TY - JOUR A1 - Ferreira, Clara Mendes A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie A1 - Eccard, Jana T1 - So many choices, so little time BT - food preference and movement vary with the landscape of fear JF - Ecology and evolution N2 - Spatial and temporal variation in perceived predation risk is an important determinant of movement and foraging activity of animals. Foraging in this landscape of fear, individuals need to decide where and when to move, and what resources to choose. Foraging theory predicts the outcome of these decisions based on energetic trade-offs, but complex interactions between perceived predation risk and preferences of foragers for certain functional traits of their resources are rarely considered. Here, we studied the interactive effects of perceived predation risk on food trait preferences and foraging behavior in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in experimental landscapes. Individuals (n = 19) were subjected for periods of 24 h to two extreme, risk-uniform landscapes (either risky or safe), containing 25 discrete food patches, filled with seeds of four plant species in even amounts. Seeds varied in functional traits: size, nutrients, and shape. We evaluated whether and how risk modifies forager preference for functional traits. We also investigated whether perceived risk and distance from shelter affected giving-up density (GUD), time in patches, and number of patch visits. In safe landscapes, individuals increased time spent in patches, lowered GUD and visited distant patches more often compared to risky landscapes. Individuals preferred bigger seeds independent of risk, but in the safe treatment they preferred fat-rich over carb-rich seeds. Thus, higher densities of resource levels remained in risky landscapes, while in safe landscapes resource density was lower and less diverse due to selective foraging. Our results suggest that the interaction of perceived risk and dietary preference adds an additional layer to the cascading effects of a landscape of fear which affects biodiversity at resource level. KW - foraging behavior KW - functional traits KW - giving-up density KW - myodes glareolus KW - perceived predation risk KW - seed ecology Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10330 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 13 IS - 7 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stoltnow, Malte A1 - Weis, Philipp A1 - Korges, Maximilian T1 - Hydrological controls on base metal precipitation and zoning at the porphyry-epithermal transition constrained by numerical modeling JF - Scientific reports N2 - Ore precipitation in porphyry copper systems is generally characterized by metal zoning (Cu-Mo to Zn-Pb-Ag), which is suggested to be variably related to solubility decreases during fluid cooling, fluid-rock interactions, partitioning during fluid phase separation and mixing with external fluids. Here, we present new advances of a numerical process model by considering published constraints on the temperature- and salinity-dependent solubility of Cu, Pb and Zn in the ore fluid. We quantitatively investigate the roles of vapor-brine separation, halite saturation, initial metal contents, fluid mixing and remobilization as first-order controls of the physical hydrology on ore formation. The results show that the magmatic vapor and brine phases ascend with different residence times but as miscible fluid mixtures, with salinity increases generating metal-undersaturated bulk fluids. The release rates of magmatic fluids affect the location of the thermohaline fronts, leading to contrasting mechanisms for ore precipitation: higher rates result in halite saturation without significant metal zoning, lower rates produce zoned ore shells due to mixing with meteoric water. Varying metal contents can affect the order of the final metal precipitation sequence. Redissolution of precipitated metals results in zoned ore shell patterns in more peripheral locations and also decouples halite saturation from ore precipitation. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30572-5 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Apriyanto, Ardha A1 - Compart, Julia A1 - Fettke, Jörg T1 - Transcriptomic analysis of mesocarp tissue during fruit development of the oil palm revealed specific isozymes related to starch metabolism that control oil yield JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) produces a large amount of oil from the fruit. However, increasing the oil production in this fruit is still challenging. A recent study has shown that starch metabolism is essential for oil synthesis in fruit-producing species. Therefore, the transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq was performed to observe gene expression alteration related to starch metabolism genes throughout the maturity stages of oil palm fruit with different oil yields. Gene expression profiles were examined with three different oil yields group (low, medium, and high) at six fruit development phases (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 22 weeks after pollination). We successfully identified and analyzed differentially expressed genes in oil palm mesocarps during development. The results showed that the transcriptome profile for each developmental phase was unique. Sucrose flux to the mesocarp tissue, rapid starch turnover, and high glycolytic activity have been identified as critical factors for oil production in oil palms. For starch metabolism and the glycolytic pathway, we identified specific gene expressions of enzyme isoforms (isozymes) that correlated with oil production, which may determine the oil content. This study provides valuable information for creating new high-oil-yielding palm varieties via breeding programs or genome editing approaches. KW - starch KW - oil yield KW - fruit development KW - gene expression KW - RNA-seq KW - and palm KW - oil KW - Elaeis guineensis Jacq Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1220237 SN - 1664-462X VL - 14 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Compart, Julia A1 - Singh, Aakanksha A1 - Fettke, Jörg A1 - Apriyanto, Ardha T1 - Customizing starch properties BT - a review of starch modifications and their applications JF - Polymers N2 - Starch has been a convenient, economically important polymer with substantial applications in the food and processing industry. However, native starches present restricted applications, which hinder their industrial usage. Therefore, modification of starch is carried out to augment the positive characteristics and eliminate the limitations of the native starches. Modifications of starch can result in generating novel polymers with numerous functional and value-added properties that suit the needs of the industry. Here, we summarize the possible starch modifications in planta and outside the plant system (physical, chemical, and enzymatic) and their corresponding applications. In addition, this review will highlight the implications of each starch property adjustment. KW - starch KW - starch modification KW - in planta modification KW - physical modification KW - chemical modification KW - enzymatic modification KW - starch application Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15163491 SN - 2073-4360 VL - 15 IS - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berry, Paul E. A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie A1 - Blaum, Niels T1 - Keeping cool on hot days BT - activity responses of African antelope to heat extremes JF - Frontiers in ecology and evolution N2 - Long-lived organisms are likely to respond to a rapidly changing climate with behavioral flexibility. Animals inhabiting the arid parts of southern Africa face a particularly rapid rise in temperature which in combination with food and water scarcity places substantial constraints on the ability of animals to tolerate heat. We investigated how three species of African antelope-springbok Antidorcas marsupialis, kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros and eland T. oryx-differing in body size, habitat preference and movement ecology, change their activity in response to extreme heat in an arid savanna. Serving as a proxy for activity, dynamic body acceleration data recorded every five minutes were analyzed for seven to eight individuals per species for the three hottest months of the year. Activity responses to heat during the hottest time of day (the afternoons) were investigated and diel activity patterns were compared between hot and cool days. Springbok, which prefer open habitat, are highly mobile and the smallest of the species studied, showed the greatest decrease in activity with rising temperature. Furthermore, springbok showed reduced mean activity over the 24 h cycle on hot days compared to cool days. Large-bodied eland seemed less affected by afternoon heat than springbok. While eland also reduced diurnal activity on hot days compared to cool days, they compensated for this by increasing nocturnal activity, possibly because their predation risk is lower. Kudu, which are comparatively sedentary and typically occupy shady habitat, seemed least affected during the hottest time of day and showed no appreciable difference in diel activity patterns between hot and cool days. The interplay between habitat preference, body size, movement patterns, and other factors seems complex and even sub-lethal levels of heat stress have been shown to impact an animal's long-term survival and reproduction. Thus, differing heat tolerances among species could result in a shift in the composition of African herbivore communities as temperatures continue to rise, with significant implications for economically important wildlife-based land use and conservation. KW - springbok KW - kudu KW - eland KW - dynamic body acceleration KW - tri-axial accelerometers KW - behavioral flexibility KW - climate change KW - savanna ecology Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1172303 SN - 2296-701X VL - 11 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stiegler, Jonas A1 - Pahl, Janice A1 - Guillen, Rafael Arce A1 - Ullmann, Wiebke A1 - Blaum, Niels T1 - The heat is on BT - impacts of rising temperature on the activity of a common European mammal JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - Climate conditions severely impact the activity and, consequently, the fitness of wildlife species across the globe. Wildlife can respond to new climatic conditions, but the pace of human-induced change limits opportunities for adaptation or migration. Thus, how these changes affect behavior, movement patterns, and activity levels remains unclear. In this study, we investigate how extreme weather conditions affect the activity of European hares (Lepus europaeus) during their peak reproduction period. When hares must additionally invest energy in mating, prevailing against competitors, or lactating, we investigated their sensitivities to rising temperatures, wind speed, and humidity. To quantify their activity, we used the overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) calculated from tri-axial acceleration measurements of 33 GPS-collared hares. Our analysis revealed that temperature, humidity, and wind speed are important in explaining changes in activity, with a strong response for high temperatures above 25 & DEG;C and the highest change in activity during temperature extremes of over 35 & DEG;C during their inactive period. Further, we found a non-linear relationship between temperature and activity and an interaction of activity changes between day and night. Activity increased at higher temperatures during the inactive period (day) and decreased during the active period (night). This decrease was strongest during hot tropical nights. At a stage of life when mammals such as hares must substantially invest in reproduction, the sensitivity of females to extreme temperatures was particularly pronounced. Similarly, both sexes increased their activity at high humidity levels during the day and low wind speeds, irrespective of the time of day, while the effect of humidity was stronger for males. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the complex relationships between extreme weather conditions and mammal behavior, critical for conservation and management. With ongoing climate change, extreme weather events such as heat waves and heavy rainfall are predicted to occur more often and last longer. These events will directly impact the fitness of hares and other wildlife species and hence the population dynamics of already declining populations across Europe. KW - activity KW - ODBA KW - animal tracking KW - European hare KW - extreme weather events KW - climate change Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1193861 SN - 2296-701X VL - 11 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cohen, Sarel A1 - Hershcovitch, Moshik A1 - Taraz, Martin A1 - Kissig, Otto A1 - Issac, Davis A1 - Wood, Andrew A1 - Waddington, Daniel A1 - Chin, Peter A1 - Friedrich, Tobias T1 - Improved and optimized drug repurposing for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic JF - PLoS one N2 - The active global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused more than 426 million cases and 5.8 million deaths worldwide. The development of completely new drugs for such a novel disease is a challenging, time intensive process. Despite researchers around the world working on this task, no effective treatments have been developed yet. This emphasizes the importance of drug repurposing, where treatments are found among existing drugs that are meant for different diseases. A common approach to this is based on knowledge graphs, that condense relationships between entities like drugs, diseases and genes. Graph neural networks (GNNs) can then be used for the task at hand by predicting links in such knowledge graphs. Expanding on state-of-the-art GNN research, Doshi et al. recently developed the Dr-COVID model. We further extend their work using additional output interpretation strategies. The best aggregation strategy derives a top-100 ranking of 8,070 candidate drugs, 32 of which are currently being tested in COVID-19-related clinical trials. Moreover, we present an alternative application for the model, the generation of additional candidates based on a given pre-selection of drug candidates using collaborative filtering. In addition, we improved the implementation of the Dr-COVID model by significantly shortening the inference and pre-processing time by exploiting data-parallelism. As drug repurposing is a task that requires high computation and memory resources, we further accelerate the post-processing phase using a new emerging hardware-we propose a new approach to leverage the use of high-capacity Non-Volatile Memory for aggregate drug ranking. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266572 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 18 IS - 3 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kappattanavar, Arpita Mallikarjuna A1 - Hecker, Pascal A1 - Moontaha, Sidratul A1 - Steckhan, Nico A1 - Arnrich, Bert T1 - Food choices after cognitive load BT - an affective computing approach JF - Sensors N2 - Psychology and nutritional science research has highlighted the impact of negative emotions and cognitive load on calorie consumption behaviour using subjective questionnaires. Isolated studies in other domains objectively assess cognitive load without considering its effects on eating behaviour. This study aims to explore the potential for developing an integrated eating behaviour assistant system that incorporates cognitive load factors. Two experimental sessions were conducted using custom-developed experimentation software to induce different stimuli. During these sessions, we collected 30 h of physiological, food consumption, and affective states questionnaires data to automatically detect cognitive load and analyse its effect on food choice. Utilising grid search optimisation and leave-one-subject-out cross-validation, a support vector machine model achieved a mean classification accuracy of 85.12% for the two cognitive load tasks using eight relevant features. Statistical analysis was performed on calorie consumption and questionnaire data. Furthermore, 75% of the subjects with higher negative affect significantly increased consumption of specific foods after high-cognitive-load tasks. These findings offer insights into the intricate relationship between cognitive load, affective states, and food choice, paving the way for an eating behaviour assistant system to manage food choices during cognitive load. Future research should enhance system capabilities and explore real-world applications. KW - cognitive load KW - eating behaviour KW - machine learning KW - physiological signals KW - photoplethysmography KW - electrodermal activity KW - sensors Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146597 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 23 IS - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Garrels, Tim A1 - Khodabakhsh, Athar A1 - Renard, Bernhard Y. A1 - Baum, Katharina T1 - LazyFox: fast and parallelized overlapping community detection in large graphs JF - PEERJ Computer Science N2 - The detection of communities in graph datasets provides insight about a graph's underlying structure and is an important tool for various domains such as social sciences, marketing, traffic forecast, and drug discovery. While most existing algorithms provide fast approaches for community detection, their results usually contain strictly separated communities. However, most datasets would semantically allow for or even require overlapping communities that can only be determined at much higher computational cost. We build on an efficient algorithm, FOX, that detects such overlapping communities. FOX measures the closeness of a node to a community by approximating the count of triangles which that node forms with that community. We propose LAZYFOX, a multi-threaded adaptation of the FOX algorithm, which provides even faster detection without an impact on community quality. This allows for the analyses of significantly larger and more complex datasets. LAZYFOX enables overlapping community detection on complex graph datasets with millions of nodes and billions of edges in days instead of weeks. As part of this work, LAZYFOX's implementation was published and is available as a tool under an MIT licence at https://github.com/TimGarrels/LazyFox. KW - Overlapping community detection KW - Large networks KW - Weighted clustering coefficient KW - Heuristic triangle estimation KW - Parallelized algorithm KW - C++ tool KW - Runtime improvement KW - Open source KW - Graph algorithm KW - Community analysis Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1291 SN - 2376-5992 VL - 9 PB - PeerJ Inc. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gärtner, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Juliana A1 - Arnrich, Bert A1 - Konigorski, Stefan T1 - Comparison of Bayesian Networks, G-estimation and linear models to estimate causal treatment effects in aggregated N-of-1 trials with carry-over effects JF - BMC Medical Research Methodology N2 - Background The aggregation of a series of N-of-1 trials presents an innovative and efficient study design, as an alternative to traditional randomized clinical trials. Challenges for the statistical analysis arise when there is carry-over or complex dependencies of the treatment effect of interest. Methods In this study, we evaluate and compare methods for the analysis of aggregated N-of-1 trials in different scenarios with carry-over and complex dependencies of treatment effects on covariates. For this, we simulate data of a series of N-of-1 trials for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain based on assumed causal relationships parameterized by directed acyclic graphs. In addition to existing statistical methods such as regression models, Bayesian Networks, and G-estimation, we introduce a carry-over adjusted parametric model (COAPM). Results The results show that all evaluated existing models have a good performance when there is no carry-over and no treatment dependence. When there is carry-over, COAPM yields unbiased and more efficient estimates while all other methods show some bias in the estimation. When there is known treatment dependence, all approaches that are capable to model it yield unbiased estimates. Finally, the efficiency of all methods decreases slightly when there are missing values, and the bias in the estimates can also increase. Conclusions This study presents a systematic evaluation of existing and novel approaches for the statistical analysis of a series of N-of-1 trials. We derive practical recommendations which methods may be best in which scenarios. KW - N-of-1 trials KW - Randomized clinical trials KW - Bayesian Networks; KW - G-estimation KW - Linear model KW - Simulation study KW - Chronic Nonspecific Low KW - Back Pain Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-023-02012-5 SN - 1471-2288 VL - 23 IS - 1 PB - BMC CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moontaha, Sidratul A1 - Schumann, Franziska Elisabeth Friederike A1 - Arnrich, Bert T1 - Online learning for wearable EEG-Based emotion classification JF - Sensors N2 - Giving emotional intelligence to machines can facilitate the early detection and prediction of mental diseases and symptoms. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition is widely applied because it measures electrical correlates directly from the brain rather than indirect measurement of other physiological responses initiated by the brain. Therefore, we used non-invasive and portable EEG sensors to develop a real-time emotion classification pipeline. The pipeline trains different binary classifiers for Valence and Arousal dimensions from an incoming EEG data stream achieving a 23.9% (Arousal) and 25.8% (Valence) higher F1-Score on the state-of-art AMIGOS dataset than previous work. Afterward, the pipeline was applied to the curated dataset from 15 participants using two consumer-grade EEG devices while watching 16 short emotional videos in a controlled environment. Mean F1-Scores of 87% (Arousal) and 82% (Valence) were achieved for an immediate label setting. Additionally, the pipeline proved to be fast enough to achieve predictions in real-time in a live scenario with delayed labels while continuously being updated. The significant discrepancy from the readily available labels on the classification scores leads to future work to include more data. Thereafter, the pipeline is ready to be used for real-time applications of emotion classification. KW - online learning KW - real-time KW - emotion classification KW - AMIGOS dataset KW - wearable EEG (muse and neurosity crown) KW - psychopy experiments Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052387 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 23 IS - 5 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Asche, Matthias ED - Gubler, Kaspar ED - Hesse, Christian ED - Schwinges, Rainer C. T1 - Verwandtschaft, Landsmannschaft, Tischgenossenschaft BT - zu den sozialgeschichtlichen Grundlagen der Funktionsweise der Universität Wittenberg zur Zeit des späten Philipp Melanchthon (1536-1560) T2 - Person und Wissen: Bilanz und Perspektiven Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-7281-4114-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3218/4114-9 SP - 131 EP - 152 PB - vdf CY - Zürich ET - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fühner, Thea Heidi A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Golle, Kathleen A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Age and sex effects in physical fitness components of 108,295 third graders including 515 primary schools and 9 cohorts JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Children’s physical fitness development and related moderating effects of age and sex are well documented, especially boys’ and girls’ divergence during puberty. The situation might be different during prepuberty. As girls mature approximately two years earlier than boys, we tested a possible convergence of performance with five tests representing four components of physical fitness in a large sample of 108,295 eight-year old third-graders. Within this single prepubertal year of life and irrespective of the test, performance increased linearly with chronological age, and boys outperformed girls to a larger extent in tests requiring muscle mass for successful performance. Tests differed in the magnitude of age effects (gains), but there was no evidence for an interaction between age and sex. Moreover, “physical fitness” of schools correlated at r = 0.48 with their age effect which might imply that "fit schools” promote larger gains; expected secular trends from 2011 to 2019 were replicated. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97000-4 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Nature Portfolio CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braun, Jean A1 - Gemignani, Lorenzo A1 - van der Beek, Pieter A. T1 - Extracting information on the spatial variability in erosion rate stored in detrital cooling age distributions in river sands JF - Earth surface dynamics N2 - One of the main purposes of detrital thermochronology is to provide constraints on the regional-scale exhumation rate and its spatial variability in actively eroding mountain ranges. Procedures that use cooling age distributions coupled with hypsometry and thermal models have been developed in order to extract quantitative estimates of erosion rate and its spatial distribution, assuming steady state between tectonic uplift and erosion. This hypothesis precludes the use of these procedures to assess the likely transient response of mountain belts to changes in tectonic or climatic forcing. Other methods are based on an a priori knowledge of the in situ distribution of ages to interpret the detrital age distributions. In this paper, we describe a simple method that, using the observed detrital mineral age distributions collected along a river, allows us to extract information about the relative distribution of erosion rates in an eroding catchment without relying on a steady-state assumption, the value of thermal parameters or an a priori knowledge of in situ age distributions. The model is based on a relatively low number of parameters describing lithological variability among the various sub-catchments and their sizes and only uses the raw ages. The method we propose is tested against synthetic age distributions to demonstrate its accuracy and the optimum conditions for it use. In order to illustrate the method, we invert age distributions collected along the main trunk of the Tsangpo-Siang-Brahmaputra river system in the eastern Himalaya. From the inversion of the cooling age distributions we predict present-day erosion rates of the catchments along the Tsangpo-Siang-Brahmaputra river system, as well as some of its tributaries. We show that detrital age distributions contain dual information about present-day erosion rate, i. e., from the predicted distribution of surface ages within each catchment and from the relative contribution of any given catchment to the river distribution. The method additionally allows comparing modern erosion rates to long-term exhumation rates. We provide a simple implementation of the method in Python code within a Jupyter Notebook that includes the data used in this paper for illustration purposes. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-257-2018 SN - 2196-6311 SN - 2196-632X VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 257 EP - 270 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Qiong A1 - Smith, Joel A. A1 - Skroblin, Dieter A1 - Steele, Julian A. A1 - Wolff, Christian Michael A1 - Caprioglio, Pietro A1 - Stolterfoht, Martin A1 - Köbler, Hans A1 - Turren-Cruz, Silver-Hamill A1 - Li, Meng A1 - Gollwitzer, Christian A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Abate, Antonio T1 - Managing phase purities and crystal orientation for high-performance and photostable cesium lead halide perovskite solar cells JF - Solar RRL N2 - Inorganic perovskites with cesium (Cs+) as the cation have great potential as photovoltaic materials if their phase purity and stability can be addressed. Herein, a series of inorganic perovskites is studied, and it is found that the power conversion efficiency of solar cells with compositions CsPbI1.8Br1.2, CsPbI2.0Br1.0, and CsPbI2.2Br0.8 exhibits a high dependence on the initial annealing step that is found to significantly affect the crystallization and texture behavior of the final perovskite film. At its optimized annealing temperature, CsPbI1.8Br1.2 exhibits a pure orthorhombic phase and only one crystal orientation of the (110) plane. Consequently, this allows for the best efficiency of up to 14.6% and the longest operational lifetime, T-S80, of approximate to 300 h, averaged of over six solar cells, during the maximum power point tracking measurement under continuous light illumination and nitrogen atmosphere. This work provides essential progress on the enhancement of photovoltaic performance and stability of CsPbI3 - xBrx perovskite solar cells. KW - cesium lead halides KW - crystal orientation KW - inorganic perovskites KW - ISOS-L-1I protocol KW - phase purity KW - photostability Y1 - 2020 VL - 4 IS - 9 PB - WILEY-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ariagno, Coline A1 - Le Bouteiller, Caroline A1 - van der Beek, Pieter A. A1 - Klotz, Sébastien T1 - Sediment export in marly badland catchments modulated by frost-cracking intensity, Draix–Bléone Critical Zone Observatory, SE France JF - Earth surface dynamics : ESURF ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - At the interface between the lithosphere and the atmosphere, the critical zone records the complex interactions between erosion, climate, geologic substrate, and life and can be directly monitored. Long data records (30 consecutive years for sediment yields) collected in the sparsely vegetated, steep, and small marly badland catchments of the Draix-Bleone Critical Zone Observatory (CZO), SE France, allow analyzing potential climatic controls on regolith dynamics and sediment export. Although widely accepted as a first-order control, rainfall variability does not fully explain the observed interannual variability in sediment export. Previous studies in this area have suggested that frost-weathering processes could drive regolith production and potentially modulate the observed pattern of sediment export. Here, we define sediment export anomalies as the residuals from a predictive model with annual rainfall intensity above a threshold as the control. We then use continuous soil temperature data recorded at different locations over multiple years to highlight the role of different frost-weathering processes (i.e., ice segregation versus volumetric expansion) in regolith production. Several proxies for different frost-weathering processes have been calculated from these data and compared to the sediment export anomalies, with careful consideration of field data quality. Our results suggest that frost-cracking intensity (linked to ice segregation) can explain about half (47 %-64 %) of the sediment export anomalies. In contrast, the number of freeze-thaw cycles (linked to volumetric expansion) has only a minor impact on catchment sediment response. The time spent below 0 degrees C also correlates well with the sediment export anomalies and requires fewer field data to be calculated than the frost-cracking intensity. Thus, frost-weathering processes modulate sediment export by controlling regolith production in these catchments and should be taken into account when building predictive models of sediment export from these badlands under a changing climate. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-81-2022 SN - 2196-6311 SN - 2196-632X VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 81 EP - 96 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peter, Lena A1 - Wendering, Désirée Jacqueline A1 - Schlickeiser, Stephan A1 - Hoffmann, Henrike A1 - Noster, Rebecca A1 - Wagner, Dimitrios Laurin A1 - Zarrinrad, Ghazaleh A1 - Münch, Sandra A1 - Picht, Samira A1 - Schulenberg, Sarah A1 - Moradian, Hanieh A1 - Mashreghi, Mir-Farzin A1 - Klein, Oliver A1 - Gossen, Manfred A1 - Roch, Toralf A1 - Babel, Nina A1 - Reinke, Petra A1 - Volk, Hans-Dieter A1 - Amini, Leila A1 - Schmueck-Henneresse, Michael T1 - Tacrolimus-resistant SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell products to prevent and treat severe COVID-19 in immunosuppressed patients JF - Molecular therapy methods and clinical development N2 - Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients receive therapeutic immunosuppression that compromises their immune response to infections and vaccines. For this reason, SOT patients have a high risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and an increased risk of death from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Moreover, the efficiency of immunotherapies and vaccines is reduced due to the constant immunosuppression in this patient group. Here, we propose adoptive transfer of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells made resistant to a common immunosuppressant, tacrolimus, for optimized performance in the immunosuppressed patient. Using a ribonucleoprotein approach of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we have generated tacrolimus-resistant SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell products from convalescent donors and demonstrate their specificity and function through characterizations at the single-cell level, including flow cytometry, single-cell RNA (scRNA) Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes (CITE), and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing analyses. Based on the promising results, we aim for clinical validation of this approach in transplant recipients. Additionally, we propose a combinatory approach with tacrolimus, to prevent an overshooting immune response manifested as bystander T cell activation in the setting of severe COVID-19 immunopathology, and tacrolimus-resistant SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell products, allowing for efficient clearance of viral infection. Our strategy has the potential to prevent severe COVID-19 courses in SOT or autoimmunity settings and to prevent immunopathology while providing viral clearance in severe non-transplant COVID-19 cases. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtm.2022.02.012 SN - 2329-0501 VL - 25 SP - 52 EP - 73 PB - Cell Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pisoni, Stefano A1 - Stolterfoht, Martin A1 - Lockinger, Johannes A1 - Moser, Thierry A1 - Jiang, Yan A1 - Caprioglio, Pietro A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Buecheler, Stephan A1 - Tiwari, Ayodhya N. T1 - On the origin of open-circuit voltage losses in flexible n-i-p perovskite solar cells JF - Science and technology of advanced materials : STAM N2 - The possibility to manufacture perovskite solar cells (PSCs) at low temperatures paves the way to flexible and lightweight photovoltaic (PV) devices manufactured via high-throughput roll-to-roll processes. In order to achieve higher power conversion efficiencies, it is necessary to approach the radiative limit via suppression of non-radiative recombination losses. Herein, we performed a systematic voltage loss analysis for a typical low-temperature processed, flexible PSC in n-i-p configuration using vacuum deposited C-60 as electron transport layer (ETL) and two-step hybrid vacuum-solution deposition for CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite absorber. We identified the ETL/absorber interface as a bottleneck in relation to non-radiative recombination losses, the quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS) decreases from similar to 1.23 eV for the bare absorber, just similar to 90 meV below the radiative limit, to similar to 1.10 eV when C-60 is used as ETL. To effectively mitigate these voltage losses, we investigated different interfacial modifications via vacuum deposited interlayers (BCP, B4PyMPM, 3TPYMB, and LiF). An improvement in QFLS of similar to 30-40 meV is observed after interlayer deposition and confirmed by comparable improvements in the open-circuit voltage after implementation of these interfacial modifications in flexible PSCs. Further investigations on absorber/hole transport layer (HTL) interface point out the detrimental role of dopants in Spiro-OMeTAD film (widely employed HTL in the community) as recombination centers upon oxidation and light exposure. [GRAPHICS] . KW - Perovskite solar cell KW - flexible KW - interface engineering KW - non-radiative recombination KW - quasi-Fermi level splitting Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2019.1633952 SN - 1468-6996 SN - 1878-5514 VL - 20 SP - 786 EP - 795 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barcena, Maria Luisa A1 - Aslam, Muhammad A1 - Pozdniakova, Sofya A1 - Norman, Kristina A1 - Ladilov, Yury T1 - Cardiovascular inflammaging: mechanisms and translational aspects JF - Cells N2 - Aging is one of the major non-reversible risk factors for several chronic diseases, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, dementia, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and it is a key cause of multimorbidity, disability, and frailty (decreased physical activity, fatigue, and weight loss). The underlying cellular mechanisms are complex and consist of multifactorial processes, such as telomere shortening, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of senescent cells, and reduced autophagy. In this review, we focused on the molecular mechanisms and translational aspects of cardiovascular aging-related inflammation, i.e., inflammaging. KW - cardiac inflammaging KW - vascular senescence KW - mitochondrial homeostasis KW - microbiome Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11061010 SN - 2073-4409 VL - 11 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulze, Patricia S. C. A1 - Bett, Alexander J. A1 - Bivour, Martin A1 - Caprioglio, Pietro A1 - Gerspacher, Fabian M. A1 - Kabaklı, Özde Ş. A1 - Richter, Armin A1 - Stolterfoht, Martin A1 - Zhang, Qinxin A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Hermle, Martin A1 - Hillebrecht, Harald A1 - Glunz, Stefan W. A1 - Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph T1 - 25.1% high-efficiency monolithic perovskite silicon tandem solar cell with a high bandgap perovskite absorber JF - Solar RRL N2 - Monolithic perovskite silicon tandem solar cells can overcome the theoretical efficiency limit of silicon solar cells. This requires an optimum bandgap, high quantum efficiency, and high stability of the perovskite. Herein, a silicon heterojunction bottom cell is combined with a perovskite top cell, with an optimum bandgap of 1.68 eV in planar p-i-n tandem configuration. A methylammonium-free FA(0.75)Cs(0.25)Pb(I0.8Br0.2)(3) perovskite with high Cs content is investigated for