TY - JOUR A1 - Cheng, Feng A1 - Dennis, Alice B. A1 - Osuoha, Josephine Ijeoma A1 - Canitz, Julia A1 - Kirschbaum, Frank A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - A new genome assembly of an African weakly electric fish (Campylomormyrus compressirostris, Mormyridae) indicates rapid gene family evolution in Osteoglossomorpha JF - BMC genomics N2 - Background Teleost fishes comprise more than half of the vertebrate species. Within teleosts, most phylogenies consider the split between Osteoglossomorpha and Euteleosteomorpha/Otomorpha as basal, preceded only by the derivation of the most primitive group of teleosts, the Elopomorpha. While Osteoglossomorpha are generally species poor, the taxon contains the African weakly electric fish (Mormyroidei), which have radiated into numerous species. Within the mormyrids, the genus Campylomormyrus is mostly endemic to the Congo Basin. Campylomormyrus serves as a model to understand mechanisms of adaptive radiation and ecological speciation, especially with regard to its highly diverse species-specific electric organ discharges (EOD). Currently, there are few well-annotated genomes available for electric fish in general and mormyrids in particular. Our study aims at producing a high-quality genome assembly and to use this to examine genome evolution in relation to other teleosts. This will facilitate further understanding of the evolution of the osteoglossomorpha fish in general and of electric fish in particular. Results A high-quality weakly electric fish (C. compressirostris) genome was produced from a single individual with a genome size of 862 Mb, consisting of 1,497 contigs with an N50 of 1,399 kb and a GC-content of 43.69%. Gene predictions identified 34,492 protein-coding genes, which is a higher number than in the two other available Osteoglossomorpha genomes of Paramormyrops kingsleyae and Scleropages formosus. A Computational Analysis of gene Family Evolution (CAFE5) comparing 33 teleost fish genomes suggests an overall faster gene family turnover rate in Osteoglossomorpha than in Otomorpha and Euteleosteomorpha. Moreover, the ratios of expanded/contracted gene family numbers in Osteoglossomorpha are significantly higher than in the other two taxa, except for species that had undergone an additional genome duplication (Cyprinus carpio and Oncorhynchus mykiss). As potassium channel proteins are hypothesized to play a key role in EOD diversity among species, we put a special focus on them, and manually curated 16 Kv1 genes. We identified a tandem duplication in the KCNA7a gene in the genome of C. compressirostris. Conclusions We present the fourth genome of an electric fish and the third well-annotated genome for Osteoglossomorpha, enabling us to compare gene family evolution among major teleost lineages. Osteoglossomorpha appear to exhibit rapid gene family evolution, with more gene family expansions than contractions. The curated Kv1 gene family showed seven gene clusters, which is more than in other analyzed fish genomes outside Osteoglossomorpha. The KCNA7a, encoding for a potassium channel central for EOD production and modulation, is tandemly duplicated which may related to the diverse EOD observed among Campylomormyrus species. KW - Campylomormyrus KW - Pacbio sequencing KW - Gene family KW - Osteoglossomorpha KW - Kv1 Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-023-09196-6 SN - 1471-2164 VL - 24 IS - 1 PB - BMC CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cesca, Simone A1 - Sugan, Monica A1 - Rudzinski, Lukasz A1 - Vajedian, Sanaz A1 - Niemz, Peter A1 - Plank, Simon A1 - Petersen, Gesa A1 - Deng, Zhiguo A1 - Rivalta, Eleonora A1 - Vuan, Alessandro A1 - Linares, Milton Percy Plasencia A1 - Heimann, Sebastian A1 - Dahm, Torsten T1 - Massive earthquake swarm driven by magmatic intrusion at the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica JF - Communications earth and environment N2 - An earthquake swarm affected the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica, a unique rift basin in transition from intra-arc rifting to ocean spreading. The swarm, counting similar to 85,000 volcano-tectonic earthquakes since August 2020, is located close to the Orca submarine volcano, previously considered inactive. Simultaneously, geodetic data reported up to similar to 11 cm north-westward displacement over King George Island. We use a broad variety of geophysical data and methods to reveal the complex migration of seismicity, accompanying the intrusion of 0.26-0.56 km(3) of magma. Strike-slip earthquakes mark the intrusion at depth, while shallower normal faulting the similar to 20 km long lateral growth of a dike. Seismicity abruptly decreased after a Mw 6.0 earthquake, suggesting the magmatic dike lost pressure with the slipping of a large fault. A seafloor eruption is likely, but not confirmed by sea surface temperature anomalies. The unrest documents episodic magmatic intrusion in the Bransfield Strait, providing unique insights into active continental rifting. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00418-5 SN - 2662-4435 VL - 3 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fehr, Jana A1 - Piccininni, Marco A1 - Kurth, Tobias A1 - Konigorski, Stefan T1 - Assessing the transportability of clinical prediction models for cognitive impairment using causal models JF - BMC medical research methodology N2 - Background Machine learning models promise to support diagnostic predictions, but may not perform well in new settings. Selecting the best model for a new setting without available data is challenging. We aimed to investigate the transportability by calibration and discrimination of prediction models for cognitive impairment in simulated external settings with different distributions of demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods We mapped and quantified relationships between variables associated with cognitive impairment using causal graphs, structural equation models, and data from the ADNI study. These estimates were then used to generate datasets and evaluate prediction models with different sets of predictors. We measured transportability to external settings under guided interventions on age, APOE & epsilon;4, and tau-protein, using performance differences between internal and external settings measured by calibration metrics and area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). Results Calibration differences indicated that models predicting with causes of the outcome were more transportable than those predicting with consequences. AUC differences indicated inconsistent trends of transportability between the different external settings. Models predicting with consequences tended to show higher AUC in the external settings compared to internal settings, while models predicting with parents or all variables showed similar AUC. Conclusions We demonstrated with a practical prediction task example that predicting with causes of the outcome results in better transportability compared to anti-causal predictions when considering calibration differences. We conclude that calibration performance is crucial when assessing model transportability to external settings. KW - Alzheimer's Disease KW - Clinical risk prediction KW - DAG KW - Causality; KW - Transportability Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-023-02003-6 SN - 1471-2288 VL - 23 IS - 1 PB - BMC CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Welke, Robert-William A1 - Sperber, Hannah Sabeth A1 - Bergmann, Ronny A1 - Koikkarah, Amit A1 - Menke, Laura A1 - Sieben, Christian A1 - Krüger, Detlev H. A1 - Chiantia, Salvatore A1 - Herrmann, Andreas A1 - Schwarzer, Roland T1 - Characterization of hantavirus N protein intracellular dynamics and localization JF - Viruses N2 - Hantaviruses are enveloped viruses that possess a tri-segmented, negative-sense RNA genome. The viral S-segment encodes the multifunctional nucleocapsid protein (N), which is involved in genome packaging, intracellular protein transport, immunoregulation, and several other crucial processes during hantavirus infection. In this study, we generated fluorescently tagged N protein constructs derived from Puumalavirus (PUUV), the dominant hantavirus species in Central, Northern, and Eastern Europe. We comprehensively characterized this protein in the rodent cell line CHO-K1, monitoring the dynamics of N protein complex formation and investigating co-localization with host proteins as well as the viral glycoproteins Gc and Gn. We observed formation of large, fibrillar PUUV N protein aggregates, rapidly coalescing from early punctate and spike-like assemblies. Moreover, we found significant spatial correlation of N with vimentin, actin, and P-bodies but not with microtubules. N constructs also co-localized with Gn and Gc albeit not as strongly as the glycoproteins associated with each other. Finally, we assessed oligomerization of N constructs, observing efficient and concentration-dependent multimerization, with complexes comprising more than 10 individual proteins. KW - hantavirus KW - N protein KW - oligomerization KW - actin KW - P-bodies KW - vimentin KW - Number and Brightness KW - Puumalavirus KW - macromolecular assemblies Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030457 SN - 1999-4915 VL - 14 IS - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Teich, Paula A1 - Fühner, Thea Heidi A1 - Baehr, Florian A1 - Puta, Christian A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Covid pandemic effects on the physical fitness of primary school children BT - results of the german EMOTIKON project JF - Sports Medicine - Open N2 - BackgroundIn spring of 2020, the Sars-CoV-2 incidence rate increased rapidly in Germany and around the world. Throughout the next 2 years, schools were temporarily closed and social distancing measures were put in place to slow the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Did these social restrictions and temporary school lockdowns affect children's physical fitness? The EMOTIKON project annually tests the physical fitness of all third-graders in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany. The tests assess cardiorespiratory endurance (6-min-run test), coordination (star-run test), speed (20-m sprint test), lower (powerLOW, standing long jump test), and upper (powerUP, ball-push test) limbs muscle power, and static balance (one-legged stance test with eyes closed). A total of 125,893 children were tested in the falls from 2016 to 2022. Primary analyses focused on 98,510 keyage third-graders (i.e., school enrollment according to the legal key date, aged 8 to 9 years) from 515 schools. Secondary analyses included 27,383 older-than-keyage third-graders (i.e., OTK, delayed school enrollment or repetition of a grade, aged 9 to 10 years), who have been shown to exhibit lower physical fitness than expected for their age. Linear mixed models fitted pre-pandemic quadratic secular trends, and took into account differences between children and schools.ResultsThird-graders exhibited lower cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed and powerUP in the Covid pandemic cohorts (2020-2022) compared to the pre-pandemic cohorts (2016-2019). Children's powerLOW and static balance were higher in the pandemic cohorts compared to the pre-pandemic cohorts. From 2020 to 2021, coordination, powerLOW and powerUP further declined. Evidence for some post-pandemic physical fitness catch-up was restricted to powerUP. Cohen's |ds| for comparisons of the pandemic cohorts 2020-2022 with pre-pandemic cohorts 2016-2019 ranged from 0.02 for powerLOW to 0.15 for coordination. Within the pandemic cohorts, keyage children exhibited developmental losses ranging from approximately 1 month for speed to 5 months for cardiorespiratory endurance. For powerLOW and static balance, the positive pandemic effects translate to developmental gains of 1 and 7 months, respectively. Pre-pandemic secular trends may account for some of the observed differences between pandemic and pre-pandemic cohorts, especially in powerLOW, powerUP and static balance. The pandemic further increased developmental delays of OTK children in cardiorespiratory endurance, powerUP and balance.ConclusionsThe Covid-19 pandemic was associated with declines in several physical fitness components in German third-graders. Pandemic effects are still visible in 2022. Health-related interventions should specifically target those physical fitness components that were negatively affected by the pandemic (cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed). KW - Sars-CoV-2 KW - Cohort study KW - Cardiorespiratory endurance KW - Muscle power KW - Physical fitness KW - Youth KW - EMOTIKON KW - Linear mixed models Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00624-1 SN - 2198-9761 VL - 9 IS - 1 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Michirev, Alexej A1 - Kühne, Katharina A1 - Lindemann, Oliver A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Raab, Markus T1 - How to not induce SNAs BT - the insufficiency of directional force JF - PLoS one N2 - People respond faster to smaller numbers in their left space and to larger numbers in their right space. Here we argue that movements in space contribute to the formation of spatial-numerical associations (SNAs). We studied the impact of continuous isometric forces along the horizontal or vertical cardinal axes on SNAs while participants performed random number production and arithmetic verification tasks. Our results suggest that such isometric directional force do not suffice to induce SNAs. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288038 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 18 IS - 6 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Borýsek, Martin T1 - In search of Ovidian hebrew BT - a philological study of a lesser known modern hebrew translation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses JF - Acta Universitatis Carolinae : AUC N2 - This paper focuses on the first substantial translation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses into modern Hebrew, whose author was Yehoshua Friedman (1885–1934). The first part of the paper sets Friedman into the context of modern Hebrew classical philology and explores the character of his verse. The core of the text consists of three case studies of selected excerpts from Ovid’s story of Apollo and Daphne (Met. I, 456–465; 481–482; 545–552). Based on detailed linguistic and stylistic analysis of these texts, I argue that Friedman did not simply adopt a pre-existing linguistic register, but rather created an original Ovidian idiom that helped to win him lasting significance in the history of Hebrew translations from classical languages. KW - Ovid’s Metamorphoses KW - Yehoshua Friedman KW - modern Hebrew literature KW - classical translations KW - Apollo and Daphne Y1 - 2022 UR - https://karolinum.cz/casopis/auc-philologica/rocnik-2021/cislo-4/clanek-10183 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2022.11 SN - 0567-8269 SN - 2464-6830 IS - 4 SP - 29 EP - 56 PB - Karolinum Press CY - Prag ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rosin, Paul L. A1 - Lai, Yu-Kun A1 - Mould, David A1 - Yi, Ran A1 - Berger, Itamar A1 - Doyle, Lars A1 - Lee, Seungyong A1 - Li, Chuan A1 - Liu, Yong-Jin A1 - Semmo, Amir A1 - Shamir, Ariel A1 - Son, Minjung A1 - Winnemöller, Holger T1 - NPRportrait 1.0: A three-level benchmark for non-photorealistic rendering of portraits JF - Computational visual media N2 - Recently, there has been an upsurge of activity in image-based non-photorealistic rendering (NPR), and in particular portrait image stylisation, due to the advent of neural style transfer (NST). However, the state of performance evaluation in this field is poor, especially compared to the norms in the computer vision and machine learning communities. Unfortunately, the task of evaluating image stylisation is thus far not well defined, since it involves subjective, perceptual, and aesthetic aspects. To make progress towards a solution, this paper proposes a new structured, three-level, benchmark dataset for the evaluation of stylised portrait images. Rigorous criteria were used for its construction, and its consistency was validated by user studies. Moreover, a new methodology has been developed for evaluating portrait stylisation algorithms, which makes use of the different benchmark levels as well as annotations provided by user studies regarding the characteristics of the faces. We perform evaluation for a wide variety of image stylisation methods (both portrait-specific and general purpose, and also both traditional NPR approaches and NST) using the new benchmark dataset. KW - non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) KW - image stylization KW - style transfer KW - portrait KW - evaluation KW - benchmark Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-021-0255-3 SN - 2096-0433 SN - 2096-0662 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 445 EP - 465 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Córdoba, Sandra Correa A1 - Tong, Hao A1 - Burgos, Asdrubal A1 - Zhu, Feng A1 - Alseekh, Saleh A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - Identification of gene function based on models capturing natural variability of Arabidopsis thaliana lipid metabolism JF - Nature Communications N2 - The use of automated tools to reconstruct lipid metabolic pathways is not warranted in plants. Here, the authors construct Plant Lipid Module for Arabidopsis rosette using constraint-based modeling, demonstrate its integration in other plant metabolic models, and use it to dissect the genetic architecture of lipid metabolism. Lipids play fundamental roles in regulating agronomically important traits. Advances in plant lipid metabolism have until recently largely been based on reductionist approaches, although modulation of its components can have system-wide effects. However, existing models of plant lipid metabolism provide lumped representations, hindering detailed study of component modulation. Here, we present the Plant Lipid Module (PLM) which provides a mechanistic description of lipid metabolism in the Arabidopsis thaliana rosette. We demonstrate that the PLM can be readily integrated in models of A. thaliana Col-0 metabolism, yielding accurate predictions (83%) of single lethal knock-outs and 75% concordance between measured transcript and predicted flux changes under extended darkness. Genome-wide associations with fluxes obtained by integrating the PLM in diel condition- and accession-specific models identify up to 65 candidate genes modulating A. thaliana lipid metabolism. Using mutant lines, we validate up to 40% of the candidates, paving the way for identification of metabolic gene function based on models capturing natural variability in metabolism. KW - Biochemical networks KW - Biochemical reaction networks KW - Genetic models KW - Plant molecular biology Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40644-9 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 14 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomowski, Maxi A1 - Lozada-Gobilard, Sissi Donna A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - Recruitment and migration patterns reveal a key role for seed banks in the meta-population dynamics of an aquatic plant JF - Scientific reports N2 - Progressive habitat fragmentation threatens plant species with narrow habitat requirements. While local environmental conditions define population growth rates and recruitment success at the patch level, dispersal is critical for population viability at the landscape scale. Identifying the dynamics of plant meta-populations is often confounded by the uncertainty about soil-stored population compartments. We combined a landscape-scale assessment of an amphibious plant's population structure with measurements of dispersal complexity in time to track dispersal and putative shifts in functional connectivity. Using 13 microsatellite markers, we analyzed the genetic structure of extant Oenanthe aquatica populations and their soil seed banks in a kettle hole system to uncover hidden connectivity among populations in time and space. Considerable spatial genetic structure and isolation-by-distance suggest limited gene flow between sites. Spatial isolation and patch size showed minor effects on genetic diversity. Genetic similarity found among extant populations and their seed banks suggests increased local recruitment, despite some evidence of migration and recent colonization. Results indicate stepping-stone dispersal across adjacent populations. Among permanent and ephemeral demes the resulting meta-population demography could be determined by source-sink dynamics. Overall, these spatiotemporal connectivity patterns support mainland-island dynamics in our system, highlighting the importance of persistent seed banks as enduring sources of genetic diversity. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37974-5 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arend, Marius A1 - Zimmer, David A1 - Xu, Rudan A1 - Sommer, Frederik A1 - Mühlhaus, Timo A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - Proteomics and constraint-based modelling reveal enzyme kinetic properties of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii on a genome scale JF - Nature Communications N2 - Metabolic engineering of microalgae offers a promising solution for sustainable biofuel production, and rational design of engineering strategies can be improved by employing metabolic models that integrate enzyme turnover numbers. However, the coverage of turnover numbers for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a model eukaryotic microalga accessible to metabolic engineering, is 17-fold smaller compared to the heterotrophic cell factory Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we generate quantitative protein abundance data of Chlamydomonas covering 2337 to 3708 proteins in various growth conditions to estimate in vivo maximum apparent turnover numbers. Using constrained-based modeling we provide proxies for in vivo turnover numbers of 568 reactions, representing a 10-fold increase over the in vitro data for Chlamydomonas. Integration of the in vivo estimates instead of in vitro values in a metabolic model of Chlamydomonas improved the accuracy of enzyme usage predictions. Our results help in extending the knowledge on uncharacterized enzymes and improve biotechnological applications of Chlamydomonas. KW - Computational models KW - Enzymes KW - Proteomics Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40498-1 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 14 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Basler, Georg A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - Advances in metabolic flux analysis toward genome-scale profiling of higher organisms JF - Bioscience reports : communications and reviews in molecular and cellular biology N2 - Methodological and technological advances have recently paved the way for metabolic flux profiling in higher organisms, like plants. However, in comparison with omics technologies, flux profiling has yet to provide comprehensive differential flux maps at a genome-scale and in different cell types, tissues, and organs. Here we highlight the recent advances in technologies to gather metabolic labeling patterns and flux profiling approaches. We provide an opinion of how recent local flux profiling approaches can be used in conjunction with the constraint-based modeling framework to arrive at genome-scale flux maps. In addition, we point at approaches which use metabolomics data without introduction of label to predict either non-steady state fluxes in a time-series experiment or flux changes in different experimental scenarios. The combination of these developments allows an experimentally feasible approach for flux-based large-scale systems biology studies. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20170224 SN - 0144-8463 SN - 1573-4935 VL - 38 PB - Portland Press (London) CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pandey, Prashant K. A1 - Yu, Jing A1 - Omranian, Nooshin A1 - Alseekh, Saleh A1 - Vaid, Neha A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran A1 - Laitinen, Roosa A. E. T1 - Plasticity in metabolism underpins local responses to nitrogen in Arabidopsis thaliana populations JF - Plant Direct N2 - Nitrogen (N) is central for plant growth, and metabolic plasticity can provide a strategy to respond to changing N availability. We showed that two local A. thaliana populations exhibited differential plasticity in the compounds of photorespiratory and starch degradation pathways in response to three N conditions. Association of metabolite levels with growth-related and fitness traits indicated that controlled plasticity in these pathways could contribute to local adaptation and play a role in plant evolution. KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - natural variation KW - nitrogen availability KW - photorespiration KW - plasticity Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.186 SN - 2475-4455 VL - 3 IS - 11 PB - John Wiley & sonst LTD CY - Chichester ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rojahn, Marcel A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Bui, Tung X. T1 - Openness indicators for the evaluation of digital platforms between the launch and maturity phase T2 - Proceedings of the 57th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences N2 - In recent years, the evaluation of digital platforms has become an important focus in the field of information systems science. The identification of influential indicators that drive changes in digital platforms, specifically those related to openness, is still an unresolved issue. This paper addresses the challenge of identifying measurable indicators and characterizing the transition from launch to maturity in digital platforms. It proposes a systematic analytical approach to identify relevant openness indicators for evaluation purposes. The main contributions of this study are the following (1) the development of a comprehensive procedure for analyzing indicators, (2) the categorization of indicators as evaluation metrics within a multidimensional grid-box model, (3) the selection and evaluation of relevant indicators, (4) the identification and assessment of digital platform architectures during the launch-to-maturity transition, and (5) the evaluation of the applicability of the conceptualization and design process for digital platform evaluation. KW - federated industrial platform ecosystems KW - technologies KW - business models KW - data-driven artifacts KW - design-science research KW - digital platform openness KW - evaluation KW - morphological analysis Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-0-99813-317-1 SP - 4516 EP - 4525 PB - Department of IT Management Shidler College of Business University of Hawaii CY - Honolulu, HI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miklashevsky, Alex A1 - Kulkova, Elena A1 - Michirev, Alexej A1 - Jeglinski-Mende, Melinda A. A1 - Bertonatti, Matias T1 - Book review on: Raab, Markus: Judgment, decision-making, and embodied choices. - London ; San Diego ; Cambridge, MA ; Oxford: Academic Press, 2020. - xv, 155 pages. - ISBN: 978-0-12-823523-2 JF - Frontiers in psychology KW - embodied cognition KW - decision making KW - embodied choice KW - book review KW - mind-body Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.665728 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - González Hauck, Sué A1 - Herrmann, Franziska A1 - Hettihewa, Julian A. A1 - Kraft, Dariush A1 - Milas, Max A1 - Springer, Stephanie A1 - Weckner, Franka T1 - Jurisdiction BT - Who speaks international law? JF - Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17104/0044-2348-2022-2-289 SN - 0044-2348 SN - 2942-3562 VL - 82 IS - 2 SP - 289 EP - 298 PB - C.H. Beck CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kayler, Zachary E. A1 - Premke, Katrin A1 - Gessler, Arthur A1 - Gessner, Mark O. A1 - Griebler, Christian A1 - Hilt, Sabine A1 - Klemedtsson, Leif A1 - Kuzyakov, Yakov A1 - Reichstein, Markus A1 - Siemens, Jan A1 - Totsche, Kai-Uwe A1 - Tranvik, Lars A1 - Wagner, Annekatrin A1 - Weitere, Markus A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter T1 - Integrating Aquatic and Terrestrial Perspectives to Improve Insights Into Organic Matter Cycling at the Landscape Scale JF - Frontiers in Earth Science N2 - Across a landscape, aquatic-terrestrial interfaces within and between ecosystems are hotspots of organic matter (OM) mineralization. These interfaces are characterized by sharp spatio-temporal changes in environmental conditions, which affect OM properties and thus control OM mineralization and other transformation processes. Consequently, the extent of OM movement at and across aquatic-terrestrial interfaces is crucial in determining OM turnover and carbon (C) cycling at the landscape scale. Here, we propose expanding current concepts in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem sciences to comprehensively evaluate OM turnover at the landscape scale. We focus on three main concepts toward explaining OM turnover at the landscape scale: the landscape spatiotemporal context, OM turnover described by priming and ecological stoichiometry, and anthropogenic effects as a disruptor of natural OM transfer magnitudes and pathways. A conceptual framework is introduced that allows for discussing the disparities in spatial and temporal scales of OM transfer, changes in environmental conditions, ecosystem connectivity, and microbial-substrate interactions. The potential relevance of priming effects in both terrestrial and aquatic systems is addressed. For terrestrial systems, we hypothesize that the interplay between the influx of OM, its corresponding elemental composition, and the elemental demand of the microbial communities may alleviate spatial and metabolic thresholds. In comparison, substrate level OM dynamics may be substantially different in aquatic systems due to matrix effects that accentuate the role of abiotic conditions, substrate quality, and microbial community dynamics. We highlight the disproportionate impact anthropogenic activities can have on OM cycling across the landscape. This includes reversing natural OM flows through the landscape, disrupting ecosystem connectivity, and nutrient additions that cascade across the landscape. This knowledge is crucial for a better understanding of OM cycling in a landscape context, in particular since terrestrial and aquatic compartments may respond differently to the ongoing changes in climate, land use, and other anthropogenic interferences. KW - landscape connectivity KW - organic matter mineralization KW - priming effects KW - ecological stoichiometry KW - aquatic-terrestrial interfaces KW - anthropogenic interferences Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00127 SN - 2296-6463 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Sabrina A1 - Reil, Daniela A1 - Jeske, Kathrin A1 - Drewes, Stephan A1 - Rosenfeld, Ulrike A1 - Fischer, Stefan A1 - Spierling, Nastasja G. A1 - Labutin, Anton A1 - Heckel, Gerald A1 - Jacob, Jens A1 - Ulrich, Rainer G. A1 - Imholt, Christian T1 - Spatial and temporal dynamics and molecular evolution of Tula orthohantavirus in German vole populations JF - Viruses / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) N2 - Tula orthohantavirus (TULV) is a rodent-borne hantavirus with broad geographical distribution in Europe. Its major reservoir is the common vole (Microtus arvalis), but TULV has also been detected in closely related vole species. Given the large distributional range and high amplitude population dynamics of common voles, this host-pathogen complex presents an ideal system to study the complex mechanisms of pathogen transmission in a wild rodent reservoir. We investigated the dynamics of TULV prevalence and the subsequent potential effects on the molecular evolution of TULV in common voles of the Central evolutionary lineage. Rodents were trapped for three years in four regions of Germany and samples were analyzed for the presence of TULV-reactive antibodies and TULV RNA with subsequent sequence determination. The results show that individual (sex) and population-level factors (abundance) of hosts were significant predictors of local TULV dynamics. At the large geographic scale, different phylogenetic TULV clades and an overall isolation-by-distance pattern in virus sequences were detected, while at the small scale (<4 km) this depended on the study area. In combination with an overall delayed density dependence, our results highlight that frequent, localized bottleneck events for the common vole and TULV do occur and can be offset by local recolonization dynamics. KW - rodents KW - hantavirus KW - monitoring KW - population dynamics KW - common vole KW - field vole KW - water vole KW - phylogeny KW - molecular evolution Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061132 SN - 1999-4915 VL - 13 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jaiser, Ralf A1 - Akperov, Mirseid A1 - Timazhev, A. A1 - Romanowsky, Erik A1 - Handorf, Dörthe A1 - Mokhov, I. I. T1 - Linkages between arctic and mid-latitude weather and climate BT - unraveling the impact of changing sea ice and sea surface temperatures during Winter JF - Meteorologische Zeitschrift N2 - The study addresses the question, if observed changes in terms of Arctic-midlatitude linkages during winter are driven by Arctic Sea ice decline alone or if the increase of global sea surface temperatures plays an additional role. We compare atmosphere-only model experiments with ECHAM6 to ERA-Interim Reanalysis data. The model sensitivity experiment is implemented as a set of four combinations of sea ice and sea surface temperature boundary conditions. Atmospheric circulation regimes are determined and evaluated in terms of their cyclone and blocking characteristics and changes in frequency during winter. As a prerequisite, ECHAM6 reproduces general features of circulation regimes very well. Tropospheric changes induced by the change of boundary conditions are revealed and further impacts on the large-scale circulation up into the stratosphere are investigated. In early winter, the observed increase of atmospheric blocking in the region between Scandinavia and the Urals are primarily related to the changes in sea surface temperatures. During late winter, we f nd a weakened polar stratospheric vortex in the reanalysis that further impacts the troposphere. In the model sensitivity study a climatologically weakened polar vortex occurs only if sea ice is reduced and sea surface temperatures are increased together. This response is delayed compared to the reanalysis. The tropospheric response during late winter is inconclusive in the model, which is potentially related to the weak and delayed response in the stratosphere. The model experiments do not reproduce the connection between early and late winter as interpreted from the reanalysis. Potentially explaining this mismatch, we identify a discrepancy of ECHAM6 to reproduce the weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex through blocking induced upward propagation of planetary waves. KW - Weather regimes KW - Blocking KW - Cyclones KW - Wave Propagation KW - Stratosphere Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2023/1154 SN - 0941-2948 SN - 1610-1227 VL - 32 IS - 3 SP - 173 EP - 194 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mayer, Dennis A1 - Lever, Fabiano A1 - Picconi, David A1 - Metje, Jan A1 - Ališauskas, Skirmantas A1 - Calegari, Francesca A1 - Düsterer, Stefan A1 - Ehlert, Christopher A1 - Feifel, Raimund A1 - Niebuhr, Mario A1 - Manschwetus, Bastian A1 - Kuhlmann, Marion A1 - Mazza, Tommaso A1 - Robinson, Matthew Scott A1 - Squibb, Richard James A1 - Trabattoni, Andrea A1 - Wallner, Måns A1 - Saalfrank, Peter A1 - Wolf, Thomas J. A. A1 - Gühr, Markus T1 - Following excited-state chemical shifts in molecular ultrafast x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy JF - Nature Communications N2 - The conversion of photon energy into other energetic forms in molecules is accompanied by charge moving on ultrafast timescales. We directly observe the charge motion at a specific site in an electronically excited molecule using time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-XPS). We extend the concept of static chemical shift from conventional XPS by the excited-state chemical shift (ESCS), which is connected to the charge in the framework of a potential model. This allows us to invert TR-XPS spectra to the dynamic charge at a specific atom. We demonstrate the power of TR-XPS by using sulphur 2p-core-electron-emission probing to study the UV-excited dynamics of 2-thiouracil. The method allows us to discover that a major part of the population relaxes to the molecular ground state within 220–250 fs. In addition, a 250-fs oscillation, visible in the kinetic energy of the TR-XPS, reveals a coherent exchange of population among electronic states. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27908-y SN - 2041-1723 VL - 13 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER -