TY - JOUR
A1 - Toumoulin, Agathe
A1 - Tardif-Becquet, Delphine
A1 - Donnadieu, Yannick
A1 - Licht, Alexis
A1 - Ladant, Jean-Baptiste
A1 - Kunzmann, Lutz
A1 - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume
T1 - Evolution of continental temperature seasonality from the Eocene greenhouse to the Oligocene icehouse
BT - a model-data comparison
JF - Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2 - At the junction of greenhouse and icehouse climate states, the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT) is a key moment in Cenozoic climate history. While it is associated with severe extinctions and biodiversity turnovers on land, the role of terrestrial climate evolution remains poorly resolved, especially the associated changes in seasonality. Some paleobotanical and geochemical continental records in parts of the Northern Hemisphere suggest the EOT is associated with a marked cooling in winter, leading to the development of more pronounced seasons (i.e., an increase in the mean annual range of temperature, MATR). However, the MATR increase has been barely studied by climate models and large uncertainties remain on its origin, geographical extent and impact. In order to better understand and describe temperature seasonality changes between the middle Eocene and the early Oligocene, we use the Earth system model IPSL-CM5A2 and a set of simulations reconstructing the EOT through three major climate forcings: pCO(2) decrease (1120, 840 and 560 ppm), the Antarctic ice-sheet (AIS) formation and the associated sea-level decrease. Our simulations suggest that pCO(2) lowering alone is not sufficient to explain the seasonality evolution described by the data through the EOT but rather that the combined effects of pCO(2) , AIS formation and increased continentality provide the best data-model agreement.pCO(2) decrease induces a zonal pattern with alternating increasing and decreasing seasonality bands particularly strong in the northern high latitudes (up to 8 degrees C MATR increase) due to sea-ice and surface albedo feedback. Conversely, the onset of the AIS is responsible for a more constant surface albedo yearly, which leads to a strong decrease in seasonality in the southern midlatitudes to high latitudes (> 40 degrees S). Finally, continental areas that emerged due to the sea-level lowering cause the largest increase in seasonality and explain most of the global heterogeneity in MATR changes (1MATR) patterns. The Delta MATR patterns we reconstruct are generally consistent with the variability of the EOT biotic crisis intensity across the Northern Hemisphere and provide insights on their underlying mechanisms.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-341-2022
SN - 1814-9324
SN - 1814-9332
VL - 18
IS - 2
SP - 341
EP - 362
PB - Copernicus
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tardif-Becquet, Delphine
A1 - Fluteau, Frédéric
A1 - Donnadieu, Yannick
A1 - Le Hir, Guillaume
A1 - Ladant, Jean-Baptiste
A1 - Sepulchre, Pierre
A1 - Licht, Alexis
A1 - Poblete, Fernando
A1 - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume
T1 - The origin of Asian monsoons
BT - a modelling perspective
JF - Climate of the Past
N2 - The Cenozoic inception and development of the Asian monsoons remain unclear and have generated much debate, as several hypotheses regarding circulation patterns at work in Asia during the Eocene have been proposed in the few last decades. These include (a) the existence of modern-like monsoons since the early Eocene; (b) that of a weak South Asian monsoon (SAM) and little to no East Asian monsoon (EAM); or (c) a prevalence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) migrations, also referred to as Indonesian-Australian monsoon (I-AM). As SAM and EAM are supposed to have been triggered or enhanced primarily by Asian palaeogeographic changes, their possible inception in the very dynamic Eocene palaeogeographic context remains an open question, both in the modelling and field-based communities. We investigate here Eocene Asian climate conditions using the IPSL-CM5A2 (Sepulchre et al., 2019) earth system model and revised palaeogeographies. Our Eocene climate simulation yields atmospheric circulation patterns in Asia substantially different from modern conditions. A large high-pressure area is simulated over the Tethys ocean, which generates intense low tropospheric winds blowing southward along the western flank of the proto-Himalayan-Tibetan plateau (HTP) system. This low-level wind system blocks, to latitudes lower than 10 degrees N, the migration of humid and warm air masses coming from the Indian Ocean. This strongly contrasts with the modern SAM, during which equatorial air masses reach a latitude of 20-25 degrees N over India and southeastern China. Another specific feature of our Eocene simulation is the widespread subsidence taking place over northern India in the midtroposphere (around 5000 m), preventing deep convective updraught that would transport water vapour up to the condensation level. Both processes lead to the onset of a broad arid region located over northern India and over the HTP. More humid regions of high seasonality in precipitation encircle this arid area, due to the prevalence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) migrations (or Indonesian-Australian monsoon, I-AM) rather than monsoons. Although the existence of this central arid region may partly result from the specifics of our simulation (model dependence and palaeogeographic uncertainties) and has yet to be confirmed by proxy records, most of the observational evidence for Eocene monsoons are located in the highly seasonal transition zone between the arid area and the more humid surroundings. We thus suggest that a zonal arid climate prevailed over Asia before the initiation of monsoons that most likely occurred following Eocene palaeogeographic changes. Our results also show that precipitation seasonality should be used with caution to infer the presence of a monsoonal circulation and that the collection of new data in this arid area is of paramount importance to allow the debate to move forward.
KW - earth system model
KW - early eocene
KW - tibetan plateau
KW - climate-change
KW - oligocene climate
KW - summer monsoon
KW - global monsoon
KW - ice sheet
KW - part 1
KW - China
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-847-2020
SN - 1814-9332
SN - 1814-9324
VL - 16
IS - 3
SP - 847
EP - 865
PB - Copernicus Publications
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - König, Johanna
A1 - Block, Andrea
A1 - Becker, Mathias
A1 - Fenske, Kristin
A1 - Hertel, Johannes
A1 - Van der Auwera, Sandra
A1 - Zymara, Kathleen
A1 - Voelzke, Henry
A1 - Freyberger, Harald Jürgen
A1 - Grabe, Hans Joergen
T1 - Assessment of subjective emotional valence and long-lasting impact of life events
BT - development and psychometrics of the Stralsund Life Event List (SEL)
JF - BMC Psychiatry
N2 - Background: Life events (LEs) are associated with future physical and mental health. They are crucial for understanding the pathways to mental disorders as well as the interactions with biological parameters. However, deeper insight is needed into the complex interplay between the type of LE, its subjective evaluation and accompanying factors such as social support. The "Stralsund Life Event List" (SEL) was developed to facilitate this research.
Methods: The SEL is a standardized interview that assesses the time of occurrence and frequency of 81 LEs, their subjective emotional valence, the perceived social support during the LE experience and the impact of past LEs on present life. Data from 2265 subjects from the general population-based cohort study "Study of Health in Pomerania" (SHIP) were analysed. Based on the mean emotional valence ratings of the whole sample, LEs were categorized as "positive" or "negative". For verification, the SEL was related to lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD; Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview), childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), resilience (Resilience Scale) and subjective health (SF-12 Health Survey).
Conclusions: The SEL is a valid instrument that enables the analysis of the number and frequency of LEs, their emotional valence, perceived social support and current impact on life on a global score and on an individual item level. Thus, we can recommend its use in research settings that require the assessment and analysis of the relationship between the occurrence and subjective evaluation of LEs as well as the complex balance between distressing and stabilizing life experiences.
KW - Positive life events
KW - Negative life events
KW - General population
KW - Emotional valence
KW - Depressive disorder
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1649-3
SN - 1471-244X
VL - 18
PB - BioMed Central
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Herrmann, Matthias L.
A1 - Boden, Cindy
A1 - Maurer, Christoph
A1 - Kentischer, Felix
A1 - Mennig, Eva
A1 - Wagner, Sören
A1 - Conzelmann, Lars O.
A1 - Förstner, Bernd R.
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - von Arnim, Christine A. F.
A1 - Denkinger, Michael
A1 - Eschweiler, Gerhard W.
A1 - Thomas, Christine
T1 - Anticholinergic drug exposure increases the risk of delirium in older patients undergoing elective surgery
JF - Frontiers in medicine
N2 - IntroductionPostoperative delirium (POD) is a common and serious adverse event of surgery in older people. Because of its great impact on patients' safety and quality of life, identification of modifiable risk factors could be useful. Although preoperative medication intake is assumed to be an important modifiable risk factor, the impact of anticholinergic drugs on the occurrence of POD seems underestimated in elective surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative anticholinergic burden and POD. We hypothesized that a high preoperative anticholinergic burden is an independent, potentially modifiable predisposing and precipitating factor of POD in older people. MethodsBetween November 2017 and April 2019, 1,470 patients of 70 years and older undergoing elective orthopedic, general, cardiac, or vascular surgery were recruited in the randomized, prospective, multicenter PAWEL trial. Anticholinergic burden of a sub-cohort of 899 patients, who did not receive a multimodal intervention for preventing POD, was assessed by two different tools at hospital admission: The established Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS) and the recently developed Anticholinergic Burden Score (ABS). POD was detected by confusion assessment method (CAM) and a validated post discharge medical record review. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between anticholinergic burden and POD. ResultsPOD was observed in 210 of 899 patients (23.4%). Both ARS and ABS were independently associated with POD. The association persisted after adjustment for relevant confounding factors such as age, sex, comorbidities, preoperative cognitive and physical status, number of prescribed drugs, surgery time, type of surgery and anesthesia, usage of heart-lung-machine, and treatment in intensive care unit. If a patient was taking one of the 56 drugs listed in the ABS, risk for POD was 2.7-fold higher (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.55-4.94) and 1.5-fold higher per additional point on the ARS (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.15-2.02). ConclusionPreoperative anticholinergic drug exposure measured by ARS or ABS was independently associated with POD in older patients undergoing elective surgery. Therefore, identification, discontinuation or substitution of anticholinergic medication prior to surgery may be a promising approach to reduce the risk of POD in older patients.
KW - delirium
KW - acute encephalopathy
KW - surgery
KW - anticholinergic
KW - geriatric
KW - postoperative
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.871229
SN - 2296-858X
VL - 9
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jara-Muñoz, Julius
A1 - Melnick, Daniel
A1 - Li, Shaoyang
A1 - Socquet, Anne
A1 - Cortés-Aranda, Joaquín
A1 - Brill, Dominik
A1 - Strecker, Manfred R.
T1 - The cryptic seismic potential of the Pichilemu blind fault in Chile revealed by off-fault geomorphology
JF - Nature communications
N2 - The first step towards assessing hazards in seismically active regions involves mapping capable faults and estimating their recurrence times. While the mapping of active faults is commonly based on distinct geologic and geomorphic features evident at the surface, mapping blind seismogenic faults is complicated by the absence of on-fault diagnostic features. Here we investigated the Pichilemu Fault in coastal Chile, unknown until it generated a Mw 7.0 earthquake in 2010. The lack of evident surface faulting suggests activity along a partly-hidden blind fault. We used off-fault deformed marine terraces to estimate a fault-slip rate of 0.52 +/- 0.04 m/ka, which, when integrated with satellite geodesy suggests a 2.12 +/- 0.2 ka recurrence time for Mw similar to 7.0 normal-faulting earthquakes. We propose that extension in the Pichilemu region is associated with stress changes during megathrust earthquakes and accommodated by sporadic slip during upper-plate earthquakes, which has implications for assessing the seismic potential of cryptic faults along convergent margins and elsewhere.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30754-1
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 13
IS - 1
PB - Nature Research
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Haugk, Charlotte
A1 - Jongejans, Loeka L.
A1 - Mangelsdorf, Kai
A1 - Fuchs, Matthias
A1 - Ogneva, Olga
A1 - Palmtag, Juri
A1 - Mollenhauer, Gesine
A1 - Mann, Paul J.
A1 - Overduin, P. Paul
A1 - Grosse, Guido
A1 - Sanders, Tina
A1 - Tuerena, Robyn E.
A1 - Schirrmeister, Lutz
A1 - Wetterich, Sebastian
A1 - Kizyakov, Alexander
A1 - Karger, Cornelia
A1 - Strauss, Jens
T1 - Organic matter characteristics of a rapidly eroding permafrost cliff in NE Siberia (Lena Delta, Laptev Sea region)
JF - Biogeosciences
N2 - Organic carbon (OC) stored in Arctic permafrost represents one of Earth's largest and most vulnerable terrestrial carbon pools. Amplified climate warming across the Arctic results in widespread permafrost thaw. Permafrost deposits exposed at river cliffs and coasts are particularly susceptible to thawing processes. Accelerating erosion of terrestrial permafrost along shorelines leads to increased transfer of organic matter (OM) to nearshore waters. However, the amount of terrestrial permafrost carbon and nitrogen as well as the OM quality in these deposits is still poorly quantified. We define the OM quality as the intrinsic potential for further transformation, decomposition and mineralisation. Here, we characterise the sources and the quality of OM supplied to the Lena River at a rapidly eroding permafrost river shoreline cliff in the eastern part of the delta (Sobo-Sise Island). Our multi-proxy approach captures bulk elemental, molecu- lar geochemical and carbon isotopic analyses of Late Pleistocene Yedoma permafrost and Holocene cover deposits, discontinuously spanning the last similar to 52 kyr. We showed that the ancient permafrost exposed in the Sobo-Sise cliff has a high organic carbon content (mean of about 5 wt %). The oldest sediments stem from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 interstadial deposits (dated to 52 to 28 cal ka BP) and are overlaid by last glacial MIS 2 (dated to 28 to 15 cal ka BP) and Holocene MIS 1 (dated to 7-0 cal ka BP) deposits. The relatively high average chain length (ACL) index of n-alkanes along the cliff profile indicates a predominant contribution of vascular plants to the OM composition. The elevated ratio of isoand anteiso-branched fatty acids (FAs) relative to mid- and long-chain (C >= 20) n-FAs in the interstadial MIS 3 and the interglacial MIS 1 deposits suggests stronger microbial activity and consequently higher input of bacterial biomass during these climatically warmer periods. The overall high carbon preference index (CPI) and higher plant fatty acid (HPFA) values as well as high C/N ratios point to a good quality of the preserved OM and thus to a high potential of the OM for decomposition upon thaw. A decrease in HPFA values downwards along the profile probably indicates stronger OM decomposition in the oldest (MIS 3) deposits of the cliff. The characterisation of OM from eroding permafrost leads to a better assessment of the greenhouse gas potential of the OC released into river and nearshore waters in the future.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022
SN - 1726-4170
SN - 1726-4189
VL - 19
IS - 7
SP - 2079
EP - 2094
PB - Copernicus
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Voglimacci-Stephanopoli, Joëlle
A1 - Wendleder, Anna
A1 - Lantuit, Hugues
A1 - Langlois, Alexandre
A1 - Stettner, Samuel
A1 - Schmitt, Andreas
A1 - Dedieu, Jean-Pierre
A1 - Roth, Achim
A1 - Royer, Alain
T1 - Potential of X-band polarimetric synthetic aperture radar co-polar phase difference for arctic snow depth estimation
JF - Cryosphere
N2 - Changes in snowpack associated with climatic warming has drastic impacts on surface energy balance in the cryosphere. Yet, traditional monitoring techniques, such as punctual measurements in the field, do not cover the full snowpack spatial and temporal variability, which hampers efforts to upscale measurements to the global scale. This variability is one of the primary constraints in model development. In terms of spatial resolution, active microwaves (synthetic aperture radar - SAR) can address the issue and outperform methods based on passive microwaves. Thus, high-spatial-resolution monitoring of snow depth (SD) would allow for better parameterization of local processes that drive the spatial variability of snow. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of the TerraSAR-X (TSX) SAR sensor and the wave co-polar phase difference (CPD) method for characterizing snow cover at high spatial resolution. Consequently, we first (1) investigate SD and depth hoar fraction (DHF) variability between different vegetation classes in the Ice Creek catchment (Qikiqtaruk/Herschel Island, Yukon, Canada) using in situ measurements collected over the course of a field campaign in 2019; (2) evaluate linkages between snow characteristics and CPD distribution over the 2019 dataset; and (3) determine CPD seasonality considering meteorological data over the 2015-2019 period. SD could be extracted using the CPD when certain conditions are met. A high incidence angle (>30 circle) with a high topographic wetness index (TWI) (>7.0) showed correlation between SD and CPD (R2 up to 0.72). Further, future work should address a threshold of sensitivity to TWI and incidence angle to map snow depth in such environments and assess the potential of using interpolation tools to fill in gaps in SD information on drier vegetation types.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2163-2022
SN - 1994-0416
SN - 1994-0424
VL - 16
IS - 6
SP - 2163
EP - 2181
PB - Copernicus
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zech, Philipp
A1 - Schuch, Felipe
A1 - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto
A1 - Kangas, Maria
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Heissel, Andreas
T1 - Exercise, Comorbidities, and Health-Related Quality of Life in People Living with HIV
BT - The HIBES Cohort Study
JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
N2 - (1) Background: People with HIV (PWH) may perform more than one type of exercise cumulatively. The objective of this study is to investigate recreational exercise and its association with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and comorbidities in relation to potential covariates. (2) Methods: The HIBES study (HIV-Begleiterkrankungen-Sport) is a cross-sectional study for people with HIV. The differences between non-exercisers versus exercisers (cumulated vs. single type of exercises) were investigated using regression models based on 454 participants. (3) Results: Exercisers showed a higher HRQOL score compared to non-exercisers (Wilcox r = 0.2 to 0.239). Psychological disorders were identified as the main covariate. Participants performing exercise cumulatively showed higher scores in duration, frequency, and intensity when compared to participants performing only one type of exercise. The mental health summary score was higher for the cumulated and single type of exercise if a psychological disorder existed. Duration and intensity were associated with an increase of HRQOL, whilst a stronger association between psychological disorders and exercise variables were evident. Exercise duration (minutes) showed a significant effect on QOL (standardized beta = 0.1) and for participants with psychological disorders (standardized beta = 0.3), respectively. (4) Conclusions: Psychological disorders and other covariates have a prominent effect on HRQOL and its association with exercise. For PWH with a psychological disorder, a stronger relationship between HRQOL with exercise duration and intensity emerged. However, differentiation of high-HRQOL individuals warrants further investigation by considering additional factors.
KW - HIV
KW - exercise intensity
KW - quality of life
KW - comorbidity
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145138
SN - 1660-4601
SN - 1661-7827
VL - 17
IS - 14
PB - MDPI AG
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Deeken, Friederike
A1 - Reichert, Markus
A1 - Zech, Hilmar
A1 - Wenzel, Julia
A1 - Wedemeyer, Friederike
A1 - Aguilera, Alvaro
A1 - Aslan, Acelya
A1 - Bach, Patrick
A1 - Bahr, Nadja Samia
A1 - Ebrahimi, Claudia
A1 - Fischbach, Pascale Christine
A1 - Ganz, Marvin
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Großkopf, Charlotte M.
A1 - Heigert, Marie
A1 - Hentschel, Angela
A1 - Karl, Damian
A1 - Pelz, Patricia
A1 - Pinger, Mathieu
A1 - Riemerschmid, Carlotta
A1 - Rosenthal, Annika
A1 - Steffen, Johannes
A1 - Strehle, Jens
A1 - Weiss,, Franziska
A1 - Wieder, Gesine
A1 - Wieland, Alfred
A1 - Zaiser, Judith
A1 - Zimmermann, Sina
A1 - Walter, Henrik
A1 - Lenz, Bernd
A1 - Deserno, Lorenz
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Liu, Shuyan
A1 - Ebner-Priemer, Ulrich Walter
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
T1 - Patterns of Alcohol Consumption Among Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdowns in Germany
JF - JAMA Network Open
N2 - Importance Alcohol consumption (AC) leads to death and disability worldwide. Ongoing discussions on potential negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on AC need to be informed by real-world evidence.
Objective To examine whether lockdown measures are associated with AC and consumption-related temporal and psychological within-person mechanisms.
Design, Setting, and Participants This quantitative, intensive, longitudinal cohort study recruited 1743 participants from 3 sites from February 20, 2020, to February 28, 2021. Data were provided before and within the second lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: before lockdown (October 2 to November 1, 2020); light lockdown (November 2 to December 15, 2020); and hard lockdown (December 16, 2020, to February 28, 2021).
Main Outcomes and Measures Daily ratings of AC (main outcome) captured during 3 lockdown phases (main variable) and temporal (weekends and holidays) and psychological (social isolation and drinking intention) correlates.
Results Of the 1743 screened participants, 189 (119 [63.0%] male; median [IQR] age, 37 [27.5-52.0] years) with at least 2 alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) yet without the need for medically supervised alcohol withdrawal were included. These individuals provided 14 694 smartphone ratings from October 2020 through February 2021. Multilevel modeling revealed significantly higher AC (grams of alcohol per day) on weekend days vs weekdays (β = 11.39; 95% CI, 10.00-12.77; P < .001). Alcohol consumption was above the overall average on Christmas (β = 26.82; 95% CI, 21.87-31.77; P < .001) and New Year’s Eve (β = 66.88; 95% CI, 59.22-74.54; P < .001). During the hard lockdown, perceived social isolation was significantly higher (β = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.06-0.15; P < .001), but AC was significantly lower (β = −5.45; 95% CI, −8.00 to −2.90; P = .001). Independent of lockdown, intention to drink less alcohol was associated with lower AC (β = −11.10; 95% CI, −13.63 to −8.58; P < .001). Notably, differences in AC between weekend and weekdays decreased both during the hard lockdown (β = −6.14; 95% CI, −9.96 to −2.31; P = .002) and in participants with severe AUD (β = −6.26; 95% CI, −10.18 to −2.34; P = .002).
Conclusions and Relevance This 5-month cohort study found no immediate negative associations of lockdown measures with overall AC. Rather, weekend-weekday and holiday AC patterns exceeded lockdown effects. Differences in AC between weekend days and weekdays evinced that weekend drinking cycles decreased as a function of AUD severity and lockdown measures, indicating a potential mechanism of losing and regaining control. This finding suggests that temporal patterns and drinking intention constitute promising targets for prevention and intervention, even in high-risk individuals.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.24641
SN - 2574-3805
VL - 5
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - JAMA Network / American Medical Association
CY - Chicago, Illinois, USA
ET - 8
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brahms, Markus
A1 - Heinzel, Stephan
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Mückstein, Marie
A1 - Hortobágyi, Tibor
A1 - Stelzel, Christine
A1 - Granacher, Urs
T1 - The acute effects of mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy young and older adults – A systematic review and meta-analysis
JF - Acta Psychologica
N2 - Cognitive resources contribute to balance control. There is evidence that mental fatigue reduces cognitive resources and impairs balance performance, particularly in older adults and when balance tasks are complex, for example when trying to walk or stand while concurrently performing a secondary cognitive task.
We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify eligible studies and performed a random effects meta-analysis to quantify the effects of experimentally induced mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy adults. Subgroup analyses were computed for age (healthy young vs. healthy older adults) and balance task complexity (balance tasks with high complexity vs. balance tasks with low complexity) to examine the moderating effects of these factors on fatigue-mediated balance performance.
We identified 7 eligible studies with 9 study groups and 206 participants. Analysis revealed that performing a prolonged cognitive task had a small but significant effect (SMDwm = −0.38) on subsequent balance performance in healthy young and older adults. However, age- and task-related differences in balance responses to fatigue could not be confirmed statistically.
Overall, aggregation of the available literature indicates that mental fatigue generally reduces balance in healthy adults. However, interactions between cognitive resource reduction, aging and balance task complexity remain elusive.
KW - Cognitive fatigue
KW - Exertion
KW - Tiredness
KW - Postural control
KW - Gait
KW - Sway
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103540
SN - 1873-6297
VL - 225
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Clausen, Sünje
A1 - Brünker, Felix
A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan
T1 - Towards responsible augmentation
BT - identifying characteristics of AI-based technology with ethical implications for knowledge workers
T2 - ACIS 2023 proceedings
N2 - Artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies can increasingly perform knowledge work tasks, such as medical diagnosis. Thereby, it is expected that humans will not be replaced by AI but work closely with AI-based technology (“augmentation”). Augmentation has ethical implications for humans (e.g., impact on autonomy, opportunities to flourish through work), thus, developers and managers of AI-based technology have a responsibility to anticipate and mitigate risks to human workers. However, doing so can be difficult as AI encompasses a wide range of technologies, some of which enable fundamentally new forms of interaction. In this research-in-progress paper, we propose the development of a taxonomy to categorize unique characteristics of AI-based technology that influence the interaction and have ethical implications for human workers. The completed taxonomy will support researchers in forming cumulative knowledge on the ethical implications of augmentation and assist practitioners in the ethical design and management of AI-based technology in knowledge work.
KW - artificial intelligence
KW - augmentation
KW - taxonomy
KW - human-AI interaction
KW - ethics
Y1 - 2023
UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/acis2023/123/
PB - Australasian Association for Information Systems
CY - Wellington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Agthe, Maria
A1 - Kayser, Daniela Niesta
A1 - Schwarz, Sascha
A1 - Maner, Jon K.
T1 - Antecedents of the red-romance effect
BT - men's attractiveness and women's fertility
JF - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science
N2 - The color red has been implicated in a variety of social processes, including those involving mating. While previous research suggests that women sometimes wear red strategically to increase their attractiveness, the replicability of this literature has been questioned. The current research is a reasonably powered conceptual replication designed to strengthen this literature by testing whether women are more inclined to display the color red 1) during fertile (as compared with less fertile) days of the menstrual cycle, and 2) when expecting to interact with an attractive man (as compared with a less attractive man and with a control condition). Analyses controlled for a number of theoretically relevant covariates (relationship status, age, the current weather). Only the latter hypothesis received mixed support (mainly among women on hormonal birth control), whereas results concerning the former hypothesis did not reach significance. Women (N = 281) displayed more red when expecting to interact with an attractive man; findings did not support the prediction that women would increase their display of red on fertile days of the cycle. Findings thus suggested only mixed replicability for the link between the color red and psychological processes involving romantic attraction. They also illustrate the importance of further investigating the boundary conditions of color effects on everyday social processes.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284035
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 18
IS - 4
PB - PLOS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schmicker, Marlen
A1 - Frühling, Insa
A1 - Menze, Inga
A1 - Glanz, Wenzel
A1 - Müller, Patrick
A1 - Noesselt, Toemme
A1 - Müller, Notger Germar
T1 - The potential role of gustatory function as an early diagnostic marker for the risk of alzheimer's disease in subjective cognitive decline
JF - Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports : JADR
N2 - Background: Patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) report memory deterioration and are at an increased risk of converting to Alzheimer's disease (AD) although psychophysical testing does not reveal any cognitive deficit.
Objective: Here, gustatory function is investigated as a potential predictor for an increased risk of progressive cognitive decline indicating higher AD risk in SCD.
Methods: Measures of smell and taste perception as well as neuropsychological data were assessed in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD): Subgroups with an increased likelihood of the progression to preclinical AD (SCD+) and those with a lower likelihood (SCD-) were compared to healthy controls (HC), patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD patients. The Sniffin' Sticks test contained 12 items with different qualities and taste was measured with 32 taste stripes (sweet, salty, bitter, sour) of different concentration.
Results: Only taste was able to distinguish between HC/SCD- and SCD+ patients.
Conclusion: This study provides a first hint of taste as a more sensitive marker than smell for detecting preclinical AD in SCD. Longitudinal observation of cognition and pathology are necessary to further evaluate taste perception as a predictor of pathological objective decline in cognition.
KW - Alzheimer's disease
KW - dementia
KW - diagnostic marker
KW - early diagnosis
KW - subjective cognitive decline
KW - taste
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/ADR220092
SN - 2542-4823
VL - 7
IS - 1
SP - 249
EP - 262
PB - IOS Press
CY - Clifton, VA
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Xiong, Yingquan
A1 - Delic, Denis
A1 - Zeng, Shufei
A1 - Chen, Xin
A1 - Chu, Chang
A1 - Hasan, Ahmed A.
A1 - Krämer, Bernhard K.
A1 - Klein, Thomas
A1 - Yin, Lianghong
A1 - Hocher, Berthold
T1 - Regulation of SARS CoV-2 host factors in the kidney and heart in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy-effects of salt, ARB, DPP4 inhibitor and SGLT2 blocker
JF - BMC nephrology
N2 - Background Host factors such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the transmembrane protease, serine-subtype-2 (TMPRSS2) are important factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical and pre-clinical studies demonstrated that RAAS-blocking agents can be safely used during a SARS-CoV-2 infection but it is unknown if DPP-4 inhibitors or SGLT2-blockers may promote COVID-19 by increasing the host viral entry enzymes ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Methods We investigated telmisartan, linagliptin and empagliflozin induced effects on renal and cardiac expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and key enzymes involved in RAAS (REN, AGTR2, AGT) under high-salt conditions in a non-diabetic experimental 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) model. In the present study, the gene expression of Ace2, Tmprss2, Ren, Agtr2 and Agt was assessed with qRT-PCR and the protein expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 with immunohistochemistry in the following experimental groups: Sham + normal diet (ND) + placebo (PBO); 5/6Nx + ND + PBO; 5/6Nx + high salt-diet (HSD) + PBO; 5/6Nx + HSD + telmisartan; 5/6Nx + HSD + linagliptin; 5/6Nx + HSD + empagliflozin. Results In the kidney, the expression of Ace2 was not altered on mRNA level under disease and treatment conditions. The renal TMPRSS2 levels (mRNA and protein) were not affected, whereas the cardiac level was significantly increased in 5/6Nx rats. Intriguingly, the elevated TMPRSS2 protein expression in the heart was significantly normalized after treatment with telmisartan, linagliptin and empagliflozin. Conclusions Our study indicated that there is no upregulation regarding host factors potentially promoting SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into host cells when the SGLT2-blocker empagliflozin, telmisartan and the DPP4-inhibitor blocker linagliptin are used. The results obtained in a preclinical, experimental non-diabetic kidney failure model need confirmation in ongoing interventional clinical trials.
KW - SARS CoV-2 host factors
KW - 5/6 nephrectomy
KW - High-salt diet
KW - ARB
KW - DPP4 inhibitor
KW - SGLT2 blocker
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-022-02747-1
SN - 1471-2369
VL - 23
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heistermann, Maik
A1 - Francke, Till
A1 - Scheiffele, Lena
A1 - Petrova, Katya Dimitrova
A1 - Budach, Christian
A1 - Schrön, Martin
A1 - Trost, Benjamin
A1 - Rasche, Daniel
A1 - Güntner, Andreas
A1 - Doepper, Veronika
A1 - Förster, Michael
A1 - Köhli, Markus
A1 - Angermann, Lisa
A1 - Antonoglou, Nikolaos
A1 - Zude, Manuela
A1 - Oswald, Sascha
T1 - Three years of soil moisture observations by a dense cosmic-ray neutron sensing cluster at an agricultural research site in north-east Germany
JF - Earth system science data : ESSD
N2 - Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) allows for the estimation of root-zone soil water content (SWC) at the scale of several hectares. In this paper, we present the data recorded by a dense CRNS network operated from 2019 to 2022 at an agricultural research site in Marquardt, Germany - the first multi-year CRNS cluster. Consisting, at its core, of eight permanently installed CRNS sensors, the cluster was supplemented by a wealth of complementary measurements: data from seven additional temporary CRNS sensors, partly co-located with the permanent ones; 27 SWC profiles (mostly permanent); two groundwater observation wells; meteorological records; and Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (GNSS-R). Complementary to these continuous measurements, numerous campaign-based activities provided data by mobile CRNS roving, hyperspectral im-agery via UASs, intensive manual sampling of soil properties (SWC, bulk density, organic matter, texture, soil hydraulic properties), and observations of biomass and snow (cover, depth, and density). The unique temporal coverage of 3 years entails a broad spectrum of hydro-meteorological conditions, including exceptional drought periods and extreme rainfall but also episodes of snow coverage, as well as a dedicated irrigation experiment. Apart from serving to advance CRNS-related retrieval methods, this data set is expected to be useful for vari-ous disciplines, for example, soil and groundwater hydrology, agriculture, or remote sensing. Hence, we show exemplary features of the data set in order to highlight the potential for such subsequent studies. The data are available at doi.org/10.23728/b2share.551095325d74431881185fba1eb09c95 (Heistermann et al., 2022b).
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3243-2023
SN - 1866-3508
SN - 1866-3516
VL - 15
IS - 7
SP - 3243
EP - 3262
PB - Copernics Publications
CY - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Shams, Boshra
A1 - Wang, Ziqian
A1 - Roine, Timo
A1 - Aydogan, Dogu Baran
A1 - Vajkoczy, Peter
A1 - Lippert, Christoph
A1 - Picht, Thomas
A1 - Fekonja, Lucius Samo
T1 - Machine learning-based prediction of motor status in glioma patients using diffusion MRI metrics along the corticospinal tract
JF - Brain communications
N2 - Shams et al. report that glioma patients' motor status is predicted accurately by diffusion MRI metrics along the corticospinal tract based on support vector machine method, reaching an overall accuracy of 77%. They show that these metrics are more effective than demographic and clinical variables.
Along tract statistics enables white matter characterization using various diffusion MRI metrics. These diffusion models reveal detailed insights into white matter microstructural changes with development, pathology and function. Here, we aim at assessing the clinical utility of diffusion MRI metrics along the corticospinal tract, investigating whether motor glioma patients can be classified with respect to their motor status. We retrospectively included 116 brain tumour patients suffering from either left or right supratentorial, unilateral World Health Organization Grades II, III and IV gliomas with a mean age of 53.51 +/- 16.32 years. Around 37% of patients presented with preoperative motor function deficits according to the Medical Research Council scale. At group level comparison, the highest non-overlapping diffusion MRI differences were detected in the superior portion of the tracts' profiles. Fractional anisotropy and fibre density decrease, apparent diffusion coefficient axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity increase. To predict motor deficits, we developed a method based on a support vector machine using histogram-based features of diffusion MRI tract profiles (e.g. mean, standard deviation, kurtosis and skewness), following a recursive feature elimination method. Our model achieved high performance (74% sensitivity, 75% specificity, 74% overall accuracy and 77% area under the curve). We found that apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity contributed more than other features to the model. Incorporating the patient demographics and clinical features such as age, tumour World Health Organization grade, tumour location, gender and resting motor threshold did not affect the model's performance, revealing that these features were not as effective as microstructural measures. These results shed light on the potential patterns of tumour-related microstructural white matter changes in the prediction of functional deficits.
KW - machine learning
KW - support vector machine
KW - tractography
KW - diffusion MRI;
KW - corticospinal tract
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcac141
SN - 2632-1297
VL - 4
IS - 3
PB - Oxford University Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - de Carvalho Souza, Alyson Matheus
A1 - Barrocas, Roberta
A1 - Fischer, Martin H.
A1 - Arnaud, Emanuel
A1 - Moeller, Korbinian
A1 - Rennó-Costa, César
T1 - Combining virtual reality and tactile stimulation to investigate embodied finger-based numerical representations
JF - Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation
N2 - Finger-based representation of numbers is a high-level cognitive strategy to assist numerical and arithmetic processing in children and adults. It is unclear whether this paradigm builds on simple perceptual features or comprises several attributes through embodiment. Here we describe the development and initial testing of an experimental setup to study embodiment during a finger-based numerical task using Virtual Reality (VR) and a low-cost tactile stimulator that is easy to build. Using VR allows us to create new ways to study finger-based numerical representation using a virtual hand that can be manipulated in ways our hand cannot, such as decoupling tactile and visual stimuli. The goal is to present a new methodology that can allow researchers to study embodiment through this new approach, maybe shedding new light on the cognitive strategy behind the finger-based representation of numbers. In this case, a critical methodological requirement is delivering precisely targeted sensory stimuli to specific effectors while simultaneously recording their behavior and engaging the participant in a simulated experience. We tested the device's capability by stimulating users in different experimental configurations. Results indicate that our device delivers reliable tactile stimulation to all fingers of a participant's hand without losing motion tracking quality during an ongoing task. This is reflected by an accuracy of over 95% in participants detecting stimulation of a single finger or multiple fingers in sequential stimulation as indicated by experiments with sixteen participants. We discuss possible application scenarios, explain how to apply our methodology to study the embodiment of finger-based numerical representations and other high-level cognitive functions, and discuss potential further developments of the device based on the data obtained in our testing.
KW - virtual reality
KW - numerical cognition
KW - finger counting
KW - embodied cognition
KW - cognitive science
KW - virtual environment
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1119561
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 14
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Stübler, Sabine
A1 - Kloft, Charlotte
A1 - Huisinga, Wilhelm
T1 - Cell-level systems biology model to study inflammatory bowel diseases and their treatment options
JF - CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology
N2 - To help understand the complex and therapeutically challenging inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), we developed a systems biology model of the intestinal immune system that is able to describe main aspects of IBD and different treatment modalities thereof. The model, including key cell types and processes of the mucosal immune response, compiles a large amount of isolated experimental findings from literature into a larger context and allows for simulations of different inflammation scenarios based on the underlying data and assumptions. In the context of a large and diverse virtual IBD population, we characterized the patients based on their phenotype (in contrast to healthy individuals, they developed persistent inflammation after a trigger event) rather than on a priori assumptions on parameter differences to a healthy individual. This allowed to reproduce the enormous diversity of predispositions known to lead to IBD. Analyzing different treatment effects, the model provides insight into characteristics of individual drug therapy. We illustrate for anti-TNF-alpha therapy, how the model can be used (i) to decide for alternative treatments with best prospects in the case of nonresponse, and (ii) to identify promising combination therapies with other available treatment options.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12932
SN - 2163-8306
VL - 12
IS - 5
SP - 690
EP - 705
PB - Nature Publ. Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kaya, Mustafa Yücel
A1 - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume
A1 - Frieling, Joost
A1 - Fioroni, Chiara
A1 - Rohrmann, Alexander
A1 - Altıner, Sevinç Özkan
A1 - Vardar, Ezgi
A1 - Tanyas, Hakan
A1 - Mamtimin, Mehmut
A1 - Zhaojie, Guo
T1 - The Eurasian epicontinental sea was an important carbon sink during the Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum
JF - Communications earth and environment
N2 - The Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (ca. 56 million years ago) offers a primary analogue for future global warming and carbon cycle recovery. Yet, where and how massive carbon emissions were mitigated during this climate warming event remains largely unknown. Here we show that organic carbon burial in the vast epicontinental seaways that extended over Eurasia provided a major carbon sink during the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. We coupled new and existing stratigraphic analyses to a detailed paleogeographic framework and using spatiotemporal interpolation calculated ca. 720–1300 Gt organic carbon excess burial, focused in the eastern parts of the Eurasian epicontinental seaways. A much larger amount (2160–3900 Gt C, and when accounting for the increase in inundated shelf area 7400–10300 Gt C) could have been sequestered in similar environments globally. With the disappearance of most epicontinental seas since the Oligocene-Miocene, an effective negative carbon cycle feedback also disappeared making the modern carbon cycle critically dependent on the slower silicate weathering feedback.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00451-4
SN - 2662-4435
VL - 3
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - van Soest, Heleen L.
A1 - Aleluia Reis, Lara
A1 - Baptista, Luiz Bernardo
A1 - Bertram, Christoph
A1 - Després, Jacques
A1 - Drouet, Laurent
A1 - den Elzen, Michel
A1 - Fragkos, Panagiotis
A1 - Fricko, Oliver
A1 - Fujimori, Shinichiro
A1 - Grant, Neil
A1 - Harmsen, Mathijs
A1 - Iyer, Gokul
A1 - Keramidas, Kimon
A1 - Köberle, Alexandre C.
A1 - Kriegler, Elmar
A1 - Malik, Aman
A1 - Mittal, Shivika
A1 - Oshiro, Ken
A1 - Riahi, Keywan
A1 - Roelfsema, Mark
A1 - van Ruijven, Bas
A1 - Schaeffer, Roberto
A1 - Silva Herran, Diego
A1 - Tavoni, Massimo
A1 - Ünlü, Gamze
A1 - Vandyck, Toon
A1 - van Vuuren, Detlef P.
T1 - Global roll-out of comprehensive policy measures may aid in bridging emissions gap
JF - Nature communications
N2 - Closing the emissions gap between Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the global emissions levels needed to achieve the Paris Agreement’s climate goals will require a comprehensive package of policy measures. National and sectoral policies can help fill the gap, but success stories in one country cannot be automatically replicated in other countries. They need to be adapted to the local context. Here, we develop a new Bridge scenario based on nationally relevant, short-term measures informed by interactions with country experts. These good practice policies are rolled out globally between now and 2030 and combined with carbon pricing thereafter. We implement this scenario with an ensemble of global integrated assessment models. We show that the Bridge scenario closes two-thirds of the emissions gap between NDC and 2 °C scenarios by 2030 and enables a pathway in line with the 2 °C goal when combined with the necessary long-term changes, i.e. more comprehensive pricing measures after 2030. The Bridge scenario leads to a scale-up of renewable energy (reaching 52%–88% of global electricity supply by 2050), electrification of end-uses, efficiency improvements in energy demand sectors, and enhanced afforestation and reforestation. Our analysis suggests that early action via good-practice policies is less costly than a delay in global climate cooperation.
KW - climate-change mitigation
KW - climate-change policy
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26595-z
VL - 12
IS - 1
PB - Nature Publishing Group UK
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ye, Fangyuan
A1 - Zhang, Shuo
A1 - Warby, Jonathan
A1 - Wu, Jiawei
A1 - Gutierrez-Partida, Emilio
A1 - Lang, Felix
A1 - Shah, Sahil
A1 - Saglamkaya, Elifnaz
A1 - Sun, Bowen
A1 - Zu, Fengshuo
A1 - Shoai, Safa
A1 - Wang, Haifeng
A1 - Stiller, Burkhard
A1 - Neher, Dieter
A1 - Zhu, Wei-Hong
A1 - Stolterfoht, Martin
A1 - Wu, Yongzhen
T1 - Overcoming C₆₀-induced interfacial recombination in inverted perovskite solar cells by electron-transporting carborane
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - Inverted perovskite solar cells still suffer from significant non-radiative recombination losses at the perovskite surface and across the perovskite/C₆₀ interface, limiting the future development of perovskite-based single- and multi-junction photovoltaics. Therefore, more effective inter- or transport layers are urgently required. To tackle these recombination losses, we introduce ortho-carborane as an interlayer material that has a spherical molecular structure and a three-dimensional aromaticity. Based on a variety of experimental techniques, we show that ortho-carborane decorated with phenylamino groups effectively passivates the perovskite surface and essentially eliminates the non-radiative recombination loss across the perovskite/C₆₀ interface with high thermal stability. We further demonstrate the potential of carborane as an electron transport material, facilitating electron extraction while blocking holes from the interface. The resulting inverted perovskite solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of over 23% with a low non-radiative voltage loss of 110 mV, and retain >97% of the initial efficiency after 400 h of maximum power point tracking. Overall, the designed carborane based interlayer simultaneously enables passivation, electron-transport and hole-blocking and paves the way toward more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34203-x
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 13
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Löw, Martina
ED - Sayman, Volkan
ED - Schwerer, Jona
ED - Wolf, Hannah
T1 - Am Ende der Globalisierung
BT - über die Refiguration von Räumen
T3 - Re-Figuration von Räumen
N2 - Die Globalisierung ist zur allgegenwärtigen Gewissheit geworden. Doch wie zutreffend ist das Konzept »Globalisierung«, wenn zeitgleich nationale Grenzen gestärkt und transnationale Freihandelszonen ausgeweitet werden, wenn auf unterschiedlichen scales Territorien überwunden und zugleich territoriale Abgrenzungen neu gesetzt werden? Aktuelle Veränderungen als Re-Figuration von Räumen zu verstehen, ermöglicht die Analyse und Diskussion widersprüchlicher, spannungsreicher und konflikthafter räumlicher Prozesse und ihrer alltäglichen Erfahrung. Die interdisziplinären Beiträge des Bandes liefern theoretische und empirische Analysen zu politischen, digitalen und alltäglichen Räumen im Konzept der Re-Figuration.
KW - Globalisierung
KW - Raum
KW - Re-Figuration
KW - Moderne
KW - Sicherheit
KW - Stadt
KW - Land
KW - Nationalstaat
KW - Europa
KW - Wissen
KW - Grenze
KW - Digitale Planung
KW - Smart City
KW - Öffentlichkeit
KW - Medien
KW - Migration
KW - Tourismus
KW - Berlin
KW - Wandel
KW - Lebensmittel
KW - Materialität
KW - Soziologische Theorie
KW - Soziologie
KW - globalization
KW - space
KW - modernity
KW - security
KW - city
KW - country
KW - nation-state
KW - europe
KW - knowledge
KW - border
KW - digital planning
KW - public sphere
KW - media
KW - tourism
KW - change
KW - foods
KW - materiality
KW - sociological theory
KW - sociology
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-8376-5402-8
SN - 978-3-8394-5402-2
U6 - https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839454022
VL - 1
PB - transcript
CY - Bielefeld
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ehrig, Lukas
A1 - Wagner, Ann-Christin
A1 - Wolter, Heike
A1 - Correll, Christoph U.
A1 - Geisel, Olga
A1 - Konigorski, Stefan
T1 - FASDetect as a machine learning-based screening app for FASD in youth with ADHD
JF - npj Digital Medicine
N2 - Fetal alcohol-spectrum disorder (FASD) is underdiagnosed and often misdiagnosed as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we develop a screening tool for FASD in youth with ADHD symptoms. To develop the prediction model, medical record data from a German University outpatient unit are assessed including 275 patients aged 0-19 years old with FASD with or without ADHD and 170 patients with ADHD without FASD aged 0-19 years old. We train 6 machine learning models based on 13 selected variables and evaluate their performance. Random forest models yield the best prediction models with a cross-validated AUC of 0.92 (95% confidence interval [0.84, 0.99]). Follow-up analyses indicate that a random forest model with 6 variables - body length and head circumference at birth, IQ, socially intrusive behaviour, poor memory and sleep disturbance - yields equivalent predictive accuracy. We implement the prediction model in a web-based app called FASDetect - a user-friendly, clinically scalable FASD risk calculator that is freely available at https://fasdetect.dhc-lab.hpi.de.
KW - Medical research
KW - Psychiatric disorders
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00864-1
SN - 2398-6352
VL - 6
IS - 1
PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited
CY - Basingstoke
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Slosarek, Tamara
A1 - Ibing, Susanne
A1 - Schormair, Barbara
A1 - Heyne, Henrike
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
A1 - Andlauer, Till
A1 - Schurmann, Claudia
T1 - Implementation and evaluation of personal genetic testing as part of genomics analysis courses in German universities
JF - BMC Medical Genomics
N2 - Purpose
Due to the increasing application of genome analysis and interpretation in medical disciplines, professionals require adequate education. Here, we present the implementation of personal genotyping as an educational tool in two genomics courses targeting Digital Health students at the Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI) and medical students at the Technical University of Munich (TUM).
Methods
We compared and evaluated the courses and the students ' perceptions on the course setup using questionnaires.
Results
During the course, students changed their attitudes towards genotyping (HPI: 79% [15 of 19], TUM: 47% [25 of 53]). Predominantly, students became more critical of personal genotyping (HPI: 73% [11 of 15], TUM: 72% [18 of 25]) and most students stated that genetic analyses should not be allowed without genetic counseling (HPI: 79% [15 of 19], TUM: 70% [37 of 53]). Students found the personal genotyping component useful (HPI: 89% [17 of 19], TUM: 92% [49 of 53]) and recommended its inclusion in future courses (HPI: 95% [18 of 19], TUM: 98% [52 of 53]).
Conclusion
Students perceived the personal genotyping component as valuable in the described genomics courses. The implementation described here can serve as an example for future courses in Europe.
KW - Genomics education
KW - Personal genotyping
KW - Personalized medicine
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-023-01503-0
SN - 1755-8794
VL - 16
IS - 1
PB - BMC
CY - London
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Rieskamp, Jonas
A1 - Mirbabaie, Milad
A1 - Hofeditz, Lennart
A1 - Vischedyk, Justin
T1 - Conversational agents and their influence on the well-being of cliniciansclinicians
T2 - ACIS 2023 proceedings
N2 - An increasing number of clinicians (i.e., nurses and physicians) suffer from mental health-related issues like depression and burnout. These, in turn, stress communication, collaboration, and decision- making—areas in which Conversational Agents (CAs) have shown to be useful. Thus, in this work, we followed a mixed-method approach and systematically analysed the literature on factors affecting the well-being of clinicians and CAs’ potential to improve said well-being by relieving support in communication, collaboration, and decision-making in hospitals. In this respect, we are guided by Brigham et al. (2018)’s model of factors influencing well-being. Based on an initial number of 840 articles, we further analysed 52 papers in more detail and identified the influences of CAs’ fields of application on external and individual factors affecting clinicians’ well-being. As our second method, we will conduct interviews with clinicians and experts on CAs to verify and extend these influencing factors.
KW - conversational agents
KW - well-being
KW - mental health
KW - hospitals
KW - clinicians
Y1 - 2023
UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/acis2023/66
PB - Australasian Association for Information Systems
CY - Wellington
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Lemke, Tristan
T1 - Übergewinnsteuer durch die Hintertür
T2 - Verfassungsblog : on matters constitutional
KW - Deutschland
KW - Finanzverfassung
KW - Sonderabgabe
KW - Umlageverfahren
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.17176/20220909-230727-0
SN - 2366-7044
PB - Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Numberger, Daniela
A1 - Ganzert, Lars
A1 - Zoccarato, Luca
A1 - Mühldorfer, Kristin
A1 - Sauer, Sascha
A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter
A1 - Greenwood, Alex D.
T1 - Characterization of bacterial communities in wastewater with enhanced taxonomic resolution by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - Wastewater treatment is crucial to environmental hygiene in urban environments. However, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) collect chemicals, organic matter, and microorganisms including pathogens and multi-resistant bacteria from various sources which may be potentially released into the environment via WWTP effluent. To better understand microbial dynamics in WWTPs, we characterized and compared the bacterial community of the inflow and effluent of a WWTP in Berlin, Germany using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences, which allowed for species level determination in many cases and generally resolved bacterial taxa. Significantly distinct bacterial communities were identified in the wastewater inflow and effluent samples. Dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) varied both temporally and spatially. Disease associated bacterial groups were efficiently reduced in their relative abundance from the effluent by the WWTP treatment process, except for Legionella and Leptospira species which demonstrated an increase in relative proportion from inflow to effluent. This indicates that WWTPs, while effective against enteric bacteria, may enrich and release other potentially pathogenic bacteria into the environment. The taxonomic resolution of full-length 16S rRNA genes allows for improved characterization of potential pathogenic taxa and other harmful bacteria which is required to reliably assess health risk.
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46015-z
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 9
PB - Nature Publ. Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kupfer, Thomas
A1 - Bauer, Evan B.
A1 - van Roestel, Jan
A1 - Bellm, Eric C.
A1 - Bildsten, Lars
A1 - Fuller, Jim
A1 - Prince, Thomas A.
A1 - Heber, Ulrich
A1 - Geier, Stephan
A1 - Green, Matthew J.
A1 - Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.
A1 - Bloemen, Steven
A1 - Laher, Russ R.
A1 - Rusholme, Ben
A1 - Schneider, David
T1 - Discovery of a Double-detonation Thermonuclear Supernova Progenitor
JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Part 2, Letters
N2 - We present the discovery of a new double-detonation progenitor system consisting of a hot subdwarf B (sdB) binary with a white dwarf companion with a P (orb) = 76.34179(2) minutes orbital period. Spectroscopic observations are consistent with an sdB star during helium core burning residing on the extreme horizontal branch. Chimera light curves are dominated by ellipsoidal deformation of the sdB star and a weak eclipse of the companion white dwarf. Combining spectroscopic and light curve fits, we find a low-mass sdB star, M (sdB) = 0.383 +/- 0.028 M (circle dot) with a massive white dwarf companion, M (WD) = 0.725 +/- 0.026 M (circle dot). From the eclipses we find a blackbody temperature for the white dwarf of 26,800 K resulting in a cooling age of approximate to 25 Myr whereas our MESA model predicts an sdB age of approximate to 170 Myr. We conclude that the sdB formed first through stable mass transfer followed by a common envelope which led to the formation of the white dwarf companion approximate to 25 Myr ago. Using the MESA stellar evolutionary code we find that the sdB star will start mass transfer in approximate to 6 Myr and in approximate to 60 Myr the white dwarf will reach a total mass of 0.92 M (circle dot) with a thick helium layer of 0.17 M (circle dot). This will lead to a detonation that will likely destroy the white dwarf in a peculiar thermonuclear supernova. PTF1 J2238+7430 is only the second confirmed candidate for a double-detonation thermonuclear supernova. Using both systems we estimate that at least approximate to 1% of white dwarf thermonuclear supernovae originate from sdB+WD binaries with thick helium layers, consistent with the small number of observed peculiar thermonuclear explosions.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac48f1
SN - 2041-8205
SN - 2041-8213
VL - 925
IS - 2
PB - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY - Bristol
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Palmer, Matthew D.
A1 - Gregory, Jonathan
A1 - Bagge, Meike
A1 - Calvert, Daley
A1 - Hagedoorn, Jan Marius
A1 - Howard, Tom
A1 - Klemann, Volker
A1 - Lowe, Jason A.
A1 - Roberts, Chris
A1 - Slangen, Aimee B. A.
A1 - Spada, Giorgio
T1 - Exploring the drivers of global and local sea‐level change over the 21st century and beyond
JF - Earth's future
N2 - We present a new set of global and local sea‐level projections at example tide gauge locations under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios. Compared to the CMIP5‐based sea‐level projections presented in IPCC AR5, we introduce a number of methodological innovations, including (i) more comprehensive treatment of uncertainties, (ii) direct traceability between global and local projections, and (iii) exploratory extended projections to 2300 based on emulation of individual CMIP5 models. Combining the projections with observed tide gauge records, we explore the contribution to total variance that arises from sea‐level variability, different emissions scenarios, and model uncertainty. For the period out to 2300 we further breakdown the model uncertainty by sea‐level component and consider the dependence on geographic location, time horizon, and emissions scenario. Our analysis highlights the importance of local variability for sea‐level change in the coming decades and the potential value of annual‐to‐decadal predictions of local sea‐level change. Projections to 2300 show a substantial degree of committed sea‐level rise under all emissions scenarios considered and highlight the reduced future risk associated with RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 compared to RCP8.5. Tide gauge locations can show large ( > 50%) departures from the global average, in some cases even reversing the sign of the change. While uncertainty in projections of the future Antarctic ice dynamic response tends to dominate post‐2100, we see substantial differences in the breakdown of model variance as a function of location, time scale, and emissions scenario.
KW - climate change
KW - CMIP5 models
KW - RCP scenarios
KW - sea-level projections
KW - tide gauge observations
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001413
SN - 2328-4277
VL - 8
IS - 9
SP - 1
EP - 25
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Garbulowski, Mateusz
A1 - Smolinska, Karolina
A1 - Çabuk, Uğur
A1 - Yones, Sara A.
A1 - Celli, Ludovica
A1 - Yaz, Esma Nur
A1 - Barrenas, Fredrik
A1 - Diamanti, Klev
A1 - Wadelius, Claes
A1 - Komorowski, Jan
T1 - Machine learning-based analysis of glioma grades reveals co-enrichment
JF - Cancers
N2 - Simple Summary Gliomas are heterogenous types of cancer, therefore the therapy should be personalized and targeted toward specific pathways. We developed a methodology that corrected strong batch effects from The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets and estimated glioma grade-specific co-enrichment mechanisms using machine learning. Our findings created hypotheses for annotations, e.g., pathways, that should be considered as therapeutic targets. Gliomas develop and grow in the brain and central nervous system. Examining glioma grading processes is valuable for improving therapeutic challenges. One of the most extensive repositories storing transcriptomics data for gliomas is The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). However, such big cohorts should be processed with caution and evaluated thoroughly as they can contain batch and other effects. Furthermore, biological mechanisms of cancer contain interactions among biomarkers. Thus, we applied an interpretable machine learning approach to discover such relationships. This type of transparent learning provides not only good predictability, but also reveals co-predictive mechanisms among features. In this study, we corrected the strong and confounded batch effect in the TCGA glioma data. We further used the corrected datasets to perform comprehensive machine learning analysis applied on single-sample gene set enrichment scores using collections from the Molecular Signature Database. Furthermore, using rule-based classifiers, we displayed networks of co-enrichment related to glioma grades. Moreover, we validated our results using the external glioma cohorts. We believe that utilizing corrected glioma cohorts from TCGA may improve the application and validation of any future studies. Finally, the co-enrichment and survival analysis provided detailed explanations for glioma progression and consequently, it should support the targeted treatment.
KW - glioma
KW - machine learning
KW - batch effect
KW - TCGA
KW - co-enrichment
KW - rough sets
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14041014
SN - 2072-6694
VL - 14
IS - 4
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ilicic, Doris
A1 - Woodhouse, Jason Nicholas
A1 - Karsten, Ulf
A1 - Zimmermann, Jonas
A1 - Wichard, Thomas
A1 - Quartino, Maria Liliana
A1 - Campana, Gabriela Laura
A1 - Livenets, Alexandra
A1 - Van den Wyngaert, Silke
A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1 - Antarctic Glacial Meltwater Impacts the Diversity of Fungal Parasites Associated With Benthic Diatoms in Shallow Coastal Zones
JF - Frontiers in microbiology
N2 - Aquatic ecosystems are frequently overlooked as fungal habitats, although there is increasing evidence that their diversity and ecological importance are greater than previously considered. Aquatic fungi are critical and abundant components of nutrient cycling and food web dynamics, e.g., exerting top-down control on phytoplankton communities and forming symbioses with many marine microorganisms. However, their relevance for microphytobenthic communities is almost unexplored. In the light of global warming, polar regions face extreme changes in abiotic factors with a severe impact on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Therefore, this study aimed to describe, for the first time, fungal diversity in Antarctic benthic habitats along the salinity gradient and to determine the co-occurrence of fungal parasites with their algal hosts, which were dominated by benthic diatoms. Our results reveal that Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota are the most abundant fungal taxa in these habitats. We show that also in Antarctic waters, salinity has a major impact on shaping not just fungal but rather the whole eukaryotic community composition, with a diversity of aquatic fungi increasing as salinity decreases. Moreover, we determined correlations between putative fungal parasites and potential benthic diatom hosts, highlighting the need for further systematic analysis of fungal diversity along with studies on taxonomy and ecological roles of Chytridiomycota.
KW - Antarctica
KW - aquatic fungi
KW - Chytridiomycota
KW - phytoplankton host
KW - salinity gradient
KW - Illumina amplicon sequencing
KW - Carlini Station
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.805694
SN - 1664-302X
IS - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Numberger, Daniela
A1 - Dreier, Carola
A1 - Vullioud, Colin
A1 - Gabriel, Guelsah
A1 - Greenwood, Alex D.
A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1 - Correction: Recovery of influenza A viruses from lake water and sediments by experimental inoculation (vol 14, e0216880, 2019)
T2 - PLoS one
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218882
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 14
IS - 6
PB - PLoS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nwosu, Ebuka Canisius
A1 - Roeser, Patricia Angelika
A1 - Yang, Sizhong
A1 - Ganzert, Lars
A1 - Dellwig, Olaf
A1 - Pinkerneil, Sylvia
A1 - Brauer, Achim
A1 - Dittmann, Elke
A1 - Wagner, Dirk
A1 - Liebner, Susanne
T1 - From water into sediment-tracing freshwater cyanobacteria via DNA analyses
JF - Microorganisms : open access journal
N2 - Sedimentary ancient DNA-based studies have been used to probe centuries of climate and environmental changes and how they affected cyanobacterial assemblages in temperate lakes. Due to cyanobacteria containing potential bloom-forming and toxin-producing taxa, their approximate reconstruction from sediments is crucial, especially in lakes lacking long-term monitoring data. To extend the resolution of sediment record interpretation, we used high-throughput sequencing, amplicon sequence variant (ASV) analysis, and quantitative PCR to compare pelagic cyanobacterial composition to that in sediment traps (collected monthly) and surface sediments in Lake Tiefer See. Cyanobacterial composition, species richness, and evenness was not significantly different among the pelagic depths, sediment traps and surface sediments (p > 0.05), indicating that the cyanobacteria in the sediments reflected the cyanobacterial assemblage in the water column. However, total cyanobacterial abundances (qPCR) decreased from the metalimnion down the water column. The aggregate-forming (Aphanizomenon) and colony-forming taxa (Snowella) showed pronounced sedimentation. In contrast, Planktothrix was only very poorly represented in sediment traps (meta- and hypolimnion) and surface sediments, despite its highest relative abundance at the thermocline (10 m water depth) during periods of lake stratification (May-October). We conclude that this skewed representation in taxonomic abundances reflects taphonomic processes, which should be considered in future DNA-based paleolimnological investigations.
KW - Aphanizomenon
KW - Planktothrix
KW - Snowella
KW - cyanobacteria sedimentation
KW - lake monitoring
KW - sedimentary ancient DNA
KW - sediment traps
KW - environmental reconstruction
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081778
SN - 2076-2607
VL - 9
IS - 8
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nwosu, Ebuka Canisius
A1 - Roeser, Patricia Angelika
A1 - Yang, Sizhong
A1 - Pinkerneil, Sylvia
A1 - Ganzert, Lars
A1 - Dittmann, Elke
A1 - Brauer, Achim
A1 - Wagner, Dirk
A1 - Liebner, Susanne
T1 - Species-level spatio-temporal dynamics of cyanobacteria in a hard-water temperate lake in the Southern Baltics
JF - Frontiers in microbiology
N2 - Cyanobacteria are important primary producers in temperate freshwater ecosystems. However, studies on the seasonal and spatial distribution of cyanobacteria in deep lakes based on high-throughput DNA sequencing are still rare. In this study, we combined monthly water sampling and monitoring in 2019, amplicon sequence variants analysis (ASVs; a proxy for different species) and quantitative PCR targeting overall cyanobacteria abundance to describe the seasonal and spatial dynamics of cyanobacteria in the deep hard-water oligo-mesotrophic Lake Tiefer See, NE Germany. We observed significant seasonal variation in the cyanobacterial community composition (p < 0.05) in the epi- and metalimnion layers, but not in the hypolimnion. In winter-when the water column is mixed-picocyanobacteria (Synechococcus and Cyanobium) were dominant. With the onset of stratification in late spring, we observed potential niche specialization and coexistence among the cyanobacteria taxa driven mainly by light and nutrient dynamics. Specifically, ASVs assigned to picocyanobacteria and the genus Planktothrix were the main contributors to the formation of deep chlorophyll maxima along a light gradient. While Synechococcus and different Cyanobium ASVs were abundant in the epilimnion up to the base of the euphotic zone from spring to fall, Planktothrix mainly occurred in the metalimnetic layer below the euphotic zone where also overall cyanobacteria abundance was highest in summer. Our data revealed two potentially psychrotolerant (cold-adapted) Cyanobium species that appear to cope well under conditions of lower hypolimnetic water temperature and light as well as increasing sediment-released phosphate in the deeper waters in summer. The potential cold-adapted Cyanobium species were also dominant throughout the water column in fall and winter. Furthermore, Snowella and Microcystis-related ASVs were abundant in the water column during the onset of fall turnover. Altogether, these findings suggest previously unascertained and considerable spatiotemporal changes in the community of cyanobacteria on the species level especially within the genus Cyanobium in deep hard-water temperate lakes.
KW - Cyanobium
KW - picocyanobacteria diversity
KW - amplicon sequencing
KW - lake monitoring
KW - ecological succession
KW - lake stratification
KW - psychrotolerant
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.761259
SN - 1664-302X
VL - 12
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zoccarato, Luca
A1 - Sher, Daniel
A1 - Miki, Takeshi
A1 - Segre, Daniel
A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1 - A comparative whole-genome approach identifies bacterial traits for marine microbial interactions
JF - Communications biology
N2 - Luca Zoccarato, Daniel Sher et al. leverage publicly available bacterial genomes from marine and other environments to examine traits underlying microbial interactions.
Their results provide a valuable resource to investigate clusters of functional and linked traits to better understand marine bacteria community assembly and dynamics.
Microbial interactions shape the structure and function of microbial communities with profound consequences for biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem health. Yet, most interaction mechanisms are studied only in model systems and their prevalence is unknown. To systematically explore the functional and interaction potential of sequenced marine bacteria, we developed a trait-based approach, and applied it to 473 complete genomes (248 genera), representing a substantial fraction of marine microbial communities.
We identified genome functional clusters (GFCs) which group bacterial taxa with common ecology and life history. Most GFCs revealed unique combinations of interaction traits, including the production of siderophores (10% of genomes), phytohormones (3-8%) and different B vitamins (57-70%). Specific GFCs, comprising Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, displayed more interaction traits than expected by chance, and are thus predicted to preferentially interact synergistically and/or antagonistically with bacteria and phytoplankton. Linked trait clusters (LTCs) identify traits that may have evolved to act together (e.g., secretion systems, nitrogen metabolism regulation and B vitamin transporters), providing testable hypotheses for complex mechanisms of microbial interactions.
Our approach translates multidimensional genomic information into an atlas of marine bacteria and their putative functions, relevant for understanding the fundamental rules that govern community assembly and dynamics.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03184-4
SN - 2399-3642
VL - 5
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Köhler, Raphael H.
A1 - Handorf, Dörthe
A1 - Jaiser, Ralf
A1 - Dethloff, Klaus
A1 - Zängl, Günther
A1 - Majewski, Detlev
A1 - Rex, Markus
T1 - Improved circulation in the Northern hemisphere by adjusting gravity wave drag parameterizations in seasonal experiments with ICON-NWP
JF - Earth and Space Science : ESS
N2 - The stratosphere is one of the main potential sources for subseasonal to seasonal predictability in midlatitudes in winter. The ability of an atmospheric model to realistically simulate the stratospheric dynamics is essential in order to move forward in the field of seasonal predictions in midlatitudes. Earlier studies with the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic atmospheric model (ICON) point out that stratospheric westerlies in ICON are underestimated. This is the first extensive study on the evaluation of Northern Hemisphere stratospheric winter circulation with ICON in numerical weather prediction (NWP) mode. Seasonal experiments with the default setup are able to reproduce the basic climatology of the stratospheric polar vortex. However, westerlies are too weak and major stratospheric warmings too frequent in ICON. Both a reduction of the nonorographic, and a reduction of the orographic gravity wave and wake drag lead to a strengthening of the stratospheric vortex and a bias reduction, in particular in January. However, the effect of the nonorographic gravity wave drag scheme on the stratosphere is stronger. Stratosphere-troposphere coupling is intensified and more realistic due to a reduced gravity wave drag. Furthermore, an adjustment of the subgrid-scale orographic drag parameterization leads to a significant error reduction in the mean sea level pressure. As a result of these findings, we present our current suggested improved setup for seasonal experiments with ICON-NWP.
Plain Language Summary Although seasonal forecasts for midlatitudes have the potential to be highly beneficial to the public sector, they are still characterized by a large amount of uncertainty. Exact simulations of the circulation in the stratosphere can help to improve tropospheric predictability on seasonal time scales. For this reason, we investigate how well the new German atmospheric model is able to simulate the stratospheric circulation. The model reproduces the basic behavior of the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex, but the westerly circulation in winter is underestimated. The stratospheric circulation is influenced by gravity waves that exert drag on the flow. These processes are only partly physically represented in the model, but are very important and are hence parameterized. By adjusting the parameterizations for the gravity wave drag, the stratospheric polar vortex is strengthened, thereby yielding a more realistic stratospheric circulation. In addition, the altered parameterizations improve the simulated surface pressure pattern. Based upon this, we present our current suggested improved model setup for seasonal experiments.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EA001676
SN - 2333-5084
VL - 8
IS - 3
PB - American Geophysical Union
CY - Malden, Mass.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hartmann, Stefanie
A1 - Hasenkamp, Natascha
A1 - Mayer, Jens
A1 - Michaux, Johan
A1 - Morand, Serge
A1 - Mazzoni, Camila J.
A1 - Roca, Alfred L.
A1 - Greenwood, Alex D.
T1 - Endogenous murine leukemia retroviral variation across wild European and inbred strains of house mouse
JF - BMC genomics
N2 - Background: Endogenous murine leukemia retroviruses (MLVs) are high copy number proviral elements difficult to comprehensively characterize using standard low throughput sequencing approaches. However, high throughput approaches generate data that is challenging to process, interpret and present.
Results: Next generation sequencing (NGS) data was generated for MLVs from two wild caught Mus musculus domesticus (from mainland France and Corsica) and for inbred laboratory mouse strains C3H, LP/J and SJL. Sequence reads were grouped using a novel sequence clustering approach as applied to retroviral sequences. A Markov cluster algorithm was employed, and the sequence reads were queried for matches to specific xenotropic (Xmv), polytropic (Pmv) and modified polytropic (Mpmv) viral reference sequences.
Conclusions: Various MLV subtypes were more widespread than expected among the mice, which may be due to the higher coverage of NGS, or to the presence of similar sequence across many different proviral loci. The results did not correlate with variation in the major MLV receptor Xpr1, which can restrict exogenous MLVs, suggesting that endogenous MLV distribution may reflect gene flow more than past resistance to infection.
KW - Murine leukemia virus
KW - Endogenous retrovirus
KW - Xpr1
KW - XMRV
KW - Genomic evolution
KW - Markov cluster algorithm
Y1 - 2015
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-1766-z
SN - 1471-2164
VL - 16
PB - BioMed Central
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Romanowsky, Erik
A1 - Handorf, Dörthe
A1 - Jaiser, Ralf
A1 - Wohltmann, Ingo
A1 - Dorn, Wolfgang
A1 - Ukita, Jinro
A1 - Cohen, Judah
A1 - Dethloff, Klaus
A1 - Rex, Markus
T1 - The role of stratospheric ozone for Arctic-midlatitude linkages
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - Arctic warming was more pronounced than warming in midlatitudes in the last decades making this region a hotspot of climate change. Associated with this, a rapid decline of sea-ice extent and a decrease of its thickness has been observed. Sea-ice retreat allows for an increased transport of heat and momentum from the ocean up to the tropo- and stratosphere by enhanced upward propagation of planetary-scale atmospheric waves. In the upper atmosphere, these waves deposit the momentum transported, disturbing the stratospheric polar vortex, which can lead to a breakdown of this circulation with the potential to also significantly impact the troposphere in mid- to late-winter and early spring. Therefore, an accurate representation of stratospheric processes in climate models is necessary to improve the understanding of the impact of retreating sea ice on the atmospheric circulation. By modeling the atmospheric response to a prescribed decline in Arctic sea ice, we show that including interactive stratospheric ozone chemistry in atmospheric model calculations leads to an improvement in tropo-stratospheric interactions compared to simulations without interactive chemistry. This suggests that stratospheric ozone chemistry is important for the understanding of sea ice related impacts on atmospheric dynamics.
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43823-1
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 9
PB - Nature Publ. Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Numberger, Daniela
A1 - Dreier, Carole
A1 - Vullioud, Colin
A1 - Gabriel, Gülsah
A1 - Greenwood, Alex D.
A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1 - Recovery of influenza a viruses from lake water and sediments by experimental inoculation
JF - PLoS one
N2 - Influenza A viruses (IAV) are zoonotic pathogens relevant to human, domestic animal and wildlife health. Many avian IAVs are transmitted among waterfowl via a faecal-oral-route. Therefore, environmental water where waterfowl congregate may play an important role in the ecology and epidemiology of avian IAV. Water and sediment may sustain and transmit virus among individuals or species. It is unclear at what concentrations waterborne viruses are infectious or remain detectable. To address this, we performed lake water and sediment dilution experiments with varying concentrations or infectious doses of four IAV strains from seal, turkey, duck and gull. To test for infectivity of the IAV strains in a concentration dependent manner, we applied cultivation to specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs and Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. IAV recovery was more effective from embryonated chicken eggs than MDCK cells for freshwater lake dilutions, whereas, MDCK cells were more effective for viral recovery from sediment samples. Low infectious dose (1 PFU/200 mu L) was sufficient in most cases to detect and recover IAV from lake water dilutions. Sediment required higher initial infectious doses (>= 100 PFU/200 mu L).
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216880
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 14
IS - 5
PB - PLoS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gisch, Ulrike Alexandra
A1 - Robert, Margaux
A1 - Berlin, Noemi
A1 - Nebout, Antoine
A1 - Etile, Fabrice
A1 - Teyssier, Sabrina
A1 - Andreeva, Valentina A.
A1 - Hercberg, Serge
A1 - Touvier, Mathilde
A1 - Peneau, Sandrine
T1 - Mastery is associated with weight status, food intake, snacking, and eating disorder symptoms in the NutriNet-Sante cohort study
JF - Frontiers in Nutrition
N2 - Mastery is a psychological resource that is defined as the extent to which individuals perceive having control over important circumstances of their lives. Although mastery has been associated with various physical and psychological health outcomes, studies assessing its relationship with weight status and dietary behavior are lacking. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between mastery and weight status, food intake, snacking, and eating disorder (ED) symptoms in the NutriNet-Sante cohort study. Mastery was measured with the Pearlin Mastery Scale (PMS) in 32,588 adults (77.45% female), the mean age was 50.04 (14.53) years. Height and weight were self-reported. Overall diet quality and food group consumption were evaluated with >= 3 self-reported 24-h dietary records (range: 3-27). Snacking was assessed with an ad-hoc question. ED symptoms were assessed with the Sick-Control-One-Fat-Food Questionnaire (SCOFF). Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between mastery and weight status, food intake, snacking, and ED symptoms, controlling for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Females with a higher level of mastery were less likely to be underweight (OR: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.84, 0.93), overweight [OR: 0.94 (0.91, 0.97)], or obese [class I: OR: 0.86 (0.82, 0.90); class II: OR: 0.76 (0.71, 0.82); class III: OR: 0.77 (0.69, 0.86)]. Males with a higher level of mastery were less likely to be obese [class III: OR: 0.75 (0.57, 0.99)]. Mastery was associated with better diet quality overall, a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables, seafood, wholegrain foods, legumes, non-salted oleaginous fruits, and alcoholic beverages and with a lower consumption of meat and poultry, dairy products, sugary and fatty products, milk-based desserts, and sweetened beverages. Mastery was also associated with lower snacking frequency [OR: 0.89 (0.86, 0.91)] and less ED symptoms [OR: 0.73 (0.71, 0.75)]. As mastery was associated with favorable dietary behavior and weight status, targeting mastery might be a promising approach in promoting healthy behaviors.
KW - mastery
KW - locus of control
KW - weight status
KW - diet quality
KW - food group consumption
KW - snacking
KW - eating disorder symptoms
KW - large population
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.871669
SN - 2296-861X
VL - 9
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Marx, Julian
A1 - Brünker, Felix
A1 - Mirbabaie, Milad
A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan
ED - Bui, Tung X.
T1 - Digital activism on social media
BT - the role of brand ambassadors and corporate reputation management
T2 - Proceedings of the 57th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
N2 - Social media constitute an important arena for public debates and steady interchange of issues relevant to society. To boost their reputation, commercial organizations also engage in political, social, or environmental debates on social media. To engage in this type of digital activism, organizations increasingly utilize the social media profiles of executive employees and other brand ambassadors. However, the relationship between brand ambassadors’ digital activism and corporate reputation is only vaguely understood. The results of a qualitative inquiry suggest that digital activism via brand ambassadors can be risky (e.g., creating additional surface for firestorms, financial loss) and rewarding (e.g., emitting authenticity, employing ‘megaphones’ for industry change) at the same time. The paper informs both scholarship and practitioners about strategic trade-offs that need to be considered when employing brand ambassadors for digital activism.
KW - the bright and dark side of social media in the marginalized contexts
KW - brand ambassadors
KW - digital activism
KW - reputation management
KW - social media
Y1 - 2024
UR - https://hdl.handle.net/10125/107250
SN - 978-0-99813-317-1
SP - 7205
EP - 7214
PB - Department of IT Management Shidler College of Business University of Hawaii
CY - Honolulu, HI
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Philipowski, Katharina
T1 - Konrads ›Klage der Kunst‹ im Kontext von Sangspruchdichtung und allegorischem Ich-Erzählen
JF - Konrad von Würzburg als Erzähler
JF - Beiträge zur mediävistischen Erzählforschung
N2 - Die ›Klage der Kunst‹ Konrads wird auf dem Hintergrund und in Bezug zur Sangspruchdichtung sowie der Textfamilie allegorischer Erzählungen in der ersten Person untersucht. Während Strophik, Sangbarkeit und kunst-Thematik das Werk in den Kontext der Sangspruchdichtung rücken, stellt es sich durch seinen Umfang, seine Narrativität und das Erzähltempus, das die Handlung zwar nicht dominiert, aber rahmt, an die Seite erster früher Erzählexperimente, die Dialog, Streit oder Rede als erlebte Erfahrung eines Ich präsentieren wie das ›Frauenbuch‹ Ulrichs von Liechtenstein, das aber – ähnlich wie Konrads ›Klage der Kunst‹ – zu seiner Zeit offenbar nur mäßig erfolgreich, jedenfalls nur unikal überliefert, ist. Konrad scheint der erste zu sein, der in der höfischen Literatur das Erzählen in der ersten Person mit Allegorizität verknüpft. Er nutzt dieses neue und in der späteren Literatur so überaus fruchtbare Erzählformat geschickt, um seine eigene literarische Meisterschaft unter anderem in den Gestalten von wildekeit und kunst unter Beweis zu stellen, zu thematisieren und szenisch zu verhandeln.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?https://ojs.uni-oldenburg.de/ojs/index.php/bme/article/view/131
SN - 2568-9967
VL - 10
IS - Themenheft
SP - 57
EP - 79
PB - University of Oldenburg Press
CY - Oldenburg
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Philipowski, Katharina
ED - Philipowski, Katharina
T1 - Medieval Forms of First-Person Narration II
BT - Narrativity and Discoursivity (Villa Vigoni Talks II)
T2 - Beiträge zur mediävistischen Erzählforschung
N2 - One of the central features that medieval narratives in the first person have in common is their specific structure. Most of them are not continuously and coherently narrative, but in most cases include long discursive sections or textual elements such as letters, prayers, songs, or dialogues. The classification of these texts as narrative literature is thus anything but self-evident. The contributions to this volume examine how first-person discursivity and narrativity interact in French, German, and Italian narratives, what interrelation exists between the first-person narrative stance and discursivity, and how the literary forms of narrativity and discursivity (each of which is assigned a specific tense, namely the past tense and the present tense) relate to each other.
KW - Mediävistik
KW - Erzählforschung
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?https://ojs.uni-oldenburg.de/ojs/index.php/bme/issue/view/24
SN - 2568-9967
VL - 14
IS - Special Issue
PB - University of Oldenburg Press
CY - Oldenburg
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Mirbabaie, Milad
A1 - Rieskamp, Jonas
A1 - Hofeditz, Lennart
A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan
ED - Bui, Tung X.
T1 - Breaking down barriers
BT - how conversational agents facilitate open science and data sharing
T2 - Proceedings of the 57th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
N2 - Many researchers hesitate to provide full access to their datasets due to a lack of knowledge about research data management (RDM) tools and perceived fears, such as losing the value of one's own data. Existing tools and approaches often do not take into account these fears and missing knowledge. In this study, we examined how conversational agents (CAs) can provide a natural way of guidance through RDM processes and nudge researchers towards more data sharing. This work offers an online experiment in which researchers interacted with a CA on a self-developed RDM platform and a survey on participants’ data sharing behavior. Our findings indicate that the presence of a guiding and enlightening CA on an RDM platform has a constructive influence on both the intention to share data and the actual behavior of data sharing. Notably, individual factors do not appear to impede or hinder this effect.
KW - open science practices in information systems research
KW - conversational agents
KW - data sharing
KW - digital nudging
KW - open science
KW - research data management
Y1 - 2024
UR - https://hdl.handle.net/10125/106457
SN - 978-0-99813-317-1
SP - 672
EP - 681
PB - Department of IT Management Shidler College of Business University of Hawaii
CY - Honolulu, HI
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Leubner, Martin
T1 - Differenzierung im Literaturunterricht
BT - ein Leitfaden und Aufgabenbeispiele
N2 - Der Band stellt ein Modell für einen differenzierenden Literaturunterricht vor, der individuelle Förderung für unterschiedliche Bereiche von Heterogenität ermöglicht.
Eine ergiebige Differenzierung nutzt die Aspekte Ziele, Themen und Methoden des Unterrichts sowie Lenkung und Aufgabenformat. Diese Aspekte werden mit Blick auf die einzelnen Phasen des Unterrichts präzisiert. Dabei werden Leistungsunterschiede, sprachliche, kulturelle und soziale sowie individuelle Voraussetzungen der einzelnen Schüler:innen deutlicher adressiert.
Einzelne exemplarische Aufgabensets mit ausführlicher Erläuterung dienen der Veranschaulichung des Modells. Zudem werden Unterrichtseinheiten vorgestellt, die systematisch Möglichkeiten der Differenzierung nutzen.
Y1 - 2023
UR - https://www.wbv.de/shop/Differenzierung-im-Literaturunterricht-I73538
SN - 978-3-76397-352-1
SN - 978-3-76397-353-8
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3278/9783763973538
PB - wbv
CY - Bielefeld
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Reil, Daniela
A1 - Rosenfeld, Ulrike
A1 - Imholt, Christian
A1 - Schmidt, Sabrina
A1 - Ulrich, Rainer G.
A1 - Eccard, Jana
A1 - Jacob, Jens
T1 - Puumala hantavirus infections in bank vole populations
BT - host and virus dynamics in Central Europe
JF - BMC ecology
N2 - Background
In Europe, bank voles (Myodes glareolus) are widely distributed and can transmit Puumala virus (PUUV) to humans, which causes a mild to moderate form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, called nephropathia epidemica. Uncovering the link between host and virus dynamics can help to prevent human PUUV infections in the future. Bank voles were live trapped three times a year in 2010–2013 in three woodland plots in each of four regions in Germany. Bank vole population density was estimated and blood samples collected to detect PUUV specific antibodies.
Results
We demonstrated that fluctuation of PUUV seroprevalence is dependent not only on multi-annual but also on seasonal dynamics of rodent host abundance. Moreover, PUUV infection might affect host fitness, because seropositive individuals survived better from spring to summer than uninfected bank voles. Individual space use was independent of PUUV infections.
Conclusions
Our study provides robust estimations of relevant patterns and processes of the dynamics of PUUV and its rodent host in Central Europe, which are highly important for the future development of predictive models for human hantavirus infection risk
KW - Myodes glareolus
KW - Population dynamics
KW - Puumala virus seroprevalence
KW - Space use
KW - Survival
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-017-0118-z
SN - 1472-6785
VL - 17
PB - BioMed Central
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Witzel, Katja
A1 - Abu Risha, Marua
A1 - Albers, Philip
A1 - Börnke, Frederik
A1 - Hanschen, Franziska S.
T1 - Identification and Characterization of Three Epithiospecifier Protein Isoforms in Brassica oleracea
JF - Frontiers in plant science
N2 - Glucosinolates present in Brassicaceae play a major role in herbivory defense. Upon tissue disruption, glucosinolates come into contact with myrosinase, which initiates their breakdown to biologically active compounds. Among these, the formation of epithionitriles is triggered by the presence of epithiospecifier protein (ESP) and a terminal double bond in the glucosinolate side chain. One ESP gene is characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (AtESP; At1g54040.2). However, Brassica species underwent genome triplication since their divergence from the Arabidopsis lineage. This indicates the presence of multiple ESP isoforms in Brassica crops that are currently poorly characterized. We identified three B. oleracea ESPs, specifically BoESP1 (LOC106296341), BoESP2 (LOC106306810), and BoESP3 (LOC106325105) based on in silico genome analysis. Transcript and protein abundance were assessed in shoots and roots of four B. oleracea vegetables, namely broccoli, kohlrabi, white, and red cabbage, because these genotypes showed a differential pattern for the formation of glucosinolate hydrolysis products as well for their ESP activity. BoESP1 and BoESP2 were expressed mainly in shoots, while BoESP3 was abundant in roots. Biochemical characterization of heterologous expressed BoESP isoforms revealed different substrate specificities towards seven glucosinolates: all isoforms showed epithiospecifier activity on alkenyl glucosinolates, but not on non-alkenyl glucosinolates. The pH-value differently affected BoESP activity: while BoESP1 and BoESP2 activities were optimal at pH 6-7, BoESP3 activity remained relatively stable from pH 4 to 7. In order test their potential for the in vivo modification of glucosinolate breakdown, the three isoforms were expressed in A. thaliana Hi-0, which lacks AtESP expression, and analyzed for the effect on their respective hydrolysis products. The BoESPs altered the hydrolysis of allyl glucosinolate in the A. thaliana transformants to release 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane and reduced formation of the corresponding 3-butenenitrile and allyl isothiocyanate. Plants expressing BoESP2 showed the highest percentage of released epithionitriles. Given these results, we propose a model for isoform-specific roles of B. oleracea ESPs in glucosinolate breakdown.
KW - epithionitrile
KW - expression profile
KW - functional complementation
KW - glucosinolate hydrolysis
KW - nitrile
KW - specifier proteins
KW - tissue specificity
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01552
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 10
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Grum, Marcus
A1 - Hiessl, Werner
A1 - Maresch, Karl
A1 - Gronau, Norbert
T1 - Design of a neuronal training modeling language
BT - exemplified with the AI-based dynamic GUI adaption
JF - AIS-Transactions on enterprise systems
N2 - As the complexity of learning task requirements, computer infrastruc- tures and knowledge acquisition for artificial neuronal networks (ANN) is in- creasing, it is challenging to talk about ANN without creating misunderstandings. An efficient, transparent and failure-free design of learning tasks by models is not supported by any tool at all. For this purpose, particular the consideration of data, information and knowledge on the base of an integration with knowledge- intensive business process models and a process-oriented knowledge manage- ment are attractive. With the aim of making the design of learning tasks express- ible by models, this paper proposes a graphical modeling language called Neu- ronal Training Modeling Language (NTML), which allows the repetitive use of learning designs. An example ANN project of AI-based dynamic GUI adaptation exemplifies its use as a first demonstration.
KW - AI and business informatics
KW - development of AI-based systems
KW - AI-based decision support system
KW - cooperative AI (human-in-the-loop)
KW - process-oriented knowledge acquisition
KW - modeling language
Y1 - 2021
UR - https://www.aes-journal.com/index.php/ais-tes/article/view/20/18
U6 - https://doi.org/10.30844/aistes.v5i1.20
SN - 1867-7134
VL - 5
IS - 1
PB - GITO-Publ., Verl. für Industrielle Informationstechnik und Organisation
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Licht, Alexis
A1 - Kelson, Julia
A1 - Bergel, Shelly J.
A1 - Schauer, Andrew J.
A1 - Petersen, Sierra Victoria
A1 - Capirala, Ashika
A1 - Huntington, Katharine W.
A1 - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume
A1 - Win, Zaw
A1 - Aung, Day Wa
T1 - Dynamics of pedogenic carbonate growth in the tropical domain of Myanmar
JF - Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems
N2 - Pedogenic carbonate is widespread at mid latitudes where warm and dry conditions favor soil carbonate growth from spring to fall. The mechanisms and timing of pedogenic carbonate formation are more ambiguous in the tropical domain, where long periods of soil water saturation and high soil respiration enhance calcite dissolution. This paper provides stable carbon, oxygen and clumped isotope values from Quaternary and Miocene pedogenic carbonates in the tropical domain of Myanmar, in areas characterized by warm (>18°C) winters and annual rainfall up to 1,700 mm. We show that carbonate growth in Myanmar is delayed to the driest and coldest months of the year by sustained monsoonal rainfall from mid spring to late fall. The range of isotopic variability in Quaternary pedogenic carbonates can be solely explained by temporal changes of carbonate growth within the dry season, from winter to early spring. We propose that high soil moisture year-round in the tropical domain narrows carbonate growth to the driest months and makes it particularly sensitive to the seasonal distribution of rainfall. This sensitivity is also enabled by high winter temperatures, allowing carbonate growth to occur outside the warmest months of the year. This high sensitivity is expected to be more prominent in the geological record during times with higher temperatures and greater expansion of the tropical realm. Clumped isotope temperatures, δ13C and δ18O values of tropical pedogenic carbonates are impacted by changes of both rainfall seasonality and surface temperatures; this sensitivity can potentially be used to track past tropical rainfall distribution.
KW - clumped isotopes
KW - pedogenic carbonate
KW - monsoon
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC009929
SN - 1525-2027
VL - 23
IS - 7
PB - American Geophysical Union
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Schladebach, Marcus
ED - Gräfe, Hans-Christian
T1 - Satelliten-Megakonstellationen im Weltraumrecht
T2 - Tagungsband zur Sommerkonferenz 2022 : Telemedicus – Recht der Informationsgesellschaft
Y1 - 2022
UR - https://rainermuehlhoff.de/media/publications/telemedicus-2022-tagungsband-isbn-978-3-8005-1857-9.pdf
SN - 978-3-8005-1857-9
VL - 6
SP - 68
EP - 75
PB - Fachmedien Recht und Wirtschaft, dfv Mediengruppe
CY - Frankfurt am Main
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bimbinov, Arseniy A.
A1 - Stage, Diana
T1 - Развитие медицинского уголовного права в Германии и России
JF - Vserossijskij kriminologičeskij žurnal : RKZ = Russian journal of criminology : RJC
N2 - Negative consequences of the actions of medical professionals have always been subject to controversial assessment from the legal standpoint. There were periods in Russian history when doctors were prosecuted even without establishing their guilt first, and the periods when doctors were not held responsible at all for the violations that they committed. Currently, medical and pharmaceutical work is a complicated process of performing professional functions connected with the observance of established standards and requirements of its organization. Most medical tests and manipulations of prevention, research, diagnostic, treatment or rehabilitation character are regulated by formal protocols which could, in some cases, prevent a qualified doctor from saving a patient's life and in others - inflict forced harm on their health. Both of these situations require a legal assessment of the actions, the mechanism of which has not yet been fully determined. This circumstance could lead to a criminal prosecution of a medical professional whose fault is absent (or nonobvious). On the other hand, a structurally complex professional activity, for which there are no recognized methods of legal assessment, creates preconditions for various violations and abuses on the part of medical professionals. Changing relationships between a doctor and a patient, as well as the commercialization of modern medical practices have made the healthcare system one of the most delicto- and even criminally-oriented.
These factors act as causes for the growing complexity of legislation (in the wide sense of the word) on criminal liability of medical professionals and the controversial law enforcement practice which, in its turn, leads to the interest of researchers in these problems. The results of such research often remain unconnected with other achievements of the criminal law science; due to this, it is necessary to study the development of law, including the practice of law enforcement and the doctrine, on criminal liability of medical professionals - medical criminal law. Taking into consideration that such a sub-branch of law is not traditional for Russian science, the authors present the results of researching the development of medical criminal law not only in Russia, but also in Germany, where this sphere of law has long been established as independent.
N2 - Неблагоприятные последствия, наступившие в процессе осуществления медицинской деятельности, с правовой точки зрения оценивались неоднозначно во все времена. В отечественной истории были периоды, когда лекарей казнили даже без установления их вины и когда докторов вообще не привлекали к ответственности за допущенные ими нарушения. В настоящее время медицинская и фармацевтическая деятельность представляет собой сложный процесс выполнения профессиональных функций, связанный с соблюдением установленных стандартов и требований к его организации. Большинство медицинских обследований и манипуляций, имеющих профилактическую, исследовательскую, диагностическую, лечебную или реабилитационную направленность, регламентировано формальными рамками протокола, который может в одной ситуации не позволить компетентному врачу спасти жизнь пациента, а в другой - причинить вынужденный вред его здоровью. Обе обозначенные ситуации потребуют правовой оценки содеянного, механизм которой до сих пор в полной мере не определен. Данное обстоятельство может повлечь привлечение медицинского работника к уголовной ответственности при отсутствии (или неочевидности) вины в его действиях. С другой стороны, структурно сложная профессиональная деятельность, не имеющая признанных методик правовой оценки, создает предпосылки для различного рода нарушений и злоупотреблений со стороны медицинских работников. Меняющиеся отношения между врачом и пациентом, а также коммерциализация современной медицинской практики привели к тому, что система здравоохранения сегодня является одной из самых деликто- и даже криминально ориентированных. Изложенное выступает причиной усложняющегося законодательства (в широком смысле слова) об уголовной ответственности медицинских работников и противоречивой правоприменительной практики, а это, в свою очередь, порождает научные исследования данных проблем. Результаты таких исследований часто существуют вне связи с другими достижениями уголовно-правовой науки, поэтому представляется необходимым изучить развитие права, включая правоприменение и доктрину, об уголовной ответственности медицинских работников - медицинское уголовное право. С учетом того что для отечественной науки выделение такой подотрасли права является нетрадиционным, в настоящей работе представлены результаты исследования развития медицинского уголовного права не только в России, но и в Германии, где уже давно сложилась и обособилась данная область права.
T2 - The development of medical criminal law in Germany and in Russia
KW - Iatrogeny
KW - medical professionals
KW - medical crimes
KW - causing death
KW - criminal liability
KW - medical care
KW - medical risk
KW - ятрогения
KW - медицинские работники
KW - медицинские преступления
KW - причинение смерти
KW - уголовная ответственность
KW - медицинская помощь
KW - медицинский риск
Y1 - 2021
UR - https://cj-bgu.ru/reader/article.aspx?id=24646
U6 - https://doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2021.15(4).456-465
SN - 2500-4255
SN - 2500-1442
VL - 15
IS - 4
SP - 456
EP - 465
PB - Bajkal'skij gosudarstvennij universitet
CY - Irkutsk
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wilhelmi, Ilka
A1 - Neumann, Alexander
A1 - Jähnert, Markus
A1 - Ouni, Meriem
A1 - Schürmann, Annette
T1 - Enriched alternative splicing in islets of diabetes-susceptible mice
JF - International journal of molecular sciences
N2 - Dysfunctional islets of Langerhans are a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesize that differences in islet gene expression alternative splicing which can contribute to altered protein function also participate in islet dysfunction. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data from islets of obese diabetes-resistant and diabetes-susceptible mice were analyzed for alternative splicing and its putative genetic and epigenetic modulators. We focused on the expression levels of chromatin modifiers and SNPs in regulatory sequences. We identified alternative splicing events in islets of diabetes-susceptible mice amongst others in genes linked to insulin secretion, endocytosis or ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathways. The expression pattern of 54 histones and chromatin modifiers, which may modulate splicing, were markedly downregulated in islets of diabetic animals. Furthermore, diabetes-susceptible mice carry SNPs in RNA-binding protein motifs and in splice sites potentially responsible for alternative splicing events. They also exhibit a larger exon skipping rate, e.g., in the diabetes gene Abcc8, which might affect protein function. Expression of the neuronal splicing factor Srrm4 which mediates inclusion of microexons in mRNA transcripts was markedly lower in islets of diabetes-prone compared to diabetes-resistant mice, correlating with a preferential skipping of SRRM4 target exons. The repression of Srrm4 expression is presumably mediated via a higher expression of miR-326-3p and miR-3547-3p in islets of diabetic mice. Thus, our study suggests that an altered splicing pattern in islets of diabetes-susceptible mice may contribute to an elevated T2D risk.
KW - alternative splicing
KW - epigenetic
KW - MicroRNA
KW - RNAseq
KW - diabetes
KW - beta-cell
KW - failure
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168597
SN - 1422-0067
VL - 22
IS - 16
PB - Molecular Diversity Preservation International
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Arntz, Fabian
A1 - Mkaouer, Bessem
A1 - Markov, Adrian
A1 - Schoenfeld, Brad Jon
A1 - Moran, Jason J.
A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
A1 - Behrens, Martin
A1 - Baumert, Philipp
A1 - Erskine, Robert M.
A1 - Hauser, Lukas
A1 - Chaabene, Helmi
T1 - Effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in healthy individuals: a systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis
JF - Frontiers in physiology
N2 - Objective: To examine the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in healthy individuals. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to September 2021. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The main overall finding (44 effect sizes across 15 clusters median = 2, range = 1-15 effects per cluster) indicated that plyometric jump training had small to moderate effects [standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.47 (95% CIs = 0.23-0.71); p < 0.001] on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Subgroup analyses for training experience revealed trivial to large effects in non-athletes [SMD = 0.55 (95% CIs = 0.18-0.93); p = 0.007] and trivial to moderate effects in athletes [SMD = 0.33 (95% CIs = 0.16-0.51); p = 0.001]. Regarding muscle groups, results showed moderate effects for the knee extensors [SMD = 0.72 (95% CIs = 0.66-0.78), p < 0.001] and equivocal effects for the plantar flexors [SMD = 0.65 (95% CIs = -0.25-1.55); p = 0.143]. As to the assessment methods of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, findings indicated trivial to small effects for prediction equations [SMD = 0.29 (95% CIs = 0.16-0.42); p < 0.001] and moderate-to-large effects for ultrasound imaging [SMD = 0.74 (95% CIs = 0.59-0.89); p < 0.001]. Meta-regression analysis indicated that the weekly session frequency moderates the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, with a higher weekly session frequency inducing larger hypertrophic gains [beta = 0.3233 (95% CIs = 0.2041-0.4425); p < 0.001]. We found no clear evidence that age, sex, total training period, single session duration, or the number of jumps per week moderate the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy [beta = -0.0133 to 0.0433 (95% CIs = -0.0387 to 0.1215); p = 0.101-0.751]. Conclusion: Plyometric jump training can induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy, regardless of age and sex. There is evidence for relatively larger effects in non-athletes compared with athletes. Further, the weekly session frequency seems to moderate the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, whereby more frequent weekly plyometric jump training sessions elicit larger hypertrophic adaptations.
KW - muscle tissue
KW - muscle strength
KW - stretch shortening cycle exercise;
KW - muscle growth
KW - human physical conditioning
KW - youth sports
KW - aged
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.888464
SN - 1664-042X
VL - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gorin, Vladislav A.
A1 - Scherz, Mark D.
A1 - Korost, Dmitry V.
A1 - Poyarkov, Nikolay A.
T1 - Consequences of parallel miniaturisation in Microhylinae (Anura, Microhylidae), with the description of a new genus of diminutive South East Asian frogs
JF - Zoosystematics and evolution : Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin
N2 - The genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 includes 52 species and is one of the most diverse genera of the family Microhylidae, being the most species-rich taxon of the Asian subfamily Microhylinae. The recent, rapid description of numerous new species of Microhyla with complex phylogenetic relationships has made the taxonomy of the group especially challenging. Several recent phylogenetic studies suggested paraphyly of Microhyla with respect to Glyphoglossus Gunther, 1869, and revealed three major phylogenetic lineages of mid-Eocene origin within this assemblage. However, comprehensive works assessing morphological variation among and within these lineages are absent. In the present study we investigate the generic taxonomy of Microhyla-Glyphoglossus assemblage based on a new phylogeny including 57 species, comparative morphological analysis of skeletons from cleared-and-stained specimens for 23 species, and detailed descriptions of generalized osteology based on volume-rendered micro-CT scans for five speciesal-together representing all major lineages within the group. The results confirm three highly divergent and well-supported clades that correspond with external and osteological morphological characteristics, as well as respective geographic distribution. Accordingly, acknowledging ancient divergence between these lineages and their significant morphological differentiation, we propose to consider these three lineages as distinct genera: Microhyla sensu stricto, Glyphoglossus, and a newly described genus, Nanohyla gen. nov.
KW - Amphibians
KW - integrative taxonomy
KW - narrow-mouthed frogs
KW - micro-computed tomography
KW - Nanohyla gen. nov
KW - osteology
KW - sexual dimorphism
KW - taxonomic revision
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.57968
SN - 1860-0743
SN - 1435-1935
VL - 97
IS - 1
SP - 21
EP - 54
PB - Pensoft Publishers
CY - Sofia
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Arntz, Fabian
A1 - Mkaouer, Bessem
A1 - Markov, Adrian
A1 - Schoenfeld, Brad
A1 - Moran, Jason
A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
A1 - Behrens, Martin
A1 - Baumert, Philipp
A1 - Erskine, Robert M.
A1 - Hauser, Lukas
A1 - Chaabene, Helmi
T1 - Effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in healthy individuals
BT - a systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis
JF - Frontiers in Physiology
N2 - Objective: To examine the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in healthy individuals.
Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to September 2021.
Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The main overall finding (44 effect sizes across 15 clusters median = 2, range = 1–15 effects per cluster) indicated that plyometric jump training had small to moderate effects [standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.47 (95% CIs = 0.23–0.71); p < 0.001] on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Subgroup analyses for training experience revealed trivial to large effects in non-athletes [SMD = 0.55 (95% CIs = 0.18–0.93); p = 0.007] and trivial to moderate effects in athletes [SMD = 0.33 (95% CIs = 0.16–0.51); p = 0.001]. Regarding muscle groups, results showed moderate effects for the knee extensors [SMD = 0.72 (95% CIs = 0.66–0.78), p < 0.001] and equivocal effects for the plantar flexors [SMD = 0.65 (95% CIs = −0.25–1.55); p = 0.143]. As to the assessment methods of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, findings indicated trivial to small effects for prediction equations [SMD = 0.29 (95% CIs = 0.16–0.42); p < 0.001] and moderate-to-large effects for ultrasound imaging [SMD = 0.74 (95% CIs = 0.59–0.89); p < 0.001]. Meta-regression analysis indicated that the weekly session frequency moderates the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, with a higher weekly session frequency inducing larger hypertrophic gains [β = 0.3233 (95% CIs = 0.2041–0.4425); p < 0.001]. We found no clear evidence that age, sex, total training period, single session duration, or the number of jumps per week moderate the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy [β = −0.0133 to 0.0433 (95% CIs = −0.0387 to 0.1215); p = 0.101–0.751].
Conclusion: Plyometric jump training can induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy, regardless of age and sex. There is evidence for relatively larger effects in non-athletes compared with athletes. Further, the weekly session frequency seems to moderate the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, whereby more frequent weekly plyometric jump training sessions elicit larger hypertrophic adaptations.
KW - muscle tissue
KW - muscle strength
KW - stretch shortening cycle exercise
KW - muscle growth
KW - human physical conditioning
KW - youth sports
KW - aged
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.888464
SN - 1664-042X
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 17
PB - Frontiers
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ET - 888464
ER -