TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hartmann, Gregor
A1  - Goetzke, Gesa
A1  - Düsterer, Stefan
A1  - Feuer-Forson, Peter
A1  - Lever, Fabiano
A1  - Meier, David
A1  - Möller, Felix
A1  - Ramirez, Luis Vera
A1  - Gühr, Markus
A1  - Tiedtke, Kai
A1  - Viefhaus, Jens
A1  - Braune, Markus
T1  - Unsupervised real-world knowledge extraction via disentangled variational autoencoders for photon diagnostics
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - We present real-world data processing on measured electron time-of-flight data via neural networks. Specifically, the use of disentangled variational autoencoders on data from a diagnostic instrument for online wavelength monitoring at the free electron laser FLASH in Hamburg. Without a-priori knowledge the network is able to find representations of single-shot FEL spectra, which have a low signal-to-noise ratio. This reveals, in a directly human-interpretable way, crucial information about the photon properties. The central photon energy and the intensity as well as very detector-specific features are identified. The network is also capable of data cleaning, i.e. denoising, as well as the removal of artefacts. In the reconstruction, this allows for identification of signatures with very low intensity which are hardly recognisable in the raw data. In this particular case, the network enhances the quality of the diagnostic analysis at FLASH. However, this unsupervised method also has the potential to improve the analysis of other similar types of spectroscopy data.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25249-4
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Holl, Anna K.
A1  - Trommler, Denny
A1  - Schmitt, Manfred J.
T1  - Responses toward injustice shaped by justice sensitivity - evidence from Germany
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Anger, indignation, guilt, rumination, victim compensation, and perpetrator punishment are considered primary responses associated with justice sensitivity (JS). 
However, injustice and high JS may predispose to further responses. 
We had N = 293 adults rate their JS, 17 potential responses toward 12 unjust scenarios from the victim's, observer's, beneficiary's, and perpetrator's perspectives, and several control variables. 
Unjust situations generally elicited many affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses. JS generally predisposed to strong affective responses toward injustice, including sadness, pity, disappointment, and helplessness. It impaired trivialization, victim-blaming, or justification, which may otherwise help cope with injustice. 
It predisposed to conflict solutions and victim compensation. Particularly victim and beneficiary JS had stronger effects in unjust situations from the corresponding perspective. 
These findings add to a better understanding of the main and interaction effects of unjust situations from different perspectives and the JS facets, differences between the JS facets, as well as the links between JS and behavior and well-being.
KW  - justice sensitivity
KW  - anger
KW  - sadness
KW  - helplessness
KW  - social withdrawal
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.858291
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dordevic, Milos
A1  - Maile, Olga
A1  - Das, Anustup
A1  - Kundu, Sumit
A1  - Haun, Carolin
A1  - Baier, Bernhard
A1  - Müller, Notger Germar
T1  - A comparison of immersive vs. non-immersive virtual reality exercises for the upper limb
BT  - a functional near-infrared spectroscopy pilot study with healthy participants
JF  - Journal of Clinical Medicine : open access journal
N2  - Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) allows for a reliable assessment of oxygenated blood flow in relevant brain regions. Recent advancements in immersive virtual reality (VR)-based technology have generated many new possibilities for its application, such as in stroke rehabilitation. In this study, we asked whether there is a difference in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) within brain motor areas during hand/arm movements between immersive and non-immersive VR settings. Ten healthy young participants (24.3 ± 3.7, three females) were tested using a specially developed VR paradigm, called “bus riding”, whereby participants used their hand to steer a moving bus. Both immersive and non-immersive conditions stimulated brain regions controlling hand movements, namely motor cortex, but no significant differences in HbO2 could be found between the two conditions in any of the relevant brain regions. These results are to be interpreted with caution, as only ten participants were included in the study.
KW  - virtual reality
KW  - fNIRS
KW  - upper limb
KW  - immersive
KW  - hemoglobin
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185781
SN  - 2077-0383
VL  - 12
IS  - 18
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rezaei, Leila
A1  - Timmerman, Martin Jan
A1  - Moazzen, Mohssen
A1  - Altenberger, Uwe
A1  - Sláma, Jiří
A1  - Sudo, Masafumi
A1  - Günter, Christina
A1  - Wilke, Franziska Daniela Helena
A1  - Schleicher, Anja M.
T1  - Mid-cretaceous extensional magmatism in the Alborz Mountains, north Iran
BT  - geochemistry and geochronology of Gasht-Masuleh gabbros
JF  - Swiss journal of geosciences
N2  - In the Gasht-Masuleh area in the Alborz Mountains, gabbroic magma intruded Palaeozoic metasediments and Mesozoic sediments and crystallised as isotropic and cumulate gabbros. LREE enrichment points to relatively low degrees of mantle melting and depletion of Ti, Nb and Ta relative to primitive mantle points to an arc related component in the magma. Clinopyroxene compositions indicate MORB to arc signatures. U–Pb zircon crystallisation ages of 99.5 ± 0.6 Ma and 99.4 ± 0.6 Ma and phlogopite 40Ar/39Ar ages of 97.1 ± 0.4 Ma, 97.5 ± 0.4 Ma, 97.1 ± 0.1 Ma, within 2σ error, indicate that gabbro intrusion occurred in the (Albian-)Cenomanian (mid-Cretaceous). As active subduction did not take place in the Cretaceous in North Iran, the small volume mafic magmatism in the Gasht-Masuleh area must be due to local, extension-related mantle melting. Melting was most likely caused by far field effects triggered by roll-back of the Neo-Tethys subducting slab. As subduction took place at a distance of ~ 400 km (present distance) from the Alborz Mountains, the observed arc geochemical signatures must be inherited from a previous subduction event and concomitant mantle metasomatism, possibly in combination with contamination of the magma by crustal material.
KW  - gabbro
KW  - mid-cretaceous
KW  - extension
KW  - Gasht-Masuleh
KW  - Alborz Mountains
KW  - North Iran
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s00015-023-00443-2
SN  - 1661-8734
SN  - 1661-8726
VL  - 116
PB  - Birkhäuser
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Haltaufderheide, Joschka
A1  - Lucht, Annika
A1  - Strünck, Christoph
A1  - Vollmann, Jochen
T1  - Increasing efficiency and well-being?
BT  - a systematic review of the empirical claims of the double-benefit argument in socially assistive devices
JF  - BMC medical ethics
N2  - Background:    Socially assistive devices (care robots, companions, smart screen assistants) have been advocated as a promising tool in elderly care in Western healthcare systems. Ethical debates indicate various challenges. One of the most prevalent arguments in the debate is the double-benefit argument claiming that socially assistive devices may not only provide benefits for autonomy and well-being of their users but might also be more efficient than other caring practices and might help to mitigate scarce resources in healthcare. Against this background, we used a subset of comparative empirical studies from a comprehensive systematic review on effects and perceptions of human-machine interaction with socially assistive devices to gather and appraise all available evidence supporting this argument from the empirical side.
 
Methods:    Electronic databases and additional sources were queried using a comprehensive search strategy which generated 9851 records. Studies were screened independently by two authors. Methodological quality of studies was assessed. For 39 reports using a comparative study design, a narrative synthesis was performed.
 
Results:    The data shows positive evidential support to claim that some socially assistive devices (Paro) might be able to contribute to the well-being and autonomy of their users. However, results also indicate that these positive findings may be heavily dependent on the context of use and the population. In addition, we found evidence that socially assistive devices can have negative effects on certain populations. Evidence regarding the claim of efficiency is scarce. Existing results indicate that socially assistive devices can be more effective than standard of care but are far less effective than plush toys or placebo devices.
 
Discussion:    We suggest using the double-benefit argument with great caution as it is not supported by the currently available evidence. The occurrence of potentially negative effects of socially assistive devices requires more research and indicates a more complex ethical calculus than suggested by the double-benefit argument.
KW  - health care technology
KW  - health services for the aged
KW  - medical ethics
KW  - systematic review
KW  - socially assistive devices
KW  - care robots
KW  - autonomy
KW  - well-being
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-023-00984-z
SN  - 1472-6939
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schödl, Isabel
A1  - Odemer, Richard
A1  - Becher, Matthias A.
A1  - Berg, Stefan
A1  - Otten, Christoph
A1  - Grimm, Volker
A1  - Groeneveld, Jürgen
T1  - Simulation of Varroa mite control in honey bee colonies without synthetic acaricides: demonstration of Good Beekeeping Practice for Germany in the BEEHAVE model
JF  - Ecology and evolution
N2  - The BEEHAVE model simulates the population dynamics and foraging activity of a single honey bee colony (Apis mellifera) in great detail. Although it still makes numerous simplifying assumptions, it appears to capture a wide range of empirical observations. 
It could, therefore, in principle, also be used as a tool in beekeeper education, as it allows the implementation and comparison of different management options. 
Here, we focus on treatments aimed at controlling the mite Varroa destructor. However, since BEEHAVE was developed in the UK, mite treatment includes the use of a synthetic acaricide, which is not part of Good Beekeeping Practice in Germany. 
A practice that consists of drone brood removal from April to June, treatment with formic acid in August/September, and treatment with oxalic acid in November/December. We implemented these measures, focusing on the timing, frequency, and spacing between drone brood removals. 
The effect of drone brood removal and acid treatment, individually or in combination, on a mite-infested colony was examined. We quantify the efficacy of Varroa mite control as the reduction of mites in treated bee colonies compared to untreated bee colonies. We found that drone brood removal was very effective, reducing mites by 90% at the end of the first simulation year after the introduction of mites. This value was significantly higher than the 50-67% reduction expected by bee experts and confirmed by empirical studies. 
However, literature reports varying percent reductions in mite numbers from 10 to 85% after drone brood removal. The discrepancy between model results, empirical data, and expert estimates indicate that these three sources should be reviewed and refined, as all are based on simplifying assumptions. 
These results and the adaptation of BEEHAVE to the Good Beekeeping Practice are a decisive step forward for the future use of BEEHAVE in beekeeper education in Germany and anywhere where organic acids and drone brood removal are utilized.
KW  - acaricides
KW  - BEEHAVE
KW  - beekeeping
KW  - drones
KW  - education
KW  - honey bees
KW  - modelling
KW  - pest control
KW  - Varroa mite
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9456
SN  - 2045-7758
VL  - 12
IS  - 11
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dreymann, Nico
A1  - Sabrowski, Wiebke
A1  - Danso, Jennifer
A1  - Menger, Marcus
T1  - Aptamer-based sandwich assay formats for detection and discrimination of human high- and low-molecular-weight uPA for cancer prognosis and diagnosis
JF  - Cancers / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
N2  - Simple Summary 
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (urokinase, uPA) is a widely discussed biomarker for cancer prognosis and diagnosis. The gold standard for the determination of protein biomarkers in physiological samples is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Here, antibodies are used to detect the specific protein. 
In our study, recently published urokinase aptamers were tested for their use in a sandwich assay format as alternative specific recognition elements. Different aptamer combinations were used for the detection of uPA in a sandwich-assay format and a combination of aptamers and antibodies additionally allowed the differentiation of human high and low molecular weight- (HMW- and LMW-) uPA. Hence, uPA aptamers offer a valuable alternative as specific recognition elements for analytical purposes. Since aptamers are easy to synthesize and modify, they can be used as a cost-effective alternative in sandwich assay formats for the detection of uPA in physiological samples.
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (urokinase, uPA) is a frequently discussed biomarker for prognosis, diagnosis, and recurrence of cancer. 
In a previous study, we developed ssDNA aptamers that bind to different forms of human urokinase, which are therefore assumed to have different binding regions. 
In this study, we demonstrate the development of aptamer-based sandwich assays that use different combinations of these aptamers to detect high molecular weight- (HMW-) uPA in a micro titer plate format. 
By combining aptamers and antibodies, it was possible to distinguish between HMW-uPA and low molecular weight- (LMW-) uPA. 
For the best performing aptamer combination, we calculated the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) in spiked buffer and urine samples with an LOD up to 50 ng/mL and 138 ng/mL, respectively. 
To show the specificity and sequence dependence of the reporter aptamer uPAapt-02-FR, we have identified key nucleotides within the sequence that are important for specific folding and binding to uPA using a fluorescent dye-linked aptamer assay (FLAA). Since uPA is a much-discussed marker for prognosis and diagnosis in various types of cancers, these aptamers and their use in a micro titer plate assay format represent a novel, promising tool for the detection of uPA and for possible diagnostic applications.
KW  - ALISA
KW  - aptamer
KW  - biomarker
KW  - cancer prognosis
KW  - early stage cancer detection
KW  - ELONA
KW  - sandwich assay
KW  - uPA
KW  - urokinase
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14215222
SN  - 2072-6694
VL  - 14
IS  - 21
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krämer, Kai Hauke
A1  - Hellmann, Frank
A1  - Anvari, Mehrnaz
A1  - Kurths, Jürgen
A1  - Marwan, Norbert
T1  - Spike spectra for recurrences
JF  - Entropy : an international and interdisciplinary journal of entropy and information studies
N2  - In recurrence analysis, the tau-recurrence rate encodes the periods of the cycles of the underlying high-dimensional time series. It, thus, plays a similar role to the autocorrelation for scalar time-series in encoding temporal correlations. 
However, its Fourier decomposition does not have a clean interpretation. Thus, there is no satisfactory analogue to the power spectrum in recurrence analysis. 
We introduce a novel method to decompose the tau-recurrence rate using an over-complete basis of Dirac combs together with sparsity regularization. 
We show that this decomposition, the inter-spike spectrum, naturally provides an analogue to the power spectrum for recurrence analysis in the sense that it reveals the dominant periodicities of the underlying time series. 
We show that the inter-spike spectrum correctly identifies patterns and transitions in the underlying system in a wide variety of examples and is robust to measurement noise.
KW  - decomposition
KW  - frequency analysis
KW  - recurrence analysis
KW  - bifurcations
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/e24111689
SN  - 1099-4300
VL  - 24
IS  - 11
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mardoukhi, Yousof
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Spurious ergodicity breaking in normal and fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process
JF  - New Journal of Physics
N2  - The Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process is a stationary and ergodic Gaussian process, that is fully determined by its covariance function and mean. We show here that the generic definitions of the ensemble- and time-averaged mean squared displacements fail to capture these properties consistently, leading to a spurious ergodicity breaking. We propose to remedy this failure by redefining the mean squared displacements such that they reflect unambiguously the statistical properties of any stochastic process. In particular we study the effect of the initial condition in the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process and its fractional extension. For the fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process representing typical experimental situations in crowded environments such as living biological cells, we show that the stationarity of the process delicately depends on the initial condition.
KW  - Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process
KW  - stationary stochastic process
KW  - ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacement
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ab950b
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 22
PB  - IOP
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kayhan, Ezgi
A1  - Matthes, Daniel
A1  - Marriott Haresign, Ira
A1  - Bánki, Anna
A1  - Michel, Christine
A1  - Langeloh, Miriam
A1  - Wass, Sam
A1  - Höhl, Stefanie
T1  - DEEP: A dual EEG pipeline for developmental hyperscanning studies
JF  - Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
N2  - Cutting-edge hyperscanning methods led to a paradigm shift in social neuroscience. It allowed researchers to measure dynamic mutual alignment of neural processes between two or more individuals in naturalistic contexts. The ever-growing interest in hyperscanning research calls for the development of transparent and validated data analysis methods to further advance the field. We have developed and tested a dual electroencephalography (EEG) analysis pipeline, namely DEEP. Following the preprocessing of the data, DEEP allows users to calculate Phase Locking Values (PLVs) and cross-frequency PLVs as indices of inter-brain phase alignment of dyads as well as time-frequency responses and EEG power for each participant. The pipeline also includes scripts to control for spurious correlations. Our goal is to contribute to open and reproducible science practices by making DEEP publicly available together with an example mother-infant EEG hyperscanning dataset.
KW  - Developmental hyperscanning
KW  - Dual EEG analysis
KW  - Adult-child interaction
KW  - Phase Locking Value
KW  - PLV
KW  - Cross-frequency PLV
KW  - FieldTrip
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101104
SN  - 1878-9307
VL  - 54
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam, Niederlande
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Apelt, Maja
A1  - Koch, Annika
A1  - Michalowski, Ines
A1  - Molzberger, Kaspar
A1  - Schenk, Liane
A1  - Schmidt, Max Oliver
T1  - How organisations regulate Muslim body practices
BT  - a comparison of schools, hospitals, and swimming pools
JF  - Comparative migration studies
N2  - In a comparison of three human service organisations in which the human body plays a key role, we examine how organisations regulate religious body practices. We concentrate on Muslim norms of dressing and undressing as a potential focal point of cultural and religious diversity. Inspired by Ray’s (2019) idea of racialized organizations, we assume that state-run organizations in Germany are characterized by a strong commitment to religious tolerance and non-discrimination but also marked by anti- Muslim sentiment prevalent among the German population. Our study looks for mechanism that explain how Human Service Organizations accommodate Muslim body practices. It draws on qualitative empirical data collected in state-run hospitals, schools and swimming pools in Germany. Our analyses show that the organizations draw on formal and informal rules at the organizational level to accommodate Islam. We identify five general organizational mechanisms that may hinder Muslim accommodation in human service organizations. In particular, we see a risk of decoupling between the expectation of religious tolerance and processes that lead to informal discrimination, driven mainly by the difficulty of controlling group dynamics among users.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-023-00355-y
SN  - 2214-594X
SN  - 2214-8590
VL  - 11
PB  - European Research Centre on Migration and Ethnic Relations
CY  - Utrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wilhelmi, Ilka
A1  - Grunwald, Stephan
A1  - Gimber, Niclas
A1  - Popp, Oliver
A1  - Dittmar, Gunnar
A1  - Arumughan, Anup
A1  - Wanker, Erich E.
A1  - Laeger, Thomas
A1  - Schmoranzer, Jan
A1  - Daumke, Oliver
A1  - Schürmann, Annette
T1  - The ARFRP1-dependent Golgi scaffolding protein GOPC is required for insulin secretion from pancreatic 13-cells
JF  - Molecular metabolism
N2  - Objective: Hormone secretion from metabolically active tissues, such as pancreatic islets, is governed by specific and highly regulated signaling pathways. Defects in insulin secretion are among the major causes of diabetes. The molecular mechanisms underlying regulated insulin secretion are, however, not yet completely understood. In this work, we studied the role of the GTPase ARFRP1 on insulin secretion from pancreatic 13-cells. <br /> Methods: A 13-cell-specific Arfrp1 knockout mouse was phenotypically characterized. Pulldown experiments and mass spectrometry analysis were employed to screen for new ARFRP1-interacting proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation assays as well as super-resolution microscopy were applied for validation. <br /> Results: The GTPase ARFRP1 interacts with the Golgi-associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif-containing protein (GOPC). Both proteins are co localized at the trans-Golgi network and regulate the first and second phase of insulin secretion by controlling the plasma membrane localization of the SNARE protein SNAP25. Downregulation of both GOPC and ARFRP1 in Min6 cells interferes with the plasma membrane localization of SNAP25 and enhances its degradation, thereby impairing glucose-stimulated insulin release from 13-cells. In turn, overexpression of SNAP25 as well as GOPC restores insulin secretion in islets from 13-cell-specific Arfrp1 knockout mice. <br /> Conclusion: Our results identify a hitherto unrecognized pathway required for insulin secretion at the level of trans-Golgi sorting. (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
KW  - Insulin secretion
KW  - Endosomal sorting
KW  - SNARE proteins
KW  - trans-Golgi
KW  - network
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101151
SN  - 2212-8778
VL  - 45
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kobs, Scarlett
A1  - Ehlert, Antje
A1  - Lenkeit, Jenny
A1  - Hartmann, Anne Therese
A1  - Sporer, Nadine
A1  - Knigge, Michel
T1  - The influence of individual and situational factors on teachers' justice ratings of classroom interactions
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Teachers, as role models, are crucial in promoting inclusion in society through their actions. Being perceived as fair by their students is linked to students' feelings of belonging in school. In addition, their decisions of resource allocations also affect students' academic success. Both aspects underpin the importance of teachers' views on justice. This article aims to investigate what teachers consider to be just and how teacher characteristics and situational factors affect justice ratings of hypothetical student-teacher-interactions. In an experimental design, we randomly varied the description of the interacting student in text vignettes regarding his/her special educational need (SEN) (situational factor). We also collected data on teachers' attitudes toward inclusion and experiences with persons with disabilities (individual factors). A sample of in-service teachers in Germany (N = 2,254) rated randomized versions of two text vignettes. To also consider the effect of professional status, a sample of pre-service teachers (N = 275) did the same. Linear mixed effect models point to a negative effect of the SEN on justice ratings, meaning situations in which the interacting student is described with a SEN were rated less just compared to the control condition. As the interacting student in the situations was treated worse than the rest, this was indicative for the application of the need principle. Teachers with more positive attitudes toward inclusion rated the vignettes as significantly less just. Professional status also had a negative effect on justice ratings, with in-service teachers rating the interactions significantly lower than the pre-service teachers. Our results suggest that the teachers applied the principle of need in their ratings. Implications for inclusive teaching practices and future research are discussed further.
KW  - classroom interactions
KW  - justice
KW  - special educational need
KW  - ratings
KW  - inclusion
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.789110
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Peppler, Lisa
A1  - Feißt, Martin
A1  - Schneider, Anna
A1  - Apelt, Maja
A1  - Schenk, Liane
T1  - Beyond one-sided expectations of integration
BT  - rethinking international nurse migration to Germany
T2  - European journal of public health
N2  - Background: 
Like most countries, Germany is currently recruiting international nurses due to staff shortages. While these are mostly academic, the academisation of nursing in Germany has only just begun. This allows for a broader look at the participation of migrant nurses: How do care teams deal with the fact that immigrant colleagues are theoretically more highly qualified than long-established colleagues?

Methods: 
Case studies were conducted in four inpatient care teams of two hospitals in 2022. Qualitative data include 26 observation protocols, 4 group discussions and 17 guided interviews. These were analysed using the documentary method and validated intersubjectively.

Results: 
Due to current academisation efforts in Germany and the immigration of academised nursing staff from abroad, the areas of activity and responsibility of nursing in Germany are under negotiating pressure. This concerns basic care for example, which in Germany is provided by skilled workers, but in other countries is mostly provided by assistants or relatives. The question of who should provide basic care, whether all nurses or only nursing assistants, documents the struggle between an established and a new understanding of care. In this context, the knowledge and skills of migrant and academicised care workers become a crucial aspect in the struggle for a new professional identity for care in Germany.

Conclusions: 
The specific situation in Germany makes it possible to show the potential for change that international care migration can constitute for destination countries. The far-reaching process of change of German nursing is given a further dimension not only by its academization, but by the immigration of international and academically trained nursing staff, where inclusive or exclusive effects can already be observed.
Key messages: The increasing proportion of migrant nurses accelerates the current discussion on nursing in Germany. Conflict areas show up in everyday work of care teams and must be addressed there.
KW  - emigration and immigration
KW  - Germany
KW  - inpatients
KW  - negotiating
KW  - nurses
KW  - nursing staff
KW  - immigrants
KW  - professional identity
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckad160.1484
SN  - 1101-1262
SN  - 1464-360X
VL  - 33
IS  - Supplement 2
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Montero, Marina Martínez
A1  - Crucifix, Michel
A1  - Couplet, Victor
A1  - Brede, Nuria
A1  - Botta, Nicola
T1  - SURFER v2.0: a flexible and simple model linking anthropogenic CO2 emissions and solar radiation modification to ocean acidification and sea level rise
JF  - Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - We present SURFER, a novel reduced model for estimating the impact of CO2 emissions and solar radiation modification options on sea level rise and ocean acidification over timescales of several thousands of years. 
SURFER has been designed for the analysis of CO2 emission and solar radiation modification policies, for supporting the computation of optimal (CO2 emission and solar radiation modification) policies and for the study of commitment and responsibility under uncertainty. 
The model is based on a combination of conservation laws for the masses of atmospheric and oceanic carbon and for the oceanic temperature anomalies, and of adhoc parameterisations for the different sea level rise contributors: ice sheets, glaciers and ocean thermal expansion. It consists of 9 loosely coupled ordinary differential equations, is understandable, fast and easy to modify and calibrate. 
It reproduces the results of more sophisticated, high-dimensional earth system models on timescales up to millennia.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8059-2022
SN  - 1991-959X
SN  - 1991-9603
VL  - 15
IS  - 21
SP  - 8059
EP  - 8084
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Guillen, Rafael Arce
A1  - Lindgren, Finn
A1  - Muff, Stefanie
A1  - Glass, Thomas W.
A1  - Breed, Greg A.
A1  - Schlägel, Ulrike
T1  - Accounting for unobserved spatial variation in step selection analyses of animal movement via spatial random effects
JF  - Methods in ecology and evolution : MEE
N2  - Step selection analysis (SSA) is a common framework for understanding animal movement and resource selection using telemetry data. Such data are, however, inherently autocorrelated in space, a complication that could impact SSA‐based inference if left unaddressed. Accounting for spatial correlation is standard statistical practice when analysing spatial data, and its importance is increasingly recognized in ecological models (e.g. species distribution models). Nonetheless, no framework yet exists to account for such correlation when analysing animal movement using SSA.

Here, we extend the popular method integrated step selection analysis (iSSA) by including a Gaussian field (GF) in the linear predictor to account for spatial correlation. For this, we use the Bayesian framework R‐INLA and the stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE) technique.

We show through a simulation study that our method provides accurate fixed effects estimates, quantifies their uncertainty well and improves the predictions. In addition, we demonstrate the practical utility of our method by applying it to three wolverine (Gulo gulo) tracks.

Our method solves the problems of assuming spatially independent residuals in the SSA framework. In addition, it offers new possibilities for making long‐term predictions of habitat usage.
KW  - animal movement
KW  - habitat selection
KW  - inlabru
KW  - spatial statistics
KW  - step selection analysis
KW  - telemetry data
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14208
SN  - 2041-210X
VL  - 14
IS  - 10
SP  - 2639
EP  - 2653
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jiang, Feng
A1  - Song, Junwei
A1  - Bauer, Jonas
A1  - Gao, Linyu
A1  - Vallon, Magdalena
A1  - Gebhardt, Reiner
A1  - Leisner, Thomas
A1  - Norra, Stefan
A1  - Saathoff, Harald
T1  - Chromophores and chemical composition of brown carbon characterized at anurban kerbside by excitation-emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry
JF  - Atmospheric chemistry and physics
N2  - The optical properties, chemical composition, and potential chromophores of brown carbon (BrC) aerosol particles were studied during typical summertime and wintertime at a kerbside in downtown Karl-sruhe, a city in central Europe. 
The average absorption coefficient and mass absorption efficiency at 365 nm (Abs(365) and MAE(365)) of methanol-soluble BrC (MS-BrC) were lower in the summer period (1.6 +/- 0.5 Mm(-1), 0.5 +/- 0.2 m(2) g(-1)) than in the winter period (2.8 +/- 1.9 Mm(-1), 1.1 +/- 0.3 m(2) g(-1)). Using a parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis to identify chromophores, two different groups of highly oxygenated humic-like substances (HO-HULIS) dominated in summer and contributed 96 +/- 6 % of the total fluorescence intensity. 
In contrast, less-oxygenated HULIS (LO-HULIS) dominated the total fluorescence intensity in winter with 57 +/- 12 %, followed by HO-HULIS with 31 +/- 18 %. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of organic compounds detected in real time by an online aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) led to five characteristic organic compound classes. 
The statistical analysis of PARAFAC components and PMF factors showed that LO-HULIS chromophores were most likely emitted from biomass burning in winter. HO-HULIS chromophores could be low-volatility oxy-genated organic aerosol from regional transport and oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in summer. 

Five nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) were identified by a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (C7H7O3N, C7H7O4N, C6H5O5N, C6H5O4N, and C6H5O3N), which contributed 0.03 +/- 0.01 % to the total organic mass but can explain 0.3 +/- 0.1 % of the total absorption of MS-BrC at 365 nm in winter. 
Furthermore, we identified 316 potential brown carbon molecules which accounted for 2.5 +/- 0.6 % of the organic aerosol mass. Using an average mass absorption efficiency (MAE(365)) of 9.5 m(2)g(-1) for these compounds, we can es-timate their mean light absorption to be 1.2 +/- 0.2 Mm(-1), accounting for 32 +/- 15 % of the total absorption of MS-BrC at 365 nm. 
This indicates that a small fraction of brown carbon molecules dominates the overall ab-sorption. The potential BrC molecules assigned to the LO-HULIS component had a higher average molecular weight (265 +/- 2 Da) and more nitrogen-containing molecules (62 +/- 1 %) than the molecules assigned to the HOHULIS components. 
Our analysis shows that the LO-HULIS, with a high contribution of nitrogen-containing molecules originating from biomass burning, dominates aerosol fluorescence in winter, and HO-HULIS, with fewer nitrogen-containing molecules as low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol from regional transport and oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC), dominates in summer.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14971-2022
SN  - 1680-7316
SN  - 1680-7324
VL  - 22
IS  - 22
SP  - 14971
EP  - 14986
PB  - EGU
CY  - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Otieno, Melvine Anyango
A1  - Moonga, Given
A1  - Nidens, Nathalie
A1  - Magero, Norah Vivian
A1  - Jung, Laura
T1  - Adapting to a changing environment: inspiration for planetary health from east African communities
T2  - The lancet. Planetary health
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00193-0
SN  - 2542-5196
VL  - 6
IS  - 10
SP  - E775
EP  - E776
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinen, Darlene
A1  - Heissel, Andreas
A1  - Heinzel, Stephan
A1  - Fydrich, Thomas
A1  - Ströhle, Andreas
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Vogel, Heike
T1  - Effect of acute and long-term exercise on leptin levels in depressed outpatients
JF  - BMC public health
N2  - Background
Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. Altered leptin levels are known to be associated with depressive symptoms, however discrepancies in the results of increased or decreased levels exist. Due to various limitations associated with commonly used antidepressant drugs, alternatives such as exercise therapy are gaining more importance. Therefore, the current study investigates whether depressed patients have higher leptin levels compared to healthy controls and if exercise is efficient to reduce these levels.
 
Methods
Leptin levels of 105 participants with major depressive disorder (MDD; 45.7% female, age mean ± SEM: 39.1 ± 1.0) and 34 healthy controls (HC; 61.8% female, age mean ± SEM: 36.0 ± 2.0) were measured before and after a bicycle ergometer test. Additionally, the MDD group was separated into three groups: two endurance exercise intervention groups (EX) differing in their intensities, and a waiting list control group (WL). Leptin levels were measured pre and post a 12-week exercise intervention or the waiting period.
 
Results
Baseline data showed no significant differences in leptin levels between the MDD and HC groups. As expected, correlation analyses displayed significant relations between leptin levels and body weight (HC: r = 0.474, p = 0.005; MDD: r = 0.198, p = 0.043) and even more with body fat content (HC: r = 0.755, p &lt; 0.001; MDD: r = 0.675, p &lt; 0.001). The acute effect of the bicycle ergometer test and the 12-week training intervention showed no significant changes in circulating leptin levels.
 
Conclusion
Leptin levels were not altered in patients with major depression compared to healthy controls and exercise, both the acute response and after 12 weeks of endurance training, had no effect on the change in leptin levels.
 
Trial registration
The study was registered at the German register for clinical studies (DRKS) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the World Health Organization https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=DRKS00008869 on 28/07/2015.
KW  - Depression
KW  - Leptin levels
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Body fat
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17362-4
SN  - 1471-2458
VL  - 23
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baritello, Omar
A1  - Stein, Hanna
A1  - Wolff, Lara Luisa
A1  - Hamann, Maria
A1  - Völler, Heinz
A1  - Salzwedel, Annett
T1  - Effect of multicomponent rehabilitation on independence and functioning in elderly patients with common age-associated diseases
BT  - protocol for a scoping review (REHOLD)
JF  - BMJ open
N2  - Introduction
Elderly patients after hospitalisation for acute events on account of age-related diseases (eg, joint or heart valve replacement surgery) are often characterised by a remarkably reduced functional health. Multicomponent rehabilitation (MR) is considered an appropriate approach to restore the functioning of these patients. However, its efficacy in improving functioning-related outcomes such as care dependency, activities of daily living (ADL), physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQL) remains unclarified. We outline the research framework of a scoping review designed to map the available evidence of the effects of MR on the independence and functional capacity of elderly patients hospitalised for age-related diseases in four main medical specialties beyond geriatrics.

Methods and analysis
The biomedical databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, ICTRP Search Platform, ClinicalTrials) and additionally Google Scholar will be systematically searched for studies comparing centre-based MR with usual care in patients ≥75 years of age, hospitalised for common acute events due to age-related diseases (eg, joint replacement, stroke) in one of the specialties of orthopaedics, oncology, cardiology or neurology. MR is defined as exercise training and at least one additional component (eg, nutritional counselling), starting within 3 months after hospital discharge. Randomised controlled trials as well as prospective and retrospective controlled cohort studies will be included from inception and without language restriction. Studies investigating patients &lt;75 years, other specialties (eg, geriatrics), rehabilitation definition or differently designed will be excluded. Care dependency after at least a 6-month follow-up is set as the primary outcome. Physical function, HRQL, ADL, rehospitalisation and mortality will be additionally considered. Data for each outcome will be summarised, stratified by specialty, study design and type of assessment. Furthermore, quality assessment of the included studies will be performed.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is not required. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and/or international congresses.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068722
SN  - 2044-6055
VL  - 13
IS  - 5
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gutzeit, Lilly Joan
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
T1  - Business and management research on the motion picture industry
BT  - a bibliometric analysis
JF  - Journalism and media
N2  - The motion picture industry is subject to extensive business and management research conducted on a wide range of topics. Due to high research productivity, it is challenging to keep track of the abundance of publications. Against this background, we employ a bibliographic coupling analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of current research topics. The following themes were defined: Key factors for success, word of mouth and social media, organizational and pedagogical dimensions, advertising—product placement and online marketing, tourism, the influence of data, the influence of culture, revenue maximization and purchase decisions, and the perception and identification of audiences. Based on the cluster analysis, we suggest the following future research opportunities: Exploring technological innovations, especially the influence of social media and streaming platforms in the film industry; the in-depth analysis of the use of artificial intelligence in film production, both in terms of its creative potential and ethical and legal challenges; the exploration of the representation of wokeness and minorities in films and their cultural and economic significance; and, finally, a detailed examination of the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and other crises on the film industry, especially in terms of changed consumption habits and structural adjustments.
KW  - bibliometric analysis
KW  - business researc
KW  - films
KW  - movies
KW  - literature review
KW  - motion pictures
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia4040076
SN  - 2673-5172
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
SP  - 1198
EP  - 1210
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Torous, John
A1  - Stern, Ariel D.
A1  - Bourgeois, Florence T.
T1  - Regulatory considerations to keep pace with innovation in digital health products
JF  - npj digital medicine
N2  - Rapid innovation and proliferation of software as a medical device have accelerated the clinical use of digital technologies across a wide array of medical conditions. 
Current regulatory pathways were developed for traditional (hardware) medical devices and offer a useful structure, but the evolution of digital devices requires concomitant innovation in regulatory approaches to maximize the potential benefits of these emerging technologies. 
A number of specific adaptations could strengthen current regulatory oversight while promoting ongoing innovation.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00668-9
SN  - 2398-6352
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
PB  - Macmillan Publishers Limited
CY  - Basingstoke
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bocedi, Greta
A1  - Palmer, Stephen C. F.
A1  - Malchow, Anne-Kathleen
A1  - Zurell, Damaris
A1  - Watts, Kevin
A1  - Travis, Justin M. J.
T1  - RangeShifter 2.0
BT  - an extended and enhanced platform for modelling environmental changes
JF  - Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology / Nordic Ecologic Society Oikos
N2  - Process-based models are becoming increasingly used tools for understanding how species are likely to respond to environmental changes and to potential management options. RangeShifter is one such modelling platform, which has been used to address a range of questions including identifying effective reintroduction strategies, understanding patterns of range expansion and assessing population viability of species across complex landscapes. Here we introduce a new version, RangeShifter 2.0, which incorporates important new functionality. It is now possible to simulate dynamics over user-specified, temporally changing landscapes. Additionally, we integrated a new genetic module, notably introducing an explicit genetic modelling architecture, which allows for simulation of neutral and adaptive genetic processes. Furthermore, emigration, transfer and settlement traits can now all evolve, allowing for sophisticated simulation of the evolution of dispersal. We illustrate the potential application of RangeShifter 2.0's new functionality by two examples. The first illustrates the range expansion of a virtual species across a dynamically changing UK landscape. The second demonstrates how the software can be used to explore the concept of evolving connectivity in response to land-use modification, by examining how movement rules come under selection over landscapes of different structure and composition. RangeShifter 2.0 is built using object-oriented C++ providing computationally efficient simulation of complex individual-based, eco-evolutionary models. The code has been redeveloped to enable use across operating systems, including on high performance computing clusters, and the Windows graphical user interface has been enhanced. RangeShifter 2.0 will facilitate the development of in-silico assessments of how species will respond to environmental changes and to potential management options for conserving or controlling them. By making the code available open source, we hope to inspire further collaborations and extensions by the ecological community.
KW  - animal movement
KW  - connectivity
KW  - distribution modelling
KW  - dynamic
KW  - landscapes
KW  - individual-based modelling
KW  - population viability
KW  - process-based modelling
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05687
SN  - 0906-7590
SN  - 1600-0587
VL  - 44
IS  - 10
SP  - 1453
EP  - 1462
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oren, Yehuda (Yady)
T1  - Plotinus’ concept of ‘We’ and its relation to the Kantian tradition
JF  - Revista de estudios kantianos : publicación internacional de la Sociedad de Estudios Kantianos en Lengua Española
N2  - Hailed as an innovative concept in antiquity, Plotinus’ concept of the ‘we’ occupies a nuanced and somewhat elusive systematic position. On the one hand, it locates itself in the realm of the soul rather than the intellect; at the same time, however, it manifests a self-conscious dimension typically ascribed to the intellect rather than the soul. This paper attempts to resolve this ambiguity by interpreting the ‘we’ as a potential of self-consciousness, which explains why the ‘we’ can become similar to, but not identical with, the actual self-consciousness of the intellect. The proposed definition not only brings clarity to the seemingly paradoxical formulations surrounding the ‘we’ in Plotinus’ philosophy but also sheds light on the allegories that Plotinus employs. 

Moreover, my analysis highlights the similarity between the Plotinian ‘we’ and the characterizations of the self within the Kantian tradition. Drawing on Cassirer’s dichotomy between concepts of substance and concepts of function, and Kant’s assertion that the ‘I think’ represents a potentiality rather than an actuality of self-consciousness, this study attempts to provide a conceptual bridge between the Plotinian and Kantian frameworks.
KW  - Plotinus
KW  - History of Philosophy
KW  - Self-consciousness
KW  - Neoplatonism
KW  - Kantian Tradition
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.7203/REK.9.1.27679
SN  - 2445-0669
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
PB  - Servei de Biblioteques i Documentació, Servei d'Informàtica
CY  - València
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Radivoievych, Aleksandar
A1  - Kolp, Benjamin
A1  - Grebinyk, Sergii
A1  - Prylutska, Svitlana
A1  - Ritter, Uwe
A1  - Zolk, Oliver
A1  - Glökler, Jörn
A1  - Frohme, Marcus
A1  - Grebinyk, Anna
T1  - Prestine C60 fullerene as a novel agent in sonodynamic treatment of cancer cells
T2  - FEBS Open Bio
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.13440
SN  - 2211-5463
VL  - 12
IS  - Supplement 1
SP  - 74
EP  - 74
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stolle, Claudia
A1  - Michaelis, Ingo
A1  - Xiong, Chao
A1  - Rother, Martin
A1  - Usbeck, Thomas
A1  - Yamazaki, Yosuke
A1  - Rauberg, Jan
A1  - Styp-Rekowski, Kevin
T1  - Observing earth’s magnetic environment with the GRACE-FO mission
JF  - Earth, planets and space : EPS
N2  - The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission carries magnetometers that are dedicated to enhance the satellite's navigation. After appropriate calibration and characterisation of artificial magnetic disturbances, these observations are valuable assets to characterise the natural variability of Earth's magnetic field. We describe the data pre-processing, the calibration, and characterisation strategy against a high-precision magnetic field model applied to the GRACE-FO magnetic data. During times of geomagnetic quiet conditions, the mean residual to the magnetic model is around 1 nT with standard deviations below 10 nT. The mean difference to data of ESA's Swarm mission, which is dedicated to monitor the Earth's magnetic field, is mainly within +/- 10 nT during conjunctions. The performance of GRACE-FO magnetic data is further discussed on selected scientific examples. During a magnetic storm event in August 2018, GRACE-FO reveals the local time dependence of the magnetospheric ring current signature, which is in good agreement with results from a network of ground magnetic observations. Also, derived field-aligned currents (FACs) are applied to monitor auroral FACs that compare well in amplitude and statistical behaviour for local time, hemisphere, and solar wind conditions to approved earlier findings from other missions including Swarm. On a case event, it is demonstrated that the dual-satellite constellation of GRACE-FO is most suitable to derive the persistence of auroral FACs with scale lengths of 180 km or longer. Due to a relatively larger noise level compared to dedicated magnetic missions, GRACE-FO is especially suitable for high-amplitude event studies. However, GRACE-FO is also sensitive to ionospheric signatures even below the noise level within statistical approaches. The combination with data of dedicated magnetic field missions and other missions carrying non-dedicated magnetometers greatly enhances related scientific perspectives.
KW  - Earth's magnetic field
KW  - Geomagnetism
KW  - Ionospheric currents
KW  - Magnetospheric ring current
KW  - Satellite-based magnetometers
KW  - Platform
KW  - magnetometers
KW  - GRACE-FO
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01364-w
SN  - 1880-5981
VL  - 73
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Korovila, Ioanna
A1  - Hoehn, Annika
A1  - Jung, Tobias
A1  - Grune, Tilman
A1  - Ott, Christiane
T1  - Reduced liver autophagy in high-fat diet induced liver steatosis in New Zealand obese mice
JF  - Antioxidants : open access journal
N2  - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as a consequence of overnutrition caused by high-calorie diets, results in obesity and disturbed lipid homeostasis leading to hepatic lipid droplet formation. Lipid droplets can impair hepatocellular function; therefore, it is of utmost importance to degrade these cellular structures. This requires the normal function of the autophagic-lysosomal system and the ubiquitin-proteasomal system. We demonstrated in NZO mice, a polygenic model of obesity, which were compared to C57BL/6J (B6) mice, that a high-fat diet leads to obesity and accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver. This was accompanied by a loss of autophagy efficiency whereas the activity of lysosomal proteases and the 20S proteasome remained unaffected. The disturbance of cellular protein homeostasis was further demonstrated by the accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal modified proteins, which are normally prone to degradation. Therefore, we conclude that fat accumulation in the liver due to a high-fat diet is associated with a failure of autophagy and leads to the disturbance of proteostasis. This might further contribute to lipid droplet stabilization and accumulation.
KW  - proteostasis
KW  - protein modification
KW  - 4-HNE
KW  - proteasome
KW  - lipid droplets
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040501
SN  - 2076-3921
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Falkenhagen, Undine
A1  - Knöchel, Jane
A1  - Kloft, Charlotte
A1  - Huisinga, Wilhelm
T1  - Deriving mechanism-based pharmacodynamic models by reducing quantitative systems pharmacology models
BT  - an application to warfarin
JF  - CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology
N2  - Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models integrate comprehensive qualitative and quantitative knowledge about pharmacologically relevant processes. We previously proposed a first approach to leverage the knowledge in QSP models to derive simpler, mechanism-based pharmacodynamic (PD) models. Their complexity, however, is typically still too large to be used in the population analysis of clinical data. Here, we extend the approach beyond state reduction to also include the simplification of reaction rates, elimination of reactions, and analytic solutions. We additionally ensure that the reduced model maintains a prespecified approximation quality not only for a reference individual but also for a diverse virtual population. We illustrate the extended approach for the warfarin effect on blood coagulation. Using the model-reduction approach, we derive a novel small-scale warfarin/international normalized ratio model and demonstrate its suitability for biomarker identification. Due to the systematic nature of the approach in comparison with empirical model building, the proposed model-reduction algorithm provides an improved rationale to build PD models also from QSP models in other applications.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12903
SN  - 2163-8306
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
SP  - 432
EP  - 443
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Veh, Georg
A1  - Lützow, Natalie
A1  - Kharlamova, Varvara
A1  - Petrakov, Dmitry
A1  - Hugonnet, Romain
A1  - Korup, Oliver
T1  - Trends, Breaks, and Biases in the Frequency of Reported Glacier Lake Outburst Floods
JF  - Earth's Future
N2  - Thousands of glacier lakes have been forming behind natural dams in high mountains following glacier retreat since the early 20th century. Some of these lakes abruptly released pulses of water and sediment with disastrous downstream consequences. Yet it remains unclear whether the reported rise of these glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) has been fueled by a warming atmosphere and enhanced meltwater production, or simply a growing research effort. Here we estimate trends and biases in GLOF reporting based on the largest global catalog of 1,997 dated glacier-related floods in six major mountain ranges from 1901 to 2017. We find that the positive trend in the number of reported GLOFs has decayed distinctly after a break in the 1970s, coinciding with independently detected trend changes in annual air temperatures and in the annual number of field-based glacier surveys (a proxy of scientific reporting). We observe that GLOF reports and glacier surveys decelerated, while temperature rise accelerated in the past five decades. Enhanced warming alone can thus hardly explain the annual number of reported GLOFs, suggesting that temperature-driven glacier lake formation, growth, and failure are weakly coupled, or that outbursts have been overlooked. Indeed, our analysis emphasizes a distinct geographic and temporal bias in GLOF reporting, and we project that between two to four out of five GLOFs on average might have gone unnoticed in the early to mid-20th century. We recommend that such biases should be considered, or better corrected for, when attributing the frequency of reported GLOFs to atmospheric warming.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002426
SN  - 2328-4277
VL  - 10
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken, New Jersey
ET  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Erdmann, Nina
A1  - Schilling, Theresa
A1  - Hentschel, Julia
A1  - Lehmann, Thomas
A1  - von Bismarck, Philipp
A1  - Ankermann, Tobias
A1  - Duckstein, Franziska
A1  - Baier, Michael
A1  - Zagoya, Carlos
A1  - Mainz, Jochen G.
T1  - Divergent dynamics of inflammatory mediators and multiplex PCRs during airway infection in cystic fibrosis patients and healthy controls
BT  - Serial upper airway sampling by nasal lavage
JF  - Frontiers in immunology
N2  - Background 
In cystic fibrosis (CF), acute respiratory exacerbations critically enhance pulmonary destruction. Since these mainly occur outside regular appointments, they remain unexplored. We previously elaborated a protocol for home-based upper airway (UAW) sampling obtaining nasal-lavage fluid (NLF), which, in contrast to sputum, does not require immediate processing. The aim of this study was to compare UAW inflammation and pathogen colonization during stable phases and exacerbations in CF patients and healthy controls. 

Methods 
Initially, we obtained NLF by rinsing 10 ml of isotonic saline/nostril during stable phases. During exacerbations, subjects regularly collected NLF at home. CF patients directly submitted one aliquot for microbiological cultures. The remaining samples were immediately frozen until transfer on ice to our clinic, where PCR analyses were performed and interleukin (IL)-1 beta/IL-6/IL-8, neutrophil elastase (NE), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 were assessed. 

Results
Altogether, 49 CF patients and 38 healthy controls (HCs) completed the study, and 214 NLF samples were analyzed. Of the 49 CF patients, 20 were at least intermittently colonized with P. aeruginosa and received azithromycin and/or inhaled antibiotics as standard therapy. At baseline, IL-6 and IL-8 tended to be elevated in CF compared to controls. During infection, inflammatory mediators increased in both cohorts, reaching significance only for IL-6 in controls (p=0.047). Inflammatory responses tended to be higher in controls [1.6-fold (NE) to 4.4-fold (MMP-9)], while in CF, mediators increased only moderately [1.2-1.5-fold (IL-6/IL-8/NE/TIMP-1/MMP-9)]. Patients receiving inhalative antibiotics or azithromycin (n=20 and n=15, respectively) revealed lower levels of IL-1 beta/IL-6/IL-8 and NE during exacerbation compared to CF patients not receiving those antibiotics. In addition, CF patients receiving azithromycin showed MMP-9 levels significantly lower than CF patients not receiving azithromycin at stable phase and exacerbation. Altogether, rhinoviruses were the most frequently detected virus, detected at least once in n=24 (49.0%) of the 49 included pwCF and in n=26 (68.4%) of the 38 healthy controls over the 13-month duration of the study. Remarkably, during exacerbation, rhinovirus detection rates were significantly higher in the HC group compared to those in CF patients (65.8% vs. 22.4%; p<0.0001). 

Conclusion
Non-invasive and partially home-based UAW sampling opens new windows for the assessment of inflammation and pathogen colonization in the unified airway system.
KW  - cystic fibrosis
KW  - interleukin
KW  - metalloproteinase
KW  - neutrophilic elastase
KW  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
KW  - nasal lavage
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.947359
SN  - 1664-3224
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Munoz, Valeria
A1  - Walter, Thomas R.
A1  - Zorn, Edgar U.
A1  - Shevchenko, Alina
A1  - Gonzalez, Pablo J.
A1  - Reale, Diego
A1  - Sansosti, Eugenio
T1  - Satellite radar and camera time series reveal transition from aligned to distributed crater arrangement during the 2021 eruption of Cumbre Vieja, La Palma (Spain)
JF  - Remote sensing
N2  - Magma-filled dikes may feed erupting fissures that lead to alignments of craters developing at the surface, yet the details of activity and migrating eruptions at the crater row are difficult to monitor and are hardly understood. 
The 2021 Tajogaite eruption at the Cumbre Vieja, La Palma (Spain), lasted 85 days and developed a pronounced alignment of craters that may be related to changes within the volcano edifice. 
Here, we use COSMO-SkyMed satellite radar data and ground-based time-lapse photographs, offering a high-resolution dataset to explore the locations and characteristics of evolving craters. 
Our results show that the craters evolve both gradually and suddenly and can be divided into three main phases. Phase 1, lasting the first 6 weeks of the eruption, was characterized by a NW-SE linear evolution of up to seven craters emerging on the growing cone. 

Following two partial collapses of the cone to the northwest and a seismicity increase at depth, Phase 2 started and caused a propagation of the main activity toward the southeastern side, together with the presence of up to 11 craters along this main NW-SE trend. Associated with strong deep and shallow earthquakes, Phase 3 was initiated and continued for the final 2 weeks of the eruption, expressed by the development of up to 18 craters, which became dominant and clustered in the southeastern sector in early December 2021. In Phase 3, a second and oblique alignment and surface fracture was identified. 

Our findings that crater and eruption changes coincide together with an increase in seismic activity at depth point to a deep driver leading to crater and morphology changes at the surface. 
These also suggest that crater distributions might allow for improved monitoring of changes occurring at depth, and vice versa, such that strong seismicity changes at depth may herald the migration and new formation of craters, which have major implications for the assessment of tephra and lava flow hazards on volcanoes.
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - SAR
KW  - time-lapse camera
KW  - volcano monitoring
KW  - fissure eruption
KW  - crater row
KW  - La Palma
KW  - Canary Islands
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236168
SN  - 2072-4292
VL  - 14
IS  - 23
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marin, Victor
A1  - Bart, Bryan
A1  - Cortez, Nicole
A1  - Jiménez, Verónica A.
A1  - Silva, Victor
A1  - Leyton, Oscar
A1  - Cabrera-Pardo, Jaime R.
A1  - Schmidt, Bernd
A1  - Heydenreich, Matthias
A1  - Burgos, Viviana
A1  - Paz, Cristian
T1  - Drimane sesquiterpene aldehydes control Candida yeast isolated from candidemia in Chilean patients
JF  - International journal of molecular sciences
N2  - Drimys winteri J.R. (Winteraceae) produce drimane sesquiterpenoids with activity against Candida yeast. 
In this work, drimenol, polygodial (1), isotadeonal (2), and a new drimane alpha,beta-unsaturated 1,4-dialdehyde, named winterdial (4), were purified from barks of D. winteri. The oxidation of drimenol produced the monoaldehyde drimenal (3). 
These four aldehyde sesquiterpenoids were evaluated against six Candida species isolated from candidemia patients in Chilean hospitals. 
Results showed that 1 displays fungistatic activity against all yeasts (3.75 to 15.0 mu g/mL), but irritant effects on eyes and skin, whereas its non-pungent epimer 2 has fungistatic and fungicide activities at 1.9 and 15.0 mu g/mL, respectively. 
On the other hand, compounds 3 and 4 were less active. 
Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that compounds 1-4 are capable of binding to the catalytic pocket of lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase with similar binding free energies, thus suggesting a potential mechanism of action through the inhibition of ergosterol synthesis. According to our findings, compound 2 appears as a valuable molecular scaffold to pursue the future development of more potent drugs against candidiasis with fewer side effects than polygodial. 
These outcomes are significant to broaden the alternatives to treat fungal infections with increasing prevalence worldwide using natural compounds as a primary source for active compounds.
KW  - drimane sesquiterpenoids
KW  - Drimys winteri
KW  - isotadeonal
KW  - winterdial
KW  - Candida yeast
KW  - lanosterol 14-α-demethylase
KW  - molecular dynamics
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911753
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 23
IS  - 19
PB  - Molecular Diversity Preservation International
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Döpper, Veronika
A1  - Jagdhuber, Thomas
A1  - Holtgrave, Ann-Kathrin
A1  - Heistermann, Maik
A1  - Francke, Till
A1  - Kleinschmit, Birgit
A1  - Förster, Michael
T1  - Following the cosmic-ray-neutron-sensing-based soil moisture under grassland and forest
BT  - exploring the potential of optical and SAR remote sensing
JF  - Science of remote Sensing
N2  - Deriving soil moisture content (SMC) at the regional scale with different spatial and temporal land cover changes is still a challenge for active and passive remote sensing systems, often coped with machine learning methods. 
So far, the reference measurements of the data-driven approaches are usually based on point data, which entails a scale gap to the resolution of the remote sensing data. Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing (CRNS) indirectly provides SMC estimates of a soil volume covering more than 1 ha and vertical depth up to 80 cm and is thus able to narrow this scale gap. 
So far, the CRNS-based SMC has only been used as validation source of remote sensing based SMC products. Its beneficial large sensing volume, especially in depth, has not been exploited yet. 
However, the sensing volume of the CRNS, which is changing with hydrological conditions, bears challenges for the comparison with remote sensing observations. This study, for the fist time, aims to understand the direct linkage of optical (Sentinel 2) and SAR (Sentinel 1) data with CRNS-based SMC. 
Thereby, the CRNS-based SMC is obtained by an experimental CRNS cluster that covers the high temporal and spatial SMC variability of an entire pre-alpine subcatchment. Using different Random Forest regressions, we analyze the potentials and limitations of both remote sensing sensors to follow the CRNS-based SMC signal. 
Our results show that it is possible to link the CRNS-based SMC signal with SAR and optical remote sensing observations via Random Forest modelling. 

We found that Sentinel 2 data is able to separate wet from dry periods with a R2 of 0.68. 
It is less affected by the changing soil volume that contributes to the CRNS-based SMC signal and it is able to assign a land cover specific SMC distribution. 
However, Sentinel 2 regression models are not accurate (R2 < 0.21) in mapping the CRNSbased SMC for the frequently mowed grassland areas of the study site. It requires soil type and topographical information to accurately follow the CRNS-based SMC signal with Random Forest regression. 
Sentinel 1 data instead is affected by the changing soil volume that contributes to the CRNS-based SMC signal. It has reasonable model performance (R2 = 0.34) when the CRNS data correspond to surface SMC. Also for Sentinel 1 the retrieval is impacted by the mowing activities at the test site. 
When separating the CRNS data set into dry and wet periods, soil properties and topography are the main drivers of SMC estimation. Sentinel 1 or Sentinel 2 data add the existing temporal variability to the regression models. The analysis underlines the need of combining optical and SAR observations (Sentinel 1, Sentinel 2) as well as soil property and topographical information to understand and follow the CRNS-based SMC signal for different hydrological conditions and land cover types.
KW  - Sentinel 1
KW  - Sentinel 2
KW  - soil texture
KW  - topography
KW  - sensing volume
KW  - Random Forest regression
KW  - CRNS
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srs.2022.100056
SN  - 2666-0172
VL  - 5
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ritschel, Stefan
A1  - Cherstvy, Andrey G.
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Universality of delay-time averages for financial time series
BT  - analytical results, computer simulations, and analysis of historical stock-market prices
JF  - Journal of physics. Complexity
N2  - We analyze historical data of stock-market prices for multiple financial indices using the concept of delay-time averaging for the financial time series (FTS). The region of validity of our recent theoretical predictions [Cherstvy A G et al 2017 New J. Phys. 19 063045] for the standard and delayed time-averaged mean-squared 'displacements' (TAMSDs) of the historical FTS is extended to all lag times. As the first novel element, we perform extensive computer simulations of the stochastic differential equation describing geometric Brownian motion (GBM) which demonstrate a quantitative agreement with the analytical long-term price-evolution predictions in terms of the delayed TAMSD (for all stock-market indices in crisis-free times). Secondly, we present a robust procedure of determination of the model parameters of GBM via fitting the features of the price-evolution dynamics in the FTS for stocks and cryptocurrencies. The employed concept of single-trajectory-based time averaging can serve as a predictive tool (proxy) for a mathematically based assessment and rationalization of probabilistic trends in the evolution of stock-market prices.
KW  - econophysics
KW  - geometric Brownian motion
KW  - time-series analysis
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-072X/ac2220
SN  - 2632-072X
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Padash, Amin
A1  - Aghion, Erez
A1  - Schulz, Alexander
A1  - Barkai, Eli
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Kantz, Holger
T1  - Local equilibrium properties of ultraslow diffusion in the Sinai model
JF  - New journal of physics
N2  - We perform numerical studies of a thermally driven, overdamped particle in a random quenched force field, known as the Sinai model. We compare the unbounded motion on an infinite 1-dimensional domain to the motion in bounded domains with reflecting boundaries and show that the unbounded motion is at every time close to the equilibrium state of a finite system of growing size. This is due to time scale separation: inside wells of the random potential, there is relatively fast equilibration, while the motion across major potential barriers is ultraslow. Quantities studied by us are the time dependent mean squared displacement, the time dependent mean energy of an ensemble of particles, and the time dependent entropy of the probability distribution. Using a very fast numerical algorithm, we can explore times up top 10(17) steps and thereby also study finite-time crossover phenomena.
KW  - Sinai diffusion
KW  - clustering
KW  - local equilibrium
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac7df8
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 24
IS  - 7
PB  - IOP Publishing
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Muldashev, Iskander
A1  - Perez-Gussinye, Marta
A1  - Sobolev, Stephan
T1  - Modeling of continental normal fault earthquakes
JF  - Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G 3 ; an electronic journal of the earth sciences
N2  - The magnitude of earthquakes on continental normal faults rarely exceeds 7.0 Mw. However, because of their vicinity to large population centers they can be highly destructive. 
Long recurrence time, relatively small deformations, and limited observations hinder our understanding of the deformation patterns and mechanisms controlling the magnitude of events. 
Here, this problem is addressed with 2D thermomechanical modeling of normal fault seismic cycles. 
The 2020 Samos, Greece Mw7.0 earthquake is used as an example as it is one of the largest and most studied continental normal fault earthquakes. The modeling approach employs visco-elasto-plastic rheology, compressibility, free surface, and a rate-and-state friction law for the fault. 
Modeling of the Samos earthquake suggests the pore fluid pressure ratio on the fault ranges from 0 to 0.7. The model demonstrates that most of the deformation during interseismic and coseismic periods, besides on the fault, occurs in the hanging wall and footwall below the seismogenic part of the fault. The largest vertical surface displacement during the earthquake is the subsidence of the hanging wall in the vicinity of the fault, while the uplift of the footwall and remote part of the hanging wall is significantly smaller. 
Modeling of the seismic cycles on normal faults with different setups shows the dependency of the magnitude on the thermal profile and dipping angle of the fault; low heat flow and low dipping angle are favorable conditions for the largest events, while steep normal faults in the areas of high heat flow tend to have the smallest magnitudes.
KW  - normal fault earthquakes
KW  - Samos earthquake
KW  - seismic cycle
KW  - earthquake modeling
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GC010615
SN  - 1525-2027
VL  - 23
IS  - 12
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Li, Yongge
A1  - Mei, Ruoxing
A1  - Xu, Yong
A1  - Kurths, Jürgen
A1  - Duan, Jinqiao
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Particle dynamics and transport enhancement in a confined channel with position-dependent diffusivity
JF  - New Journal of Physics
N2  - This work focuses on the dynamics of particles in a confined geometry with position-dependent diffusivity, where the confinement is modelled by a periodic channel consisting of unit cells connected by narrow passage ways. We consider three functional forms for the diffusivity, corresponding to the scenarios of a constant (D ₀), as well as a low (D ₘ) and a high (D d) mobility diffusion in cell centre of the longitudinally symmetric cells. Due to the interaction among the diffusivity, channel shape and external force, the system exhibits complex and interesting phenomena. By calculating the probability density function, mean velocity and mean first exit time with the Itô calculus form, we find that in the absence of external forces the diffusivity D d will redistribute particles near the channel wall, while the diffusivity D ₘ will trap them near the cell centre. The superposition of external forces will break their static distributions. Besides, our results demonstrate that for the diffusivity D d, a high dependence on the x coordinate (parallel with the central channel line) will improve the mean velocity of the particles. In contrast, for the diffusivity D ₘ, a weak dependence on the x coordinate will dramatically accelerate the moving speed. In addition, it shows that a large external force can weaken the influences of different diffusivities; inversely, for a small external force, the types of diffusivity affect significantly the particle dynamics. In practice, one can apply these results to achieve a prominent enhancement of the particle transport in two- or three-dimensional channels by modulating the local tracer diffusivity via an engineered gel of varying porosity or by adding a cold tube to cool down the diffusivity along the central line, which may be a relevant effect in engineering applications. Effects of different stochastic calculi in the evaluation of the underlying multiplicative stochastic equation for different physical scenarios are discussed.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - channel
KW  - space-dependent diffusivity
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ab81b9
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 22
PB  - Dt. Physikalische Ges.
CY  - Bad Honnef
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Goswami, Bedartha
A1  - Boers, Niklas
A1  - Rheinwalt, Aljoscha
A1  - Marwan, Norbert
A1  - Heitzig, Jobst
A1  - Breitenbach, Sebastian Franz Martin
A1  - Kurths, Jürgen
T1  - Abrupt transitions in time series with uncertainties
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Identifying abrupt transitions is a key question in various disciplines. Existing transition detection methods, however, do not rigorously account for time series uncertainties, often neglecting them altogether or assuming them to be independent and qualitatively similar. Here, we introduce a novel approach suited to handle uncertainties by representing the time series as a time-ordered sequence of probability density functions. We show how to detect abrupt transitions in such a sequence using the community structure of networks representing probabilities of recurrence. Using our approach, we detect transitions in global stock indices related to well-known periods of politico-economic volatility. We further uncover transitions in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation which coincide with periods of phase locking with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Finally, we provide for the first time an ‘uncertainty-aware’ framework which validates the hypothesis that ice-rafting events in the North Atlantic during the Holocene were synchronous with a weakened Asian summer monsoon.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02456-6
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 9
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wang, Wei
A1  - Seno, Flavio
A1  - Sokolov, Igor M.
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Unexpected crossovers in correlated random-diffusivity processes
JF  - New Journal of Physics
N2  - The passive and active motion of micron-sized tracer particles in crowded liquids and inside living biological cells is ubiquitously characterised by 'viscoelastic' anomalous diffusion, in which the increments of the motion feature long-ranged negative and positive correlations. While viscoelastic anomalous diffusion is typically modelled by a Gaussian process with correlated increments, so-called fractional Gaussian noise, an increasing number of systems are reported, in which viscoelastic anomalous diffusion is paired with non-Gaussian displacement distributions. Following recent advances in Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion we here introduce and discuss several possible versions of random-diffusivity models with long-ranged correlations. While all these models show a crossover from non-Gaussian to Gaussian distributions beyond some correlation time, their mean squared displacements exhibit strikingly different behaviours: depending on the model crossovers from anomalous to normal diffusion are observed, as well as a priori unexpected dependencies of the effective diffusion coefficient on the correlation exponent. Our observations of the non-universality of random-diffusivity viscoelastic anomalous diffusion are important for the analysis of experiments and a better understanding of the physical origins of 'viscoelastic yet non-Gaussian' diffusion.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - anomalous diffusion
KW  - non-Gaussianity
KW  - fractional Brownian motion
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aba390
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 22
PB  - Dt. Physikalische Ges.
CY  - Bad Honnef
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thapa, Samudrajit
A1  - Wyłomańska, Agnieszka
A1  - Sikora, Grzegorz
A1  - Wagner, Caroline E.
A1  - Krapf, Diego
A1  - Kantz, Holger
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Leveraging large-deviation statistics to decipher the stochastic properties of measured trajectories
JF  - New Journal of Physics
N2  - Extensive time-series encoding the position of particles such as viruses, vesicles, or individualproteins are routinely garnered insingle-particle tracking experiments or supercomputing studies.They contain vital clues on how viruses spread or drugs may be delivered in biological cells.Similar time-series are being recorded of stock values in financial markets and of climate data.Such time-series are most typically evaluated in terms of time-averaged mean-squareddisplacements (TAMSDs), which remain random variables for finite measurement times. Theirstatistical properties are different for differentphysical stochastic processes, thus allowing us toextract valuable information on the stochastic process itself. To exploit the full potential of thestatistical information encoded in measured time-series we here propose an easy-to-implementand computationally inexpensive new methodology, based on deviations of the TAMSD from itsensemble average counterpart. Specifically, we use the upper bound of these deviations forBrownian motion (BM) to check the applicability of this approach to simulated and real data sets.By comparing the probability of deviations fordifferent data sets, we demonstrate how thetheoretical bound for BM reveals additional information about observed stochastic processes. Weapply the large-deviation method to data sets of tracer beads tracked in aqueous solution, tracerbeads measured in mucin hydrogels, and of geographic surface temperature anomalies. Ouranalysis shows how the large-deviation properties can be efficiently used as a simple yet effectiveroutine test to reject the BM hypothesis and unveil relevant information on statistical propertiessuch as ergodicity breaking and short-time correlations.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - anomalous diffusion
KW  - large-deviation statistic
KW  - time-averaged mean squared displacement
KW  - Chebyshev inequality
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/abd50e
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 23
PB  - Dt. Physikalische Ges. ; IOP
CY  - Bad Honnef ; London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fischer, Melanie
A1  - Korup, Oliver
A1  - Veh, Georg
A1  - Walz, Ariane
T1  - Controls of outbursts of moraine-dammed lakes in the greater Himalayan region
JF  - The Cryosphere
N2  - Glacial lakes in the Hindu Kush–Karakoram–Himalayas–Nyainqentanglha (HKKHN) region have grown rapidly in number and area in past decades, and some dozens have drained in catastrophic glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). Estimating regional susceptibility of glacial lakes has largely relied on qualitative assessments by experts, thus motivating a more systematic and quantitative appraisal. Before the backdrop of current climate-change projections and the potential of elevation-dependent warming, an objective and regionally consistent assessment is urgently needed. We use an inventory of 3390 moraine-dammed lakes and their documented outburst history in the past four decades to test whether elevation, lake area and its rate of change, glacier-mass balance, and monsoonality are useful inputs to a probabilistic classification model. We implement these candidate predictors in four Bayesian multi-level logistic regression models to estimate the posterior susceptibility to GLOFs. We find that mostly larger lakes have been more prone to GLOFs in the past four decades regardless of the elevation band in which they occurred. We also find that including the regional average glacier-mass balance improves the model classification. In contrast, changes in lake area and monsoonality play ambiguous roles. Our study provides first quantitative evidence that GLOF susceptibility in the HKKHN scales with lake area, though less so with its dynamics. Our probabilistic prognoses offer improvement compared to a random classification based on average GLOF frequency. Yet they also reveal some major uncertainties that have remained largely unquantified previously and that challenge the applicability of single models. Ensembles of multiple models could be a viable alternative for more accurately classifying the susceptibility of moraine-dammed lakes to GLOFs.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4145-2021
SN  - 1994-0416
VL  - 15
PB  - Copernicus Publications
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dieterich, Peter
A1  - Lindemann, Otto
A1  - Moskopp, Mats Leif
A1  - Tauzin, Sebastien
A1  - Huttenlocher, Anna
A1  - Klages, Rainer
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei
A1  - Schwab, Albrecht
T1  - Anomalous diffusion and asymmetric tempering memory in neutrophil chemotaxis
JF  - PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal
N2  - Neutrophil granulocytes are essential for the first host defense. After leaving the blood circulation they migrate efficiently towards sites of inflammation. They are guided by chemoattractants released from cells within the inflammatory foci. On a cellular level, directional migration is a consequence of cellular front-rear asymmetry which is induced by the concentration gradient of the chemoattractants. The generation and maintenance of this asymmetry, however, is not yet fully understood. Here we analyzed the paths of chemotacting neutrophils with different stochastic models to gain further insight into the underlying mechanisms. Wildtype chemotacting neutrophils show an anomalous superdiffusive behavior. CXCR2 blockade and TRPC6-knockout cause the tempering of temporal correlations and a reduction of chemotaxis. Importantly, such tempering is found both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that the maintenance of anomalous dynamics is crucial for chemotactic behavior and the search efficiency of neutrophils. 
The motility of neutrophils and their ability to sense and to react to chemoattractants in their environment are of central importance for the innate immunity. Neutrophils are guided towards sites of inflammation following the activation of G-protein coupled chemoattractant receptors such as CXCR2 whose signaling strongly depends on the activity of Ca2+ permeable TRPC6 channels. It is the aim of this study to analyze data sets obtained in vitro (murine neutrophils) and in vivo (zebrafish neutrophils) with a stochastic mathematical model to gain deeper insight into the underlying mechanisms. The model is based on the analysis of trajectories of individual neutrophils. Bayesian data analysis, including the covariances of positions for fractional Brownian motion as well as for exponentially and power-law tempered model variants, allows the estimation of parameters and model selection. Our model-based analysis reveals that wildtype neutrophils show pure superdiffusive fractional Brownian motion. This so-called anomalous dynamics is characterized by temporal long-range correlations for the movement into the direction of the chemotactic CXCL1 gradient. Pure superdiffusion is absent vertically to this gradient. This points to an asymmetric 'memory' of the migratory machinery, which is found both in vitro and in vivo. CXCR2 blockade and TRPC6-knockout cause tempering of temporal correlations in the chemotactic gradient. This can be interpreted as a progressive loss of memory, which leads to a marked reduction of chemotaxis and search efficiency of neutrophils. In summary, our findings indicate that spatially differential regulation of anomalous dynamics appears to play a central role in guiding efficient chemotactic behavior.
KW  - neutrophils
KW  - chemotaxis
KW  - autocorrelation
KW  - zebrafish
KW  - cell migration
KW  - covariance
KW  - brownian motion
KW  - stochastic processes
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010089
SN  - 1553-734X
SN  - 1553-7358
VL  - 18
IS  - 5
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schaefer, Laura
A1  - Dech, Silas
A1  - Wolff, Lara Luisa
A1  - Bittmann, Frank
T1  - Emotional Imagery Influences the Adaptive Force in Young Women
BT  - Unpleasant Imagery Reduces Instantaneously the Muscular Holding Capacity
JF  - Brain Sciences
N2  - The link between emotions and motor function has been known for decades but is still not clarified. The Adaptive Force (AF) describes the neuromuscular capability to adapt to increasing forces and was suggested to be especially vulnerable to interfering inputs. This study investigated the influence of pleasant an  unpleasant food imagery on the manually assessed AF of elbow and hip flexors objectified by a handheld device in 12 healthy women. The maximal isometric AF was significantly reduced during unpleasant vs. pleasant imagery and baseline (p < 0.001, dz = 0.98–1.61). During unpleasant imagery, muscle lengthening started at 59.00 ± 22.50% of maximal AF, in contrast to baseline and pleasant imagery, during which the isometric position could be maintained mostly during the entire force increase up to ~97.90 ± 5.00% of maximal AF. Healthy participants showed an immediately impaired holding function triggered by unpleasant imagery, presumably related to negative emotions. Hence, AF seems to be suitable to test instantaneously the effect of emotions on motor function. Since musculoskeletal complaints can result from muscular instability, the findings provide insights into the understanding of the causal chain of linked musculoskeletal pain and mental stress. A case example (current stress vs. positive imagery) suggests that the approach presented in this study might have future implications for psychomotor diagnostics and therapeutics.
KW  - Adaptive Force
KW  - maximal isometric Adaptive Force
KW  - holding capability
KW  - neuromuscular adaptation
KW  - motor control
KW  - pleasant and unpleasant imagery
KW  - emotions
KW  - emotional imagery
KW  - manual muscle test
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101318
SN  - 2076-3425
VL  - 12
IS  - 10
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Trepka, Heiko
A1  - Keller, Trevor
A1  - Krautloher, Maximilian Josef
A1  - Xu, J.
A1  - Habicht, Klaus
A1  - Böhm, Martin
A1  - Keimer, Bernhard
A1  - Hepting, Matthias
T1  - Critical magnetic fluctuations in the layered ruthenates Ca2RuO4 and Ca3Ru2O7
JF  - Physical Review Research / American Physical Society
N2  - Materials realizing the XY model in two dimensions are sparse. 
Here we use neutron triple-axis spectroscopy to investigate the critical static and dynamical magnetic fluctuations in the square-lattice antiferromagnets Ca2RuO4 and Ca3Ru2O7. 
We probe the temperature dependence of the antiferromagnetic Bragg intensity, the Q width, the amplitude, and the energy width of the magnetic diffuse scattering in the vicinity of the Neel temperature T-N to determine the critical behavior of the magnetic order parameter M, correlation length xi, susceptibility chi, and the characteristic energy Gamma with the corresponding critical exponents beta, nu, gamma, and z, respectively. 

We find that the critical behaviors of the single-layer compound Ca2RuO4 follow universal scaling laws that are compatible with predictions of the two-dimensional (2D) XY model. 
The bilayer compound Ca3Ru2O7 is only partly consistent with the 2D XY theory and best described by the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model, which is likely a consequence of the intrabilayer exchange interactions in combination with an orthorhombic single-ion anisotropy. 
Hence, our results suggest that layered ruthenates are promising solid-state platforms for research on the 2D XY model and the effects of 3D interactions and additional spin-space anisotropies on the magnetic fluctuations.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.023181
SN  - 2643-1564
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gil, Carla Igual
A1  - Coull, Bethany M.
A1  - Jonas, Wenke
A1  - Lippert, Rachel N.
A1  - Klaus, Susanne
A1  - Ost, Mario
T1  - Mitochondrial stress-induced GFRAL signaling controls diurnal food intake and anxiety-like behavior
JF  - Life Science Alliance
N2  - Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a mitochondrial stressinduced cytokine that modulates energy balance in an endocrine manner. 
However, the importance of its brainstem-restricted receptor GDNF family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) to mediate endocrine GDF15 signaling to the brain uponmitochondrial dysfunction is still unknown. Using a mouse model with muscle-specific mitochondrial dysfunction, we here show that GFRAL is required for activation of systemic energy metabolism via daytime-restricted anorexia but not responsible for muscle wasting. 
We further find that muscle mitochondrial stress response involves a GFRAL-dependent induction of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone, without elevated corticosterone levels. 
Finally, we identify that GFRAL signaling governs an anxiety-like behavior in male mice with muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, with females showing a less robust GFRAL-dependent anxiety-like phenotype. 
Together, we here provide novel evidence of a mitochondrial stress-induced muscle-brain crosstalk via the GDF15-GFRAL axis to modulate food intake and anxiogenic behavior.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202201495
SN  - 2575-1077
VL  - 5
IS  - 11
PB  - EMBO Press
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bartsch, Annett
A1  - Pointner, Georg
A1  - Nitze, Ingmar
A1  - Efimova, Aleksandra
A1  - Jakober, Dan
A1  - Ley, Sarah
A1  - Högström, Elin
A1  - Grosse, Guido
A1  - Schweitzer, Peter
T1  - Expanding infrastructure and growing anthropogenic impacts along Arctic coasts
JF  - Environmental research letters : ERL / Institute of Physics
N2  - The accelerating climatic changes and new infrastructure development across the Arctic require more robust risk and environmental assessment, but thus far there is no consistent record of human impact. We provide a first panarctic satellite-based record of expanding infrastructure and anthropogenic impacts along all permafrost affected coasts (100 km buffer, approximate to 6.2 Mio km(2)), named the Sentinel-1/2 derived Arctic Coastal Human Impact (SACHI) dataset. The completeness and thematic content goes beyond traditional satellite based approaches as well as other publicly accessible data sources. Three classes are considered: linear transport infrastructure (roads and railways), buildings, and other impacted area. C-band synthetic aperture radar and multi-spectral information (2016-2020) is exploited within a machine learning framework (gradient boosting machines and deep learning) and combined for retrieval with 10 m nominal resolution. In total, an area of 1243 km(2) constitutes human-built infrastructure as of 2016-2020. Depending on region, SACHI contains 8%-48% more information (human presence) than in OpenStreetMap. 221 (78%) more settlements are identified than in a recently published dataset for this region. 47% is not covered in a global night-time light dataset from 2016. At least 15% (180 km(2)) correspond to new or increased detectable human impact since 2000 according to a Landsat-based normalized difference vegetation index trend comparison within the analysis extent. Most of the expanded presence occurred in Russia, but also some in Canada and US. 31% and 5% of impacted area associated predominantly with oil/gas and mining industry respectively has appeared after 2000. 55% of the identified human impacted area will be shifting to above 0 C-circle ground temperature at two meter depth by 2050 if current permafrost warming trends continue at the pace of the last two decades, highlighting the critical importance to better understand how much and where Arctic infrastructure may become threatened by permafrost thaw.
KW  - Arctic
KW  - permafrost
KW  - settlements
KW  - infrastructure
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - machine
KW  - learning
KW  - Sentinel
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3176
SN  - 1748-9326
VL  - 16
IS  - 11
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Büyükakpınar, Pınar
A1  - Cesca, Simone
A1  - Hainzl, Sebastian
A1  - Jamalreyhani, Mohammadreza
A1  - Heimann, Sebastian
A1  - Dahm, Torsten
T1  - Reservoir-triggered earthquakes around the Atatürk Dam (Southeastern Turkey)
JF  - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2  - Reservoir-triggered seismicity has been observed near dams during construction, impoundment, and cyclic filling in many parts of the earth. In Turkey, the number of dams has increased substantially over the last decade, with Ataturk Dam being the largest dam in Turkey with a total water capacity of 48.7 billion m(3). After the construction of the dam, the monitoring network has improved. Considering earthquakes above the long-term completeness magnitude of M-C = 3.5, the local seismicity rate has substantially increased after the filling of the reservoir. Recently, two damaging earthquakes of M-w 5.5 and M-w 5.1 occurred in the town of Samsat near the Ataturk Reservoir in 2017 and 2018, respectively. In this study, we analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of seismicity and its source properties in relation to the temporal water-level variations and the stresses resulting from surface loading and pore-pressure diffusion. We find that water-level and seismicity rate are anti-correlated, which is explained by the stabilization effect of the gravitational induced stress imposed by water loading on the local faults. On the other hand, we find that the overall effective stress in the seismogenic zone increased over decades due to pore-pressure diffusion, explaining the enhanced background seismicity during recent years. Additionally, we observe a progressive decrease of the Gutenberg-Richter b-value. Our results indicate that the stressing rate finally focused on the region where the two damaging earthquakes occurred in 2017 and 2018.
KW  - reservoir-triggered seismicity
KW  - earthquake source parameters
KW  - stress-change
KW  - seismic hazard
KW  - Ataturk Dam
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.663385
SN  - 2296-6463
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fuchs, Matthias
A1  - Grosse, Guido
A1  - Strauss, Jens
A1  - Günther, Frank
A1  - Grigoriev, Mikhail N.
A1  - Maximov, Georgy M.
A1  - Hugelius, Gustaf
T1  - Carbon and nitrogen pools in thermokarst-affected permafrost landscapes in Arctic Siberia
JF  - Biogeosciences
N2  - Ice-rich yedoma-dominated landscapes store considerable amounts of organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and are vulnerable to degradation under climate warming. We investigate the C and N pools in two thermokarst-affected yedoma landscapes - on Sobo-Sise Island and on Bykovsky Peninsula in the north of eastern Siberia. Soil cores up to 3m depth were collected along geomorphic gradients and analysed for organic C and N contents. A high vertical sampling density in the profiles allowed the calculation of C and N stocks for short soil column intervals and enhanced understanding of within-core parameter variability. Profile-level C and N stocks were scaled to the landscape level based on landform classifications from 5 m resolution, multispectral RapidEye satellite imagery. Mean landscape C and N storage in the first metre of soil for Sobo-Sise Island is estimated to be 20.2 kg C m(-2) and 1.8 kg N m(-2) and for Bykovsky Peninsula 25.9 kg C m(-2) and 2.2 kg N m(-2). Radiocarbon dating demonstrates the Holocene age of thermokarst basin deposits but also suggests the presence of thick Holoceneage cover layers which can reach up to 2 m on top of intact yedoma landforms. Reconstructed sedimentation rates of 0.10-0.57 mm yr(-1) suggest sustained mineral soil accumulation across all investigated landforms. Both yedoma and thermokarst landforms are characterized by limited accumulation of organic soil layers (peat). We further estimate that an active layer deepening of about 100 cm will increase organic C availability in a seasonally thawed state in the two study areas by similar to 5.8 Tg (13.2 kg C m(-2)). Our study demonstrates the importance of increasing the number of C and N storage inventories in ice-rich yedoma and thermokarst environments in order to account for high variability of permafrost and thermokarst environments in pan-permafrost soil C and N pool estimates.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-953-2018
SN  - 1726-4170
SN  - 1726-4189
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
SP  - 953
EP  - 971
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Trautmann, Justin
A1  - Zhou, Lin
A1  - Brahms, Clemens Markus
A1  - Tunca, Can
A1  - Ersoy, Cem
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Arnrich, Bert
T1  - TRIPOD
BT  - A treadmill walking dataset with IMU, pressure-distribution  and photoelectric data for gait analysis
JF  - Data : open access ʻData in scienceʼ journal
N2  - Inertial measurement units (IMUs) enable easy to operate and low-cost data recording for gait analysis. When combined with treadmill walking, a large number of steps can be collected in a controlled environment without the need of a dedicated gait analysis laboratory. In order to evaluate existing and novel IMU-based gait analysis algorithms for treadmill walking, a reference dataset that includes IMU data as well as reliable ground truth measurements for multiple participants and walking speeds is needed. This article provides a reference dataset consisting of 15 healthy young adults who walked on a treadmill at three different speeds. Data were acquired using seven IMUs placed on the lower body, two different reference systems (Zebris FDMT-HQ and OptoGait), and two RGB cameras. Additionally, in order to validate an existing IMU-based gait analysis algorithm using the dataset, an adaptable modular data analysis pipeline was built. Our results show agreement between the pressure-sensitive Zebris and the photoelectric OptoGait system (r = 0.99), demonstrating the quality of our reference data. As a use case, the performance of an algorithm originally designed for overground walking was tested on treadmill data using the data pipeline. The accuracy of stride length and stride time estimations was comparable to that reported in other studies with overground data, indicating that the algorithm is equally applicable to treadmill data. The Python source code of the data pipeline is publicly available, and the dataset will be provided by the authors upon request, enabling future evaluations of IMU gait analysis algorithms without the need of recording new data.
KW  - inertial measurement unit
KW  - gait analysis algorithm
KW  - OptoGait
KW  - Zebris
KW  - data pipeline
KW  - public dataset
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/data6090095
SN  - 2306-5729
VL  - 6
IS  - 9
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ronkainen, Noora J.
A1  - Pesola, Arto J.
A1  - Tikkanen, Olli
A1  - Brand, Ralf
T1  - Continuity and discontinuity of sport and exercise type during the COVID-19 pandemic
BT  - An exploratory study of effects on mood
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Involvement in sport and exercise not only provides participants with health benefits but can be an important aspect of living a meaningful life. The COVID-19 pandemic and the temporary cessation of public life in March/April/May 2020 came with restrictions, which probably also made it difficult, if not impossible, to participate in certain types of sport or exercise. Following the philosophical position that different types of sport and exercise offer different ways of "relating to the world," this study explored (dis)continuity in the type of sport and exercise people practiced during the pandemic-related lockdown, and possible effects on mood. Data from a survey of 601 adult exercisers, collected shortly after the COVID-19 outbreak in Finland, were analyzed. Approximately one third (35%) of the participants changed their "worldmaking" and shifted to "I-Nature"-type activities. We observed worse mood during the pandemic in those who shifted from "I-Me," compared to those who had preferred the "I-Nature" relation already before the pandemic and thus experienced continuity. The clouded mood of those experiencing discontinuity may be the result of a temporary loss of "feeling at home" in their new exercise life-world. However, further empirical investigation must follow, because the observed effect sizes were small.
KW  - exercise behavior
KW  - being-in-the-world
KW  - lockdown
KW  - worldmaking
KW  - profile of
KW  - mood states
KW  - existential philosophy
KW  - affect
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.622876
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  -