improved stability. A 10% molarity increase to 1.1 m of the perovskite precursor solution results in approximate to 75 nm thicker absorber layers and 0.7 mA cm(-2) higher short-circuit current density. With the optimized absorber, tandem devices reach a high fill factor of 80% and up to 25.1% certified efficiency. The unencapsulated tandem device shows an efficiency improvement of 2.3% (absolute) over 5 months, showing the robustness of the absorber against degradation. Moreover, a photoluminescence quantum yield analysis reveals that with adapted charge transport materials and surface passivation, along with improved antireflection measures, the high bandgap perovskite absorber has the potential for 30% tandem efficiency in the near future. KW - heterojunction silicon solar cells KW - interfaces KW - perovskite solar cells KW - tandem solar cells KW - thin films Y1 - 2020 VL - 4 IS - 7 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CY - New Jersey ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heistermann, Maik A1 - Bogena, Heye A1 - Francke, Till A1 - Güntner, Andreas A1 - Jakobi, Jannis A1 - Rasche, Daniel A1 - Schrön, Martin A1 - Döpper, Veronika A1 - Fersch, Benjamin A1 - Groh, Jannis A1 - Patil, Amol A1 - Pütz, Thomas A1 - Reich, Marvin A1 - Zacharias, Steffen A1 - Zengerle, Carmen A1 - Oswald, Sascha T1 - Soil moisture observation in a forested headwater catchment: Combining a dense cosmic-ray neutron sensor network with roving and hydrogravimetry at the TERENO site Wüstebach JF - Earth system science data N2 - Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has become an effective method to measure soil moisture at a horizontal scale of hundreds of metres and a depth of decimetres. Recent studies proposed operating CRNS in a network with overlapping footprints in order to cover root-zone water dynamics at the small catchment scale and, at the same time, to represent spatial heterogeneity. In a joint field campaign from September to November 2020 (JFC-2020), five German research institutions deployed 15 CRNS sensors in the 0.4 km(2) Wustebach catchment (Eifel mountains, Germany). The catchment is dominantly forested (but includes a substantial fraction of open vegetation) and features a topographically distinct catchment boundary. In addition to the dense CRNS coverage, the campaign featured a unique combination of additional instruments and techniques: hydro-gravimetry (to detect water storage dynamics also below the root zone); ground-based and, for the first time, airborne CRNS roving; an extensive wireless soil sensor network, supplemented by manual measurements; and six weighable lysimeters. Together with comprehensive data from the long-term local research infrastructure, the published data set (available at https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.756ca0485800474e9dc7f5949c63b872; Heistermann et al., 2022) will be a valuable asset in various research contexts: to advance the retrieval of landscape water storage from CRNS, wireless soil sensor networks, or hydrogravimetry; to identify scale-specific combinations of sensors and methods to represent soil moisture variability; to improve the understanding and simulation of land-atmosphere exchange as well as hydrological and hydrogeological processes at the hillslope and the catchment scale; and to support the retrieval of soil water content from airborne and spaceborne remote sensing platforms. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2501-2022 SN - 1866-3508 SN - 1866-3516 VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 2501 EP - 2519 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fuchs, Matthias A1 - Palmtag, Juri A1 - Juhls, Bennet A1 - Overduin, Pier Paul A1 - Grosse, Guido A1 - Abdelwahab, Ahmed A1 - Bedington, Michael A1 - Sanders, Tina A1 - Ogneva, Olga A1 - Fedorova, Irina A1 - Zimov, Nikita S. A1 - Mann, Paul J. A1 - Strauss, Jens T1 - High-resolution bathymetry models for the Lena Delta and Kolyma Gulf coastal zones JF - Earth system science data N2 - Arctic river deltas and deltaic near-shore zones represent important land-ocean transition zones influencing sediment dynamics and nutrient fluxes from permafrost-affected terrestrial ecosystems into the coastal Arctic Ocean. To accurately model fluvial carbon and freshwater export from rapidly changing river catchments as well as assess impacts of future change on the Arctic shelf and coastal ecosystems, we need to understand the sea floor characteristics and topographic variety of the coastal zones. To date, digital bathymetrical data from the poorly accessible, shallow, and large areas of the eastern Siberian Arctic shelves are sparse. We have digitized bathymetrical information for nearly 75 000 locations from large-scale (1 V 25000-1 V 500000) current and historical nautical maps of the Lena Delta and the Kolyma Gulf region in northeastern Siberia. We present the first detailed and seamless digital models of coastal zone bathymetry for both delta and gulf regions in 50 and 200m spatial resolution. We validated the resulting bathymetry layers using a combination of our own water depth measurements and a collection of available depth measurements, which showed a strong correlation (r>0.9). Our bathymetrical models will serve as an input for a high-resolution coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem model to better quantify fluvial and coastal carbon fluxes to the Arctic Ocean, but they may be useful for a range of other studies related to Arctic delta and near-shore dynamics such as modeling of submarine permafrost, near-shore sea ice, or shelf sediment transport. The new digital high-resolution bathymetry products are available on the PANGAEA data set repository for the Lena Delta (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934045; Fuchs et al., 2021a) and Kolyma Gulf region (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934049; Fuchs et al., 2021b), respectively. Likewise, the depth validation data are available on PANGAEA as well (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933187; Fuchs et al., 2021c). Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2279-2022 SN - 1866-3508 SN - 1866-3516 VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 2279 EP - 2301 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cesca, Simone A1 - Stich, Daniel A1 - Grigoli, Francesco A1 - Vuan, Alessandro A1 - López-Comino, José Ángel A1 - Niemz, Peter A1 - Blanch, Estefanía A1 - Dahm, Torsten A1 - Ellsworth, William L. T1 - Reply to: Multiple induced seismicity mechanisms at Castor underground gas storage illustrate the need for thorough monitoring T2 - Nature communications Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30904-5 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Nature Research CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim A1 - Iruela-Arispe, M. Luisa A1 - Penninger, Josef M. A1 - Tournier-Lasserve, Elisabeth A1 - Vikkula, Miikka A1 - Cleaver, Ondine T1 - Recalibrating vascular malformations and mechanotransduction by pharmacological intervention JF - Journal of clinical investigation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI160227 SN - 0021-9738 SN - 1558-8238 VL - 132 IS - 8 PB - American Society for Clinical Investigation CY - Ann Arbor ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Jian A1 - Shen, Jinhua A1 - Zhang, Xiaoli A1 - Peng, Yangqin A1 - Zhang, Qin A1 - Hu, Liang A1 - Reichetzeder, Christoph A1 - Zeng, Suimin A1 - Li, Jing A1 - Tian, Mei A1 - Gong, Fei A1 - Lin, Ge A1 - Hocher, Berthold T1 - Risk factors associated with preterm birth after IVF/ICSI JF - Scientific reports N2 - In vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) is associated with an increased risk of preterm (33rd-37th gestational week) and early preterm birth (20th-32nd gestational week). The underlying general and procedure related risk factors are not well understood so far. 4328 infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI were entered into this study. The study population was divided into three groups: (a) early preterm birth group (n = 66), (b) preterm birth group (n = 675) and (c) full-term birth group (n = 3653). Odds for preterm birth were calculated by stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. We identified seven independent risk factors for preterm birth and four independent risk factors for early preterm birth. Older (> 39) or younger (< 25) maternal age (OR: 1.504, 95% CI 1.108-2.042, P = 0.009; OR: 2.125, 95% CI 1.049-4.304, P = 0.036, respectively), multiple pregnancy (OR: 9.780, 95% CI 8.014-11.935, P < 0.001; OR: 8.588, 95% CI 4.866-15.157, P < 0.001, respectively), placenta previa (OR: 14.954, 95% CI 8.053-27.767, P < 0.001; OR: 16.479, 95% CI 4.381-61.976, P < 0.001, respectively), and embryo reduction (OR: 3.547, 95% CI 1.736-7.249, P = 0.001; OR: 7.145, 95% CI 1.990-25.663, P = 0.003, respectively) were associated with preterm birth and early preterm birth, whereas gestational hypertension (OR: 2.494, 95% CI 1.770-3.514, P < 0.001), elevated triglycerides (OR: 1.120, 95% CI 1.011-1.240, P = 0.030) and shorter activated partial thromboplastin time (OR: 0.967, 95% CI 0.949-0.985, P < 0.001) were associated only with preterm birth. In conclusion, preterm and early preterm birth risk factors in patients undergoing assisted IVF/ICSI are in general similar to those in natural pregnancy. The lack of some associations in the early preterm group was most likely due to the lower number of early preterm birth cases. Only embryo reduction represents an IVF/ICSI specific risk factor. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12149-w SN - 2045-2322 VL - 12 IS - 1 PB - Nature Research CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Huizhen A1 - Giannetti, Alessandro A1 - Sugiyama, Yuki A1 - Zheng, Wenna A1 - Schneider, René A1 - Watanabe, Yoichiro A1 - Oda, Yoshihisa A1 - Persson, Staffan T1 - Secondary cell wall patterning-connecting the dots, pits and helices JF - Open biology N2 - All plant cells are encased in primary cell walls that determine plant morphology, but also protect the cells against the environment. Certain cells also produce a secondary wall that supports mechanically demanding processes, such as maintaining plant body stature and water transport inside plants. Both these walls are primarily composed of polysaccharides that are arranged in certain patterns to support cell functions. A key requisite for patterned cell walls is the arrangement of cortical microtubules that may direct the delivery of wall polymers and/or cell wall producing enzymes to certain plasma membrane locations. Microtubules also steer the synthesis of cellulose-the load-bearing structure in cell walls-at the plasma membrane. The organization and behaviour of the microtubule array are thus of fundamental importance to cell wall patterns. These aspects are controlled by the coordinated effort of small GTPases that probably coordinate a Turing's reaction-diffusion mechanism to drive microtubule patterns. Here, we give an overview on how wall patterns form in the water-transporting xylem vessels of plants. We discuss systems that have been used to dissect mechanisms that underpin the xylem wall patterns, emphasizing the VND6 and VND7 inducible systems, and outline challenges that lay ahead in this field. KW - plant cell wall KW - microtubules KW - xylem KW - cell wall patterning KW - cellulose Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210208 SN - 2046-2441 VL - 12 IS - 5 PB - Royal Society CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alvarado-Gómez, Julián D. A1 - Cohen, Ofer A1 - Drake, Jeremy J. A1 - Fraschetti, Federico A1 - Poppenhäger, Katja A1 - Garraffo, Cecilia A1 - Chebly, Judy A1 - Ilin, Ekaterina A1 - Harbach, Laura A1 - Kochukhov, Oleg T1 - Simulating the space weather in the AU Mic system: stellar winds and extreme coronal mass ejections JF - Astrophysical journal N2 - Two close-in planets have been recently found around the M-dwarf flare star AU Microscopii (AU Mic). These Neptune-sized planets (AU Mic b and c) seem to be located very close to the so-called "evaporation valley" in the exoplanet population, making this system an important target for studying atmospheric loss on exoplanets. This process, while mainly driven by high-energy stellar radiation, will be strongly mediated by the space environment surrounding the planets. Here we present an investigation of this last area, performing 3D numerical modeling of the quiescent stellar wind from AU Mic, as well as time-dependent simulations describing the evolution of a highly energetic coronal mass ejection (CME) event in this system. Observational constraints on the stellar magnetic field and properties of the eruption are incorporated in our models. We carry out qualitative and quantitative characterizations of the stellar wind, the emerging CMEs, as well as the expected steady and transient conditions along the orbit of both exoplanets. Our results predict extreme space weather for AU Mic and its planets. This includes sub-Alfvenic regions for the large majority of the exoplanet orbits, very high dynamic and magnetic pressure values in quiescence (varying within 10(2)-10(5) times the dynamic pressure experienced by Earth), and an even harsher environment during the passage of any escaping CME associated with the frequent flaring observed in AU Mic. These space weather conditions alone pose an immense challenge for the survival of exoplanetary atmospheres (if any) in this system. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac54b8 SN - 1538-4357 VL - 928 IS - 2 PB - IOP Publishing CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walch, Daniela M. R. A1 - Singh, Rakesh K. A1 - Soreide, Janne E. A1 - Lantuit, Hugues A1 - Poste, Amanda T1 - Spatio-temporal variability of suspended particulate matter in a high-arctic estuary (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) using sentinel-2 time-series JF - Remote sensing N2 - Arctic coasts, which feature land-ocean transport of freshwater, sediments, and other terrestrial material, are impacted by climate change, including increased temperatures, melting glaciers, changes in precipitation and runoff. These trends are assumed to affect productivity in fjordic estuaries. However, the spatial extent and temporal variation of the freshwater-driven darkening of fjords remain unresolved. The present study illustrates the spatio-temporal variability of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Adventfjorden estuary, Svalbard, using in-situ field campaigns and ocean colour remote sensing (OCRS) via high-resolution Sentinel-2 imagery. To compute SPM concentration (C-SPMsat), a semi-analytical algorithm was regionally calibrated using local in-situ data, which improved the accuracy of satellite-derived SPM concentration by similar to 20% (MRD). Analysis of SPM concentration for two consecutive years (2019, 2020) revealed strong seasonality of SPM in Adventfjorden. Highest estimated SPM concentrations and river plume extent (% of fjord with C-SPMsat > 30 mg L-1) occurred during June, July, and August. Concurrently, we observed a strong relationship between river plume extent and average air temperature over the 24 h prior to the observation (R-2 = 0.69). Considering predicted changes to environmental conditions in the Arctic region, this study highlights the importance of the rapidly changing environmental parameters and the significance of remote sensing in analysing fluxes in light attenuating particles, especially in the coastal Arctic Ocean. KW - ocean colour KW - coastal darkening KW - SPM KW - sediment plumes KW - Arctic coast KW - remote sensing KW - regional tuning KW - coastal ecosystems; KW - land-ocean-interaction KW - riverine inputs Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133123 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 14 IS - 13 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaa, Johannes M. A1 - Sternemann, Christian A1 - Appel, Karen A1 - Cerantola, Valerio A1 - Preston, Thomas R. A1 - Albers, Christian A1 - Elbers, Mirko A1 - Libon, Lelia A1 - Makita, Mikako A1 - Pelka, Alexander A1 - Petitgirard, Sylvain A1 - Plückthun, Christian A1 - Roddatis, Vladimir A1 - Sahle, Christoph J. A1 - Spiekermann, Georg A1 - Schmidt, Christian A1 - Schreiber, Anja A1 - Sakrowski, Robin A1 - Tolan, Metin A1 - Wilke, Max A1 - Zastrau, Ulf A1 - Konopkova, Zuzana T1 - Structural and electron spin state changes in an x-ray heated iron carbonate system at the Earth's lower mantle pressures JF - Physical review research N2 - The determination of the spin state of iron-bearing compounds at high pressure and temperature is crucial for our understanding of chemical and physical properties of the deep Earth. Studies on the relationship between the coordination of iron and its electronic spin structure in iron-bearing oxides, silicates, carbonates, iron alloys, and other minerals found in the Earth's mantle and core are scarce because of the technical challenges to simultaneously probe the sample at high pressures and temperatures. We used the unique properties of a pulsed and highly brilliant x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) beam at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument of the European XFEL to x-ray heat and probe samples contained in a diamond anvil cell. We heated and probed with the same x-ray pulse train and simultaneously measured x-ray emission and x-ray diffraction of an FeCO3 sample at a pressure of 51 GPa with up to melting temperatures. We collected spin state sensitive Fe K beta(1,3) fluorescence spectra and detected the sample's structural changes via diffraction, observing the inverse volume collapse across the spin transition. During x-ray heating, the carbonate transforms into orthorhombic Fe4C3O12 and iron oxides. Incipient melting was also observed. This approach to collect information about the electronic state and structural changes from samples contained in a diamond anvil cell at melting temperatures and above will considerably improve our understanding of the structure and dynamics of planetary and exoplanetary interiors. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.033042 SN - 2643-1564 VL - 4 IS - 3 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Zhihao A1 - Wang, Ting A1 - Kuang, Jin A1 - Herold, Fabian A1 - Ludyga, Sebastian A1 - Li, Jingming A1 - Hall, Daniel L. A1 - Taylor, Alyx A1 - Healy, Sean A1 - Yeung, Albert S. A1 - Kramer, Arthur F. A1 - Zou, Liye T1 - The roles of exercise tolerance and resilience in the effect of physical activity on emotional states among college students JF - International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology N2 - Background/objective: Negative emotional states, such as depression, anxiety, and stress challenge health care due to their long-term consequences for mental disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates that regular physical activity (PA) can positively influence negative emotional states. Among possible candidates, resilience and exercise tolerance in particular have the potential to partly explain the positive effects of PA on negative emotional states. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between PA and negative emotional states, and further determine the mediating effects of exercise tolerance and resilience in such a relationship. Method: In total, 1117 Chinese college students (50.4% female, Mage=18.90, SD=1.25) completed a psychosocial battery, including the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire (PRETIE-Q), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF). Regression analysis was used to identify the serial multiple mediation, controlling for gender, age and BMI. Results: PA, exercise intensity-tolerance, and resilience were significantly negatively correlated with negative emotional states (Ps<.05). Further, exercise tolerance and resilience partially mediated the relationship between PA and negative emotional states. Conclusions: Resilience and exercise intensity-tolerance can be achieved through regularly engaging in PA, and these newly observed variables play critical roles in prevention of mental illnesses, especially college students who face various challenges. Recommended amount of PA should be incorporated into curriculum or sport clubs within a campus environment. KW - Exercise tolerance KW - Resilience KW - Physical activity KW - Emotion KW - Depression Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100312 SN - 1697-2600 SN - 1576-7329 VL - 22 IS - 3 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kumar, Rohini A1 - Hesse, Fabienne A1 - Rao, P. Srinivasa A1 - Musolff, Andreas A1 - Jawitz, James A1 - Sarrazin, Francois A1 - Samaniego, Luis A1 - Fleckenstein, Jan H. A1 - Rakovec, Oldrich A1 - Thober, S. A1 - Attinger, Sabine T1 - Strong hydroclimatic controls on vulnerability to subsurface nitrate contamination across Europe JF - Nature Communications N2 - Subsurface contamination due to excessive nutrient surpluses is a persistent and widespread problem in agricultural areas across Europe. The vulnerability of a particular location to pollution from reactive solutes, such as nitrate, is determined by the interplay between hydrologic transport and biogeochemical transformations. Current studies on the controls of subsurface vulnerability do not consider the transient behaviour of transport dynamics in the root zone. Here, using state-of-the-art hydrologic simulations driven by observed hydroclimatic forcing, we demonstrate the strong spatiotemporal heterogeneity of hydrologic transport dynamics and reveal that these dynamics are primarily controlled by the hydroclimatic gradient of the aridity index across Europe. Contrasting the space-time dynamics of transport times with reactive timescales of denitrification in soil indicate that similar to 75% of the cultivated areas across Europe are potentially vulnerable to nitrate leaching for at least onethird of the year. We find that neglecting the transient nature of transport and reaction timescale results in a great underestimation of the extent of vulnerable regions by almost 50%. Therefore, future vulnerability and risk assessment studies must account for the transient behaviour of transport and biogeochemical transformation processes. KW - travel time distributions KW - groundwater vulnerability KW - flux tracking KW - transit-time KW - water age KW - nitrogen KW - model KW - dynamics KW - pollution KW - patterns Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19955-8 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Agne, Stefanie A1 - Naylor, Gavin J. P. A1 - Preick, Michaela A1 - Yang, Lei A1 - Thiel, Ralf A1 - Weigmann, Simon A1 - Paijmans, Johanna L. A. A1 - Barlow, Axel A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Straube, Nicolas T1 - Taxonomic identification of two poorly known lantern shark species based on mitochondrial DNA from wet-collection paratypes JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - Etmopteridae (lantern sharks) is the most species-rich family of sharks, comprising more than 50 species. Many species are described from few individuals, and re-collection of specimens is often hindered by the remoteness of their sampling sites. For taxonomic studies, comparative morphological analysis of type specimens housed in natural history collections has been the main source of evidence. In contrast, DNA sequence information has rarely been used. Most lantern shark collection specimens, including the types, were formalin fixed before long-term storage in ethanol solutions. The DNA damage caused by both fixation and preservation of specimens has excluded these specimens from DNA sequence-based phylogenetic analyses so far. However, recent advances in the field of ancient DNA have allowed recovery of wet-collection specimen DNA sequence data. Here we analyse archival mitochondrial DNA sequences, obtained using ancient DNA approaches, of two wet-collection lantern shark paratype specimens, namely Etmopterus litvinovi and E. pycnolepis, for which the type series represent the only known individuals. Target capture of mitochondrial markers from single-stranded DNA libraries allows for phylogenetic placement of both species. Our results suggest synonymy of E. benchleyi with E. litvinovi but support the species status of E. pycnolepis. This revised taxonomy is helpful for future conservation and management efforts, as our results indicate a larger distribution range of E. litvinovi. This study further demonstrates the importance of wet-collection type specimens as genetic resource for taxonomic research. KW - type specimens KW - Etmopterus litvinovi KW - Etmopterus pycnolepis KW - deep-sea KW - sharks KW - archival DNA Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.910009 SN - 2296-701X VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeuschner, Steffen Peer A1 - Mattern, Maximilian A1 - Pudell, Jan-Etienne A1 - Reppert, Alexander von A1 - Rössle, Matthias A1 - Leitenberger, Wolfram A1 - Schwarzkopf, Jutta A1 - Boschker, Jos A1 - Herzog, Marc A1 - Bargheer, Matias T1 - Reciprocal space slicing BT - a time-efficient approach to femtosecond x-ray diffraction JF - Structural dynamics N2 - An experimental technique that allows faster assessment of out-of-plane strain dynamics of thin film heterostructures via x-ray diffraction is presented. In contrast to conventional high-speed reciprocal space-mapping setups, our approach reduces the measurement time drastically due to a fixed measurement geometry with a position-sensitive detector. This means that neither the incident (ω) nor the exit (2θ) diffraction angle is scanned during the strain assessment via x-ray diffraction. Shifts of diffraction peaks on the fixed x-ray area detector originate from an out-of-plane strain within the sample. Quantitative strain assessment requires the determination of a factor relating the observed shift to the change in the reciprocal lattice vector. The factor depends only on the widths of the peak along certain directions in reciprocal space, the diffraction angle of the studied reflection, and the resolution of the instrumental setup. We provide a full theoretical explanation and exemplify the concept with picosecond strain dynamics of a thin layer of NbO2. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/4.0000040 SN - 2329-7778 VL - 8 IS - 1 PB - AIP Publishing LLC CY - Melville, NY ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haase, Jennifer A1 - Matthiesen, Julia A1 - Schüffler, Arnulf A1 - Kluge, Annette T1 - Retentivity beats prior knowledge as predictor for the acquisition and adaptation of new production processes T2 - Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences N2 - In the time of digitalization the demand for organizational change is rising and demands ways to cope with fundamental changes on the organizational as well as individual level. As a basis, learning and forgetting mechanisms need to be understood in order to guide a change process efficiently and successfully. Our research aims to get a better understanding of individual differences and mechanisms in the change context by performing an experiment where individuals learn and later re-learn a complex production process using a simulation setting. The individual’s performance, as well as retentivity and prior knowledge is assessed. Our results show that higher retentivity goes along with better learning and forgetting performances. Prior knowledge did not reveal such relation to the learning and forgetting performances. The influence of age and gender is discussed in detail. KW - Innovation in Organizations: Learning KW - learning KW - Unlearning KW - Intentional Forgetting KW - experiment KW - forgetting KW - prior knowledge KW - production process KW - retentivity Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10125/64331 VL - 53 SP - 4797 EP - 4805 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ermakova, Tatiana A1 - Fabian, Benjamin A1 - Bender, Benedict A1 - Klimek, Kerstin T1 - Web Tracking BT - a literature review on the state of research T2 - Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 51) N2 - Web tracking seems to become ubiquitous in online business and leads to increased privacy concerns of users. This paper provides an overview over the current state of the art of web-tracking research, aiming to reveal the relevance and methodologies of this research area and creates a foundation for future work. In particular, this study addresses the following research questions: What methods are followed? What results have been achieved so far? What are potential future research areas? For these goals, a structured literature review based upon an established methodological framework is conducted. The identified articles are investigated with respect to the applied research methodologies and the aspects of web tracking they emphasize. KW - Information Security and Privacy KW - literature review KW - privacy KW - web-tracking Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2018.596 SN - 2572-6862 SP - 4732 EP - 4741 PB - HICSS Conference Office University of Hawaii at Manoa CY - Maile Way ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Abramova, Olga A1 - Batzel, Katharina A1 - Modesti, Daniela T1 - Coping and regulatory responses on social media during health crisis BT - a large-scale analysis T2 - Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences N2 - During a crisis event, social media enables two-way communication and many-to-many information broadcasting, browsing others’ posts, publishing own content, and public commenting. These records can deliver valuable insights to approach problematic situations effectively. Our study explores how social media communication can be analyzed to understand the responses to health crises better. Results based on nearly 800 K tweets indicate that the coping and regulation foci framework holds good explanatory power, with four clusters salient in public reactions: 1) “Understanding” (problem-promotion); 2) “Action planning” (problem-prevention); 3) “Hope” (emotion-promotion) and 4) “Reassurance” (emotion-prevention). Second, the inter-temporal analysis shows high volatility of topic proportions and a shift from self-centered to community-centered topics during the course of the event. The insights are beneficial for research on crisis management and practicians who are interested in large-scale monitoring of their audience for well-informed decision-making. KW - Digital-Enabled Human-Information Interaction KW - big data KW - data mining KW - health crisis KW - social media Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-9981331-5-7 PB - HICSS Conference Office University of Hawaii at Manoa CY - Honolulu ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hagemann, Linus A1 - Abramova, Olga T1 - Crafting audience engagement in social media conversations BT - evidence from the U.S. 2020 presidential elections T2 - Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences N2 - Observing inconsistent results in prior studies, this paper applies the elaboration likelihood model to investigate the impact of affective and cognitive cues embedded in social media messages on audience engagement during a political event. Leveraging a rich dataset in the context of the 2020 U.S. presidential elections containing more than 3 million tweets, we found the prominence of both cue types. For the overall sample, positivity and sentiment are negatively related to engagement. In contrast, the post-hoc sub-sample analysis of tweets from famous users shows that emotionally charged content is more engaging. The role of sentiment decreases when the number of followers grows and ultimately becomes insignificant for Twitter participants with a vast number of followers. Prosocial orientation (“we-talk”) is consistently associated with more likes, comments, and retweets in the overall sample and sub-samples. KW - mediated conversation KW - big data KW - engagement KW - sentiment analysis KW - social media Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-9981331-5-7 SP - 3222 EP - 3231 PB - HICSS Conference Office University of Hawaii at Manoa CY - Honolulu ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Abramova, Olga T1 - Does a smile open all doors? BT - understanding the impact of appearance disclosure on accommodation sharing platforms T2 - Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences N2 - Online photographs govern an individual’s choices across a variety of contexts. In sharing arrangements, facial appearance has been shown to affect the desire to collaborate, interest to explore a listing, and even willingness to pay for a stay. Because of the ubiquity of online images and their influence on social attitudes, it seems crucial to be able to control these aspects. The present study examines the effect of different photographic self-disclosures on the provider’s perceptions and willingness to accept a potential co-sharer. The findings from our experiment in the accommodation-sharing context suggest social attraction mediates the effect of photographic self-disclosures on willingness to host. Implications of the results for IS research and practitioners are discussed. KW - The Sharing Economy KW - airbnb KW - online photographs KW - self-disclosure KW - sharing economy KW - social attraction Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-0-9981331-3-3 SP - 831 EP - 840 PB - HICSS Conference Office University of Hawaii at Manoa CY - Honolulu ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofman, Maarten P. G. A1 - Hayward, M. W. A1 - Heim, M. A1 - Marchand, P. A1 - Rolandsen, C. M. A1 - Mattisson, Jenny A1 - Urbano, F. A1 - Heurich, M. A1 - Mysterud, A. A1 - Melzheimer, J. A1 - Morellet, N. A1 - Voigt, Ulrich A1 - Allen, B. L. A1 - Gehr, Benedikt A1 - Rouco Zufiaurre, Carlos A1 - Ullmann, Wiebke A1 - Holand, O. A1 - Jorgensen, n H. A1 - Steinheim, G. A1 - Cagnacci, F. A1 - Kroeschel, M. A1 - Kaczensky, P. A1 - Buuveibaatar, B. A1 - Payne, J. C. A1 - Palmegiani, I A1 - Jerina, K. A1 - Kjellander, P. A1 - Johansson, O. A1 - LaPoint, S. A1 - Bayrakcismith, R. A1 - Linnell, J. D. C. A1 - Zaccaroni, M. A1 - Jorge, M. L. S. A1 - Oshima, J. E. F. A1 - Songhurst, A. A1 - Fischer, C. A1 - Mc Bride, R. T. A1 - Thompson, J. J. A1 - Streif, S. A1 - Sandfort, R. A1 - Bonenfant, Christophe A1 - Drouilly, M. A1 - Klapproth, M. A1 - Zinner, Dietmar A1 - Yarnell, Richard A1 - Stronza, A. A1 - Wilmott, L. A1 - Meisingset, E. A1 - Thaker, Maria A1 - Vanak, A. T. A1 - Nicoloso, S. A1 - Graeber, R. A1 - Said, S. A1 - Boudreau, M. R. A1 - Devlin, A. A1 - Hoogesteijn, R. A1 - May-Junior, J. A. A1 - Nifong, J. C. A1 - Odden, J. A1 - Quigley, H. B. A1 - Tortato, F. A1 - Parker, D. M. A1 - Caso, A. A1 - Perrine, J. A1 - Tellaeche, C. A1 - Zieba, F. A1 - Zwijacz-Kozica, T. A1 - Appel, C. L. A1 - Axsom, I A1 - Bean, W. T. A1 - Cristescu, B. A1 - Periquet, S. A1 - Teichman, K. J. A1 - Karpanty, S. A1 - Licoppe, A. A1 - Menges, V A1 - Black, K. A1 - Scheppers, Thomas L. A1 - Schai-Braun, S. C. A1 - Azevedo, F. C. A1 - Lemos, F. G. A1 - Payne, A. A1 - Swanepoel, L. H. A1 - Weckworth, B. A1 - Berger, A. A1 - Bertassoni, Alessandra A1 - McCulloch, G. A1 - Sustr, P. A1 - Athreya, V A1 - Bockmuhl, D. A1 - Casaer, J. A1 - Ekori, A. A1 - Melovski, D. A1 - Richard-Hansen, C. A1 - van de Vyver, D. A1 - Reyna-Hurtado, R. A1 - Robardet, E. A1 - Selva, N. A1 - Sergiel, A. A1 - Farhadinia, M. S. A1 - Sunde, P. A1 - Portas, R. A1 - Ambarli, Hüseyin A1 - Berzins, R. A1 - Kappeler, P. M. A1 - Mann, G. K. A1 - Pyritz, L. A1 - Bissett, C. A1 - Grant, T. A1 - Steinmetz, R. A1 - Swedell, Larissa A1 - Welch, R. J. A1 - Armenteras, D. A1 - Bidder, O. R. A1 - Gonzalez, T. M. A1 - Rosenblatt, A. A1 - Kachel, S. A1 - Balkenhol, N. T1 - Right on track? BT - Performance of satellite telemetry in terrestrial wildlife research JF - PLoS one N2 - Satellite telemetry is an increasingly utilized technology in wildlife research, and current devices can track individual animal movements at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. However, as we enter the golden age of satellite telemetry, we need an in-depth understanding of the main technological, species-specific and environmental factors that determine the success and failure of satellite tracking devices across species and habitats. Here, we assess the relative influence of such factors on the ability of satellite telemetry units to provide the expected amount and quality of data by analyzing data from over 3,000 devices deployed on 62 terrestrial species in 167 projects worldwide. We evaluate the success rate in obtaining GPS fixes as well as in transferring these fixes to the user and we evaluate failure rates. Average fix success and data transfer rates were high and were generally better predicted by species and unit characteristics, while environmental characteristics influenced the variability of performance. However, 48% of the unit deployments ended prematurely, half of them due to technical failure. Nonetheless, this study shows that the performance of satellite telemetry applications has shown improvements over time, and based on our findings, we provide further recommendations for both users and manufacturers. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216223 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 14 IS - 5 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stiegler, Jonas A1 - Lins, Alisa A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie A1 - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie A1 - Ortmann, Sylvia A1 - Blaum, Niels T1 - Personality drives activity and space use in a mammalian herbivore JF - Movement Ecology N2 - Background Animal personality has emerged as a key concept in behavioral ecology. While many studies have demonstrated the influence of personality traits on behavioral patterns, its quantification, especially in wild animal populations, remains a challenge. Only a few studies have established a link between personality and recurring movements within home ranges, although these small-scale movements are of key importance for identifying ecological interactions and forming individual niches. In this regard, differences in space use among individuals might reflect different exploration styles between behavioral types along the shy-bold continuum. Methods We assessed among-individual differences in behavior in the European hare (Lepus europaeus), a characteristic mammalian herbivore in agricultural landscapes using a standardized box emergence test for captive and wild hares. We determined an individuals’ degree of boldness by measuring the latencies of behavioral responses in repeated emergence tests in captivity. During capture events of wild hares, we conducted a single emergence test and recorded behavioral responses proven to be stable over time in captive hares. Applying repeated novel environment tests in a near-natural enclosure, we further quantified aspects of exploration and activity in captive hares. Finally, we investigated whether and how this among-individual behavioral variation is related to general activity and space use in a wild hare population. Wild and captive hares were treated similarly and GPS-collared with internal accelerometers prior to release to the wild or the outdoor enclosure, respectively. General activity was quantified as overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) obtained from accelerometers. Finally, we tested whether boldness explained variation in (i) ODBA in both settings and (ii) variation in home ranges and core areas across different time scales of GPS-collared hares in a wild population. Results We found three behavioral responses to be consistent over time in captive hares. ODBA was positively related to boldness (i.e., short latencies to make first contact with the new environment) in both captive and wild hares. Space use in wild hares also varied with boldness, with shy individuals having smaller core areas and larger home ranges than bold conspecifics (yet in some of the parameter space, this association was just marginally significant). Conclusions Against our prediction, shy individuals occupied relatively large home ranges but with small core areas. We suggest that this space use pattern is due to them avoiding risky, and energy-demanding competition for valuable resources. Carefully validated, activity measurements (ODBA) from accelerometers provide a valuable tool to quantify aspects of animal personality along the shy-bold continuum remotely. Without directly observing—and possibly disturbing—focal individuals, this approach allows measuring variability in animal personality, especially in species that are difficult to assess with experiments. Considering that accelerometers are often already built into GPS units, we recommend activating them at least during the initial days of tracking to estimate individual variation in general activity and, if possible, match them with a simple novelty experiment. Furthermore, information on individual behavioral types will help to facilitate mechanistic understanding of processes that drive spatial and ecological dynamics in heterogeneous landscapes. KW - Animal personality KW - Movement ecology KW - Inter-individual differences KW - ODBA KW - Energy expenditure KW - European hare Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-022-00333-6 SN - 2051-3933 VL - 10 PB - BioMed Central (BMC), Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Risch, Lucie A1 - Stoll, Josefine A1 - Schomöller, Anne A1 - Engel, Tilman A1 - Mayer, Frank A1 - Cassel, Michael T1 - Intraindividual Doppler Flow Response to Exercise Differs Between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Achilles Tendons JF - Frontiers in physiology N2 - Objective: This study investigated intraindividual differences of intratendinous blood flow (IBF) in response to running exercise in participants with Achilles tendinopathy. Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Setting: The study was conducted at the University Outpatient Clinic. Participants: Sonographic detectable intratendinous blood flow was examined in symptomatic and contralateral asymptomatic Achilles tendons of 19 participants (42 ± 13 years, 178 ± 10 cm, 76 ± 12 kg, VISA-A 75 ± 16) with clinically diagnosed unilateral Achilles tendinopathy and sonographic evident tendinosis. Intervention: IBF was assessed using Doppler ultrasound “Advanced Dynamic Flow” before (Upre) and 5, 30, 60, and 120 min (U5–U120) after a standardized submaximal constant load run. Main Outcome Measure: IBF was quantified by counting the number (n) of vessels in each tendon. Results: At Upre, IBF was higher in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic tendons [mean 6.3 (95% CI: 2.8–9.9) and 1.7 (0.4–2.9), p < 0.01]. Overall, 63% of symptomatic and 47% of asymptomatic Achilles tendons responded to exercise, whereas 16 and 11% showed persisting IBF and 21 and 42% remained avascular throughout the investigation. At U5, IBF increased in both symptomatic and asymptomatic tendons [difference to baseline: 2.4 (0.3–4.5) and 0.9 (0.5–1.4), p = 0.05]. At U30 to U120, IBF was still increased in symptomatic but not in asymptomatic tendons [mean difference to baseline: 1.9 (0.8–2.9) and 0.1 (-0.9 to 1.2), p < 0.01]. Conclusion: Irrespective of pathology, 47–63% of Achilles tendons responded to exercise with an immediate acute physiological IBF increase by an average of one to two vessels (“responders”). A higher amount of baseline IBF (approximately five vessels) and a prolonged exercise-induced IBF response found in symptomatic ATs indicate a pain-associated altered intratendinous “neovascularization.” KW - achilles tendinopathy KW - tendinosis KW - neovascularization KW - ultrasound KW - advanced dynamic flow KW - sonography Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.617497 SN - 1664-042X VL - 12 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krochmalnik, Daniel ED - Kollodzeiski, Ulrike ED - Hafner, Johann Evangelist T1 - Kaschrut BT - Die jüdische Speiseordnung JF - Du sollst nicht essen: Warum Menschen auf Nahrung verzichten – interdisziplinäre Zugänge Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-98740-007-0 SN - 978-3-98740-008-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783987400087 SP - 91 EP - 104 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Risch, Lucie A1 - Mayer, Frank A1 - Cassel, Michael T1 - Doppler flow response following running exercise differs between healthy and tendinopathic Achilles tendons JF - Frontiers in Physiology N2 - Background: The relationship between exercise-induced intratendinous blood flow (IBF) and tendon pathology or training exposure is unclear. Objective: This study investigates the acute effect of running exercise on sonographic detectable IBF in healthy and tendinopathic Achilles tendons (ATs) of runners and recreational participants. Methods: 48 participants (43 ± 13 years, 176 ± 9 cm, 75 ± 11 kg) performed a standardized submaximal 30-min constant load treadmill run with Doppler ultrasound “Advanced dynamic flow” examinations before (Upre) and 5, 30, 60, and 120 min (U5-U120) afterward. Included were runners (>30 km/week) and recreational participants (<10 km/week) with healthy (Hrun, n = 10; Hrec, n = 15) or tendinopathic (Trun, n = 13; Trec, n = 10) ATs. IBF was assessed by counting number [n] of intratendinous vessels. IBF data are presented descriptively (%, median [minimum to maximum range] for baseline-IBF and IBF-difference post-exercise). Statistical differences for group and time point IBF and IBF changes were analyzed with Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results: At baseline, IBF was detected in 40% (3 [1–6]) of Hrun, in 53% (4 [1–5]) of Hrec, in 85% (3 [1–25]) of Trun, and 70% (10 [2–30]) of Trec. At U5 IBF responded to exercise in 30% (3 [−1–9]) of Hrun, in 53% (4 [−2–6]) of Hrec, in 70% (4 [−10–10]) of Trun, and in 80% (5 [1–10]) of Trec. While IBF in 80% of healthy responding ATs returned to baseline at U30, IBF remained elevated until U120 in 60% of tendinopathic ATs. Within groups, IBF changes from Upre-U120 were significant for Hrec (p < 0.01), Trun (p = 0.05), and Trec (p < 0.01). Between groups, IBF changes in consecutive examinations were not significantly different (p > 0.05) but IBF-level was significantly higher at all measurement time points in tendinopathic versus healthy ATs (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Irrespective of training status and tendon pathology, running leads to an immediate increase of IBF in responding tendons. This increase occurs shortly in healthy and prolonged in tendinopathic ATs. Training exposure does not alter IBF occurrence, but IBF level is elevated in tendon pathology. While an immediate exercise-induced IBF increase is a physiological response, prolonged IBF is considered a pathological finding associated with Achilles tendinopathy. KW - neovascularization KW - tendinopathy KW - Doppler ultrasound KW - Advanced Dynamic Flow KW - athlete KW - sonography Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.650507 SN - 1664-042X VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Szatmari, Istvan A1 - Belasri, Khadija A1 - Heydenreich, Matthias A1 - Koch, Andreas A1 - Kleinpeter, Erich A1 - Fulop, Ferenc T1 - Ortho-Quinone methide driven synthesis of new O,N- or N,N-Heterocycles JF - ChemistryOpen : including thesis treasury N2 - To synthesize functionalized Mannich bases that can serve two different types of ortho-quinone methide (o-QM) intermediates, 2-naphthol and 6-hydroxyquinoline were reacted with salicylic aldehyde in the presence of morpholine. The Mannich bases that can form o-QM and aza-o-QM were also synthesized by mixing 2-naphthol, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, and morpholine followed by reduction of the nitro group. The highly functionalized aminonaphthol derivatives were then tested in [4+2] cycloaddition with different cyclic imines. The reaction proved to be both regio- and diastereoselective. In all cases, only one reaction product was obtained. Detailed structural analyses of the new polyheterocycles as well as conformational studies including DFT modelling were performed. The relative stability of o-QMs/aza-o-QM were also calculated, and the regioselectivity of the reactions could be explained only when the cycloaddition started from aminodiol 4. It was summarized that starting from diaminonaphthol 25, the regioselectivity of the reaction is driven by the higher nucleophilicity of the amino group compared with the hydroxy group. 12H-benzo[a]xanthen-12-one (11), formed via o-QM formation, was isolated as a side product. The proton NMR spectrum of 11 proved to be very unique from NMR point of view. The reason for the extreme low-field position of proton H-1 could be accounted for by theoretical calculation of structure and spatial magnetic properties of the compound in combination of ring current effects of the aromatic moieties and steric compression within the heavily hindered H(1)-C(1)-C(12b)-C(12a)-C(12)=O structural fragment. KW - ortho-quinone methide (o-QMs) KW - modified Mannich reaction KW - cycloaddition KW - NMR spectroscopy KW - conformational analysis KW - DFT calculations Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/open.201900150 SN - 2191-1363 VL - 8 IS - 7 SP - 961 EP - 971 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mayer, Martin A1 - Ullmann, Wiebke A1 - Sunde, Peter A1 - Fischer, Christina A1 - Blaum, Niels T1 - Habitat selection by the European hare in arable landscapes BT - The importance of small-scale habitat structure for conservation JF - Ecology and Evolution N2 - Agricultural land-use practices have intensified over the last decades, leading to population declines of various farmland species, including the European hare (Lepus europaeus). In many European countries, arable fields dominate agricultural landscapes. Compared to pastures, arable land is highly variable, resulting in a large spatial variation of food and cover for wildlife over the course of the year, which potentially affects habitat selection by hares. Here, we investigated within-home-range habitat selection by hares in arable areas in Denmark and Germany to identify habitat requirements for their conservation. We hypothesized that hare habitat selection would depend on local habitat structure, that is, vegetation height, but also on agricultural field size, vegetation type, and proximity to field edges. Active hares generally selected for short vegetation (1-25 cm) and avoided higher vegetation and bare ground, especially when fields were comparatively larger. Vegetation >50 cm potentially restricts hares from entering parts of their home range and does not provide good forage, the latter also being the case on bare ground. The vegetation type was important for habitat selection by inactive hares, with fabaceae, fallow, and maize being selected for, potentially providing both cover and forage. Our results indicate that patches of shorter vegetation could improve the forage quality and habitat accessibility for hares, especially in areas with large monocultures. Thus, policymakers should aim to increase areas with short vegetation throughout the year. Further, permanent set-asides, like fallow and wildflower areas, would provide year-round cover for inactive hares. Finally, the reduction in field sizes would increase the density of field margins, and farming different crop types within small areas could improve the habitat for hares and other farmland species. KW - agriculture KW - arable land KW - conservation KW - GPS KW - habitat selection KW - Lepus europaeus KW - vegetation height Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4613 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 8 IS - 23 SP - 11619 EP - 11633 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lin, Chiao-I A1 - Khajooei, Mina A1 - Engel, Tilman A1 - Nair, Alexandra A1 - Heikkila, Mika A1 - Kaplick, Hannes A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - The effect of chronic ankle instability on muscle activations in lower extremities JF - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science N2 - Background/Purpose Muscular reflex responses of the lower extremities to sudden gait disturbances are related to postural stability and injury risk. Chronic ankle instability (CAI) has shown to affect activities related to the distal leg muscles while walking. Its effects on proximal muscle activities of the leg, both for the injured- (IN) and uninjured-side (NON), remain unclear. Therefore, the aim was to compare the difference of the motor control strategy in ipsilateral and contralateral proximal joints while unperturbed walking and perturbed walking between individuals with CAI and matched controls. Materials and methods In a cross-sectional study, 13 participants with unilateral CAI and 13 controls (CON) walked on a split-belt treadmill with and without random left- and right-sided perturbations. EMG amplitudes of muscles at lower extremities were analyzed 200 ms after perturbations, 200 ms before, and 100 ms after (Post100) heel contact while walking. Onset latencies were analyzed at heel contacts and after perturbations. Statistical significance was set at alpha≤0.05 and 95% confidence intervals were applied to determine group differences. Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated to evaluate the extent of differences. Results Participants with CAI showed increased EMG amplitudes for NON-rectus abdominus at Post100 and shorter latencies for IN-gluteus maximus after heel contact compared to CON (p<0.05). Overall, leg muscles (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gluteus medius) activated earlier and less bilaterally (d = 0.30–0.88) and trunk muscles (bilateral rectus abdominus and NON-erector spinae) activated earlier and more for the CAI group than CON group (d = 0.33–1.09). Conclusion Unilateral CAI alters the pattern of the motor control strategy around proximal joints bilaterally. Neuromuscular training for the muscles, which alters motor control strategy because of CAI, could be taken into consideration when planning rehabilitation for CAI. KW - Ankles KW - Walking KW - Electromyography KW - Hip KW - Skeletal joints KW - Knees KW - Legs KW - Musculoskeletal injury Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247581 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 16 IS - 2 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Noonan, Michael J. A1 - Fleming, Christen H. A1 - Tucker, Marlee A. A1 - Kays, Roland A1 - Harrison, Autumn-Lynn A1 - Crofoot, Margaret C. A1 - Abrahms, Briana A1 - Alberts, Susan C. A1 - Ali, Abdullahi H. A1 - Blaum, Niels T1 - Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements JF - Conservation Biology N2 - Accurately quantifying species' area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area-based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home-range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of underestimation varies with body mass, a relationship that could have serious conservation implications. To evaluate this hypothesis for terrestrial mammals, we estimated home-range areas with global positioning system (GPS) locations from 757 individuals across 61 globally distributed mammalian species with body masses ranging from 0.4 to 4000 kg. We then applied block cross-validation to quantify bias in empirical home-range estimates. Area requirements of mammals <10 kg were underestimated by a mean approximately15%, and species weighing approximately100 kg were underestimated by approximately50% on average. Thus, we found area estimation was subject to autocorrelation-induced bias that was worse for large species. Combined with the fact that extinction risk increases as body mass increases, the allometric scaling of bias we observed suggests the most threatened species are also likely to be those with the least accurate home-range estimates. As a correction, we tested whether data thinning or autocorrelation-informed home-range estimation minimized the scaling effect of autocorrelation on area estimates. Data thinning required an approximately93% data loss to achieve statistical independence with 95% confidence and was, therefore, not a viable solution. In contrast, autocorrelation-informed home-range estimation resulted in consistently accurate estimates irrespective of mass. When relating body mass to home range size, we detected that correcting for autocorrelation resulted in a scaling exponent significantly >1, meaning the scaling of the relationship changed substantially at the upper end of the mass spectrum. KW - allometry KW - animal movement KW - area-based conservation KW - autocorrelation KW - home range KW - kernel density estimation KW - reserve design KW - scaling Y1 - 2019 VL - 34 IS - 4 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Busch, Aglaja A1 - Blasimann, Angela A1 - Mayer, Frank A1 - Baur, Heiner T1 - Alterations in sensorimotor function after ACL reconstruction during active joint position sense testing. A systematic review JF - PLOS ONE N2 - Background The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture can lead to impaired knee function. Reconstruction decreases the mechanical instability but might not have an impact on sensorimotor alterations. Objective Evaluation of the sensorimotor function measured with the active joint position sense (JPS) test in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructed patients compared to the contralateral side and a healthy control group. Methods The databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, Cochrane Library and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched from origin until April 2020. Studies published in English, German, French, Spanish or Italian language were included. Evaluation of the sensorimotor performance was restricted to the active joint position sense test in ACL reconstructed participants or healthy controls. The Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Study quality was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Data was descriptively synthesized. Results Ten studies were included after application of the selective criteria. Higher angular deviation, reaching significant difference (p < 0.001) in one study, was shown up to three months after surgery in the affected limb. Six months post-operative significantly less error (p < 0.01) was found in the reconstructed leg compared to the contralateral side and healthy controls. One or more years after ACL reconstruction significant differences were inconsistent along the studies. Conclusions Altered sensorimotor function was present after ACL reconstruction. Due to inconsistencies and small magnitudes, clinical relevance might be questionable. JPS testing can be performed in acute injured persons and prospective studies could enhance knowledge of sensorimotor function throughout the rehabilitative processes. KW - Body limbs KW - Knees KW - Sensory perception KW - Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction KW - Legs KW - Tendons KW - Surgical and invasive medical procedures KW - Systematic reviews Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253503 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 16 IS - 6 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hering, Robert A1 - Hauptfleisch, Morgan A1 - Jago, Mark A1 - Smith, Taylor A1 - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie A1 - Stiegler, Jonas A1 - Blaum, Niels T1 - Don't stop me now: Managed fence gaps could allow migratory ungulates to track dynamic resources and reduce fence related energy loss JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - In semi-arid environments characterized by erratic rainfall and scattered primary production, migratory movements are a key survival strategy of large herbivores to track resources over vast areas. Veterinary Cordon Fences (VCFs), intended to reduce wildlife-livestock disease transmission, fragment large parts of southern Africa and have limited the movements of large wild mammals for over 60 years. Consequently, wildlife-fence interactions are frequent and often result in perforations of the fence, mainly caused by elephants. Yet, we lack knowledge about at which times fences act as barriers, how fences directly alter the energy expenditure of native herbivores, and what the consequences of impermeability are. We studied 2-year ungulate movements in three common antelopes (springbok, kudu, eland) across a perforated part of Namibia's VCF separating a wildlife reserve and Etosha National Park using GPS telemetry, accelerometer measurements, and satellite imagery. We identified 2905 fence interaction events which we used to evaluate critical times of encounters and direct fence effects on energy expenditure. Using vegetation type-specific greenness dynamics, we quantified what animals gained in terms of high quality food resources from crossing the VCF. Our results show that the perforation of the VCF sustains herbivore-vegetation interactions in the savanna with its scattered resources. Fence permeability led to peaks in crossing numbers during the first flush of woody plants before the rain started. Kudu and eland often showed increased energy expenditure when crossing the fence. Energy expenditure was lowered during the frequent interactions of ungulates standing at the fence. We found no alteration of energy expenditure when springbok immediately found and crossed fence breaches. Our results indicate that constantly open gaps did not affect energy expenditure, while gaps with obstacles increased motion. Closing gaps may have confused ungulates and modified their intended movements. While browsing, sedentary kudu's use of space was less affected by the VCF; migratory, mixed-feeding springbok, and eland benefited from gaps by gaining forage quality and quantity after crossing. This highlights the importance of access to vast areas to allow ungulates to track vital vegetation patches. KW - veterinary cordon fence KW - ungulate KW - fence ecology KW - resource-tracking KW - energy expenditure KW - accelerometer KW - GPS KW - wildlife and habitat management Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.907079 SN - 2296-701X SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hering, Robert A1 - Hauptfleisch, Morgan A1 - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie A1 - Stiegler, Jonas A1 - Blaum, Niels T1 - Effects of fences and fence gaps on the movement behavior of three southern African antelope species JF - Frontiers in Conservation Science N2 - Globally, migratory ungulates are affected by fences. While field observational studies reveal the amount of animal–fence interactions across taxa, GPS tracking-based studies uncover fence effects on movement patterns and habitat selection. However, studies on the direct effects of fences and fence gaps on movement behavior, especially based on high-frequency tracking data, are scarce. We used GPS tracking on three common African antelopes (Tragelaphus strepsiceros, Antidorcas marsupialis, and T. oryx) with movement strategies ranging from range residency to nomadism in a semi-arid, Namibian savanna traversed by wildlife-proof fences that elephants have regularly breached. We classified major forms of ungulate–fence interaction types on a seasonal and a daily scale. Furthermore, we recorded the distances and times spent at fences regarding the total individual space use. Based on this, we analyzed the direct effects of fences and fence gaps on the animals’ movement behavior for the previously defined types of animal–fence interactions. Antelope-fence interactions peaked during the early hours of the day and during seasonal transitions when the limiting resource changed between water and forage. Major types of ungulate–fence interactions were quick, trace-like, or marked by halts. We found that the amount of time spent at fences was highest for nomadic eland. Migratory springbok adjusted their space use concerning fence gap positions. If the small home ranges of sedentary kudu included a fence, they frequently interacted with this fence. For springbok and eland, distance traveled along a fence declined with increasing utilization of a fence gap. All species reduced their speed in the proximity of a fence but often increased their speed when encountering the fence. Crossing a fence led to increased speeds for all species. We demonstrate that fence effects mainly occur during crucial foraging times (seasonal scale) and during times of directed movements (daily scale). Importantly, we provide evidence that fences directly alter antelope movement behaviors with negative implications for energy budgets and that persistent fence gaps can reduce the intensity of such alterations. Our findings help to guide future animal–fence studies and provide insights for wildlife fencing and fence gap planning. KW - fence ecology KW - veterinary cordon fence KW - ungulate KW - movement speed KW - fence interaction KW - GPS KW - Africa KW - wildlife conservation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2022.959423 SN - 2673-611X VL - 3 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER -