TY - JOUR
A1 - Heissel, Andreas
A1 - Sanchez, Alba
A1 - Pietrek, Anou F.
A1 - Bergau, Theresa
A1 - Stielow, Christiane
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Van der Kaap-Deeder, Jolene
T1 - Validating the German Short Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale in Individuals with Depression
JF - Healthcare
N2 - Satisfaction and frustration of the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, as assessed with the 24-item Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS), have been found to be crucial indicators of individuals’ psychological health. To increase the usability of this scale within a clinical and health services research context, we aimed to validate a German short version (12 items) of this scale in individuals with depression including the examination of the relations from need frustration and need satisfaction to ill-being and quality of life (QOL). This cross-sectional study involved 344 adults diagnosed with depression (Mage (SD) = 47.5 years (11.1); 71.8% females). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the short version of the BPNSFS was not only reliable, but also fitted a six-factor structure (i.e., satisfaction/frustration X type of need). Subsequent structural equation modeling showed that need frustration related positively to indicators of ill-being and negatively to QOL. Surprisingly, need satisfaction did not predict differences in ill-being or QOL. The short form of the BPNSFS represents a practical instrument to measure need satisfaction and frustration in people with depression. Further, the results support recent evidence on the importance of especially need frustration in the prediction of psychopathology.
KW - basic psychological need frustration
KW - need satisfaction
KW - mental health
KW - ill-being
KW - depression
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030412
SN - 2227-9032
VL - 11
IS - 3
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wyckmans, Florent
A1 - Otto, A. Ross
A1 - Sebold, Miriam
A1 - Daw, Nathaniel
A1 - Bechara, Antoine
A1 - Saeremans, Mélanie
A1 - Kornreich, Charles
A1 - Chatard, Armand
A1 - Jaafari, Nemat
A1 - Noël, Xavier
T1 - Reduced model-based decision-making in gambling disorder
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - Compulsive behaviors (e.g., addiction) can be viewed as an aberrant decision process where inflexible reactions automatically evoked by stimuli (habit) take control over decision making to the detriment of a more flexible (goal-oriented) behavioral learning system. These behaviors are thought to arise from learning algorithms known as "model-based" and "model-free" reinforcement learning. Gambling disorder, a form of addiction without the confound of neurotoxic effects of drugs, showed impaired goal-directed control but the way in which problem gamblers (PG) orchestrate model-based and model-free strategies has not been evaluated. Forty-nine PG and 33 healthy participants (CP) completed a two-step sequential choice task for which model-based and model-free learning have distinct and identifiable trial-by-trial learning signatures. The influence of common psychopathological comorbidities on those two forms of learning were investigated. PG showed impaired model-based learning, particularly after unrewarded outcomes. In addition, PG exhibited faster reaction times than CP following unrewarded decisions. Troubled mood, higher impulsivity (i.e., positive and negative urgency) and current and chronic stress reported via questionnaires did not account for those results. These findings demonstrate specific reinforcement learning and decision-making deficits in behavioral addiction that advances our understanding and may be important dimensions for designing effective interventions.
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56161-z
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 9
PB - Nature Publ. Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kaminski, Jakob A.
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Awasthi, Swapnil
A1 - Ruggeri, Barbara
A1 - Deserno, Lorenz
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Bokde, Arun L. W.
A1 - Bromberg, Uli
A1 - Büchel, Christian
A1 - Quinlan, Erin Burke
A1 - Desrivieres, Sylvane
A1 - Flor, Herta
A1 - Frouin, Vincent
A1 - Garavan, Hugh
A1 - Gowland, Penny
A1 - Ittermann, Bernd
A1 - Martinot, Jean-Luc
A1 - Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere
A1 - Nees, Frauke
A1 - Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos
A1 - Paus, Tomas
A1 - Poustka, Luise
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Fröhner, Juliane H.
A1 - Walter, Henrik
A1 - Whelan, Robert
A1 - Ripke, Stephan
A1 - Schumann, Gunter
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
T1 - Epigenetic variance in dopamine D2 receptor
BT - a marker of IQ malleability?
JF - Translational Psychiatry
N2 - Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to cognitive test performance. A substantial increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century within one generation is unlikely to be explained by genetic changes. One possible explanation for the strong malleability of cognitive performance measure is that environmental factors modify gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic factors may help to understand the recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events. The possible manifestation of malleable biomarkers contributing to variance in cognitive test performance, and thus possibly contributing to the "missing heritability" between estimates from twin studies and variance explained by genetic markers, is still unclear. Here we show in 1475 healthy adolescents from the IMaging and GENetics (IMAGEN) sample that general IQ (gIQ) is associated with (1) polygenic scores for intelligence, (2) epigenetic modification of DRD2 gene, (3) gray matter density in striatum, and (4) functional striatal activation elicited by temporarily surprising reward-predicting cues. Comparing the relative importance for the prediction of gIQ in an overlapping subsample, our results demonstrate neurobiological correlates of the malleability of gIQ and point to equal importance of genetic variance, epigenetic modification of DRD2 receptor gene, as well as functional striatal activation, known to influence dopamine neurotransmission. Peripheral epigenetic markers are in need of confirmation in the central nervous system and should be tested in longitudinal settings specifically assessing individual and environmental factors that modify epigenetic structure.
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-018-0222-7
SN - 2158-3188
VL - 8
PB - Nature Publ. Group
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Herold, Fabian
A1 - Theobald, Paula
A1 - Gronwald, Thomas
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Müller, Notger Germar
T1 - Going digital – a commentary on the terminology used at the intersection of physical activity and digital health
JF - European review of aging and physical activity
N2 - In recent years digital technologies have become a major means for providing health-related services and this trend was strongly reinforced by the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As it is well-known that regular physical activity has positive effects on individual physical and mental health and thus is an important prerequisite for healthy aging, digital technologies are also increasingly used to promote unstructured and structured forms of physical activity. However, in the course of this development, several terms (e.g., Digital Health, Electronic Health, Mobile Health, Telehealth, Telemedicine, and Telerehabilitation) have been introduced to refer to the application of digital technologies to provide health-related services such as physical interventions. Unfortunately, the above-mentioned terms are often used in several different ways, but also relatively interchangeably. Given that ambiguous terminology is a major source of difficulty in scientific communication which can impede the progress of theoretical and empirical research, this article aims to make the reader aware of the subtle differences between the relevant terms which are applied at the intersection of physical activity and Digital Health and to provide state-of-art definitions for them.
KW - Digital Health
KW - Electronic Health
KW - Mobile Health
KW - Telehealth
KW - Telemedicine
KW - Physical activity
KW - Physical training
KW - Aging
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-022-00296-y
SN - 1861-6909
VL - 19
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heißel, Andreas
A1 - Bollmann, Julian
A1 - Kangas, Maria
A1 - Abdulla, K
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Sánchez Fernàndez, Alba Cristina
T1 - Validation of the German version of the work and social adjustment scale in a sample of depressed patients
JF - BMC health services research
N2 - Background
Depression is one of the key factors contributing to difficulties in one’s ability to work, and serves as one of the major reasons why employees apply for psychotherapy and receive insurance subsidization of treatments. Hence, an increasing and growing number of studies rely on workability assessment scales as their primary outcome measure. The Work and Social Assessment Scale (WSAS) has been documented as one of the most psychometrically reliable and valid tools especially developed to assess workability and social functioning in patients with mental health problems. Yet, the application of the WSAS in Germany has been limited due to the paucity of a valid questionnaire in the German language. The objective of the present study was to translate the WSAS, as a brief and easy administrable tool into German and test its psychometric properties in a sample of adults with depression.
Methods
Two hundred seventy-seven patients (M = 48.3 years, SD = 11.1) with mild to moderately severe depression were recruited. A multistep translation from English into the German language was performed and the factorial validity, criterion validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency, and floor and ceiling effects were examined.
Results
The confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed the one-factor structure of the WSAS. Significant correlations with the WHODAS 2–0 questionnaire, a measure of functionality, demonstrated good convergent validity. Significant correlations with depression and quality of life demonstrated good criterion validity. The WSAS also demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = .89), and the absence of floor and ceiling effects indicated good sensitivity of the instrument.
Conclusions
The results of the present study demonstrated that the German version of the WSAS has good psychometric properties comparable to other international versions of this scale. The findings recommend a global assessment of psychosocial functioning with the sum score of the WSAS.
KW - Workability
KW - Social functioning
KW - Depression
KW - Psychometric evaluation
KW - Translation
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06622-x
SN - 1472-6963
VL - 21
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - BioMed Central
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto
A1 - Schuch, Felipe Barreto
A1 - Zech, Philipp
A1 - Kangas, Maria
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Heißel, Andreas
T1 - Recreational exercising and self-reported cardiometabolic diseases in German people living with HIV
BT - A cross-sectional study
JF - International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH / Molecular Diversity Preservation International
N2 - Exercise is known for its beneficial effects on preventing cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) in the general population. People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are prone to sedentarism, thus raising their already elevated risk of developing CMDs in comparison to individuals without HIV. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine if exercise is associated with reduced risk of self-reported CMDs in a German HIV-positive sample (n = 446). Participants completed a self-report survey to assess exercise levels, date of HIV diagnosis, CD4 cell count, antiretroviral therapy, and CMDs. Participants were classified into exercising or sedentary conditions. Generalized linear models with Poisson regression were conducted to assess the prevalence ratio (PR) of PLWH reporting a CMD. Exercising PLWH were less likely to report a heart arrhythmia for every increase in exercise duration (PR: 0.20: 95% CI: 0.10–0.62, p < 0.01) and diabetes mellitus for every increase in exercise session per week (PR: 0.40: 95% CI: 0.10–1, p < 0.01). Exercise frequency and duration are associated with a decreased risk of reporting arrhythmia and diabetes mellitus in PLWH. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying exercise as a protective factor for CMDs in PLWH.
KW - HIV
KW - exercise
KW - cardiovascular diseases
KW - metabolic disease
KW - sedentary
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111579
SN - 1660-4601
VL - 18
IS - 21
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gellert, Paul
A1 - Häusler, Andreas
A1 - Suhr, Ralf
A1 - Gholami, Maryam
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Kuhlmey, Adelheid
A1 - Nordheim, Johanna
T1 - Testing the stress-buffering hypothesis of social support in couples coping with early-stage dementia
JF - PLoS one
N2 - Purpose:
To test whether the negative relationship between perceived stress and quality of life (Hypothesis 1) can be buffered by perceived social support in patients with dementia as well as in caregivers individually (Hypothesis 2: actor effects) and across partners (Hypothesis 3: partner effects and actor-partner effects).
Method:
A total of 108 couples (N = 216 individuals) comprised of one individual with early-stage dementia and one caregiving partner were assessed at baseline and one month apart. Moderation effects were investigated by applying linear mixed models and actor-partner interdependence models.
Results:
Although the stress-quality of life association was more pronounced in caregivers (beta = -.63, p<.001) compared to patients (beta= -.31, p<.001), this association was equally moderated by social support in patients (beta = .14, p<.05) and in the caregivers (beta =.13, p<.05). From one partner to his or her counterpart, the partner buffering and actor-partner-buffering effect were not present.
Conclusion:
The stress-buffering effect has been replicated in individuals with dementia and caregivers but not across partners. Interventions to improve quality of life through perceived social support should not only focus on caregivers, but should incorporate both partners.
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189849
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 13
IS - 1
PB - PLoS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
A1 - Kiefer, Falk
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Endrass, Tanja
A1 - Beste, Christian
A1 - Beck, Anne
A1 - Liu, Shuyan
A1 - Genauck, Alexander
A1 - Romund, Lydia
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Tost, Heike
A1 - Spanagel, Rainer
T1 - Addiction research consortium: losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) - from trajectories to mechanisms and interventions
JF - Addiction Biology
N2 - One of the major risk factors for global death and disability is alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. While there is increasing knowledge with respect to individual factors promoting the initiation and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUDs), disease trajectories involved in losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) are still not well described. Our newly formed German Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) on ReCoDe has an interdisciplinary approach funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) with a 12-year perspective. The main goals of our research consortium are (i) to identify triggers and modifying factors that longitudinally modulate the trajectories of losing and regaining control over drug consumption in real life, (ii) to study underlying behavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological mechanisms, and (iii) to implicate mechanism-based interventions. These goals will be achieved by: (i) using mobile health (m-health) tools to longitudinally monitor the effects of triggers (drug cues, stressors, and priming doses) and modify factors (eg, age, gender, physical activity, and cognitive control) on drug consumption patterns in real-life conditions and in animal models of addiction; (ii) the identification and computational modeling of key mechanisms mediating the effects of such triggers and modifying factors on goal-directed, habitual, and compulsive aspects of behavior from human studies and animal models; and (iii) developing and testing interventions that specifically target the underlying mechanisms for regaining control over drug intake.
KW - addiction
KW - alternative rewards
KW - animal and computational models
KW - cognitive-behavioral control
KW - craving and relapse
KW - habit formation
Y1 - 2019
VL - 25
IS - 2
PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY - New Jersey
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schraplau, Anne
A1 - Block, Andrea
A1 - Häusler, Andreas
A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Völler, Heinz
A1 - Bonaventura, Klaus
A1 - Mayer, Frank
T1 - Mobile diagnostics and consultation for the prevention of the metabolic syndrome and its secondary diseases in Brandenburg—study protocol of a regional prospective cohort study
BT - the Mobile Brandenburg Cohort
JF - Pilot and Feasibility Studies
N2 - Background
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk cluster for a number of secondary diseases. The implementation of prevention programs requires early detection of individuals at risk. However, access to health care providers is limited in structurally weak regions. Brandenburg, a rural federal state in Germany, has an especially high MetS prevalence and disease burden. This study aims to validate and test the feasibility of a setup for mobile diagnostics of MetS and its secondary diseases, to evaluate the MetS prevalence and its association with moderating factors in Brandenburg and to identify new ways of early prevention, while establishing a “Mobile Brandenburg Cohort” to reveal new causes and risk factors for MetS.
Methods
In a pilot study, setups for mobile diagnostics of MetS and secondary diseases will be developed and validated. A van will be equipped as an examination room using point-of-care blood analyzers and by mobilizing standard methods. In study part A, these mobile diagnostic units will be placed at different locations in Brandenburg to locally recruit 5000 participants aged 40-70 years. They will be examined for MetS and advice on nutrition and physical activity will be provided. Questionnaires will be used to evaluate sociodemographics, stress perception, and physical activity. In study part B, participants with MetS, but without known secondary diseases, will receive a detailed mobile medical examination, including MetS diagnostics, medical history, clinical examinations, and instrumental diagnostics for internal, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and cognitive disorders. Participants will receive advice on nutrition and an exercise program will be demonstrated on site. People unable to participate in these mobile examinations will be interviewed by telephone. If necessary, participants will be referred to general practitioners for further diagnosis.
Discussion
The mobile diagnostics approach enables early detection of individuals at risk, and their targeted referral to local health care providers. Evaluation of the MetS prevalence, its relation to risk-increasing factors, and the “Mobile Brandenburg Cohort” create a unique database for further longitudinal studies on the implementation of home-based prevention programs to reduce mortality, especially in rural regions.
Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00022764; registered 07 October 2020—retrospectively registered.
KW - Metabolic syndrome
KW - Mobile diagnostics
KW - Prevention
KW - Nutrition
KW - Physical activity
KW - Rural health
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-021-00898-w
SN - 2055-5784
VL - 7
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - BioMed Central (Springer Nature)
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heissel, Andreas
A1 - Pietrek, Anou F.
A1 - Schwefel, Melanie
A1 - Abula, Kahar
A1 - Wilbertz, Gregor
A1 - Heinzel, Stephan
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
T1 - STEP.De study
BT - a multicentre cluster-randomised effectiveness trial of exercise therapy for patients with depressive symptoms in healthcare services : study protocol
JF - BMJ open
N2 - Introduction Although exercise therapy has widely been shown to be an efficacious treatment modality for depression, evidence for its effectiveness and cost efficiency is lacking. The Sport/Exercise Therapy for Depression study is a multicentre cluster-randomised effectiveness trial that aims to compare the effectiveness and cost efficiency of exercise therapy and psychotherapy as antidepressant treatment.
Methods and analysis 480 patients (aged 18-65) with an International Classification of Diseases diagnosis associated with depressive symptoms are recruited. Up to 30 clusters (psychotherapists) are randomly assigned to allocate patients to either an exercise or a psychotherapy treatment as usual in a 2: 1 ratio. The primary outcome (depressive symptoms) and the secondary outcomes (work and social adjustment, quality of life) will be assessed at six measurement time points (t0: baseline, t1: 8 weeks after treatment initiation, t2: 16 weeks after treatment initiation, t3/ 4/5: 2, 6, 12 months after treatment). Linear regression analyses will be used for the primary endpoint data analysis. For the secondary endpoints, mixed linear and logistic regression models with fixed and random factors will be added. For the cost efficiency analysis, expenditures in the 12 months before and after the intervention and the outcome difference will be compared between groups in a multilevel model. Recruitment start date was 1 July 2018 and the planned recruitment end date is 31 December 2020.
Ethics and dissemination The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Potsdam (No. 17/2018) and the Freie Universitat Berlin (No. 206/2018) and registered in the ISRCTN registry. Informed written consent will be obtained from all participants. The study will be reported in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and the Recommendations for Interventional Trials statements. The results will be published in peer-reviewed academic journals and disseminated to the public.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036287
SN - 2044-6055
VL - 10
IS - 4
PB - BMJ Publishing Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schulze, Susanne
A1 - Merz, Sibille
A1 - Thier, Anne
A1 - Tallarek, Marie
A1 - König, Franziska
A1 - Uhlenbrock, Greta
A1 - Nübling, Matthias
A1 - Lincke, Hans-Joachim
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Spallek, Jacob
A1 - Holmberg, Christine
T1 - Psychosocial burden in nurses working in nursing homes during the Covid-19 pandemic
BT - a cross-sectional study with quantitative and qualitative data
JF - BMC health services research
N2 - Background The Covid-19 pandemic led to increased work-related strain and psychosocial burden in nurses worldwide, resulting in high prevalences of mental health problems. Nurses in long-term care facilities seem to be especially affected by the pandemic. Nevertheless, there are few findings indicating possible positive changes for health care workers. Therefore, we investigated which psychosocial burdens and potential positive aspects nurses working in long-term care facilities experience during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods study among nurses and nursing assistants working in nursing homes in Germany. The survey contained the third German version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III). Using Welch's t-tests, we compared the COPSOQ results of our sample against a pre-pandemic reference group of geriatric nurses from Germany. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with geriatric nurses with a special focus on psychosocial stress, to reach a deeper understanding of their experiences on work-related changes and burdens during the pandemic. Data were analysed using thematic coding (Braun and Clarke). Results Our survey sample (n = 177) differed significantly from the pre-pandemic reference group in 14 out of 31 COPSOQ scales. Almost all of these differences indicated negative changes. Our sample scored significantly worse regarding the scales 'quantitative demands', 'hiding emotions', 'work-privacy conflicts', 'role conflicts', 'quality of leadership', 'support at work', 'recognition', 'physical demands', 'intention to leave profession', 'burnout', 'presenteeism' and 'inability to relax'. The interviews (n = 15) revealed six main themes related to nurses' psychosocial stress: 'overall working conditions', 'concern for residents', 'management of relatives', 'inability to provide terminal care', 'tensions between being infected and infecting others' and 'technicisation of care'. 'Enhanced community cohesion' (interviews), 'meaning of work' and 'quantity of social relations' (COPSOQ III) were identified as positive effects of the pandemic. Conclusions Results clearly illustrate an aggravation of geriatric nurses' situation and psychosocial burden and only few positive changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Pre-existing hardships seem to have further deteriorated and new stressors added to nurses' strain. The perceived erosion of care, due to an overemphasis of the technical in relation to the social and emotional dimensions of care, seems to be especially burdensome to geriatric nurses.
KW - COPSOQ
KW - Nurses
KW - Nursing home
KW - Psychosocial burden
KW - Mixed-methods study
KW - Covid-19
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08333-3
SN - 1472-6963
VL - 22
IS - 1
PB - BMC
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ye, Fangyuan
A1 - Zhang, Shuo
A1 - Warby, Jonathan
A1 - Wu, Jiawei
A1 - Gutierrez-Partida, Emilio
A1 - Lang, Felix
A1 - Shah, Sahil
A1 - Saglamkaya, Elifnaz
A1 - Sun, Bowen
A1 - Zu, Fengshuo
A1 - Shoaee, Safa
A1 - Wang, Haifeng
A1 - Stiller, Burkhard
A1 - Neher, Dieter
A1 - Zhu, Wei-Hong
A1 - Stolterfoht, Martin
A1 - Wu, Yongzhen
T1 - Overcoming C-60-induced interfacial recombination in inverted perovskite solar cells by electron-transporting carborane
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - Inverted perovskite solar cells still suffer from significant non-radiative recombination losses at the perovskite surface and across the perovskite/C-60 interface, limiting the future development of perovskite-based single- and multi-junction photovoltaics. Therefore, more effective inter- or transport layers are urgently required. To tackle these recombination losses, we introduce ortho-carborane as an interlayer material that has a spherical molecular structure and a three-dimensional aromaticity. Based on a variety of experimental techniques, we show that ortho-carborane decorated with phenylamino groups effectively passivates the perovskite surface and essentially eliminates the non-radiative recombination loss across the perovskite/C-60 interface with high thermal stability. We further demonstrate the potential of carborane as an electron transport material, facilitating electron extraction while blocking holes from the interface. The resulting inverted perovskite solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of over 23% with a low non-radiative voltage loss of 110mV, and retain >97% of the initial efficiency after 400h of maximum power point tracking. Overall, the designed carborane based interlayer simultaneously enables passivation, electron-transport and hole-blocking and paves the way toward more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Effective transport layers are essential to suppress non-radiative recombination losses. Here, the authors introduce phenylamino-functionalized ortho-carborane as an interfacial layer, and realise inverted perovskite solar cells with efficiency of over 23% and operational stability of T97=400h.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34203-x
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 13
IS - 1
PB - Nature Publishing Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Förstner, Bernd Rainer
A1 - Böttger, Sarah Jane
A1 - Moldavski, Alexander
A1 - Bajbouj, Malek
A1 - Pfennig, Andrea
A1 - Manook, Andre
A1 - Ising, Marcus
A1 - Pittig, Andre
A1 - Heinig, Ingmar
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
A1 - Mathiak, Klaus
A1 - Schulze, Thomas G.
A1 - Schneider, Frank
A1 - Kamp-Becker, Inge
A1 - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1 - Padberg, Frank
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Bauer, Michael
A1 - Rupprecht, Rainer
A1 - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Tschorn, Mira
T1 - The associations of positive and negative valence systems, cognitive systems and social processes on disease severity in anxiety and depressive disorders
JF - Frontiers in psychiatry
N2 - Background Anxiety and depressive disorders share common features of mood dysfunctions. This has stimulated interest in transdiagnostic dimensional research as proposed by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) aiming to improve the understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the processing of RDoC domains in relation to disease severity in order to identify latent disorder-specific as well as transdiagnostic indicators of disease severity in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders.
Methods Within the German research network for mental disorders, 895 participants (n = 476 female, n = 602 anxiety disorder, n = 257 depressive disorder) were recruited for the Phenotypic, Diagnostic and Clinical Domain Assessment Network Germany (PD-CAN) and included in this cross-sectional study. We performed incremental regression models to investigate the association of four RDoC domains on disease severity in patients with affective disorders: Positive (PVS) and Negative Valance System (NVS), Cognitive Systems (CS) and Social Processes (SP).
Results The results confirmed a transdiagnostic relationship for all four domains, as we found significant main effects on disease severity within domain-specific models (PVS: & beta; = -0.35; NVS: & beta; = 0.39; CS: & beta; = -0.12; SP: & beta; = -0.32). We also found three significant interaction effects with main diagnosis showing a disease-specific association.
Limitations The cross-sectional study design prevents causal conclusions. Further limitations include possible outliers and heteroskedasticity in all regression models which we appropriately controlled for.
Conclusion Our key results show that symptom burden in anxiety and depressive disorders is associated with latent RDoC indicators in transdiagnostic and disease-specific ways.
KW - Research Domain Criteria
KW - depression
KW - anxiety disoders
KW - disease severity
KW - transdiagnostic
KW - RDoC
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1161097
SN - 1664-0640
VL - 14
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wuertz-Kozak, Karin
A1 - Roszkowski, Martin
A1 - Cambria, Elena
A1 - Block, Andrea
A1 - Kuhn, Gisela A.
A1 - Abele, Thea
A1 - Hitzl, Wolfgang
A1 - Drießlein, David
A1 - Müller, Ralph
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Mansuy, Isabelle M.
A1 - Peters, Eva M. J.
A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria
T1 - Effects of Early Life Stress on Bone Homeostasis in Mice and Humans
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
N2 - Bone pathology is frequent in stressed individuals. A comprehensive examination of mechanisms linking life stress, depression and disturbed bone homeostasis is missing. In this translational study, mice exposed to early life stress (MSUS) were examined for bone microarchitecture (μCT), metabolism (qPCR/ELISA), and neuronal stress mediator expression (qPCR) and compared with a sample of depressive patients with or without early life stress by analyzing bone mineral density (BMD) (DXA) and metabolic changes in serum (osteocalcin, PINP, CTX-I). MSUS mice showed a significant decrease in NGF, NPYR1, VIPR1 and TACR1 expression, higher innervation density in bone, and increased serum levels of CTX-I, suggesting a milieu in favor of catabolic bone turnover. MSUS mice had a significantly lower body weight compared to control mice, and this caused minor effects on bone microarchitecture. Depressive patients with experiences of childhood neglect also showed a catabolic pattern. A significant reduction in BMD was observed in depressive patients with childhood abuse and stressful life events during childhood. Therefore, future studies on prevention and treatment strategies for both mental and bone disease should consider early life stress as a risk factor for bone pathologies.
KW - psychosocial stress
KW - bone pathologies
KW - osteoporosis
KW - bone mineral density
KW - childhood
KW - neuroendocrine
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186634
SN - 1422-0067
VL - 21
IS - 18
PB - Molecular Diversity Preservation International
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heissel, Andreas
A1 - Pietrek, Anou F.
A1 - Kangas, Maria
A1 - Van der Kaap-Deeder, Jolene
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
T1 - The Mediating Role of Rumination in the Relation between Basic Psychological Need Frustration and Depressive Symptoms
JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine
N2 - Research within the framework of Basic Psychological Need Theory (BPNT) finds strong associations between basic need frustration and depressive symptoms. This study examined the role of rumination as an underlying mechanism in the association between basic psychological need frustration and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional sample of N = 221 adults (55.2% female, mean age = 27.95, range = 18–62, SD = 10.51) completed measures assessing their level of basic psychological need frustration, rumination, and depressive symptoms. Correlational analyses and multiple mediation models were conducted. Brooding partially mediated the relation between need frustration and depressive symptoms. BPNT and Response Styles Theory are compatible and can further advance knowledge about depression vulnerabilities.
KW - psychopathology
KW - elf-determination theory
KW - response styles theory
KW - frustration
KW - depressive disorder
KW - emotional regulation
KW - rumination
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020395
SN - 2077-0383
VL - 12
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ET - 2
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pietrek, Anou F.
A1 - Kangas, Maria
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Heinzel, Stephan
A1 - Van der Kaap-Deeder, Jolene
A1 - Heissel, Andreas
T1 - Basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration in major depressive disorder
JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry - Mood Disorders
N2 - Basic psychological needs theory postulates that a social environment that satisfies individuals’ three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness leads to optimal growth and well-being. On the other hand, the frustration of these needs is associated with ill-being and depressive symptoms foremost investigated in non-clinical samples; yet, there is a paucity of research on need frustration in clinical samples. Survey data were compared between adult individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 115; 48.69% female; 38.46 years, SD = 10.46) with those of a non-depressed comparison sample (n = 201; 53.23% female; 30.16 years, SD = 12.81). Need profiles were examined with a linear mixed model (LMM). Individuals with depression reported higher levels of frustration and lower levels of satisfaction in relation to the three basic psychological needs when compared to non-depressed adults. The difference between depressed and non-depressed groups was significantly larger for frustration than satisfaction regarding the needs for relatedness and competence. LMM correlation parameters confirmed the expected positive correlation between the three needs. This is the first study showing substantial differences in need-based experiences between depressed and non-depressed adults. The results confirm basic assumptions of the self-determination theory and have preliminary implications in tailoring therapy for depression.
KW - basic need satisfaction and frustration
KW - depressive symptoms
KW - clinical sample
KW - need profiles
KW - social environment
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.962501
SN - 1664-0640
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Frontiers Media S.A.
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Nebe, Stephan
A1 - Sommer, Christian
A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören
A1 - Sebold, Miriam
A1 - Schad, Daniel
A1 - Friedel, Eva
A1 - Veer, Ilya M.
A1 - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Ripke, Stephan
A1 - Walter, Henrik
A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M.
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
T1 - Pavlovian-To-Instrumental Transfer and Alcohol Consumption in Young Male Social Drinkers
BT - Behavioral, Neural and Polygenic Correlates
JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine
N2 - In animals and humans, behavior can be influenced by irrelevant stimuli, a phenomenon called Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT). In subjects with substance use disorder, PIT is even enhanced with functional activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and amygdala. While we observed enhanced behavioral and neural PIT effects in alcohol-dependent subjects, we here aimed to determine whether behavioral PIT is enhanced in young men with high-risk compared to low-risk drinking and subsequently related functional activation in an a-priori region of interest encompassing the NAcc and amygdala and related to polygenic risk for alcohol consumption. A representative sample of 18-year old men (n = 1937) was contacted: 445 were screened, 209 assessed: resulting in 191 valid behavioral, 139 imaging and 157 genetic datasets. None of the subjects fulfilled criteria for alcohol dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TextRevision (DSM-IV-TR). We measured how instrumental responding for rewards was influenced by background Pavlovian conditioned stimuli predicting action-independent rewards and losses. Behavioral PIT was enhanced in high-compared to low-risk drinkers (b = 0.09, SE = 0.03, z = 2.7, p < 0.009). Across all subjects, we observed PIT-related neural blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the right amygdala (t = 3.25, p(SVC) = 0.04, x = 26, y = -6, z = -12), but not in NAcc. The strength of the behavioral PIT effect was positively correlated with polygenic risk for alcohol consumption (r(s) = 0.17, p = 0.032). We conclude that behavioral PIT and polygenic risk for alcohol consumption might be a biomarker for a subclinical phenotype of risky alcohol consumption, even if no drug-related stimulus is present. The association between behavioral PIT effects and the amygdala might point to habitual processes related to out PIT task. In non-dependent young social drinkers, the amygdala rather than the NAcc is activated during PIT; possible different involvement in association with disease trajectory should be investigated in future studies.
KW - Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer
KW - amygdala
KW - alcohol
KW - polygenic risk
KW - high risk drinkers
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081188
SN - 2077-0383
VL - 8
IS - 8
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sebold, Miriam
A1 - Chen, Hao
A1 - Önal, Aleyna
A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören
A1 - Mojtahedzadeh, Negin
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Nebe, Stephan
A1 - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M.
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
T1 - Stronger prejudices are associated with decreased model-based control
JF - Frontiers in psychology
N2 - Background:
Prejudices against minorities can be understood as habitually negative evaluations that are kept in spite of evidence to the contrary. Therefore, individuals with strong prejudices might be dominated by habitual or "automatic" reactions at the expense of more controlled reactions. Computational theories suggest individual differences in the balance between habitual/model-free and deliberative/model-based decision-making.
Methods:
127 subjects performed the two Step task and completed the blatant and subtle prejudice scale.
Results:
By using analyses of choices and reaction times in combination with computational modeling, subjects with stronger blatant prejudices showed a shift away from model-based control. There was no association between these decision-making processes and subtle prejudices.
Conclusion:
These results support the idea that blatant prejudices toward minorities are related to a relative dominance of habitual decision-making. This finding has important implications for developing interventions that target to change prejudices across societies.
KW - subtle and blatant prejudice
KW - immigrant
KW - social behavior;
KW - decision-making
KW - computational modeling
KW - reinforcement learning
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.767022
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 12
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gorupec, Natalia
A1 - Brehmer, Nataliia
A1 - Tiberius, Victor
A1 - Kraus, Sascha
T1 - Tackling uncertain future scenarios with real options
BT - a review and research framework
JF - The Irish journal of management
N2 - Real options are widely applied in strategic and operational decision-making, allowing for managerial flexibility in uncertaincontexts. Increased scholarly interest has led to an extensive but fragmented research landscape. We aim to measure andsystematize the research field quantitatively. To achieve this goal, we conduct bibliometric performance analyses and bibliographiccoupling analyses with an in-depth content review. The results of the performance analyses show an increasing interest in realoptions since the beginning of the 2000s and identify the most influential journals and authors. The science mappings reveal sixand seven research clusters over the last two decades. Based on an in-depth analysis of their themes, we develop a researchframework comprising antecedents, application areas, internal and external contingencies, and uncertainty resolution throughreal option valuation or reasoning. We identify several gaps in that framework, which we propose to tackle in future research.
KW - bibliometric analysis
KW - decision processes
KW - real options
KW - research framework
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.2478/ijm-2022-0003
SN - 2451-2834
VL - 41
IS - 1
SP - 69
EP - 88
PB - Sciendo
CY - Warsaw
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jara Muñoz, Julius
A1 - Melnick, Daniel
A1 - Li, Shaoyang
A1 - Socquet, Anne
A1 - Cortés-Aranda, Joaquín
A1 - Brill, Dominik
A1 - Strecker, Manfred
T1 - The cryptic seismic potential of the Pichilemu blind fault in Chile revealed by off-fault geomorphology
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - The first step towards assessing hazards in seismically active regions involves mapping capable faults and estimating their recurrence times. While the mapping of active faults is commonly based on distinct geologic and geomorphic features evident at the surface, mapping blind seismogenic faults is complicated by the absence of on-fault diagnostic features. Here we investigated the Pichilemu Fault in coastal Chile, unknown until it generated a Mw 7.0 earthquake in 2010. The lack of evident surface faulting suggests activity along a partly-hidden blind fault. We used off-fault deformed marine terraces to estimate a fault-slip rate of 0.52 ± 0.04 m/ka, which, when integrated with satellite geodesy suggests a 2.12 ± 0.2 ka recurrence time for Mw~7.0 normal-faulting earthquakes. We propose that extension in the Pichilemu region is associated with stress changes during megathrust earthquakes and accommodated by sporadic slip during upper-plate earthquakes, which has implications for assessing the seismic potential of cryptic faults along convergent margins and elsewhere.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30754-1
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 13
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Kuban, Robert
A1 - Rotta, Randolf
A1 - Nolte, Jörg
A1 - Chromik, Jonas
A1 - Beilharz, Jossekin Jakob
A1 - Pirl, Lukas
A1 - Friedrich, Tobias
A1 - Lenzner, Pascal
A1 - Weyand, Christopher
A1 - Juiz, Carlos
A1 - Bermejo, Belen
A1 - Sauer, Joao
A1 - Coelh, Leandro dos Santos
A1 - Najafi, Pejman
A1 - Pünter, Wenzel
A1 - Cheng, Feng
A1 - Meinel, Christoph
A1 - Sidorova, Julia
A1 - Lundberg, Lars
A1 - Vogel, Thomas
A1 - Tran, Chinh
A1 - Moser, Irene
A1 - Grunske, Lars
A1 - Elsaid, Mohamed Esameldin Mohamed
A1 - Abbas, Hazem M.
A1 - Rula, Anisa
A1 - Sejdiu, Gezim
A1 - Maurino, Andrea
A1 - Schmidt, Christopher
A1 - Hügle, Johannes
A1 - Uflacker, Matthias
A1 - Nozza, Debora
A1 - Messina, Enza
A1 - Hoorn, André van
A1 - Frank, Markus
A1 - Schulz, Henning
A1 - Alhosseini Almodarresi Yasin, Seyed Ali
A1 - Nowicki, Marek
A1 - Muite, Benson K.
A1 - Boysan, Mehmet Can
A1 - Bianchi, Federico
A1 - Cremaschi, Marco
A1 - Moussa, Rim
A1 - Abdel-Karim, Benjamin M.
A1 - Pfeuffer, Nicolas
A1 - Hinz, Oliver
A1 - Plauth, Max
A1 - Polze, Andreas
A1 - Huo, Da
A1 - Melo, Gerard de
A1 - Mendes Soares, Fábio
A1 - Oliveira, Roberto Célio Limão de
A1 - Benson, Lawrence
A1 - Paul, Fabian
A1 - Werling, Christian
A1 - Windheuser, Fabian
A1 - Stojanovic, Dragan
A1 - Djordjevic, Igor
A1 - Stojanovic, Natalija
A1 - Stojnev Ilic, Aleksandra
A1 - Weidmann, Vera
A1 - Lowitzki, Leon
A1 - Wagner, Markus
A1 - Ifa, Abdessatar Ben
A1 - Arlos, Patrik
A1 - Megia, Ana
A1 - Vendrell, Joan
A1 - Pfitzner, Bjarne
A1 - Redondo, Alberto
A1 - Ríos Insua, David
A1 - Albert, Justin Amadeus
A1 - Zhou, Lin
A1 - Arnrich, Bert
A1 - Szabó, Ildikó
A1 - Fodor, Szabina
A1 - Ternai, Katalin
A1 - Bhowmik, Rajarshi
A1 - Campero Durand, Gabriel
A1 - Shevchenko, Pavlo
A1 - Malysheva, Milena
A1 - Prymak, Ivan
A1 - Saake, Gunter
ED - Meinel, Christoph
ED - Polze, Andreas
ED - Beins, Karsten
ED - Strotmann, Rolf
ED - Seibold, Ulrich
ED - Rödszus, Kurt
ED - Müller, Jürgen
T1 - HPI Future SOC Lab – Proceedings 2019
N2 - The “HPI Future SOC Lab” is a cooperation of the Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI) and industry partners. Its mission is to enable and promote exchange and interaction between the research community and the industry partners.
The HPI Future SOC Lab provides researchers with free of charge access to a complete infrastructure of state of the art hard and software. This infrastructure includes components, which might be too expensive for an ordinary research environment, such as servers with up to 64 cores and 2 TB main memory. The offerings address researchers particularly from but not limited to the areas of computer science and business information systems. Main areas of research include cloud computing, parallelization, and In-Memory technologies.
This technical report presents results of research projects executed in 2019. Selected projects have presented their results on April 9th and November 12th 2019 at the Future SOC Lab Day events.
N2 - Das Future SOC Lab am HPI ist eine Kooperation des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts mit verschiedenen Industriepartnern. Seine Aufgabe ist die Ermöglichung und Förderung des Austausches zwischen Forschungsgemeinschaft und Industrie.
Am Lab wird interessierten Wissenschaftlern eine Infrastruktur von neuester Hard- und Software kostenfrei für Forschungszwecke zur Verfügung gestellt. Dazu zählen teilweise noch nicht am Markt verfügbare Technologien, die im normalen Hochschulbereich in der Regel nicht zu finanzieren wären, bspw. Server mit bis zu 64 Cores und 2 TB Hauptspeicher. Diese Angebote richten sich insbesondere an Wissenschaftler in den Gebieten Informatik und Wirtschaftsinformatik. Einige der Schwerpunkte sind Cloud Computing, Parallelisierung und In-Memory Technologien.
In diesem Technischen Bericht werden die Ergebnisse der Forschungsprojekte des Jahres 2019 vorgestellt. Ausgewählte Projekte stellten ihre Ergebnisse am 09. April und 12. November 2019 im Rahmen des Future SOC Lab Tags vor.
T3 - Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam - 158
KW - Future SOC Lab
KW - research projects
KW - multicore architectures
KW - in-memory technology
KW - cloud computing
KW - machine learning
KW - artifical intelligence
KW - Future SOC Lab
KW - Forschungsprojekte
KW - Multicore Architekturen
KW - In-Memory Technologie
KW - Cloud Computing
KW - maschinelles Lernen
KW - künstliche Intelligenz
Y1 - 2023
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-597915
SN - 978-3-86956-564-4
SN - 1613-5652
SN - 2191-1665
IS - 158
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hong, Jun Sung
A1 - Kim, Dong Ha
A1 - Thornberg, Robert
A1 - Wachs, Sebastian
A1 - Wright, Michelle F.
T1 - Racial discrimination to bullying behavior among White and Black adolescents in the USA: from parents' perspectives
JF - International journal of environmental research and public health
N2 - The present study proposes and tests pathways by which racial discrimination might be positively related to bullying victimization among Black and White adolescents. Data were derived from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health, a national survey that provides data on children's physical and mental health and their families. Data were collected from households with one or more children between June 2016 to February 2017.
A letter was sent to randomly selected households, who were invited to participate in the survey. The caregivers consisted of 66.9% females and 33.1% males for the White sample, whose mean age was 47.51 (SD = 7.26), and 76.8% females and 23.2% males for the Black sample, whose mean age was 47.61 (SD = 9.71).
In terms of the adolescents, 49.0% were females among the White sample, whose mean age was 14.73 (SD = 1.69). For Black adolescents, 47.9% were females and the mean age was 14.67(SD = 1.66).
Measures for the study included bullying perpetration, racial discrimination, academic disengagement, and socio-demographic variables of the parent and child.
Analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and structural path analyses.
For adolescents in both racial groups, racial discrimination appears to be positively associated with depression, which was positively associated with bullying perpetration. For White adolescents, racial discrimination was positively associated with academic disengagement, which was also positively associated with bullying perpetration. For Black adolescents, although racial discrimination was not significantly associated with academic disengagement, academic disengagement was positively associated with bullying perpetration.
KW - academic disengagement
KW - bullying
KW - depression
KW - racial discrimination
KW - race
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127084
SN - 1660-4601
VL - 19
IS - 12
PB - MDPI AG
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jozi Najafabadi, Azam
A1 - Haberland, Christian
A1 - Ryberg, Trond
A1 - Verwater, Vincent F.
A1 - Breton, Eline le
A1 - Handy, Mark R.
A1 - Weber, Michael
T1 - Relocation of earthquakes in the southern and eastern Alps (Austria, Italy) recorded by the dense, temporary SWATH-D network using a Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion
JF - Solid earth : SE ; an interaktive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2 - In this study, we analyzed a large seismological dataset from temporary and permanent networks in the southern and eastern Alps to establish high-precision hypocenters and 1-D V-P and V-P/V-S models. The waveform data of a subset of local earthquakes with magnitudes in the range of 1-4.2 M-L were recorded by the dense, temporary SWATH-D network and selected stations of the AlpArray network between September 2017 and the end of 2018. The first arrival times of P and S waves of earthquakes are determined by a semi-automatic procedure. We applied a Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion method to simultaneously calculate robust hypocenters, a 1-D velocity model, and station corrections without prior assumptions, such as initial velocity models or earthquake locations. A further advantage of this method is the derivation of the model parameter uncertainties and noise levels of the data. The precision estimates of the localization procedure is checked by inverting a synthetic travel time dataset from a complex 3-D velocity model and by using the real stations and earthquakes geometry. The location accuracy is further investigated by a quarry blast test. The average uncertainties of the locations of the earthquakes are below 500m in their epicenter and similar to 1.7 km in depth. The earthquake distribution reveals seismicity in the upper crust (0-20 km), which is characterized by pronounced clusters along the Alpine frontal thrust, e.g., the Friuli-Venetia (FV) region, the Giudicarie-Lessini (GL) and Schio-Vicenza domains, the Austroalpine nappes, and the Inntal area. Some seismicity also occurs along the Periadriatic Fault. The general pattern of seismicity reflects head-on convergence of the Adriatic indenter with the Alpine orogenic crust. The seismicity in the FV and GL regions is deeper than the modeled frontal thrusts, which we interpret as indication for southward propagation of the southern Alpine deformation front (blind thrusts).
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1087-2021
SN - 1869-9529
SN - 1869-9510
VL - 12
IS - 5
SP - 1087
EP - 1109
PB - Copernicus
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Schenck, Marcia C.
T1 - Remembering African Labor Migration to the Second World
BT - Socialist Mobilities between Angola, Mozambique, and East Germany.
T3 - Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Series
N2 - This open access book is about Mozambicans and Angolans who migrated in state-sponsored schemes to East Germany in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s. They went to work and to be trained as a vanguard labor force for the intended African industrial revolutions. While they were there, they contributed their labor power to the East German economy.
This book draws on more than 260 life history interviews and uncovers complex and contradictory experiences and transnational encounters. What emerges is a series of dualities that exist side by side in the memories of the former migrants: the state and the individual, work and consumption, integration and exclusion, loss and gain, and the past in the past and the past in the present and future. By uncovering these dualities, the book explores the lives of African migrants moving between the Third and Second worlds.
Devoted to the memories of worker-trainees, this transnational study comes at a time when historians are uncovering the many varied, complicated, and important connections within the global socialist world.
KW - Open access
KW - Third World
KW - Second World
KW - East Germany
KW - Angola
KW - Mozambique
KW - Socialism
KW - Labor Migration
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-3-031-06775-4
SN - 978-3-031-06778-5
SN - 978-3-031-06776-1
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06776-1
SN - 2634-6273
SN - 2634-6281
PB - Palgrave Macmillan
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C.
T1 - The intricacies of ideology and ignorance
BT - a reply to Mason
T2 - Social epistemology review & reply collective : SERRC
Y1 - 2021
UR - https://wp.me/p1Bfg0-62M
SN - 2471-9560
VL - 10
IS - 7
SP - 58
EP - 62
PB - Social epistemology review & reply collective
CY - [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Perottoni, Hélio D.
A1 - Limberg, Guilherme
A1 - Amarante, João A. S.
A1 - Rossi, Silvia
A1 - Queiroz, Anna B. A.
A1 - Santucci, Rafael M.
A1 - Pérez-Villegas, Angeles
A1 - Chiappini, Cristina
T1 - The unmixed debris of Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus in the form of a pair of halo stellar overdensities
JF - Astrophysical journal letters
N2 - In the first billion years after its formation, the galaxy underwent several mergers with dwarf satellites of various masses. The debris of Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), the galaxy responsible for the last significant merger of the Milky Way, dominates the inner halo and has been suggested to be the progenitor of both the Hercules-Aquila Cloud (HAC) and Virgo Overdensity (VOD). We combine SEGUE, APOGEE, Gaia, and StarHorse distances to characterize the chemodynamical properties and verify the link between HAC, VOD, and GSE. We find that the orbital eccentricity distributions of the stellar overdensities and GSE are comparable. We also find that they have similar, strongly peaked, metallicity distribution functions, reinforcing the hypothesis of common origin. Furthermore, we show that HAC and VOD are indistinguishable from the prototypical GSE population within all chemical-abundance spaces analyzed. All these evidences combined provide a clear demonstration that the GSE merger is the main progenitor of the stellar populations found within these halo overdensities.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac88d6
SN - 2041-8213
VL - 936
IS - 1
PB - IOP Publishing
CY - Bristol
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Klaus, Benita
A1 - Müller, Patrick
A1 - van Wickeren, Nora
A1 - Dordevic, Milos
A1 - Schmicker, Marlen
A1 - Zdunczyk, Yael
A1 - Brigadski, Tanja
A1 - Lessmann, Volkmar
A1 - Vielhaber, Stefan
A1 - Schreiber, Stefanie
A1 - Müller, Notger Germar
T1 - Structural and functional brain alterations in patients with myasthenia gravis
JF - Brain communications
N2 - Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease affecting neuromuscular transmission and causing skeletal muscle weakness. Additionally, systemic inflammation, cognitive deficits and autonomic dysfunction have been described.
However, little is known about myasthenia gravis-related reorganization of the brain. In this study, we thus investigated the structural and functional brain changes in myasthenia gravis patients.
Eleven myasthenia gravis patients (age: 70.64 +/- 9.27; 11 males) were compared to age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls (age: 70.18 +/- 8.98; 11 males). Most of the patients (n = 10, 0.91%) received cholinesterase inhibitors.
Structural brain changes were determined by applying voxel-based morphometry using high-resolution T-1-weighted sequences. Functional brain changes were assessed with a neuropsychological test battery (including attention, memory and executive functions), a spatial orientation task and brain-derived neurotrophic factor blood levels.
Myasthenia gravis patients showed significant grey matter volume reductions in the cingulate gyrus, in the inferior parietal lobe and in the fusiform gyrus. Furthermore, myasthenia gravis patients showed significantly lower performance in executive functions, working memory (Spatial Span, P = 0.034, d = 1.466), verbal episodic memory (P = 0.003, d = 1.468) and somatosensory-related spatial orientation (Triangle Completion Test, P = 0.003, d = 1.200).
Additionally, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were significantly higher in myasthenia gravis patients (P = 0.001, d = 2.040). Our results indicate that myasthenia gravis is associated with structural and functional brain alterations. Especially the grey matter volume changes in the cingulate gyrus and the inferior parietal lobe could be associated with cognitive deficits in memory and executive functions.
Furthermore, deficits in somatosensory-related spatial orientation could be associated with the lower volumes in the inferior parietal lobe. Future research is needed to replicate these findings independently in a larger sample and to investigate the underlying mechanisms in more detail.
Klaus et al. compared myasthenia gravis patients to matched healthy control subjects and identified functional alterations in memory functions as well as structural alterations in the cingulate gyrus, in the inferior parietal lobe and in the fusiform gyrus.
KW - myasthenia gravis
KW - neuroplasticity
KW - VBM
KW - neuropsychological testing
KW - BDNF
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcac018
SN - 2632-1297
VL - 4
IS - 1
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Menze, Inga
A1 - Müller, Notger Germar
A1 - Zähle, Tino
A1 - Schmicker, Marlen
T1 - Individual response to transcranial direct current stimulation as a function of working memory capacity and electrode montage
JF - Frontiers in human neuroscience
N2 - Introduction
Attempts to improve cognitive abilities via transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have led to ambiguous results, likely due to the method's susceptibility to methodological and inter-individual factors. Conventional tDCS, i.e., using an active electrode over brain areas associated with the targeted cognitive function and a supposedly passive reference, neglects stimulation effects on entire neural networks.
Methods
We investigated the advantage of frontoparietal network stimulation (right prefrontal anode, left posterior parietal cathode) against conventional and sham tDCS in modulating working memory (WM) capacity dependent transfer effects of a single-session distractor inhibition (DIIN) training. Since previous results did not clarify whether electrode montage drives this individual transfer, we here compared conventional to frontoparietal and sham tDCS and reanalyzed data of 124 young, healthy participants in a more robust way using linear mixed effect modeling.
Results
The interaction of electrode montage and WM capacity resulted in systematic differences in transfer effects. While higher performance gains were observed with increasing WM capacity in the frontoparietal stimulation group, low WM capacity individuals benefited more in the sham condition. The conventional stimulation group showed subtle performance gains independent of WM capacity.
Discussion
Our results confirm our previous findings of WM capacity dependent transfer effects on WM by a single-session DIIN training combined with tDCS and additionally highlight the pivotal role of the specific electrode montage. WM capacity dependent differences in frontoparietal network recruitment, especially regarding the parietal involvement, are assumed to underlie this observation.
KW - tDCS
KW - electrode montage
KW - individual differences
KW - working memory
KW - capacity
KW - distractor inhibition
KW - frontoparietal network
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1134632
SN - 1662-5161
VL - 17
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Menze, Inga
A1 - Müller, Patrick
A1 - Müller, Notger Germar
A1 - Schmicker, Marlen
T1 - Age-related cognitive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and associated mental health changes in Germans
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - Restrictive means to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic have not only imposed broad challenges on mental health but might also affect cognitive health. Here we asked how restriction-related changes influence cognitive performance and how age, perceived loneliness, depressiveness and affectedness by restrictions contribute to these effects. 51 Germans completed three assessments of an online based study during the first lockdown in Germany (April 2020), a month later, and during the beginning of the second lockdown (November 2020). Participants completed nine online cognitive tasks of the MyBrainTraining and online questionnaires about their perceived strain and impact on lifestyle factors by the situation (affectedness), perceived loneliness, depressiveness as well as subjective cognitive performance. The results suggested a possible negative impact of depressiveness and affectedness on objective cognitive performance within the course of the lockdown. The younger the participants, the more pronounced these effects were. Loneliness and depressiveness moreover contributed to a worse evaluation of subjective cognition. In addition, especially younger individuals reported increased distress. As important educational and social input has partly been scarce during this pandemic and mental health problems have increased, future research should also assess cognitive long-term consequences.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11283-9
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 12
IS - 1
PB - Nature portfolio
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zielhofer, Christoph
A1 - Schmidt, Johannes
A1 - Reiche, Niklas
A1 - Tautenhahn, Marie
A1 - Ballasus, Helen
A1 - Burkart, Michael
A1 - Linstädter, Anja
A1 - Dietze, Elisabeth
A1 - Kaiser, Knut
A1 - Mehler, Natascha
T1 - The lower Havel River Region (Brandenburg, Germany)
BT - a 230-Year-Long historical map record indicates a decrease in surface water areas and groundwater levels
JF - Water
N2 - Instrumental data show that the groundwater and lake levels in Northeast Germany have decreased over the past decades, and this process has accelerated over the past few years. In addition to global warming, the direct influence of humans on the local water balance is suspected to be the cause. Since the instrumental data usually go back only a few decades, little is known about the multidecadal to centennial-scale trend, which also takes long-term climate variation and the long-term influence by humans on the water balance into account. This study aims to quantitatively reconstruct the surface water areas in the Lower Havel Inner Delta and of adjacent Lake Gulpe in Brandenburg. The analysis includes the calculation of surface water areas from historical and modern maps from 1797 to 2020. The major finding is that surface water areas have decreased by approximately 30% since the pre-industrial period, with the decline being continuous. Our data show that the comprehensive measures in Lower Havel hydro-engineering correspond with groundwater lowering that started before recent global warming. Further, large-scale melioration measures with increasing water demands in the upstream wetlands beginning from the 1960s to the 1980s may have amplified the decline in downstream surface water areas.
KW - long-term hydrological changes
KW - historical maps
KW - review of written
KW - sources
KW - preindustrial to industrial period
KW - hydro-engineering history;
KW - effects of global warming
KW - drying trend
KW - wetlands
KW - drainage works to
KW - create cropland
KW - Lower Havel River Region
KW - Brandenburg
KW - Germany
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030480
SN - 2073-4441
VL - 14
IS - 3
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ring, Raphaela M.
A1 - Eisenmann, Clemens
A1 - Kandil, Farid
A1 - Steckhan, Nico
A1 - Demmrich, Sarah
A1 - Klatte, Caroline
A1 - Kessler, Christian S.
A1 - Jeitler, Michael
A1 - Boschmann, Michael
A1 - Michalsen, Andreas
A1 - Blakeslee, Sarah B.
A1 - Stöckigt, Barbara
A1 - Stritter, Wiebke
A1 - Koppold-Liebscher, Daniela A.
T1 - Mental and behavioural responses to Bahá’í fasting: Looking behind the scenes of a religiously motivated intermittent fast using a mixed methods approach
JF - Nutrients
N2 - Background/Objective: Historically, fasting has been practiced not only for medical but also for religious reasons. Baha'is follow an annual religious intermittent dry fast of 19 days. We inquired into motivation behind and subjective health impacts of Baha'i fasting. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed methods design was embedded in a clinical single arm observational study. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted before (n = 7), during (n = 8), and after fasting (n = 8). Three months after the fasting period, two focus group interviews were conducted (n = 5/n = 3). A total of 146 Baha'i volunteers answered an online survey at five time points before, during, and after fasting. Results: Fasting was found to play a central role for the religiosity of interviewees, implying changes in daily structures, spending time alone, engaging in religious practices, and experiencing social belonging. Results show an increase in mindfulness and well-being, which were accompanied by behavioural changes and experiences of self-efficacy and inner freedom. Survey scores point to an increase in mindfulness and well-being during fasting, while stress, anxiety, and fatigue decreased. Mindfulness remained elevated even three months after the fast. Conclusion: Baha'i fasting seems to enhance participants' mindfulness and well-being, lowering stress levels and reducing fatigue. Some of these effects lasted more than three months after fasting.
KW - intermittent food restriction
KW - mindfulness
KW - self-efficacy
KW - well-being
KW - mixed methods
KW - health behaviour
KW - coping ability
KW - religiously motivated
KW - dry fasting
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14051038
SN - 2072-6643
VL - 14
IS - 5
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Meinel, Christoph
A1 - Döllner, Jürgen Roland Friedrich
A1 - Weske, Mathias
A1 - Polze, Andreas
A1 - Hirschfeld, Robert
A1 - Naumann, Felix
A1 - Giese, Holger
A1 - Baudisch, Patrick
A1 - Friedrich, Tobias
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
A1 - Lippert, Christoph
A1 - Dörr, Christian
A1 - Lehmann, Anja
A1 - Renard, Bernhard
A1 - Rabl, Tilmann
A1 - Uebernickel, Falk
A1 - Arnrich, Bert
A1 - Hölzle, Katharina
T1 - Proceedings of the HPI Research School on Service-oriented Systems Engineering 2020 Fall Retreat
N2 - Design and Implementation of service-oriented architectures imposes a huge number of research questions from the fields of software engineering, system analysis and modeling, adaptability, and application integration. Component orientation and web services are two approaches for design and realization of complex web-based system. Both approaches allow for dynamic application adaptation as well as integration of enterprise application.
Service-Oriented Systems Engineering represents a symbiosis of best practices in object-orientation, component-based development, distributed computing, and business process management. It provides integration of business and IT concerns.
The annual Ph.D. Retreat of the Research School provides each member the opportunity to present his/her current state of their research and to give an outline of a prospective Ph.D. thesis. Due to the interdisciplinary structure of the research school, this technical report covers a wide range of topics. These include but are not limited to: Human Computer Interaction and Computer Vision as Service; Service-oriented Geovisualization Systems; Algorithm Engineering for Service-oriented Systems; Modeling and Verification of Self-adaptive Service-oriented Systems; Tools and Methods for Software Engineering in Service-oriented Systems; Security Engineering of Service-based IT Systems; Service-oriented Information Systems; Evolutionary Transition of Enterprise Applications to Service Orientation; Operating System Abstractions for Service-oriented Computing; and Services Specification, Composition, and Enactment.
N2 - Der Entwurf und die Realisierung dienstbasierender Architekturen wirft eine Vielzahl von Forschungsfragestellungen aus den Gebieten der Softwaretechnik, der Systemmodellierung und -analyse, sowie der Adaptierbarkeit und Integration von Applikationen auf. Komponentenorientierung und WebServices sind zwei Ansätze für den effizienten Entwurf und die Realisierung komplexer Web-basierender Systeme. Sie ermöglichen die Reaktion auf wechselnde Anforderungen ebenso, wie die Integration großer komplexer Softwaresysteme.
"Service-Oriented Systems Engineering" repräsentiert die Symbiose bewährter Praktiken aus den Gebieten der Objektorientierung, der Komponentenprogrammierung, des verteilten Rechnen sowie der Geschäftsprozesse und berücksichtigt auch die Integration von Geschäftsanliegen und Informationstechnologien.
Die Klausurtagung des Forschungskollegs "Service-oriented Systems Engineering" findet einmal jährlich statt und bietet allen Kollegiaten die Möglichkeit den Stand ihrer aktuellen Forschung darzulegen. Bedingt durch die Querschnittstruktur des Kollegs deckt dieser Bericht ein weites Spektrum aktueller Forschungsthemen ab. Dazu zählen unter anderem Human Computer Interaction and Computer Vision as Service; Service-oriented Geovisualization Systems; Algorithm Engineering for Service-oriented Systems; Modeling and Verification of Self-adaptive Service-oriented Systems; Tools and Methods for Software Engineering in Service-oriented Systems; Security Engineering of Service-based IT Systems; Service-oriented Information Systems; Evolutionary Transition of Enterprise Applications to Service Orientation; Operating System Abstractions for Service-oriented Computing; sowie Services Specification, Composition, and Enactment.
T3 - Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam - 138
KW - Hasso Plattner Institute
KW - research school
KW - Ph.D. retreat
KW - service-oriented systems engineering
KW - Hasso-Plattner-Institut
KW - Forschungskolleg
KW - Klausurtagung
KW - Service-oriented Systems Engineering
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-504132
SN - 978-3-86956-513-2
SN - 1613-5652
SN - 2191-1665
IS - 138
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - De Freitas, Jessica K.
A1 - Johnson, Kipp W.
A1 - Golden, Eddye
A1 - Nadkarni, Girish N.
A1 - Dudley, Joel T.
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
A1 - Glicksberg, Benjamin S.
A1 - Miotto, Riccardo
T1 - Phe2vec
BT - Automated disease phenotyping based on unsupervised embeddings from electronic health records
JF - Patterns
N2 - Robust phenotyping of patients from electronic health records (EHRs) at scale is a challenge in clinical informatics. Here, we introduce Phe2vec, an automated framework for disease phenotyping from EHRs based on unsupervised learning and assess its effectiveness against standard rule-based algorithms from Phenotype KnowledgeBase (PheKB). Phe2vec is based on pre-computing embeddings of medical concepts and patients' clinical history. Disease phenotypes are then derived from a seed concept and its neighbors in the embedding space. Patients are linked to a disease if their embedded representation is close to the disease phenotype. Comparing Phe2vec and PheKB cohorts head-to-head using chart review, Phe2vec performed on par or better in nine out of ten diseases. Differently from other approaches, it can scale to any condition and was validated against widely adopted expert-based standards. Phe2vec aims to optimize clinical informatics research by augmenting current frameworks to characterize patients by condition and derive reliable disease cohorts.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2021.100337
SN - 2666-3899
VL - 2
IS - 9
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Klippert, Monika
A1 - Stolpmann, Robert
A1 - Grum, Marcus
A1 - Thim, Christof
A1 - Gronau, Norbert
A1 - Albers, Albert
T1 - Knowledge transfer quality improvement
BT - the quality enhancement of knowledge transfers in product engineering
T2 - Procedia CIRP
N2 - Developing a new product generation requires the transfer of knowledge among various knowledge carriers. Several factors influence knowledge transfer, e.g., the complexity of engineering tasks or the competence of employees, which can decrease the efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge transfers in product engineering. Hence, improving those knowledge transfers obtains great potential, especially against the backdrop of experienced employees leaving the company due to retirement, so far, research results show, that the knowledge transfer velocity can be raised by following the Knowledge Transfer Velocity Model and implementing so-called interventions in a product engineering context. In most cases, the implemented interventions have a positive effect on knowledge transfer speed improvement. In addition to that, initial theoretical findings describe factors influencing the quality of knowledge transfers and outline a setting to empirically investigate how the quality can be improved by introducing a general description of knowledge transfer reference situations and principles to measure the quality of knowledge artifacts. To assess the quality of knowledge transfers in a product engineering context, the Knowledge Transfer Quality Model (KTQM) is created, which serves as a basis to develop and implement quality-dependent interventions for different knowledge transfer situations. As a result, this paper introduces the specifications of eight situation-adequate interventions to improve the quality of knowledge transfers in product engineering following an intervention template. Those interventions are intended to be implemented in an industrial setting to measure the quality of knowledge transfers and validate their effect.
KW - knowledge transfer
KW - product generation engineering
KW - improvement
KW - quality
KW - intervention
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2023.02.171
SN - 2212-8271
VL - 119
SP - 919
EP - 925
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Panzer, Marcel
A1 - Gronau, Norbert
T1 - Enhancing economic efficiency in modular production systems through deep reinforcement learning
T2 - Procedia CIRP
N2 - In times of increasingly complex production processes and volatile customer demands, the production adaptability is crucial for a company's profitability and competitiveness. The ability to cope with rapidly changing customer requirements and unexpected internal and external events guarantees robust and efficient production processes, requiring a dedicated control concept at the shop floor level. Yet in today's practice, conventional control approaches remain in use, which may not keep up with the dynamic behaviour due to their scenario-specific and rigid properties. To address this challenge, deep learning methods were increasingly deployed due to their optimization and scalability properties. However, these approaches were often tested in specific operational applications and focused on technical performance indicators such as order tardiness or total throughput. In this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement learning based production control to optimize combined techno-financial performance measures. Based on pre-defined manufacturing modules that are supplied and operated by multiple agents, positive effects were observed in terms of increased revenue and reduced penalties due to lower throughput times and fewer delayed products. The combined modular and multi-staged approach as well as the distributed decision-making further leverage scalability and transferability to other scenarios.
KW - modular production
KW - production control
KW - multi-agent system
KW - deep reinforcement learning
KW - discrete event simulation
Y1 - 2024
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2023.09.229
SN - 2212-8271
VL - 121
SP - 55
EP - 60
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Grdseloff, Nastasja
A1 - Boulday, Gwenola
A1 - Roedel, Claudia J.
A1 - Otten, Cecile
A1 - Vannier, Daphne Raphaelle
A1 - Cardoso, Cecile
A1 - Faurobert, Eva
A1 - Dogra, Deepika
A1 - Tournier-Lasserve, Elisabeth
A1 - Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim
T1 - Impaired retinoic acid signaling in cerebral cavernous malformations
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - The capillary-venous pathology cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is caused by loss of CCM1/Krev interaction trapped protein 1 (KRIT1), CCM2/MGC4607, or CCM3/PDCD10 in some endothelial cells. Mutations of CCM genes within the brain vasculature can lead to recurrent cerebral hemorrhages. Pharmacological treatment options are urgently needed when lesions are located in deeply-seated and in-operable regions of the central nervous system. Previous pharmacological suppression screens in disease models of CCM led to the discovery that treatment with retinoic acid improved CCM phenotypes. This finding raised a need to investigate the involvement of retinoic acid in CCM and test whether it has a curative effect in preclinical mouse models. Here, we show that components of the retinoic acid synthesis and degradation pathway are transcriptionally misregulated across disease models of CCM. We complemented this analysis by pharmacologically modifying retinoic acid levels in zebrafish and human endothelial cell models of CCM, and in acute and chronic mouse models of CCM. Our pharmacological intervention studies in CCM2-depleted human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and krit1 mutant zebrafish showed positive effects when retinoic acid levels were increased. However, therapeutic approaches to prevent the development of vascular lesions in adult chronic murine models of CCM were drug regiment-sensitive, possibly due to adverse developmental effects of this hormone. A treatment with high doses of retinoic acid even worsened CCM lesions in an adult chronic murine model of CCM. This study provides evidence that retinoic acid signaling is impaired in the CCM pathophysiology and suggests that modification of retinoic acid levels can alleviate CCM phenotypes.
KW - Developmental biology
KW - Molecular medicine
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31905-0
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 13
IS - 1
PB - Nature Portfolio
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lewkowicz, Daniel
A1 - Wohlbrandt, Attila
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
T1 - Economic impact of clinical decision support interventions based on electronic health records
JF - BMC Health Services Research
N2 - Background
Unnecessary healthcare utilization, non-adherence to current clinical guidelines, or insufficient personalized care are perpetual challenges and remain potential major cost-drivers for healthcare systems around the world. Implementing decision support systems into clinical care is promised to improve quality of care and thereby yield substantial effects on reducing healthcare expenditure. In this article, we evaluate the economic impact of clinical decision support (CDS) interventions based on electronic health records (EHR).
Methods
We searched for studies published after 2014 using MEDLINE, CENTRAL, WEB OF SCIENCE, EBSCO, and TUFTS CEA registry databases that encompass an economic evaluation or consider cost outcome measures of EHR based CDS interventions. Thereupon, we identified best practice application areas and categorized the investigated interventions according to an existing taxonomy of front-end CDS tools.
Results and discussion
Twenty-seven studies are investigated in this review. Of those, twenty-two studies indicate a reduction of healthcare expenditure after implementing an EHR based CDS system, especially towards prevalent application areas, such as unnecessary laboratory testing, duplicate order entry, efficient transfusion practice, or reduction of antibiotic prescriptions. On the contrary, order facilitators and undiscovered malfunctions revealed to be threats and could lead to new cost drivers in healthcare. While high upfront and maintenance costs of CDS systems are a worldwide implementation barrier, most studies do not consider implementation cost. Finally, four included economic evaluation studies report mixed monetary outcome results and thus highlight the importance of further high-quality economic evaluations for these CDS systems.
Conclusion
Current research studies lack consideration of comparative cost-outcome metrics as well as detailed cost components in their analyses. Nonetheless, the positive economic impact of EHR based CDS interventions is highly promising, especially with regard to reducing waste in healthcare.
KW - Economic evaluation
KW - Electronic health record
KW - Clinical decision support
KW - Behavioral economics
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05688-3
SN - 1472-6963
VL - 20
PB - BioMed Central
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Smith, Taylor
A1 - Boers, Niklas
T1 - Global vegetation resilience linked to water availability and variability
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - Quantifying the resilience of vegetated ecosystems is key to constraining both present-day and future global impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Here we apply both empirical and theoretical resilience metrics to remotely-sensed vegetation data in order to examine the role of water availability and variability in controlling vegetation resilience at the global scale. We find a concise global relationship where vegetation resilience is greater in regions with higher water availability. We also reveal that resilience is lower in regions with more pronounced inter-annual precipitation variability, but find less concise relationships between vegetation resilience and intra-annual precipitation variability. Our results thus imply that the resilience of vegetation responds differently to water deficits at varying time scales. In view of projected increases in precipitation variability, our findings highlight the risk of ecosystem degradation under ongoing climate change.
Vegetation dynamics depend on both the amount of precipitation and its variability over time. Here, the authors show that vegetation resilience is greater where water availability is higher and where precipitation is more stable from year to year.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36207-7
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 14
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Falkenhagen, Undine
A1 - Knöchel, Jane
A1 - Kloft, Charlotte
A1 - Huisinga, Wilhelm
T1 - Deriving mechanism-based pharmacodynamic models by reducing quantitative systems pharmacology models
BT - an application to warfarin
JF - CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology
N2 - Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models integrate comprehensive qualitative and quantitative knowledge about pharmacologically relevant processes. We previously proposed a first approach to leverage the knowledge in QSP models to derive simpler, mechanism-based pharmacodynamic (PD) models. Their complexity, however, is typically still too large to be used in the population analysis of clinical data. Here, we extend the approach beyond state reduction to also include the simplification of reaction rates, elimination of reactions, and analytic solutions. We additionally ensure that the reduced model maintains a prespecified approximation quality not only for a reference individual but also for a diverse virtual population. We illustrate the extended approach for the warfarin effect on blood coagulation. Using the model-reduction approach, we derive a novel small-scale warfarin/international normalized ratio model and demonstrate its suitability for biomarker identification. Due to the systematic nature of the approach in comparison with empirical model building, the proposed model-reduction algorithm provides an improved rationale to build PD models also from QSP models in other applications.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12903
SN - 2163-8306
VL - 12
IS - 4
SP - 432
EP - 443
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Moreno-Romero, Jordi
A1 - Probst, Aline V.
A1 - Trindade, Inês
A1 - Kalyanikrishna,
A1 - Engelhorn, Julia
A1 - Farrona, Sara
T1 - Looking At the Past and Heading to the Future
BT - Meeting Summary of the 6th European Workshop on Plant Chromatin 2019 in Cologne, Germany
JF - Frontiers in Plant Science
N2 - In June 2019, more than a hundred plant researchers met in Cologne, Germany, for the 6th European Workshop on Plant Chromatin (EWPC). This conference brought together a highly dynamic community of researchers with the common aim to understand how chromatin organization controls gene expression, development, and plant responses to the environment. New evidence showing how epigenetic states are set, perpetuated, and inherited were presented, and novel data related to the three-dimensional organization of chromatin within the nucleus were discussed. At the level of the nucleosome, its composition by different histone variants and their specialized histone deposition complexes were addressed as well as the mechanisms involved in histone post-translational modifications and their role in gene expression. The keynote lecture on plant DNA methylation by Julie Law (SALK Institute) and the tribute session to Lars Hennig, honoring the memory of one of the founders of the EWPC who contributed to promote the plant chromatin and epigenetic field in Europe, added a very special note to this gathering. In this perspective article we summarize some of the most outstanding data and advances on plant chromatin research presented at this workshop.
KW - EWPC2019
KW - chromatin
KW - epigenetics
KW - transcription
KW - nucleus
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01795
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 10
IS - 1795
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dellepiane, Sergio
A1 - Vaid, Akhil
A1 - Jaladanki, Suraj K.
A1 - Coca, Steven
A1 - Fayad, Zahi A.
A1 - Charney, Alexander W.
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
A1 - He, John Cijiang
A1 - Glicksberg, Benjamin S.
A1 - Chan, Lili
A1 - Nadkarni, Girish
T1 - Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York City
BT - Temporal Trends From March 2020 to April 2021
JF - Kidney medicine
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2021.06.008
SN - 2590-0595
VL - 3
IS - 5
SP - 877
EP - 879
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Datta, Suparno
A1 - Sachs, Jan Philipp
A1 - Freitas da Cruz, Harry
A1 - Martensen, Tom
A1 - Bode, Philipp
A1 - Morassi Sasso, Ariane
A1 - Glicksberg, Benjamin S.
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
T1 - FIBER
BT - enabling flexible retrieval of electronic health records data for clinical predictive modeling
JF - JAMIA open
N2 - Objectives:
The development of clinical predictive models hinges upon the availability of comprehensive clinical data. Tapping into such resources requires considerable effort from clinicians, data scientists, and engineers. Specifically, these efforts are focused on data extraction and preprocessing steps required prior to modeling, including complex database queries. A handful of software libraries exist that can reduce this complexity by building upon data standards. However, a gap remains concerning electronic health records (EHRs) stored in star schema clinical data warehouses, an approach often adopted in practice. In this article, we introduce the FlexIBle EHR Retrieval (FIBER) tool: a Python library built on top of a star schema (i2b2) clinical data warehouse that enables flexible generation of modeling-ready cohorts as data frames.
Materials and Methods:
FIBER was developed on top of a large-scale star schema EHR database which contains data from 8 million patients and over 120 million encounters. To illustrate FIBER's capabilities, we present its application by building a heart surgery patient cohort with subsequent prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI) with various machine learning models.
Results:
Using FIBER, we were able to build the heart surgery cohort (n = 12 061), identify the patients that developed AKI (n = 1005), and automatically extract relevant features (n = 774). Finally, we trained machine learning models that achieved area under the curve values of up to 0.77 for this exemplary use case.
Conclusion:
FIBER is an open-source Python library developed for extracting information from star schema clinical data warehouses and reduces time-to-modeling, helping to streamline the clinical modeling process.
KW - databases
KW - factual
KW - electronic health records
KW - information storage and
KW - retrieval
KW - workflow
KW - software/instrumentation
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooab048
SN - 2574-2531
VL - 4
IS - 3
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Cope, Justin L.
A1 - Baukmann, Hannes A.
A1 - Klinger, Jörn E.
A1 - Ravarani, Charles N. J.
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
A1 - Konigorski, Stefan
A1 - Schmidt, Marco F.
T1 - Interaction-based feature selection algorithm outperforms polygenic risk score in predicting Parkinson’s Disease status
JF - Frontiers in genetics
N2 - Polygenic risk scores (PRS) aggregating results from genome-wide association studies are the state of the art in the prediction of susceptibility to complex traits or diseases, yet their predictive performance is limited for various reasons, not least of which is their failure to incorporate the effects of gene-gene interactions. Novel machine learning algorithms that use large amounts of data promise to find gene-gene interactions in order to build models with better predictive performance than PRS. Here, we present a data preprocessing step by using data-mining of contextual information to reduce the number of features, enabling machine learning algorithms to identify gene-gene interactions. We applied our approach to the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) dataset, an observational clinical study of 471 genotyped subjects (368 cases and 152 controls). With an AUC of 0.85 (95% CI = [0.72; 0.96]), the interaction-based prediction model outperforms the PRS (AUC of 0.58 (95% CI = [0.42; 0.81])). Furthermore, feature importance analysis of the model provided insights into the mechanism of Parkinson's disease. For instance, the model revealed an interaction of previously described drug target candidate genes TMEM175 and GAPDHP25. These results demonstrate that interaction-based machine learning models can improve genetic prediction models and might provide an answer to the missing heritability problem.
KW - epistasis
KW - machine learning
KW - feature selection
KW - parkinson's disease
KW - PPMI (parkinson's progression markers initiative)
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.744557
SN - 1664-8021
VL - 12
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zenner, Alexander M.
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
A1 - Konigorski, Stefan
T1 - StudyMe
BT - a new mobile app for user-centric N-of-1 trials
JF - Trials
N2 - N-of-1 trials are multi-crossover self-experiments that allow individuals to systematically evaluate the effect of interventions on their personal health goals. Although several tools for N-of-1 trials exist, there is a gap in supporting non-experts in conducting their own user-centric trials. In this study, we present StudyMe, an open-source mobile application that is freely available from https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=health.studyu.me and offers users flexibility and guidance in configuring every component of their trials. We also present research that informed the development of StudyMe, focusing on trial creation. Through an initial survey with 272 participants, we learned that individuals are interested in a variety of personal health aspects and have unique ideas on how to improve them. In an iterative, user-centered development process with intermediate user tests, we developed StudyMe that features an educational part to communicate N-of-1 trial concepts. A final empirical evaluation of StudyMe showed that all participants were able to create their own trials successfully using StudyMe and the app achieved a very good usability rating. Our findings suggest that StudyMe provides a significant step towards enabling individuals to apply a systematic science-oriented approach to personalize health-related interventions and behavior modifications in their everyday lives.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06893-7
SN - 1745-6215
VL - 23
PB - BioMed Central
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lewkowicz, Daniel
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
A1 - Siegel, Martin
T1 - Economic evaluation of digital therapeutic care apps for unsupervised treatment of low back pain
BT - Monte Carlo Simulation
JF - JMIR mhealth and uhealth
N2 - Background:
Digital therapeutic care (DTC) programs are unsupervised app-based treatments that provide video exercises and educational material to patients with nonspecific low back pain during episodes of pain and functional disability. German statutory health insurance can reimburse DTC programs since 2019, but evidence on efficacy and reasonable pricing remains scarce. This paper presents a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) to evaluate the efficacy and cost-utility of a DTC app against treatment as usual (TAU) in Germany.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to perform a PSA in the form of a Monte Carlo simulation based on the deterministic base case analysis to account for model assumptions and parameter uncertainty. We also intend to explore to what extent the results in this probabilistic analysis differ from the results in the base case analysis and to what extent a shortage of outcome data concerning quality-of-life (QoL) metrics impacts the overall results.
Methods:
The PSA builds upon a state-transition Markov chain with a 4-week cycle length over a model time horizon of 3 years from a recently published deterministic cost-utility analysis. A Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations and a cohort size of 10,000 was employed to evaluate the cost-utility from a societal perspective. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were derived from Veterans RAND 6-Dimension (VR-6D) and Short-Form 6-Dimension (SF-6D) single utility scores. Finally, we also simulated reducing the price for a 3-month app prescription to analyze at which price threshold DTC would result in being the dominant strategy over TAU in Germany.
Results:
The Monte Carlo simulation yielded on average a euro135.97 (a currency exchange rate of EUR euro1=US $1.069 is applicable) incremental cost and 0.004 incremental QALYs per person and year for the unsupervised DTC app strategy compared to in-person physiotherapy in Germany. The corresponding incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) amounts to an additional euro34,315.19 per additional QALY. DTC yielded more QALYs in 54.96% of the iterations. DTC dominates TAU in 24.04% of the iterations for QALYs. Reducing the app price in the simulation from currently euro239.96 to euro164.61 for a 3-month prescription could yield a negative ICUR and thus make DTC the dominant strategy, even though the estimated probability of DTC being more effective than TAU is only 54.96%.
Conclusions:
Decision-makers should be cautious when considering the reimbursement of DTC apps since no significant treatment effect was found, and the probability of cost-effectiveness remains below 60% even for an infinite willingness-to-pay threshold. More app-based studies involving the utilization of QoL outcome parameters are urgently needed to account for the low and limited precision of the available QoL input parameters, which are crucial to making profound recommendations concerning the cost-utility of novel apps.
KW - cost-utility analysis
KW - cost
KW - probabilistic sensitivity analysis
KW - Monte Carlo simulation
KW - low back pain
KW - pain
KW - economic
KW - cost-effectiveness
KW - Markov model
KW - digital therapy
KW - digital health app
KW - mHealth
KW - mobile health
KW - health app
KW - mobile app
KW - orthopedic
KW - QUALY
KW - DALY
KW - quality-adjusted life years
KW - disability-adjusted life years
KW - time horizon
KW - veteran
KW - statistics
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.2196/44585
SN - 2291-5222
VL - 11
PB - JMIR Publications
CY - Toronto
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Konigorski, Stefan
A1 - Wernicke, Sarah
A1 - Slosarek, Tamara
A1 - Zenner, Alexander M.
A1 - Strelow, Nils
A1 - Ruether, Darius F.
A1 - Henschel, Florian
A1 - Manaswini, Manisha
A1 - Pottbäcker, Fabian
A1 - Edelman, Jonathan A.
A1 - Owoyele, Babajide
A1 - Danieletto, Matteo
A1 - Golden, Eddye
A1 - Zweig, Micol
A1 - Nadkarni, Girish N.
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
T1 - StudyU: a platform for designing and conducting innovative digital N-of-1 trials
JF - Journal of medical internet research
N2 - N-of-1 trials are the gold standard study design to evaluate individual treatment effects and derive personalized treatment strategies. Digital tools have the potential to initiate a new era of N-of-1 trials in terms of scale and scope, but fully functional platforms are not yet available.
Here, we present the open source StudyU platform, which includes the StudyU Designer and StudyU app.
With the StudyU Designer, scientists are given a collaborative web application to digitally specify, publish, and conduct N-of-1 trials.
The StudyU app is a smartphone app with innovative user-centric elements for participants to partake in trials published through the StudyU Designer to assess the effects of different interventions on their health.
Thereby, the StudyU platform allows clinicians and researchers worldwide to easily design and conduct digital N-of-1 trials in a safe manner.
We envision that StudyU can change the landscape of personalized treatments both for patients and healthy individuals, democratize and personalize evidence generation for self-optimization and medicine, and can be integrated in clinical practice.
KW - digital interventions
KW - N-of-1 trial
KW - SCED
KW - single-case experimental design
KW - web application
KW - mobile application
KW - app
KW - digital health
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.2196/35884
SN - 1439-4456
SN - 1438-8871
VL - 24
IS - 7
PB - Healthcare World
CY - Richmond, Va.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Barbolini, Natasha
A1 - Woutersen, Amber
A1 - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume
A1 - Silvestro, Daniele
A1 - Tardif-Becquet, Delphine
A1 - Coster, Pauline M. C.
A1 - Meijer, Niels
A1 - Chang, Cun
A1 - Zhang, Hou-Xi
A1 - Licht, Alexis
A1 - Rydin, Catarina
A1 - Koutsodendris, Andreas
A1 - Han, Fang
A1 - Rohrmann, Alexander
A1 - Liu, Xiang-Jun
A1 - Zhang, Y.
A1 - Donnadieu, Yannick
A1 - Fluteau, Frederic
A1 - Ladant, Jean-Baptiste
A1 - Le Hir, Guillaume
A1 - Hoorn, M. Carina
T1 - Cenozoic evolution of the steppe-desert biome in Central Asia
JF - Science Advances
N2 - The origins and development of the arid and highly seasonal steppe-desert biome in Central Asia, the largest of its kind in the world, remain largely unconstrained by existing records. It is unclear how Cenozoic climatic, geological, and biological forces, acting at diverse spatial and temporal scales, shaped Central Asian ecosystems through time. Our synthesis shows that the Central Asian steppe-desert has existed since at least Eocene times but experienced no less than two regime shifts, one at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition and one in the mid-Miocene. These shifts separated three successive "stable states," each characterized by unique floral and faunal structures. Past responses to disturbance in the Asian steppe-desert imply that modern ecosystems are unlikely to recover their present structures and diversity if forced into a new regime. This is of concern for Asian steppes today, which are being modified for human use and lost to desertification at unprecedented rates.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb8227
SN - 2375-2548
VL - 6
IS - 41
PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Woutersen, Amber
A1 - Jardine, Phillip E.
A1 - Giovanni Bogota-Angel, Raul
A1 - Zhang, Hong-Xiang
A1 - Silvestro, Daniele
A1 - Antonelli, Alexandre
A1 - Gogna, Elena
A1 - Erkens, Roy H. J.
A1 - Gosling, William D.
A1 - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume
A1 - Hoorn, Carina
T1 - A novel approach to study the morphology and chemistry of pollen in a phylogenetic context, applied to the halophytic taxon Nitraria L.(Nitrariaceae)
JF - PeerJ
N2 - Nitraria is a halophytic taxon (i.e., adapted to saline environments) that belongs to the plant family Nitrariaceae and is distributed from the Mediterranean, across Asia into the south-eastern tip of Australia. This taxon is thought to have originated in Asia during the Paleogene (66-23 Ma), alongside the proto-Paratethys epicontinental sea. The evolutionary history of Nitraria might hold important clues on the links between climatic and biotic evolution but limited taxonomic documentation of this taxon has thus far hindered this line of research. Here we investigate if the pollen morphology and the chemical composition of the pollen wall are informative of the evolutionary history of Nitraria and could explain if origination along the proto-Paratethys and dispersal to the Tibetan Plateau was simultaneous or a secondary process. To answer these questions, we applied a novel approach consisting of a combination of Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), to determine the chemical composition of the pollen wall, and pollen morphological analyses using Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). We analysed our data using ordinations (principal components analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling), and directly mapped it on the Nitrariaceae phylogeny to produce a phylomorphospace and a phylochemospace. Our LM, SEM and FTIR analyses show clear morphological and chemical differences between the sister groups Peganum and Nitraria. Differences in the morphological and chemical characteristics of highland species (Nitraria schoberi, N. sphaerocarpa, N. sibirica and N. tangutorum) and lowland species (Nitraria billardierei and N. retusa) are very subtle, with phylogenetic history appearing to be a more important control on Nitraria pollen than local environmental conditions. Our approach shows a compelling consistency between the chemical and morphological characteristics of the eight studied Nitrariaceae species, and these traits are in agreement with the phylogenetic tree. Taken together, this demonstrates how novel methods for studying fossil pollen can facilitate the evolutionary investigation of living and extinct taxa, and the environments they represent.
KW - FTIR
KW - LM
KW - SEM
KW - Paratethys
KW - Tibet
KW - Sporopollenin
KW - Mediterranean
KW - Steppe-desert
KW - Australia
KW - Palynology
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5055
SN - 2167-8359
VL - 6
PB - PeerJ Inc.
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vaid, Akhil
A1 - Somani, Sulaiman
A1 - Russak, Adam J.
A1 - De Freitas, Jessica K.
A1 - Chaudhry, Fayzan F.
A1 - Paranjpe, Ishan
A1 - Johnson, Kipp W.
A1 - Lee, Samuel J.
A1 - Miotto, Riccardo
A1 - Richter, Felix
A1 - Zhao, Shan
A1 - Beckmann, Noam D.
A1 - Naik, Nidhi
A1 - Kia, Arash
A1 - Timsina, Prem
A1 - Lala, Anuradha
A1 - Paranjpe, Manish
A1 - Golden, Eddye
A1 - Danieletto, Matteo
A1 - Singh, Manbir
A1 - Meyer, Dara
A1 - O'Reilly, Paul F.
A1 - Huckins, Laura
A1 - Kovatch, Patricia
A1 - Finkelstein, Joseph
A1 - Freeman, Robert M.
A1 - Argulian, Edgar
A1 - Kasarskis, Andrew
A1 - Percha, Bethany
A1 - Aberg, Judith A.
A1 - Bagiella, Emilia
A1 - Horowitz, Carol R.
A1 - Murphy, Barbara
A1 - Nestler, Eric J.
A1 - Schadt, Eric E.
A1 - Cho, Judy H.
A1 - Cordon-Cardo, Carlos
A1 - Fuster, Valentin
A1 - Charney, Dennis S.
A1 - Reich, David L.
A1 - Böttinger, Erwin
A1 - Levin, Matthew A.
A1 - Narula, Jagat
A1 - Fayad, Zahi A.
A1 - Just, Allan C.
A1 - Charney, Alexander W.
A1 - Nadkarni, Girish N.
A1 - Glicksberg, Benjamin S.
T1 - Machine learning to predict mortality and critical events in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in New York City: model development and validation
JF - Journal of medical internet research : international scientific journal for medical research, information and communication on the internet ; JMIR
N2 - Background:
COVID-19 has infected millions of people worldwide and is responsible for several hundred thousand fatalities. The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated thoughtful resource allocation and early identification of high-risk patients. However, effective methods to meet these needs are lacking.
Objective:
The aims of this study were to analyze the electronic health records (EHRs) of patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and were admitted to hospitals in the Mount Sinai Health System in New York City; to develop machine learning models for making predictions about the hospital course of the patients over clinically meaningful time horizons based on patient characteristics at admission; and to assess the performance of these models at multiple hospitals and time points.
Methods:
We used Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and baseline comparator models to predict in-hospital mortality and critical events at time windows of 3, 5, 7, and 10 days from admission. Our study population included harmonized EHR data from five hospitals in New York City for 4098 COVID-19-positive patients admitted from March 15 to May 22, 2020. The models were first trained on patients from a single hospital (n=1514) before or on May 1, externally validated on patients from four other hospitals (n=2201) before or on May 1, and prospectively validated on all patients after May 1 (n=383). Finally, we established model interpretability to identify and rank variables that drive model predictions.
Results:
Upon cross-validation, the XGBoost classifier outperformed baseline models, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) for mortality of 0.89 at 3 days, 0.85 at 5 and 7 days, and 0.84 at 10 days. XGBoost also performed well for critical event prediction, with an AUC-ROC of 0.80 at 3 days, 0.79 at 5 days, 0.80 at 7 days, and 0.81 at 10 days. In external validation, XGBoost achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.88 at 3 days, 0.86 at 5 days, 0.86 at 7 days, and 0.84 at 10 days for mortality prediction. Similarly, the unimputed XGBoost model achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.78 at 3 days, 0.79 at 5 days, 0.80 at 7 days, and 0.81 at 10 days. Trends in performance on prospective validation sets were similar. At 7 days, acute kidney injury on admission, elevated LDH, tachypnea, and hyperglycemia were the strongest drivers of critical event prediction, while higher age, anion gap, and C-reactive protein were the strongest drivers of mortality prediction.
Conclusions:
We externally and prospectively trained and validated machine learning models for mortality and critical events for patients with COVID-19 at different time horizons. These models identified at-risk patients and uncovered underlying relationships that predicted outcomes.
KW - machine learning
KW - COVID-19
KW - electronic health record
KW - TRIPOD
KW - clinical
KW - informatics
KW - prediction
KW - mortality
KW - EHR
KW - cohort
KW - hospital
KW - performance
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.2196/24018
SN - 1439-4456
SN - 1438-8871
VL - 22
IS - 11
PB - Healthcare World
CY - Richmond, Va.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Döll, Stefanie
A1 - Djalali Farahani-Kofoet, Roxana
A1 - Zrenner, Rita
A1 - Henze, Andrea
A1 - Witzel, Katja
T1 - Tissue-specific signatures of metabolites and proteins in asparagus roots and exudates
JF - Horticulture research
N2 - Comprehensive untargeted and targeted analysis of root exudate composition has advanced our understanding of rhizosphere processes. However, little is known about exudate spatial distribution and regulation. We studied the specific metabolite signatures of asparagus root exudates, root outer (epidermis and exodermis), and root inner tissues (cortex and vasculature). The greatest differences were found between exudates and root tissues. In total, 263 non-redundant metabolites were identified as significantly differentially abundant between the three root fractions, with the majority being enriched in the root exudate and/or outer tissue and annotated as 'lipids and lipid-like molecules' or 'phenylpropanoids and polyketides'. Spatial distribution was verified for three selected compounds using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry imaging. Tissue-specific proteome analysis related root tissue-specific metabolite distributions and rhizodeposition with underlying biosynthetic pathways and transport mechanisms. The proteomes of root outer and inner tissues were spatially very distinct, in agreement with the fundamental differences between their functions and structures. According to KEGG pathway analysis, the outer tissue proteome was characterized by a high abundance of proteins related to 'lipid metabolism', 'biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites' and 'transport and catabolism', reflecting its main functions of providing a hydrophobic barrier, secreting secondary metabolites, and mediating water and nutrient uptake. Proteins more abundant in the inner tissue related to 'transcription', 'translation' and 'folding, sorting and degradation', in accord with the high activity of cortical and vasculature cell layers in growth- and development-related processes. In summary, asparagus root fractions accumulate specific metabolites. This expands our knowledge of tissue-specific plant cell function.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00510-5
SN - 2052-7276
SN - 2662-6810
VL - 8
IS - 1
PB - Nanjing Agricultural Univ.
CY - Nanjing
ER -