to the predator presence nor to their cues, showing that they behave indifferently to their predator when they are defended. We did not detect an effect of the spines on the swimming behaviour. Our study demonstrates a complex plastic behaviour of the prey, not only in the presence of their predator, but also with respect to their defence status.
KW  - animal behaviour
KW  - transgenerational response
KW  - Brachionus calyciflorus
KW  - Asplanchna brightwellii
KW  - video analysis
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11081217
SN  - 2079-7737
VL  - 11
IS  - 8
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Haase, Jennifer
A1  - Hanel, Paul H. P.
T1  - Priming creativity: Doing math reduces creativity and happiness whereas playing short online games enhance them
JF  - Frontiers in Education
N2  - Creative thinking is an indispensable cognitive skill that is becoming increasingly important. In the present research, we tested the impact of games on creativity and emotions in a between-subject online experiment with four conditions (N = 658). (1) participants played a simple puzzle game that allowed many solutions (priming divergent thinking); (2) participants played a short game that required one fitting solution (priming convergent thinking); (3) participants performed mental arithmetic; (4) passive control condition. Results show that divergent and convergent creativity were higher after playing games and lower after mental arithmetic. Positive emotions did not function as a mediator, even though they were also heightened after playing the games and lower after mental arithmetic. However, contrary to previous research, we found no direct effect of emotions, creative self-efficacy, and growth- vs. fixed on creative performance. We discuss practical implications for digital learning and application settings.
KW  - creativity
KW  - priming
KW  - enhancement
KW  - math
KW  - games
KW  - happiness
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.976459
SN  - 2504-284X
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brady, David
A1  - Guerra, Christian
A1  - Kohler, Ulrich
A1  - Link, Bruce
T1  - The long arm of prospective childhood income for mature adult health in the U.S.
JF  - Journal of health and social behavior
N2  - Pioneering scholarship links retrospective childhood conditions to mature adult health. We distinctively provide critical evidence with prospective state-of-the-art measures of parent income observed multiple times during childhood in the 1970s to 1990s. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we analyze six health outcomes (self-rated health, heart attack, stroke, life-threatening chronic conditions, non-life-threatening chronic conditions, and psychological distress) among 40- to 65-year-olds. Parent relative income rank has statistically and substantively significant relationships with five of six outcomes. The relationships with heart attack, stroke, and life-threatening chronic conditions are particularly strong. Parent income rank performs slightly better than alternative prospective and retrospective measures. At the same time, we provide novel validation on which retrospective measures (i.e., father’s education) perform almost as well as prospective measures. Furthermore, we inform several perennial debates about how relative versus absolute income and other measures of socioeconomic status and social class influence health.
KW  - health disparities
KW  - income
KW  - life course
KW  - social class
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/00221465221081094
SN  - 0022-1465
SN  - 2150-6000
VL  - 63
IS  - 4
SP  - 543
EP  - 559
PB  - Sage
CY  - Los Angeles
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schlör, Anja
A1  - Hirschberg, Stefan
A1  - Ben Amor, Ghada
A1  - Meister, Toni Luise
A1  - Arora, Prerna
A1  - Pöhlmann, Stefan
A1  - Hoffmann, Markus
A1  - Pfänder, Stephanie
A1  - Eddin, Omar Kamal
A1  - Kamhieh-Milz, Julian
A1  - Hanack, Katja
T1  - SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies as powerful tools for diagnostic and therapeutic applications
JF  - Frontiers in Immunology
N2  - Introduction: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic situation caused by SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern such as B.1.617.2 (Delta) and recently, B.1.1.529 (Omicron) is posing multiple challenges to humanity. The rapid evolution of the virus requires adaptation of diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Objectives: In this study, we describe camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (hcAb) as useful tools for novel in vitro diagnostic assays and for therapeutic applications due to their neutralizing capacity.

Methods: Five antibody candidates were selected out of a naïve camelid library by phage display and expressed as full length IgG2 antibodies. The antibodies were characterized by Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, surface plasmon resonance with regard to their specificity to the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and to SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles. Neutralization assays were performed with authentic SARS-CoV-2 and pseudotyped viruses (wildtype and Omicron).

Results: All antibodies efficiently detect recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles in different ELISA setups. The best combination was shown with hcAb B10 as catcher antibody and HRP-conjugated hcAb A7.2 as the detection antibody. Further, four out of five antibodies potently neutralized authentic wildtype SARS-CoV-2 and particles pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins of the wildtype and Omicron variant, sublineage BA.1 at concentrations between 0.1 and 0.35 ng/mL (ND50).

Conclusion: Collectively, we report novel camelid hcAbs suitable for diagnostics and potential therapy.
KW  - camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies
KW  - single domain antibodies
KW  - nanobodies
KW  - SARS-CoV-2
KW  - neutralization
KW  - Omicron
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.930975
SN  - 1664-3224
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - Frontiers Media SA
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Czarnecka, Malgorzata
A1  - Weichelt, Ulrike
A1  - Rödiger, Stefan
A1  - Hanack, Katja
T1  - Novel Anti Double-Stranded Nucleic Acids Full-Length Recombinant Camelid Heavy-Chain Antibody for the Detection of miRNA
JF  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
N2  - The discovery that certain diseases have specific miRNA signatures which correspond to disease progression opens a new biomarker category. The detection of these small non-coding RNAs is performed routinely using body fluids or tissues with real-time PCR, next-generation sequencing, or amplification-based miRNA assays. Antibody-based detection systems allow an easy onset handling compared to PCR or sequencing and can be considered as alternative methods to support miRNA diagnostic in the future. In this study, we describe the generation of a camelid heavy-chain-only antibody specifically recognizing miRNAs to establish an antibody-based detection method. The generation of nucleic acid-specific binders is a challenge. We selected camelid binders via phage display, expressed them as VHH as well as full-length antibodies, and characterized the binding to several miRNAs from a signature specific for dilated cardiomyopathy. The described workflow can be used to create miRNA-specific binders and establish antibody-based detection methods to provide an additional way to analyze disease-specific miRNA signatures.
KW  - antibody
KW  - camelid antibody
KW  - heavy-chain-only antibody
KW  - miRNA
KW  - nucleic acids
KW  - novel biomarkers
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116275
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 23
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brechenmacher, Thomas
T1  - Fontanes jüdische Namen
BT  - Preziosa und Certifikate, Diskurse und Konnotationen
JF  - Fontanes Medien
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-3-11-073323-5
SN  - 978-3-11-073330-3
SN  - 978-3-11-073810-0
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110733235-021
SP  - 337
EP  - 353
PB  - de Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Giraudier, Manon
A1  - Ventura-Bort, Carlos
A1  - Wendt, Julia
A1  - Lischke, Alexander
A1  - Weymar, Mathias
T1  - Memory advantage for untrustworthy faces
BT  - replication across lab- and web-based studies
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - The Covid-19 pandemic imposed new constraints on empirical research and forced researchers to transfer from traditional laboratory research to the online environment. This study tested the validity of a web-based episodic memory paradigm by comparing participants' memory performance for trustworthy and untrustworthy facial stimuli in a supervised laboratory setting and an unsupervised web setting. Consistent with previous results, we observed enhanced episodic memory for untrustworthy compared to trustworthy faces. Most importantly, this memory bias was comparable in the online and the laboratory experiment, suggesting that web-based procedures are a promising tool for memory research.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264034
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kiemel, Katrin
A1  - Gurke, Marie
A1  - Paraskevopoulou, Sofia
A1  - Havenstein, Katja
A1  - Weithoff, Guntram
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Variation in heat shock protein 40 kDa relates to divergence in thermotolerance among cryptic rotifer species
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - Genetic divergence and the frequency of hybridization are central for defining species delimitations, especially among cryptic species where morphological differences are merely absent. Rotifers are known for their high cryptic diversity and therefore are ideal model organisms to investigate such patterns. Here, we used the recently resolved Brachionus calyciflorus species complex to investigate whether previously observed between species differences in thermotolerance and gene expression are also reflected in their genomic footprint. We identified a Heat Shock Protein gene (HSP 40 kDa) which exhibits cross species pronounced sequence variation. This gene exhibits species-specific fixed sites, alleles, and sites putatively under positive selection. These sites are located in protein binding regions involved in chaperoning and may therefore reflect adaptive diversification. By comparing three genetic markers (ITS, COI, HSP 40 kDa), we revealed hybridization events between the cryptic species. The low frequency of introgressive haplotypes/alleles suggest a tight, but not fully impermeable boundary between the cryptic species.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-27137-3
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Macmillan Publishers Limited
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kiemel, Katrin
A1  - Gurke, Marie
A1  - Paraskevopoulou, Sofia
A1  - Havenstein, Katja
A1  - Weithoff, Guntram
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Variation in heat shock protein 40 kDa relates to divergence in thermotolerance among cryptic rotifer species
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Genetic divergence and the frequency of hybridization are central for defining species delimitations, especially among cryptic species where morphological differences are merely absent. Rotifers are known for their high cryptic diversity and therefore are ideal model organisms to investigate such patterns. Here, we used the recently resolved Brachionus calyciflorus species complex to investigate whether previously observed between species differences in thermotolerance and gene expression are also reflected in their genomic footprint. We identified a Heat Shock Protein gene (HSP 40 kDa) which exhibits cross species pronounced sequence variation. This gene exhibits species-specific fixed sites, alleles, and sites putatively under positive selection. These sites are located in protein binding regions involved in chaperoning and may therefore reflect adaptive diversification. By comparing three genetic markers (ITS, COI, HSP 40 kDa), we revealed hybridization events between the cryptic species. The low frequency of introgressive haplotypes/alleles suggest a tight, but not fully impermeable boundary between the cryptic species.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-27137-3
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 12
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fanselow, Gisbert
A1  - Zimmermann, Malte
A1  - Philipp, Mareike
T1  - Assessing the availability of inverse scope in German in the covered box paradigm
JF  - Glossa : a journal of general linguistics
N2  - This paper presents the results of a novel experimental approach to relative quantifier scope in German that elicits data in an indirect manner. Applying the covered-box method (Huang et al. 2013) to scope phenomena, we show that inverse scope is available to some extent in the free constituent order language German, thereby validating earlier findings on other syntactic configurations in German (Rado & Bott 2018) and empirical claims on other free constituent order languages (Japanese, Russian, Hindi), as well as recent corpus findings in Webelhuth (2020). Moreover, the results of the indirect covered-box experiment replicate findings from an earlier direct-query experiment with comparable target items, in which participants were asked directly about the availability of surface scope and inverse scope readings. The configuration of interest consisted of canonical transitive clauses with deaccented existential subject and universal object QPs, in which the restriction of the universal QP was controlled for by the context.
KW  - inverse scope
KW  - covered-box
KW  - free constituent order
KW  - German
KW  - experimental semantics
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5766
SN  - 2397-1835
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 24
PB  - Open Library of Humanities
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wippert, Pia-Maria
A1  - Puerto Valencia, Laura
A1  - Drießlein, David
T1  - Stress and pain
BT  - predictive (neuro)pattern identification for chronic back pain ; a longitudinal observational study
JF  - Frontiers in medicine
N2  - Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) leads to considerable impairment of quality of life worldwide and is often accompanied by psychosomatic symptoms. 
Objectives: First, to assess the association between stress and chronic low back pain (CLBP) and its simultaneous appearance with fatigue and depression as a symptom triad. Second, to identify the most predictive stress-related pattern set for CLBP for a 1-year diagnosis.
Methods: In a 1-year observational study with four measurement points, a total of 140 volunteers (aged 18–45 years with intermittent pain) were recruited. The primary outcomes were pain [characteristic pain intensity (CPI), subjective pain disability (DISS)], fatigue, and depressive mood. Stress was assessed as chronic stress, perceived stress, effort reward imbalance, life events, and physiological markers [allostatic load index (ALI), hair cortisol concentration (HCC)]. Multiple linear regression models and selection procedures for model shrinkage and variable selection (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) were applied. Prediction accuracy was calculated by root mean squared error (RMSE) and receiver-operating characteristic curves.
Results: There were 110 participants completed the baseline assessments (28.2   7.5 years, 38.1% female), including HCC, and a further of 46 participants agreed to ALI laboratory measurements. Different stress types were associated with LBP, CLBP, fatigue, and depressive mood and its joint occurrence as a symptom triad at baseline; mainly social-related stress types were of relevance. Work-related stress, such as “excessive demands at work”[b = 0.51 (95%CI -0.23, 1.25), p = 0.18] played a role for upcoming chronic pain disability. “Social overload” [b = 0.45 (95%CI -0.06, 0.96), p = 0.080] and “over-commitment at work” [b = 0.28 (95%CI -0.39, 0.95), p = 0.42] were associated with an upcoming depressive mood within 1-year. Finally, seven psychometric (CPI: RMSE = 12.63; DISS: RMSE = 9.81) and five biomarkers (CPI: RMSE = 12.21; DISS: RMSE = 8.94) could be derived as the most predictive pattern set for a 1-year prediction of CLBP. The biomarker set showed an apparent area under the curve of 0.88 for CPI and 0.99 for DISS.
Conclusion: Stress disrupts allostasis and favors the development of chronic pain, fatigue, and depression and the emergence of a “hypocortisolemic symptom triad,” whereby the social-related stressors play a significant role. For translational medicine, a predictive pattern set could be derived which enables to diagnose the individuals at higher risk for the upcoming pain disorders and can be used in practice.
KW  - allostatic load index
KW  - hair cortisol
KW  - low back pain
KW  - psychosocial moderators
KW  - hypocortisolemic symptom triad
KW  - stress types
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.828954
SN  - 2296-858X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Braun, Jean
T1  - Comparing the transport-limited and ξ-q models for sediment transport
JF  - Earth surface dynamics
N2  - Here I present a comparison between two of the most widely used reduced-complexity models for the representation of sediment transport and deposition processes, namely the transport-limited (or TL) model and the under-capacity (or xi-q) model more recently developed by Davy and Lague (2009). Using both models, I investigate the behavior of a sedimentary continental system of length L fed by a fixed sedimentary flux from a catchment of size A(0) in a nearby active orogen through which sediments transit to a fixed base level representing a large river, a lake or an ocean. This comparison shows that the two models share the same steady-state solution, for which I derive a simple 1D analytical expression that reproduces the major features of such sedimentary systems: a steep fan that connects to a shallower alluvial plain. The resulting fan geometry obeys basic observational constraints on fan size and slope with respect to the upstream drainage area, A(0). The solution is strongly dependent on the size of the system, L, in comparison to a distance L-0, which is determined by the size of A(0), and gives rise to two fundamentally different types of sedimentary systems: a constrained system where L < L-0 and open systems where L > L-0. I derive simple expressions that show the dependence of the system response time on the system characteristics, such as its length, the size of the upstream catchment area, the amplitude of the incoming sedimentary flux and the respective rate parameters (diffusivity or erodibility) for each of the two models. I show that the xi-q model predicts longer response times. I demonstrate that although the manner in which signals propagates through the sedimentary system differs greatly between the two models, they both predict that perturbations that last longer than the response time of the system can be recorded in the stratigraphy of the sedimentary system and in particular of the fan. Interestingly, the xi-q model predicts that all perturbations in the incoming sedimentary flux will be transmitted through the system, whereas the TL model predicts that rapid perturbations cannot. I finally discuss why and under which conditions these differences are important and propose observational ways to determine which of the two models is most appropriate to represent natural systems.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-301-2022
SN  - 2196-6311
SN  - 2196-632X
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
SP  - 301
EP  - 327
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chea, Sany
A1  - Nguyen, Khac Toan
A1  - Rosencrantz, Ruben R.
T1  - Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 5 '-O-methacryloylcytidine Using the Immobilized Lipase Novozym 435
JF  - Molecules
N2  - Nucleobase building blocks have been demonstrated to be strong candidates when it comes to DNA/RNA-like materials by benefiting from hydrogen bond interactions as physical properties. Modifying at the 5 ' position is the simplest way to develop nucleobase-based structures by transesterification using the lipase Novozym 435. Herein, we describe the optimization of the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of the monomer 5 '-O-methacryloylcytidine with the assistance of microwave irradiation. Variable reaction parameters, such as enzyme concentration, molar ratio of the substrate, reaction temperature and reaction time, were investigated to find the optimum reaction condition in terms of obtaining the highest yield.
KW  - microwave irradiation
KW  - Novozym 435
KW  - cytidine
KW  - monomer
KW  - smart materials
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134112
SN  - 1420-3049
VL  - 27
IS  - 13
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Knoche, Lisa
A1  - Lisec, Jan
A1  - Schwerdtle, Tanja
A1  - Koch, Matthias
T1  - LC-HRMS-Based identification of transformation products of the drug salinomycin generated by electrochemistry and liver microsome
JF  - Antibiotics
N2  - The drug salinomycin (SAL) is a polyether antibiotic and used in veterinary medicine as coccidiostat and growth promoter. Recently, SAL was suggested as a potential anticancer drug. However, transformation products (TPs) resulting from metabolic and environmental degradation of SAL are incompletely known and structural information is missing. In this study, we therefore systematically investigated the formation and identification of SAL derived TPs using electrochemistry (EC) in an electrochemical reactor and rat and human liver microsome incubation (RLM and HLM) as TP generating methods. Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was applied to determine accurate masses in a suspected target analysis to identify TPs and to deduce occurring modification reactions of derived TPs. A total of 14 new, structurally different TPs were found (two EC-TPs, five RLM-TPs, and 11 HLM-TPs). The main modification reactions are decarbonylation for EC-TPs and oxidation (hydroxylation) for RLM/HLM-TPs. Of particular interest are potassium-based TPs identified after liver microsome incubation because these might have been overlooked or declared as oxidated sodium adducts in previous, non-HRMS-based studies due to the small mass difference between K and O + Na of 21 mDa. The MS fragmentation pattern of TPs was used to predict the position of identified modifications in the SAL molecule. The obtained knowledge regarding transformation reactions and novel TPs of SAL will contribute to elucidate SAL-metabolites with regards to structural prediction.
KW  - salinomycin
KW  - ionophore antibiotics
KW  - transformation product
KW  - electrochemistry
KW  - rat
KW  - human liver microsomes
KW  - HRMS
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020155
SN  - 2079-6382
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Munnes, Stefan
A1  - Harsch, Corinna
A1  - Knobloch, Marcel
A1  - Vogel, Johannes S.
A1  - Hipp, Lena
A1  - Schilling, Erik
T1  - Examining Sentiment in Complex Texts. A Comparison of Different Computational Approaches
JF  - Frontiers in Big Data
N2  - Can we rely on computational methods to accurately analyze complex texts? To answer this question, we compared different dictionary and scaling methods used in predicting the sentiment of German literature reviews to the "gold standard " of human-coded sentiments. Literature reviews constitute a challenging text corpus for computational analysis as they not only contain different text levels-for example, a summary of the work and the reviewer's appraisal-but are also characterized by subtle and ambiguous language elements. To take the nuanced sentiments of literature reviews into account, we worked with a metric rather than a dichotomous scale for sentiment analysis. The results of our analyses show that the predicted sentiments of prefabricated dictionaries, which are computationally efficient and require minimal adaption, have a low to medium correlation with the human-coded sentiments (r between 0.32 and 0.39). The accuracy of self-created dictionaries using word embeddings (both pre-trained and self-trained) was considerably lower (r between 0.10 and 0.28). Given the high coding intensity and contingency on seed selection as well as the degree of data pre-processing of word embeddings that we found with our data, we would not recommend them for complex texts without further adaptation. While fully automated approaches appear not to work in accurately predicting text sentiments with complex texts such as ours, we found relatively high correlations with a semiautomated approach (r of around 0.6)-which, however, requires intensive human coding efforts for the training dataset. In addition to illustrating the benefits and limits of computational approaches in analyzing complex text corpora and the potential of metric rather than binary scales of text sentiment, we also provide a practical guide for researchers to select an appropriate method and degree of pre-processing when working with complex texts.
KW  - sentiment analysis
KW  - German literature
KW  - dictionary
KW  - word embeddings
KW  - automated text analysis
KW  - computer-assisted text analysis
KW  - scaling method
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2022.886362
SN  - 2624-909X
VL  - 5
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sieg, Tobias
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
T1  - Improving flood impact estimations
JF  - Environmental research letters
N2  - A reliable estimation of flood impacts enables meaningful flood risk management and rapid assessments of flood impacts shortly after a flood. The flood in 2021 in Central Europe and the analysis of its impacts revealed that these estimations are still inadequate. Therefore, we investigate the influence of different data sets and methods aiming to improve flood impact estimates. We estimated economic flood impacts to private households and companies for a flood event in 2013 in Germany using (a) two different flood maps, (b) two approaches to map exposed objects based on OpenStreetMap and the Basic European Asset Map, (c) two different approaches to estimate asset values, and (d) tree-based models and Stage-Damage-Functions to describe the vulnerability. At the macro scale, water masks lead to reasonable impact estimations. At the micro and meso-scale, the identification of affected objects by means of water masks is insufficient leading to unreliable estimations. The choice of exposure data sets is most influential on the estimations. We find that reliable impact estimations are feasible with reported numbers of flood-affected objects from the municipalities. We conclude that more effort should be put in the investigation of different exposure data sets and the estimation of asset values. Furthermore, we recommend the establishment of a reporting system in the municipalities for a fast identification of flood-affected objects shortly after an event.
KW  - rapid impact assessment
KW  - floods
KW  - OpenStreetMap
KW  - flood risk management
KW  - natural hazards
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac6d6c
SN  - 1748-9326
VL  - 17
IS  - 6
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinsohn, Natascha Katharina
A1  - Niedl, Robert Raimund
A1  - Anielski, Alexander
A1  - Lisdat, Fred
A1  - Beta, Carsten
T1  - Electrophoretic mu PAD for purification and analysis of DNA samples
JF  - Biosensors : open access journal
N2  - In this work, the fabrication and characterization of a simple, inexpensive, and effective microfluidic paper analytic device (mu PAD) for monitoring DNA samples is reported. The glass microfiber-based chip has been fabricated by a new wax-based transfer-printing technique and an electrode printing process. It is capable of moving DNA effectively in a time-dependent fashion. The nucleic acid sample is not damaged by this process and is accumulated in front of the anode, but not directly on the electrode. Thus, further DNA processing is feasible. The system allows the DNA to be purified by separating it from other components in sample mixtures such as proteins. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that DNA can be moved through several layers of the glass fiber material. This proof of concept will provide the basis for the development of rapid test systems, e.g., for the detection of pathogens in water samples.
KW  - microfluidic paper analytic device (mu PAD)
KW  - patterning glass microfiber
KW  - fiber-electrophoresis chip
KW  - DNA
KW  - imprinted electrodes
KW  - cross layer chip
KW  - polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
KW  - purification
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12020062
SN  - 2079-6374
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Li, Zhen
A1  - Spangenberg, Erik
A1  - Schicks, Judith Maria
A1  - Kempka, Thomas
T1  - Numerical simulation of hydrate formation in the LArge-Scale Reservoir Simulator (LARS)
JF  - Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research, technology development and studies in policy and management
N2  - The LArge-scale Reservoir Simulator (LARS) has been previously developed to study hydrate dissociation in hydrate-bearing systems under in-situ conditions. In the present study, a numerical framework of equations of state describing hydrate formation at equilibrium conditions has been elaborated and integrated with a numerical flow and transport simulator to investigate a multi-stage hydrate formation experiment undertaken in LARS. A verification of the implemented modeling framework has been carried out by benchmarking it against another established numerical code. Three-dimensional (3D) model calibration has been performed based on laboratory data available from temperature sensors, fluid sampling, and electrical resistivity tomography. The simulation results demonstrate that temperature profiles, spatial hydrate distribution, and bulk hydrate saturation are consistent with the observations. Furthermore, our numerical framework can be applied to calibrate geophysical measurements, optimize post-processing workflows for monitoring data, improve the design of hydrate formation experiments, and investigate the temporal evolution of sub-permafrost methane hydrate reservoirs.
KW  - methane hydrate
KW  - temperature sensor
KW  - electrical resistivity tomography
KW  - hydrate formation
KW  - numerical simulation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/en15061974
SN  - 1996-1073
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aga-Barfknecht, Heja
A1  - Soultoukis, George A.
A1  - Stadion, Mandy
A1  - Garcia-Carrizo, Francisco
A1  - Jähnert, Markus
A1  - Gottmann, Pascal
A1  - Vogel, Heike
A1  - Schulz, Tim Julius
A1  - Schürmann, Annette
T1  - Distinct adipogenic and fibrogenic differentiation capacities of mesenchymal stromal cells from pancreas and white adipose tissue
JF  - International journal of molecular sciences
N2  - Pancreatic steatosis associates with beta-cell failure and may participate in the development of type-2-diabetes. Our previous studies have shown that diabetes-susceptible mice accumulate more adipocytes in the pancreas than diabetes-resistant mice. In addition, we have demonstrated that the co-culture of pancreatic islets and adipocytes affect insulin secretion. The aim of this current study was to elucidate if and to what extent pancreas-resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with adipogenic progenitor potential differ from the corresponding stromal-type cells of the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). miRNA (miRNome) and mRNA expression (transcriptome) analyses of MSCs isolated by flow cytometry of both tissues revealed 121 differentially expressed miRNAs and 1227 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Target prediction analysis estimated 510 DEGs to be regulated by 58 differentially expressed miRNAs. Pathway analyses of DEGs and miRNA target genes showed unique transcriptional and miRNA signatures in pancreas (pMSCs) and iWAT MSCs (iwatMSCs), for instance fibrogenic and adipogenic differentiation, respectively. Accordingly, iwatMSCs revealed a higher adipogenic lineage commitment, whereas pMSCs showed an elevated fibrogenesis. As a low degree of adipogenesis was also observed in pMSCs of diabetes-susceptible mice, we conclude that the development of pancreatic steatosis has to be induced by other factors not related to cell-autonomous transcriptomic changes and miRNA-based signals.
KW  - MSCs
KW  - fatty pancreas
KW  - WAT
KW  - lineage commitment
KW  - transcriptomics
KW  - miRNAs
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042108
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
PB  - Molecular Diversity Preservation International
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Deusdará-Leal, Karinne
A1  - Samprogna Mohor, Guilherme
A1  - Cuartas, Luz Adriana
A1  - Seluchi, Marcelo E.
A1  - Marengo, Jose A.
A1  - Zhang, Rong
A1  - Broedel, Elisangela
A1  - Amore, Diogo de Jesus
A1  - Alvalá, Regina C. S.
A1  - Cunha, Ana Paula M. A.
A1  - Gonçalves, José A. C.
T1  - Trends and climate elasticity of streamflow in south-eastern Brazil basins
JF  - Water
N2  - Trends in streamflow, rainfall and potential evapotranspiration (PET) time series, from 1970 to 2017, were assessed for five important hydrological basins in Southeastern Brazil. The concept of elasticity was also used to assess the streamflow sensitivity to changes in climate variables, for annual data and 5-, 10- and 20-year moving averages. Significant negative trends in streamflow and rainfall and significant increasing trend in PET were detected. For annual analysis, elasticity revealed that 1% decrease in rainfall resulted in 1.21-2.19% decrease in streamflow, while 1% increase in PET induced different reductions percentages in streamflow, ranging from 2.45% to 9.67%. When both PET and rainfall were computed to calculate the elasticity, results were positive for some basins. Elasticity analysis considering 20-year moving averages revealed that impacts on the streamflow were cumulative: 1% decrease in rainfall resulted in 1.83-4.75% decrease in streamflow, while 1% increase in PET induced 3.47-28.3% decrease in streamflow. This different temporal response may be associated with the hydrological memory of the basins. Streamflow appears to be more sensitive in less rainy basins. This study provides useful information to support strategic government decisions, especially when the security of water resources and drought mitigation are considered in face of climate change.
KW  - runoff
KW  - precipitation
KW  - potential evapotranspiration
KW  - Pettitt test
KW  - sensitivity
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/w14142245
SN  - 2073-4441
VL  - 14
IS  - 14
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sagu Tchewonpi, Sorel
A1  - Huschek, Gerd
A1  - Waldbach Braga, Tess
A1  - Rackiewicz, Michal
A1  - Homann, Thomas
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
T1  - Design of Experiment (DoE) for Optimization of HPLC Conditions for the Simultaneous Fractionation of Seven α-Amylase/Trypsin Inhibitors from Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
JF  - Processes : open access journal
N2  - Wheat alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitors remain a subject of interest considering the latest findings showing their implication in wheat-related non-celiac sensitivity (NCWS). Understanding their functions in such a disorder is still unclear and for further study, the need for pure ATI molecules is one of the limiting problems. In this work, a simplified approach based on the successive fractionation of ATI extracts by reverse phase and ion exchange chromatography was developed. ATIs were first extracted from wheat flour using a combination of Tris buffer and chloroform/methanol methods. The separation of the extracts on a C18 column generated two main fractions of interest F1 and F2. The response surface methodology with the Doehlert design allowed optimizing the operating parameters of the strong anion exchange chromatography. Finally, the seven major wheat ATIs namely P01083, P17314, P16850, P01085, P16851, P16159, and P83207 were recovered with purity levels (according to the targeted LC-MS/MS analysis) of 98.2 ± 0.7; 98.1 ± 0.8; 97.9 ± 0.5; 95.1 ± 0.8; 98.3 ± 0.4; 96.9 ± 0.5, and 96.2 ± 0.4%, respectively. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis revealed single peaks in each of the pure fractions and the mass analysis yielded deviations of 0.4, 1.9, 0.1, 0.2, 0.2, 0.9, and 0.1% between the theoretical and the determined masses of P01083, P17314, P16850, P01085, P16851, P16159, and P83207, respectively. Overall, the study allowed establishing an efficient purification process of the most important wheat ATIs. This paves the way for further in-depth investigation of the ATIs to gain more knowledge related to their involvement in NCWS disease and to allow the absolute quantification in wheat samples.
KW  - wheat
KW  - α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors
KW  - fractionation
KW  - purification
KW  - reversed-phase chromatography
KW  - ion-exchange chromatography
KW  - design of experiment
KW  - LC–MS/MS
KW  - MALDI-TOF-MS
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10020259
SN  - 2227-9717
VL  - 10
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Prasse, Paul
A1  - Iversen, Pascal
A1  - Lienhard, Matthias
A1  - Thedinga, Kristina
A1  - Bauer, Christopher
A1  - Herwig, Ralf
A1  - Scheffer, Tobias
T1  - Matching anticancer compounds and tumor cell lines by neural networks with ranking loss
JF  - NAR: genomics and bioinformatics
N2  - Computational drug sensitivity models have the potential to improve therapeutic outcomes by identifying targeted drug components that are likely to achieve the highest efficacy for a cancer cell line at hand at a therapeutic dose. State of the art drug sensitivity models use regression techniques to predict the inhibitory concentration of a drug for a tumor cell line. This regression objective is not directly aligned with either of these principal goals of drug sensitivity models: We argue that drug sensitivity modeling should be seen as a ranking problem with an optimization criterion that quantifies a drug's inhibitory capacity for the cancer cell line at hand relative to its toxicity for healthy cells. We derive an extension to the well-established drug sensitivity regression model PaccMann that employs a ranking loss and focuses on the ratio of inhibitory concentration and therapeutic dosage range. We find that the ranking extension significantly enhances the model's capability to identify the most effective anticancer drugs for unseen tumor cell profiles based in on in-vitro data.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/nargab/lqab128
SN  - 2631-9268
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, Julia
A1  - Hölker, Franz
A1  - Eccard, Jana
T1  - Welcome to the dark side
BT  - partial nighttime illumination affects night-and daytime foraging behavior of a small mammal
JF  - Frontiers in ecology and evolution
N2  - Differences in natural light conditions caused by changes in moonlight are known to affect perceived predation risk in many nocturnal prey species. As artificial light at night (ALAN) is steadily increasing in space and intensity, it has the potential to change movement and foraging behavior of many species as it might increase perceived predation risk and mask natural light cycles. We investigated if partial nighttime illumination leads to changes in foraging behavior during the night and the subsequent day in a small mammal and whether these changes are related to animal personalities. We subjected bank voles to partial nighttime illumination in a foraging landscape under laboratory conditions and in large grassland enclosures under near natural conditions. We measured giving-up density of food in illuminated and dark artificial seed patches and video recorded the movement of animals. While animals reduced number of visits to illuminated seed patches at night, they increased visits to these patches at the following day compared to dark seed patches. Overall, bold individuals had lower giving-up densities than shy individuals but this difference increased at day in formerly illuminated seed patches. Small mammals thus showed carry-over effects on daytime foraging behavior due to ALAN, i.e., nocturnal illumination has the potential to affect intra- and interspecific interactions during both night and day with possible changes in personality structure within populations and altered predator-prey dynamics.
KW  - light pollution
KW  - inter-individual differences
KW  - animal personality
KW  - Myodes glareolus
KW  - ALAN
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.779825
SN  - 2296-701X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Li, Zhen
A1  - Spangenberg, Erik
A1  - Schicks, Judith Maria
A1  - Kempka, Thomas
T1  - Numerical Simulation of Coastal Sub-Permafrost Gas Hydrate Formation in the Mackenzie Delta, Canadian Arctic
JF  - Energies
N2  - The Mackenzie Delta (MD) is a permafrost-bearing region along the coasts of the Canadian Arctic which exhibits high sub-permafrost gas hydrate (GH) reserves. The GH occurring at the Mallik site in the MD is dominated by thermogenic methane (CH4), which migrated from deep conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, very likely through the present fault systems. Therefore, it is assumed that fluid flow transports dissolved CH4 upward and out of the deeper overpressurized reservoirs via the existing polygonal fault system and then forms the GH accumulations in the Kugmallit-Mackenzie Bay Sequences. We investigate the feasibility of this mechanism with a thermo-hydraulic-chemical numerical model, representing a cross section of the Mallik site. We present the first simulations that consider permafrost formation and thawing, as well as the formation of GH accumulations sourced from the upward migrating CH4-rich formation fluid. The simulation results show that temperature distribution, as well as the thickness and base of the ice-bearing permafrost are consistent with corresponding field observations. The primary driver for the spatial GH distribution is the permeability of the host sediments. Thus, the hypothesis on GH formation by dissolved CH4 originating from deeper geological reservoirs is successfully validated. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the permafrost has been substantially heated to 0.8-1.3 degrees C, triggered by the global temperature increase of about 0.44 degrees C and further enhanced by the Arctic Amplification effect at the Mallik site from the early 1970s to the mid-2000s.
KW  - gas hydrate
KW  - permafrost
KW  - methane
KW  - faults
KW  - climate change
KW  - Mallik
KW  - numerical simulations
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/en15144986
SN  - 1996-1073
VL  - 15
IS  - 14
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Nguyen, Huyen Evelyn
T1  - Agilität und Führungskräfte-Mitarbeiter-Beziehung in der öffentlichen Verwaltung
T1  - Agility and leader-member-exchange in public administration
N2  - Zunehmend komplexe Herausforderungen und Aufgaben lassen sich nicht mehr mit den bisherigen Strukturen, Methoden und Prozessen der klassischen Verwaltung bewältigen. Vielmehr gewinnen Ansätze und Methoden des New Work im öffentlichen Sektor angesichts der sich stetig ändernden und dynamischen Arbeitswelt eine immer größere Bedeutung. Umso mehr besteht die Notwendigkeit, sich in der Verwaltung agil aufzustellen. Unter Agilität wird hierbei die Fähigkeit einer Organisation verstanden, sich schnell verändernden Rahmenbedingungen flexibel und dynamisch anzupassen.
Im Fokus dieser Arbeit steht der Einfluss von Agilität auf die Führungskräfte-Mitarbeiter-Beziehung. Mittels einer halbstandardisierten Online-Befragung im Landesamt für Flüchtlingsangelegenheiten und im Bezirksamt Neukölln von Berlin wird zunächst der vorliegende Agilitätsgrad mit dem Fokus auf agile Organisationsstrukturen, agile Organisationskultur und agile Führung ermittelt und sodann anhand der Qualität der dyadischen Arbeitsbeziehung von Führungskraft und Mitarbeiter (LMX-Qualität) überprüft, inwiefern die agile Arbeitsweise im Vergleich zu einer nicht-agilen Arbeitsumgebung die Beziehung beeinflusst.
Im Ergebnis der Untersuchung zeigt sich, dass ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen Agilität und der Führungskräfte-Mitarbeiter-Beziehung besteht. Es stellt sich in beiden Ämtern ein mäßig bis starker Agilitätsgrad heraus, wobei besonders agile Führungseigenschaften zu den wesentlichen Faktoren zählen, die eine hochqualitative Beziehung begünstigen. Während im Bezirksamt ein Zusammenhang zwischen Agilität und hoher LMX-Qualität ermittelt wurde, konnte dieser nicht für die untersuchte Stichprobe des Landesamts festgestellt werden. Dennoch ließ sich in beiden Behörden ein positiver Einfluss von Agilität auf zumindest die Entwicklung einer erfolgreichen Führungskräfte-Mitarbeiter-Beziehung erfassen.
N2  - Continuous complex challenges and tasks are no longer solvable with the classic structures and methods of public administration. Rather concepts of New Work are gaining importance due to the dynamic work environment in the public sector. This leads to the necessity of an agile transformation in public administration. Agility in organizations is understood to be the ability to adapt to rapidly changing conditions in the work environment.    
The following paper focuses on the influence of agility on the Leader-Member-Exchange (LMX). Using a semi-standard online poll, the degree of agility with an emphasis on agile organizational structures, agile organizational culture, and agile leadership is analyzed in the State Office for Refugees Affairs and District Office Neukölln of Berlin. Furthermore, relationships between leaders and subordinates in an agile environment and relationships in a non-agile environment are compared through the lens of the quality of Leader-Member-Exchange (LMX-Quality). 
The results show a significant influence of agility on Leader-Member-Exchange. In both Offices a moderate to high degree of agility is found. Particularly, agile leadership characteristics encourage high-quality relationships. Whereas a correlation between agility and high LMX-Quality is identified in the District Office Neukölln, this result could not be observed in the State Office of Refugees Affairs. However, the influence of agility on at least the development of a positive and successful relationship is established in both Offices.
T3  - Schriftenreihe für Public und Nonprofit Management - 31 
KW  - Agilität
KW  - Führungskräfte-Mitarbeiter-Beziehung
KW  - Öffentliche Verwaltung
KW  - Leader-Member-Exchange
KW  - Agile Leadership
KW  - Public Administration
KW  - Agility
KW  - LMX-Theorie
KW  - Agile Führung
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-565831
SN  - 2190-4561
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Loges, Klara
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
T1  - Implementation Challenges of 3D Printing in Prosthodontics
BT  - A Ranking-Type Delphi
JF  - Materials
N2  - The reduction in cost and increasing benefits of 3D printing technologies suggest the potential for printing dental prosthetics. However, although 3D printing technologies seem to be promising, their implementation in practice is complicated. To identify and rank the greatest implementation challenges of 3D printing in dental practices, the present study surveys dentists, dental technicians, and 3D printing companies using a ranking-type Delphi study. Our findings imply that a lack of knowledge is the most crucial obstacle to the implementation of 3D printing technologies. The high training effort of staff and the favoring of conventional methods, such as milling, are ranked as the second and third most relevant factors. Investment costs ranked in seventh place, whereas the lack of manufacturing facilities and the obstacle of print duration ranked below average. An inclusive implementation of additive manufacturing could be achieved primarily through the education of dentists and other staff in dental practices. In this manner, production may be managed internally, and the implementation speed may be increased.
KW  - 3D printing
KW  - prosthodontics
KW  - ranking type Delphi study
KW  - additive manufacturing
KW  - dentistry
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15020431
SN  - 1996-1944
VL  - 15
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
A1  - Mohor, Guilherme Samprogna
A1  - Kreibich, Heidi
A1  - Müller, Meike
T1  - Compound inland flood events
BT  - different pathways, different impacts and different coping options
JF  - Natural hazards and earth system sciences : NHESS
N2  - Several severe flood events hit Germany in recent years, with events in 2013 and 2016 being the most destructive ones, although dynamics and flood processes were very different. While the 2013 event was a slowly rising widespread fluvial flood accompanied by some severe dike breaches, the events in 2016 were fast-onset pluvial floods, which resulted in surface water flooding in some places due to limited capacities of the drainage systems and in destructive flash floods with high sediment loads and clogging in others, particularly in small steep catchments. Hence, different pathways, i.e. different routes that the water takes to reach (and potentially damage) receptors, in our case private households, can be identified in both events. They can thus be regarded as spatially compound flood events or compound inland floods. This paper analyses how differently affected residents coped with these different flood types (fluvial and pluvial) and their impacts while accounting for the different pathways (river flood, dike breach, surface water flooding and flash flood) within the compound events. The analyses are based on two data sets with 1652 (for the 2013 flood) and 601 (for the 2016 flood) affected residents who were surveyed around 9 months after each flood, revealing little socio-economic differences - except for income - between the two samples. The four pathways showed significant differences with regard to their hydraulic and financial impacts, recovery, warning processes, and coping and adaptive behaviour. There are just small differences with regard to perceived self-efficacy and responsibility, offering entry points for tailored risk communication and support to improve property-level adaptation.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-165-2022
SN  - 1561-8633
SN  - 1684-9981
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
SP  - 165
EP  - 185
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stone, Kate
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
A1  - von der Malsburg, Titus Raban
T1  - Does entropy modulate the prediction of German long-distance verb particles?
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - In this paper we examine the effect of uncertainty on readers' predictions about meaning. In particular, we were interested in how uncertainty might influence the likelihood of committing to a specific sentence meaning. We conducted two event-related potential (ERP) experiments using particle verbs such as turn down and manipulated uncertainty by constraining the context such that readers could be either highly certain about the identity of a distant verb particle, such as turn the bed [...] down, or less certain due to competing particles, such as turn the music [...] up/down. The study was conducted in German, where verb particles appear clause-finally and may be separated from the verb by a large amount of material. We hypothesised that this separation would encourage readers to predict the particle, and that high certainty would make prediction of a specific particle more likely than lower certainty. If a specific particle was predicted, this would reflect a strong commitment to sentence meaning that should incur a higher processing cost if the prediction is wrong. If a specific particle was less likely to be predicted, commitment should be weaker and the processing cost of a wrong prediction lower. If true, this could suggest that uncertainty discourages predictions via an unacceptable cost-benefit ratio. However, given the clear predictions made by the literature, it was surprisingly unclear whether the uncertainty manipulation affected the two ERP components studied, the N400 and the PNP. Bayes factor analyses showed that evidence for our a priori hypothesised effect sizes was inconclusive, although there was decisive evidence against a priori hypothesised effect sizes larger than 1 mu Vfor the N400 and larger than 3 mu V for the PNP. We attribute the inconclusive finding to the properties of verb-particle dependencies that differ from the verb-noun dependencies in which the N400 and PNP are often studied.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267813
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 17
IS  - 8
PB  - PLOS
CY  - San Francisco, California, US
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pedro Ernesto, Pinho Tavares Leal
A1  - da Silva, Alexandre Alves
A1  - Rocha-Gomes, Arthur
A1  - Riul, Tania Regina
A1  - Cunha, Rennan Augusto
A1  - Reichetzeder, Christoph
A1  - Villela, Daniel Campos
T1  - High-salt diet in the pre- and postweaning periods leads to amygdala oxidative stress and changes in locomotion and anxiety-like behaviors of male wistar rats
JF  - Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
N2  - High-salt (HS) diets have recently been linked to oxidative stress in the brain, a fact that may be a precursor to behavioral changes, such as those involving anxiety-like behavior. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the amygdala redox status after consuming a HS diet in the pre- or postweaning periods. This study aimed to evaluate the amygdala redox status and anxiety-like behaviors in adulthood, after inclusion of HS diet in two periods: preconception, gestation, and lactation (preweaning); and only after weaning (postweaning). Initially, 18 females and 9 male Wistar rats received a standard (n = 9 females and 4 males) or a HS diet (n = 9 females and 5 males) for 120 days. After mating, females continued to receive the aforementioned diets during gestation and lactation. Weaning occurred at 21-day-old Wistar rats and the male offspring were subdivided: control-control (C-C)-offspring of standard diet fed dams who received a standard diet after weaning (n = 9-11), control-HS (C-HS)-offspring of standard diet fed dams who received a HS diet after weaning (n = 9-11), HS-C-offspring of HS diet fed dams who received a standard diet after weaning (n = 9-11), and HS-HS-offspring of HS diet fed dams who received a HS diet after weaning (n = 9-11). At adulthood, the male offspring performed the elevated plus maze and open field tests. At 152-day-old Wistar rats, the offspring were euthanized and the amygdala was removed for redox state analysis. The HS-HS group showed higher locomotion and rearing frequency in the open field test. These results indicate that this group developed hyperactivity. The C-HS group had a higher ratio of entries and time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze test in addition to a higher head-dipping frequency. These results suggest less anxiety-like behaviors. In the analysis of the redox state, less activity of antioxidant enzymes and higher levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the amygdala were shown in the amygdala of animals that received a high-salt diet regardless of the period (pre- or postweaning). In conclusion, the high-salt diet promoted hyperactivity when administered in the pre- and postweaning periods. In animals that received only in the postweaning period, the addition of salt induced a reduction in anxiety-like behaviors. Also, regardless of the period, salt provided amygdala oxidative stress, which may be linked to the observed behaviors.
KW  - high-sodium
KW  - open-field
KW  - elevated plus-maze
KW  - pre-natal
KW  - post-natal
KW  - redox state
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.779080
SN  - 1662-5153
VL  - 15
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Atmani, Farid
A1  - Bookhagen, Bodo
A1  - Smith, Taylor
T1  - Measuring vegetation heights and their seasonal changes in the Western Namibian Savanna using spaceborne lidars
JF  - Remote sensing / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
N2  - The Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) with its land and vegetation height data product (ATL08), and Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) with its terrain elevation and height metrics data product (GEDI Level 2A) missions have great potential to globally map ground and canopy heights. Canopy height is a key factor in estimating above-ground biomass and its seasonal changes; these satellite missions can also improve estimated above-ground carbon stocks. This study presents a novel Sparse Vegetation Detection Algorithm (SVDA) which uses ICESat-2 (ATL03, geolocated photons) data to map tree and vegetation heights in a sparsely vegetated savanna ecosystem. The SVDA consists of three main steps: First, noise photons are filtered using the signal confidence flag from ATL03 data and local point statistics. Second, we classify ground photons based on photon height percentiles. Third, tree and grass photons are classified based on the number of neighbors. We validated tree heights with field measurements (n = 55), finding a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.82 m using SVDA, GEDI Level 2A (Geolocated Elevation and Height Metrics product): 1.33 m, and ATL08: 5.59 m. Our results indicate that the SVDA is effective in identifying canopy photons in savanna ecosystems, where ATL08 performs poorly. We further identify seasonal vegetation height changes with an emphasis on vegetation below 3 m; widespread height changes in this class from two wet-dry cycles show maximum seasonal changes of 1 m, possibly related to seasonal grass-height differences. Our study shows the difficulties of vegetation measurements in savanna ecosystems but provides the first estimates of seasonal biomass changes.
KW  - ICESat-2
KW  - GEDI
KW  - canopy height
KW  - lidar
KW  - savanna
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122928
SN  - 2072-4292
VL  - 14
IS  - 12
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Eichel, Benjamin
T1  - Die Reform des Gemeinsamen Europäischen Asylsystems
T1  - La réforme du régime d'asile européen commun (RAEC)
T1  - The reform of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS)
BT  - Wie sind die Interessen der EU-Mitgliedstaaten hinsichtlich Aufnahme und Verteilung von Geflüchteten und des Grundsatzes der Solidarität zwischen den Mitgliedstaaten zu bewerten und welche Rückschlüsse lassen sich daraus für die Erfolgsaussichten der Reform ziehen?
BT  - Comment faut-il interpréter les intérêts des États membres de l’UE en ce qui concerne l’accueil et la répartition des réfugiés et le principe de solidarité entre États membres, et quelles conclusions peut-on en tirer sur les perspectives de succès de la réforme ?
BT  - How are the interests of the EU Member States with regard to the admission and relocation of refugees and the principle of solidarity between the Member States to be assessed and what conclusions can be drawn from this for the potential success of the reform?
T2  - MEGA-Schriftenreihe
N2  - Die Reform des Gemeinsamen Europäischen Asylsystems (GEAS) ist eine der größten Herausforderungen und eine der drängendsten Aufgaben der EU und ihrer Mitgliedstaaten. Dabei stellt die Frage der „gerechten Lastenteilung“ in der Asyl- und Migrationspolitik den Zusammenhalt der EU auf eine Zerreißprobe. Seit den gescheiterten Verhandlungen über die GEAS-Reform 2016/2017 versuchen die Mitgliedstaaten, einen Ausgleich zwischen den Grundsätzen der Solidarität und Verantwortlichkeit zu finden, wie es Art. 80 AEUV für das GEAS vorgibt. Je nach Interessenlage verbirgt sich dahinter aber ein sehr unterschiedliches Verständnis.
Diese Arbeit untersucht die Reformbemühungen beim GEAS nach Vorlage der Kommissionsvorschläge im September 2020 und beleuchtet die divergierenden Interessenlagen der Mitgliedstaaten hinsichtlich Aufnahme und Verteilung von Geflüchteten. Ziel der Arbeit ist, eine Aussage über die Erfolgsaussichten einer Einigung über die Grundsätze der Solidarität und Verantwortung zu treffen. Dazu werden zunächst die Verpflichtungen im Asylrecht basierend auf internationalen Übereinkommen wie der Genfer Flüchtlingskonvention dargestellt. An-schließend werden GEAS und Dublin-System, das dem Ersteinreisestaat die Zuständigkeit für die Asylverfahren zuschreibt, und die Ursachen für sein Scheitern analysiert.
Diese Verantwortungsteilung, die zu einer überproportionalen Belastung der Mitgliedstaaten im Süden führt, ist Kristallisationspunkt für Konflikte, gegenseitigen Vorwürfe und Misstrau-en zwischen den Mitgliedstaaten. Infolge einer tatsächlichen Überlastung und teilweise selbst verschuldeten Unmöglichkeit, die GEAS-Verpflichtungen zu erfüllen, rufen die Südstaaten nach Unterstützung aus dem Norden und betreiben teilweise sogar eine Politik des Laissez-Passer. Durch teilweise katastrophale Zustände bei Verfahren, Unterbringung und Versorgung der Geflüchteten entstehen Rückführungshindernisse und Druck auf die Zielstaaten, mehr Solidarität zu leisten.
Ausgehend von diesem Befund wird der Bedeutungsgehalt des Solidaritätsprinzips in Art. 80 AEUV in normativer und deskriptiver Hinsicht untersucht. Normativ handelt es sich dabei um eine abstrakte Rechtspflicht zur gegenseitigen Unterstützung, deren Ausgestaltung im politischen Ermessen der Mitgliedstaaten liegt. Deskriptiv kann unter „Solidarität“ der Zweck verstanden werden, dass die Verwirklichung individueller Interessen einer kollektiven Anstrengung bedarf, die wiederum das Gemeinwohl fördert und somit im Interesse aller liegt. Dem folgend müssten alle Mitgliedstaaten ein Interesse an der Bewältigung der Herausforderungen der Migration nach Europa haben.
Die Interessen der Mitgliedstaten deuten aber auf etwas anderes hin. Die durch die Ankünfte von Schutzsuchenden aus dem Süden stark belasteten Mittelmeeranrainer wie Griechenland und Italien fordern eine Abkehr vom Dublin-System. Die migrationskritischen Visegrád-Staaten verweigern im Grunde jede Unterstützung bei der Aufnahme und berufen sich darauf, dass sie ihre rechtlichen Verpflichtungen erfüllen. Staaten, die lange Zeit eine liberale Migrationspolitik verfolgten und beliebte Zielländer waren wie Schweden, ringen nach der Migrationskrise 2015/2016 mit sich auf der Suche nach einem migrationspolitischen Kurs, der rechts-populistische Kräfte nicht noch weiter erstarken lässt. Auch die Hauptzielländer Deutschland und Frankreich versuchen den jeweiligen innenpolitischen Diskursen entsprechend, die Sekundärmigration zu verhindern und wollen auf unterschiedliche Weise die Außengrenzstaaten unterstützen, wobei Deutschland die Umverteilung aller unterstützt.
Die im September 2020 vorgelegten Vorschläge der Kommission versuchen, den unterschiedlichen Interessen Rechnung zu tragen. Durch die Schaffung eines Grenzverfahrens soll die Anzahl der in die EU einreisenden und zu verteilenden Geflüchteten reduziert werden. Durch Änderung der Dublin-Kriterien soll die Zuständigkeit der potentiellen Zielländer erweitert werden, um die Südländer zu entlasten und der Sekundärmigration entgegenzuwirken. Mit der gleichen Zielrichtung soll auf Grundlage eines neuen Solidaritätsmechanismus eine Umverteilung unbegleiteter Minderjähriger und aus Seenot Geretteter erfolgen. In Krisenzeiten soll daraus eine generelle Umverteilung aller Schutzsuchenden erwachsen, wobei Solidarität weiterhin auf verschiedene Art und Weise geleistet werden können soll.
Angesichts der Verhandlungen während der deutschen EU-Ratspräsidentschaft und des er-reichten Zwischenergebnisses besteht Skepsis, dass die Mitgliedstaaten sich bald auf eine GEAS-Reform einigen werden. Dazu liegen die Interessen der Mitgliedstaaten auch hinsichtlich der Solidarität zu weit auseinander. Zudem stellt sich die in Hinblick auf die europäische Integration und die Zukunft der EU besorgniserregende Frage, worin das im Interesse aller liegende Gemeinwohl in der Asylpolitik liegen soll, das die gemeinsame Kraftanstrengung zu einem individuellen Interesse jedes Einzelnen werden lässt. Denn anders als bei der Schaffung des Schengen-Raums als Raum ohne Binnengrenzen sind Wohlstandsgewinne von der Aufnahme Geflüchteter vorerst nicht zu erwarten.
N2  - La réforme du régime d'asile européen commun (RAEC) compte parmi les plus grands défis et les tâches les plus urgentes de l’UE et de ses États membres. La question de la « juste répartition des charges » dans la politique d’asile et de migration met la cohésion de l’UE à rude épreuve. Depuis l’échec des négociations sur la réforme du RAEC en 2016/17, les États membres tentent de trouver un équilibre entre les principes de solidarité et de responsabilité que l’article 80 TFUE stipule pour le RAEC. Toutefois, la conception en diffère fortement selon les intérêts en question.
Le présent travail analyse les efforts visant à réformer le RAEC suite aux propositions faites par la Commission en septembre 2020, et scrute les divergences d’intérêts entre les États membres concernant l’accueil et la répartition des réfugiés, l’objectif étant de faire un pronostic sur les chances d’aboutir à un accord sur les principes de solidarité et de responsabilité. Dans un premier temps, il s’agira de présenter les obligations en matière de droit d’asile, découlant des accords internationaux tels que la Convention de Genève. Ensuite, le RAEC et le système de Dublin attribuant à l’État de première entrée la responsabilité pour la procédure d’asile seront analysés tout comme les causes de son échec.
Cette répartition des responsabilités qui entraîne une charge disproportionnée pour les États membres du Sud, opère comme un catalyseur de conflits, de reproches mutuels et de la méfiance entre les États membres. Les États du Sud demandent le soutien des pays du Nord en raison de leur dépassement réel et de leur incapacité, partiellement créée par eux-mêmes, de remplir les obligations du RAEC, et mènent partiellement même une politique de laissez-passer. Les situations parfois catastrophiques dans les procédures, l’hébergement et la prise en charge des réfugiés font naître des obstacles à l’éloignement et une pression pour plus de solidarité sur les États de destination finale.
Ce constat est à la base de l’analyse normative et descriptive concernant l’interprétation à apporter au principe de solidarité énoncé à l’article 80 TFUE. Sur le plan des normes, cette notion englobe une obligation juridique abstraite d’assistance mutuelle dont l’organisation concrète est laissée à la discrétion politique des États membres. Quant à son acception descriptive, la « solidarité » peut être interprétée comme la nécessité de réaliser des intérêts individuels par un effort collectif, qui soutient à son tour le bien-être général et est, par là, dans l’intérêt de tous. Il en découle que tous les États membres devraient avoir intérêt à gérer les défis de la migration vers l’Europe.
Les intérêts des États membres révèlent toutefois un autre message. Les pays de la Méditerranée, tels que la Grèce et l’Italie, fortement sollicités par les arrivées de personnes en quête de protection en provenance du Sud, réclament l’abolition du système de Dublin. Les États de Visegrad, réfractaires aux questions de migration, refusent en principe tout soutien pour l’accueil en alléguant déjà remplir leurs obligations légales. Et même les pays qui ont longtemps poursuivi une politique migratoire libérale et qui ont été des pays de destination de prédilection tels que la Suède cherchent une orientation politique, après la crise migratoire de 2015/2016, qui ne ferait pas grandir les voix populistes de l’extrême-droite. La France et l’Allemagne, principaux pays de destination, eux aussi, tentent d’endiguer des mouvements secondaires, tenant à cet égard compte des propos de politique intérieure respectives, et entendent soutenir, sous différentes formes, les États aux frontières extérieures, l’Allemagne défendant le principe de relocalisation.
Les propositions de la Commission européenne présentées en septembre 2020 tentent de tenir compte des différents intérêts. L’institution d’une procédure à la frontière viserait à réduire le nombre des réfugiés arrivant dans l’UE et à relocaliser. Le changement des critères de Dublin viserait à élargir la responsabilité des pays de destination potentiels afin de soulager les pays du Sud et de lutter contre les mouvements secondaires. Dans la même ligne d’idées, un nouveau mécanisme de solidarité serait appelé à permettre une relocalisation de mineurs non-accompagnés et des personnes sauvées en mer, ce mécanisme ayant, en temps de crise, vocation à devenir un mécanisme de relocalisation générale de toute personne en quête de protection, la solidarité pouvant être apporté sous diverses formes.
À la lumière des négociations menées sous présidence allemande du conseil de l’UE et du résultat intermédiaire obtenu, l’on peut être sceptique que les États membres s’accorderont bientôt sur une réforme du RAEC. Les intérêts des États membres sont trop divergents, aussi pour ce qui est de la solidarité. En outre, se pose une question préoccupante pour l’intégration européenne et l’avenir de l’UE : Où trouverait-on un intérêt général de tous en matière de politique d’asile faisant de l’effort commun un intérêt individuel de chacun ? En effet, contrairement à la création de l’espace Schengen en tant qu’espace sans frontières intérieures, l’accueil de réfugiés ne promet pas des gains de prospérité.
N2  - The reform of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) is one of the greatest challenges and one of the most urgent tasks facing the EU and its member states. In this context, the question of "fair burden-sharing" in asylum and migration policy is putting the cohesion of the EU to the test. Since the failed negotiations on the CEAS reform in 2016/2017, the member states have been trying to find a balance between the principles of solidarity and responsibility, as stipulated by Art. 80 TFEU for the CEAS. Depending on the interests at stake, however, the understanding behind this varies greatly.
This paper examines the reform efforts of the CEAS after the presentation of the Commission's proposals in September 2020 and sheds light on the diverging interests of the Member States with regard to the reception and distribution of refugees. The aim of the work is to make a statement about the chances of success of an agreement on the principles of solidarity and responsibility. To this end, the obligations in asylum law based on international conventions such as the Geneva Refugee Convention are first presented. GEAS and the Dublin system, which assigns responsibility for asylum procedures to the first country of entry, and the reasons for its failure are then analysed.
This division of responsibility, which leads to a disproportionate burden on member states in the South, is a focal point for conflicts, mutual accusations and mistrust between member states. As a result of an actual overload and partly self-inflicted impossibility to fulfil the CEAS obligations, the Southern states call for support from the North and at the same time pursue a policy of laissez-passer. Partly catastrophic conditions in the procedures, accommodation and care of refugees create obstacles to repatriation and pressure on the destination states to provide more solidarity.
Based on this finding, the meaning of the principle of solidarity in Article 80 TFEU is examined from a normative and descriptive perspective. Normatively, it is an abstract legal obligation to provide mutual support, the form of which is left to the political discretion of the Member States. Descriptively, "solidarity" can be understood as the purpose that the realisation of individual interests requires a collective effort, which in turn promotes the common good and is thus in the interest of all. Following this, all member states would have to have an interest in addressing the challenges of migration to Europe.
However, the interests of the member states indicate otherwise. The Mediterranean countries such as Greece and Italy, which are heavily burdened by the arrivals of protection seekers from the south, are demanding a departure from the Dublin system. The Visegrád states, which are critical of migration, are basically refusing to provide any support in terms of reception, citing that they are fulfilling their legal obligations. States that for a long time pursued a liberal migration policy and were popular destination countries, such as Sweden, are wrestling with themselves after the migration crisis of 2015/2016 in search of a migration policy course that will not allow right-wing populist forces to grow even stronger. The main target countries, Germany and France, are also trying to prevent secondary migration in line with their respective domestic political discourses and want to support the external border countries in different ways, with Germany supporting the redistribution of all.
The Commission's proposals presented in September 2020 attempt to accommodate the different interests. By creating a border procedure, the number of refugees entering the EU and having to be relocated should be reduced. By amending the Dublin criteria, the responsibility of potential countries of destination is to be expanded in order to relieve southern countries and counter secondary migration. With the same goal in mind, a new solidarity mechanism should be used to relocate unaccompanied minors and those rescued from distress at sea. In times of crisis, this should result in a general relocation of all those seeking protection, whereby solidarity can continue to be provided in various ways.
In view of the negotiations during the German EU Council Presidency and the interim result achieved, there is scepticism that the member states will soon agree on a CEAS reform. The interests of the member states are too far apart for this, also with regard to solidarity. In addition, the question arises, which is worrying with regard to European integration and the future of the EU, as to what the common good in asylum policy, which is in the interest of all, is supposed to be, which turns the joint effort into an individual interest of each individual. For unlike the creation of the Schengen area as an area without internal borders, no gains in prosperity are to be expected from the admission of refugees for the time being.
T3  - MEGA-Schriftenreihe - 7 
KW  - Migrationspolitik
KW  - Gemeinsames Europäisches Asylsystem
KW  - Europäische Union
KW  - Solidaritätsprinzip
KW  - Politique migratoire
KW  - Régime d'asile européen commun
KW  - Union européenne
KW  - Principe de solidarité
KW  - Migration policy
KW  - Common European Asylum System
KW  - European Union
KW  - Principle of solidarity
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-557675
SN  - 2701-391X
IS  - 7
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Moran, Jason
A1  - Vali, Norodin
A1  - Drury, Ben
A1  - Hammami, Raouf
A1  - Tallent, Jamie
A1  - Chaabene, Helmi
A1  - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
T1  - The effect of volume equated 1-versus 2-day formats of Nordic hamstring exercise training on fitness in youth soccer players
BT  - a randomised controlled trial
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - Purpose
This randomised controlled trial examined the effect of an 8-week volume-equated programme of Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) training, executed at frequencies of 1- or 2-days per week, on fitness (10 m and 40 m sprint, '505' change of direction [COD] and standing long jump [SLJ]) in male youth soccer players (mean age: 16.4 0.81 years). 

Method
Players were divided into an experimental group (n = 16) which was further subdivided into 1-day (n = 8) and 2-day (n = 8) per week training groups and a control group (n = 8). 

Results
There were significant group-by-time interactions for 10-m sprint (p<0.001, eta(2) = 0.120, d = 2.05 [0.57 to 3.53]), 40-m sprint (p = 0.001, eta(2) = 0.041, d = 1.09 [-0.23 to 2.4]) and COD (p = 0.002, eta(2) = 0.063, d = 1.25 [-0.09 to 2.59). The experimental group demonstrated a 'very large' effect size (d = 3.02 [1.5 to 4.54]) in 10-m sprint, and 'large' effect sizes in 40-m sprint (d = 1.94 [0.98 to 2.90]) and COD (d = 1.84 [0.85 to 2.83). The control group showed no significant changes. There were no significant differences between the 1-day and 2-day training groups. In three of the four tests (40 m, COD, SLJ) the 2-day group demonstrated larger effect sizes. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were significantly lower in the 2-day group (p<0.001, 3.46 [1.83 to 5.04).

Conclusion
The NHE increases fitness in youth soccer players and there may be advantages to spreading training over two days instead of one.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277437
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 17
IS  - 12
PB  - PLOS
CY  - San Francisco, California, US
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
A1  - Pérez-Castilla, Alejandro
A1  - Thapa, Rohit Kumar
A1  - Afonso, José
A1  - Clemente, Filipe Manuel Batista
A1  - Colado, Juan C.
A1  - Eduardo, Saéz de Villarreal
A1  - Chaabene, Helmi
T1  - Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Measures of Physical Fitness and Sport-Specific Performance of Water Sports Athletes
BT  - A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
JF  - Sports Medicine - Open
N2  - Background
A growing body of literature is available regarding the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on measures of physical fitness (PF) and sport-specific performance (SSP) in-water sports athletes (WSA, i.e. those competing in sports that are practiced on [e.g. rowing] or in [e.g. swimming; water polo] water). Indeed, incoherent findings have been observed across individual studies making it difficult to provide the scientific community and coaches with consistent evidence. As such, a comprehensive systematic literature search should be conducted to clarify the existent evidence, identify the major gaps in the literature, and offer recommendations for future studies.

Aim
To examine the effects of PJT compared with active/specific-active controls on the PF (one-repetition maximum back squat strength, squat jump height, countermovement jump height, horizontal jump distance, body mass, fat mass, thigh girth) and SSP (in-water vertical jump, in-water agility, time trial) outcomes in WSA, through a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized controlled studies.

Methods
The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to January 2022. According to the PICOS approach, the eligibility criteria were: (population) healthy WSA; (intervention) PJT interventions involving unilateral and/or bilateral jumps, and a minimal duration of ≥ 3 weeks; (comparator) active (i.e. standard sports training) or specific-active (i.e. alternative training intervention) control group(s); (outcome) at least one measure of PF (e.g. jump height) and/or SSP (e.g. time trial) before and after training; and (study design) multi-groups randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to compute the meta-analyses, reporting effect sizes (ES, i.e. Hedges’ g) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Certainty or confidence in the body of evidence for each outcome was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), considering its five dimensions: risk of bias in studies, indirectness, inconsistency, imprecision, and risk of publication bias.

Results
A total of 11,028 studies were identified with 26 considered eligible for inclusion. The median PEDro score across the included studies was 5.5 (moderate-to-high methodological quality). The included studies involved a total of 618 WSA of both sexes (330 participants in the intervention groups [31 groups] and 288 participants in the control groups [26 groups]), aged between 10 and 26 years, and from different sports disciplines such as swimming, triathlon, rowing, artistic swimming, and water polo. The duration of the training programmes in the intervention and control groups ranged from 4 to 36 weeks. The results of the meta-analysis indicated no effects of PJT compared to control conditions (including specific-active controls) for in-water vertical jump or agility (ES =  − 0.15 to 0.03; p = 0.477 to 0.899), or for body mass, fat mass, and thigh girth (ES = 0.06 to 0.15; p = 0.452 to 0.841). In terms of measures of PF, moderate-to-large effects were noted in favour of the PJT groups compared to the control groups (including specific-active control groups) for one-repetition maximum back squat strength, horizontal jump distance, squat jump height, and countermovement jump height (ES = 0.67 to 1.47; p = 0.041 to < 0.001), in addition to a small effect noted in favour of the PJT for SSP time-trial speed (ES = 0.42; p = 0.005). Certainty of evidence across the included studies varied from very low-to-moderate.

Conclusions
PJT is more effective to improve measures of PF and SSP in WSA compared to control conditions involving traditional sport-specific training as well as alternative training interventions (e.g. resistance training). It is worth noting that the present findings are derived from 26 studies of moderate-to-high methodological quality, low-to-moderate impact of heterogeneity, and very low-to-moderate certainty of evidence based on GRADE.

Trial registration The protocol for this systematic review with meta-analysis was published in the Open Science platform (OSF) on January 23, 2022, under the registration doi https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NWHS3 (internet archive link: https://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-nwhs3-v1).
KW  - Plyometric exercise
KW  - Musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena
KW  - Human physical conditioning
KW  - Movement
KW  - Muscle strength
KW  - Resistance training
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00502-2
SN  - 2198-9761
VL  - 8
SP  - 1
EP  - 27
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rebitschek, Felix G.
A1  - Ellermann, Christin
A1  - Jenny, Miriam A.
A1  - Siegel, Nico A.
A1  - Spinner, Christian
A1  - Wagner, Gert G.
T1  - Fact boxes that inform individual decisions may contribute to a more positive evaluation of COVID-19 vaccinations at the population level
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - OBJECTIVE: For an effective control of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with vaccines, most people in a population need to be vaccinated. It is thus important to know how to inform the public with reference to individual preferences–while also acknowledging the societal preference to encourage vaccinations. According to the health care standard of informed decision-making, a comparison of the benefits and harms of (not) having the vaccination would be required to inform undecided and skeptical people. To test evidence-based fact boxes, an established risk communication format, and to inform their development, we investigated their contribution to knowledge and evaluations of COVID-19 vaccines.

METHODS: We conducted four studies (1, 2, and 4 were population-wide surveys with N = 1,942 to N = 6,056): Study 1 assessed the relationship between vaccination knowledge and intentions in Germany over three months. Study 2 assessed respective information gaps and needs of the population in Germany. In parallel, an experiment (Study 3) with a mixed design (presentation formats; pre-post-comparison) assessed the effect of fact boxes on risk perceptions and fear, using a convenience sample (N = 719). Study 4 examined how effective two fact box formats are for informing vaccination intentions, with a mixed experimental design: between-subjects (presentation formats) and within-subjects (pre-post-comparison).

RESULTS: Study 1 showed that vaccination knowledge and vaccination intentions increased between November 2020 and February 2021. Study 2 revealed objective information requirements and subjective information needs. Study 3 showed that the fact box format is effective in adjusting risk perceptions concerning COVID-19. Based on those results, fact boxes were revised and implemented with the help of a national health authority in Germany. Study 4 showed that simple fact boxes increase vaccination knowledge and positive evaluations in skeptics and undecideds.

CONCLUSION: Fact boxes can inform COVID-19 vaccination intentions of undecided and skeptical people without threatening societal vaccination goals of the population.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274186
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 17
IS  - 9
PB  - PLOS
CY  - San Francisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scharf, Christina
A1  - Weinelt, Ferdinand Anton
A1  - Schroeder, Ines
A1  - Paal, Michael
A1  - Weigand, Michael
A1  - Zoller, Michael
A1  - Irlbeck, Michael
A1  - Kloft, Charlotte
A1  - Briegel, Josef
A1  - Liebchen, Uwe
T1  - Does the cytokine adsorber CytoSorb (R) reduce vancomycin exposure in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock?
BT  - a prospective observational study
JF  - Annals of intensive care
N2  - Background: 
Hemadsorption of cytokines is used in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock. Concerns have been raised that the cytokine adsorber CytoSorb (R) unintentionally adsorbs vancomycin. This study aimed to quantify vancomycin elimination by CytoSorb (R) . 

Methods: 
Critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock receiving continuous renal replacement therapy and CytoSorb (R) treatment during a prospective observational study were included in the analysis. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics was characterized using population pharmacokinetic modeling. Adsorption of vancomycin by the CytoSorb (R) was investigated as linear or saturable process. The final model was used to derive dosing recommendations based on stochastic simulations. 

Results:
20 CytoSorb (R) treatments in 7 patients (160 serum samples/24 during CytoSorb (R)-treatment, all continuous infusion) were included in the study. A classical one-compartment model, including effluent flow rate of the continuous hemodialysis as linear covariate on clearance, best described the measured concentrations (without CytoSorb (R)). Significant adsorption with a linear decrease during CytoSorb (R) treatment was identified (p <0.0001) and revealed a maximum increase in vancomycin clearance of 291% (initially after CytoSorb (R) installation) and a maximum adsorption capacity of 572 mg. For a representative patient of our cohort a reduction of the area under the curve (AUC) by 93 mg/L*24 h during CytoSorb (R) treatment was observed. The additional administration of 500 mg vancomycin over 2 h during CytoSorb (R) attenuated the effect and revealed a negligible reduction of the AUC by 4 mg/L*24h.

Conclusion: 
We recommend the infusion of 500 mg vancomycin over 2 h during CytoSorb (R) treatment to avoid subtherapeutic concentrations.
KW  - Vancomycin
KW  - Critically ill patients
KW  - CytoSorb (R)
KW  - Sepsis;
KW  - Pharmacokinetics
KW  - Adsorption
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-022-01017-5
SN  - 2110-5820
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Alerasoul, Sayed Alireza
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
A1  - Bouncken, Ricarda B.
T1  - Entrepreneurship and innovation
BT  - the coevolution of two fields
JF  - Journal of small business strategy
N2  - Both entrepreneurship and innovation play a key role for business growth and economic development and are conceptually highly intertwined. Both fields have received extensive attention that has resulted in a large number of publications. The aim of this work is to provide an overview on the coevolution of entrepreneurship and innovation over the last decades, with particular attention to recent research trends. To track the evolution at the intersection of both fields, we employ a bibliometric analysis, which allowed us to identify the key concepts, the backbone of research, and to provide a systematic classification of main research themes diagnosed including: 1) entrepreneurial innovation and digital transformation, 2) sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship, 3) product innovation and knowledge, 4) entrepreneurial orientation and leadership, and 5) regional entrepreneurship and innovation (innovative entrepreneurship and historical roots). The findings of this bibliometric review are reported in the form of a knowledge graph that represents the results obtained in terms of the knowledge base (key terms), knowledge domains, and knowledge evolution (themes and bursts), based on which themes for future research are suggested.
KW  - bibliometric analysis
KW  - literature review
KW  - innovation
KW  - entrepreneurship
KW  - knowledge graph
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.53703/001c.29968
SN  - 1081-8510
SN  - 2380-1751
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
PB  - Middle Tennessee State University
CY  - Murfreesboro, TN
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Neumann, Daniel
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
A1  - Biendarra, Florin
T1  - Adopting wearables to customize health insurance contributions
BT  - a ranking-type Delphi
JF  - BMC medical informatics and decision making
N2  - Background
Wearables, as small portable computer systems worn on the body, can track user fitness and health data, which can be used to customize health insurance contributions individually. In particular, insured individuals with a healthy lifestyle can receive a reduction of their contributions to be paid. However, this potential is hardly used in practice.

Objective
This study aims to identify which barrier factors impede the usage of wearables for assessing individual risk scores for health insurances, despite its technological feasibility, and to rank these barriers according to their relevance.

Methods
To reach these goals, we conduct a ranking-type Delphi study with the following three stages. First, we collected possible barrier factors from a panel of 16 experts and consolidated them to a list of 11 barrier categories. Second, the panel was asked to rank them regarding their relevance. Third, to enhance the panel consensus, the ranking was revealed to the experts, who were then asked to re-rank the barriers.

Results
The results suggest that regulation is the most important barrier. Other relevant barriers are false or inaccurate measurements and application errors caused by the users. Additionally, insurers could lack the required technological competence to use the wearable data appropriately.

Conclusion
A wider use of wearables and health apps could be achieved through regulatory modifications, especially regarding privacy issues. Even after assuring stricter regulations, users’ privacy concerns could partly remain, if the data exchange between wearables manufacturers, health app providers, and health insurers does not become more transparent.
KW  - Delphi study
KW  - Health insurance
KW  - Wearable electronic device
KW  - Wearable technology
KW  - Internet of Things
KW  - Barriers
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-01851-4
SN  - 1472-6947
VL  - 22
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kwarikunda, Diana
A1  - Schiefele, Ulrich
A1  - Muwonge, Charles Magoba
A1  - Ssenyonga, Joseph
T1  - Profiles of learners based on their cognitive and metacognitive learning strategy use: occurrence and relations with gender, intrinsic motivation, and perceived autonomy support
JF  - Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
N2  - For life-long learning, an effective learning strategy repertoire is particularly important during acquisition of knowledge in lower secondary school—an educational level characterized with transition into more autonomous learning environments with increased complex academic demands. Using latent profile analysis, we explored the occurrence of different secondary school learner profiles depending on their various combinations of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategy use, as well as their differences in perceived autonomy support, intrinsic motivation, and gender. Data were collected from 576 ninth grade students in Uganda using self-report questionnaires. Four learner profiles were identified: competent strategy user, struggling user, surface-level learner, and deep-level learner profiles. Gender differences were noted in students’ use of elaboration and organization strategies to learn Physics, in favor of girls. In terms of profile memberships, significant differences in gender, intrinsic motivation and perceived autonomy support were also noted. Girls were 2.4–2.7 times more likely than boys to be members of the competent strategy user and surface-level learner profiles. Additionally, higher levels of intrinsic motivation predicted an increased likelihood membership into the deep-level learner profile, while higher levels of perceived teacher autonomy predicted an increased likelihood membership into the competent strategy user profile as compared to other profiles. Further, implications of the findings were discussed.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01322-1
SN  - 2055-1045
VL  - 9
PB  - Springer Nature
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Weyland, Michael
A1  - Pallast, Gregor
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
ED  - Brahm, Taiga
ED  - Iberer, Ulrich
ED  - Kärner, Tobias
ED  - Weyland, Michael
T1  - Ökonomisches Denken fördern durch kognitiv aktivierende Aufgaben
T2  - Ökonomisches Denken lehren und lernen
N2  - In diesem Beitrag möchten wir einen Gedanken des amerikanischen Mathematikers Paul Halmos aufgreifen und konkretisieren. Wir möchten verdeutlichen, dass ökonomisches  Denken  nicht  abstrakt  gelehrt,  sondern  „erfahren“  werden  muss,  wenn  es nachhaltig  und  in  seiner  ganzen  Breite  gefördert  werden  soll.  Dazu  dienen  kognitiv aktivierende Aufgaben. Was man darunter versteht und welche Funktionen und Qualitätsmerkmale Aufgaben in der ökonomischen Bildung besitzen, verdeutlichen wir in den  Abschnitten 1  und 2.  Im  Praxisteil  (Abschnitte 3  bis 8)  werden  konkrete,  unterrichtlich erprobte Beispielaufgaben vorgestellt, mit denen ökonomisches Denken erfolgreich gefördert werden kann. Unser Beitrag schließt mit einer kurzen Skizze wirtschaftsdidaktischer Implikationen (Abschnitt 9).
N2  - In  this  chapter,  we  refer  to  the  American  mathematician  Paul  Halmos’  notion  that economic thinking cannot be taught in an abstract way but has to be “experienced” so that it can be facilitated in a sustainable and broad way. This can be accomplished with cognitively activating tasks. In sections 1 and 2, we define these and explain their functions and quality requirements for economic education. In the practice sections 3 to 8, we  show specific  exemplary  tasks,  which  have  been  successfully  tested  in  classes  tofoster economic thinking. The chapter concludes with implications for economic education.
KW  - Ökonomische Bildung
KW  - kognitive Aktivierung
KW  - Lernaufgaben
KW  - ökonomische Experimente
KW  - Verhaltensökonomie
KW  - Umweltökonomie
KW  - economic education
KW  - cognitive activation
KW  - tasks
KW  - classroom experiments
KW  - behavioral economics
KW  - environmental economics
Y1  - 2022
UR  - https://elibrary.utb.de/doi/book/10.3278/9783763973088
SN  - 978-3-7639-7048-3
SN  - 978-3-7639-7308-8
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3278/9783763973088_25
SP  - 26
EP  - 48
PB  - wbv
CY  - Bielefeld
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rebitschek, Felix G.
A1  - Ellermann, Christin
A1  - Jenny, Mirjam A.
A1  - Siegel, Nico A.
A1  - Spinner, Christian
A1  - Wagner, Gert G.
T1  - Fact boxes that inform individual decisions may contribute to a more positive evaluation of COVID-19 vaccinations at the population level
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - Objective
For an effective control of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with vaccines, most people in a population need to be vaccinated. It is thus important to know how to inform the public with reference to individual preferences–while also acknowledging the societal preference to encourage vaccinations. According to the health care standard of informed decision-making, a comparison of the benefits and harms of (not) having the vaccination would be required to inform undecided and skeptical people. To test evidence-based fact boxes, an established risk communication format, and to inform their development, we investigated their contribution to knowledge and evaluations of COVID-19 vaccines.

Methods
We conducted four studies (1, 2, and 4 were population-wide surveys with N = 1,942 to N = 6,056): Study 1 assessed the relationship between vaccination knowledge and intentions in Germany over three months. Study 2 assessed respective information gaps and needs of the population in Germany. In parallel, an experiment (Study 3) with a mixed design (presentation formats; pre-post-comparison) assessed the effect of fact boxes on risk perceptions and fear, using a convenience sample (N = 719). Study 4 examined how effective two fact box formats are for informing vaccination intentions, with a mixed experimental design: between-subjects (presentation formats) and within-subjects (pre-post-comparison).

Results
Study 1 showed that vaccination knowledge and vaccination intentions increased between November 2020 and February 2021. Study 2 revealed objective information requirements and subjective information needs. Study 3 showed that the fact box format is effective in adjusting risk perceptions concerning COVID-19. Based on those results, fact boxes were revised and implemented with the help of a national health authority in Germany. Study 4 showed that simple fact boxes increase vaccination knowledge and positive evaluations in skeptics and undecideds.

Conclusion
Fact boxes can inform COVID-19 vaccination intentions of undecided and skeptical people without threatening societal vaccination goals of the population
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274186
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 17
IS  - 9
PB  - PLOS
CY  - San Francisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dieterich, Peter
A1  - Lindemann, Otto
A1  - Moskopp, Mats Leif
A1  - Tauzin, Sebastien
A1  - Huttenlocher, Anna
A1  - Klages, Rainer
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei V.
A1  - Schwab, Albrecht
T1  - Anomalous diffusion and asymmetric tempering memory in neutrophil chemotaxis
JF  - PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal
N2  - Neutrophil granulocytes are essential for the first host defense. After leaving the blood circulation they migrate efficiently towards sites of inflammation. They are guided by chemoattractants released from cells within the inflammatory foci. On a cellular level, directional migration is a consequence of cellular front-rear asymmetry which is induced by the concentration gradient of the chemoattractants. The generation and maintenance of this asymmetry, however, is not yet fully understood. Here we analyzed the paths of chemotacting neutrophils with different stochastic models to gain further insight into the underlying mechanisms. Wildtype chemotacting neutrophils show an anomalous superdiffusive behavior. CXCR2 blockade and TRPC6-knockout cause the tempering of temporal correlations and a reduction of chemotaxis. Importantly, such tempering is found both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that the maintenance of anomalous dynamics is crucial for chemotactic behavior and the search efficiency of neutrophils. 
The motility of neutrophils and their ability to sense and to react to chemoattractants in their environment are of central importance for the innate immunity. Neutrophils are guided towards sites of inflammation following the activation of G-protein coupled chemoattractant receptors such as CXCR2 whose signaling strongly depends on the activity of Ca2+ permeable TRPC6 channels. It is the aim of this study to analyze data sets obtained in vitro (murine neutrophils) and in vivo (zebrafish neutrophils) with a stochastic mathematical model to gain deeper insight into the underlying mechanisms. The model is based on the analysis of trajectories of individual neutrophils. Bayesian data analysis, including the covariances of positions for fractional Brownian motion as well as for exponentially and power-law tempered model variants, allows the estimation of parameters and model selection. Our model-based analysis reveals that wildtype neutrophils show pure superdiffusive fractional Brownian motion. This so-called anomalous dynamics is characterized by temporal long-range correlations for the movement into the direction of the chemotactic CXCL1 gradient. Pure superdiffusion is absent vertically to this gradient. This points to an asymmetric 'memory' of the migratory machinery, which is found both in vitro and in vivo. CXCR2 blockade and TRPC6-knockout cause tempering of temporal correlations in the chemotactic gradient. This can be interpreted as a progressive loss of memory, which leads to a marked reduction of chemotaxis and search efficiency of neutrophils. In summary, our findings indicate that spatially differential regulation of anomalous dynamics appears to play a central role in guiding efficient chemotactic behavior.
KW  - neutrophils
KW  - chemotaxis
KW  - autocorrelation
KW  - zebrafish
KW  - cell migration
KW  - covariance
KW  - brownian motion
KW  - stochastic processes
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010089
SN  - 1553-734X
SN  - 1553-7358
VL  - 18
IS  - 5
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Regmi, Shakil
A1  - Bookhagen, Bodo
T1  - The spatial pattern of extreme precipitation from 40 years of gauge data in the central Himalaya
JF  - Weather and climate extremes
N2  - The topography of the Himalaya exerts a substantial control on the spatial distribution of monsoonal rainfall, which is a vital water source for the regional economy and population. But the occurrence of short-lived and high-intensity precipitation results in socio-economic losses. This study relies on 40 years of daily data from 204 ground stations in Nepal to derive extreme precipitation thresholds, amounts, and days at the 95th percentile. We additionally determine the precipitation magnitude-frequency relation. We observe that extreme precipitation amounts follow an almost uniform band parallel to topographic contour lines in the southern Himalaya mountains in central and eastern Nepal but not in western Nepal. The relationship of extreme precipitation indices with topographic relief shows that extreme precipitation thresholds decrease with increasing elevation, but extreme precipitation days increase in higher elevation areas. Furthermore, stations above 1 km elevation exhibit a power-law relation in the rainfall magnitude-frequency framework. Stations at higher elevations generally have lower values of power-law exponents than low elevation areas. This suggests a fundamentally different behaviour of the rainfall distribution and an increased occurrence of extreme rainfall storms in the high elevation areas of Nepal.
KW  - Himalaya
KW  - Nepal
KW  - Indian summer monsoon
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Extreme
KW  - precipitation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2022.100470
SN  - 2212-0947
VL  - 37
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Olimi, Expedito
A1  - Kusstatscher, Peter
A1  - Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi
A1  - Abdelfattah, Ahmed
A1  - Cernava, Tomislav
A1  - Berg, Gabriele
T1  - Insights into the microbiome assembly during different growth stages and storage of strawberry plants
JF  - Environmental microbiome
N2  - Background: Microbiome assembly was identified as an important factor for plant growth and health, but this process is largely unknown, especially for the fruit microbiome. Therefore, we analyzed strawberry plants of two cultivars by focusing on microbiome tracking during the different growth stages and storage using amplicon sequencing, qPCR, and microscopic approaches. <br /> Results: Strawberry plants carried a highly diverse microbiome, therein the bacterial families Sphingomonadaceae (25%), Pseudomonadaceae (17%), and Burkholderiaceae (11%); and the fungal family Mycosphaerella (45%) were most abundant. All compartments were colonized by high number of bacteria and fungi (10(7)-10(10) marker gene copies per g fresh weight), and were characterized by high microbial diversity (6049 and 1501 ASVs); both were higher for the belowground samples than in the phyllosphere. Compartment type was the main driver of microbial diversity, structure, and abundance (bacterial: 45%; fungal: 61%) when compared to the cultivar (1.6%; 2.2%). Microbiome assembly was strongly divided for belowground habitats and the phyllosphere; only a low proportion of the microbiome was transferred from soil via the rhizosphere to the phyllosphere. During fruit development, we observed the highest rates of microbial transfer from leaves and flowers to ripe fruits, where most of the bacteria occured inside the pulp. In postharvest fruits, microbial diversity decreased while the overall abundance increased. Developing postharvest decay caused by Botrytis cinerea decreased the diversity as well, and induced a reduction of potentially beneficial taxa. <br /> Conclusion: Our findings provide insights into microbiome assembly in strawberry plants and highlight the importance of microbe transfer during fruit development and storage with potential implications for food health and safety.
KW  - Fragaria x ananassa
KW  - Microbiome assembly
KW  - Fruit pathogens
KW  - Bacterial
KW  - communities
KW  - Fungal communities
KW  - Amplicon sequencing
KW  - CLSM
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-022-00415-3
SN  - 2524-6372
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
PB  - BMC
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - Nosrat, Sanaz
A1  - Späth, Constantin
A1  - Timme, Sinika
T1  - Using COVID-19 Pandemic as a Prism: A Systematic Review of Methodological Approaches and the Quality of Empirical Studies on Physical Activity Behavior Change
JF  - Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
N2  - Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of scientific endeavors. The goal of this systematic review is to evaluate the quality of the research on physical activity (PA) behavior change and its potential to contribute to policy-making processes in the early days of COVID-19 related restrictions.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of methodological quality of current research according to PRISMA guidelines using Pubmed and Web of Science, of articles on PA behavior change that were published within 365 days after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Items from the JBI checklist and the AXIS tool were used for additional risk of bias assessment. Evidence mapping is used for better visualization of the main results. Conclusions about the significance of published articles are based on hypotheses on PA behavior change in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results: Among the 1,903 identified articles, there were 36% opinion pieces, 53% empirical studies, and 9% reviews. Of the 332 studies included in the systematic review, 213 used self-report measures to recollect prepandemic behavior in often small convenience samples. Most focused changes in PA volume, whereas changes in PA types were rarely measured. The majority had methodological reporting flaws. Few had very large samples with objective measures using repeated measure design (pre and during the pandemic). In addition to the expected decline in PA duration, these studies show that many of those who were active prepandemic, continued to be active during the pandemic.

Conclusions: Research responded quickly at the onset of the pandemic. However, most of the studies lacked robust methodology, and PA behavior change data lacked the accuracy needed to guide policy makers. To improve the field, we propose the implementation of longitudinal cohort studies by larger organizations such as WHO to ease access to data on PA behavior, and suggest those institutions set clear standards for this research. Researchers need to ensure a better fit between the measurement method and the construct being measured, and use both objective and subjective measures where appropriate to complement each other and provide a comprehensive picture of PA behavior.
KW  - meta-science
KW  - exercise
KW  - methods
KW  - quality
KW  - study designs
KW  - standards
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.864468
SN  - 2624-9367
VL  - 4
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Timme, Sinika
A1  - Wolff, Wanja
A1  - Englert, Chris
A1  - Brand, Ralf
T1  - Tracking Self-Control – Task Performance and Pupil Size in a Go/No-Go Inhibition Task
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
N2  - There is an ongoing debate about how to test and operationalize self-control. This limited understanding is in large part due to a variety of different tests and measures used to assess self-control, as well as the lack of empirical studies examining the temporal dynamics during the exertion of self-control. In order to track changes that occur over the course of exposure to a self-control task, we investigate and compare behavioral, subjective, and physiological indicators during the exertion of self-control. Participants completed both a task requiring inhibitory control (Go/No-Go task) and a control task (two-choice task). Behavioral performance and pupil size were measured during the tasks. Subjective vitality was measured before and after the tasks. While pupil size and subjective vitality showed similar trajectories in the two tasks, behavioral performance decreased in the inhibitory control-demanding task, but not in the control task. However, behavioral, subjective, and physiological measures were not significantly correlated. These results suggest that there is a disconnect between different measures of self-control with high intra- and interindividual variability. Theoretical and methodological implications for self-control theory and future empirical work are discussed.
KW  - self-control
KW  - response inhibition
KW  - psychophysiological
KW  - behavioral and self-report measures
KW  - pupil diameter
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.915016
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller, Notger Germar
T1  - Keeping the aging brain healthy through exercise
JF  - Brain Sciences
N2  - The interaction of physical activity and brain function with respect to what we now
call successful aging has been and remains extensively studied. In general, a wealth of
studies indicates that short- and long-term physical activity can induce neuroplasticity
even in the adult brain, can enhance cognitive performance positively and may reduce the
risk of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms
of physical activity on the human central nervous systems are not yet fully understood.
Additionally, what type of exercise might be optimal for keeping the brain fit in old age
and whether imagined as opposed to real exercise has the potential to be effective as well
is not yet clear. In this Special Issue of Brain Sciences, six high-quality articles assess the
mentioned open questions.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060717
SN  - 2076-3425
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wang, Wei
A1  - Cherstvy, Andrey G.
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Sokolov, Igor M.
T1  - Restoring ergodicity of stochastically reset anomalous-diffusion processes
JF  - Physical Review Research
N2  - How do different reset protocols affect ergodicity of a diffusion process in single-particle-tracking experiments? We here address the problem of resetting of an arbitrary stochastic anomalous-diffusion process (ADP) from the general mathematical points of view and assess ergodicity of such reset ADPs for an arbitrary resetting protocol. The process of stochastic resetting describes the events of the instantaneous restart of a particle’s motion via randomly distributed returns to a preset initial position (or a set of those). The waiting times of such resetting events obey the Poissonian, Gamma, or more generic distributions with specified conditions regarding the existence of moments. Within these general approaches, we derive general analytical results and support them by computer simulations for the behavior of the reset mean-squared displacement (MSD), the new reset increment-MSD (iMSD), and the mean reset time-averaged MSD (TAMSD). For parental nonreset ADPs with the MSD(t)∝ tμ we find a generic behavior and a switch of the short-time growth of the reset iMSD and mean reset TAMSDs from ∝ _μ for subdiffusive to ∝ _1 for superdiffusive reset ADPs. The critical condition for a reset ADP that recovers its ergodicity is found to be more general than that for the nonequilibrium stationary state, where obviously the iMSD and the mean TAMSD are equal. The consideration of the new statistical quantifier, the iMSD—as compared to the standard MSD—restores the ergodicity of an arbitrary reset ADP in all situations when the μth moment of the waiting-time distribution of resetting events is finite. Potential applications of these new resetting results are, inter alia, in the area of biophysical and soft-matter systems.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.013161
SN  - 2643-1564
VL  - 4
SP  - 013161-1
EP  - 013161-13
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park, Maryland, United States
ET  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Omel'chenko, Oleh
A1  - Tél, Tamás
T1  - Focusing on transient chaos
JF  - Journal of Physics: Complexity
N2  - Recent advances in the field of complex, transiently chaotic dynamics are reviewed, based on the results published in the focus issue of J. Phys. Complex. on this topic. One group of achievements concerns network dynamics where transient features are intimately related to the degree and stability of synchronization, as well as to the network topology. A plethora of various applications of transient chaos are described, ranging from the collective motion of active particles, through the operation of power grids, cardiac arrhythmias, and magnetohydrodynamical dynamos, to the use of machine learning to predict time evolutions. Nontraditional forms of transient chaos are also explored, such as the temporal change of the chaoticity in the transients (called doubly transient chaos), as well as transients in systems subjected to parameter drift, the paradigm of which is climate change.
KW  - transient chaos
KW  - network dynamics
KW  - applications
KW  - doubly transient chaos
KW  - systems subjected to parameter drift
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-072X/ac5566
SN  - 2632-072X
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Xu, Pengbo
A1  - Zhou, Tian
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Deng, Weihua
T1  - Stochastic harmonic trapping of a Lévy walk
BT  - transport and first-passage dynamics under soft resetting strategies
JF  - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics / Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft ; IOP, Institute of Physics
N2  - We introduce and study a Lévy walk (LW) model of particle spreading with a finite propagation speed combined with soft resets, stochastically occurring periods in which an harmonic external potential is switched on and forces the particle towards a specific position. Soft resets avoid instantaneous relocation of particles that in certain physical settings may be considered unphysical. Moreover, soft resets do not have a specific resetting point but lead the particle towards a resetting point by a restoring Hookean force. Depending on the exact choice for the LW waiting time density and the probability density of the periods when the harmonic potential is switched on, we demonstrate a rich emerging response behaviour including ballistic motion and superdiffusion. When the confinement periods of the soft-reset events are dominant, we observe a particle localisation with an associated non-equilibrium steady state. In this case the stationary particle probability density function turns out to acquire multimodal states. Our derivations are based on Markov chain ideas and LWs with multiple internal states, an approach that may be useful and flexible for the investigation of other generalised random walks with soft and hard resets. The spreading efficiency of soft-rest LWs is characterised by the first-passage time statistic.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - anomalous diffusion
KW  - stochastic resetting
KW  - Levy walks
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac5282
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
SP  - 1
EP  - 28
PB  - Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft
CY  - Bad Honnef
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abramova, Olga
A1  - Batzel, Katharina
A1  - Modesti, Daniela
T1  - Collective response to the health crisis among German Twitter users
BT  - a structural topic modeling approach
JF  - International Journal of Information Management Data Insights
N2  - We used structural topic modeling to analyze over 800,000 German tweets about COVID-19 to answer the questions: What patterns emerge in tweets as a response to a health crisis? And how do topics discussed change over time? The study leans on the goals associated with the health information seeking (GAINS) model, discerning whether a post aims at tackling and eliminating the problem (i.e., problem-focused) or managing the emotions (i.e., emotion-focused); whether it strives to maximize positive outcomes (promotion focus) or to minimize negative outcomes (prevention focus). The findings indicate four clusters salient in public reactions: 1) “Understanding” (problem-promotion); 2) “Action planning” (problem-prevention); 3) “Hope” (emotion-promotion) and 4) “Reassurance” (emotion-prevention). Public communication is volatile over time, and a shift is evidenced from self-centered to community-centered topics within 4.5 weeks. Our study illustrates social media text mining's potential to quickly and efficiently extract public opinions and reactions. Monitoring fears and trending topics enable policymakers to rapidly respond to deviant behavior, like resistive attitudes toward containment measures or deteriorating physical health. Healthcare workers can use the insights to provide mental health services for battling anxiety or extensive loneliness from staying home.
KW  - social media
KW  - Twitter
KW  - modeling
KW  - regulatory focus theory
KW  - crisis management
KW  - text mining
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2022.100126
SN  - 2667-0968
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kosman, Admiʾel
T1  - Martin Buber als Lehrer für das Judentum unserer Generation
JF  - Blickpunkt.e : Materialien zu Christentum, Judentum, Israel und Nahost
Y1  - 2022
UR  - http://www.imdialog.org/bp2022/03/kosmann_buber.pdf
IS  - 3
SP  - 16
EP  - 18
PB  - ImDialog
CY  - Darmstadt
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fujihara, Kenji M.
A1  - Zhang, Bonnie Z.
A1  - Jackson, Thomas D.
A1  - Ogunkola, Moses
A1  - Nijagal, Brunda
A1  - Milne, Julia V.
A1  - Sallman, David A.
A1  - Ang, Ching-Seng
A1  - Nikolic, Iva
A1  - Kearney, Conor J.
A1  - Hogg, Simon J.
A1  - Cabalag, Carlos S.
A1  - Sutton, Vivien R.
A1  - Watt, Sally
A1  - Fujihara, Asuka T.
A1  - Trapani, Joseph A.
A1  - Simpson, Kaylene J.
A1  - Stojanovski, Diana
A1  - Leimkühler, Silke
A1  - Haupt, Sue
A1  - Phillips, Wayne A.
A1  - Clemons, Nicholas J.
T1  - Eprenetapopt triggers ferroptosis, inhibits NFS1 cysteine desulfurase, and synergizes with serine and glycine dietary restriction
JF  - Science Advances
N2  - The mechanism of action of eprenetapopt (APR-246, PRIMA-1MET) as an anticancer agent remains unresolved, al-though the clinical development of eprenetapopt focuses on its reported mechanism of action as a mutant-p53 reactivator. Using unbiased approaches, this study demonstrates that eprenetapopt depletes cellular antioxidant glutathione levels by increasing its turnover, triggering a nonapoptotic, iron-dependent form of cell death known as ferroptosis. Deficiency in genes responsible for supplying cancer cells with the substrates for de novo glutathione synthesis (SLC7A11, SHMT2, and MTHFD1L), as well as the enzymes required to synthesize glutathione (GCLC and GCLM), augments the activity of eprenetapopt. Eprenetapopt also inhibits iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis by limit-ing the cysteine desulfurase activity of NFS1, which potentiates ferroptosis and may restrict cellular proliferation. The combination of eprenetapopt with dietary serine and glycine restriction synergizes to inhibit esophageal xenograft tumor growth. These findings reframe the canonical view of eprenetapopt from a mutant-p53 reactivator to a ferroptosis inducer.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm9427
SN  - 2375-2548
VL  - 8
IS  - 37
PB  - American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Franz, Gerhard
A1  - Sudo, Masafumi
A1  - Khomenko, Vladimir
T1  - 40Ar/39Ar dating of a hydrothermal pegmatitic buddingtonite–muscovite assemblage from Volyn, Ukraine
JF  - European journal of mineralogy : EJM : an international journal on mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, and related sciences
N2  - We determined Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of buddingtonite, occurring together with muscovite, with the laser-ablation method. This is the first attempt to date the NH4-feldspar buddingtonite, which is typical for sedimentary-diagenetic environments of sediments, rich in organic matter, or in hydrothermal environments, associated with volcanic geyser systems. The sample is a hydrothermal breccia, coming from the Paleoproterozoic pegmatite field of the Korosten Plutonic Complex, Volyn, Ukraine. A detailed characterization by optical methods, electron microprobe analyses, backscattered electron imaging, and IR analyses showed that the buddingtonite consists of euhedral-appearing platy crystals of tens of micrometers wide, 100 or more micrometers in length, which consist of fine-grained fibers of <= 1 mu m thickness. The crystals are sector and growth zoned in terms of K-NH4-H3O content. The content of K allows for an age determination with the Ar-40/Ar-39 method, as well as in the accompanying muscovite, intimately intergrown with the buddingtonite. The determinations on muscovite yielded an age of 1491 +/- 9 Ma, interpreted as the hydrothermal event forming the breccia. However, buddingtonite apparent ages yielded a range of 563 +/- 14 Ma down to 383 +/- 12 Ma, which are interpreted as reset ages due to Ar loss of the fibrous buddingtonite crystals during later heating. We conclude that buddingtonite is suited for Ar-40/Ar-39 age determinations as a supplementary method, together with other methods and minerals; however, it requires a detailed mineralogical characterization, and the ages will likely represent minimum ages.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-7-2022
SN  - 0935-1221
SN  - 1617-4011
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
SP  - 7
EP  - 18
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Giraudier, Manon
A1  - Ventura-Bort, Carlos
A1  - Wendt, Julia
A1  - Lischke, Alexander
A1  - Weymar, Mathias
T1  - Memory advantage for untrustworthy faces: Replication across lab- and web-based studies
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - The Covid-19 pandemic imposed new constraints on empirical research and forced researchers to transfer from traditional laboratory research to the online environment. This study tested the validity of a web-based episodic memory paradigm by comparing participants’ memory performance for trustworthy and untrustworthy facial stimuli in a supervised laboratory setting and an unsupervised web setting. Consistent with previous results, we observed enhanced episodic memory for untrustworthy compared to trustworthy faces. Most importantly, this memory bias was comparable in the online and the laboratory experiment, suggesting that web-based procedures are a promising tool for memory research.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264034
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 17
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - PLoS ONE
CY  - San Francisco, California, US
ET  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Giraudier, Manon
A1  - Ventura-Bort, Carlos
A1  - Burger, Andreas M.
A1  - Claes, Nathalie
A1  - D'Agostini, Martina
A1  - Fischer, Rico
A1  - Franssen, Mathijs
A1  - Kaess, Michael
A1  - Koenig, Julian
A1  - Liepelt, Roman
A1  - Nieuwenhuis, Sander
A1  - Sommer, Aldo
A1  - Usichenko, Taras
A1  - Van Diest, Ilse
A1  - von Leupoldt, Andreas
A1  - Warren, Christopher Michael
A1  - Weymar, Mathias
T1  - Evidence for a modulating effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on salivary alpha-amylase as indirect noradrenergic marker: A pooled mega-analysis
JF  - Brain Stimulation
N2  - Background
Non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has received tremendous attention as a potential neuromodulator of cognitive and affective functions, which likely exerts its effects via activation of the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system. Reliable effects of taVNS on markers of LC-NA system activity, however, have not been demonstrated yet.

Methods
The aim of the present study was to overcome previous limitations by pooling raw data from a large sample of ten taVNS studies (371 healthy participants) that collected salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as a potential marker of central NA release.

Results
While a meta-analytic approach using summary statistics did not yield any significant effects, linear mixed model analyses showed that afferent stimulation of the vagus nerve via taVNS increased sAA levels compared to sham stimulation (b = 0.16, SE = 0.05, p = 0.001). When considering potential confounders of sAA, we further replicated previous findings on the diurnal trajectory of sAA activity.

Conclusion(s)
Vagal activation via taVNS increases sAA release compared to sham stimulation, which likely substantiates the assumption that taVNS triggers NA release. Moreover, our results highlight the benefits of data pooling and data sharing in order to allow stronger conclusions in research.
KW  - Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation
KW  - tVNS
KW  - sAA
KW  - Noradrenaline
KW  - Biomarker
KW  - Data pooling
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2022.09.009
SN  - 1876-4754
VL  - 15
SP  - 1378
EP  - 1388
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York, NY, USA
ET  - 6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rockström, Johan
T1  - Speeding up state-of-the-art assessments on global sustainability
BT  - introducing the Cambridge Sustainability Commissions
JF  - Global sustainability
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/sus.2022.1
SN  - 2059-4798
VL  - 5
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mumm, Rebekka
A1  - Scheffler, Christiane
A1  - Hermanussen, Michael
T1  - Locally structured correlation (LSC) plots describe inhomogeneity in normally distributed correlated bivariate variables
JF  - Archives of Public Health
N2  - Background
The association between bivariate variables may not necessarily be homogeneous throughout the whole range of the variables. We present a new technique to describe inhomogeneity in the association of bivariate variables.

Methods
We consider the correlation of two normally distributed random variables. The 45° diagonal through the origin of coordinates represents the line on which all points would lie if the two variables completely agreed. If the two variables do not completely agree, the points will scatter on both sides of the diagonal and form a cloud. In case of a high association between the variables, the band width of this cloud will be narrow, in case of a low association, the band width will be wide. The band width directly relates to the magnitude of the correlation coefficient. We then determine the Euclidean distances between the diagonal and each point of the bivariate correlation, and rotate the coordinate system clockwise by 45°. The standard deviation of all Euclidean distances, named “global standard deviation”, reflects the band width of all points along the former diagonal. Calculating moving averages of the standard deviation along the former diagonal results in “locally structured standard deviations” and reflect patterns of “locally structured correlations (LSC)”. LSC highlight inhomogeneity of bivariate correlations. We exemplify this technique by analyzing the association between body mass index (BMI) and hip circumference (HC) in 6313 healthy East German adults aged 18 to 70 years.

Results
The correlation between BMI and HC in healthy adults is not homogeneous. LSC is able to identify regions where the predictive power of the bivariate correlation between BMI and HC increases or decreases, and highlights in our example that slim people have a higher association between BMI and HC than obese people.

Conclusion
Locally structured correlations (LSC) identify regions of higher or lower than average correlation between two normally distributed variables.
KW  - Standard deviation
KW  - Locally structured standard deviation
KW  - Locally structured correlation
KW  - Variance
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00748-4
SN  - 0778-7367
SN  - 2049-3258
VL  - 80
PB  - Springer Nature BMC
CY  - Bruxelles
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mumm, Rebekka
A1  - Scheffler, Christiane
A1  - Hermanussen, Michael
T1  - Locally structured correlation (LSC) plots describe inhomogeneity in normally distributed correlated bivariate variables
JF  - Archives of public health = Archives belges de santé publique = Belgisch archief voor volksgezondheid
N2  - Background
The association between bivariate variables may not necessarily be homogeneous throughout the whole range of the variables. We present a new technique to describe inhomogeneity in the association of bivariate variables. 

Methods
We consider the correlation of two normally distributed random variables. The 45 degrees diagonal through the origin of coordinates represents the line on which all points would lie if the two variables completely agreed. If the two variables do not completely agree, the points will scatter on both sides of the diagonal and form a cloud. In case of a high association between the variables, the band width of this cloud will be narrow, in case of a low association, the band width will be wide. The band width directly relates to the magnitude of the correlation coefficient. We then determine the Euclidean distances between the diagonal and each point of the bivariate correlation, and rotate the coordinate system clockwise by 45 degrees. The standard deviation of all Euclidean distances, named "global standard deviation", reflects the band width of all points along the former diagonal. Calculating moving averages of the standard deviation along the former diagonal results in "locally structured standard deviations" and reflect patterns of "locally structured correlations (LSC)". LSC highlight inhomogeneity of bivariate correlations. We exemplify this technique by analyzing the association between body mass index (BMI) and hip circumference (HC) in 6313 healthy East German adults aged 18 to 70 years. 

Results
The correlation between BMI and HC in healthy adults is not homogeneous. LSC is able to identify regions where the predictive power of the bivariate correlation between BMI and HC increases or decreases, and highlights in our example that slim people have a higher association between BMI and HC than obese people.

Conclusion
Locally structured correlations (LSC) identify regions of higher or lower than average correlation between two normally distributed variables.
KW  - Standard deviation
KW  - Locally structured standard deviation
KW  - Locally
KW  - structured correlation
KW  - Variance
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00748-4
SN  - 0778-7367
SN  - 2049-3258
VL  - 80
IS  - 1
PB  - BMC
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gellner, Anne-Kathrin
A1  - Sitter, Aileen
A1  - Rackiewicz, Michal
A1  - Sylvester, Marc
A1  - Philipsen, Alexandra
A1  - Zimmer, Andreas
A1  - Stein, Valentin
T1  - Stress vulnerability shapes disruption of motor cortical neuroplasticity
JF  - Translational Psychiatry
N2  - Chronic stress is a major cause of neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression. Stress vulnerability varies individually in mice and humans, measured by behavioral changes. In contrast to affective symptoms, motor retardation as a consequence of stress is not well understood. We repeatedly imaged dendritic spines of the motor cortex in Thy1-GFP M mice before and after chronic social defeat stress. Susceptible and resilient phenotypes were discriminated by symptom load and their motor learning abilities were assessed by a gross and fine motor task. Stress phenotypes presented individual short- and long-term changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as well as distinct patterns of altered motor learning. Importantly, stress was generally accompanied by a marked reduction of spine density in the motor cortex and spine dynamics depended on the stress phenotype. We found astrogliosis and altered microglia morphology along with increased microglia-neuron interaction in the motor cortex of susceptible mice. In cerebrospinal fluid, proteomic fingerprints link the behavioral changes and structural alterations in the brain to neurodegenerative disorders and dysregulated synaptic homeostasis. Our work emphasizes the importance of synaptic integrity and the risk of neurodegeneration within depression as a threat to brain health.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-01855-8
SN  - 2158-3188
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Guggenberger, Tobias
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Absence of stationary states and non-Boltzmann distributions of fractional Brownian motion in shallow external potentials
JF  - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics
N2  - We study the diffusive motion of a particle in a subharmonic potential of the form U(x) = |x|( c ) (0 < c < 2) driven by long-range correlated, stationary fractional Gaussian noise xi ( alpha )(t) with 0 < alpha <= 2. In the absence of the potential the particle exhibits free fractional Brownian motion with anomalous diffusion exponent alpha. While for an harmonic external potential the dynamics converges to a Gaussian stationary state, from extensive numerical analysis we here demonstrate that stationary states for shallower than harmonic potentials exist only as long as the relation c > 2(1 - 1/alpha) holds. We analyse the motion in terms of the mean squared displacement and (when it exists) the stationary probability density function. Moreover we discuss analogies of non-stationarity of Levy flights in shallow external potentials.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - Boltzmann distribution
KW  - fractional Brownian motion
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac7b3c
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 24
IS  - 7
PB  - Dt. Physikalische Ges.
CY  - [Bad Honnef]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Omarova, Zhansaya
A1  - Yerezhep, Darkhan
A1  - Aldiyarov, Abdurakhman
A1  - Tokmoldin, Nurlan
T1  - In Silico Investigation of the Impact of Hole-Transport Layers on the Performance of CH3NH3SnI3 Perovskite Photovoltaic Cells
JF  - Crystals
N2  - Perovskite solar cells represent one of the recent success stories in photovoltaics. The device efficiency has been steadily increasing over the past years, but further work is needed to enhance the performance, for example, through the reduction of defects to prevent carrier recombination. SCAPS-1D simulations were performed to assess efficiency limits and identify approaches to decrease the impact of defects, through the selection of an optimal hole-transport material and a hole-collecting electrode. Particular attention was given to evaluation of the influence of bulk defects within light-absorbing CH3NH3SnI3 layers. In addition, the study demonstrates the influence of interface defects at the TiO2/CH3NH3SnI3 (IL1) and CH3NH3SnI3/HTL (IL2) interfaces across the similar range of defect densities. Finally, the optimal device architecture TiO2/CH3NH3SnI3/Cu2O is proposed for the given absorber layer using the readily available Cu2O hole-transporting material with PCE = 27.95%, FF = 84.05%, V-OC = 1.02 V and J(SC) = 32.60 mA/cm(2), providing optimal performance and enhanced resistance to defects.
KW  - perovskite solar cells
KW  - CH3NH3SnI3
KW  - SCAPS-1D
KW  - modeling
KW  - HTL
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050699
SN  - 2073-4352
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bergholz, Kolja
A1  - Sittel, Lara-Pauline
A1  - Ristow, Michael
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
A1  - Weiss, Lina
T1  - Pollinator guilds respond contrastingly at different scales to landscape parameters of land-use intensity
JF  - Ecology and evolution
N2  - Land-use intensification is the main factor for the catastrophic decline of insect pollinators. However, land-use intensification includes multiple processes that act across various scales and should affect pollinator guilds differently depending on their ecology. We aimed to reveal how two main pollinator guilds, wild bees and hoverflies, respond to different land-use intensification measures, that is, arable field cover (AFC), landscape heterogeneity (LH), and functional flower composition of local plant communities as a measure of habitat quality. We sampled wild bees and hoverflies on 22 dry grassland sites within a highly intensified landscape (NE Germany) within three campaigns using pan traps. We estimated AFC and LH on consecutive radii (60-3000 m) around the dry grassland sites and estimated the local functional flower composition. Wild bee species richness and abundance was positively affected by LH and negatively by AFC at small scales (140-400 m). In contrast, hoverflies were positively affected by AFC and negatively by LH at larger scales (500-3000 m), where both landscape parameters were negatively correlated to each other. At small spatial scales, though, LH had a positive effect on hoverfly abundance. Functional flower diversity had no positive effect on pollinators, but conspicuous flowers seem to attract abundance of hoverflies. In conclusion, landscape parameters contrarily affect two pollinator guilds at different scales. The correlation of landscape parameters may influence the observed relationships between landscape parameters and pollinators. Hence, effects of land-use intensification seem to be highly landscape-specific.
KW  - hoverflies
KW  - landscape homogenization
KW  - plant functional trait
KW  - syrphids
KW  - wild bees
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8708
SN  - 2045-7758
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bergholz, Kolja
A1  - Sittel, Lara-Pauline
A1  - Ristow, Michael
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
A1  - Weiß, Lina
T1  - Pollinator guilds respond contrastingly at different scales to landscape parameters of land-use intensity
JF  - Ecology and Evolution
N2  - Land-use intensification is the main factor for the catastrophic decline of insect pollinators. However, land-use intensification includes multiple processes that act across various scales and should affect pollinator guilds differently depending on their ecology. We aimed to reveal how two main pollinator guilds, wild bees and hoverflies, respond to different land-use intensification measures, that is, arable field cover (AFC), landscape heterogeneity (LH), and functional flower composition of local plant communities as a measure of habitat quality. We sampled wild bees and hoverflies on 22 dry grassland sites within a highly intensified landscape (NE Germany) within three campaigns using pan traps. We estimated AFC and LH on consecutive radii (60–3000 m) around the dry grassland sites and estimated the local functional flower composition. Wild bee species richness and abundance was positively affected by LH and negatively by AFC at small scales (140–400 m). In contrast, hoverflies were positively affected by AFC and negatively by LH at larger scales (500–3000 m), where both landscape parameters were negatively correlated to each other. At small spatial scales, though, LH had a positive effect on hoverfly abundance. Functional flower diversity had no positive effect on pollinators, but conspicuous flowers seem to attract abundance of hoverflies. In conclusion, landscape parameters contrarily affect two pollinator guilds at different scales. The correlation of landscape parameters may influence the observed relationships between landscape parameters and pollinators. Hence, effects of land-use intensification seem to be highly landscape-specific.
KW  - hoverflies
KW  - landscape homogenization
KW  - plant functional trait
KW  - syrphids
KW  - wild bees
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8708
SN  - 2045-7758
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - Hoboken (New Jersey)
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eccard, Jana
A1  - Herde, Antje
A1  - Schuster, Andrea C.
A1  - Liesenjohann, Thilo
A1  - Knopp, Tatjana
A1  - Heckel, Gerald
A1  - Dammhahn, Melanie
T1  - Fitness, risk taking, and spatial behavior covary with boldness in experimental vole populations
JF  - Ecology And Evolution
N2  - Individuals of a population may vary along a pace-of-life syndrome from highly fecund, short-lived, bold, dispersive “fast” types at one end of the spectrum to less fecund, long-lived, shy, plastic “slow” types at the other end. Risk-taking behavior might mediate the underlying life history trade-off, but empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is still ambiguous. Using experimentally created populations of common voles (Microtus arvalis)—a species with distinct seasonal life history trajectories—we aimed to test whether individual differences in boldness behavior covary with risk taking, space use, and fitness. We quantified risk taking, space use (via automated tracking), survival, and reproductive success (via genetic parentage analysis) in 8 to 14 experimental, mixed-sex populations of 113 common voles of known boldness type in large grassland enclosures over a significant part of their adult life span and two reproductive events. Populations were assorted to contain extreme boldness types (bold or shy) of both sexes. Bolder individuals took more risks than shyer ones, which did not affect survival. Bolder males but not females produced more offspring than shy conspecifics. Daily home range and core area sizes, based on 95% and 50% Kernel density estimates (20 ± 10 per individual, n = 54 individuals), were highly repeatable over time. Individual space use unfolded differently for sex-boldness type combinations over the course of the experiment. While day ranges decreased for shy females, they increased for bold females and all males. Space use trajectories may, hence, indicate differences in coping styles when confronted with a novel social and physical environment. Thus, interindividual differences in boldness predict risk taking under near-natural conditions and have consequences for fitness in males, which have a higher reproductive potential than females. Given extreme inter- and intra-annual fluctuations in population density in the study species and its short life span, density-dependent fluctuating selection operating differently on the sexes might maintain (co)variation in boldness, risk taking, and pace-of-life.
KW  - animal personality
KW  - automated radio telemetry
KW  - behavioral type
KW  - fitness
KW  - home range
KW  - Microtus arvalis
KW  - parentage
KW  - reproductive success
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8521
SN  - 2045-7758
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - Vereinigte Staaten
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, Julia
A1  - Hölker, Franz
A1  - Eccard, Jana
T1  - Welcome to the Dark Side
BT  - Partial Nighttime Illumination Affects Night-and Daytime Foraging Behavior of a Small Mammal
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2  - Differences in natural light conditions caused by changes in moonlight are known to affect perceived predation risk in many nocturnal prey species. As artificial light at night (ALAN) is steadily increasing in space and intensity, it has the potential to change movement and foraging behavior of many species as it might increase perceived predation risk and mask natural light cycles. We investigated if partial nighttime illumination leads to changes in foraging behavior during the night and the subsequent day in a small mammal and whether these changes are related to animal personalities. We subjected bank voles to partial nighttime illumination in a foraging landscape under laboratory conditions and in large grassland enclosures under near natural conditions. We measured giving-up density of food in illuminated and dark artificial seed patches and video recorded the movement of animals. While animals reduced number of visits to illuminated seed patches at night, they increased visits to these patches at the following day compared to dark seed patches. Overall, bold individuals had lower giving-up densities than shy individuals but this difference increased at day in formerly illuminated seed patches. Small mammals thus showed carry-over effects on daytime foraging behavior due to ALAN, i.e., nocturnal illumination has the potential to affect intra- and interspecific interactions during both night and day with possible changes in personality structure within populations and altered predator-prey dynamics.
KW  - light pollution
KW  - inter-individual differences
KW  - animal personality
KW  - Myodes glareolus
KW  - ALAN
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.779825
SN  - 2296-701X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fournier, Bertrand
A1  - Steiner, Magdalena
A1  - Brochet, Xavier
A1  - Degrune, Florine
A1  - Mammeri, Jibril
A1  - Carvalho, Diogo Leite
A1  - Siliceo, Sara Leal
A1  - Bacher, Sven
A1  - Peña-Reyes, Carlos Andrés
A1  - Heger, Thierry Jean
T1  - Toward the use of protists as bioindicators of multiple stresses in agricultural soils
BT  - a case study in vineyard ecosystems
JF  - Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management
N2  - Management of agricultural soil quality requires fast and cost-efficient methods to identify multiple stressors that can affect soil organisms and associated ecological processes. Here, we propose to use soil protists which have a great yet poorly explored potential for bioindication. They are ubiquitous, highly diverse, and respond to various stresses to agricultural soils caused by frequent management or environmental changes. We test an approach that combines metabarcoding data and machine learning algorithms to identify potential stressors of soil protist community composition and diversity. We measured 17 key variables that reflect various potential stresses on soil protists across 132 plots in 28 Swiss vineyards over 2 years. We identified the taxa showing strong responses to the selected soil variables (potential bioindicator taxa) and tested for their predictive power. Changes in protist taxa occurrence and, to a lesser extent, diversity metrics exhibited great predictive power for the considered soil variables. Soil copper concentration, moisture, pH, and basal respiration were the best predicted soil variables, suggesting that protists are particularly responsive to stresses caused by these variables. The most responsive taxa were found within the clades Rhizaria and Alveolata. Our results also reveal that a majority of the potential bioindicators identified in this study can be used across years, in different regions and across different grape varieties. Altogether, soil protist metabarcoding data combined with machine learning can help identifying specific abiotic stresses on microbial communities caused by agricultural management. Such an approach provides complementary information to existing soil monitoring tools that can help manage the impact of agricultural practices on soil biodiversity and quality.
KW  - Biomonitoring
KW  - Machine learning
KW  - Predictive model
KW  - Soil function
KW  - Soil
KW  - quality
KW  - Microbial ecology
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108955
SN  - 1470-160X
SN  - 1872-7034
VL  - 139
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ristow, Michael
A1  - Panitsa, Maria
A1  - Meyer, Stefan
A1  - Bergmeier, Erwin
T1  - Factors of detection deficits in vascular plant inventories - an island case study
JF  - Diversity
N2  - The degree of completeness of large-scale floristic inventories is often difficult to judge. We compared prior vascular plant species inventories of the Mediterranean island of Limnos (North Aegean, Greece) with 231 recent records from 2016-2021. Together with the recent records, the known number of vascular plant species on the island is 960 native taxa, 63 established neophytes, and 27 species of as yet casual status for a total of 1050 taxa. We looked at a number of traits (plant family, size, flower color, perceptibility, habitat, reproduction period, rarity, and status) to investigate whether they were overrepresented in the dataset of the newly found taxa. Overrepresentation was found in some plant families (e.g., Poaceae and Chenopodiaceae) and for traits such as hydrophytic life form, unobtrusive flower color, coastal as well as agricultural and ruderal habitats, and late (summer/autumn) reproduction period. Apart from the well-known fact of esthetic bias, we found evidence for ecological and perceptibility biases. Plant species inventories based on prior piecemeal collated data should focus on regionally specific species groups and underrepresented and rare habitats.
KW  - Aegean flora
KW  - floristic survey
KW  - Mediterranean island
KW  - perceptibility
KW  - habitat
KW  - plant traits
KW  - rarity
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/d14040303
SN  - 1424-2818
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Figueroa Campos, Gustavo Adolfo
A1  - G. K. T. Kruizenga, Johannes
A1  - Sagu Tchewonpi, Sorel
A1  - Schwarz, Steffen
A1  - Homann, Thomas
A1  - Taubert, Andreas
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
T1  - Effect of the post-harvest processing on protein modification in green coffee beans by phenolic compounds
JF  - Foods : open access journal
N2  - The protein fraction, important for coffee cup quality, is modified during post-harvest treatment prior to roasting. Proteins may interact with phenolic compounds, which constitute the major metabolites of coffee, where the processing affects these interactions. This allows the hypothesis that the proteins are denatured and modified via enzymatic and/or redox activation steps. The present study was initiated to encompass changes in the protein fraction. The investigations were limited to major storage protein of green coffee beans. Fourteen Coffea arabica samples from various processing methods and countries were used. Different extraction protocols were compared to maintain the status quo of the protein modification. The extracts contained about 4–8 µg of chlorogenic acid derivatives per mg of extracted protein. High-resolution chromatography with multiple reaction monitoring was used to detect lysine modifications in the coffee protein. Marker peptides were allocated for the storage protein of the coffee beans. Among these, the modified peptides K.FFLANGPQQGGK.E and R.LGGK.T of the α-chain and R.ITTVNSQK.I and K.VFDDEVK.Q of β-chain were detected. Results showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) of modified peptides from wet processed green beans as compared to the dry ones. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the influence of the different processing methods on protein quality and its role in the scope of coffee cup quality and aroma. View Full-Text
KW  - Arabica coffee
KW  - coffee processing
KW  - protein modification
KW  - bound phenolic compounds
KW  - peptide biomarkers
KW  - LC-MS/MS
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11020159
SN  - 2304-8158
VL  - 11
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behrens, Karsten
A1  - Balischewski, Christian
A1  - Sperlich, Eric
A1  - Menski, Antonia Isabell
A1  - Balderas-Valadez, Ruth Fabiola
A1  - Pacholski, Claudia
A1  - Günter, Christina
A1  - Lubahn, Susanne
A1  - Kelling, Alexandra
A1  - Taubert, Andreas
T1  - Mixed chloridometallate(ii) ionic liquids with tunable color and optical response for potential ammonia sensors
JF  - RSC Advances
N2  - Eight d-metal-containing N-butylpyridinium ionic liquids (ILs) with the nominal composition (C4Py)2[Ni0.5M0.5Cl4] or (C4Py)2[Zn0.5M0.5Cl4] (M = Cu, Co, Mn, Ni, Zn; C4Py = N-butylpyridinium) were synthesized, characterized, and investigated for their optical properties. Single crystal and powder X-ray analysis shows that the compounds are isostructural to existing examples based on other d-metal ions. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy measurements confirm that the metal/metal ratio is around 50 : 50. UV-Vis spectroscopy shows that the optical absorption can be tuned by selection of the constituent metals. Moreover, the compounds can act as an optical sensor for the detection of gases such as ammonia as demonstrated via a simple prototype setup.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ra05581c
SN  - 2046-2069
VL  - 12
SP  - 35072
EP  - 35082
PB  - RSC
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bögelein, Nicole
A1  - Eppert, Kerstin
A1  - Roth, Viktoria
A1  - Schmidt-Kleinert, Anja
T1  - Courtroom ethnography in the context of terrorism
BT  - a multi-level approach
JF  - International journal of qualitative methods : IJQM
N2  - This paper addresses terrorism trials as sites of research and proposes an approach for the analysis of ethnographic data collected during these trials. The suggested approach offers multi-level analytical access, it centers around interactionist conceptions and knowledge discourses. The conceptual framework we suggest is spelled out in terms of how to observe and being sensitive of (re-)production of power structures inside the courtroom as well as in regard to relations imported into the courtroom. For this purpose, we integrate (i) the micro-level of courtroom interactions and (ii) (self-)presentation, (iii) the meso-level of knowledge (re)production and the establishment of knowledge orders and (iv) an intersectional perspective on gender, race, and class in knowledge discourses. By applying a multi-level approach, we open up new explanatory avenues to understand the constitution of terrorism as a socio-legal object. The methodical framework connects hitherto unconnected elements, that is, participants' interactions and negotiation, their (self-)representations, ascriptions and narrative performances, and knowledge (re-)production in order to establish or maintain political and social orders.
KW  - trials
KW  - terrorism
KW  - radicalisation
KW  - extremism
KW  - courtroom
KW  - ethnography;
KW  - methodology
KW  - interactionist
KW  - knowledge discourse
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069221090059
SN  - 1609-4069
VL  - 21
PB  - Sage Publishing
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Omolaoye, Temidayo S.
A1  - Omolaoye, Victor Adelakun
A1  - Kandasamy, Richard K.
A1  - Hachim, Mahmood Yaseen
A1  - Du Plessis, Stefan S.
T1  - Omics and male infertility
BT  - highlighting the application of transcriptomic data
JF  - Life : open access journal
N2  - Male infertility is a multifaceted disorder affecting approximately 50% of male partners in infertile couples. 
Over the years, male infertility has been diagnosed mainly through semen analysis, hormone evaluations, medical records and physical examinations, which of course are fundamental, but yet inefficient, because 30% of male infertility cases remain idiopathic. This dilemmatic status of the unknown needs to be addressed with more sophisticated and result-driven technologies and/or techniques. 
Genetic alterations have been linked with male infertility, thereby unveiling the practicality of investigating this disorder from the "omics" perspective. 
Omics aims at analyzing the structure and functions of a whole constituent of a given biological function at different levels, including the molecular gene level (genomics), transcript level (transcriptomics), protein level (proteomics) and metabolites level (metabolomics). In the current study, an overview of the four branches of omics and their roles in male infertility are briefly discussed; the potential usefulness of assessing transcriptomic data to understand this pathology is also elucidated. 
After assessing the publicly obtainable transcriptomic data for datasets on male infertility, a total of 1385 datasets were retrieved, of which 10 datasets met the inclusion criteria and were used for further analysis. 
These datasets were classified into groups according to the disease or cause of male infertility. 
The groups include non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), obstructive azoospermia (OA), non-obstructive and obstructive azoospermia (NOA and OA), spermatogenic dysfunction, sperm dysfunction, and Y chromosome microdeletion. 
Findings revealed that 8 genes (LDHC, PDHA2, TNP1, TNP2, ODF1, ODF2, SPINK2, PCDHB3) were commonly differentially expressed between all disease groups. 
Likewise, 56 genes were common between NOA versus NOA and OA (ADAD1, BANF2, BCL2L14, C12orf50, C20orf173, C22orf23, C6orf99, C9orf131, C9orf24, CABS1, CAPZA3, CCDC187, CCDC54, CDKN3, CEP170, CFAP206, CRISP2, CT83, CXorf65, FAM209A, FAM71F1, FAM81B, GALNTL5, GTSF1, H1FNT, HEMGN, HMGB4, KIF2B, LDHC, LOC441601, LYZL2, ODF1, ODF2, PCDHB3, PDHA2, PGK2, PIH1D2, PLCZ1, PROCA1, RIMBP3, ROPN1L, SHCBP1L, SMCP, SPATA16, SPATA19, SPINK2, TEX33, TKTL2, TMCO2, TMCO5A, TNP1, TNP2, TSPAN16, TSSK1B, TTLL2, UBQLN3). 
These genes, particularly the above-mentioned 8 genes, are involved in diverse biological processes such as germ cell development, spermatid development, spermatid differentiation, regulation of proteolysis, spermatogenesis and metabolic processes. 
Owing to the stage-specific expression of these genes, any mal-expression can ultimately lead to male infertility. 
Therefore, currently available data on all branches of omics relating to male fertility can be used to identify biomarkers for diagnosing male infertility, which can potentially help in unravelling some idiopathic cases.
KW  - male infertility
KW  - omics
KW  - genomics
KW  - transcriptomics
KW  - proteomics
KW  - metabolomics
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020280
SN  - 2075-1729
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Petreska, Irina
A1  - Pejov, Ljupco
A1  - Sandev, Trifce
A1  - Kocarev, Ljupčo
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Tuning of the dielectric relaxation and complex susceptibility in a system of polar molecules: a generalised model based on rotational diffusion with resetting
JF  - Fractal and fractional
N2  - The application of the fractional calculus in the mathematical modelling of relaxation processes in complex heterogeneous media has attracted a considerable amount of interest lately. 
The reason for this is the successful implementation of fractional stochastic and kinetic equations in the studies of non-Debye relaxation. 
In this work, we consider the rotational diffusion equation with a generalised memory kernel in the context of dielectric relaxation processes in a medium composed of polar molecules. We give an overview of existing models on non-exponential relaxation and introduce an exponential resetting dynamic in the corresponding process. 
The autocorrelation function and complex susceptibility are analysed in detail. 
We show that stochastic resetting leads to a saturation of the autocorrelation function to a constant value, in contrast to the case without resetting, for which it decays to zero. The behaviour of the autocorrelation function, as well as the complex susceptibility in the presence of resetting, confirms that the dielectric relaxation dynamics can be tuned by an appropriate choice of the resetting rate. 
The presented results are general and flexible, and they will be of interest for the theoretical description of non-trivial relaxation dynamics in heterogeneous systems composed of polar molecules.
KW  - rotational diffusion
KW  - memory kernel
KW  - Fokker-Planck equation
KW  - non-exponential relaxation
KW  - autocorrelation function
KW  - complex
KW  - susceptibility
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract6020088
SN  - 2504-3110
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
PB  - MDPI AG, Fractal Fract Editorial Office
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Hafner, Julee
A1  - Thim, Christof
T1  - Innovation in organizations: learning, unlearning, and intentional forgetting
T2  - Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)
N2  - We welcome you to the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) conference. After joining with Intentional Forgetting Minitrack last year, this is the fourth year of the Organizational Learning Minitrack. We add Unlearning, and Intentional Forgetting to proudly bring you the latest research focused on organizational learning issues within the Knowledge Innovation and Entrepreneurial Systems Track. The ability to update, change and use current knowledge effectively, especially in light of the ongoing knowledge explosion, can be costly for any organization. Organizations that consider themselves “learning” or “knowledge-based” organizations must develop a competent workforce using KM strategies. Success in organizations involves developing a variety of human factors for changing competencies. With technological change, modification and revisions, many skills require updating for a competitive advantage in the marketplace. The focus on new techniques and insights into how individuals and organizations use their knowledge is our focus for the improvement of organizational learning in this Minitrack.
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-099813315-7
SP  - 4784
EP  - 4785
PB  - University of Hawai’i at Manoa Hamilton Library
CY  - Honolulu, HI
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Arkes, Hal R.
A1  - Aberegg, Scott K.
A1  - Arpin, Kevin A.
T1  - Analysis of physicians' probability estimates of a medical outcome based on a sequence of events
JF  - JAMA network open / American Medical Association
N2  - IMPORTANCE
The probability of a conjunction of 2 independent events is the product of the probabilities of the 2 components and therefore cannot exceed the probability of either component; violation of this basic law is called the conjunction fallacy. A common medical decision-making scenario involves estimating the probability of a final outcome resulting from a sequence of independent events; however, little is known about physicians' ability to accurately estimate the overall probability of success in these situations.

OBJECTIVE
To ascertain whether physicians are able to correctly estimate the overall probability of a medical outcome resulting from 2 independent events. 

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This survey study consisted of 3 separate substudies, in which 215 physicians were asked via internet-based survey to estimate the probability of success of each of 2 components of a diagnostic or prognostic sequence as well as the overall probability of success of the 2-step sequence. Substudy 1 was performed from April 2 to 4, 2021, substudy 2 from November 2 toll, 2021, and substudy 3 from May 13 to 19, 2021. All physicians were board certified or board eligible in the primary specialty germane to the substudy (ie, obstetrics and gynecology for substudies land 3 and pulmonology for substudy 2), were recruited from a commercial survey service, and volunteered to participate in the study. 

EXPOSURES
Case scenarios presented in an online survey.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Respondents were asked to provide their demographic information in addition to 3 probability estimates. The first substudy included a scenario describing a brow presentation discovered during labor; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the brow presentation would resolve and that the delivery would be vaginal. The second substudy involved a diagnostic evaluation of an incidentally discovered pulmonary nodule; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the patient had a malignant condition and that a technically successful transthoracic needle biopsy would reveal a malignant condition. The third substudy included a modification of the first substudy in an attempt to debias the conjunction fallacy prevalent in the first substudy. Respondents' own probability estimates of the individual events were used to calculate the mathematically correct conjunctive probability.

RESULTS
Among 215 respondents, the mean (SD) age was 54.0 (9.5) years; 142 respondents (66.0%) were male. Data on race and ethnicity were not collected. A total of 168 physicians (78.1%) estimated the probability of the 2-step sequence to be greater than the probability of at least 1 of the 2 component events. Compared with the product of their 2 estimated components, respondents overestimated the combined probability by 12.8% (95% CI, 9.6%-16.1%; P < .001) in substudy 1, 19.8% (95% Cl, 16.6%-23.0%; P < .001) in substudy 2, and 18.0% (95% CI, 13.4%-22.5%; P < .001) in substudy 3, results that were mathematically incoherent (ie, formally illogical and mathematically incorrect). 

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
 In this survey study of 215 physicians, respondents consistently overestimated the combined probability of 2 events compared with the probability calculated from their own estimates of the individual events. This biased estimation, consistent with the conjunction fallacy, may have substantial implications for diagnostic and prognostic decision-making.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18804
SN  - 2574-3805
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
PB  - American Veterinary Medical Association
CY  - Chicago
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mientus, Lukas
A1  - Hume, Anne
A1  - Wulff, Peter
A1  - Meiners, Antoinette
A1  - Borowski, Andreas
T1  - Modelling STEM teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge in the framework of the refined consensus model
BT  - A systematic literature review
JF  - Education Sciences : open access journal
N2  - Science education researchers have developed a refined understanding of the structure of science teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), but how to develop applicable and situation-adequate PCK remains largely unclear. A potential problem lies in the diverse conceptualisations of the PCK used in PCK research. This study sought to systematize existing science education research on PCK through the lens of the recently proposed refined consensus model (RCM) of PCK. In this review, the studies’ approaches to investigating PCK and selected findings were characterised and synthesised as an overview comparing research before and after the publication of the RCM. We found that the studies largely employed a qualitative case-study methodology that included specific PCK models and tools. However, in recent years, the studies focused increasingly on quantitative aspects. Furthermore, results of the reviewed studies can mostly be integrated into the RCM. We argue that the RCM can function as a meaningful theoretical lens for conceptualizing links between teaching practice and PCK development by proposing pedagogical reasoning as a mechanism and/or explanation for PCK development in the context of teaching practice.
KW  - pedagogical content knowledge (PCK)
KW  - refined consensus model (RCM)
KW  - pedagogical reasoning
KW  - teaching practice
KW  - science teaching
KW  - literature review
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12060385
SN  - 2227-7102
VL  - 12
SP  - 1
EP  - 25
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kikstra, Jarmo S.
A1  - Nicholls, Zebedee R. J.
A1  - Smith, Christopher J.
A1  - Lewis, Jared
A1  - Lamboll, Robin D.
A1  - Byers, Edward
A1  - Sandstad, Marit
A1  - Meinshausen, Malte
A1  - Gidden, Matthew J.
A1  - Rogelj, Joeri
A1  - Kriegler, Elmar
A1  - Peters, Glen P.
A1  - Fuglestvedt, Jan S.
A1  - Skeie, Ragnhild B.
A1  - Samset, Bjørn H.
A1  - Wienpahl, Laura
A1  - van Vuuren, Detlef P.
A1  - van der Wijst, Kaj-Ivar
A1  - Al Khourdajie, Alaa
A1  - Forster, Piers M.
A1  - Reisinger, Andy
A1  - Schaeffer, Roberto
A1  - Riahi, Keywan
T1  - The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report WGIII climate assessment of mitigation pathways
BT  - from emissions to global temperatures
JF  - Geoscientific model development
N2  - While the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) physical science reports usually assess a handful of future scenarios, the Working Group III contribution on climate mitigation to the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (AR6 WGIII) assesses hundreds to thousands of future emissions scenarios. A key task in WGIII is to assess the global mean temperature outcomes of these scenarios in a consistent manner, given the challenge that the emissions scenarios from different integrated assessment models (IAMs) come with different sectoral and gas-to-gas coverage and cannot all be assessed consistently by complex Earth system models. In this work, we describe the “climate-assessment” workflow and its methods, including infilling of missing emissions and emissions harmonisation as applied to 1202 mitigation scenarios in AR6 WGIII. We evaluate the global mean temperature projections and effective radiative forcing (ERF) characteristics of climate emulators FaIRv1.6.2 and MAGICCv7.5.3 and use the CICERO simple climate model (CICERO-SCM) for sensitivity analysis. We discuss the implied overshoot severity of the mitigation pathways using overshoot degree years and look at emissions and temperature characteristics of scenarios compatible with one possible interpretation of the Paris Agreement. We find that the lowest class of emissions scenarios that limit global warming to “1.5 ∘C (with a probability of greater than 50 %) with no or limited overshoot” includes 97 scenarios for MAGICCv7.5.3 and 203 for FaIRv1.6.2. For the MAGICCv7.5.3 results, “limited overshoot” typically implies exceedance of median temperature projections of up to about 0.1 ∘C for up to a few decades before returning to below 1.5 ∘C by or before the year 2100. For more than half of the scenarios in this category that comply with three criteria for being “Paris-compatible”, including net-zero or net-negative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, median temperatures decline by about 0.3–0.4 ∘C after peaking at 1.5–1.6 ∘C in 2035–2055. We compare the methods applied in AR6 with the methods used for SR1.5 and discuss their implications. This article also introduces a “climate-assessment” Python package which allows for fully reproducing the IPCC AR6 WGIII temperature assessment. This work provides a community tool for assessing the temperature outcomes of emissions pathways and provides a basis for further work such as extending the workflow to include downscaling of climate characteristics to a regional level and calculating impacts.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-9075-2022
SN  - 1991-959X
SN  - 1991-9603
VL  - 15
IS  - 24
SP  - 9075
EP  - 9109
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Langenhan, Jennifer
A1  - Jaeger, Carsten
A1  - Baum, Katharina
A1  - Simon, Mareike
A1  - Lisec, Jan
T1  - A flexible tool to correct superimposed mass isotopologue distributions in GC-APCI-MS flux experiments
JF  - Metabolites
N2  - The investigation of metabolic fluxes and metabolite distributions within cells by means of tracer molecules is a valuable tool to unravel the complexity of biological systems. Technological advances in mass spectrometry (MS) technology such as atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) coupled with high resolution (HR), not only allows for highly sensitive analyses but also broadens the usefulness of tracer-based experiments, as interesting signals can be annotated de novo when not yet present in a compound library. However, several effects in the APCI ion source, i.e., fragmentation and rearrangement, lead to superimposed mass isotopologue distributions (MID) within the mass spectra, which need to be corrected during data evaluation as they will impair enrichment calculation otherwise. Here, we present and evaluate a novel software tool to automatically perform such corrections. We discuss the different effects, explain the implemented algorithm, and show its application on several experimental datasets. This adjustable tool is available as an R package from CRAN.
KW  - mass isotopologue distribution
KW  - enrichment calculation
KW  - flux
KW  - experiments
KW  - atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
KW  - R package
KW  - CorMID
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12050408
SN  - 2218-1989
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Biermann, Robin Tim
A1  - Bach, Linh T.
A1  - Kläring, Hans-Peter
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Börnke, Frederik
A1  - Schwarz, Dietmar
T1  - Discovering tolerance-A computational approach to assess abiotic stress tolerance in tomato under greenhouse conditions
JF  - Frontiers in sustainable food systems
N2  - Modern plant cultivars often possess superior growth characteristics, but within a limited range of environmental conditions. Due to climate change, crops will be exposed to distressing abiotic conditions more often in the future, out of which heat stress is used as example for this study. To support identification of tolerant germplasm and advance screening techniques by a novel multivariate evaluation method, a diversity panel of 14 tomato genotypes, comprising Mediterranean landraces of Solanum lycopersicum, the cultivar "Moneymaker" and Solanum pennellii LA0716, which served as internal references, was assessed toward their tolerance against long-term heat stress. After 5 weeks of growth, young tomato plants were exposed to either control (22/18 degrees C) or heat stress (35/25 degrees C) conditions for 2 weeks. Within this period, water consumption, leaf angles and leaf color were determined. Additionally, gas exchange and leaf temperature were investigated. Finally, biomass traits were recorded. The resulting multivariate dataset on phenotypic plasticity was evaluated to test the hypothesis, that more tolerant genotypes have less affected phenotypes upon stress adaptation. For this, a cluster-analysis-based approach was developed that involved a principal component analysis (PCA), dimension reduction and determination of Euclidean distances. These distances served as measure for the phenotypic plasticity upon heat stress. Statistical evaluation allowed the identification and classification of homogeneous groups consisting each of four putative more or less heat stress tolerant genotypes. The resulting classification of the internal references as "tolerant" highlights the applicability of our proposed tolerance assessment model. PCA factor analysis on principal components 1-3 which covered 76.7% of variance within the phenotypic data, suggested that some laborious measure such as the gas exchange might be replaced with the determination of leaf temperature in larger heat stress screenings. Hence, the overall advantage of the presented method is rooted in its suitability of both, planning and executing screenings for abiotic stress tolerance using multivariate phenotypic data to overcome the challenge of identifying abiotic stress tolerant plants from existing germplasms and promote sustainable agriculture for the future.
KW  - abiotic stress
KW  - breeding
KW  - heat stress
KW  - phenotyping
KW  - Solanum
KW  - lycopersicum
KW  - screening
KW  - stress tolerance
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.878013
SN  - 2571-581X
VL  - 6
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wutzler, Bianca
A1  - Hudson, Paul
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
T1  - Adaptation strategies of flood-damaged businesses in Germany
JF  - Frontiers in water
N2  - Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.
KW  - risk management
KW  - climate change adaptation
KW  - floods
KW  - disaster risk
KW  - reduction
KW  - Germany
KW  - precaution
KW  - emergency management
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.932061
SN  - 2624-9375
VL  - 4
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wutzler, Bianca
A1  - Hudson, Paul
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
T1  - Adaptation strategies of flood-damaged businesses in Germany
JF  - Frontiers in Water
N2  - Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.
KW  - risk management
KW  - climate change adaptation
KW  - floods
KW  - disaster risk reduction
KW  - Germany
KW  - precaution
KW  - emergency management
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.932061
SN  - 2624-9375
PB  - Frontiers Media SA
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller, Sebastian
A1  - Schüler, Lennart
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Heße, Falk
T1  - GSTools v1.3: a toolbox for geostatistical modelling in Python
JF  - Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - Geostatistics as a subfield of statistics accounts for the spatial correlations encountered in many applications of, for example, earth sciences. Valuable information can be extracted from these correlations, also helping to address the often encountered burden of data scarcity. Despite the value of additional data, the use of geostatistics still falls short of its potential. This problem is often connected to the lack of user-friendly software hampering the use and application of geostatistics. We therefore present GSTools, a Python-based software suite for solving a wide range of geostatistical problems. We chose Python due to its unique balance between usability, flexibility, and efficiency and due to its adoption in the scientific community. GSTools provides methods for generating random fields; it can perform kriging, variogram estimation and much more. We demonstrate its abilities by virtue of a series of example applications detailing their use.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3161-2022
SN  - 1991-959X
SN  - 1991-9603
VL  - 15
IS  - 7
SP  - 3161
EP  - 3182
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sotiropoulou, Stavroula
A1  - Gafos, Adamantios I.
T1  - Phonetic indices of syllabic organization in German stop-lateral clusters
JF  - Laboratory Phonology
N2  - Using articulatory data from five German speakers, we study how segmental sequences under different syllabic organizations respond to perturbations of phonetic parameters in the segments that compose them. Target words contained stop-lateral sequences /bl, gl, kl, pl/ in word-initial and cross-word contexts and were embedded in carrier phrases with different prosodic boundaries, i.e., no phrase boundary versus an utterance phrase boundary preceded the target word in the case of word-initial clusters, or separated the consonants in the case of cross-word sequences. For word-initial cluster (CCV) onsets, we find that increasing C1 stop duration or the lag between two consonants leads to earlier vowel initiation and reduced local timing stability across CV, CCV. Furthermore, as the inter-consonantal lag increases, C2 duration decreases. In contrast, for cross-word C#CV sequences, increasing inter-consonantal lag does not lead to earlier vowel initiation and robust local timing stability is maintained across CV, C#CV. In other words, in CCV sequences within words, local perturbations to segments have effects that ripple through the rest of the sequence. Instead, in cross-word C#CV sequences, local perturbations stay local. Overall, the findings indicate that the effects of phonetic perturbations on coordination patterns depend on the syllabic organization superimposed on these clusters.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.16995/labphon.6440
SN  - 1868-6346
SN  - 1868-6354
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
PB  - Open Library of humanities
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bauer, Jonas
A1  - Börsig, Nicolas
A1  - Pham, Van Cam
A1  - Hoan, Tran Viet
A1  - Nguyen, Ha Thi
A1  - Norra, Stefan
T1  - Geochemistry and evolution of groundwater resources in the context of salinization and freshening in the southernmost Mekong Delta, Vietnam
JF  - Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies
N2  - Study region: 
Ca Mau Province (CMP), Mekong Delta (MD), Vietnam. 

Study focus: 
Groundwater from deep aquifers is the most reliable source of freshwater in the MD but extensive overexploitation in the last decades led to the drop of hydraulic heads and negative environmental impacts. Therefore, a comprehensive groundwater investigation was conducted to evaluate its composition in the context of Quaternary marine transgression and regression cycles, geochemical processes as well as groundwater extraction. 

New hydrological insights for the region: 
The abundance of groundwater of Na-HCO3 type and distinct ion ratios, such as Na+/Cl-, indicate extensive freshwater intrusion in an initially saline hydrogeological system, with decreasing intensity from upper Pleistocene to deeper Miocene aquifers, most likely during the last marine regression phase 60-12 ka BP. Deviations from the conservative mixing line between the two endmembers seawater and freshwater are attributed to ion-exchange processes on mineral surfaces, making ion ratios in combination with a customized water type analysis a useful tool to distinguish between salinization and freshening processes. Elevated salinity in some areas is attributed to HCO3- generation by organic matter decomposition in marine sediments rather than to seawater intrusion. Nevertheless, a few randomly distributed locations show strong evidence of recent salinization in an early stage, which may be caused by the downwards migration of saline Holocene groundwater through natural and anthropogenic pathways into deep aquifers.
KW  - Ca Mau
KW  - Hydrogeology
KW  - Delta aquifer system
KW  - Salinity
KW  - Freshwater
KW  - Seawater intrusion
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101010
SN  - 2214-5818
VL  - 40
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wilhelms, Andre
A1  - Börsig, Nicolas
A1  - Yang, Jingwei
A1  - Holbach, Andreas
A1  - Norra, Stefan
T1  - Insights into phytoplankton dynamics and water quality monitoring with the BIOFISH at the Elbe River, Germany
JF  - Water
N2  - Understanding the key factors influencing the water quality of large river systems forms an important basis for the assessment and protection of cross-regional ecosystems and the implementation of adapted water management concepts. However, identifying these factors requires in-depth comprehension of the unique environmental systems, which can only be achieved by detailed water quality monitoring.
Within the scope of the joint science and sports event "Elbschwimmstaffel" (swimming relay on the river Elbe) in June/July 2017 organized by the German Ministry of Education and Research, water quality data were acquired along a 550 km long stretch of the Elbe River in Germany. During the survey, eight physiochemical water quality parameters were recorded in high spatial and temporal resolution with the BIOFISH multisensor system. Multivariate statistical methods were applied to identify and delineate processes influencing the water quality. 
The BIOFISH dataset revealed that phytoplankton activity has a major impact on the water quality of the Elbe River in the summer months. The results suggest that phytoplankton biomass constitutes a substantial proportion of the suspended particles and that photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton is closely related to significant temporal changes in pH and oxygen saturation.
An evaluation of the BIOFISH data based on the combination of statistical analysis with weather and discharge data shows that the hydrological and meteorological history of the sampled water body was the main driver of phytoplankton dynamics. This study demonstrates the capacity of longitudinal river surveys with the BIOFISH or similar systems for water quality assessment, the identification of pollution sources and their utilization for online in situ monitoring of rivers.
KW  - water quality
KW  - phytoplankton
KW  - river dynamics
KW  - multisensor system
KW  - online
KW  - monitoring
KW  - high spatial resolution
KW  - multivariate statistics
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/w14132078
SN  - 2073-4441
VL  - 14
IS  - 13
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Bender, Benedict
A1  - Gronau, Norbert
ED  - Bui, Tung
T1  - Introduction to the Minitrack on towards the future of enterprise systems
T2  - Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
N2  - Enterprise systems have long played an important role in businesses of various sizes. With the increasing complexity of today’s business relationships, specialized application systems are being used more and more. Moreover, emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence are becoming accessible for enterprise systems. This raises the question of the future role of enterprise systems. This minitrack covers novel ideas that contribute to and shape the future role of enterprise systems with five contributions.
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-0-9981331-5-7
U6  - https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2022.869
SP  - 7232
EP  - 7233
PB  - Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
CY  - Honolulu, HI
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Niehues, Maike
A1  - Gerlach, Erin
A1  - Wendeborn, Thomas
A1  - Sallen, Jeffrey
T1  - Successful in sports but worse in school?
BT  - adolescent student-athletes' development of scholastic performances
JF  - Frontiers in education
N2  - Studies have evaluated the effectiveness of dual career (DC) support services among student-athletes by examining scholastic performances. 
These studies investigated self-reported grades student-athletes or focused on career choices student-athletes made after leaving school. Most of these studies examined scholastic performances cross-sectionally among lower secondary school student-athletes or student-athletes in higher education. 
The present longitudinal field study in a quasi-experimental design aims to evaluate the development of scholastic performances among upper secondary school students aged 16-19 by using standardized scholastic assessments and grade points in the subject English over a course of 3-4 years. 
A sample of 159 students (54.4% females) at three German Elite Sport Schools (ESS) and three comprehensive schools participated in the study. The sample was split into six groups according to three criteria: (1) students' athletic engagement, (2) school type attendance, and (3) usage of DC support services in secondary school. 
Repeated-measurement analyses of variance were conducted in order to evaluate the impact of the three previously mentioned criteria as well as their interaction on the development of scholastic performances. 
Findings indicated that the development of English performance levels differ among the six groups.
KW  - school performance
KW  - dual career
KW  - longitudinal analysis
KW  - language
KW  - competence
KW  - elite sport
KW  - upper secondary school
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.946284
SN  - 2504-284X
VL  - 7
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Khurana, Swamini
A1  - Heße, Falk
A1  - Hildebrandt, Anke
A1  - Thullner, Martin
T1  - Predicting the impact of spatial heterogeneity on microbially mediated nutrient cycling in the subsurface
JF  - Biogeosciences
N2  - The subsurface is a temporally dynamic and spatially heterogeneous compartment of the Earth's critical zone, and biogeochemical transformations taking place in this compartment are crucial for the cycling of nutrients. 
The impact of spatial heterogeneity on such microbially mediated nutrient cycling is not well known, which imposes a severe challenge in the prediction of in situ biogeochemical transformation rates and further of nutrient loading contributed by the groundwater to the surface water bodies. 
Therefore, we used a numerical modelling approach to evaluate the sensitivity of groundwater microbial biomass distribution and nutrient cycling to spatial heterogeneity in different scenarios accounting for various residence times. 
The model results gave us an insight into domain characteristics with respect to the presence of oxic niches in predominantly anoxic zones and vice versa depending on the extent of spatial heterogeneity and the flow regime. 
The obtained results show that microbial abundance, distribution, and activity are sensitive to the applied flow regime and that the mobile (i.e. observable by groundwater sampling) fraction of microbial biomass is a varying, yet only a small, fraction of the total biomass in a domain. Furthermore, spatial heterogeneity resulted in anaerobic niches in the domain and shifts in microbial biomass between active and inactive states. The lack of consideration of spatial heterogeneity, thus, can result in inaccurate estimation of microbial activity. In most cases this leads to an overestimation of nutrient removal (up to twice the actual amount) along a flow path. 
We conclude that the governing factors for evaluating this are the residence time of solutes and the Damkohler number (Da) of the biogeochemical reactions in the domain. We propose a relationship to scale the impact of spatial heterogeneity on nutrient removal governed by the logioDa. 
This relationship may be applied in upscaled descriptions of microbially mediated nutrient cycling dynamics in the subsurface thereby resulting in more accurate predictions of, for example, carbon and nitrogen cycling in groundwater over long periods at the catchment scale.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-665-2022
SN  - 1726-4170
SN  - 1726-4189
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
SP  - 665
EP  - 688
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  -