TY - JOUR
A1 - Glerum, Anne
A1 - Brune, Sascha
A1 - Stamps, D. Sarah
A1 - Strecker, Manfred
T1 - Victoria continental microplate dynamics controlled by the lithospheric strength distribution of the East African Rift
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - The Victoria microplate between the Eastern and Western Branches of the East African Rift System is one of the largest continental microplates on Earth. In striking contrast to its neighboring plates, Victoria rotates counterclockwise with respect to Nubia. The underlying cause of this distinctive rotation has remained elusive so far. Using 3D numerical models, we investigate the role of pre-existing lithospheric heterogeneities in continental microplate rotation. We find that Victoria's rotation is primarily controlled by the distribution of rheologically stronger zones that transmit the drag of the major plates to the microplate and of the mechanically weaker mobile belts surrounding Victoria that facilitate rotation. Our models reproduce Victoria's GPS-derived counterclockwise rotation as well as key complexities of the regional tectonic stress field. These results reconcile competing ideas on the opening of the rift system by highlighting differences in orientation of the far-field divergence, local extension, and the minimum horizontal stress. One of the largest continental microplates on Earth is situated in the center of the East African Rift System, and oddly, the Victoria microplate rotates counterclockwise with respect to the neighboring African tectonic plate. Here, the authors' modelling results suggest that Victoria microplate rotation is caused by edge-driven lithospheric processes related to the specific geometry of rheologically weak and strong regions.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16176-x
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 11
IS - 1
PB - Nature Publishing Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Kazepov, Yuri
ED - Verwiebe, Roland
T1 - Vienna
BT - Still a just city?
T3 - Built environment city studies
N2 - This book explores and debates the urban transformations that have taken place in Vienna over the past 30 years and their consequences in policy fields such as labour and housing, political and social participation and the environment. Historically, European cities have been characterised by a strong association between social cohesion, quality of life, economic ambition and a robust State. Vienna is an excellent example for that. In more recent years, however, cities were pressured to change policy principles and mechanisms in the context of demographic shifts, post-industrial transformations and welfare recalibration which have led to worsened social conditions in many cities. Each chapter in this volume discusses Vienna's responses to these pressures in key policy arenas, looking at outcomes from the context-specific local arrangements. Against a theoretical framework debating the European city as a model of inclusion and social justice, authors explore the local capacity to innovate urban policies and to address new social risks, while paying attention to potential trade-offs.
The book questions and assesses the city's resilience using time series and an institutional analysis of four key dimensions that characterise the European city model within the context of post-industrial transition: redistribution, recognition, representation and sustainability. It offers a multiscalar perspective of urban governance through labour, housing, participatory and environmental policies, bringing together different levels and public policy types.
KW - Built Environment
KW - Environment and Sustainability
KW - Geography
KW - Social Sciences
KW - Urban Studies
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-0-367-68011-4
SN - 978-1-003133-82-7
SN - 978-0-367-68013-8
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003133827
PB - Routledge
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Scheffler, Christiane
A1 - Nguyen, Thi Hong
A1 - Hermanussen, Michael
T1 - Vietnamese migrants are as tall as they want to be
JF - Human biology and public health
N2 - Background: Members of the same social group tent to have the same body height. Migrants tend to adjust in height to their host communities.
Objectives: Social-Economic-Political-Emotional (SEPE) factors influence growth. We hypothesized that Vietnamese young adult migrants in Germany (1) are taller than their parents, (2) are as tall as their German peers, and (3) are as tall as predicted by height expectation at age 13 years.
Sample: The study was conducted in 30 male and 54 female Vietnamese migrants (mean age 26.23 years. SD=4.96) in Germany in 2020.
Methods: Information on age, sex, body height, school and education, job, height and ethnicity of best friend, migration history and cultural identification, parental height and education, and recalled information on their personal height expectations at age 13 years were obtained by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by St. Nicolas House Analysis (SNHA) and multiple regression.
Results: Vietnamese young adults are taller than their parents (females 3.85cm, males 7.44cm), but do not fully attain height of their German peers. The body height is positively associated with the height of best friend (p < 0.001), the height expectation at age 13 year (p < 0.001), and father’s height (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Body height of Vietnamese migrants in Germany reflects competitive growth and strategic growth adjustments. The magnitude of this intergenerational trend supports the concept that human growth depends on SEPE factors.
KW - body height
KW - regulation of growth
KW - migrants
KW - Social-Economic-Political-Emotional (SEPE) factors
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.52905/hbph.v2.12
SN - 2748-9957
IS - 2
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pawassar, Christian Matthias
A1 - Tiberius, Victor
T1 - Virtual reality in health care
BT - Bibliometric analysis
JF - JMIR Serious Games
N2 - Background:
Research into the application of virtual reality technology in the health care sector has rapidly increased, resulting in a large body of research that is difficult to keep up with.
Objective:
We will provide an overview of the annual publication numbers in this field and the most productive and influential countries, journals, and authors, as well as the most used, most co-occurring, and most recent keywords.
Methods:
Based on a data set of 356 publications and 20,363 citations derived from Web of Science, we conducted a bibliometric analysis using BibExcel, HistCite, and VOSviewer.
Results:
The strongest growth in publications occurred in 2020, accounting for 29.49% of all publications so far. The most productive countries are the United States, the United Kingdom, and Spain; the most influential countries are the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. The most productive journals are the Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR), JMIR Serious Games, and the Games for Health Journal; the most influential journals are Patient Education and Counselling, Medical Education, and Quality of Life Research. The most productive authors are Riva, del Piccolo, and Schwebel; the most influential authors are Finset, del Piccolo, and Eide. The most frequently occurring keywords other than “virtual” and “reality” are “training,” “trial,” and “patients.” The most relevant research themes are communication, education, and novel treatments; the most recent research trends are fitness and exergames.
Conclusions:
The analysis shows that the field has left its infant state and its specialization is advancing, with a clear focus on patient usability.
KW - virtual reality
KW - healthcare
KW - bibliometric analysis
KW - literature review
KW - citation analysis
KW - VR
KW - usability
KW - review
KW - health care
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.2196/32721
SN - 2291-9279
VL - 9
SP - 1
EP - 19
PB - JMIR Publications
CY - Toronto, Kanada
ET - 4
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Witte, Leonie
A1 - Linnemannstoens, Karen
A1 - Honemann-Capito, Mona
A1 - Groß, Julia Christina
T1 - Visualization and quantitation of Wg trafficking in the Drosophila wing imaginal epithelium
JF - Bio-protocol
N2 - Secretory Wnt trafficking can be studied in the polarized epithelial monolayer of Drosophila wing imaginal discs (WID). In this tissue, Wg (Drosophila Wnt-I) is presented on the apical surface of its source cells before being internalized into the endosomal pathway. Long-range Wg secretion and spread depend on secondary secretion from endosomal compartments, but the exact post-endocytic fate of Wg is poorly understood. Here, we summarize and present three protocols for the immunofluorescencebased visualization and quantitation of different pools of intracellular and extracellular Wg in WID: (1) steady-state extracellular Wg; (2) dynamic Wg trafficking inside endosomal compartments; and (3) dynamic Wg release to the cell surface. Using a genetic driver system for gene manipulation specifically at the posterior part of the WID (EnGal4) provides a robust internal control that allows for direct comparison of signal intensities of control and manipulated compartments of the same WID. Therefore, it also circumvents the high degree of staining variability usually associated with whole-tissue samples. In combination with the genetic manipulation of Wg pathway components that is easily feasible in Drosophila, these methods provide a tool-set for the dissection of secretory Wg trafficking and can help us to understand how Wnt proteins travel along endosomal compartments for short-and long-range signal secretion.
KW - Wingless/Wnt secretion
KW - Morphogen signaling
KW - Drosophila wing imaginal disc
KW - Recycling assay
KW - Extracelluar wingless
KW - Imaginal disc dissection
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.4040
SN - 2331-8325
VL - 11
IS - 11
PB - bio-protocol.org
CY - Sunnyvale, CA
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - García Bonillas, Rodrigo
T1 - Viva Babel : Long live Babel
BT - Rezension zu: Lisboa de Mello, Ana Maria; Andrade, Antonio. (eds.)., Translinguismo e Poéticas do Contemporâneo. - Rio de Janeiro: 7 Letras, 2019. - 194 p. - ISBN: 978-85-421-0848-4
JF - Alea : estudos neolatinos
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-106X/2021232344350
SN - 1517-106X
SN - 1807-0299
VL - 23
IS - 2
SP - 344
EP - 350
PB - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Letras
CY - Rio de Janeiro RJ
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rubertus, Elina
A1 - Noiray, Aude
T1 - Vocalic activation width decreases across childhood
BT - Evidence from carryover coarticulation
JF - Laboratory Phonology
N2 - This study is the first to use kinematic data to assess lingual carryover coarticulation in children. We investigated whether the developmental decrease previously attested in anticipatory coarticulation, as well as the relation between coarticulatory degree and the consonantal context, also characterize carryover coarticulation. Sixty-two children and 13 adults, all native speakers of German, were recruited according to five age cohorts: three-year-olds, four-year-olds, five-year-olds, seven-year-olds, and adults. Tongue movements during the production of ə.CV.Cə utterances (C = /b, d, g/, V = /i, y, e, a, o, u/) were recorded with ultrasound. We measured vowel-induced horizontal displacement of the tongue dorsum within the last syllable and compared the resulting coarticulatory patterns between age cohorts and consonantal contexts. Results indicate that the degree of vocalic carryover coarticulation decreases with age. Vocalic prominence within an utterance as well as its change across childhood depended on the postvocalic consonant’s articulatory demands for the tongue dorsum (i.e., its coarticulatory resistance): Low resistant /b/ and /g/ allowed for more vocalic perseveration and a continuous decrease, while the highly resistant /d/ displayed lower coarticulation degrees and discontinuous effects. These findings parallel those in anticipation suggesting a similar organization of anticipatory and carryover coarticulation. Implications for theories of speech production are discussed.
KW - language acquisition
KW - coarticulation
KW - carryover effects
KW - vowels
KW - gestural organization
KW - speech motor control
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5334/labphon.228
SN - 1868-6346
SN - 1868-6354
VL - 11
IS - 1
PB - de Gruyter Mouton
CY - Berlin, New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hecker, Pascal
A1 - Steckhan, Nico
A1 - Eyben, Florian
A1 - Schuller, Björn Wolfgang
A1 - Arnrich, Bert
T1 - Voice Analysis for Neurological Disorder Recognition – A Systematic Review and Perspective on Emerging Trends
JF - Frontiers in Digital Health
N2 - Quantifying neurological disorders from voice is a rapidly growing field of research and holds promise for unobtrusive and large-scale disorder monitoring. The data recording setup and data analysis pipelines are both crucial aspects to effectively obtain relevant information from participants. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to provide a high-level overview of practices across various neurological disorders and highlight emerging trends. PRISMA-based literature searches were conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore to identify publications in which original (i.e., newly recorded) datasets were collected. Disorders of interest were psychiatric as well as neurodegenerative disorders, such as bipolar disorder, depression, and stress, as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease, and speech impairments (aphasia, dysarthria, and dysphonia). Of the 43 retrieved studies, Parkinson's disease is represented most prominently with 19 discovered datasets. Free speech and read speech tasks are most commonly used across disorders. Besides popular feature extraction toolkits, many studies utilise custom-built feature sets. Correlations of acoustic features with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are presented. In terms of analysis, statistical analysis for significance of individual features is commonly used, as well as predictive modeling approaches, especially with support vector machines and a small number of artificial neural networks. An emerging trend and recommendation for future studies is to collect data in everyday life to facilitate longitudinal data collection and to capture the behavior of participants more naturally. Another emerging trend is to record additional modalities to voice, which can potentially increase analytical performance.
KW - neurological disorders
KW - voice
KW - speech
KW - everyday life
KW - multiple modalities
KW - machine learning
KW - disorder recognition
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.842301
SN - 2673-253X
PB - Frontiers Media SA
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ermolina, Alena
A1 - Tiberius, Victor
T1 - Voice-controlled intelligent personal assistants in health care
BT - International Delphi Study
JF - Journal of medical internet research : international scientific journal for medical research, information and communication on the internet ; JMIR
N2 - Background: Voice-controlled intelligent personal assistants (VIPAs), such as Amazon Echo and Google Home, involve artificial intelligence-powered algorithms designed to simulate humans. Their hands-free interface and growing capabilities have a wide range of applications in health care, covering off-clinic education, health monitoring, and communication. However, conflicting factors, such as patient safety and privacy concerns, make it difficult to foresee the further development of VIPAs in health care.
Objective: This study aimed to develop a plausible scenario for the further development of VIPAs in health care to support decision making regarding the procurement of VIPAs in health care organizations. Methods: We conducted a two-stage Delphi study with an internationally recruited panel consisting of voice assistant experts, medical professionals, and representatives of academia, governmental health authorities, and nonprofit health associations having expertise with voice technology. Twenty projections were formulated and evaluated by the panelists. Descriptive statistics were used to derive the desired scenario.
Results: The panelists expect VIPAs to be able to provide solid medical advice based on patients' personal health information and to have human-like conversations. However, in the short term, voice assistants might neither provide frustration-free user experience nor outperform or replace humans in health care. With a high level of consensus, the experts agreed with the potential of VIPAs to support elderly people and be widely used as anamnesis, informational, self-therapy, and communication tools by patients and health care professionals. Although users' and governments' privacy concerns are not expected to decrease in the near future, the panelists believe that strict regulations capable of preventing VIPAs from providing medical help services will not be imposed.
Conclusions: According to the surveyed experts, VIPAs will show notable technological development and gain more user trust in the near future, resulting in widespread application in health care. However, voice assistants are expected to solely support health care professionals in their daily operations and will not be able to outperform or replace medical staff.
KW - Delphi study
KW - medical informatics
KW - voice-controlled intelligent personal
KW - assistants
KW - internet of things
KW - smart devices
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.2196/25312
SN - 1438-8871
VL - 23
IS - 4
PB - Healthcare World
CY - Richmond, Va.
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Struß, Lukas
ED - Kollodzeiski, Ulrike
ED - Hafner, Johann Evangelist
T1 - Von Koscher bis Frutarismus
BT - Eine Themenwoche in der Mensa am Neuen Palais – Interview mit dem Mensachef
T2 - Du sollst nicht essen: Warum Menschen auf Nahrung verzichten – interdisziplinäre Zugänge
Y1 - 2024
SN - 978-3-98740-007-0
SN - 978-3-98740-008-7
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783987400087
SP - 161
EP - 168
PB - Ergon Verlag
CY - Baden-Baden
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ambühl, Annemarie
ED - Ambühl, Annemarie
T1 - Vorwort: tessellae
JF - thersites 11: tessellae – Birthday Issue for Christine Walde
N2 - Prolegomena to thersites 11, "tessellae – Birthday Issue for Christine Walde"
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol11.185
SN - 2364-7612
VL - 2020
IS - 11
SP - i
EP - vi
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C.
A1 - Schuppert, Fabian
T1 - Was ist Geschlechtergerechtigkeit?
T1 - What is gender-justice?
BT - eine nicht-ideale Annäherung
BT - a non-ideal approach
JF - Zeitschrift für Praktische Philosophie
N2 - In Decolonizing Universalism: A Transnational Feminist Ethic zielt Serene Khader auf eine Neuausrichtung der feministischen Perspektive, welche es schafft, dekolonial und anti-imperialistisch zu sein, ohne gleichzeitig dem Universalismus komplett abzuschwören. Die Motivation hinter dieser Neuorientierung ist die Einsicht, dass der liberale moralische Universalismus oftmals kulturelle Vorherrschaft und Imperialismus verstärkt. In diesem Kommentar wollen wir (a) uns mit der Frage beschäftigen, was genau unter Geschlechtergerechtigkeit verstanden werden soll und welcher Maßstab zur Beantwortung der Frage nach Gerechtigkeit angebracht ist und (b) einige Ideen zum Unterschied zwischen idealer und nicht-idealer Theorie liefern.
N2 - In Decolonizing Universalism: A Transnational Feminist Ethic, Serene Khader aims to reorient the feminist perspective, which manages to be decolonial and anti-imperialist without completely renouncing universalism. The motivation behind this reorientation is the realization that liberal moral universalism often reinforces cultural domination and imperialism. In this commentary, we will (a) address the question of what exactly is meant by gender justice and what is the appropriate standard for answering the question of justice, and (b) provide some ideas about the difference between ideal and non-ideal theory.
KW - nicht-ideale Theorie
KW - Geschlechtergerechtigkeit
KW - feministische Philosophie
KW - Universalismus
KW - dekoloniale Theorie
KW - non-ideal theory
KW - gender-justice
KW - feminist philosophy
KW - universalism
KW - decolonial theory
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.22613/zfpp/9.1.13
SN - 2409-9961
VL - 9
IS - 1
SP - 315
EP - 328
PB - Universität Salzburg
CY - Salzburg
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Francke, Till
A1 - Förster, Saskia
A1 - Brosinsky, Arlena
A1 - Sommerer, Erik
A1 - Lopez-Tarazonl, Jose Andres
A1 - Güntner, Andreas
A1 - Batalla, Ramon J.
A1 - Bronstert, Axel
T1 - Water and sediment fluxes in Mediterranean mountainous regions
BT - comprehensive dataset for hydro-sedimentological analyses and modelling in a mesoscale catchment (River Isabena, NE Spain)
JF - Earth System Science Data
N2 - A comprehensive hydro-sedimentological dataset for the Isabena catchment, northeastern (NE) Spain, for the period 2010-2018 is presented to analyse water and sediment fluxes in a Mediterranean mesoscale catchment. The dataset includes rainfall data from 12 rain gauges distributed within the study area complemented by meteorological data of 12 official meteo-stations. It comprises discharge data derived from water stage measurements as well as suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) at six gauging stations of the River Isabena and its sub-catchments. Soil spectroscopic data from 351 suspended sediment samples and 152 soil samples were collected to characterize sediment source regions and sediment properties via fingerprinting analyses. The Isabena catchment (445 km(2)) is located in the southern central Pyrenees ranging from 450 m to 2720 m a.s.l.; together with a pronounced topography, this leads to distinct temperature and precipitation gradients. The River Isabena shows marked discharge variations and high sediment yields causing severe siltation problems in the downstream Barasona Reservoir. The main sediment source is badland areas located on Eocene marls that are well connected to the river network. The dataset features a comprehensive set of variables in a high spatial and temporal resolution suitable for the advanced process understanding of water and sediment fluxes, their origin and connectivity and sediment budgeting and for the evaluation and further development of hydro-sedimentological models in Mediterranean mesoscale mountainous catchments.
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1063-2018
SN - 1866-3508
SN - 1866-3516
VL - 10
IS - 2
SP - 1063
EP - 1075
PB - Copernicus
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Middelanis, Robin
A1 - Willner, Sven N.
A1 - Otto, Christian
A1 - Kuhla, Kilian
A1 - Quante, Lennart
A1 - Levermann, Anders
T1 - Wave-like global economic ripple response to Hurricane Sandy
JF - Environmental research letters : ERL / Institute of Physics
N2 - Tropical cyclones range among the costliest disasters on Earth. Their economic repercussions along the supply and trade network also affect remote economies that are not directly affected. We here simulate possible global repercussions on consumption for the example case of Hurricane Sandy in the US (2012) using the shock-propagation model Acclimate. The modeled shock yields a global three-phase ripple: an initial production demand reduction and associated consumption price decrease, followed by a supply shortage with increasing prices, and finally a recovery phase. Regions with strong trade relations to the US experience strong magnitudes of the ripple. A dominating demand reduction or supply shortage leads to overall consumption gains or losses of a region, respectively. While finding these repercussions in historic data is challenging due to strong volatility of economic interactions, numerical models like ours can help to identify them by approaching the problem from an exploratory angle, isolating the effect of interest. For this, our model simulates the economic interactions of over 7000 regional economic sectors, interlinked through about 1.8 million trade relations. Under global warming, the wave-like structures of the economic response to major hurricanes like the one simulated here are likely to intensify and potentially overlap with other weather extremes.
KW - supply chains
KW - Hurricane Sandy
KW - economic ripples
KW - extreme weather
KW - impacts
KW - loss propagation
KW - natural disasters
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac39c0
SN - 1748-9326
VL - 16
IS - 12
PB - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY - Bristol
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Gagrčin, Emilija
A1 - Schaetz, Nadja
A1 - Rakowski, Niklas
A1 - Toth, Roland
A1 - Renz, André
A1 - Vladova, Gergana
A1 - Emmer, Martin
T1 - We and AI
BT - living in a datafied world : experiences & attitudes of young Europeans
KW - sociology & anthropology
KW - technology (applied sciences)
KW - sociology of science
KW - sociology of technology
KW - research on science and technology
KW - technology assessment
KW - artificial intelligence
KW - digitalization
KW - educational technology
KW - decision making
KW - data security
KW - monitoring
KW - data protection
KW - automation
KW - Europe
KW - attitude
KW - young adult
KW - technological change
KW - new technology
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.34669/wi/1
PB - Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society - the German Internet
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Ermakova, Tatiana
A1 - Fabian, Benjamin
A1 - Bender, Benedict
A1 - Klimek, Kerstin
T1 - Web Tracking
BT - a literature review on the state of research
T2 - Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 51)
N2 - Web tracking seems to become ubiquitous in online business and leads to increased privacy concerns of users. This paper provides an overview over the current state of the art of web-tracking research, aiming to reveal the relevance and methodologies of this research area and creates a foundation for future work. In particular, this study addresses the following research questions: What methods are followed? What results have been achieved so far? What are potential future research areas? For these goals, a structured literature review based upon an established methodological framework is conducted. The identified articles are investigated with respect to the applied research methodologies and the aspects of web tracking they emphasize.
KW - Information Security and Privacy
KW - literature review
KW - privacy
KW - web-tracking
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2018.596
SN - 2572-6862
SP - 4732
EP - 4741
PB - HICSS Conference Office University of Hawaii at Manoa
CY - Maile Way
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wagner, Birgit
A1 - Rosenberg, Nicole
A1 - Hofmann, Laura
A1 - Maaß, Ulrike
T1 - Web-based bereavement care
BT - a systematic review and meta-analysis
JF - Frontiers in psychiatry
N2 - Background:
Web-based interventions have been introduced as novel and effective treatments for mental disorders and, in recent years, specifically for the bereaved. However, a systematic summary of the effectiveness of online interventions for people experiencing bereavement is still missing.
Objective:
A systematic literature search was conducted by four reviewers who reviewed and meta-analytically summarized the evidence for web-based interventions for bereaved people.
Methods:
Systematic searches (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, Medline, and CINAHL) resulted in seven randomized controlled trials (N= 1,257) that addressed adults having experienced bereavement using internet-based interventions. We used random effects models to summarize treatment effects for between-group comparisons (treatmentvs.control at post) and stability over time (postvs.follow-up).
Results:
All web-based interventions were based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). In comparison with control groups, the interventions showed moderate (g= .54) to large effects (g= .86) for symptoms of grief and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), respectively. The effect for depression was small (g= .44). All effects were stable over time. A higher number of treatment sessions achieved higher effects for grief symptoms and more individual feedback increased effects for depression. Other moderators (i.e.dropout rate, time since loss, exposure) did not significantly reduce moderate degrees of heterogeneity between the studies.
Limitations:
The number of includable studies was low in this review resulting to lower power for moderator analyses in particular.
Conclusions:
Overall, the results of web-based bereavement interventions are promising, and its low-threshold approach might reduce barriers to bereavement care. Nonetheless, future research should further examine potential moderators and specific treatment components (e.g.exposure, feedback) and compare interventions with active controls.
KW - grief
KW - bereavement
KW - depression
KW - post-traumatic stress disorder
KW - internet
KW - e-health
KW - intervention
KW - psychotherapy
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00525
SN - 1664-0640
VL - 11
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hoffmann, Julia
A1 - Hölker, Franz
A1 - Eccard, Jana
T1 - Welcome to the dark side
BT - partial nighttime illumination affects night-and daytime foraging behavior of a small mammal
JF - Frontiers in ecology and evolution
N2 - Differences in natural light conditions caused by changes in moonlight are known to affect perceived predation risk in many nocturnal prey species. As artificial light at night (ALAN) is steadily increasing in space and intensity, it has the potential to change movement and foraging behavior of many species as it might increase perceived predation risk and mask natural light cycles. We investigated if partial nighttime illumination leads to changes in foraging behavior during the night and the subsequent day in a small mammal and whether these changes are related to animal personalities. We subjected bank voles to partial nighttime illumination in a foraging landscape under laboratory conditions and in large grassland enclosures under near natural conditions. We measured giving-up density of food in illuminated and dark artificial seed patches and video recorded the movement of animals. While animals reduced number of visits to illuminated seed patches at night, they increased visits to these patches at the following day compared to dark seed patches. Overall, bold individuals had lower giving-up densities than shy individuals but this difference increased at day in formerly illuminated seed patches. Small mammals thus showed carry-over effects on daytime foraging behavior due to ALAN, i.e., nocturnal illumination has the potential to affect intra- and interspecific interactions during both night and day with possible changes in personality structure within populations and altered predator-prey dynamics.
KW - light pollution
KW - inter-individual differences
KW - animal personality
KW - Myodes glareolus
KW - ALAN
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.779825
SN - 2296-701X
VL - 9
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hoffmann, Julia
A1 - Hölker, Franz
A1 - Eccard, Jana
T1 - Welcome to the Dark Side
BT - Partial Nighttime Illumination Affects Night-and Daytime Foraging Behavior of a Small Mammal
JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2 - Differences in natural light conditions caused by changes in moonlight are known to affect perceived predation risk in many nocturnal prey species. As artificial light at night (ALAN) is steadily increasing in space and intensity, it has the potential to change movement and foraging behavior of many species as it might increase perceived predation risk and mask natural light cycles. We investigated if partial nighttime illumination leads to changes in foraging behavior during the night and the subsequent day in a small mammal and whether these changes are related to animal personalities. We subjected bank voles to partial nighttime illumination in a foraging landscape under laboratory conditions and in large grassland enclosures under near natural conditions. We measured giving-up density of food in illuminated and dark artificial seed patches and video recorded the movement of animals. While animals reduced number of visits to illuminated seed patches at night, they increased visits to these patches at the following day compared to dark seed patches. Overall, bold individuals had lower giving-up densities than shy individuals but this difference increased at day in formerly illuminated seed patches. Small mammals thus showed carry-over effects on daytime foraging behavior due to ALAN, i.e., nocturnal illumination has the potential to affect intra- and interspecific interactions during both night and day with possible changes in personality structure within populations and altered predator-prey dynamics.
KW - light pollution
KW - inter-individual differences
KW - animal personality
KW - Myodes glareolus
KW - ALAN
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.779825
SN - 2296-701X
VL - 9
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Boeker, Sonja
A1 - Hermanussen, Michael
A1 - Scheffler, Christiane
ED - Scheffler, Christiane
ED - Koziel, Slawomir
ED - Hermanussen, Michael
ED - Bogin, Barry
T1 - Westernization of self-perception in modern affluent Indonesian school children
T2 - Human Biology and Public Health
N2 - Background
Subjective Social Status is used as an important predictor for psychological and physiological findings, most commonly measured with the MacArthur Scale (Ladder Test). Previous studies have shown that this test fits better in Western cultures. The idea of a social ladder itself and ranking oneself “higher” or “lower” is a concept that accords to the Western thinking.
Objectives
We hypothesize that in a culture where only the elites have adapted to a Western lifestyle, the test results reflect a higher level of accuracy for this stratum. We also expect that self-perception differs per sex.
Sample and Methods
We implemented the Ladder Test in a study of Indonesian schoolchildren aged between 5 and 13 years (boys N = 369, girls N= 364) from non-private and private schools in Kupang in 2020.
Results
Our analysis showed that the Ladder Test results were according to the Western expectations only for the private school, as the Ladder Scores significantly decreased with age (LM: p = 0.04). The Ladder Test results are best explained by “Education Father” for the non-private school pupils (p = 0.01) and all boys (p = 0.04), by “School Grades” for the private school cohort (p = 0.06) and by “Household Score” for girls (p =0.09).
Conclusion
This finding indicates that the concept of ranking oneself “high” or “low” on a social ladder is strongly implicated with Western ideas. A ladder implies social movement by “climbing” up or down. According to that, reflection of self-perception is influenced by culture.
KW - self-perception
KW - social status
KW - westernization
KW - cultural dependence
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.52905/hbph.v1.4
SN - 2748-9957
VL - 2021
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -