TY  - JOUR
A1  - Agarwal, Saloni
A1  - Hamidizadeh, Mojdeh
A1  - Bier, Frank Fabian
T1  - Detection of reverse transcriptase LAMP-amplified nucleic acid from oropharyngeal viral swab samples using biotinylated DNA probes through a lateral flow assay
JF  - Biosensors : open access journal
N2  - This study focuses on three key aspects: (a) crude throat swab samples in a viral transport medium (VTM) as templates for RT-LAMP reactions; (b) a biotinylated DNA probe with enhanced specificity for LFA readouts; and (c) a digital semi-quantification of LFA readouts. Throat swab samples from SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients were used in their crude (no cleaning or pre-treatment) forms for the RT-LAMP reaction. The samples were heat-inactivated but not treated for any kind of nucleic acid extraction or purification. The RT-LAMP (20 min processing time) product was read out by an LFA approach using two labels: FITC and biotin. FITC was enzymatically incorporated into the RT-LAMP amplicon with the LF-LAMP primer, and biotin was introduced using biotinylated DNA probes, specifically for the amplicon region after RT-LAMP amplification. This assay setup with biotinylated DNA probe-based LFA readouts of the RT-LAMP amplicon was 98.11% sensitive and 96.15% specific. The LFA result was further analysed by a smartphone-based IVD device, wherein the T-line intensity was recorded. The LFA T-line intensity was then correlated with the qRT-PCR Ct value of the positive swab samples. A digital semi-quantification of RT-LAMP-LFA was reported with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.702. The overall RT-LAMP-LFA assay time was recorded to be 35 min with a LoD of three RNA copies/µL (Ct-33). With these three advancements, the nucleic acid testing-point of care technique (NAT-POCT) is exemplified as a versatile biosensor platform with great potential and applicability for the detection of pathogens without the need for sample storage, transportation, or pre-processing.
KW  - RT-LAMP
KW  - LFA
KW  - NAAT-LFA
KW  - semi-quantitative
KW  - surveillance-based diagnostics
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13110988
SN  - 2079-6374
VL  - 13
IS  - 11
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bouamra, Marwa
A1  - Zouhal, Hassane
A1  - Ratel, Sébastien
A1  - Makhlouf, Issam
A1  - Bezrati, Ikram
A1  - Chtara, Moktar
A1  - Behm, David George
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Chaouachi, Anis
T1  - Concurrent Training Promotes Greater Gains on Body Composition and Components of Physical Fitness Than Single-Mode Training (Endurance or Resistance) in Youth With Obesity
JF  - Frontiers in Physiology
N2  - The prevalence of obesity in the pediatric population has become a major public health issue. Indeed, the dramatic increase of this epidemic causes multiple and harmful consequences, Physical activity, particularly physical exercise, remains to be the cornerstone of interventions against childhood obesity. Given the conflicting findings with reference to the relevant literature addressing the effects of exercise on adiposity and physical fitness outcomes in obese children and adolescents, the effect of duration-matched concurrent training (CT) [50% resistance (RT) and 50% high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT)] on body composition and physical fitness in obese youth remains to be elucidated. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 9-weeks of CT compared to RT or HIIT alone, on body composition and selected physical fitness components in healthy sedentary obese youth. Out of 73 participants, only 37; [14 males and 23 females; age 13.4 ± 0.9 years; body-mass-index (BMI): 31.2 ± 4.8 kg·m-2] were eligible and randomized into three groups: HIIT (n = 12): 3-4 sets×12 runs at 80–110% peak velocity, with 10-s passive recovery between bouts; RT (n = 12): 6 exercises; 3–4 sets × 10 repetition maximum (RM) and CT (n = 13): 50% serial completion of RT and HIIT. CT promoted significant greater gains compared to HIIT and RT on body composition (p < 0.01, d = large), 6-min-walking test distance (6 MWT-distance) and on 6 MWT-VO2max (p < 0.03, d = large). In addition, CT showed substantially greater improvements than HIIT in the medicine ball throw test (20.2 vs. 13.6%, p < 0.04, d = large). On the other hand, RT exhibited significantly greater gains in relative hand grip strength (p < 0.03, d = large) and CMJ (p < 0.01, d = large) than HIIT and CT. CT promoted greater benefits for fat, body mass loss and cardiorespiratory fitness than HIIT or RT modalities. This study provides important information for practitioners and therapists on the application of effective exercise regimes with obese youth to induce significant and beneficial body composition changes. The applied CT program and the respective programming parameters in terms of exercise intensity and volume can be used by practitioners as an effective exercise treatment to fight the pandemic overweight and obesity in youth.
KW  - weight loss
KW  - adolescents
KW  - high-intensity-interval training
KW  - resistance training
KW  - DXA
KW  - matched time
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.869063
SN  - 1664-042X
VL  - 13
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heistermann, Maik
A1  - Bogena, Heye
A1  - Francke, Till
A1  - Güntner, Andreas
A1  - Jakobi, Jannis
A1  - Rasche, Daniel
A1  - Schrön, Martin
A1  - Döpper, Veronika
A1  - Fersch, Benjamin
A1  - Groh, Jannis
A1  - Patil, Amol
A1  - Pütz, Thomas
A1  - Reich, Marvin
A1  - Zacharias, Steffen
A1  - Zengerle, Carmen
A1  - Oswald, Sascha
T1  - Soil moisture observation in a forested headwater catchment: combining a dense cosmic-ray neutron sensor network with roving and hydrogravimetry at the TERENO site Wüstebach
JF  - Earth system science data : ESSD
N2  - Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has become an effective method to measure soil moisture at a horizontal scale of hundreds of metres and a depth of decimetres. Recent studies proposed operating CRNS in a network with overlapping footprints in order to cover root-zone water dynamics at the small catchment scale and, at the same time, to represent spatial heterogeneity. In a joint field campaign from September to November 2020 (JFC-2020), five German research institutions deployed 15 CRNS sensors in the 0.4 km2 Wüstebach catchment (Eifel mountains, Germany). The catchment is dominantly forested (but includes a substantial fraction of open vegetation) and features a topographically distinct catchment boundary. In addition to the dense CRNS coverage, the campaign featured a unique combination of additional instruments and techniques: hydro-gravimetry (to detect water storage dynamics also below the root zone); ground-based and, for the first time, airborne CRNS roving; an extensive wireless soil sensor network, supplemented by manual measurements; and six weighable lysimeters. Together with comprehensive data from the long-term local research infrastructure, the published data set (available at https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.756ca0485800474e9dc7f5949c63b872; Heistermann et al., 2022) will be a valuable asset in various research contexts: to advance the retrieval of landscape water storage from CRNS, wireless soil sensor networks, or hydrogravimetry; to identify scale-specific combinations of sensors and methods to represent soil moisture variability; to improve the understanding and simulation of land–atmosphere exchange as well as hydrological and hydrogeological processes at the hillslope and the catchment scale; and to support the retrieval of soil water content from airborne and spaceborne remote sensing platforms.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2501-2022
SN  - 1866-3516
SN  - 1866-3508
VL  - 14
IS  - 5
SP  - 2501
EP  - 2519
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jebabli, Nidhal
A1  - Zouhal, Hassane
A1  - Boullosa, Daniel
A1  - Govindasamy, Karuppasamy
A1  - Tourny, Claire
A1  - Hackney, Anthony C.
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Ben Abderrahman, Abderraouf
T1  - The effects of preferred music and its timing on performance, pacing, and psychophysiological responses during the 6-min test
JF  - Journal of human kinetics
N2  - The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of listening to preferred music during a warm up or exercise, on performance during a 6-min all-out exercise test (6-MT) in young adult males. Twenty-five healthy males volunteered to participate in this study. Following a within subject design, participants performed three test conditions (MDT: music during the test; MDW: music during the warm-up; WM: without music) in random order. Outcomes included mean running speed over the 6-min test (MRS6), total distance covered (TDC), heart rate responses (HRpeak, HRmean), blood lactate (3-min after the test), and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE); additionally, feeling scale scores were recorded. Listening to preferred music during running resulted in significant TDC (Delta up arrow 10%, p=0.006, ES=0.80) and MRS6 (Delta up arrow 14%, p=0.012, ES=1.02) improvement during the 6-MT, improvement was also noted for the warm-up with music condition (TDC:Delta up arrow 8%, p=0.028, ES=0.63; MRS6:Delta up arrow 8%, p=0.032, ES=0.61). A similar reverse "J-shaped" pacing profile was detected during the three conditions. Blood lactate was lower in the MDT condition by 8% (p=0.01, ES=1.10), but not the MDW condition, compared to MW. In addition, no statistically significant differences were found between the test sessions for the HR, RPE, and feeling scale scores. In conclusion, listening to music during exercise testing would be more beneficial for optimal TDC and MRS6 performances compared to MDW and WM.
KW  - rating of perceived exertion
KW  - work-rate distribution
KW  - blood lactate;
KW  - aerobic exercise
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2022-0038
SN  - 1640-5544
SN  - 1899-7562
VL  - 82
IS  - 1
SP  - 123
EP  - 133
PB  - Academy of Physical Education
CY  - Katowice
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Reil, Daniela
A1  - Rosenfeld, Ulrike
A1  - Imholt, Christian
A1  - Schmidt, Sabrina
A1  - Ulrich, Rainer G.
A1  - Eccard, Jana
A1  - Jacob, Jens
T1  - Puumala hantavirus infections in bank vole populations
BT  - host and virus dynamics in Central Europe
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Background

In Europe, bank voles (Myodes glareolus) are widely distributed and can transmit Puumala virus (PUUV) to humans, which causes a mild to moderate form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, called nephropathia epidemica. Uncovering the link between host and virus dynamics can help to prevent human PUUV infections in the future. Bank voles were live trapped three times a year in 2010–2013 in three woodland plots in each of four regions in Germany. Bank vole population density was estimated and blood samples collected to detect PUUV specific antibodies.

Results

We demonstrated that fluctuation of PUUV seroprevalence is dependent not only on multi-annual but also on seasonal dynamics of rodent host abundance. Moreover, PUUV infection might affect host fitness, because seropositive individuals survived better from spring to summer than uninfected bank voles. Individual space use was independent of PUUV infections.

Conclusions

Our study provides robust estimations of relevant patterns and processes of the dynamics of PUUV and its rodent host in Central Europe, which are highly important for the future development of predictive models for human hantavirus infection risk.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 957 
KW  - Myodes glareolus
KW  - population dynamics
KW  - Puumala virus seroprevalence
KW  - space use
KW  - survival
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431232
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 957
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Philipowski, Katharina
ED  - Philipowski, Katharina
T1  - Medieval Forms of First-Person Narration I
BT  - a Potentially Universal Format (Villa Vigoni Talks I)
T2  - Beiträge zur mediävistischen Erzählforschung
N2  - In many European vernacular literatures in the 13th and 16th centuries, texts with remarkable congruities clearly emerge. They are allegorical, their subject is worldly love, and they use the first person as their narrative form. The most popular would be the French ›Roman de la Rose‹, the Italian ›Vita Nuova‹ by Dante or the Spanish ›Libro de buen amor‹. German examples are the ›Minnelehre‹ by Johann of Constance or the anonymous ›Minneburg‹. Until now such texts have been classified as (Dream-) allegories, as courtly love (Minne) speeches, or also as (fictional or stylized) autobiographies. As a result, they have rarely, if ever, been compared with each other. The goal of our conferences is to facilitate interdisciplinary exchanges regarding these texts, especially as concerns poetological, narrative, and allegorical dimensions.
KW  - Mediävistik
KW  - Erzählforschung
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?https://ojs.uni-oldenburg.de/ojs/index.php/bme/issue/view/13
SN  - 2568-9967
VL  - 8
IS  - Special Issue
PB  - University of Oldenburg Press
CY  - Oldenburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Philipowski, Katharina
ED  - Philipowski, Katharina
T1  - Einführende Bemerkungen zu Diskursivität und Narrativität
JF  - Medieval Forms of First-Person Narration: Narrativity and Discoursivity (Villa Vigoni Talks II)
JF  - Beiträge zur mediävistischen Erzählforschung
KW  - Mediävistik
KW  - Erzählforschung
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?https://ojs.uni-oldenburg.de/ojs/index.php/bme/article/view/222
SN  - 2568-9967
VL  - 14
IS  - Special Issue
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - University of Oldenburg Press
CY  - Oldenburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bereswill, Sarah
A1  - Gatz-Miller, Hannah
A1  - Su, Danyang
A1  - Tötzke, Christian
A1  - Kardjilov, Nikolay
A1  - Oswald, Sascha
A1  - Mayer, Klaus Ulrich
T1  - Coupling non-invasive imaging and reactive transport modeling to investigate water and oxygen dynamics in the root zone
JF  - Vadose zone journal
N2  - Oxygen (O-2) availability in soils is vital for plant growth and productivity. The transport and consumption of O-2 in the root zone is closely linked to soil moisture content, the spatial distribution of roots, as well as structure and heterogeneity of the surrounding soil. In this study, we measure three-dimensional root system architecture and the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil moisture (& theta;) and O-2 concentrations in the root zone of maize (Zea mays) via non-invasive imaging, and then construct and parameterize a reactive transport model based on the experimental data. The combination of three non-invasive imaging methods allowed for a direct comparison of simulation results with observations at high spatial and temporal resolution. In three different modeling scenarios, we investigated how the results obtained for different levels of conceptual complexity in the model were able to match measured & theta; and O-2 concentration patterns. We found that the modeling scenario that considers heterogeneous soil structure and spatial variability of hydraulic parameters (permeability, porosity, and van Genuchten & alpha; and n), better reproduced the measured & theta; and O-2 patterns relative to a simple model with a homogenous soil domain. The results from our combined imaging and modeling analysis reveal that experimental O-2 and water dynamics can be reproduced quantitatively in a reactive transport model, and that O-2 and water dynamics are best characterized when conditions unique to the specific system beyond the distribution of roots, such as soil structure and its effect on water saturation and macroscopic gas transport pathways, are considered.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20268
SN  - 1539-1663
VL  - 22
IS  - 5
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tabatabaei, Iman
A1  - Alseekh, Saleh
A1  - Shahid, Mohammad
A1  - Leniak, Ewa
A1  - Wagner, Mateusz
A1  - Mahmoudi, Henda
A1  - Thushar, Sumitha
A1  - Fernie, Alisdair R.
A1  - Murphy, Kevin M.
A1  - Schmöckel, Sandra M.
A1  - Tester, Mark
A1  - Müller-Röber, Bernd
A1  - Skirycz, Aleksandra
A1  - Balazadeh, Salma
T1  - The diversity of quinoa morphological traits and seed metabolic composition
JF  - Scientific data
N2  - Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an herbaceous annual crop of the amaranth family (Amaranthaceae). It is increasingly cultivated for its nutritious grains, which are rich in protein and essential amino acids, lipids, and minerals. Quinoa exhibits a high tolerance towards various abiotic stresses including drought and salinity, which supports its agricultural cultivation under climate change conditions. The use of quinoa grains is compromised by anti-nutritional saponins, a terpenoid class of secondary metabolites deposited in the seed coat; their removal before consumption requires extensive washing, an economically and environmentally unfavorable process; or their accumulation can be reduced through breeding. In this study, we analyzed the seed metabolomes, including amino acids, fatty acids, and saponins, from 471 quinoa cultivars, including two related species, by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. Additionally, we determined a large number of agronomic traits including biomass, flowering time, and seed yield. The results revealed considerable diversity between genotypes and provide a knowledge base for future breeding or genome editing of quinoa.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01399-y
SN  - 2052-4463
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Research
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Abujarour, Safa’a
A1  - Köster, Antonia
A1  - Krasnova, Hanna
A1  - Wiesche, Manuel
T1  - Technology as a source of power
BT  - Exploring how ICT use contributes to the social inclusion of refugees in Germany
T2  - Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
N2  - Since the beginning of the recent global refugee crisis, researchers have been tackling many of its associated aspects, investigating how we can help to alleviate this crisis, in particular, using ICTs capabilities. In our research, we investigated the use of ICT solutions by refugees to foster the social inclusion process in the host community. To tackle this topic, we conducted thirteen interviews with Syrian refugees in Germany. Our findings reveal different ICT usages by refugees and how these contribute to feeling empowered. Moreover, we show the sources of empowerment for refugees that are gained by ICT use. Finally, we identified the two types of social inclusion benefits that were derived from empowerment sources. Our results provide practical implications to different stakeholders and decision-makers on how ICT usage can empower refugees, which can foster the social inclusion of refugees, and what should be considered to support them in their integration effort.
KW  - culture, identity, and inclusion
KW  - empowerment
KW  - ict
KW  - refugees
KW  - social inclusion
KW  - technology
Y1  - 2021
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/10125/70936
SN  - 978-0-9981331-4-0
U6  - https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2021.322
SN  - 2572-6862
SP  - 2637
EP  - 2646
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mattern, Maximilian
A1  - Reppert, Alexander von
A1  - Zeuschner, Steffen Peer
A1  - Herzog, Marc
A1  - Pudell, Jan-Etienne
A1  - Bargheer, Matias
T1  - Concepts and use cases for picosecond ultrasonics with x-rays
JF  - Photoacoustics
N2  - This review discusses picosecond ultrasonics experiments using ultrashort hard x-ray probe pulses to extract the transient strain response of laser-excited nanoscopic structures from Bragg-peak shifts. This method provides direct, layer-specific, and quantitative information on the picosecond strain response for structures down to few-nm thickness. We model the transient strain using the elastic wave equation and express the driving stress using Gruneisen parameters stating that the laser-induced stress is proportional to energy density changes in the microscopic subsystems of the solid, i.e., electrons, phonons and spins. The laser-driven strain response can thus serve as an ultrafast proxy for local energy-density and temperature changes, but we emphasize the importance of the nanoscale morphology for an accurate interpretation due to the Poisson effect. The presented experimental use cases encompass ultrathin and opaque metal-heterostructures, continuous and granular nanolayers as well as negative thermal expansion materials, that each pose a challenge to established all-optical techniques.
KW  - Picosecond ultrasonics
KW  - Ultrafast x-ray diffraction
KW  - Ultrafast x-ray
KW  - scattering
KW  - Ultrafast photoacoustics
KW  - Nanoscale heat transfer
KW  - Negative
KW  - thermal expansion
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100503
SN  - 2213-5979
VL  - 31
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Abendroth, Adrian
A1  - Bender, Benedict
A1  - Gronau, Norbert
T1  - The evolution of original ERP customization
BT  - a systematic literature review of technical possibilities
T2  - Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems
N2  - Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system customization is often necessary because companies have unique processes that provide their competitive advantage. Despite new technological advances such as cloud computing or model-driven development, technical ERP customization options are either outdated or ambiguously formulated in the scientific literature. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) that analyzes 137 definitions from 26 papers, the result is an analysis and aggregation of technical customization types by providing clearance and aligning with future organizational needs. The results show a shift from ERP code modification in on-premises systems to interface and integration customization in cloud ERP systems, as well as emerging technological opportunities as a way for customers and key users to perform system customization. The study contributes by providing a clear understanding of given customization types and assisting ERP users and vendors in making customization decisions.
KW  - Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System
KW  - Customization
KW  - Modification
KW  - Tailoring
KW  - Literature Review
Y1  - 2024
SN  - 978-989-758-692-7
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5220/0012305500003690
SN  - 2184-4992
VL  - 1
SP  - 17
EP  - 27
PB  - SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications
CY  - Setúbal
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vilk, Ohad
A1  - Aghion, Erez
A1  - Avgar, Tal
A1  - Beta, Carsten
A1  - Nagel, Oliver
A1  - Sabri, Adal
A1  - Sarfati, Raphael
A1  - Schwartz, Daniel K.
A1  - Weiß, Matthias
A1  - Krapf, Diego
A1  - Nathan, Ran
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Assaf, Michael
T1  - Unravelling the origins of anomalous diffusion
BT  - from molecules to migrating storks
JF  - Physical review research / American Physical Society
N2  - Anomalous diffusion or, more generally, anomalous transport, with nonlinear dependence of the mean-squared displacement on the measurement time, is ubiquitous in nature. It has been observed in processes ranging from microscopic movement of molecules to macroscopic, large-scale paths of migrating birds. Using data from multiple empirical systems, spanning 12 orders of magnitude in length and 8 orders of magnitude in time, we employ a method to detect the individual underlying origins of anomalous diffusion and transport in the data. This method decomposes anomalous transport into three primary effects: long-range correlations (“Joseph effect”), fat-tailed probability density of increments (“Noah effect”), and nonstationarity (“Moses effect”). We show that such a decomposition of real-life data allows us to infer nontrivial behavioral predictions and to resolve open questions in the fields of single-particle tracking in living cells and movement ecology.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.033055
SN  - 2643-1564
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park, MD
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Paoli, Antonio
A1  - Moro, Tatiana
A1  - Lorenzetti, Silvio
A1  - Seiler, Jan
A1  - Lüthy, Fabian
A1  - Gross, Micah
A1  - Roggio, Federico
A1  - Chaabene, Helmi
A1  - Musumeci, Giuseppe
T1  - The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series
BT  - Resistance Training
T2  - Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
N2  - We are glad to introduce the Second Journal Club of Volume Five, Second Issue. This edition is focused on relevant studies published in the last few years in the field of resistance training, chosen by our Editorial Board members and their colleagues. We hope to stimulate your curiosity in this field and to share with you the passion for the sport, seen also from the scientific point of view. The Editorial Board members wish you an inspiring lecture.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5020025
SN  - 2411-5142
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Bilgen, Isa
T1  - Freiheit und Nachhaltigkeit im Verfassungswandel
T2  - Verfassungsblog : on matters constitutional
N2  - Mit dem Klima wandelt sich auch notwendig die offene Gesellschaft. Und mit ihr wandelt sich wiederum auch die Verfassung(-sinterpretation). Periodisch wiederkehrende Gesundheits- und Sicherheitskrisen fordern eine dynamische Reaktion des Grundgesetzes auf mit ihnen einhergehende Probleme. In andauernden Krisen wie der Umweltkrise muss die Verfassung gleichzeitig in vielerlei Hinsicht nachhaltig sein. Dabei muss das, was wir unter Freiheit, Klima‑, Umwelt- oder Tierschutz verstehen, immer im Wandel bleiben.
Y1  - 2023
UR  - https://verfassungsblog.de/freiheit-und-nachhaltigkeit-im-verfassungswandel/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.17176/20230617-231023-0
SN  - 2366-7044
PB  - Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mattern, Maximilian
A1  - Pudell, Jan-Etienne
A1  - Dumesnil, Karine
A1  - Reppert, Alexander von
A1  - Bargheer, Matias
T1  - Towards shaping picosecond strain pulses via magnetostrictive transducers
JF  - Photoacoustics
N2  - Using time-resolved x-ray diffraction, we demonstrate the manipulation of the picosecond strain response of a metallic heterostructure consisting of a dysprosium (Dy) transducer and a niobium (Nb) detection layer by an external magnetic field. We utilize the first-order ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic phase transition of the Dy layer, which provides an additional large contractive stress upon laser excitation compared to its zerofield response. This enhances the laser-induced contraction of the transducer and changes the shape of the picosecond strain pulses driven in Dy and detected within the buried Nb layer. Based on our experiment with rare-earth metals we discuss required properties for functional transducers, which may allow for novel field-control of the emitted picosecond strain pulses.
KW  - picosecond ultrasonics
KW  - magnetostriction
KW  - ultrafast x-ray diffraction
KW  - ultrafast photoacoustics
KW  - nanoscale heat transfer
KW  - negative thermal expansion
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100463
SN  - 2213-5979
VL  - 30
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Lemke, Tristan
T1  - Keine Reform für die Zukunft
T2  - Verfassungsblog : on matters constitutional
N2  - Am 1. Januar 2021 trat die jüngste Reform des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes (EEG) in Kraft. Sie führte mit der finanziellen Beteiligung der Gemeinden an den Erträgen der Windenergie klammheimlich eine verfassungswidrige Abgabe ein: Durch das Zusammenspiel des neuen § 36k EEG 2021 mit der altbekannten EEG-Umlage fließt eine bei den Strom-Endverbrauchern erhobene Abgabe in die kommunalen Haushalte. Das kann auf keine Gesetzgebungskompetenz gestützt werden. Darüber hinaus führt die Deckelung der EEG-Umlage in den Jahren 2021 und 2022 in Verbindung mit § 36k EEG 2021 dazu, dass in verfassungswidriger Weise Bundesmittel den Gemeinden zur freien Verfügung gestellt werden.
KW  - Abgabe
KW  - Umlage
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.17176/20210130-222740-0
SN  - 2366-7044
PB  - Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heissel, Andreas
A1  - Sanchez, Alba
A1  - Pietrek, Anou F.
A1  - Bergau, Theresa
A1  - Stielow, Christiane
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Van der Kaap-Deeder, Jolene
T1  - Validating the German Short Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale in Individuals with Depression
JF  - Healthcare
N2  - Satisfaction and frustration of the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, as assessed with the 24-item Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS), have been found to be crucial indicators of individuals’ psychological health. To increase the usability of this scale within a clinical and health services research context, we aimed to validate a German short version (12 items) of this scale in individuals with depression including the examination of the relations from need frustration and need satisfaction to ill-being and quality of life (QOL). This cross-sectional study involved 344 adults diagnosed with depression (Mage (SD) = 47.5 years (11.1); 71.8% females). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the short version of the BPNSFS was not only reliable, but also fitted a six-factor structure (i.e., satisfaction/frustration X type of need). Subsequent structural equation modeling showed that need frustration related positively to indicators of ill-being and negatively to QOL. Surprisingly, need satisfaction did not predict differences in ill-being or QOL. The short form of the BPNSFS represents a practical instrument to measure need satisfaction and frustration in people with depression. Further, the results support recent evidence on the importance of especially need frustration in the prediction of psychopathology.
KW  - basic psychological need frustration
KW  - need satisfaction
KW  - mental health
KW  - ill-being
KW  - depression
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030412
SN  - 2227-9032
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wyckmans, Florent
A1  - Otto, A. Ross
A1  - Sebold, Miriam
A1  - Daw, Nathaniel
A1  - Bechara, Antoine
A1  - Saeremans, Mélanie
A1  - Kornreich, Charles
A1  - Chatard, Armand
A1  - Jaafari, Nemat
A1  - Noël, Xavier
T1  - Reduced model-based decision-making in gambling disorder
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - Compulsive behaviors (e.g., addiction) can be viewed as an aberrant decision process where inflexible reactions automatically evoked by stimuli (habit) take control over decision making to the detriment of a more flexible (goal-oriented) behavioral learning system. These behaviors are thought to arise from learning algorithms known as "model-based" and "model-free" reinforcement learning. Gambling disorder, a form of addiction without the confound of neurotoxic effects of drugs, showed impaired goal-directed control but the way in which problem gamblers (PG) orchestrate model-based and model-free strategies has not been evaluated. Forty-nine PG and 33 healthy participants (CP) completed a two-step sequential choice task for which model-based and model-free learning have distinct and identifiable trial-by-trial learning signatures. The influence of common psychopathological comorbidities on those two forms of learning were investigated. PG showed impaired model-based learning, particularly after unrewarded outcomes. In addition, PG exhibited faster reaction times than CP following unrewarded decisions. Troubled mood, higher impulsivity (i.e., positive and negative urgency) and current and chronic stress reported via questionnaires did not account for those results. These findings demonstrate specific reinforcement learning and decision-making deficits in behavioral addiction that advances our understanding and may be important dimensions for designing effective interventions.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56161-z
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 9
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kaminski, Jakob A.
A1  - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Awasthi, Swapnil
A1  - Ruggeri, Barbara
A1  - Deserno, Lorenz
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Bokde, Arun L. W.
A1  - Bromberg, Uli
A1  - Büchel, Christian
A1  - Quinlan, Erin Burke
A1  - Desrivieres, Sylvane
A1  - Flor, Herta
A1  - Frouin, Vincent
A1  - Garavan, Hugh
A1  - Gowland, Penny
A1  - Ittermann, Bernd
A1  - Martinot, Jean-Luc
A1  - Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere
A1  - Nees, Frauke
A1  - Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos
A1  - Paus, Tomas
A1  - Poustka, Luise
A1  - Smolka, Michael N.
A1  - Fröhner, Juliane H.
A1  - Walter, Henrik
A1  - Whelan, Robert
A1  - Ripke, Stephan
A1  - Schumann, Gunter
A1  - Heinz, Andreas
T1  - Epigenetic variance in dopamine D2 receptor
BT  - a marker of IQ malleability?
JF  - Translational Psychiatry
N2  - Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to cognitive test performance. A substantial increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century within one generation is unlikely to be explained by genetic changes. One possible explanation for the strong malleability of cognitive performance measure is that environmental factors modify gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic factors may help to understand the recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events. The possible manifestation of malleable biomarkers contributing to variance in cognitive test performance, and thus possibly contributing to the "missing heritability" between estimates from twin studies and variance explained by genetic markers, is still unclear. Here we show in 1475 healthy adolescents from the IMaging and GENetics (IMAGEN) sample that general IQ (gIQ) is associated with (1) polygenic scores for intelligence, (2) epigenetic modification of DRD2 gene, (3) gray matter density in striatum, and (4) functional striatal activation elicited by temporarily surprising reward-predicting cues. Comparing the relative importance for the prediction of gIQ in an overlapping subsample, our results demonstrate neurobiological correlates of the malleability of gIQ and point to equal importance of genetic variance, epigenetic modification of DRD2 receptor gene, as well as functional striatal activation, known to influence dopamine neurotransmission. Peripheral epigenetic markers are in need of confirmation in the central nervous system and should be tested in longitudinal settings specifically assessing individual and environmental factors that modify epigenetic structure.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-018-0222-7
SN  - 2158-3188
VL  - 8
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herold, Fabian
A1  - Theobald, Paula
A1  - Gronwald, Thomas
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Müller, Notger Germar
T1  - Going digital – a commentary on the terminology used at the intersection of physical activity and digital health
JF  - European review of aging and physical activity
N2  - In recent years digital technologies have become a major means for providing health-related services and this trend was strongly reinforced by the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As it is well-known that regular physical activity has positive effects on individual physical and mental health and thus is an important prerequisite for healthy aging, digital technologies are also increasingly used to promote unstructured and structured forms of physical activity. However, in the course of this development, several terms (e.g., Digital Health, Electronic Health, Mobile Health, Telehealth, Telemedicine, and Telerehabilitation) have been introduced to refer to the application of digital technologies to provide health-related services such as physical interventions. Unfortunately, the above-mentioned terms are often used in several different ways, but also relatively interchangeably. Given that ambiguous terminology is a major source of difficulty in scientific communication which can impede the progress of theoretical and empirical research, this article aims to make the reader aware of the subtle differences between the relevant terms which are applied at the intersection of physical activity and Digital Health and to provide state-of-art definitions for them.
KW  - Digital Health
KW  - Electronic Health
KW  - Mobile Health
KW  - Telehealth
KW  - Telemedicine
KW  - Physical activity
KW  - Physical training
KW  - Aging
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-022-00296-y
SN  - 1861-6909
VL  - 19
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heißel, Andreas
A1  - Bollmann, Julian
A1  - Kangas, Maria
A1  - Abdulla, K
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Sánchez Fernàndez, Alba Cristina
T1  - Validation of the German version of the work and social adjustment scale in a sample of depressed patients
JF  - BMC health services research
N2  - Background
Depression is one of the key factors contributing to difficulties in one’s ability to work, and serves as one of the major reasons why employees apply for psychotherapy and receive insurance subsidization of treatments. Hence, an increasing and growing number of studies rely on workability assessment scales as their primary outcome measure. The Work and Social Assessment Scale (WSAS) has been documented as one of the most psychometrically reliable and valid tools especially developed to assess workability and social functioning in patients with mental health problems. Yet, the application of the WSAS in Germany has been limited due to the paucity of a valid questionnaire in the German language. The objective of the present study was to translate the WSAS, as a brief and easy administrable tool into German and test its psychometric properties in a sample of adults with depression.

Methods
Two hundred seventy-seven patients (M = 48.3 years, SD = 11.1) with mild to moderately severe depression were recruited. A multistep translation from English into the German language was performed and the factorial validity, criterion validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency, and floor and ceiling effects were examined.

Results
The confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed the one-factor structure of the WSAS. Significant correlations with the WHODAS 2–0 questionnaire, a measure of functionality, demonstrated good convergent validity. Significant correlations with depression and quality of life demonstrated good criterion validity. The WSAS also demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = .89), and the absence of floor and ceiling effects indicated good sensitivity of the instrument.

Conclusions
The results of the present study demonstrated that the German version of the WSAS has good psychometric properties comparable to other international versions of this scale. The findings recommend a global assessment of psychosocial functioning with the sum score of the WSAS.
KW  - Workability
KW  - Social functioning
KW  - Depression
KW  - Psychometric evaluation
KW  - Translation
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06622-x
SN  - 1472-6963
VL  - 21
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto
A1  - Schuch, Felipe Barreto
A1  - Zech, Philipp
A1  - Kangas, Maria
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Heißel, Andreas
T1  - Recreational exercising and self-reported cardiometabolic diseases in German people living with HIV
BT  - A cross-sectional study
JF  - International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH / Molecular Diversity Preservation International
N2  - Exercise is known for its beneficial effects on preventing cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) in the general population. People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are prone to sedentarism, thus raising their already elevated risk of developing CMDs in comparison to individuals without HIV. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine if exercise is associated with reduced risk of self-reported CMDs in a German HIV-positive sample (n = 446). Participants completed a self-report survey to assess exercise levels, date of HIV diagnosis, CD4 cell count, antiretroviral therapy, and CMDs. Participants were classified into exercising or sedentary conditions. Generalized linear models with Poisson regression were conducted to assess the prevalence ratio (PR) of PLWH reporting a CMD. Exercising PLWH were less likely to report a heart arrhythmia for every increase in exercise duration (PR: 0.20: 95% CI: 0.10–0.62, p < 0.01) and diabetes mellitus for every increase in exercise session per week (PR: 0.40: 95% CI: 0.10–1, p < 0.01). Exercise frequency and duration are associated with a decreased risk of reporting arrhythmia and diabetes mellitus in PLWH. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying exercise as a protective factor for CMDs in PLWH.
KW  - HIV
KW  - exercise
KW  - cardiovascular diseases
KW  - metabolic disease
KW  - sedentary
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111579
SN  - 1660-4601
VL  - 18
IS  - 21
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gellert, Paul
A1  - Häusler, Andreas
A1  - Suhr, Ralf
A1  - Gholami, Maryam
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Kuhlmey, Adelheid
A1  - Nordheim, Johanna
T1  - Testing the stress-buffering hypothesis of social support in couples coping with early-stage dementia
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Purpose:
To test whether the negative relationship between perceived stress and quality of life (Hypothesis 1) can be buffered by perceived social support in patients with dementia as well as in caregivers individually (Hypothesis 2: actor effects) and across partners (Hypothesis 3: partner effects and actor-partner effects).

Method:
A total of 108 couples (N = 216 individuals) comprised of one individual with early-stage dementia and one caregiving partner were assessed at baseline and one month apart. Moderation effects were investigated by applying linear mixed models and actor-partner interdependence models.

Results:
Although the stress-quality of life association was more pronounced in caregivers (beta = -.63, p<.001) compared to patients (beta= -.31, p<.001), this association was equally moderated by social support in patients (beta = .14, p<.05) and in the caregivers (beta =.13, p<.05). From one partner to his or her counterpart, the partner buffering and actor-partner-buffering effect were not present. 

Conclusion:
The stress-buffering effect has been replicated in individuals with dementia and caregivers but not across partners. Interventions to improve quality of life through perceived social support should not only focus on caregivers, but should incorporate both partners.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189849
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinz, Andreas
A1  - Kiefer, Falk
A1  - Smolka, Michael N.
A1  - Endrass, Tanja
A1  - Beste, Christian
A1  - Beck, Anne
A1  - Liu, Shuyan
A1  - Genauck, Alexander
A1  - Romund, Lydia
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Tost, Heike
A1  - Spanagel, Rainer
T1  - Addiction research consortium: losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) - from trajectories to mechanisms and interventions
JF  - Addiction Biology
N2  - One of the major risk factors for global death and disability is alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. While there is increasing knowledge with respect to individual factors promoting the initiation and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUDs), disease trajectories involved in losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) are still not well described. Our newly formed German Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) on ReCoDe has an interdisciplinary approach funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) with a 12-year perspective. The main goals of our research consortium are (i) to identify triggers and modifying factors that longitudinally modulate the trajectories of losing and regaining control over drug consumption in real life, (ii) to study underlying behavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological mechanisms, and (iii) to implicate mechanism-based interventions. These goals will be achieved by: (i) using mobile health (m-health) tools to longitudinally monitor the effects of triggers (drug cues, stressors, and priming doses) and modify factors (eg, age, gender, physical activity, and cognitive control) on drug consumption patterns in real-life conditions and in animal models of addiction; (ii) the identification and computational modeling of key mechanisms mediating the effects of such triggers and modifying factors on goal-directed, habitual, and compulsive aspects of behavior from human studies and animal models; and (iii) developing and testing interventions that specifically target the underlying mechanisms for regaining control over drug intake.
KW  - addiction
KW  - alternative rewards
KW  - animal and computational models
KW  - cognitive-behavioral control
KW  - craving and relapse
KW  - habit formation
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - New Jersey
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schraplau, Anne
A1  - Block, Andrea
A1  - Häusler, Andreas
A1  - Wippert, Pia-Maria
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Völler, Heinz
A1  - Bonaventura, Klaus
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - Mobile diagnostics and consultation for the prevention of the metabolic syndrome and its secondary diseases in Brandenburg—study protocol of a regional prospective cohort study
BT  - the Mobile Brandenburg Cohort
JF  - Pilot and Feasibility Studies
N2  - Background
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk cluster for a number of secondary diseases. The implementation of prevention programs requires early detection of individuals at risk. However, access to health care providers is limited in structurally weak regions. Brandenburg, a rural federal state in Germany, has an especially high MetS prevalence and disease burden. This study aims to validate and test the feasibility of a setup for mobile diagnostics of MetS and its secondary diseases, to evaluate the MetS prevalence and its association with moderating factors in Brandenburg and to identify new ways of early prevention, while establishing a “Mobile Brandenburg Cohort” to reveal new causes and risk factors for MetS.

Methods
In a pilot study, setups for mobile diagnostics of MetS and secondary diseases will be developed and validated. A van will be equipped as an examination room using point-of-care blood analyzers and by mobilizing standard methods. In study part A, these mobile diagnostic units will be placed at different locations in Brandenburg to locally recruit 5000 participants aged 40-70 years. They will be examined for MetS and advice on nutrition and physical activity will be provided. Questionnaires will be used to evaluate sociodemographics, stress perception, and physical activity. In study part B, participants with MetS, but without known secondary diseases, will receive a detailed mobile medical examination, including MetS diagnostics, medical history, clinical examinations, and instrumental diagnostics for internal, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and cognitive disorders. Participants will receive advice on nutrition and an exercise program will be demonstrated on site. People unable to participate in these mobile examinations will be interviewed by telephone. If necessary, participants will be referred to general practitioners for further diagnosis.

Discussion
The mobile diagnostics approach enables early detection of individuals at risk, and their targeted referral to local health care providers. Evaluation of the MetS prevalence, its relation to risk-increasing factors, and the “Mobile Brandenburg Cohort” create a unique database for further longitudinal studies on the implementation of home-based prevention programs to reduce mortality, especially in rural regions.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00022764; registered 07 October 2020—retrospectively registered.
KW  - Metabolic syndrome
KW  - Mobile diagnostics
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Physical activity
KW  - Rural health
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-021-00898-w
SN  - 2055-5784
VL  - 7
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - BioMed Central (Springer Nature)
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heissel, Andreas
A1  - Pietrek, Anou F.
A1  - Schwefel, Melanie
A1  - Abula, Kahar
A1  - Wilbertz, Gregor
A1  - Heinzel, Stephan
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
T1  - STEP.De study
BT  - a multicentre cluster-randomised effectiveness trial of exercise therapy for patients with depressive symptoms in healthcare services : study protocol
JF  - BMJ open
N2  - Introduction Although exercise therapy has widely been shown to be an efficacious treatment modality for depression, evidence for its effectiveness and cost efficiency is lacking. The Sport/Exercise Therapy for Depression study is a multicentre cluster-randomised effectiveness trial that aims to compare the effectiveness and cost efficiency of exercise therapy and psychotherapy as antidepressant treatment. <br /> Methods and analysis 480 patients (aged 18-65) with an International Classification of Diseases diagnosis associated with depressive symptoms are recruited. Up to 30 clusters (psychotherapists) are randomly assigned to allocate patients to either an exercise or a psychotherapy treatment as usual in a 2: 1 ratio. The primary outcome (depressive symptoms) and the secondary outcomes (work and social adjustment, quality of life) will be assessed at six measurement time points (t0: baseline, t1: 8 weeks after treatment initiation, t2: 16 weeks after treatment initiation, t3/ 4/5: 2, 6, 12 months after treatment). Linear regression analyses will be used for the primary endpoint data analysis. For the secondary endpoints, mixed linear and logistic regression models with fixed and random factors will be added. For the cost efficiency analysis, expenditures in the 12 months before and after the intervention and the outcome difference will be compared between groups in a multilevel model. Recruitment start date was 1 July 2018 and the planned recruitment end date is 31 December 2020. <br /> Ethics and dissemination The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Potsdam (No. 17/2018) and the Freie Universitat Berlin (No. 206/2018) and registered in the ISRCTN registry. Informed written consent will be obtained from all participants. The study will be reported in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and the Recommendations for Interventional Trials statements. The results will be published in peer-reviewed academic journals and disseminated to the public.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036287
SN  - 2044-6055
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schulze, Susanne
A1  - Merz, Sibille
A1  - Thier, Anne
A1  - Tallarek, Marie
A1  - König, Franziska
A1  - Uhlenbrock, Greta
A1  - Nübling, Matthias
A1  - Lincke, Hans-Joachim
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Spallek, Jacob
A1  - Holmberg, Christine
T1  - Psychosocial burden in nurses working in nursing homes during the Covid-19 pandemic
BT  - a cross-sectional study with quantitative and qualitative data
JF  - BMC health services research
N2  - Background The Covid-19 pandemic led to increased work-related strain and psychosocial burden in nurses worldwide, resulting in high prevalences of mental health problems. Nurses in long-term care facilities seem to be especially affected by the pandemic. Nevertheless, there are few findings indicating possible positive changes for health care workers. Therefore, we investigated which psychosocial burdens and potential positive aspects nurses working in long-term care facilities experience during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods study among nurses and nursing assistants working in nursing homes in Germany. The survey contained the third German version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III). Using Welch's t-tests, we compared the COPSOQ results of our sample against a pre-pandemic reference group of geriatric nurses from Germany. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with geriatric nurses with a special focus on psychosocial stress, to reach a deeper understanding of their experiences on work-related changes and burdens during the pandemic. Data were analysed using thematic coding (Braun and Clarke). Results Our survey sample (n = 177) differed significantly from the pre-pandemic reference group in 14 out of 31 COPSOQ scales. Almost all of these differences indicated negative changes. Our sample scored significantly worse regarding the scales 'quantitative demands', 'hiding emotions', 'work-privacy conflicts', 'role conflicts', 'quality of leadership', 'support at work', 'recognition', 'physical demands', 'intention to leave profession', 'burnout', 'presenteeism' and 'inability to relax'. The interviews (n = 15) revealed six main themes related to nurses' psychosocial stress: 'overall working conditions', 'concern for residents', 'management of relatives', 'inability to provide terminal care', 'tensions between being infected and infecting others' and 'technicisation of care'. 'Enhanced community cohesion' (interviews), 'meaning of work' and 'quantity of social relations' (COPSOQ III) were identified as positive effects of the pandemic. Conclusions Results clearly illustrate an aggravation of geriatric nurses' situation and psychosocial burden and only few positive changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Pre-existing hardships seem to have further deteriorated and new stressors added to nurses' strain. The perceived erosion of care, due to an overemphasis of the technical in relation to the social and emotional dimensions of care, seems to be especially burdensome to geriatric nurses.
KW  - COPSOQ
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing home
KW  - Psychosocial burden
KW  - Mixed-methods study
KW  - Covid-19
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08333-3
SN  - 1472-6963
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
PB  - BMC
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ye, Fangyuan
A1  - Zhang, Shuo
A1  - Warby, Jonathan
A1  - Wu, Jiawei
A1  - Gutierrez-Partida, Emilio
A1  - Lang, Felix
A1  - Shah, Sahil
A1  - Saglamkaya, Elifnaz
A1  - Sun, Bowen
A1  - Zu, Fengshuo
A1  - Shoaee, Safa
A1  - Wang, Haifeng
A1  - Stiller, Burkhard
A1  - Neher, Dieter
A1  - Zhu, Wei-Hong
A1  - Stolterfoht, Martin
A1  - Wu, Yongzhen
T1  - Overcoming C-60-induced interfacial recombination in inverted perovskite solar cells by electron-transporting carborane
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Inverted perovskite solar cells still suffer from significant non-radiative recombination losses at the perovskite surface and across the perovskite/C-60 interface, limiting the future development of perovskite-based single- and multi-junction photovoltaics. Therefore, more effective inter- or transport layers are urgently required. To tackle these recombination losses, we introduce ortho-carborane as an interlayer material that has a spherical molecular structure and a three-dimensional aromaticity. Based on a variety of experimental techniques, we show that ortho-carborane decorated with phenylamino groups effectively passivates the perovskite surface and essentially eliminates the non-radiative recombination loss across the perovskite/C-60 interface with high thermal stability. We further demonstrate the potential of carborane as an electron transport material, facilitating electron extraction while blocking holes from the interface. The resulting inverted perovskite solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of over 23% with a low non-radiative voltage loss of 110mV, and retain >97% of the initial efficiency after 400h of maximum power point tracking. Overall, the designed carborane based interlayer simultaneously enables passivation, electron-transport and hole-blocking and paves the way toward more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Effective transport layers are essential to suppress non-radiative recombination losses. Here, the authors introduce phenylamino-functionalized ortho-carborane as an interfacial layer, and realise inverted perovskite solar cells with efficiency of over 23% and operational stability of T97=400h.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34203-x
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förstner, Bernd Rainer
A1  - Böttger, Sarah Jane
A1  - Moldavski, Alexander
A1  - Bajbouj, Malek
A1  - Pfennig, Andrea
A1  - Manook, Andre
A1  - Ising, Marcus
A1  - Pittig, Andre
A1  - Heinig, Ingmar
A1  - Heinz, Andreas
A1  - Mathiak, Klaus
A1  - Schulze, Thomas G.
A1  - Schneider, Frank
A1  - Kamp-Becker, Inge
A1  - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1  - Padberg, Frank
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Bauer, Michael
A1  - Rupprecht, Rainer
A1  - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Tschorn, Mira
T1  - The associations of positive and negative valence systems, cognitive systems and social processes on disease severity in anxiety and depressive disorders
JF  - Frontiers in psychiatry
N2  - Background   Anxiety and depressive disorders share common features of mood dysfunctions. This has stimulated interest in transdiagnostic dimensional research as proposed by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) aiming to improve the understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the processing of RDoC domains in relation to disease severity in order to identify latent disorder-specific as well as transdiagnostic indicators of disease severity in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders. 

Methods   Within the German research network for mental disorders, 895 participants (n = 476 female, n = 602 anxiety disorder, n = 257 depressive disorder) were recruited for the Phenotypic, Diagnostic and Clinical Domain Assessment Network Germany (PD-CAN) and included in this cross-sectional study. We performed incremental regression models to investigate the association of four RDoC domains on disease severity in patients with affective disorders: Positive (PVS) and Negative Valance System (NVS), Cognitive Systems (CS) and Social Processes (SP). 

Results   The results confirmed a transdiagnostic relationship for all four domains, as we found significant main effects on disease severity within domain-specific models (PVS: & beta; = -0.35; NVS: & beta; = 0.39; CS: & beta; = -0.12; SP: & beta; = -0.32). We also found three significant interaction effects with main diagnosis showing a disease-specific association. 

Limitations   The cross-sectional study design prevents causal conclusions. Further limitations include possible outliers and heteroskedasticity in all regression models which we appropriately controlled for. 

Conclusion   Our key results show that symptom burden in anxiety and depressive disorders is associated with latent RDoC indicators in transdiagnostic and disease-specific ways.
KW  - Research Domain Criteria
KW  - depression
KW  - anxiety disoders
KW  - disease severity
KW  - transdiagnostic
KW  - RDoC
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1161097
SN  - 1664-0640
VL  - 14
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wuertz-Kozak, Karin
A1  - Roszkowski, Martin
A1  - Cambria, Elena
A1  - Block, Andrea
A1  - Kuhn, Gisela A.
A1  - Abele, Thea
A1  - Hitzl, Wolfgang
A1  - Drießlein, David
A1  - Müller, Ralph
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Mansuy, Isabelle M.
A1  - Peters, Eva M. J.
A1  - Wippert, Pia-Maria
T1  - Effects of Early Life Stress on Bone Homeostasis in Mice and Humans
JF  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
N2  - Bone pathology is frequent in stressed individuals. A comprehensive examination of mechanisms linking life stress, depression and disturbed bone homeostasis is missing. In this translational study, mice exposed to early life stress (MSUS) were examined for bone microarchitecture (μCT), metabolism (qPCR/ELISA), and neuronal stress mediator expression (qPCR) and compared with a sample of depressive patients with or without early life stress by analyzing bone mineral density (BMD) (DXA) and metabolic changes in serum (osteocalcin, PINP, CTX-I). MSUS mice showed a significant decrease in NGF, NPYR1, VIPR1 and TACR1 expression, higher innervation density in bone, and increased serum levels of CTX-I, suggesting a milieu in favor of catabolic bone turnover. MSUS mice had a significantly lower body weight compared to control mice, and this caused minor effects on bone microarchitecture. Depressive patients with experiences of childhood neglect also showed a catabolic pattern. A significant reduction in BMD was observed in depressive patients with childhood abuse and stressful life events during childhood. Therefore, future studies on prevention and treatment strategies for both mental and bone disease should consider early life stress as a risk factor for bone pathologies.
KW  - psychosocial stress
KW  - bone pathologies
KW  - osteoporosis
KW  - bone mineral density
KW  - childhood
KW  - neuroendocrine
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186634
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 21
IS  - 18
PB  - Molecular Diversity Preservation International
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heissel, Andreas
A1  - Pietrek, Anou F.
A1  - Kangas, Maria
A1  - Van der Kaap-Deeder, Jolene
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
T1  - The Mediating Role of Rumination in the Relation between Basic Psychological Need Frustration and Depressive Symptoms
JF  - Journal of Clinical Medicine
N2  - Research within the framework of Basic Psychological Need Theory (BPNT) finds strong associations between basic need frustration and depressive symptoms. This study examined the role of rumination as an underlying mechanism in the association between basic psychological need frustration and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional sample of N = 221 adults (55.2% female, mean age = 27.95, range = 18–62, SD = 10.51) completed measures assessing their level of basic psychological need frustration, rumination, and depressive symptoms. Correlational analyses and multiple mediation models were conducted. Brooding partially mediated the relation between need frustration and depressive symptoms. BPNT and Response Styles Theory are compatible and can further advance knowledge about depression vulnerabilities.
KW  - psychopathology
KW  - elf-determination theory
KW  - response styles theory
KW  - frustration
KW  - depressive disorder
KW  - emotional regulation
KW  - rumination
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020395
SN  - 2077-0383
VL  - 12
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pietrek, Anou F.
A1  - Kangas, Maria
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Heinzel, Stephan
A1  - Van der Kaap-Deeder, Jolene
A1  - Heissel, Andreas
T1  - Basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration in major depressive disorder
JF  - Frontiers in Psychiatry - Mood Disorders
N2  - Basic psychological needs theory postulates that a social environment that satisfies individuals’ three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness leads to optimal growth and well-being. On the other hand, the frustration of these needs is associated with ill-being and depressive symptoms foremost investigated in non-clinical samples; yet, there is a paucity of research on need frustration in clinical samples. Survey data were compared between adult individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 115; 48.69% female; 38.46 years, SD = 10.46) with those of a non-depressed comparison sample (n = 201; 53.23% female; 30.16 years, SD = 12.81). Need profiles were examined with a linear mixed model (LMM). Individuals with depression reported higher levels of frustration and lower levels of satisfaction in relation to the three basic psychological needs when compared to non-depressed adults. The difference between depressed and non-depressed groups was significantly larger for frustration than satisfaction regarding the needs for relatedness and competence. LMM correlation parameters confirmed the expected positive correlation between the three needs. This is the first study showing substantial differences in need-based experiences between depressed and non-depressed adults. The results confirm basic assumptions of the self-determination theory and have preliminary implications in tailoring therapy for depression.
KW  - basic need satisfaction and frustration
KW  - depressive symptoms
KW  - clinical sample
KW  - need profiles
KW  - social environment
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.962501
SN  - 1664-0640
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media S.A.
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Garbusow, Maria
A1  - Nebe, Stephan
A1  - Sommer, Christian
A1  - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören
A1  - Sebold, Miriam
A1  - Schad, Daniel
A1  - Friedel, Eva
A1  - Veer, Ilya M.
A1  - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Ripke, Stephan
A1  - Walter, Henrik
A1  - Huys, Quentin J. M.
A1  - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1  - Smolka, Michael N.
A1  - Heinz, Andreas
T1  - Pavlovian-To-Instrumental Transfer and Alcohol Consumption in Young Male Social Drinkers
BT  - Behavioral, Neural and Polygenic Correlates
JF  - Journal of Clinical Medicine
N2  - In animals and humans, behavior can be influenced by irrelevant stimuli, a phenomenon called Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT). In subjects with substance use disorder, PIT is even enhanced with functional activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and amygdala. While we observed enhanced behavioral and neural PIT effects in alcohol-dependent subjects, we here aimed to determine whether behavioral PIT is enhanced in young men with high-risk compared to low-risk drinking and subsequently related functional activation in an a-priori region of interest encompassing the NAcc and amygdala and related to polygenic risk for alcohol consumption. A representative sample of 18-year old men (n = 1937) was contacted: 445 were screened, 209 assessed: resulting in 191 valid behavioral, 139 imaging and 157 genetic datasets. None of the subjects fulfilled criteria for alcohol dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TextRevision (DSM-IV-TR). We measured how instrumental responding for rewards was influenced by background Pavlovian conditioned stimuli predicting action-independent rewards and losses. Behavioral PIT was enhanced in high-compared to low-risk drinkers (b = 0.09, SE = 0.03, z = 2.7, p < 0.009). Across all subjects, we observed PIT-related neural blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the right amygdala (t = 3.25, p(SVC) = 0.04, x = 26, y = -6, z = -12), but not in NAcc. The strength of the behavioral PIT effect was positively correlated with polygenic risk for alcohol consumption (r(s) = 0.17, p = 0.032). We conclude that behavioral PIT and polygenic risk for alcohol consumption might be a biomarker for a subclinical phenotype of risky alcohol consumption, even if no drug-related stimulus is present. The association between behavioral PIT effects and the amygdala might point to habitual processes related to out PIT task. In non-dependent young social drinkers, the amygdala rather than the NAcc is activated during PIT; possible different involvement in association with disease trajectory should be investigated in future studies.
KW  - Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer
KW  - amygdala
KW  - alcohol
KW  - polygenic risk
KW  - high risk drinkers
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081188
SN  - 2077-0383
VL  - 8
IS  - 8
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sebold, Miriam
A1  - Chen, Hao
A1  - Önal, Aleyna
A1  - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören
A1  - Mojtahedzadeh, Negin
A1  - Garbusow, Maria
A1  - Nebe, Stephan
A1  - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
A1  - Huys, Quentin J. M.
A1  - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Smolka, Michael N.
A1  - Heinz, Andreas
T1  - Stronger prejudices are associated with decreased model-based control
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Background: 
Prejudices against minorities can be understood as habitually negative evaluations that are kept in spite of evidence to the contrary. Therefore, individuals with strong prejudices might be dominated by habitual or "automatic" reactions at the expense of more controlled reactions. Computational theories suggest individual differences in the balance between habitual/model-free and deliberative/model-based decision-making.

Methods: 
127 subjects performed the two Step task and completed the blatant and subtle prejudice scale.

Results: 
By using analyses of choices and reaction times in combination with computational modeling, subjects with stronger blatant prejudices showed a shift away from model-based control. There was no association between these decision-making processes and subtle prejudices.

Conclusion: 
These results support the idea that blatant prejudices toward minorities are related to a relative dominance of habitual decision-making. This finding has important implications for developing interventions that target to change prejudices across societies.
KW  - subtle and blatant prejudice
KW  - immigrant
KW  - social behavior;
KW  - decision-making
KW  - computational modeling
KW  - reinforcement learning
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.767022
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gorupec, Natalia
A1  - Brehmer, Nataliia
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
A1  - Kraus, Sascha
T1  - Tackling uncertain future scenarios with real options
BT  - a review and research framework
JF  - The Irish journal of management
N2  - Real options are widely applied in strategic and operational decision-making, allowing for managerial flexibility in uncertaincontexts. Increased scholarly interest has led to an extensive but fragmented research landscape. We aim to measure andsystematize the research field quantitatively. To achieve this goal, we conduct bibliometric performance analyses and bibliographiccoupling analyses with an in-depth content review. The results of the performance analyses show an increasing interest in realoptions since the beginning of the 2000s and identify the most influential journals and authors. The science mappings reveal sixand seven research clusters over the last two decades. Based on an in-depth analysis of their themes, we develop a researchframework comprising antecedents, application areas, internal and external contingencies, and uncertainty resolution throughreal option valuation or reasoning. We identify several gaps in that framework, which we propose to tackle in future research.
KW  - bibliometric analysis
KW  - decision processes
KW  - real options
KW  - research framework
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2478/ijm-2022-0003
SN  - 2451-2834
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
SP  - 69
EP  - 88
PB  - Sciendo
CY  - Warsaw
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jara Muñoz, Julius
A1  - Melnick, Daniel
A1  - Li, Shaoyang
A1  - Socquet, Anne
A1  - Cortés-Aranda, Joaquín
A1  - Brill, Dominik
A1  - Strecker, Manfred
T1  - The cryptic seismic potential of the Pichilemu blind fault in Chile revealed by off-fault geomorphology
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - The first step towards assessing hazards in seismically active regions involves mapping capable faults and estimating their recurrence times. While the mapping of active faults is commonly based on distinct geologic and geomorphic features evident at the surface, mapping blind seismogenic faults is complicated by the absence of on-fault diagnostic features. Here we investigated the Pichilemu Fault in coastal Chile, unknown until it generated a Mw 7.0 earthquake in 2010. The lack of evident surface faulting suggests activity along a partly-hidden blind fault. We used off-fault deformed marine terraces to estimate a fault-slip rate of 0.52 ± 0.04 m/ka, which, when integrated with satellite geodesy suggests a 2.12 ± 0.2 ka recurrence time for Mw~7.0 normal-faulting earthquakes. We propose that extension in the Pichilemu region is associated with stress changes during megathrust earthquakes and accommodated by sporadic slip during upper-plate earthquakes, which has implications for assessing the seismic potential of cryptic faults along convergent margins and elsewhere.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30754-1
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 13
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Kuban, Robert
A1  - Rotta, Randolf
A1  - Nolte, Jörg
A1  - Chromik, Jonas
A1  - Beilharz, Jossekin Jakob
A1  - Pirl, Lukas
A1  - Friedrich, Tobias
A1  - Lenzner, Pascal
A1  - Weyand, Christopher
A1  - Juiz, Carlos
A1  - Bermejo, Belen
A1  - Sauer, Joao
A1  - Coelh, Leandro dos Santos
A1  - Najafi, Pejman
A1  - Pünter, Wenzel
A1  - Cheng, Feng
A1  - Meinel, Christoph
A1  - Sidorova, Julia
A1  - Lundberg, Lars
A1  - Vogel, Thomas
A1  - Tran, Chinh
A1  - Moser, Irene
A1  - Grunske, Lars
A1  - Elsaid, Mohamed Esameldin Mohamed
A1  - Abbas, Hazem M.
A1  - Rula, Anisa
A1  - Sejdiu, Gezim
A1  - Maurino, Andrea
A1  - Schmidt, Christopher
A1  - Hügle, Johannes
A1  - Uflacker, Matthias
A1  - Nozza, Debora
A1  - Messina, Enza
A1  - Hoorn, André van
A1  - Frank, Markus
A1  - Schulz, Henning
A1  - Alhosseini Almodarresi Yasin, Seyed Ali
A1  - Nowicki, Marek
A1  - Muite, Benson K.
A1  - Boysan, Mehmet Can
A1  - Bianchi, Federico
A1  - Cremaschi, Marco
A1  - Moussa, Rim
A1  - Abdel-Karim, Benjamin M.
A1  - Pfeuffer, Nicolas
A1  - Hinz, Oliver
A1  - Plauth, Max
A1  - Polze, Andreas
A1  - Huo, Da
A1  - Melo, Gerard de
A1  - Mendes Soares, Fábio
A1  - Oliveira, Roberto Célio Limão de
A1  - Benson, Lawrence
A1  - Paul, Fabian
A1  - Werling, Christian
A1  - Windheuser, Fabian
A1  - Stojanovic, Dragan
A1  - Djordjevic, Igor
A1  - Stojanovic, Natalija
A1  - Stojnev Ilic, Aleksandra
A1  - Weidmann, Vera
A1  - Lowitzki, Leon
A1  - Wagner, Markus
A1  - Ifa, Abdessatar Ben
A1  - Arlos, Patrik
A1  - Megia, Ana
A1  - Vendrell, Joan
A1  - Pfitzner, Bjarne
A1  - Redondo, Alberto
A1  - Ríos Insua, David
A1  - Albert, Justin Amadeus
A1  - Zhou, Lin
A1  - Arnrich, Bert
A1  - Szabó, Ildikó
A1  - Fodor, Szabina
A1  - Ternai, Katalin
A1  - Bhowmik, Rajarshi
A1  - Campero Durand, Gabriel
A1  - Shevchenko, Pavlo
A1  - Malysheva, Milena
A1  - Prymak, Ivan
A1  - Saake, Gunter
ED  - Meinel, Christoph
ED  - Polze, Andreas
ED  - Beins, Karsten
ED  - Strotmann, Rolf
ED  - Seibold, Ulrich
ED  - Rödszus, Kurt
ED  - Müller, Jürgen
T1  - HPI Future SOC Lab – Proceedings 2019
N2  - The “HPI Future SOC Lab” is a cooperation of the Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI) and industry partners. Its mission is to enable and promote exchange and interaction between the research community and the industry partners.
  The HPI Future SOC Lab provides researchers with free of charge access to a complete infrastructure of state of the art hard and software. This infrastructure includes components, which might be too expensive for an ordinary research environment, such as servers with up to 64 cores and 2 TB main memory. The offerings address researchers particularly from but not limited to the areas of computer science and business information systems. Main areas of research include cloud computing, parallelization, and In-Memory technologies.
  This technical report presents results of research projects executed in 2019. Selected projects have presented their results on April 9th and November 12th 2019 at the Future SOC Lab Day events.
N2  - Das Future SOC Lab am HPI ist eine Kooperation des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts mit verschiedenen Industriepartnern. Seine Aufgabe ist die Ermöglichung und Förderung des Austausches zwischen Forschungsgemeinschaft und Industrie.
  Am Lab wird interessierten Wissenschaftlern eine Infrastruktur von neuester Hard- und Software kostenfrei für Forschungszwecke zur Verfügung gestellt. Dazu zählen teilweise noch nicht am Markt verfügbare Technologien, die im normalen Hochschulbereich in der Regel nicht zu finanzieren wären, bspw. Server mit bis zu 64 Cores und 2 TB Hauptspeicher. Diese Angebote richten sich insbesondere an Wissenschaftler in den Gebieten Informatik und Wirtschaftsinformatik. Einige der Schwerpunkte sind Cloud Computing, Parallelisierung und In-Memory Technologien. 
  In diesem Technischen Bericht werden die Ergebnisse der Forschungsprojekte des Jahres 2019 vorgestellt.  Ausgewählte Projekte stellten ihre Ergebnisse am 09. April und 12. November 2019 im Rahmen des Future SOC Lab Tags vor.
T3  - Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam - 158 
KW  - Future SOC Lab
KW  - research projects
KW  - multicore architectures
KW  - in-memory technology
KW  - cloud computing
KW  - machine learning
KW  - artifical intelligence
KW  - Future SOC Lab
KW  - Forschungsprojekte
KW  - Multicore Architekturen
KW  - In-Memory Technologie
KW  - Cloud Computing
KW  - maschinelles Lernen
KW  - künstliche Intelligenz
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-597915
SN  - 978-3-86956-564-4
SN  - 1613-5652
SN  - 2191-1665
IS  - 158
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hong, Jun Sung
A1  - Kim, Dong Ha
A1  - Thornberg, Robert
A1  - Wachs, Sebastian
A1  - Wright, Michelle F.
T1  - Racial discrimination to bullying behavior among White and Black adolescents in the USA: from parents' perspectives
JF  - International journal of environmental research and public health
N2  - The present study proposes and tests pathways by which racial discrimination might be positively related to bullying victimization among Black and White adolescents. Data were derived from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health, a national survey that provides data on children's physical and mental health and their families. Data were collected from households with one or more children between June 2016 to February 2017. 
A letter was sent to randomly selected households, who were invited to participate in the survey. The caregivers consisted of 66.9% females and 33.1% males for the White sample, whose mean age was 47.51 (SD = 7.26), and 76.8% females and 23.2% males for the Black sample, whose mean age was 47.61 (SD = 9.71). 
In terms of the adolescents, 49.0% were females among the White sample, whose mean age was 14.73 (SD = 1.69). For Black adolescents, 47.9% were females and the mean age was 14.67(SD = 1.66). 
Measures for the study included bullying perpetration, racial discrimination, academic disengagement, and socio-demographic variables of the parent and child. 
Analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and structural path analyses. 
For adolescents in both racial groups, racial discrimination appears to be positively associated with depression, which was positively associated with bullying perpetration. For White adolescents, racial discrimination was positively associated with academic disengagement, which was also positively associated with bullying perpetration. For Black adolescents, although racial discrimination was not significantly associated with academic disengagement, academic disengagement was positively associated with bullying perpetration.
KW  - academic disengagement
KW  - bullying
KW  - depression
KW  - racial discrimination
KW  - race
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127084
SN  - 1660-4601
VL  - 19
IS  - 12
PB  - MDPI AG
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jozi Najafabadi, Azam
A1  - Haberland, Christian
A1  - Ryberg, Trond
A1  - Verwater, Vincent F.
A1  - Breton, Eline le
A1  - Handy, Mark R.
A1  - Weber, Michael
T1  - Relocation of earthquakes in the southern and eastern Alps (Austria, Italy) recorded by the dense, temporary SWATH-D network using a Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion
JF  - Solid earth : SE ; an interaktive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - In this study, we analyzed a large seismological dataset from temporary and permanent networks in the southern and eastern Alps to establish high-precision hypocenters and 1-D V-P and V-P/V-S models. The waveform data of a subset of local earthquakes with magnitudes in the range of 1-4.2 M-L were recorded by the dense, temporary SWATH-D network and selected stations of the AlpArray network between September 2017 and the end of 2018. The first arrival times of P and S waves of earthquakes are determined by a semi-automatic procedure. We applied a Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion method to simultaneously calculate robust hypocenters, a 1-D velocity model, and station corrections without prior assumptions, such as initial velocity models or earthquake locations. A further advantage of this method is the derivation of the model parameter uncertainties and noise levels of the data. The precision estimates of the localization procedure is checked by inverting a synthetic travel time dataset from a complex 3-D velocity model and by using the real stations and earthquakes geometry. The location accuracy is further investigated by a quarry blast test. The average uncertainties of the locations of the earthquakes are below 500m in their epicenter and similar to 1.7 km in depth. The earthquake distribution reveals seismicity in the upper crust (0-20 km), which is characterized by pronounced clusters along the Alpine frontal thrust, e.g., the Friuli-Venetia (FV) region, the Giudicarie-Lessini (GL) and Schio-Vicenza domains, the Austroalpine nappes, and the Inntal area. Some seismicity also occurs along the Periadriatic Fault. The general pattern of seismicity reflects head-on convergence of the Adriatic indenter with the Alpine orogenic crust. The seismicity in the FV and GL regions is deeper than the modeled frontal thrusts, which we interpret as indication for southward propagation of the southern Alpine deformation front (blind thrusts).
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1087-2021
SN  - 1869-9529
SN  - 1869-9510
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
SP  - 1087
EP  - 1109
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Schenck, Marcia C.
T1  - Remembering African Labor Migration to the Second World
BT  - Socialist Mobilities between Angola, Mozambique, and East Germany.
T3  - Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Series
N2  - This open access book is about Mozambicans and Angolans who migrated in state-sponsored schemes to East Germany in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s. They went to work and to be trained as a vanguard labor force for the intended African industrial revolutions. While they were there, they contributed their labor power to the East German economy. 

This book draws on more than 260 life history interviews and uncovers complex and contradictory experiences and transnational encounters. What emerges is a series of dualities that exist side by side in the memories of the former migrants: the state and the individual, work and consumption, integration and exclusion, loss and gain, and the past in the past and the past in the present and future. By uncovering these dualities, the book explores the lives of African migrants moving between the Third and Second worlds. 

Devoted to the memories of worker-trainees, this transnational study comes at a time when historians are uncovering the many varied, complicated, and important connections within the global socialist world.
KW  - Open access
KW  - Third World
KW  - Second World
KW  - East Germany
KW  - Angola
KW  - Mozambique
KW  - Socialism
KW  - Labor Migration
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-3-031-06775-4
SN  - 978-3-031-06778-5
SN  - 978-3-031-06776-1
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06776-1
SN  - 2634-6273
SN  - 2634-6281
PB  - Palgrave Macmillan
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Hänel, Hilkje C.
T1  - The intricacies of ideology and ignorance
BT  - a reply to Mason
T2  - Social epistemology review & reply collective : SERRC
Y1  - 2021
UR  - https://wp.me/p1Bfg0-62M
SN  - 2471-9560
VL  - 10
IS  - 7
SP  - 58
EP  - 62
PB  - Social epistemology review & reply collective
CY  - [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Perottoni, Hélio D.
A1  - Limberg, Guilherme
A1  - Amarante, João A. S.
A1  - Rossi, Silvia
A1  - Queiroz, Anna B. A.
A1  - Santucci, Rafael M.
A1  - Pérez-Villegas, Angeles
A1  - Chiappini, Cristina
T1  - The unmixed debris of Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus in the form of a pair of halo stellar overdensities
JF  - Astrophysical journal letters
N2  - In the first billion years after its formation, the galaxy underwent several mergers with dwarf satellites of various masses. The debris of Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), the galaxy responsible for the last significant merger of the Milky Way, dominates the inner halo and has been suggested to be the progenitor of both the Hercules-Aquila Cloud (HAC) and Virgo Overdensity (VOD). We combine SEGUE, APOGEE, Gaia, and StarHorse distances to characterize the chemodynamical properties and verify the link between HAC, VOD, and GSE. We find that the orbital eccentricity distributions of the stellar overdensities and GSE are comparable. We also find that they have similar, strongly peaked, metallicity distribution functions, reinforcing the hypothesis of common origin. Furthermore, we show that HAC and VOD are indistinguishable from the prototypical GSE population within all chemical-abundance spaces analyzed. All these evidences combined provide a clear demonstration that the GSE merger is the main progenitor of the stellar populations found within these halo overdensities.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac88d6
SN  - 2041-8213
VL  - 936
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publishing
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klaus, Benita
A1  - Müller, Patrick
A1  - van Wickeren, Nora
A1  - Dordevic, Milos
A1  - Schmicker, Marlen
A1  - Zdunczyk, Yael
A1  - Brigadski, Tanja
A1  - Lessmann, Volkmar
A1  - Vielhaber, Stefan
A1  - Schreiber, Stefanie
A1  - Müller, Notger Germar
T1  - Structural and functional brain alterations in patients with myasthenia gravis
JF  - Brain communications
N2  - Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease affecting neuromuscular transmission and causing skeletal muscle weakness. Additionally, systemic inflammation, cognitive deficits and autonomic dysfunction have been described. 

However, little is known about myasthenia gravis-related reorganization of the brain. In this study, we thus investigated the structural and functional brain changes in myasthenia gravis patients. 
Eleven myasthenia gravis patients (age: 70.64 +/- 9.27; 11 males) were compared to age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls (age: 70.18 +/- 8.98; 11 males). Most of the patients (n = 10, 0.91%) received cholinesterase inhibitors. 

Structural brain changes were determined by applying voxel-based morphometry using high-resolution T-1-weighted sequences. Functional brain changes were assessed with a neuropsychological test battery (including attention, memory and executive functions), a spatial orientation task and brain-derived neurotrophic factor blood levels. 

Myasthenia gravis patients showed significant grey matter volume reductions in the cingulate gyrus, in the inferior parietal lobe and in the fusiform gyrus. Furthermore, myasthenia gravis patients showed significantly lower performance in executive functions, working memory (Spatial Span, P = 0.034, d = 1.466), verbal episodic memory (P = 0.003, d = 1.468) and somatosensory-related spatial orientation (Triangle Completion Test, P = 0.003, d = 1.200). 

Additionally, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were significantly higher in myasthenia gravis patients (P = 0.001, d = 2.040). Our results indicate that myasthenia gravis is associated with structural and functional brain alterations. Especially the grey matter volume changes in the cingulate gyrus and the inferior parietal lobe could be associated with cognitive deficits in memory and executive functions. 

Furthermore, deficits in somatosensory-related spatial orientation could be associated with the lower volumes in the inferior parietal lobe. Future research is needed to replicate these findings independently in a larger sample and to investigate the underlying mechanisms in more detail. 

Klaus et al. compared myasthenia gravis patients to matched healthy control subjects and identified functional alterations in memory functions as well as structural alterations in the cingulate gyrus, in the inferior parietal lobe and in the fusiform gyrus.
KW  - myasthenia gravis
KW  - neuroplasticity
KW  - VBM
KW  - neuropsychological testing
KW  - BDNF
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcac018
SN  - 2632-1297
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Menze, Inga
A1  - Müller, Notger Germar
A1  - Zähle, Tino
A1  - Schmicker, Marlen
T1  - Individual response to transcranial direct current stimulation as a function of working memory capacity and electrode montage
JF  - Frontiers in human neuroscience
N2  - Introduction
Attempts to improve cognitive abilities via transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have led to ambiguous results, likely due to the method's susceptibility to methodological and inter-individual factors. Conventional tDCS, i.e., using an active electrode over brain areas associated with the targeted cognitive function and a supposedly passive reference, neglects stimulation effects on entire neural networks. 

Methods
We investigated the advantage of frontoparietal network stimulation (right prefrontal anode, left posterior parietal cathode) against conventional and sham tDCS in modulating working memory (WM) capacity dependent transfer effects of a single-session distractor inhibition (DIIN) training. Since previous results did not clarify whether electrode montage drives this individual transfer, we here compared conventional to frontoparietal and sham tDCS and reanalyzed data of 124 young, healthy participants in a more robust way using linear mixed effect modeling. 

Results
The interaction of electrode montage and WM capacity resulted in systematic differences in transfer effects. While higher performance gains were observed with increasing WM capacity in the frontoparietal stimulation group, low WM capacity individuals benefited more in the sham condition. The conventional stimulation group showed subtle performance gains independent of WM capacity. 

Discussion
Our results confirm our previous findings of WM capacity dependent transfer effects on WM by a single-session DIIN training combined with tDCS and additionally highlight the pivotal role of the specific electrode montage. WM capacity dependent differences in frontoparietal network recruitment, especially regarding the parietal involvement, are assumed to underlie this observation.
KW  - tDCS
KW  - electrode montage
KW  - individual differences
KW  - working memory
KW  - capacity
KW  - distractor inhibition
KW  - frontoparietal network
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1134632
SN  - 1662-5161
VL  - 17
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Menze, Inga
A1  - Müller, Patrick
A1  - Müller, Notger Germar
A1  - Schmicker, Marlen
T1  - Age-related cognitive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and associated mental health changes in Germans
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - Restrictive means to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic have not only imposed broad challenges on mental health but might also affect cognitive health. Here we asked how restriction-related changes influence cognitive performance and how age, perceived loneliness, depressiveness and affectedness by restrictions contribute to these effects. 51 Germans completed three assessments of an online based study during the first lockdown in Germany (April 2020), a month later, and during the beginning of the second lockdown (November 2020). Participants completed nine online cognitive tasks of the MyBrainTraining and online questionnaires about their perceived strain and impact on lifestyle factors by the situation (affectedness), perceived loneliness, depressiveness as well as subjective cognitive performance. The results suggested a possible negative impact of depressiveness and affectedness on objective cognitive performance within the course of the lockdown. The younger the participants, the more pronounced these effects were. Loneliness and depressiveness moreover contributed to a worse evaluation of subjective cognition. In addition, especially younger individuals reported increased distress. As important educational and social input has partly been scarce during this pandemic and mental health problems have increased, future research should also assess cognitive long-term consequences.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11283-9
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature portfolio
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zielhofer, Christoph
A1  - Schmidt, Johannes
A1  - Reiche, Niklas
A1  - Tautenhahn, Marie
A1  - Ballasus, Helen
A1  - Burkart, Michael
A1  - Linstädter, Anja
A1  - Dietze, Elisabeth
A1  - Kaiser, Knut
A1  - Mehler, Natascha
T1  - The lower Havel River Region (Brandenburg, Germany)
BT  - a 230-Year-Long historical map record indicates a decrease in surface water areas and groundwater levels
JF  - Water
N2  - Instrumental data show that the groundwater and lake levels in Northeast Germany have decreased over the past decades, and this process has accelerated over the past few years. In addition to global warming, the direct influence of humans on the local water balance is suspected to be the cause. Since the instrumental data usually go back only a few decades, little is known about the multidecadal to centennial-scale trend, which also takes long-term climate variation and the long-term influence by humans on the water balance into account. This study aims to quantitatively reconstruct the surface water areas in the Lower Havel Inner Delta and of adjacent Lake Gulpe in Brandenburg. The analysis includes the calculation of surface water areas from historical and modern maps from 1797 to 2020. The major finding is that surface water areas have decreased by approximately 30% since the pre-industrial period, with the decline being continuous. Our data show that the comprehensive measures in Lower Havel hydro-engineering correspond with groundwater lowering that started before recent global warming. Further, large-scale melioration measures with increasing water demands in the upstream wetlands beginning from the 1960s to the 1980s may have amplified the decline in downstream surface water areas.
KW  - long-term hydrological changes
KW  - historical maps
KW  - review of written
KW  - sources
KW  - preindustrial to industrial period
KW  - hydro-engineering history;
KW  - effects of global warming
KW  - drying trend
KW  - wetlands
KW  - drainage works to
KW  - create cropland
KW  - Lower Havel River Region
KW  - Brandenburg
KW  - Germany
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030480
SN  - 2073-4441
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ring, Raphaela M.
A1  - Eisenmann, Clemens
A1  - Kandil, Farid
A1  - Steckhan, Nico
A1  - Demmrich, Sarah
A1  - Klatte, Caroline
A1  - Kessler, Christian S.
A1  - Jeitler, Michael
A1  - Boschmann, Michael
A1  - Michalsen, Andreas
A1  - Blakeslee, Sarah B.
A1  - Stöckigt, Barbara
A1  - Stritter, Wiebke
A1  - Koppold-Liebscher, Daniela A.
T1  - Mental and behavioural responses to Bahá’í fasting: Looking behind the scenes of a religiously motivated intermittent fast using a mixed methods approach
JF  - Nutrients
N2  - Background/Objective: Historically, fasting has been practiced not only for medical but also for religious reasons. Baha'is follow an annual religious intermittent dry fast of 19 days. We inquired into motivation behind and subjective health impacts of Baha'i fasting. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed methods design was embedded in a clinical single arm observational study. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted before (n = 7), during (n = 8), and after fasting (n = 8). Three months after the fasting period, two focus group interviews were conducted (n = 5/n = 3). A total of 146 Baha'i volunteers answered an online survey at five time points before, during, and after fasting. Results: Fasting was found to play a central role for the religiosity of interviewees, implying changes in daily structures, spending time alone, engaging in religious practices, and experiencing social belonging. Results show an increase in mindfulness and well-being, which were accompanied by behavioural changes and experiences of self-efficacy and inner freedom. Survey scores point to an increase in mindfulness and well-being during fasting, while stress, anxiety, and fatigue decreased. Mindfulness remained elevated even three months after the fast. Conclusion: Baha'i fasting seems to enhance participants' mindfulness and well-being, lowering stress levels and reducing fatigue. Some of these effects lasted more than three months after fasting.
KW  - intermittent food restriction
KW  - mindfulness
KW  - self-efficacy
KW  - well-being
KW  - mixed methods
KW  - health behaviour
KW  - coping ability
KW  - religiously motivated
KW  - dry fasting
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14051038
SN  - 2072-6643
VL  - 14
IS  - 5
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Meinel, Christoph
A1  - Döllner, Jürgen Roland Friedrich
A1  - Weske, Mathias
A1  - Polze, Andreas
A1  - Hirschfeld, Robert
A1  - Naumann, Felix
A1  - Giese, Holger
A1  - Baudisch, Patrick
A1  - Friedrich, Tobias
A1  - Böttinger, Erwin
A1  - Lippert, Christoph
A1  - Dörr, Christian
A1  - Lehmann, Anja
A1  - Renard, Bernhard
A1  - Rabl, Tilmann
A1  - Uebernickel, Falk
A1  - Arnrich, Bert
A1  - Hölzle, Katharina
T1  - Proceedings of the HPI Research School on Service-oriented Systems Engineering 2020 Fall Retreat
N2  - Design and Implementation of service-oriented architectures imposes a huge number of research questions from the fields of software engineering, system analysis and modeling, adaptability, and application integration. Component orientation and web services are two approaches for design and realization of complex web-based system. Both approaches allow for dynamic application adaptation as well as integration of enterprise application.

Service-Oriented Systems Engineering represents a symbiosis of best practices in object-orientation, component-based development, distributed computing, and business process management. It provides integration of business and IT concerns.

The annual Ph.D. Retreat of the Research School provides each member the opportunity to present his/her current state of their research and to give an outline of a prospective Ph.D. thesis. Due to the interdisciplinary structure of the research school, this technical report covers a wide range of topics. These include but are not limited to: Human Computer Interaction and Computer Vision as Service; Service-oriented Geovisualization Systems; Algorithm Engineering for Service-oriented Systems; Modeling and Verification of Self-adaptive Service-oriented Systems; Tools and Methods for Software Engineering in Service-oriented Systems; Security Engineering of Service-based IT Systems; Service-oriented Information Systems; Evolutionary Transition of Enterprise Applications to Service Orientation; Operating System Abstractions for Service-oriented Computing; and Services Specification, Composition, and Enactment.
N2  - Der Entwurf und die Realisierung dienstbasierender Architekturen wirft eine Vielzahl von Forschungsfragestellungen aus den Gebieten der Softwaretechnik, der Systemmodellierung und -analyse, sowie der Adaptierbarkeit und Integration von Applikationen auf. Komponentenorientierung und WebServices sind zwei Ansätze für den effizienten Entwurf und die Realisierung komplexer Web-basierender Systeme. Sie ermöglichen die Reaktion auf wechselnde Anforderungen ebenso, wie die Integration großer komplexer Softwaresysteme.

"Service-Oriented Systems Engineering" repräsentiert die Symbiose bewährter Praktiken aus den Gebieten der Objektorientierung, der Komponentenprogrammierung, des verteilten Rechnen sowie der Geschäftsprozesse und berücksichtigt auch die Integration von Geschäftsanliegen und Informationstechnologien.

Die Klausurtagung des Forschungskollegs "Service-oriented Systems Engineering" findet einmal jährlich statt und bietet allen Kollegiaten die Möglichkeit den Stand ihrer aktuellen Forschung darzulegen. Bedingt durch die Querschnittstruktur des Kollegs deckt dieser Bericht ein weites Spektrum aktueller Forschungsthemen ab. Dazu zählen unter anderem Human Computer Interaction and Computer Vision as Service; Service-oriented Geovisualization Systems; Algorithm Engineering for Service-oriented Systems; Modeling and Verification of Self-adaptive Service-oriented Systems; Tools and Methods for Software Engineering in Service-oriented Systems; Security Engineering of Service-based IT Systems; Service-oriented Information Systems; Evolutionary Transition of Enterprise Applications to Service Orientation; Operating System Abstractions for Service-oriented Computing; sowie Services Specification, Composition, and Enactment.
T3  - Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam - 138 
KW  - Hasso Plattner Institute
KW  - research school
KW  - Ph.D. retreat
KW  - service-oriented systems engineering
KW  - Hasso-Plattner-Institut
KW  - Forschungskolleg
KW  - Klausurtagung
KW  - Service-oriented Systems Engineering
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-504132
SN  - 978-3-86956-513-2
SN  - 1613-5652
SN  - 2191-1665
IS  - 138
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - De Freitas, Jessica K.
A1  - Johnson, Kipp W.
A1  - Golden, Eddye
A1  - Nadkarni, Girish N.
A1  - Dudley, Joel T.
A1  - Böttinger, Erwin
A1  - Glicksberg, Benjamin S.
A1  - Miotto, Riccardo
T1  - Phe2vec
BT  - Automated disease phenotyping based on unsupervised embeddings from electronic health records
JF  - Patterns
N2  - Robust phenotyping of patients from electronic health records (EHRs) at scale is a challenge in clinical informatics. Here, we introduce Phe2vec, an automated framework for disease phenotyping from EHRs based on unsupervised learning and assess its effectiveness against standard rule-based algorithms from Phenotype KnowledgeBase (PheKB). Phe2vec is based on pre-computing embeddings of medical concepts and patients' clinical history. Disease phenotypes are then derived from a seed concept and its neighbors in the embedding space. Patients are linked to a disease if their embedded representation is close to the disease phenotype. Comparing Phe2vec and PheKB cohorts head-to-head using chart review, Phe2vec performed on par or better in nine out of ten diseases. Differently from other approaches, it can scale to any condition and was validated against widely adopted expert-based standards. Phe2vec aims to optimize clinical informatics research by augmenting current frameworks to characterize patients by condition and derive reliable disease cohorts.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2021.100337
SN  - 2666-3899
VL  - 2
IS  - 9
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Klippert, Monika
A1  - Stolpmann, Robert
A1  - Grum, Marcus
A1  - Thim, Christof
A1  - Gronau, Norbert
A1  - Albers, Albert
T1  - Knowledge transfer quality improvement
BT  - the quality enhancement of knowledge transfers in product engineering
T2  - Procedia CIRP
N2  - Developing a new product generation requires the transfer of knowledge among various knowledge carriers. Several factors influence knowledge transfer, e.g., the complexity of engineering tasks or the competence of employees, which can decrease the efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge transfers in product engineering. Hence, improving those knowledge transfers obtains great potential, especially against the backdrop of experienced employees leaving the company due to retirement, so far, research results show, that the knowledge transfer velocity can be raised by following the Knowledge Transfer Velocity Model and implementing so-called interventions in a product engineering context. In most cases, the implemented interventions have a positive effect on knowledge transfer speed improvement. In addition to that, initial theoretical findings describe factors influencing the quality of knowledge transfers and outline a setting to empirically investigate how the quality can be improved by introducing a general description of knowledge transfer reference situations and principles to measure the quality of knowledge artifacts. To assess the quality of knowledge transfers in a product engineering context, the Knowledge Transfer Quality Model (KTQM) is created, which serves as a basis to develop and implement quality-dependent interventions for different knowledge transfer situations. As a result, this paper introduces the specifications of eight situation-adequate interventions to improve the quality of knowledge transfers in product engineering following an intervention template. Those interventions are intended to be implemented in an industrial setting to measure the quality of knowledge transfers and validate their effect.
KW  - knowledge transfer
KW  - product generation engineering
KW  - improvement
KW  - quality
KW  - intervention
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2023.02.171
SN  - 2212-8271
VL  - 119
SP  - 919
EP  - 925
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Panzer, Marcel
A1  - Gronau, Norbert
T1  - Enhancing economic efficiency in modular production systems through deep reinforcement learning
T2  - Procedia CIRP
N2  - In times of increasingly complex production processes and volatile customer demands, the production adaptability is crucial for a company's profitability and competitiveness. The ability to cope with rapidly changing customer requirements and unexpected internal and external events guarantees robust and efficient production processes, requiring a dedicated control concept at the shop floor level. Yet in today's practice, conventional control approaches remain in use, which may not keep up with the dynamic behaviour due to their scenario-specific and rigid properties. To address this challenge, deep learning methods were increasingly deployed due to their optimization and scalability properties. However, these approaches were often tested in specific operational applications and focused on technical performance indicators such as order tardiness or total throughput. In this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement learning based production control to optimize combined techno-financial performance measures. Based on pre-defined manufacturing modules that are supplied and operated by multiple agents, positive effects were observed in terms of increased revenue and reduced penalties due to lower throughput times and fewer delayed products. The combined modular and multi-staged approach as well as the distributed decision-making further leverage scalability and transferability to other scenarios.
KW  - modular production
KW  - production control
KW  - multi-agent system
KW  - deep reinforcement learning
KW  - discrete event simulation
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2023.09.229
SN  - 2212-8271
VL  - 121
SP  - 55
EP  - 60
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Grdseloff, Nastasja
A1  - Boulday, Gwenola
A1  - Roedel, Claudia J.
A1  - Otten, Cecile
A1  - Vannier, Daphne Raphaelle
A1  - Cardoso, Cecile
A1  - Faurobert, Eva
A1  - Dogra, Deepika
A1  - Tournier-Lasserve, Elisabeth
A1  - Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim
T1  - Impaired retinoic acid signaling in cerebral cavernous malformations
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - The capillary-venous pathology cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is caused by loss of CCM1/Krev interaction trapped protein 1 (KRIT1), CCM2/MGC4607, or CCM3/PDCD10 in some endothelial cells. Mutations of CCM genes within the brain vasculature can lead to recurrent cerebral hemorrhages. Pharmacological treatment options are urgently needed when lesions are located in deeply-seated and in-operable regions of the central nervous system. Previous pharmacological suppression screens in disease models of CCM led to the discovery that treatment with retinoic acid improved CCM phenotypes. This finding raised a need to investigate the involvement of retinoic acid in CCM and test whether it has a curative effect in preclinical mouse models. Here, we show that components of the retinoic acid synthesis and degradation pathway are transcriptionally misregulated across disease models of CCM. We complemented this analysis by pharmacologically modifying retinoic acid levels in zebrafish and human endothelial cell models of CCM, and in acute and chronic mouse models of CCM. Our pharmacological intervention studies in CCM2-depleted human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and krit1 mutant zebrafish showed positive effects when retinoic acid levels were increased. However, therapeutic approaches to prevent the development of vascular lesions in adult chronic murine models of CCM were drug regiment-sensitive, possibly due to adverse developmental effects of this hormone. A treatment with high doses of retinoic acid even worsened CCM lesions in an adult chronic murine model of CCM. This study provides evidence that retinoic acid signaling is impaired in the CCM pathophysiology and suggests that modification of retinoic acid levels can alleviate CCM phenotypes.
KW  - Developmental biology
KW  - Molecular medicine
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31905-0
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Portfolio
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lewkowicz, Daniel
A1  - Wohlbrandt, Attila
A1  - Böttinger, Erwin
T1  - Economic impact of clinical decision support interventions based on electronic health records
JF  - BMC Health Services Research
N2  - Background

Unnecessary healthcare utilization, non-adherence to current clinical guidelines, or insufficient personalized care are perpetual challenges and remain potential major cost-drivers for healthcare systems around the world. Implementing decision support systems into clinical care is promised to improve quality of care and thereby yield substantial effects on reducing healthcare expenditure. In this article, we evaluate the economic impact of clinical decision support (CDS) interventions based on electronic health records (EHR).

Methods

We searched for studies published after 2014 using MEDLINE, CENTRAL, WEB OF SCIENCE, EBSCO, and TUFTS CEA registry databases that encompass an economic evaluation or consider cost outcome measures of EHR based CDS interventions. Thereupon, we identified best practice application areas and categorized the investigated interventions according to an existing taxonomy of front-end CDS tools.

Results and discussion

Twenty-seven studies are investigated in this review. Of those, twenty-two studies indicate a reduction of healthcare expenditure after implementing an EHR based CDS system, especially towards prevalent application areas, such as unnecessary laboratory testing, duplicate order entry, efficient transfusion practice, or reduction of antibiotic prescriptions. On the contrary, order facilitators and undiscovered malfunctions revealed to be threats and could lead to new cost drivers in healthcare. While high upfront and maintenance costs of CDS systems are a worldwide implementation barrier, most studies do not consider implementation cost. Finally, four included economic evaluation studies report mixed monetary outcome results and thus highlight the importance of further high-quality economic evaluations for these CDS systems.

Conclusion

Current research studies lack consideration of comparative cost-outcome metrics as well as detailed cost components in their analyses. Nonetheless, the positive economic impact of EHR based CDS interventions is highly promising, especially with regard to reducing waste in healthcare.
KW  - Economic evaluation
KW  - Electronic health record
KW  - Clinical decision support
KW  - Behavioral economics
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05688-3
SN  - 1472-6963
VL  - 20
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wachs, Sebastian
A1  - Wettstein, Alexander
A1  - Bilz, Ludwig
A1  - Gamez-Guadix, Manuel
T1  - Motivos del discurso de odio en la adolescencia y su relación con las normas sociales
BT  - Adolescents' motivations to perpetrate hate speech and links with social norms
JF  - Comunicar : revista científica de comunicación y educación
N2  - Hate speech has become a widespread phenomenon, however, it remains largely unclear why adolescents engage in it and which factors are associated with their motivations for perpetrating hate speech. To this end, we developed the multidimensional "Motivations for Hate Speech Perpetration Scale" (MHATE) and evaluated the psychometric properties. We also explored the associations between social norms and adolescents' motivations for hate speech perpetration. The sample consisted of 346 adolescents from Switzerland (54.6% boys; Mage=14; SD=0.96) who reported engagement in hate speech as perpetrators. The analyses revealed good psychometric properties for the MHATE, including good internal consistency. The most frequently endorsed subscale was revenge, followed by ideology, group conformity, status enhancement, exhilaration, and power. The results also showed that descriptive norms and peer pressure were related to a wide range of different motivations for perpetrating hate speech. Injunctive norms, however, were only associated with power. In conclusion, findings indicate that hate speech fulfills various functions. We argue that knowing the specific motivations that underlie hate speech could help us derive individually tailored prevention strategies (e.g., anger management, promoting an inclusive classroom climate). Furthermore, we suggest that practitioners working in the field of hate speech prevention give special attention to social norms surrounding adolescents.
KW  - Hate speech
KW  - cyberhate
KW  - motives
KW  - social norms
KW  - injunctive norms
KW  - peer
KW  - pressure
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3916/C71-2022-01
SN  - 1134-3478
SN  - 1988-3293
VL  - 30
IS  - 71
SP  - 9
EP  - 20
PB  - Grupo Comunicar
CY  - Huelva
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Smith, Taylor
A1  - Boers, Niklas
T1  - Global vegetation resilience linked to water availability and variability
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Quantifying the resilience of vegetated ecosystems is key to constraining both present-day and future global impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Here we apply both empirical and theoretical resilience metrics to remotely-sensed vegetation data in order to examine the role of water availability and variability in controlling vegetation resilience at the global scale. We find a concise global relationship where vegetation resilience is greater in regions with higher water availability. We also reveal that resilience is lower in regions with more pronounced inter-annual precipitation variability, but find less concise relationships between vegetation resilience and intra-annual precipitation variability. Our results thus imply that the resilience of vegetation responds differently to water deficits at varying time scales. In view of projected increases in precipitation variability, our findings highlight the risk of ecosystem degradation under ongoing climate change. 

Vegetation dynamics depend on both the amount of precipitation and its variability over time. Here, the authors show that vegetation resilience is greater where water availability is higher and where precipitation is more stable from year to year.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36207-7
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Falkenhagen, Undine
A1  - Knöchel, Jane
A1  - Kloft, Charlotte
A1  - Huisinga, Wilhelm
T1  - Deriving mechanism-based pharmacodynamic models by reducing quantitative systems pharmacology models
BT  - an application to warfarin
JF  - CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology
N2  - Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models integrate comprehensive qualitative and quantitative knowledge about pharmacologically relevant processes. We previously proposed a first approach to leverage the knowledge in QSP models to derive simpler, mechanism-based pharmacodynamic (PD) models. Their complexity, however, is typically still too large to be used in the population analysis of clinical data. Here, we extend the approach beyond state reduction to also include the simplification of reaction rates, elimination of reactions, and analytic solutions. We additionally ensure that the reduced model maintains a prespecified approximation quality not only for a reference individual but also for a diverse virtual population. We illustrate the extended approach for the warfarin effect on blood coagulation. Using the model-reduction approach, we derive a novel small-scale warfarin/international normalized ratio model and demonstrate its suitability for biomarker identification. Due to the systematic nature of the approach in comparison with empirical model building, the proposed model-reduction algorithm provides an improved rationale to build PD models also from QSP models in other applications.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12903
SN  - 2163-8306
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
SP  - 432
EP  - 443
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Moreno-Romero, Jordi
A1  - Probst, Aline V.
A1  - Trindade, Inês
A1  - Kalyanikrishna, 
A1  - Engelhorn, Julia
A1  - Farrona, Sara
T1  - Looking At the Past and Heading to the Future
BT  - Meeting Summary of the 6th European Workshop on Plant Chromatin 2019 in Cologne, Germany
JF  - Frontiers in Plant Science
N2  - In June 2019, more than a hundred plant researchers met in Cologne, Germany, for the 6th European Workshop on Plant Chromatin (EWPC). This conference brought together a highly dynamic community of researchers with the common aim to understand how chromatin organization controls gene expression, development, and plant responses to the environment. New evidence showing how epigenetic states are set, perpetuated, and inherited were presented, and novel data related to the three-dimensional organization of chromatin within the nucleus were discussed. At the level of the nucleosome, its composition by different histone variants and their specialized histone deposition complexes were addressed as well as the mechanisms involved in histone post-translational modifications and their role in gene expression. The keynote lecture on plant DNA methylation by Julie Law (SALK Institute) and the tribute session to Lars Hennig, honoring the memory of one of the founders of the EWPC who contributed to promote the plant chromatin and epigenetic field in Europe, added a very special note to this gathering. In this perspective article we summarize some of the most outstanding data and advances on plant chromatin research presented at this workshop.
KW  - EWPC2019
KW  - chromatin
KW  - epigenetics
KW  - transcription
KW  - nucleus
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01795
SN  - 1664-462X
VL  - 10
IS  - 1795
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dellepiane, Sergio
A1  - Vaid, Akhil
A1  - Jaladanki, Suraj K.
A1  - Coca, Steven
A1  - Fayad, Zahi A.
A1  - Charney, Alexander W.
A1  - Böttinger, Erwin
A1  - He, John Cijiang
A1  - Glicksberg, Benjamin S.
A1  - Chan, Lili
A1  - Nadkarni, Girish
T1  - Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York City
BT  - Temporal Trends From March 2020 to April 2021
JF  - Kidney medicine
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2021.06.008
SN  - 2590-0595
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
SP  - 877
EP  - 879
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Datta, Suparno
A1  - Sachs, Jan Philipp
A1  - Freitas da Cruz, Harry
A1  - Martensen, Tom
A1  - Bode, Philipp
A1  - Morassi Sasso, Ariane
A1  - Glicksberg, Benjamin S.
A1  - Böttinger, Erwin
T1  - FIBER
BT  - enabling flexible retrieval of electronic health records data for clinical predictive modeling
JF  - JAMIA open
N2  - Objectives: 
The development of clinical predictive models hinges upon the availability of comprehensive clinical data. Tapping into such resources requires considerable effort from clinicians, data scientists, and engineers. Specifically, these efforts are focused on data extraction and preprocessing steps required prior to modeling, including complex database queries. A handful of software libraries exist that can reduce this complexity by building upon data standards. However, a gap remains concerning electronic health records (EHRs) stored in star schema clinical data warehouses, an approach often adopted in practice. In this article, we introduce the FlexIBle EHR Retrieval (FIBER) tool: a Python library built on top of a star schema (i2b2) clinical data warehouse that enables flexible generation of modeling-ready cohorts as data frames. 

Materials and Methods: 
FIBER was developed on top of a large-scale star schema EHR database which contains data from 8 million patients and over 120 million encounters. To illustrate FIBER's capabilities, we present its application by building a heart surgery patient cohort with subsequent prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI) with various machine learning models. 

Results:
Using FIBER, we were able to build the heart surgery cohort (n = 12 061), identify the patients that developed AKI (n = 1005), and automatically extract relevant features (n = 774). Finally, we trained machine learning models that achieved area under the curve values of up to 0.77 for this exemplary use case.

Conclusion: 
FIBER is an open-source Python library developed for extracting information from star schema clinical data warehouses and reduces time-to-modeling, helping to streamline the clinical modeling process.
KW  - databases
KW  - factual
KW  - electronic health records
KW  - information storage and
KW  - retrieval
KW  - workflow
KW  - software/instrumentation
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooab048
SN  - 2574-2531
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cope, Justin L.
A1  - Baukmann, Hannes A.
A1  - Klinger, Jörn E.
A1  - Ravarani, Charles N. J.
A1  - Böttinger, Erwin
A1  - Konigorski, Stefan
A1  - Schmidt, Marco F.
T1  - Interaction-based feature selection algorithm outperforms polygenic risk score in predicting Parkinson’s Disease status
JF  - Frontiers in genetics
N2  - Polygenic risk scores (PRS) aggregating results from genome-wide association studies are the state of the art in the prediction of susceptibility to complex traits or diseases, yet their predictive performance is limited for various reasons, not least of which is their failure to incorporate the effects of gene-gene interactions. Novel machine learning algorithms that use large amounts of data promise to find gene-gene interactions in order to build models with better predictive performance than PRS. Here, we present a data preprocessing step by using data-mining of contextual information to reduce the number of features, enabling machine learning algorithms to identify gene-gene interactions. We applied our approach to the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) dataset, an observational clinical study of 471 genotyped subjects (368 cases and 152 controls). With an AUC of 0.85 (95% CI = [0.72; 0.96]), the interaction-based prediction model outperforms the PRS (AUC of 0.58 (95% CI = [0.42; 0.81])). Furthermore, feature importance analysis of the model provided insights into the mechanism of Parkinson's disease. For instance, the model revealed an interaction of previously described drug target candidate genes TMEM175 and GAPDHP25. These results demonstrate that interaction-based machine learning models can improve genetic prediction models and might provide an answer to the missing heritability problem.
KW  - epistasis
KW  - machine learning
KW  - feature selection
KW  - parkinson's disease
KW  - PPMI (parkinson's progression markers initiative)
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.744557
SN  - 1664-8021
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zenner, Alexander M.
A1  - Böttinger, Erwin
A1  - Konigorski, Stefan
T1  - StudyMe
BT  - a new mobile app for user-centric N-of-1 trials
JF  - Trials
N2  - N-of-1 trials are multi-crossover self-experiments that allow individuals to systematically evaluate the effect of interventions on their personal health goals. Although several tools for N-of-1 trials exist, there is a gap in supporting non-experts in conducting their own user-centric trials. In this study, we present StudyMe, an open-source mobile application that is freely available from https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=health.studyu.me and offers users flexibility and guidance in configuring every component of their trials. We also present research that informed the development of StudyMe, focusing on trial creation. Through an initial survey with 272 participants, we learned that individuals are interested in a variety of personal health aspects and have unique ideas on how to improve them. In an iterative, user-centered development process with intermediate user tests, we developed StudyMe that features an educational part to communicate N-of-1 trial concepts. A final empirical evaluation of StudyMe showed that all participants were able to create their own trials successfully using StudyMe and the app achieved a very good usability rating. Our findings suggest that StudyMe provides a significant step towards enabling individuals to apply a systematic science-oriented approach to personalize health-related interventions and behavior modifications in their everyday lives.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06893-7
SN  - 1745-6215
VL  - 23
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lewkowicz, Daniel
A1  - Böttinger, Erwin
A1  - Siegel, Martin
T1  - Economic evaluation of digital therapeutic care apps for unsupervised treatment of low back pain
BT  - Monte Carlo Simulation
JF  - JMIR mhealth and uhealth
N2  - Background: 
Digital therapeutic care (DTC) programs are unsupervised app-based treatments that provide video exercises and educational material to patients with nonspecific low back pain during episodes of pain and functional disability. German statutory health insurance can reimburse DTC programs since 2019, but evidence on efficacy and reasonable pricing remains scarce. This paper presents a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) to evaluate the efficacy and cost-utility of a DTC app against treatment as usual (TAU) in Germany. 

Objective: 
The aim of this study was to perform a PSA in the form of a Monte Carlo simulation based on the deterministic base case analysis to account for model assumptions and parameter uncertainty. We also intend to explore to what extent the results in this probabilistic analysis differ from the results in the base case analysis and to what extent a shortage of outcome data concerning quality-of-life (QoL) metrics impacts the overall results. 

Methods: 
The PSA builds upon a state-transition Markov chain with a 4-week cycle length over a model time horizon of 3 years from a recently published deterministic cost-utility analysis. A Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations and a cohort size of 10,000 was employed to evaluate the cost-utility from a societal perspective. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were derived from Veterans RAND 6-Dimension (VR-6D) and Short-Form 6-Dimension (SF-6D) single utility scores. Finally, we also simulated reducing the price for a 3-month app prescription to analyze at which price threshold DTC would result in being the dominant strategy over TAU in Germany. 

Results: 
The Monte Carlo simulation yielded on average a euro135.97 (a currency exchange rate of EUR euro1=US $1.069 is applicable) incremental cost and 0.004 incremental QALYs per person and year for the unsupervised DTC app strategy compared to in-person physiotherapy in Germany. The corresponding incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) amounts to an additional euro34,315.19 per additional QALY. DTC yielded more QALYs in 54.96% of the iterations. DTC dominates TAU in 24.04% of the iterations for QALYs. Reducing the app price in the simulation from currently euro239.96 to euro164.61 for a 3-month prescription could yield a negative ICUR and thus make DTC the dominant strategy, even though the estimated probability of DTC being more effective than TAU is only 54.96%.

Conclusions:
Decision-makers should be cautious when considering the reimbursement of DTC apps since no significant treatment effect was found, and the probability of cost-effectiveness remains below 60% even for an infinite willingness-to-pay threshold. More app-based studies involving the utilization of QoL outcome parameters are urgently needed to account for the low and limited precision of the available QoL input parameters, which are crucial to making profound recommendations concerning the cost-utility of novel apps.
KW  - cost-utility analysis
KW  - cost
KW  - probabilistic sensitivity analysis
KW  - Monte Carlo simulation
KW  - low back pain
KW  - pain
KW  - economic
KW  - cost-effectiveness
KW  - Markov model
KW  - digital therapy
KW  - digital health app
KW  - mHealth
KW  - mobile health
KW  - health app
KW  - mobile app
KW  - orthopedic
KW  - QUALY
KW  - DALY
KW  - quality-adjusted life years
KW  - disability-adjusted life years
KW  - time horizon
KW  - veteran
KW  - statistics
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2196/44585
SN  - 2291-5222
VL  - 11
PB  - JMIR Publications
CY  - Toronto
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Konigorski, Stefan
A1  - Wernicke, Sarah
A1  - Slosarek, Tamara
A1  - Zenner, Alexander M.
A1  - Strelow, Nils
A1  - Ruether, Darius F.
A1  - Henschel, Florian
A1  - Manaswini, Manisha
A1  - Pottbäcker, Fabian
A1  - Edelman, Jonathan A.
A1  - Owoyele, Babajide
A1  - Danieletto, Matteo
A1  - Golden, Eddye
A1  - Zweig, Micol
A1  - Nadkarni, Girish N.
A1  - Böttinger, Erwin
T1  - StudyU: a platform for designing and conducting innovative digital N-of-1 trials
JF  - Journal of medical internet research
N2  - N-of-1 trials are the gold standard study design to evaluate individual treatment effects and derive personalized treatment strategies.  Digital tools have the potential to initiate a new era of N-of-1 trials in terms of scale and scope, but fully functional platforms are not yet available. 
Here, we present the open source StudyU platform, which includes the StudyU Designer and StudyU app. 
With the StudyU Designer, scientists are given a collaborative web application to digitally specify, publish, and conduct N-of-1 trials. 
The StudyU app is a smartphone app with innovative user-centric elements for participants to partake in trials published through the StudyU Designer to assess the effects of different interventions on their health. 
Thereby, the StudyU platform allows clinicians and researchers worldwide to easily design and conduct digital N-of-1 trials in a safe manner. 
We envision that StudyU can change the landscape of personalized treatments both for patients and healthy individuals, democratize and personalize evidence generation for self-optimization and medicine, and can be integrated in clinical practice.
KW  - digital interventions
KW  - N-of-1 trial
KW  - SCED
KW  - single-case experimental design
KW  - web application
KW  - mobile application
KW  - app
KW  - digital health
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2196/35884
SN  - 1439-4456
SN  - 1438-8871
VL  - 24
IS  - 7
PB  - Healthcare World
CY  - Richmond, Va.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Barbolini, Natasha
A1  - Woutersen, Amber
A1  - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume
A1  - Silvestro, Daniele
A1  - Tardif-Becquet, Delphine
A1  - Coster, Pauline M. C.
A1  - Meijer, Niels
A1  - Chang, Cun
A1  - Zhang, Hou-Xi
A1  - Licht, Alexis
A1  - Rydin, Catarina
A1  - Koutsodendris, Andreas
A1  - Han, Fang
A1  - Rohrmann, Alexander
A1  - Liu, Xiang-Jun
A1  - Zhang, Y.
A1  - Donnadieu, Yannick
A1  - Fluteau, Frederic
A1  - Ladant, Jean-Baptiste
A1  - Le Hir, Guillaume
A1  - Hoorn, M. Carina
T1  - Cenozoic evolution of the steppe-desert biome in Central Asia
JF  - Science Advances
N2  - The origins and development of the arid and highly seasonal steppe-desert biome in Central Asia, the largest of its kind in the world, remain largely unconstrained by existing records. It is unclear how Cenozoic climatic, geological, and biological forces, acting at diverse spatial and temporal scales, shaped Central Asian ecosystems through time. Our synthesis shows that the Central Asian steppe-desert has existed since at least Eocene times but experienced no less than two regime shifts, one at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition and one in the mid-Miocene. These shifts separated three successive "stable states," each characterized by unique floral and faunal structures. Past responses to disturbance in the Asian steppe-desert imply that modern ecosystems are unlikely to recover their present structures and diversity if forced into a new regime. This is of concern for Asian steppes today, which are being modified for human use and lost to desertification at unprecedented rates.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb8227
SN  - 2375-2548
VL  - 6
IS  - 41
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Woutersen, Amber
A1  - Jardine, Phillip E.
A1  - Giovanni Bogota-Angel, Raul
A1  - Zhang, Hong-Xiang
A1  - Silvestro, Daniele
A1  - Antonelli, Alexandre
A1  - Gogna, Elena
A1  - Erkens, Roy H. J.
A1  - Gosling, William D.
A1  - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume
A1  - Hoorn, Carina
T1  - A novel approach to study the morphology and chemistry of pollen in a phylogenetic context, applied to the halophytic taxon Nitraria L.(Nitrariaceae)
JF  - PeerJ
N2  - Nitraria is a halophytic taxon (i.e., adapted to saline environments) that belongs to the plant family Nitrariaceae and is distributed from the Mediterranean, across Asia into the south-eastern tip of Australia. This taxon is thought to have originated in Asia during the Paleogene (66-23 Ma), alongside the proto-Paratethys epicontinental sea. The evolutionary history of Nitraria might hold important clues on the links between climatic and biotic evolution but limited taxonomic documentation of this taxon has thus far hindered this line of research. Here we investigate if the pollen morphology and the chemical composition of the pollen wall are informative of the evolutionary history of Nitraria and could explain if origination along the proto-Paratethys and dispersal to the Tibetan Plateau was simultaneous or a secondary process. To answer these questions, we applied a novel approach consisting of a combination of Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), to determine the chemical composition of the pollen wall, and pollen morphological analyses using Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). We analysed our data using ordinations (principal components analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling), and directly mapped it on the Nitrariaceae phylogeny to produce a phylomorphospace and a phylochemospace. Our LM, SEM and FTIR analyses show clear morphological and chemical differences between the sister groups Peganum and Nitraria. Differences in the morphological and chemical characteristics of highland species (Nitraria schoberi, N. sphaerocarpa, N. sibirica and N. tangutorum) and lowland species (Nitraria billardierei and N. retusa) are very subtle, with phylogenetic history appearing to be a more important control on Nitraria pollen than local environmental conditions. Our approach shows a compelling consistency between the chemical and morphological characteristics of the eight studied Nitrariaceae species, and these traits are in agreement with the phylogenetic tree. Taken together, this demonstrates how novel methods for studying fossil pollen can facilitate the evolutionary investigation of living and extinct taxa, and the environments they represent.
KW  - FTIR
KW  - LM
KW  - SEM
KW  - Paratethys
KW  - Tibet
KW  - Sporopollenin
KW  - Mediterranean
KW  - Steppe-desert
KW  - Australia
KW  - Palynology
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5055
SN  - 2167-8359
VL  - 6
PB  - PeerJ Inc.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vaid, Akhil
A1  - Somani, Sulaiman
A1  - Russak, Adam J.
A1  - De Freitas, Jessica K.
A1  - Chaudhry, Fayzan F.
A1  - Paranjpe, Ishan
A1  - Johnson, Kipp W.
A1  - Lee, Samuel J.
A1  - Miotto, Riccardo
A1  - Richter, Felix
A1  - Zhao, Shan
A1  - Beckmann, Noam D.
A1  - Naik, Nidhi
A1  - Kia, Arash
A1  - Timsina, Prem
A1  - Lala, Anuradha
A1  - Paranjpe, Manish
A1  - Golden, Eddye
A1  - Danieletto, Matteo
A1  - Singh, Manbir
A1  - Meyer, Dara
A1  - O'Reilly, Paul F.
A1  - Huckins, Laura
A1  - Kovatch, Patricia
A1  - Finkelstein, Joseph
A1  - Freeman, Robert M.
A1  - Argulian, Edgar
A1  - Kasarskis, Andrew
A1  - Percha, Bethany
A1  - Aberg, Judith A.
A1  - Bagiella, Emilia
A1  - Horowitz, Carol R.
A1  - Murphy, Barbara
A1  - Nestler, Eric J.
A1  - Schadt, Eric E.
A1  - Cho, Judy H.
A1  - Cordon-Cardo, Carlos
A1  - Fuster, Valentin
A1  - Charney, Dennis S.
A1  - Reich, David L.
A1  - Böttinger, Erwin
A1  - Levin, Matthew A.
A1  - Narula, Jagat
A1  - Fayad, Zahi A.
A1  - Just, Allan C.
A1  - Charney, Alexander W.
A1  - Nadkarni, Girish N.
A1  - Glicksberg, Benjamin S.
T1  - Machine learning to predict mortality and critical events in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in New York City: model development and validation
JF  - Journal of medical internet research : international scientific journal for medical research, information and communication on the internet ; JMIR
N2  - Background:
COVID-19 has infected millions of people worldwide and is responsible for several hundred thousand fatalities. The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated thoughtful resource allocation and early identification of high-risk patients. However, effective methods to meet these needs are lacking.

Objective:
The aims of this study were to analyze the electronic health records (EHRs) of patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and were admitted to hospitals in the Mount Sinai Health System in New York City; to develop machine learning models for making predictions about the hospital course of the patients over clinically meaningful time horizons based on patient characteristics at admission; and to assess the performance of these models at multiple hospitals and time points. 

Methods:
We used Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and baseline comparator models to predict in-hospital mortality and critical events at time windows of 3, 5, 7, and 10 days from admission. Our study population included harmonized EHR data from five hospitals in New York City for 4098 COVID-19-positive patients admitted from March 15 to May 22, 2020. The models were first trained on patients from a single hospital (n=1514) before or on May 1, externally validated on patients from four other hospitals (n=2201) before or on May 1, and prospectively validated on all patients after May 1 (n=383). Finally, we established model interpretability to identify and rank variables that drive model predictions.

Results:
Upon cross-validation, the XGBoost classifier outperformed baseline models, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) for mortality of 0.89 at 3 days, 0.85 at 5 and 7 days, and 0.84 at 10 days. XGBoost also performed well for critical event prediction, with an AUC-ROC of 0.80 at 3 days, 0.79 at 5 days, 0.80 at 7 days, and 0.81 at 10 days. In external validation, XGBoost achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.88 at 3 days, 0.86 at 5 days, 0.86 at 7 days, and 0.84 at 10 days for mortality prediction. Similarly, the unimputed XGBoost model achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.78 at 3 days, 0.79 at 5 days, 0.80 at 7 days, and 0.81 at 10 days. Trends in performance on prospective validation sets were similar. At 7 days, acute kidney injury on admission, elevated LDH, tachypnea, and hyperglycemia were the strongest drivers of critical event prediction, while higher age, anion gap, and C-reactive protein were the strongest drivers of mortality prediction. 

Conclusions:
We externally and prospectively trained and validated machine learning models for mortality and critical events for patients with COVID-19 at different time horizons. These models identified at-risk patients and uncovered underlying relationships that predicted outcomes.
KW  - machine learning
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - electronic health record
KW  - TRIPOD
KW  - clinical
KW  - informatics
KW  - prediction
KW  - mortality
KW  - EHR
KW  - cohort
KW  - hospital
KW  - performance
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2196/24018
SN  - 1439-4456
SN  - 1438-8871
VL  - 22
IS  - 11
PB  - Healthcare World
CY  - Richmond, Va.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Döll, Stefanie
A1  - Djalali Farahani-Kofoet, Roxana
A1  - Zrenner, Rita
A1  - Henze, Andrea
A1  - Witzel, Katja
T1  - Tissue-specific signatures of metabolites and proteins in asparagus roots and exudates
JF  - Horticulture research
N2  - Comprehensive untargeted and targeted analysis of root exudate composition has advanced our understanding of rhizosphere processes. However, little is known about exudate spatial distribution and regulation. We studied the specific metabolite signatures of asparagus root exudates, root outer (epidermis and exodermis), and root inner tissues (cortex and vasculature). The greatest differences were found between exudates and root tissues. In total, 263 non-redundant metabolites were identified as significantly differentially abundant between the three root fractions, with the majority being enriched in the root exudate and/or outer tissue and annotated as 'lipids and lipid-like molecules' or 'phenylpropanoids and polyketides'. Spatial distribution was verified for three selected compounds using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry imaging. Tissue-specific proteome analysis related root tissue-specific metabolite distributions and rhizodeposition with underlying biosynthetic pathways and transport mechanisms. The proteomes of root outer and inner tissues were spatially very distinct, in agreement with the fundamental differences between their functions and structures. According to KEGG pathway analysis, the outer tissue proteome was characterized by a high abundance of proteins related to 'lipid metabolism', 'biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites' and 'transport and catabolism', reflecting its main functions of providing a hydrophobic barrier, secreting secondary metabolites, and mediating water and nutrient uptake. Proteins more abundant in the inner tissue related to 'transcription', 'translation' and 'folding, sorting and degradation', in accord with the high activity of cortical and vasculature cell layers in growth- and development-related processes. In summary, asparagus root fractions accumulate specific metabolites. This expands our knowledge of tissue-specific plant cell function.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00510-5
SN  - 2052-7276
SN  - 2662-6810
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
PB  - Nanjing Agricultural Univ.
CY  - Nanjing
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Löw, Martina
A1  - Sayman, Volkan
A1  - Schwerer, Jona
A1  - Wolf, Hannah
ED  - Löw, Martina
ED  - Sayman, Volkan
ED  - Schwerer, Jona
ED  - Wolf, Hannah
T1  - Am Ende der Globalisierung
BT  - über die Refiguration von Räumen
T2  - Am Ende der Globalisierung
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-8394-5402-2
SN  - 978-3-8376-5402-8
U6  - https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839454022
SP  - 9
EP  - 22
PB  - transcript
CY  - Bielefeld
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kapidzic, Sanja
A1  - Frey, Felix
A1  - Neuberger, Christoph
A1  - Stieglitz, Stefan
A1  - Mirbabaie, Milad
T1  - Crisis communication on Twitter
BT  - differences between user types in top tweets about the 2015 “refugee crisis” in Germany
JF  - International journal of communication
N2  - The study explores differences between three user types in the top tweets about the 2015 “refugee crisis” in Germany and presents the results of a quantitative content analysis. All tweets with the keyword “Flüchtlinge” posted for a monthlong period following September 13, 2015, the day Germany decided to implement border controls, were collected (N = 763,752). The top 2,495 tweets according to number of retweets were selected for analysis. Differences between news media, public and private actor tweets in topics, tweet characteristics such as tone and opinion expression, links, and specific sentiments toward refugees were analyzed. We found strong differences between the tweets. Public actor tweets were the main source of positive sentiment toward refugees and the main information source on refugee support. News media tweets mostly reflected traditional journalistic norms of impartiality and objectivity, whereas private actor tweets were more diverse in sentiments toward refugees.
KW  - refugee crisis 2015
KW  - Germany
KW  - social media
KW  - Twitter
KW  - user types
Y1  - 2023
UR  - https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/18172/4022
SN  - 1932-8036
VL  - 17
SP  - 735
EP  - 754
PB  - The Annenberg Center for Communication
CY  - Los Angeles, Calif.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Toumoulin, Agathe
A1  - Tardif-Becquet, Delphine
A1  - Donnadieu, Yannick
A1  - Licht, Alexis
A1  - Ladant, Jean-Baptiste
A1  - Kunzmann, Lutz
A1  - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume
T1  - Evolution of continental temperature seasonality from the Eocene greenhouse to the Oligocene icehouse
BT  - a model-data comparison
JF  - Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - At the junction of greenhouse and icehouse climate states, the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT) is a key moment in Cenozoic climate history. While it is associated with severe extinctions and biodiversity turnovers on land, the role of terrestrial climate evolution remains poorly resolved, especially the associated changes in seasonality. Some paleobotanical and geochemical continental records in parts of the Northern Hemisphere suggest the EOT is associated with a marked cooling in winter, leading to the development of more pronounced seasons (i.e., an increase in the mean annual range of temperature, MATR). However, the MATR increase has been barely studied by climate models and large uncertainties remain on its origin, geographical extent and impact. In order to better understand and describe temperature seasonality changes between the middle Eocene and the early Oligocene, we use the Earth system model IPSL-CM5A2 and a set of simulations reconstructing the EOT through three major climate forcings: pCO(2) decrease (1120, 840 and 560 ppm), the Antarctic ice-sheet (AIS) formation and the associated sea-level decrease. Our simulations suggest that pCO(2) lowering alone is not sufficient to explain the seasonality evolution described by the data through the EOT but rather that the combined effects of pCO(2) , AIS formation and increased continentality provide the best data-model agreement.pCO(2) decrease induces a zonal pattern with alternating increasing and decreasing seasonality bands particularly strong in the northern high latitudes (up to 8 degrees C MATR increase) due to sea-ice and surface albedo feedback. Conversely, the onset of the AIS is responsible for a more constant surface albedo yearly, which leads to a strong decrease in seasonality in the southern midlatitudes to high latitudes (> 40 degrees S). Finally, continental areas that emerged due to the sea-level lowering cause the largest increase in seasonality and explain most of the global heterogeneity in MATR changes (1MATR) patterns. The Delta MATR patterns we reconstruct are generally consistent with the variability of the EOT biotic crisis intensity across the Northern Hemisphere and provide insights on their underlying mechanisms.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-341-2022
SN  - 1814-9324
SN  - 1814-9332
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
SP  - 341
EP  - 362
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tardif-Becquet, Delphine
A1  - Fluteau, Frédéric
A1  - Donnadieu, Yannick
A1  - Le Hir, Guillaume
A1  - Ladant, Jean-Baptiste
A1  - Sepulchre, Pierre
A1  - Licht, Alexis
A1  - Poblete, Fernando
A1  - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume
T1  - The origin of Asian monsoons
BT  - a modelling perspective
JF  - Climate of the Past
N2  - The Cenozoic inception and development of the Asian monsoons remain unclear and have generated much debate, as several hypotheses regarding circulation patterns at work in Asia during the Eocene have been proposed in the few last decades. These include (a) the existence of modern-like monsoons since the early Eocene; (b) that of a weak South Asian monsoon (SAM) and little to no East Asian monsoon (EAM); or (c) a prevalence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) migrations, also referred to as Indonesian-Australian monsoon (I-AM). As SAM and EAM are supposed to have been triggered or enhanced primarily by Asian palaeogeographic changes, their possible inception in the very dynamic Eocene palaeogeographic context remains an open question, both in the modelling and field-based communities. We investigate here Eocene Asian climate conditions using the IPSL-CM5A2 (Sepulchre et al., 2019) earth system model and revised palaeogeographies. Our Eocene climate simulation yields atmospheric circulation patterns in Asia substantially different from modern conditions. A large high-pressure area is simulated over the Tethys ocean, which generates intense low tropospheric winds blowing southward along the western flank of the proto-Himalayan-Tibetan plateau (HTP) system. This low-level wind system blocks, to latitudes lower than 10 degrees N, the migration of humid and warm air masses coming from the Indian Ocean. This strongly contrasts with the modern SAM, during which equatorial air masses reach a latitude of 20-25 degrees N over India and southeastern China. Another specific feature of our Eocene simulation is the widespread subsidence taking place over northern India in the midtroposphere (around 5000 m), preventing deep convective updraught that would transport water vapour up to the condensation level. Both processes lead to the onset of a broad arid region located over northern India and over the HTP. More humid regions of high seasonality in precipitation encircle this arid area, due to the prevalence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) migrations (or Indonesian-Australian monsoon, I-AM) rather than monsoons. Although the existence of this central arid region may partly result from the specifics of our simulation (model dependence and palaeogeographic uncertainties) and has yet to be confirmed by proxy records, most of the observational evidence for Eocene monsoons are located in the highly seasonal transition zone between the arid area and the more humid surroundings. We thus suggest that a zonal arid climate prevailed over Asia before the initiation of monsoons that most likely occurred following Eocene palaeogeographic changes. Our results also show that precipitation seasonality should be used with caution to infer the presence of a monsoonal circulation and that the collection of new data in this arid area is of paramount importance to allow the debate to move forward.
KW  - earth system model
KW  - early eocene
KW  - tibetan plateau
KW  - climate-change
KW  - oligocene climate
KW  - summer monsoon
KW  - global monsoon
KW  - ice sheet
KW  - part 1
KW  - China
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-847-2020
SN  - 1814-9332
SN  - 1814-9324
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
SP  - 847
EP  - 865
PB  - Copernicus Publications
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - König, Johanna
A1  - Block, Andrea
A1  - Becker, Mathias
A1  - Fenske, Kristin
A1  - Hertel, Johannes
A1  - Van der Auwera, Sandra
A1  - Zymara, Kathleen
A1  - Voelzke, Henry
A1  - Freyberger, Harald Jürgen
A1  - Grabe, Hans Joergen
T1  - Assessment of subjective emotional valence and long-lasting impact of life events
BT  - development and psychometrics of the Stralsund Life Event List (SEL)
JF  - BMC Psychiatry
N2  - Background: Life events (LEs) are associated with future physical and mental health. They are crucial for understanding the pathways to mental disorders as well as the interactions with biological parameters. However, deeper insight is needed into the complex interplay between the type of LE, its subjective evaluation and accompanying factors such as social support. The "Stralsund Life Event List" (SEL) was developed to facilitate this research. 
Methods: The SEL is a standardized interview that assesses the time of occurrence and frequency of 81 LEs, their subjective emotional valence, the perceived social support during the LE experience and the impact of past LEs on present life. Data from 2265 subjects from the general population-based cohort study "Study of Health in Pomerania" (SHIP) were analysed. Based on the mean emotional valence ratings of the whole sample, LEs were categorized as "positive" or "negative". For verification, the SEL was related to lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD; Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview), childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), resilience (Resilience Scale) and subjective health (SF-12 Health Survey). 
Conclusions: The SEL is a valid instrument that enables the analysis of the number and frequency of LEs, their emotional valence, perceived social support and current impact on life on a global score and on an individual item level. Thus, we can recommend its use in research settings that require the assessment and analysis of the relationship between the occurrence and subjective evaluation of LEs as well as the complex balance between distressing and stabilizing life experiences.
KW  - Positive life events
KW  - Negative life events
KW  - General population
KW  - Emotional valence
KW  - Depressive disorder
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1649-3
SN  - 1471-244X
VL  - 18
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herrmann, Matthias L.
A1  - Boden, Cindy
A1  - Maurer, Christoph
A1  - Kentischer, Felix
A1  - Mennig, Eva
A1  - Wagner, Sören
A1  - Conzelmann, Lars O.
A1  - Förstner, Bernd R.
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - von Arnim, Christine A. F.
A1  - Denkinger, Michael
A1  - Eschweiler, Gerhard W.
A1  - Thomas, Christine
T1  - Anticholinergic drug exposure increases the risk of delirium in older patients undergoing elective surgery
JF  - Frontiers in medicine
N2  - IntroductionPostoperative delirium (POD) is a common and serious adverse event of surgery in older people. Because of its great impact on patients' safety and quality of life, identification of modifiable risk factors could be useful. Although preoperative medication intake is assumed to be an important modifiable risk factor, the impact of anticholinergic drugs on the occurrence of POD seems underestimated in elective surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative anticholinergic burden and POD. We hypothesized that a high preoperative anticholinergic burden is an independent, potentially modifiable predisposing and precipitating factor of POD in older people. MethodsBetween November 2017 and April 2019, 1,470 patients of 70 years and older undergoing elective orthopedic, general, cardiac, or vascular surgery were recruited in the randomized, prospective, multicenter PAWEL trial. Anticholinergic burden of a sub-cohort of 899 patients, who did not receive a multimodal intervention for preventing POD, was assessed by two different tools at hospital admission: The established Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS) and the recently developed Anticholinergic Burden Score (ABS). POD was detected by confusion assessment method (CAM) and a validated post discharge medical record review. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between anticholinergic burden and POD. ResultsPOD was observed in 210 of 899 patients (23.4%). Both ARS and ABS were independently associated with POD. The association persisted after adjustment for relevant confounding factors such as age, sex, comorbidities, preoperative cognitive and physical status, number of prescribed drugs, surgery time, type of surgery and anesthesia, usage of heart-lung-machine, and treatment in intensive care unit. If a patient was taking one of the 56 drugs listed in the ABS, risk for POD was 2.7-fold higher (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.55-4.94) and 1.5-fold higher per additional point on the ARS (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.15-2.02). ConclusionPreoperative anticholinergic drug exposure measured by ARS or ABS was independently associated with POD in older patients undergoing elective surgery. Therefore, identification, discontinuation or substitution of anticholinergic medication prior to surgery may be a promising approach to reduce the risk of POD in older patients.
KW  - delirium
KW  - acute encephalopathy
KW  - surgery
KW  - anticholinergic
KW  - geriatric
KW  - postoperative
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.871229
SN  - 2296-858X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jara-Muñoz, Julius
A1  - Melnick, Daniel
A1  - Li, Shaoyang
A1  - Socquet, Anne
A1  - Cortés-Aranda, Joaquín
A1  - Brill, Dominik
A1  - Strecker, Manfred R.
T1  - The cryptic seismic potential of the Pichilemu blind fault in Chile revealed by off-fault geomorphology
JF  - Nature communications
N2  - The first step towards assessing hazards in seismically active regions involves mapping capable faults and estimating their recurrence times. While the mapping of active faults is commonly based on distinct geologic and geomorphic features evident at the surface, mapping blind seismogenic faults is complicated by the absence of on-fault diagnostic features. Here we investigated the Pichilemu Fault in coastal Chile, unknown until it generated a Mw 7.0 earthquake in 2010. The lack of evident surface faulting suggests activity along a partly-hidden blind fault. We used off-fault deformed marine terraces to estimate a fault-slip rate of 0.52 +/- 0.04 m/ka, which, when integrated with satellite geodesy suggests a 2.12 +/- 0.2 ka recurrence time for Mw similar to 7.0 normal-faulting earthquakes. We propose that extension in the Pichilemu region is associated with stress changes during megathrust earthquakes and accommodated by sporadic slip during upper-plate earthquakes, which has implications for assessing the seismic potential of cryptic faults along convergent margins and elsewhere.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30754-1
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Research
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Haugk, Charlotte
A1  - Jongejans, Loeka L.
A1  - Mangelsdorf, Kai
A1  - Fuchs, Matthias
A1  - Ogneva, Olga
A1  - Palmtag, Juri
A1  - Mollenhauer, Gesine
A1  - Mann, Paul J.
A1  - Overduin, P. Paul
A1  - Grosse, Guido
A1  - Sanders, Tina
A1  - Tuerena, Robyn E.
A1  - Schirrmeister, Lutz
A1  - Wetterich, Sebastian
A1  - Kizyakov, Alexander
A1  - Karger, Cornelia
A1  - Strauss, Jens
T1  - Organic matter characteristics of a rapidly eroding permafrost cliff in NE Siberia (Lena Delta, Laptev Sea region)
JF  - Biogeosciences
N2  - Organic carbon (OC) stored in Arctic permafrost represents one of Earth's largest and most vulnerable terrestrial carbon pools. Amplified climate warming across the Arctic results in widespread permafrost thaw. Permafrost deposits exposed at river cliffs and coasts are particularly susceptible to thawing processes. Accelerating erosion of terrestrial permafrost along shorelines leads to increased transfer of organic matter (OM) to nearshore waters. However, the amount of terrestrial permafrost carbon and nitrogen as well as the OM quality in these deposits is still poorly quantified. We define the OM quality as the intrinsic potential for further transformation, decomposition and mineralisation. Here, we characterise the sources and the quality of OM supplied to the Lena River at a rapidly eroding permafrost river shoreline cliff in the eastern part of the delta (Sobo-Sise Island). Our multi-proxy approach captures bulk elemental, molecu- lar geochemical and carbon isotopic analyses of Late Pleistocene Yedoma permafrost and Holocene cover deposits, discontinuously spanning the last similar to 52 kyr. We showed that the ancient permafrost exposed in the Sobo-Sise cliff has a high organic carbon content (mean of about 5 wt %). The oldest sediments stem from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 interstadial deposits (dated to 52 to 28 cal ka BP) and are overlaid by last glacial MIS 2 (dated to 28 to 15 cal ka BP) and Holocene MIS 1 (dated to 7-0 cal ka BP) deposits. The relatively high average chain length (ACL) index of n-alkanes along the cliff profile indicates a predominant contribution of vascular plants to the OM composition. The elevated ratio of isoand anteiso-branched fatty acids (FAs) relative to mid- and long-chain (C >= 20) n-FAs in the interstadial MIS 3 and the interglacial MIS 1 deposits suggests stronger microbial activity and consequently higher input of bacterial biomass during these climatically warmer periods. The overall high carbon preference index (CPI) and higher plant fatty acid (HPFA) values as well as high C/N ratios point to a good quality of the preserved OM and thus to a high potential of the OM for decomposition upon thaw. A decrease in HPFA values downwards along the profile probably indicates stronger OM decomposition in the oldest (MIS 3) deposits of the cliff. The characterisation of OM from eroding permafrost leads to a better assessment of the greenhouse gas potential of the OC released into river and nearshore waters in the future.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022
SN  - 1726-4170
SN  - 1726-4189
VL  - 19
IS  - 7
SP  - 2079
EP  - 2094
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Voglimacci-Stephanopoli, Joëlle
A1  - Wendleder, Anna
A1  - Lantuit, Hugues
A1  - Langlois, Alexandre
A1  - Stettner, Samuel
A1  - Schmitt, Andreas
A1  - Dedieu, Jean-Pierre
A1  - Roth, Achim
A1  - Royer, Alain
T1  - Potential of X-band polarimetric synthetic aperture radar co-polar phase difference for arctic snow depth estimation
JF  - Cryosphere
N2  - Changes in snowpack associated with climatic warming has drastic impacts on surface energy balance in the cryosphere. Yet, traditional monitoring techniques, such as punctual measurements in the field, do not cover the full snowpack spatial and temporal variability, which hampers efforts to upscale measurements to the global scale. This variability is one of the primary constraints in model development. In terms of spatial resolution, active microwaves (synthetic aperture radar - SAR) can address the issue and outperform methods based on passive microwaves. Thus, high-spatial-resolution monitoring of snow depth (SD) would allow for better parameterization of local processes that drive the spatial variability of snow. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of the TerraSAR-X (TSX) SAR sensor and the wave co-polar phase difference (CPD) method for characterizing snow cover at high spatial resolution. Consequently, we first (1) investigate SD and depth hoar fraction (DHF) variability between different vegetation classes in the Ice Creek catchment (Qikiqtaruk/Herschel Island, Yukon, Canada) using in situ measurements collected over the course of a field campaign in 2019; (2) evaluate linkages between snow characteristics and CPD distribution over the 2019 dataset; and (3) determine CPD seasonality considering meteorological data over the 2015-2019 period. SD could be extracted using the CPD when certain conditions are met. A high incidence angle (>30 circle) with a high topographic wetness index (TWI) (>7.0) showed correlation between SD and CPD (R2 up to 0.72). Further, future work should address a threshold of sensitivity to TWI and incidence angle to map snow depth in such environments and assess the potential of using interpolation tools to fill in gaps in SD information on drier vegetation types.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2163-2022
SN  - 1994-0416
SN  - 1994-0424
VL  - 16
IS  - 6
SP  - 2163
EP  - 2181
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zech, Philipp
A1  - Schuch, Felipe
A1  - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto
A1  - Kangas, Maria
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Heissel, Andreas
T1  - Exercise, Comorbidities, and Health-Related Quality of Life in People Living with HIV
BT  - The HIBES Cohort Study
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
N2  - (1) Background: People with HIV (PWH) may perform more than one type of exercise cumulatively. The objective of this study is to investigate recreational exercise and its association with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and comorbidities in relation to potential covariates. (2) Methods: The HIBES study (HIV-Begleiterkrankungen-Sport) is a cross-sectional study for people with HIV. The differences between non-exercisers versus exercisers (cumulated vs. single type of exercises) were investigated using regression models based on 454 participants. (3) Results: Exercisers showed a higher HRQOL score compared to non-exercisers (Wilcox r = 0.2 to 0.239). Psychological disorders were identified as the main covariate. Participants performing exercise cumulatively showed higher scores in duration, frequency, and intensity when compared to participants performing only one type of exercise. The mental health summary score was higher for the cumulated and single type of exercise if a psychological disorder existed. Duration and intensity were associated with an increase of HRQOL, whilst a stronger association between psychological disorders and exercise variables were evident. Exercise duration (minutes) showed a significant effect on QOL (standardized beta = 0.1) and for participants with psychological disorders (standardized beta = 0.3), respectively. (4) Conclusions: Psychological disorders and other covariates have a prominent effect on HRQOL and its association with exercise. For PWH with a psychological disorder, a stronger relationship between HRQOL with exercise duration and intensity emerged. However, differentiation of high-HRQOL individuals warrants further investigation by considering additional factors.
KW  - HIV
KW  - exercise intensity
KW  - quality of life
KW  - comorbidity
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145138
SN  - 1660-4601
SN  - 1661-7827
VL  - 17
IS  - 14
PB  - MDPI AG
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Deeken, Friederike
A1  - Reichert, Markus
A1  - Zech, Hilmar
A1  - Wenzel, Julia
A1  - Wedemeyer, Friederike
A1  - Aguilera, Alvaro
A1  - Aslan, Acelya
A1  - Bach, Patrick
A1  - Bahr, Nadja Samia
A1  - Ebrahimi, Claudia
A1  - Fischbach, Pascale Christine
A1  - Ganz, Marvin
A1  - Garbusow, Maria
A1  - Großkopf, Charlotte M.
A1  - Heigert, Marie
A1  - Hentschel, Angela
A1  - Karl, Damian
A1  - Pelz, Patricia
A1  - Pinger, Mathieu
A1  - Riemerschmid, Carlotta
A1  - Rosenthal, Annika
A1  - Steffen, Johannes
A1  - Strehle, Jens
A1  - Weiss,, Franziska
A1  - Wieder, Gesine
A1  - Wieland, Alfred
A1  - Zaiser, Judith
A1  - Zimmermann, Sina
A1  - Walter, Henrik
A1  - Lenz, Bernd
A1  - Deserno, Lorenz
A1  - Smolka, Michael N.
A1  - Liu, Shuyan
A1  - Ebner-Priemer, Ulrich Walter
A1  - Heinz, Andreas
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
T1  - Patterns of Alcohol Consumption Among Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdowns in Germany
JF  - JAMA Network Open
N2  - Importance  Alcohol consumption (AC) leads to death and disability worldwide. Ongoing discussions on potential negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on AC need to be informed by real-world evidence.

Objective  To examine whether lockdown measures are associated with AC and consumption-related temporal and psychological within-person mechanisms.

Design, Setting, and Participants  This quantitative, intensive, longitudinal cohort study recruited 1743 participants from 3 sites from February 20, 2020, to February 28, 2021. Data were provided before and within the second lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: before lockdown (October 2 to November 1, 2020); light lockdown (November 2 to December 15, 2020); and hard lockdown (December 16, 2020, to February 28, 2021).

Main Outcomes and Measures  Daily ratings of AC (main outcome) captured during 3 lockdown phases (main variable) and temporal (weekends and holidays) and psychological (social isolation and drinking intention) correlates.

Results  Of the 1743 screened participants, 189 (119 [63.0%] male; median [IQR] age, 37 [27.5-52.0] years) with at least 2 alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) yet without the need for medically supervised alcohol withdrawal were included. These individuals provided 14 694 smartphone ratings from October 2020 through February 2021. Multilevel modeling revealed significantly higher AC (grams of alcohol per day) on weekend days vs weekdays (β = 11.39; 95% CI, 10.00-12.77; P < .001). Alcohol consumption was above the overall average on Christmas (β = 26.82; 95% CI, 21.87-31.77; P < .001) and New Year’s Eve (β = 66.88; 95% CI, 59.22-74.54; P < .001). During the hard lockdown, perceived social isolation was significantly higher (β = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.06-0.15; P < .001), but AC was significantly lower (β = −5.45; 95% CI, −8.00 to −2.90; P = .001). Independent of lockdown, intention to drink less alcohol was associated with lower AC (β = −11.10; 95% CI, −13.63 to −8.58; P < .001). Notably, differences in AC between weekend and weekdays decreased both during the hard lockdown (β = −6.14; 95% CI, −9.96 to −2.31; P = .002) and in participants with severe AUD (β = −6.26; 95% CI, −10.18 to −2.34; P = .002).

Conclusions and Relevance  This 5-month cohort study found no immediate negative associations of lockdown measures with overall AC. Rather, weekend-weekday and holiday AC patterns exceeded lockdown effects. Differences in AC between weekend days and weekdays evinced that weekend drinking cycles decreased as a function of AUD severity and lockdown measures, indicating a potential mechanism of losing and regaining control. This finding suggests that temporal patterns and drinking intention constitute promising targets for prevention and intervention, even in high-risk individuals.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.24641
SN  - 2574-3805
VL  - 5
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - JAMA Network / American Medical Association
CY  - Chicago, Illinois, USA
ET  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brahms, Markus
A1  - Heinzel, Stephan
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Mückstein, Marie
A1  - Hortobágyi, Tibor
A1  - Stelzel, Christine
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - The acute effects of mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy young and older adults – A systematic review and meta-analysis
JF  - Acta Psychologica
N2  - Cognitive resources contribute to balance control. There is evidence that mental fatigue reduces cognitive resources and impairs balance performance, particularly in older adults and when balance tasks are complex, for example when trying to walk or stand while concurrently performing a secondary cognitive task.

We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify eligible studies and performed a random effects meta-analysis to quantify the effects of experimentally induced mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy adults. Subgroup analyses were computed for age (healthy young vs. healthy older adults) and balance task complexity (balance tasks with high complexity vs. balance tasks with low complexity) to examine the moderating effects of these factors on fatigue-mediated balance performance.

We identified 7 eligible studies with 9 study groups and 206 participants. Analysis revealed that performing a prolonged cognitive task had a small but significant effect (SMDwm = −0.38) on subsequent balance performance in healthy young and older adults. However, age- and task-related differences in balance responses to fatigue could not be confirmed statistically.

Overall, aggregation of the available literature indicates that mental fatigue generally reduces balance in healthy adults. However, interactions between cognitive resource reduction, aging and balance task complexity remain elusive.
KW  - Cognitive fatigue
KW  - Exertion
KW  - Tiredness
KW  - Postural control
KW  - Gait
KW  - Sway
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103540
SN  - 1873-6297
VL  - 225
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Clausen, Sünje
A1  - Brünker, Felix
A1  - Stieglitz, Stefan
T1  - Towards responsible augmentation
BT  - identifying characteristics of AI-based technology with ethical implications for knowledge workers
T2  - ACIS 2023 proceedings
N2  - Artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies can increasingly perform knowledge work tasks, such as medical diagnosis. Thereby, it is expected that humans will not be replaced by AI but work closely with AI-based technology (“augmentation”). Augmentation has ethical implications for humans (e.g., impact on autonomy, opportunities to flourish through work), thus, developers and managers of AI-based technology have a responsibility to anticipate and mitigate risks to human workers. However, doing so can be difficult as AI encompasses a wide range of technologies, some of which enable fundamentally new forms of interaction. In this research-in-progress paper, we propose the development of a taxonomy to categorize unique characteristics of AI-based technology that influence the interaction and have ethical implications for human workers. The completed taxonomy will support researchers in forming cumulative knowledge on the ethical implications of augmentation and assist practitioners in the ethical design and management of AI-based technology in knowledge work.
KW  - artificial intelligence
KW  - augmentation
KW  - taxonomy
KW  - human-AI interaction
KW  - ethics
Y1  - 2023
UR  - https://aisel.aisnet.org/acis2023/123/
PB  - Australasian Association for Information Systems
CY  - Wellington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Agthe, Maria
A1  - Kayser, Daniela Niesta
A1  - Schwarz, Sascha
A1  - Maner, Jon K.
T1  - Antecedents of the red-romance effect
BT  - men's attractiveness and women's fertility
JF  - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science
N2  - The color red has been implicated in a variety of social processes, including those involving mating. While previous research suggests that women sometimes wear red strategically to increase their attractiveness, the replicability of this literature has been questioned. The current research is a reasonably powered conceptual replication designed to strengthen this literature by testing whether women are more inclined to display the color red 1) during fertile (as compared with less fertile) days of the menstrual cycle, and 2) when expecting to interact with an attractive man (as compared with a less attractive man and with a control condition). Analyses controlled for a number of theoretically relevant covariates (relationship status, age, the current weather). Only the latter hypothesis received mixed support (mainly among women on hormonal birth control), whereas results concerning the former hypothesis did not reach significance. Women (N = 281) displayed more red when expecting to interact with an attractive man; findings did not support the prediction that women would increase their display of red on fertile days of the cycle. Findings thus suggested only mixed replicability for the link between the color red and psychological processes involving romantic attraction. They also illustrate the importance of further investigating the boundary conditions of color effects on everyday social processes.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284035
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
PB  - PLOS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmicker, Marlen
A1  - Frühling, Insa
A1  - Menze, Inga
A1  - Glanz, Wenzel
A1  - Müller, Patrick
A1  - Noesselt, Toemme
A1  - Müller, Notger Germar
T1  - The potential role of gustatory function as an early diagnostic marker for the risk of alzheimer's disease in subjective cognitive decline
JF  - Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports : JADR
N2  - Background: Patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) report memory deterioration and are at an increased risk of converting to Alzheimer's disease (AD) although psychophysical testing does not reveal any cognitive deficit. 

Objective: Here, gustatory function is investigated as a potential predictor for an increased risk of progressive cognitive decline indicating higher AD risk in SCD. 

Methods: Measures of smell and taste perception as well as neuropsychological data were assessed in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD): Subgroups with an increased likelihood of the progression to preclinical AD (SCD+) and those with a lower likelihood (SCD-) were compared to healthy controls (HC), patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD patients. The Sniffin' Sticks test contained 12 items with different qualities and taste was measured with 32 taste stripes (sweet, salty, bitter, sour) of different concentration. 

Results: Only taste was able to distinguish between HC/SCD- and SCD+ patients.

Conclusion: This study provides a first hint of taste as a more sensitive marker than smell for detecting preclinical AD in SCD. Longitudinal observation of cognition and pathology are necessary to further evaluate taste perception as a predictor of pathological objective decline in cognition.
KW  - Alzheimer's disease
KW  - dementia
KW  - diagnostic marker
KW  - early diagnosis
KW  - subjective cognitive decline
KW  - taste
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3233/ADR220092
SN  - 2542-4823
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
SP  - 249
EP  - 262
PB  - IOS Press
CY  - Clifton, VA
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Xiong, Yingquan
A1  - Delic, Denis
A1  - Zeng, Shufei
A1  - Chen, Xin
A1  - Chu, Chang
A1  - Hasan, Ahmed A.
A1  - Krämer, Bernhard K.
A1  - Klein, Thomas
A1  - Yin, Lianghong
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
T1  - Regulation of SARS CoV-2 host factors in the kidney and heart in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy-effects of salt, ARB, DPP4 inhibitor and SGLT2 blocker
JF  - BMC nephrology
N2  - Background Host factors such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the transmembrane protease, serine-subtype-2 (TMPRSS2) are important factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical and pre-clinical studies demonstrated that RAAS-blocking agents can be safely used during a SARS-CoV-2 infection but it is unknown if DPP-4 inhibitors or SGLT2-blockers may promote COVID-19 by increasing the host viral entry enzymes ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Methods We investigated telmisartan, linagliptin and empagliflozin induced effects on renal and cardiac expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and key enzymes involved in RAAS (REN, AGTR2, AGT) under high-salt conditions in a non-diabetic experimental 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) model. In the present study, the gene expression of Ace2, Tmprss2, Ren, Agtr2 and Agt was assessed with qRT-PCR and the protein expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 with immunohistochemistry in the following experimental groups: Sham + normal diet (ND) + placebo (PBO); 5/6Nx + ND + PBO; 5/6Nx + high salt-diet (HSD) + PBO; 5/6Nx + HSD + telmisartan; 5/6Nx + HSD + linagliptin; 5/6Nx + HSD + empagliflozin. Results In the kidney, the expression of Ace2 was not altered on mRNA level under disease and treatment conditions. The renal TMPRSS2 levels (mRNA and protein) were not affected, whereas the cardiac level was significantly increased in 5/6Nx rats. Intriguingly, the elevated TMPRSS2 protein expression in the heart was significantly normalized after treatment with telmisartan, linagliptin and empagliflozin. Conclusions Our study indicated that there is no upregulation regarding host factors potentially promoting SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into host cells when the SGLT2-blocker empagliflozin, telmisartan and the DPP4-inhibitor blocker linagliptin are used. The results obtained in a preclinical, experimental non-diabetic kidney failure model need confirmation in ongoing interventional clinical trials.
KW  - SARS CoV-2 host factors
KW  - 5/6 nephrectomy
KW  - High-salt diet
KW  - ARB
KW  - DPP4 inhibitor
KW  - SGLT2 blocker
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-022-02747-1
SN  - 1471-2369
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heistermann, Maik
A1  - Francke, Till
A1  - Scheiffele, Lena
A1  - Petrova, Katya Dimitrova
A1  - Budach, Christian
A1  - Schrön, Martin
A1  - Trost, Benjamin
A1  - Rasche, Daniel
A1  - Güntner, Andreas
A1  - Doepper, Veronika
A1  - Förster, Michael
A1  - Köhli, Markus
A1  - Angermann, Lisa
A1  - Antonoglou, Nikolaos
A1  - Zude, Manuela
A1  - Oswald, Sascha
T1  - Three years of soil moisture observations by a dense cosmic-ray neutron sensing cluster at an agricultural research site in north-east Germany
JF  - Earth system science data : ESSD
N2  - Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) allows for the estimation of root-zone soil water content (SWC) at the scale of several hectares. In this paper, we present the data recorded by a dense CRNS network operated from 2019 to 2022 at an agricultural research site in Marquardt, Germany - the first multi-year CRNS cluster. Consisting, at its core, of eight permanently installed CRNS sensors, the cluster was supplemented by a wealth of complementary measurements: data from seven additional temporary CRNS sensors, partly co-located with the permanent ones; 27 SWC profiles (mostly permanent); two groundwater observation wells; meteorological records; and Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (GNSS-R). Complementary to these continuous measurements, numerous campaign-based activities provided data by mobile CRNS roving, hyperspectral im-agery via UASs, intensive manual sampling of soil properties (SWC, bulk density, organic matter, texture, soil hydraulic properties), and observations of biomass and snow (cover, depth, and density). The unique temporal coverage of 3 years entails a broad spectrum of hydro-meteorological conditions, including exceptional drought periods and extreme rainfall but also episodes of snow coverage, as well as a dedicated irrigation experiment. Apart from serving to advance CRNS-related retrieval methods, this data set is expected to be useful for vari-ous disciplines, for example, soil and groundwater hydrology, agriculture, or remote sensing. Hence, we show exemplary features of the data set in order to highlight the potential for such subsequent studies. The data are available at doi.org/10.23728/b2share.551095325d74431881185fba1eb09c95 (Heistermann et al., 2022b).
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3243-2023
SN  - 1866-3508
SN  - 1866-3516
VL  - 15
IS  - 7
SP  - 3243
EP  - 3262
PB  - Copernics Publications
CY  - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shams, Boshra
A1  - Wang, Ziqian
A1  - Roine, Timo
A1  - Aydogan, Dogu Baran
A1  - Vajkoczy, Peter
A1  - Lippert, Christoph
A1  - Picht, Thomas
A1  - Fekonja, Lucius Samo
T1  - Machine learning-based prediction of motor status in glioma patients using diffusion MRI metrics along the corticospinal tract
JF  - Brain communications
N2  - Shams et al. report that glioma patients' motor status is predicted accurately by diffusion MRI metrics along the corticospinal tract based on support vector machine method, reaching an overall accuracy of 77%. They show that these metrics are more effective than demographic and clinical variables. 

Along tract statistics enables white matter characterization using various diffusion MRI metrics. These diffusion models reveal detailed insights into white matter microstructural changes with development, pathology and function. Here, we aim at assessing the clinical utility of diffusion MRI metrics along the corticospinal tract, investigating whether motor glioma patients can be classified with respect to their motor status. We retrospectively included 116 brain tumour patients suffering from either left or right supratentorial, unilateral World Health Organization Grades II, III and IV gliomas with a mean age of 53.51 +/- 16.32 years. Around 37% of patients presented with preoperative motor function deficits according to the Medical Research Council scale. At group level comparison, the highest non-overlapping diffusion MRI differences were detected in the superior portion of the tracts' profiles. Fractional anisotropy and fibre density decrease, apparent diffusion coefficient axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity increase. To predict motor deficits, we developed a method based on a support vector machine using histogram-based features of diffusion MRI tract profiles (e.g. mean, standard deviation, kurtosis and skewness), following a recursive feature elimination method. Our model achieved high performance (74% sensitivity, 75% specificity, 74% overall accuracy and 77% area under the curve). We found that apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity contributed more than other features to the model. Incorporating the patient demographics and clinical features such as age, tumour World Health Organization grade, tumour location, gender and resting motor threshold did not affect the model's performance, revealing that these features were not as effective as microstructural measures. These results shed light on the potential patterns of tumour-related microstructural white matter changes in the prediction of functional deficits.
KW  - machine learning
KW  - support vector machine
KW  - tractography
KW  - diffusion MRI;
KW  - corticospinal tract
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcac141
SN  - 2632-1297
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - de Carvalho Souza, Alyson Matheus
A1  - Barrocas, Roberta
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Arnaud, Emanuel
A1  - Moeller, Korbinian
A1  - Rennó-Costa, César
T1  - Combining virtual reality and tactile stimulation to investigate embodied finger-based numerical representations
JF  - Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation
N2  - Finger-based representation of numbers is a high-level cognitive strategy to assist numerical and arithmetic processing in children and adults. It is unclear whether this paradigm builds on simple perceptual features or comprises several attributes through embodiment. Here we describe the development and initial testing of an experimental setup to study embodiment during a finger-based numerical task using Virtual Reality (VR) and a low-cost tactile stimulator that is easy to build. Using VR allows us to create new ways to study finger-based numerical representation using a virtual hand that can be manipulated in ways our hand cannot, such as decoupling tactile and visual stimuli. The goal is to present a new methodology that can allow researchers to study embodiment through this new approach, maybe shedding new light on the cognitive strategy behind the finger-based representation of numbers. In this case, a critical methodological requirement is delivering precisely targeted sensory stimuli to specific effectors while simultaneously recording their behavior and engaging the participant in a simulated experience. We tested the device's capability by stimulating users in different experimental configurations. Results indicate that our device delivers reliable tactile stimulation to all fingers of a participant's hand without losing motion tracking quality during an ongoing task. This is reflected by an accuracy of over 95% in participants detecting stimulation of a single finger or multiple fingers in sequential stimulation as indicated by experiments with sixteen participants. We discuss possible application scenarios, explain how to apply our methodology to study the embodiment of finger-based numerical representations and other high-level cognitive functions, and discuss potential further developments of the device based on the data obtained in our testing.
KW  - virtual reality
KW  - numerical cognition
KW  - finger counting
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - cognitive science
KW  - virtual environment
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1119561
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 14
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stübler, Sabine
A1  - Kloft, Charlotte
A1  - Huisinga, Wilhelm
T1  - Cell-level systems biology model to study inflammatory bowel diseases and their treatment options
JF  - CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology
N2  - To help understand the complex and therapeutically challenging inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), we developed a systems biology model of the intestinal immune system that is able to describe main aspects of IBD and different treatment modalities thereof. The model, including key cell types and processes of the mucosal immune response, compiles a large amount of isolated experimental findings from literature into a larger context and allows for simulations of different inflammation scenarios based on the underlying data and assumptions. In the context of a large and diverse virtual IBD population, we characterized the patients based on their phenotype (in contrast to healthy individuals, they developed persistent inflammation after a trigger event) rather than on a priori assumptions on parameter differences to a healthy individual. This allowed to reproduce the enormous diversity of predispositions known to lead to IBD. Analyzing different treatment effects, the model provides insight into characteristics of individual drug therapy. We illustrate for anti-TNF-alpha therapy, how the model can be used (i) to decide for alternative treatments with best prospects in the case of nonresponse, and (ii) to identify promising combination therapies with other available treatment options.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12932
SN  - 2163-8306
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
SP  - 690
EP  - 705
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kaya, Mustafa Yücel
A1  - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume
A1  - Frieling, Joost
A1  - Fioroni, Chiara
A1  - Rohrmann, Alexander
A1  - Altıner, Sevinç Özkan
A1  - Vardar, Ezgi
A1  - Tanyas, Hakan
A1  - Mamtimin, Mehmut
A1  - Zhaojie, Guo
T1  - The Eurasian epicontinental sea was an important carbon sink during the Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum
JF  - Communications earth and environment
N2  - The Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (ca. 56 million years ago) offers a primary analogue for future global warming and carbon cycle recovery. Yet, where and how massive carbon emissions were mitigated during this climate warming event remains largely unknown. Here we show that organic carbon burial in the vast epicontinental seaways that extended over Eurasia provided a major carbon sink during the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. We coupled new and existing stratigraphic analyses to a detailed paleogeographic framework and using spatiotemporal interpolation calculated ca. 720–1300 Gt organic carbon excess burial, focused in the eastern parts of the Eurasian epicontinental seaways. A much larger amount (2160–3900 Gt C, and when accounting for the increase in inundated shelf area 7400–10300 Gt C) could have been sequestered in similar environments globally. With the disappearance of most epicontinental seas since the Oligocene-Miocene, an effective negative carbon cycle feedback also disappeared making the modern carbon cycle critically dependent on the slower silicate weathering feedback.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00451-4
SN  - 2662-4435
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - van Soest, Heleen L.
A1  - Aleluia Reis, Lara
A1  - Baptista, Luiz Bernardo
A1  - Bertram, Christoph
A1  - Després, Jacques
A1  - Drouet, Laurent
A1  - den Elzen, Michel
A1  - Fragkos, Panagiotis
A1  - Fricko, Oliver
A1  - Fujimori, Shinichiro
A1  - Grant, Neil
A1  - Harmsen, Mathijs
A1  - Iyer, Gokul
A1  - Keramidas, Kimon
A1  - Köberle, Alexandre C.
A1  - Kriegler, Elmar
A1  - Malik, Aman
A1  - Mittal, Shivika
A1  - Oshiro, Ken
A1  - Riahi, Keywan
A1  - Roelfsema, Mark
A1  - van Ruijven, Bas
A1  - Schaeffer, Roberto
A1  - Silva Herran, Diego
A1  - Tavoni, Massimo
A1  - Ünlü, Gamze
A1  - Vandyck, Toon
A1  - van Vuuren, Detlef P.
T1  - Global roll-out of comprehensive policy measures may aid in bridging emissions gap
JF  - Nature communications
N2  - Closing the emissions gap between Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the global emissions levels needed to achieve the Paris Agreement’s climate goals will require a comprehensive package of policy measures. National and sectoral policies can help fill the gap, but success stories in one country cannot be automatically replicated in other countries. They need to be adapted to the local context. Here, we develop a new Bridge scenario based on nationally relevant, short-term measures informed by interactions with country experts. These good practice policies are rolled out globally between now and 2030 and combined with carbon pricing thereafter. We implement this scenario with an ensemble of global integrated assessment models. We show that the Bridge scenario closes two-thirds of the emissions gap between NDC and 2 °C scenarios by 2030 and enables a pathway in line with the 2 °C goal when combined with the necessary long-term changes, i.e. more comprehensive pricing measures after 2030. The Bridge scenario leads to a scale-up of renewable energy (reaching 52%–88% of global electricity supply by 2050), electrification of end-uses, efficiency improvements in energy demand sectors, and enhanced afforestation and reforestation. Our analysis suggests that early action via good-practice policies is less costly than a delay in global climate cooperation.
KW  - climate-change mitigation
KW  - climate-change policy
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26595-z
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Nature Publishing Group UK
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ye, Fangyuan
A1  - Zhang, Shuo
A1  - Warby, Jonathan
A1  - Wu, Jiawei
A1  - Gutierrez-Partida, Emilio
A1  - Lang, Felix
A1  - Shah, Sahil
A1  - Saglamkaya, Elifnaz
A1  - Sun, Bowen
A1  - Zu, Fengshuo
A1  - Shoai, Safa
A1  - Wang, Haifeng
A1  - Stiller, Burkhard
A1  - Neher, Dieter
A1  - Zhu, Wei-Hong
A1  - Stolterfoht, Martin
A1  - Wu, Yongzhen
T1  - Overcoming C₆₀-induced interfacial recombination in inverted perovskite solar cells by electron-transporting carborane
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Inverted perovskite solar cells still suffer from significant non-radiative recombination losses at the perovskite surface and across the perovskite/C₆₀ interface, limiting the future development of perovskite-based single- and multi-junction photovoltaics. Therefore, more effective inter- or transport layers are urgently required. To tackle these recombination losses, we introduce ortho-carborane as an interlayer material that has a spherical molecular structure and a three-dimensional aromaticity. Based on a variety of experimental techniques, we show that ortho-carborane decorated with phenylamino groups effectively passivates the perovskite surface and essentially eliminates the non-radiative recombination loss across the perovskite/C₆₀ interface with high thermal stability. We further demonstrate the potential of carborane as an electron transport material, facilitating electron extraction while blocking holes from the interface. The resulting inverted perovskite solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of over 23% with a low non-radiative voltage loss of 110 mV, and retain >97% of the initial efficiency after 400 h of maximum power point tracking. Overall, the designed carborane based interlayer simultaneously enables passivation, electron-transport and hole-blocking and paves the way toward more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34203-x
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
ED  - Löw, Martina
ED  - Sayman, Volkan
ED  - Schwerer, Jona
ED  - Wolf, Hannah
T1  - Am Ende der Globalisierung
BT  - über die Refiguration von Räumen
T3  - Re-Figuration von Räumen
N2  - Die Globalisierung ist zur allgegenwärtigen Gewissheit geworden. Doch wie zutreffend ist das Konzept »Globalisierung«, wenn zeitgleich nationale Grenzen gestärkt und transnationale Freihandelszonen ausgeweitet werden, wenn auf unterschiedlichen scales Territorien überwunden und zugleich territoriale Abgrenzungen neu gesetzt werden? Aktuelle Veränderungen als Re-Figuration von Räumen zu verstehen, ermöglicht die Analyse und Diskussion widersprüchlicher, spannungsreicher und konflikthafter räumlicher Prozesse und ihrer alltäglichen Erfahrung. Die interdisziplinären Beiträge des Bandes liefern theoretische und empirische Analysen zu politischen, digitalen und alltäglichen Räumen im Konzept der Re-Figuration.
KW  - Globalisierung
KW  - Raum
KW  - Re-Figuration
KW  - Moderne
KW  - Sicherheit
KW  - Stadt
KW  - Land
KW  - Nationalstaat
KW  - Europa
KW  - Wissen
KW  - Grenze
KW  - Digitale Planung
KW  - Smart City
KW  - Öffentlichkeit
KW  - Medien
KW  - Migration
KW  - Tourismus
KW  - Berlin
KW  - Wandel
KW  - Lebensmittel
KW  - Materialität
KW  - Soziologische Theorie
KW  - Soziologie
KW  - globalization
KW  - space
KW  - modernity
KW  - security
KW  - city
KW  - country
KW  - nation-state
KW  - europe
KW  - knowledge
KW  - border
KW  - digital planning
KW  - public sphere
KW  - media
KW  - tourism
KW  - change
KW  - foods
KW  - materiality
KW  - sociological theory
KW  - sociology
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-8376-5402-8
SN  - 978-3-8394-5402-2
U6  - https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839454022
VL  - 1
PB  - transcript
CY  - Bielefeld
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ehrig, Lukas
A1  - Wagner, Ann-Christin
A1  - Wolter, Heike
A1  - Correll, Christoph U.
A1  - Geisel, Olga
A1  - Konigorski, Stefan
T1  - FASDetect as a machine learning-based screening app for FASD in youth with ADHD
JF  - npj Digital Medicine
N2  - Fetal alcohol-spectrum disorder (FASD) is underdiagnosed and often misdiagnosed as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we develop a screening tool for FASD in youth with ADHD symptoms. To develop the prediction model, medical record data from a German University outpatient unit are assessed including 275 patients aged 0-19 years old with FASD with or without ADHD and 170 patients with ADHD without FASD aged 0-19 years old. We train 6 machine learning models based on 13 selected variables and evaluate their performance. Random forest models yield the best prediction models with a cross-validated AUC of 0.92 (95% confidence interval [0.84, 0.99]). Follow-up analyses indicate that a random forest model with 6 variables - body length and head circumference at birth, IQ, socially intrusive behaviour, poor memory and sleep disturbance - yields equivalent predictive accuracy. We implement the prediction model in a web-based app called FASDetect - a user-friendly, clinically scalable FASD risk calculator that is freely available at https://fasdetect.dhc-lab.hpi.de.
KW  - Medical research
KW  - Psychiatric disorders
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00864-1
SN  - 2398-6352
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
PB  - Macmillan Publishers Limited
CY  - Basingstoke
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Slosarek, Tamara
A1  - Ibing, Susanne
A1  - Schormair, Barbara
A1  - Heyne, Henrike
A1  - Böttinger, Erwin
A1  - Andlauer, Till
A1  - Schurmann, Claudia
T1  - Implementation and evaluation of personal genetic testing as part of genomics analysis courses in German universities
JF  - BMC Medical Genomics
N2  - Purpose
Due to the increasing application of genome analysis and interpretation in medical disciplines, professionals require adequate education. Here, we present the implementation of personal genotyping as an educational tool in two genomics courses targeting Digital Health students at the Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI) and medical students at the Technical University of Munich (TUM).

Methods
We compared and evaluated the courses and the students ' perceptions on the course setup using questionnaires.

Results
During the course, students changed their attitudes towards genotyping (HPI: 79% [15 of 19], TUM: 47% [25 of 53]). Predominantly, students became more critical of personal genotyping (HPI: 73% [11 of 15], TUM: 72% [18 of 25]) and most students stated that genetic analyses should not be allowed without genetic counseling (HPI: 79% [15 of 19], TUM: 70% [37 of 53]). Students found the personal genotyping component useful (HPI: 89% [17 of 19], TUM: 92% [49 of 53]) and recommended its inclusion in future courses (HPI: 95% [18 of 19], TUM: 98% [52 of 53]).

Conclusion
Students perceived the personal genotyping component as valuable in the described genomics courses. The implementation described here can serve as an example for future courses in Europe.
KW  - Genomics education
KW  - Personal genotyping
KW  - Personalized medicine
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-023-01503-0
SN  - 1755-8794
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
PB  - BMC
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Rieskamp, Jonas
A1  - Mirbabaie, Milad
A1  - Hofeditz, Lennart
A1  - Vischedyk, Justin
T1  - Conversational agents and their influence on the well-being of cliniciansclinicians
T2  - ACIS 2023 proceedings
N2  - An increasing number of clinicians (i.e., nurses and physicians) suffer from mental health-related issues like depression and burnout. These, in turn, stress communication, collaboration, and decision- making—areas in which Conversational Agents (CAs) have shown to be useful. Thus, in this work, we followed a mixed-method approach and systematically analysed the literature on factors affecting the well-being of clinicians and CAs’ potential to improve said well-being by relieving support in communication, collaboration, and decision-making in hospitals. In this respect, we are guided by Brigham et al. (2018)’s model of factors influencing well-being. Based on an initial number of 840 articles, we further analysed 52 papers in more detail and identified the influences of CAs’ fields of application on external and individual factors affecting clinicians’ well-being. As our second method, we will conduct interviews with clinicians and experts on CAs to verify and extend these influencing factors.
KW  - conversational agents
KW  - well-being
KW  - mental health
KW  - hospitals
KW  - clinicians
Y1  - 2023
UR  - https://aisel.aisnet.org/acis2023/66
PB  - Australasian Association for Information Systems
CY  - Wellington
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Lemke, Tristan
T1  - Übergewinnsteuer durch die Hintertür
T2  - Verfassungsblog : on matters constitutional
KW  - Deutschland
KW  - Finanzverfassung
KW  - Sonderabgabe
KW  - Umlageverfahren
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.17176/20220909-230727-0
SN  - 2366-7044
PB  - Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Numberger, Daniela
A1  - Ganzert, Lars
A1  - Zoccarato, Luca
A1  - Mühldorfer, Kristin
A1  - Sauer, Sascha
A1  - Grossart, Hans-Peter
A1  - Greenwood, Alex D.
T1  - Characterization of bacterial communities in wastewater with enhanced taxonomic resolution by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - Wastewater treatment is crucial to environmental hygiene in urban environments. However, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) collect chemicals, organic matter, and microorganisms including pathogens and multi-resistant bacteria from various sources which may be potentially released into the environment via WWTP effluent. To better understand microbial dynamics in WWTPs, we characterized and compared the bacterial community of the inflow and effluent of a WWTP in Berlin, Germany using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences, which allowed for species level determination in many cases and generally resolved bacterial taxa. Significantly distinct bacterial communities were identified in the wastewater inflow and effluent samples. Dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) varied both temporally and spatially. Disease associated bacterial groups were efficiently reduced in their relative abundance from the effluent by the WWTP treatment process, except for Legionella and Leptospira species which demonstrated an increase in relative proportion from inflow to effluent. This indicates that WWTPs, while effective against enteric bacteria, may enrich and release other potentially pathogenic bacteria into the environment. The taxonomic resolution of full-length 16S rRNA genes allows for improved characterization of potential pathogenic taxa and other harmful bacteria which is required to reliably assess health risk.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46015-z
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 9
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kupfer, Thomas
A1  - Bauer, Evan B.
A1  - van Roestel, Jan
A1  - Bellm, Eric C.
A1  - Bildsten, Lars
A1  - Fuller, Jim
A1  - Prince, Thomas A.
A1  - Heber, Ulrich
A1  - Geier, Stephan
A1  - Green, Matthew J.
A1  - Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.
A1  - Bloemen, Steven
A1  - Laher, Russ R.
A1  - Rusholme, Ben
A1  - Schneider, David
T1  - Discovery of a Double-detonation Thermonuclear Supernova Progenitor
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Part 2, Letters
N2  - We present the discovery of a new double-detonation progenitor system consisting of a hot subdwarf B (sdB) binary with a white dwarf companion with a P (orb) = 76.34179(2) minutes orbital period. Spectroscopic observations are consistent with an sdB star during helium core burning residing on the extreme horizontal branch. Chimera light curves are dominated by ellipsoidal deformation of the sdB star and a weak eclipse of the companion white dwarf. Combining spectroscopic and light curve fits, we find a low-mass sdB star, M (sdB) = 0.383 +/- 0.028 M (circle dot) with a massive white dwarf companion, M (WD) = 0.725 +/- 0.026 M (circle dot). From the eclipses we find a blackbody temperature for the white dwarf of 26,800 K resulting in a cooling age of approximate to 25 Myr whereas our MESA model predicts an sdB age of approximate to 170 Myr. We conclude that the sdB formed first through stable mass transfer followed by a common envelope which led to the formation of the white dwarf companion approximate to 25 Myr ago. Using the MESA stellar evolutionary code we find that the sdB star will start mass transfer in approximate to 6 Myr and in approximate to 60 Myr the white dwarf will reach a total mass of 0.92 M (circle dot) with a thick helium layer of 0.17 M (circle dot). This will lead to a detonation that will likely destroy the white dwarf in a peculiar thermonuclear supernova. PTF1 J2238+7430 is only the second confirmed candidate for a double-detonation thermonuclear supernova. Using both systems we estimate that at least approximate to 1% of white dwarf thermonuclear supernovae originate from sdB+WD binaries with thick helium layers, consistent with the small number of observed peculiar thermonuclear explosions.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac48f1
SN  - 2041-8205
SN  - 2041-8213
VL  - 925
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Palmer, Matthew D.
A1  - Gregory, Jonathan
A1  - Bagge, Meike
A1  - Calvert, Daley
A1  - Hagedoorn, Jan Marius
A1  - Howard, Tom
A1  - Klemann, Volker
A1  - Lowe, Jason A.
A1  - Roberts, Chris
A1  - Slangen, Aimee B. A.
A1  - Spada, Giorgio
T1  - Exploring the drivers of global and local sea‐level change over the 21st century and beyond
JF  - Earth's future
N2  - We present a new set of global and local sea‐level projections at example tide gauge locations under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios. Compared to the CMIP5‐based sea‐level projections presented in IPCC AR5, we introduce a number of methodological innovations, including (i) more comprehensive treatment of uncertainties, (ii) direct traceability between global and local projections, and (iii) exploratory extended projections to 2300 based on emulation of individual CMIP5 models. Combining the projections with observed tide gauge records, we explore the contribution to total variance that arises from sea‐level variability, different emissions scenarios, and model uncertainty. For the period out to 2300 we further breakdown the model uncertainty by sea‐level component and consider the dependence on geographic location, time horizon, and emissions scenario. Our analysis highlights the importance of local variability for sea‐level change in the coming decades and the potential value of annual‐to‐decadal predictions of local sea‐level change. Projections to 2300 show a substantial degree of committed sea‐level rise under all emissions scenarios considered and highlight the reduced future risk associated with RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 compared to RCP8.5. Tide gauge locations can show large ( > 50%) departures from the global average, in some cases even reversing the sign of the change. While uncertainty in projections of the future Antarctic ice dynamic response tends to dominate post‐2100, we see substantial differences in the breakdown of model variance as a function of location, time scale, and emissions scenario.
KW  - climate change
KW  - CMIP5 models
KW  - RCP scenarios
KW  - sea-level projections
KW  - tide gauge observations
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001413
SN  - 2328-4277
VL  - 8
IS  - 9
SP  - 1
EP  - 25
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Garbulowski, Mateusz
A1  - Smolinska, Karolina
A1  - Çabuk, Uğur
A1  - Yones, Sara A.
A1  - Celli, Ludovica
A1  - Yaz, Esma Nur
A1  - Barrenas, Fredrik
A1  - Diamanti, Klev
A1  - Wadelius, Claes
A1  - Komorowski, Jan
T1  - Machine learning-based analysis of glioma grades reveals co-enrichment
JF  - Cancers
N2  - Simple Summary Gliomas are heterogenous types of cancer, therefore the therapy should be personalized and targeted toward specific pathways. We developed a methodology that corrected strong batch effects from The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets and estimated glioma grade-specific co-enrichment mechanisms using machine learning. Our findings created hypotheses for annotations, e.g., pathways, that should be considered as therapeutic targets. Gliomas develop and grow in the brain and central nervous system. Examining glioma grading processes is valuable for improving therapeutic challenges. One of the most extensive repositories storing transcriptomics data for gliomas is The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). However, such big cohorts should be processed with caution and evaluated thoroughly as they can contain batch and other effects. Furthermore, biological mechanisms of cancer contain interactions among biomarkers. Thus, we applied an interpretable machine learning approach to discover such relationships. This type of transparent learning provides not only good predictability, but also reveals co-predictive mechanisms among features. In this study, we corrected the strong and confounded batch effect in the TCGA glioma data. We further used the corrected datasets to perform comprehensive machine learning analysis applied on single-sample gene set enrichment scores using collections from the Molecular Signature Database. Furthermore, using rule-based classifiers, we displayed networks of co-enrichment related to glioma grades. Moreover, we validated our results using the external glioma cohorts. We believe that utilizing corrected glioma cohorts from TCGA may improve the application and validation of any future studies. Finally, the co-enrichment and survival analysis provided detailed explanations for glioma progression and consequently, it should support the targeted treatment.
KW  - glioma
KW  - machine learning
KW  - batch effect
KW  - TCGA
KW  - co-enrichment
KW  - rough sets
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14041014
SN  - 2072-6694
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -